第一篇：2014年南京大學文學院研究生入學考試試題(回憶版)

2014年南京大學文學院研究生入學考試試題（回憶版）

文學卷615

一、名詞解釋

1、永明體

2、活法

3、《琵琶記》

4、淺草-沉鐘社

5、“三突出”

6、茅盾文學獎

7、《神曲》

8、《等待戈多》

9、艾布拉姆斯四要素

10、期待視野

二、論述題（六選四）

1、試論漢代辭賦的發展演變及代表作家作品。

2、談談柳永的詞史的貢獻。

3、魯迅在《吶喊·自序》的主要內容并作簡要評價。

4、分析“王小波熱”產生的原因。

5、19世紀西方現實作家中有許多作家對20世紀現代主義文學產生了影響。請選擇其中一位并結合具體作品談談該作家對20世紀現代主義文學的貢獻。

6、在諸多文學批評方法中你最喜歡那一種？試結合具體文本論說。

語言與論文寫作935

（一）古代漢語部分

1、名詞解釋

省聲字、平仄、《中原音韻》、偏義復詞

2、古文翻譯

魯穆公問于子思曰：“何如而可謂忠臣？”子思曰：“恒稱其君之惡者，可謂忠臣矣。”公不悅，揖而退之。成孫弋見，公曰：“向者吾問忠臣于子思，子思曰：‘恒稱其君之惡者，可謂忠臣矣。’寡人惑焉，而未之得也。”成孫弋曰：“噫，善哉，言乎！夫為其君之故殺其身者，嘗有之矣。恒稱其君之惡，未之有也。夫為其君之故殺其身者，效祿爵者也。恒稱其君之惡者，遠祿爵者也。為義而遠祿爵，非子思，吾惡聞之矣。

（二）現代漢語部分

1、比較印歐語系與漢語，簡述漢語語音的特點。

2、舉例談談什么是隸分和隸合，并說說這對漢字形體結構演變的影響。

3、分析下列句子補語的語義指向：砍多了、砍快了、砍鈍了、砍累了、砍壞了、砍疼了。

4、正常的偏正式復合詞都是“偏前正后”的格式，然而“熊貓”、“玻璃鋼”卻于此不同。請談談你對這種現象的看法。

（三）語言學部分

1、現在語言學的重點集中于“普遍語法”，請談談它和“一般語法”的關系。

2、在語義學中蘊含、預設和暗涵三個概念的意義，并談談它們之間的關系。

（四）論文寫作部分（二選一）

1、（一段材料）中國學生重視外語學習，漢語能力下降，試以此論說。

2、有人說只有詩人才能把握偶然，請以偶然與文學的關系試做論說。

第二篇：2014年南京大學行政管理專業研究生入學考試真題(回憶版)

2014年南京大學行政管理專業研究生入學考試真題（回憶版）

政治學原理（613）

一、名詞解釋（10*10=100）

1.《理想國》（柏拉圖）

2.立憲君主政體

3.國家元首

4.公民權利

5.政治冷漠

6.政治社會化

7.魅力型權威

8.極權主義

9.地緣政治學

10.協商民主

二、論述題（50）

1.論多元化社會下的治理。

2.結合我國國情，論計劃模式和市場模式背后的政治學蘊含。

3.論政治輿論的監督效力。

行政管理學（933）

一、名詞比較（5*10=50）

1.程序行政責任和實體行政責任

2.消耗性公共支出和轉移性公共支出

3.行政效率和行政績效

4.跨域治理和多中心治理

5.公務員義務和公務員紀律

二、簡答題（6*10=60）

1.簡述依法行政的基本要求。

2.既然俱樂部物具有非競爭性，為什么還要由政府提供？

3.簡述官僚制的基本特征。

4.簡述服務型政府行政職能。

5.簡述社會問責的工具。

6.危機決策的特點。

三、論述題（2*20=40）

1.論公共行政學中的管理性方向。

2.根據你所學的行政學知識，論政府的服務性采購。

第三篇：2014年武漢大學博士研究生入學考試回憶版試題（本站推薦）

2014年武漢大學博士研究生入學考試回憶版試題

edit by 小白

注意：該版本是考博群朋友共同回憶所得，難免會有差錯，希望

一、叫獸篇

原文大意：討論叫獸的各種類型，提出一些作者自己對叫獸應該怎么教育學生的看法。

題目：

1、作者認為a lot of professors 是怎樣的：

（1）忘了（2）change minds with students（3）XXX students’ growth（4）help students achieve their goals2、忘了 考 pick themselves up 等 這句話的意思 benefit for one’s all lifetime3、詞匯題，應選A Dull，意為這種叫獸是麻木性的，容易被學生忘記

4、忘了

二、離婚篇

原文：It is easier to get divorced today than in times past, but it is no less painful.Studies have shown that both men and women suffer significant stress at two key points: before the decision to divorce and at the time of the final separation.Poor health, difficulty in sleeping and working, loneliness, depression, anxiety, lowered self-esteem, and impaired memory are all associated with the divorce process.In their study of 252 men and women currently undergoing a divorce, David A.Chiriboga and Loraine Cutler found that They found that men were more vulnerable to stress than women.At the same time, close to 50 percent of both men and women reported that they felt some relief as a result of having initiated the divorce process.The children of a couple planning to divorce also share in the pain, especially immediately following the separation.In their study of family breakup, Judith S.Wallerstein and Joan B.Kelly found that parents rarely prepare their children for the coming crisis, nor do they privide them with the necessary assurances that they will be cared for.Preoccupied by their personal problems, the parents are often insensitive to their children's anger, fear or perplexity.When divorce necessitates that the mother go to work, the child may be placed in unfamiliar child care arrangements, and both mother and father become substantially less available.The first year following a divorce is typically the most stressful for the parents and for the child.In the long run, however, divorce is not necessarily psychologically damaging to children, particularly when both parents remain accessible and loving.Whatever the pain that divorce inflicts, it does not seem to sour people on the institution of marriage.A fourth of the people who get divorced are remarried within the year, and 75 percent remarry within nine years of divorce.About five of every six divorced men and three of every four divorced women marry again.One reason that men are more likely to remarry than women is that men typically marry younger women.When we consider that by age twenty-seven women begin outnumbering men, we can see how middle-aged and older men have a larger pool of potential partners from which to choose than do women.In sum,while marriage may be difficult to sustain, it is certainly not going out of style.31.According to the passage, women suffer significant stress when ____.A.they are forced to leave their children

B.the property is divided

C.making up their mind to get a divorce

D.going to a court

32.According to the passage, one who is getting a divorce can suffer all the pains except ____.A.impaired memory

B.weight lost

C.lowered self-esteem

D.depression

33.According to the passage, all have a share in the process of adivorce except ____.A.husband

B.wife

C.child

D.grandparents

34.The passage implies that in the first year after a divorce children may suffer ____.A.psychological stress

B.physiological stress

C.physical stress

D.psychosis

35.According to the passage, the percentage of remarrying man is higher than that of the women by ____.A.25 %

B.75 %

C.8 %

D.27%

31.C

32.B

33.D

34.A

35.C

注：該題目變更較大

根據群友反饋，武大試題的正確答案為CCAC或CCCC，其中第三題存在爭議，題目大意為離婚對小孩的影響。

三、時尚篇

原文:

What Is Fashion

Fashion is something we deal with every day.Even people who say they don‘t care what they wear choose clothes every morning that say a lot about them an

d how they feel that day.One certain thing in the fashion world is change.We are constantly being showered with new fashion ideas from music, videos, books, and television.Movies also have a big impact on what people wear.Ray-Ban sold more sunglasses after the movie Men in Black.Sometimes a trend is worldwide.Back in the 1950s, teenagers everywhere dressed like Elvis Presley.Fashion and styles reveal what groups people are in, but they also create stereotypes and distance between groups.For instance, a businessman might look at a boy with green hair and multiple piercings(耳環孔)as an outsider.But to another person, the boy behaves strictly suitably.He dresses a certain way to deliver the message of rebellion(叛逆)and separation, but within that group, the look is uniform.Acceptance or rejection of a style is a reaction to the society we live in.Fashion is a language which tells a story about the person who wears it.―Clothes create a wordless means of communication that we all understand,‖ according to Katherine Hamnett, a top British fashion designer.Hamnett became popular when her T-shirts with large messages like ―Choose Life‖ were worn by several rock bands.Fashion is an endless popularity contest.High fashion is the style of a small group of men and women with a certain taste and authority in the fashion world.People of wealth and position, buyers for major department stores, editors and writers for fashion magazines are all part of High Fashion.Some of these expensive and often artistic fashions may triumph and become the fashion for the larger majority.Most stay on the runway.Popular fashions are close to impossible to trace.No one can tell how the short skirts and boots worn by teenagers in England in 1960 made it to the runways of Paris, or how blue jeans became so popular in the U.S., or how hip-hop made it from the streets of the Bronx to the fashion shows of London and Milan.―In the perspective of costume history, it is plain that the dress of any given period is exactly suited to the actual climate of the time.‖ according to James Laver, a noted English costume historian.How did bell-bottom jeans fade into the designer jeans and boots look of the 1980s into the baggy look of the 1990s? Nobody really knows.Choose the best answers to the following questions.1.According to the second paragraph, the example that teenagers everywhere dressed like Elvis Presley in the 1950s shows that.A.there is constant change in the fashion world

B.stars set world-wide trends in fashion

C.fashion is something we deal with every day

D.teenagers can show themselves off by means of means of what they are wearing

2.A boy with green hair and multiple piercings.A.might well look up to a businessman

B.delivers the message of rebellion and separation from everybody

C.manages to reveal that his style unique

D.will be accepted by some people in the society

3.Which of the following types is not mentioned in the article?

A.short boots B.baggy skirts C.xxxx jeans D.Hip-Hop

4.Which of the following is not true of fashion according to this passage?

A.People can get to know a person by the fashion he wears.B.Most of expensive and artistic fashion fail to be popular with common people.C.The fashion world is characterized by constant change.D.It is easy to unearth the reasons why a fashion becomes popular.注：其中1、2、4題為官方題，官方正確答案為

1、B2、D4、D，第三題為考試中替換的題，大概就是如此，根據群友意見，一般選擇為B，綜合來看正確 答案為BDBD，其中第三題非官方答案。

四、鐵路篇

Before the mid1860’s, the impact of the railroads in the United States was limited, in the sense that the tracks ended at this Missouri River, approximately the center of the country.At the point the trains turned their freight, mail, and passengers over to steamboats, wagons, and stagecoaches.This meant that wagon freighting, stagecoaching, and steamboating did not come to an end when the first train appeared;rather they became supplements or feeders.Each new “endoftrack” became a center for animaldrawn or waterborne transportation.The major effect of the railroad was to shorten the distance that had to be covered by the older, slower, and more costly means.Wagon freighters continued operating throughout the 1870’s and 1880’s and into the 1890’s.Although over constantly shrinking routes, and coaches and wagons continued to crisscross the West wherever the rails had not yet been laid.The beginning of a major change was foreshadowed in the later 1860’s, when the Union Pacific Railroad at last began to build westward from the Central Plains city of Omaha to meet the Central Pacific Railroad advancing eastward from California through the formidable barrier of the Sierra Nevada.Although President Abraham Lincoln signed the original Pacific Railroad bill in 1862 and a revised, financially much more generous version in 1864, little construction was completed until 1865 on the Central Pacific and 1866 on the Union Pacific.The primary reason was skepticism that a Railroad built through so challenging and thinly settled a stretch of desert, mountain, and semiarid plain could pay a profit.In the words of an economist, this was a case of “premature enterprise”, where not only the cost of construction but also the very high risk deterred private investment.In discussing the Pacific Railroad bill, the chair of the congressional committee bluntly stated that without government subsidy no one would undertake so unpromising a venture;yet it was a national necessity to link East and West together.16.The author refers to the impact of railroads before the late 1860’s as “limited” because ____

A.the track did not take the direct route from one city to the next

B.passengers and freight had to transfer to other modes of transportation to reach western destinations

C.passengers preferred stagecoaches

D.railroad travel was quite expensive

17.What can be inferred about coaches and wagon freighters as the railroad expanded?

A.They developed competing routes.B.Their drivers refused to work for the railroads.C.They began to specialize in private investment.D.There were insufficient numbers of trained people to operate them.18.Why does the author mention the Sierra Nevada in line 17?

A.To argue that a more direct route to the West could have been taken.B.To identify a historically significant mountain range in the West.C.To point out the location of a serious train accident.D.To give an example of an obstacle faced by the central pacific.注：第四題考試中已被更換。此題源于老托福，后被其他網絡輔導機構使用，第一題的官方答案存在爭議。爭議在AB之間，另外根據我的回憶第一題的B選項跟原文有所不同。

其余兩題的官方答案依次為A、D。

五、黑客篇

有原文，來自一篇論文，但沒有試題版原文，因此原文并沒有參考價值。題目：

1、應該是以下哪個個說法不正確：C黑客非法;DONLY2、問黑客與MIT的關系如何

a.good term b.somewhat unsettledcdtricky3、如何描述黑客

innovateunconventionalout of date4、黑客的宗旨是什么

devote to their craftfree access

在此感謝各位群友，祝大家能考出好成績，順利錄取！

第四篇：中央財經大學2011管理學研究生入學考試試題

中央財經大學2011管理學（802）考研試題

一、名詞解釋（每題4分，共20分）

1.企業使命2.組織設計3.績效評估4.組織精神5.動機

二、填空題（每空1分，共20分）

1.理想行政組織的特征：

2.學習型組織的五項修煉：

3.哥頓法（提喻法）

4.沖突產生的原因：

5.管理就是決策

6.激勵因素與保健因素

7.德魯克認為管理者扮演的三種角色

8.對勞動分工作用做出詳細闡述的兩位管理學家是

（僅列出了8道，總共10個小題）

三、不定項選擇（每題2分，共20分）

1.控制的分類

2.以下不屬于內容型激勵的是

3.影響組織結構的因素

4.以下屬于決策理論學派的是

5.領導過程的三要素是

6.以下屬于在職培訓的是

7.以下對群體決策描述正確的是

8.人際關系學說包括以下哪幾點

（僅列出了8道，總共10個小題）

四、簡答題（每小題7分，共35分）

1.分析管理科學與科學管理

2.解釋管理者的含義并談談管理者技能

3.用圖畫說明管理方格理論

4.結合傳統思想和現代管理思想闡述管理以人為本

5.結合自身情況論述個人職業發展規劃

五、論述題（第一題20分，第二題15分，共35分）

1.論述溝通的障礙和有效溝通應遵循的原則

2.計劃經濟時期中國管理的特征，并以此闡述國企改革的措施

六、案例分析題（共20分）

1.吉利并購沃爾沃后，列出幾條其面臨的挑戰（共4分）

2.結合材料論述并購企業文化整合應遵循的原則（共10分）

3.結合材料論述并購企業文化整合的策略（共6分）

第五篇：浙江大學2006年研究生入學考試試題[范文]

浙江大學2006年研究生入學考試試題（管理學）

考試形式: 閉卷

考生姓名:_________ 學號:__________ 專業: ________________

一、單項選擇題（）：

知識點:控制篇控制過程決策及其過程決策方法

答案: C2、某公司有三個投資方案可供選擇，根據市場狀況不同，其收益也不同，甲、乙、丙、丁四個方案在“市場狀況好”、“市場狀況一般”和“市場狀況差”時的收益分別是：甲：80、70、50，乙：100、60、30，丙：120、80、20，丁：160、50、－20。試用最小后悔值法作出決策：（）：

A、甲

B、乙

C、丙

D、丁

知識點:基礎篇管理者角色與技能按所起作用或工作領域分

答案: A3、與其他人相比，（）進行的非管理性工作最少：

A、校長

B、系主任

C、教研室主任

D、教師

知識點:基礎篇管理職能與性質管理思想的演變霍桑試驗

答案: D5、進行霍桑實驗并導致人際關系學說問世的管理學家是（）：

A、羅伯特·歐文

B、亨利·法約爾

C、泰勒

D、梅奧

知識點:領導篇溝通的條件與方式組織結構的設計組織結構設計過程

答案: D7、組織設計最為重要的基礎工作是：（）：

A、部門劃分與結構形成B、職務設計與人員調配

C、管理人員的素質與能力

D、職務設計與分析

知識點:基礎篇決策技巧領導理論領導生命周期理論（情景領導模型）答案: B10、李強是銷售高手并且樂此不疲，根據領導生命周期理論，對李強應采取以下哪種領導風格有更好的效果：（）：

A、高工作、高關系

B、低工作、低關系

C、高工作，低關系

D、低工作、高關系

二、名詞解釋題（）：

知識點:組織篇常見的組織結構形式人員的配備控制基礎按控制點分激勵原理動機理論

答案:

一種高水平的努力以達到組織目標的意愿，它受到滿足個人需要的能力制約

4、動機：

知識點:組織篇權力及其類型組織結構的設計組織結構設計原則

答案:

一個上級直接管轄下級的人數

6、管理幅度：

三、簡答題（）：

知識點:計劃篇計劃及其作用權力的分配影響集權與分權的主要因素

答案:

組織規模較小、職責與決策較為重要、下屬素質較差、控制能力與技術較低、環境因素相對復雜。

2、一個組織，在什么情況下采用集權管理會比較有效？：

知識點:基礎篇管理者角色與技能組織結構的設計管理思想的演變科學管理理論目標及其確定控制基礎管理與管理學管理的概念溝通方法改善人際溝通的方法

答案:

從人際溝通存在的問題而言，人際溝通效果取決于溝通行為主體的個體行為，也就是要提高人際溝通效果，就必須提高信息發送者和信息接受者的溝通水平。作為信息發送者，要有勇氣開口成為信息發送者、態度誠懇使對方成為信息接受者、選擇合適時機創造良好氛圍、提高表達能力準確傳遞信息、注重雙向溝通及時糾正偏差、積極勸說達成溝通目的；作為信息接受者應仔細注意傾聽，即聽清內容、注意要點、理解涵義、掌握精髓。

2、結合事例論述如何有效進行人際溝通？：

五、案例分析題（）：

知識點:基礎篇管理職能與性質權力的分配平衡集權與分權的方法

答案:

目前沒有答案

1、下面這件事發生在天氣涼爽的10月某一天，地點是杭州某省級醫院。安琪小姐給醫院院長趙林博士打來電話，要求立即作出一項新的人事安排。從安琪小姐的急切聲中，趙院長能感覺到發生了什么事情。他告訴馬上過來見她。大約5分鐘后，安琪走進了院長辦公室，遞給他一封辭職信。“趙院長，我再也干不下去了，”她開始申述：“我在產科當護士長已經四個月了，我簡直干不下去了。我怎么能干得了這工作呢？我有二個上級，每個人都有不同的要求，都要求優先處理。要知道，我只是一個凡人。我已經盡最大的努力適應這種工作，但看來這是不可能的。”讓我舉個例子吧。請相信我，這是一件平平常常的事。象這樣的事，每天都在發生。昨天上午7點45分，我來到辦公室就發現桌上留了張紙條，是李萍（醫院護理部主任）給我的。她告訴我10點鐘需要一份床位利用情況報告，供她下午在向院辦公會議作匯報時用。我知道，這樣一份報告至少要花一個半小時才能寫出來。30分鐘后，喬玲玲女士（安琪直接主管，產科主任）走進來問我為什么我的二個護士不在班上。我告訴她雷明醫生（外科主任）從我這里要走了她們二個，說是急診外科手術正缺人手，需要借用一下。我告訴她，我也反對過，但雷明醫生堅持說只能這么辦。你猜，喬玲玲說什么？她叫我立即讓這些護士回到婦產科。她還說，一小時后，她會回來檢查我是否把這件事辦好了！我跟您說，趙院長，這種事情每天都發生好幾次，一家醫院就只能這樣運作嗎？ 請問：

1、有人越權行事嗎？為什么？

2、有人認為該醫院組織結構并沒有什么大問題，問題在于安琪不是一個有效的管理者。對此，你同意還是反對？提出你的理由。

3、安琪小姐可以利用哪些權力基礎使自己更好地處理沖突要求？案例分析要求：

1、具體實際問題抽象為理論問題

2、用理論去分析問題所在的原則提出解決問題的思路

3、能夠言之成理并自圓其說案例分析要點：

1、權力配置問題

2、統一指揮、例外管理

3、問題：管理者如何有效使用各種權力：