第一篇:高中英語(yǔ)作文及技巧
高中英語(yǔ)作文
1.We had a heated discussion about physical exercise(whether we should do exercise every day)yesterday.Some students who are in favor of the idea think we should take exercise every day, such as basketball, but it shouldn’t take up too much time(we shouldn’t spend too much time on it).Exercise can build up one’s body and reduce diseases.let one’s brain have a rest pay attention to their lessons.It’s also possible2.假如你是李華。你的美國(guó)筆友即將隨其父母來(lái)中國(guó),并
在中國(guó)度過(guò)中秋節(jié)。他來(lái)信向你詢問(wèn)有關(guān)中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗,請(qǐng)你告訴他有關(guān)中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗。
要點(diǎn)如下:
1歷史悠久。2 中國(guó)人獨(dú)有的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。3 家庭團(tuán)圓。共進(jìn)晚餐。5 吃月餅。6 賞月。
Dear Mike,I’m glad to know that you are coming to China with your parents and spend the Mid-Autumn Day here.The Mid-Autumn Day is a traditional festival with a long history which is celebrated only by Chinese people.It falls on August 15th of the Chinese lunar year, when people of a family get together and enjoy the dinner together.After that they eat mooncakes, which stands for the spirits of the festival-unity.Often ,if the weather permits, they will go out of the
houseto enjoy the bright moonlight, talking about something pleasant.It is one of the most important festivals for Chinese people.I wish you a pleasant journey and I’m sure you
will like our traditional Mid-Autumn Day.Yours,Li Hua
3.The Way to Stay Healthy
Health is most important for any of us.In order to stay healthy, we need some common knowledge.pay attention to the diet.We should eat lots of fruit and vegetables, because they are rich in fiber and Iow in fat.As a proverb says, "An apple a day keeps the doctor away.“So fruit is good for health.Don't have a lot of food that contains too much fat, such as butter.Meanwhile, sweets should be eaten in proper quantity, because too much sugar
does harm to us.Don't drink too much coffee, either.do running every day usually have stronger hearts than who don't.too hard.Over work and little sleep will lead to illness.What's more, stay away fromcigarettes.These are the things we should pay attention to so as to
stay healthy.4假定由你負(fù)責(zé)接待一個(gè)外國(guó)旅游團(tuán)。請(qǐng)你擬定
一篇發(fā)言稿向游客介紹南京。要點(diǎn)如下:
1.南京位于中國(guó)東南部,是江蘇省省會(huì),人口約500萬(wàn)。
2.南京有2400多年歷史,曾有10個(gè)朝代在此建都。
3.南京很美,有許多名勝,如玄武湖、雞鳴寺、石頭城等,還有許多現(xiàn)代化的工廠和高大的樓房。
Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to our city.I’d like to tell you something about our city.Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province, lies in the southeast of China.It has a population of about 5 million.The city has a history of
more than 2,400 years, and was once the capitals of ten dynasties.It is a very beautiful
city with a lot of places of interest, such as the Xuanwu Lake, the Jiming Temple and the Stone City.It also has many modern factories and high buildings.I’m sure you will have a good time here.Thank you.5.某英文雜志新設(shè)“我的家鄉(xiāng)”專欄向讀者征文,請(qǐng)按下
面提供的要點(diǎn)寫一篇100個(gè)詞左右的短文,介紹你的家鄉(xiāng)
過(guò)去的情況和現(xiàn)在的變化,向該雜志投稿。短文標(biāo)題已給
出。
過(guò)去:家鄉(xiāng)小鎮(zhèn)綠樹(shù)環(huán)抱;小河清清魚兒嬉戲;房屋簡(jiǎn)陋
街道狹窄;人們勞作生活清貧;
現(xiàn)在:高樓大廈廠店林立;大小車輛馳騁街頭;工業(yè)發(fā)展
環(huán)境惡化;樹(shù)木減少魚兒消失;治理污染當(dāng)務(wù)之急
I used to live in a beautiful small town with greentrees all around it.The river,running through thetown,had clean water in which fish could be seen swimming in groups.The house, however, were small and simple, and the street wasn’t wide enoughto run cars.People here worked hard all year round yet lived a life of no more than poverty.Now great changes have taken place here.You can see tall buildings, department stores and factories everywhere.Cars and buses are running inbroad streets.But with the development of industry, pollution is becoming more and more serious.A lot of trees are gone, and fish have disappeared because of the dirty water.To our joy, people have been doing their best to stop pollution and make the town even more beautiful.假如你發(fā)現(xiàn)同學(xué)們遇到重要考試,都會(huì)出現(xiàn)頭暈、乏力、睡眠和食欲不好等精神緊張的情況。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫一篇關(guān)于如何正確對(duì)待考試及如何克服考試緊張情緒的短文。短文內(nèi)容包括以下要點(diǎn):
1、平時(shí)努力學(xué)習(xí),正確對(duì)待考試;
2、考試期間適當(dāng)運(yùn)動(dòng),正常作息;
3、睡前洗個(gè)熱水澡、喝杯熱牛奶有助于快速入睡。
Just Try to Relax During Exams
As you know most of us middle school students feel somehow nervous whenever we are taking an important exam.There is no doubt that exams are important to us students, but it’s very important to have a right attitude towards them.As a matter of fact, exams are no more than a
means of checking.Therefore, there is no need to worry too much about the results.Study hard every day and make good preparations.Only in this way can we avoid suffering from the pressure of exams.We’d better go out for a walk or take some outdoor exercise during an exam.Besides, enough sleep can make us full of energy and make it possible for us to perform well in the exam.A warm bath or a cup of milk before going to bed might help you to have a sound sleep.So, my suggestion is: Don’t worry about it, and just try to relax whatever happens.6.語(yǔ)言集錦
because of因?yàn)閍s a result of 由于……原因thanks to 幸虧,由于due to由于owing to因?yàn)椋捎趖herefore因此thus 這樣as a result 結(jié)果so因此
to conclude據(jù)推斷in a word總之in brief簡(jiǎn)而言之to sum up總計(jì),合計(jì)
7.高級(jí)句型結(jié)構(gòu)
◆ It句型
① It will be + some time + before…
It won’t be long before humans visit the Mars.② It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth.It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.(2008年湖北卷)
③ It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that…
1)It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.2)Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge.◆ more …than any other 表示最高級(jí)
Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than
any one else.◆ 名詞從句
① It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the
② ◆(非限制性)定語(yǔ)從句
① The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street.It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.→
(NMET 2003)
② It was quite an experience for us both,◆ 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)
① I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless ② We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting
③ Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.④ Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.◆ with結(jié)構(gòu)
① A terrible accident happened yesterday,②
◆ 倒裝句
① The library is to the east of the teaching building.→
② Although we are tired, we are happy.→
③
④ May all your dreams come true!May our friendship last till the end of the universe.!(2007年湖南卷)
◆ 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
① Opinions are divided on the question.② All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students.(2004全國(guó)卷 Ⅳ)
③ New factories, houses and roads have been built.◆ 巧妙的改寫
(1).Only 改成no one but
Only Tom passed the exam last week.→ No one but Tom passed the exam.(2).a(chǎn)s soon as …改成No sooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/The
moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.(3).have sb/sth do/done
The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken(her leg was broken.).(4).變換插入語(yǔ)的位置
① However, they suggest fees should be charged low.→
They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.(NMET 2002)
② I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well
you’ve learned Chinese.→
This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well
you’ve learned Chinese.(5).用同位語(yǔ)代替非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several
days.→
Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world.8.相關(guān)過(guò)渡語(yǔ)
1).表示時(shí)間順序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later,first of all, finally, at last…
2).表示空間順序: near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side…
3).表示比較、對(duì)照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise…
4).表示因果關(guān)系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus…
5).表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系: besides, what’s more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore,in addition, on top of…
6).表示并列關(guān)系: and, as well as, also…
7).表示總結(jié)性: in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief,to conclude…
英語(yǔ)作文常用諺語(yǔ)、俗語(yǔ)
1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth.說(shuō)謊者即使講真話也沒(méi)人相信。
2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.一知半解,自欺欺人。
3、All rivers run into sea.海納百川。
4、All roads lead to Rome.條條大路通羅馬。
5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只會(huì)用功不玩耍,聰明孩子也變傻。
6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善始者不善終。
7、Actions speak louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。
8、A faithful friend is hard to find.知音難覓。
9、A friend in need is a friend indeed.患難見(jiàn)真情。
10、A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友難,失朋友易。
11、A good beginning is half done.良好的開(kāi)端是成功的一半。
12、A good beginning makes a good ending.善始者善終。
13、A good book is a good friend.好書如摯友。
14、A good medicine tastes bitter.良藥苦口。
15、A mother's love never changes.母愛(ài)永恒。
16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一蘋果,不用請(qǐng)醫(yī)生。
17、A single flower does not make a spring.一花獨(dú)放不是春,百花齊放春滿園。
18、A year's plan starts with spring.一年之計(jì)在于春。
19、A young idler, an old beggar.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。
20、Better late than never.不怕慢,單怕站。
21、By reading we enrich the mind.讀書使人充實(shí),22、Care and diligence bring luck.謹(jǐn)慎和勤奮才能抓住機(jī)遇。
23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.自信是走向成功的第一步。
24、Custom is a second nature.習(xí)慣是后天養(yǎng)成的。
25、Custom makes all things easy.有個(gè)好習(xí)慣,事事皆不難。
26、Doing is better than saying.與其掛在嘴上,不如落實(shí)在行動(dòng)上。
27、Do nothing by halves.凡事不可半途而廢。
28、Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today.今日事,今日畢。
29、Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.不要自找麻煩。
30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.早睡早起身體好。
31、Easier said than done.說(shuō)得容易,做得難。
32、Easy come, easy go.來(lái)也匆匆,去也匆匆。
33、Eat to live, but not live to eat.人吃飯是為了活著,但活著不是為了吃飯。
34、Every man has his faults.金無(wú)足赤,人無(wú)完人。
35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune.自己的命運(yùn)自己掌握。
36、Every minute counts.分秒必爭(zhēng)。
37、Each coin has two sides.38、Fact speak louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。
39、Failure is the mother of success.失敗是成功之母。
40、God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。
41、Health is better than wealth.健康勝過(guò)財(cái)富。
42、Honesty is the best policy.做人誠(chéng)信為本。
43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.抱最好的愿望,做最壞的打算。
44、It is never too old to learn.活到老,學(xué)到老。
45、Knowledge is power.知識(shí)就是力量
46、Like mother, like daughter.有其母必有其女。
47、No pain,no gain.(不勞無(wú)獲。)
48、You never know till you have tried.不嘗試,不知曉。
49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。
50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奮是成功之母。
51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.早睡早起
使
人健康、富裕和聰穎。
52、Experience is the best teacher.經(jīng)驗(yàn)是最好的教師。
53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it.世上無(wú)難事,只怕
有
心人。
54、Where there's a will, there's a way.有志者事竟成。
55、Practice makes perfect .(熟能生巧。)
56、Pride goes before a fall.(驕傲必?cái) #?/p>
第二篇:高中英語(yǔ)作文技巧
關(guān)于英語(yǔ)作文,我先問(wèn)一下,各位考試時(shí)候英語(yǔ)作文寫什么樣字體?回答肯定各種各樣的,不過(guò)從今天起希望你們能夠統(tǒng)一!不知道你們見(jiàn)沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)掃到計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上面的英語(yǔ)作文?你們平時(shí)自認(rèn)為很瀟灑的字體放大了后是什么樣你們自己可以想象一下,什么樣的字在電腦上看最舒服,確定一定以及肯定的告訴你們,就是那種各位認(rèn)為很幼稚的字體!就是剛學(xué)英語(yǔ)的孩子寫的abcdefg,圓圓的胖胖的,很可愛(ài)的那種字體,而且千萬(wàn)要一個(gè)字母一個(gè)字母的寫,不要連在一起!也就是說(shuō)最好用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)園體。這樣說(shuō)吧,現(xiàn)在高考改卷,是把每一塊分類用掃描儀掃描放到電腦里面。比如作文那一塊,會(huì)被單獨(dú)掃出來(lái),放在電腦里以后,改卷的人看著投影儀上呈現(xiàn)出被放大了的段落,同時(shí)給出心里的分?jǐn)?shù),按下想給的分?jǐn)?shù)。幾個(gè)人的分?jǐn)?shù)會(huì)根據(jù)系統(tǒng)判斷,差別不大的話取平均值。差別大了,才會(huì)拉評(píng)分組組長(zhǎng)來(lái)看。(依舊是被屏幕放大了的字)。所以,字寫得好壞,一旦被放大,差別就不那么大了,最主要的是讓改試卷的看得清爽,眼睛不累。同時(shí)注意的是,最好不要涂涂改改,不然看起來(lái)覺(jué)得很不舒服,很麻煩。只要注意卷面清爽,就可以了。
有一點(diǎn)需要大家知道,大家知不知道高考批卷老師是怎樣批英語(yǔ)作文的?通讀文章,找華麗的句子?找語(yǔ)法應(yīng)用?挑錯(cuò)誤?扣分,分等?打分?估計(jì)你們老師是這樣告訴你們的。現(xiàn)在我告訴你實(shí)際情況!我們中國(guó)人相對(duì)于西方人有個(gè)特點(diǎn),就是第一印象認(rèn)定的事情不太愿意改!解釋一下,拿到你的作文,批卷老師大概讀一下,會(huì)在心中確立一個(gè)等級(jí),一等是21分到25分,二等是16分到20分,三等是11分到15分......最要命的是,一旦老師心中確立了你的等級(jí),就不愿意再更改了!也就是說(shuō),接下來(lái)細(xì)看你作文寫得好壞,一般也只是在相應(yīng)等級(jí)內(nèi)變動(dòng)了!換句話說(shuō),兩篇作文第一篇老師大致看一下第一印象就把它歸為一等文,接下來(lái)再細(xì)一點(diǎn)看,即使你錯(cuò)誤稍稍多一些(當(dāng)然不能多的離譜),他給你打了最低分也有21分。而第二篇作文老是拿到手大致看一眼歸為二等文,然后細(xì)看,即使寫得再怎么精彩一般也不會(huì)高于20分了。這沒(méi)什么奇怪的,這是中國(guó)人的性格特點(diǎn),換我們?nèi)ヅ碜雍芸赡芤策@樣!(我親自問(wèn)過(guò)一些批卷老師,信不信由你們)所以說(shuō),老師的一念之間,作文就會(huì)拉開(kāi)等次!我們就要想盡一切辦法給老師留下一等文的第一印象!(也就是一上來(lái)就要把老師唬住!)這樣,作文的分?jǐn)?shù),一般只是在相應(yīng)等級(jí)內(nèi)變動(dòng)了。
高考時(shí)電腦閱卷,斜體字老師看到的特別亂心,我親自看過(guò)的!
: 英文的手寫體本來(lái)就有點(diǎn)斜
: 我們老師讓我們練斜體。我越寫越爛能不能速度說(shuō)方法啊
: 那是因?yàn)楹芏嗳藢懗鰜?lái)的斜體字都是l,f,s,w之類的是斜著的,而a,i,o這些字母卻是正著寫的,寫得不好,自然就看起來(lái)亂了
: 各個(gè)字母飽滿的程度不一也是很大的問(wèn)題
同樣,也先告訴大家先敲一個(gè)警鐘!高考答題時(shí),盡量別出現(xiàn)單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤,要是比較長(zhǎng)的單詞拼錯(cuò)了還好說(shuō),那種最簡(jiǎn)單的單詞千萬(wàn)不要拼錯(cuò)!如果錯(cuò)了可能就不是扣分的問(wèn)題,也許后果很嚴(yán)重!舉個(gè)例子,假如sorry這個(gè)單詞,對(duì)不起的意思,如果你考試時(shí)拼錯(cuò)了,寫成了sarry,假如老師一下就發(fā)現(xiàn)你是單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤那還好辦,對(duì)多給你多扣一分,但大家有沒(méi)有想過(guò),批卷老師批了那么多卷子,身心已經(jīng)是非常疲憊了,突然一看見(jiàn)sarry這個(gè)單詞,可能突然會(huì)愣住了,因?yàn)樗徽J(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)單詞!然后老師仔細(xì)回憶這個(gè)單詞是什么意思,突然他反應(yīng)過(guò)來(lái)了,不是這個(gè)單詞他不認(rèn)識(shí),而是你根本就拼錯(cuò)了!這時(shí)老師很可能會(huì)認(rèn)為自己被耍了!帶來(lái)的結(jié)果很可能就是把你的作文降等!(以上是我自己推斷的,沒(méi)問(wèn)過(guò)批卷老師,不過(guò)你們可以設(shè)身處地的想一想,有沒(méi)有這種可能!)所以說(shuō),最簡(jiǎn)單的單詞,千萬(wàn)不要拼錯(cuò)!進(jìn)入正題之前,先教你們幾個(gè)當(dāng)時(shí)我最喜歡我最喜歡用的裝酷小技巧,: 錯(cuò)別字應(yīng)控制在兩個(gè)以內(nèi),盡量用熟悉的單詞和短語(yǔ)
: 我們老師說(shuō)的前幾排千萬(wàn)別寫錯(cuò)字 錯(cuò)了 分?jǐn)?shù)很低的: 的確,基本的都錯(cuò),就別說(shuō)什么檔次了。老師說(shuō)過(guò)
: 改卷時(shí)根本不會(huì)注意到個(gè)別的拼寫錯(cuò)誤,除非開(kāi)頭就錯(cuò)了很多,一般也不會(huì)為個(gè)別小錯(cuò)降檔的。
進(jìn)入正題之前,先教你們幾個(gè)當(dāng)時(shí)我最喜歡我最喜歡用的裝酷小技巧,首先就是very這個(gè)單詞,以后不要再用了,弄哪個(gè)那,extraordinary!這個(gè)單詞高中生會(huì)用的不多,不用掌握什么用法,就記住用very的地方都可以替換成這個(gè),絕對(duì)比用very拉風(fēng)!然后那,however這個(gè)單詞不知道你們掌握得好不好,教大家一個(gè)玩賴的技巧,一個(gè)句子+逗號(hào)+however+另一個(gè)句子,這里面however是沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義的,就是表轉(zhuǎn)折,但你可以用這招把兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句捏在一塊啊!短句子成長(zhǎng)句了!第三個(gè),however后面用不用逗號(hào)
第三個(gè),就是把很簡(jiǎn)單的句子,用一點(diǎn)小技巧,改成比較無(wú)恥的倒裝句!舉個(gè)例子,我不光唱歌,而且跳舞怎么說(shuō)?i not
onle sing ,but also dance,改動(dòng)一下,not only do i sing,but also dance.倒裝句!(雖然簡(jiǎn)單且無(wú)恥,但誰(shuí)敢說(shuō)這不是倒裝句?)此方法最適合倒裝句掌握的不好的同學(xué)寫出來(lái)騙批卷老師:大哥(姐)我會(huì)倒裝句!
讓文章與眾不同,那些還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠!必須先從最簡(jiǎn)單的地方著手,讓自己的文章與眾不同,就像我前面說(shuō)的能用very的地方都換成extraordinary,十個(gè)人九個(gè)用very而你用extraordinary,那你不就與眾不同了嗎!再給你們補(bǔ)充一些,重要的怎么說(shuō)?important?這是土人用的!牛人用什么?牛人用significant!由于怎么說(shuō)?as a result?土人!牛人用什么?牛人用as a consequence.所以怎么說(shuō)?so?土人!牛人怎么說(shuō)?牛人用therefore!(別看therefore這個(gè)單詞簡(jiǎn)單,知道用它代替so的同學(xué)不多啊!)舉個(gè)例子,I got up early,therefore i was late.類似的替換的單詞很多,比如以后set這個(gè)單詞不要用了,替換成establish。越來(lái)越好怎么說(shuō)? 土人也許會(huì)用better and better,牛人只用一個(gè)單詞:enhance 造個(gè)句子 we need to enhance our English,就等于better and better。好怎么說(shuō)?土人用good,比他們強(qiáng)一點(diǎn)的人也許會(huì)用great
: as a result 不是 因此的意思嗎
: I got up early,therefore i was late.“early 不是早的意思嗎? 這句話不和邏輯。
: important 也可以用vital來(lái)取代~
: 慣性思維是用improve吧?
:有結(jié)果的意思啊??= =因此和結(jié)果不是一樣嗎???= =
好怎么說(shuō)?土人用good,比他們強(qiáng)一點(diǎn)的人也許會(huì)用great,wonderful,但牛人用什么?牛人用gorgeous,更牛的人用fabulous,簡(jiǎn)單的替換一下,水平立刻顯現(xiàn)出不一樣了。不想要怎么說(shuō)?土人會(huì)用unwanted,牛人用unsatisfactory。改變?cè)趺凑f(shuō)?土人用change,牛人用transform。類似的替換技巧有很多,但由于時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)了多數(shù)都忘了,你們自己也可以總結(jié)積累一下,不要做土人,做牛人!
買賣江湖:
作為一個(gè)初三黨,來(lái)看看高考英語(yǔ)作文,本人英語(yǔ)作文也是很差。但是想問(wèn)問(wèn)樓主,這樣的轉(zhuǎn)換語(yǔ)法上毫無(wú)問(wèn)題嗎?是否會(huì)造成歧義呢?
牛人專用英語(yǔ)作文技巧貼!英語(yǔ)作文SO EASY.(持續(xù)更新中)
高考狀元8以上的問(wèn)題解決了,我們來(lái)說(shuō)一下語(yǔ)法,從句。相信很多同學(xué)掌握的不是很好,我教大家一些簡(jiǎn)單的技巧?首先弄清句子的最主要成分是什么?主語(yǔ)加謂語(yǔ)。不管大家寫多復(fù)雜的句子,一定記住不管寫多復(fù)雜的句子,沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不叫句子!接下來(lái)具體地說(shuō)語(yǔ)法的技巧:
有一個(gè)很簡(jiǎn)單的從句,叫賓語(yǔ)從句,I think that......沒(méi)有人不會(huì)用吧,不過(guò)我奉勸大家盡量別這么用,老師批10張卷子看到了8張里面有I think that不煩嗎?如果一定要用賓語(yǔ)從句的話換一種說(shuō)法:I have a thought that......別看只改動(dòng)了一點(diǎn),同位語(yǔ)從句!同樣I hear that誰(shuí)都會(huì)用吧,不過(guò)同樣誰(shuí)都會(huì)用所以我們不要用!厲害一些的人會(huì)用:It is reported that......不過(guò)真正的牛人用There is a piece of news that 同樣的意思,但明顯比I hear that要帥!還有一種從句叫定語(yǔ)從句很多人也愿意用,不過(guò)我建議大家不要用,因?yàn)槠鋵?shí)在英語(yǔ)里,定語(yǔ)從句是種挺白癡的句子,沒(méi)人說(shuō)的!(你們看美國(guó)大片時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)有人說(shuō)定語(yǔ)從句嗎?)不過(guò)如果大家非要用我教大家一個(gè)必殺!很少有人知道的!其實(shí)定語(yǔ)從句是可以并列排比的!這招湊字?jǐn)?shù)最好使,寫出來(lái)也挺酷的。
這招湊字?jǐn)?shù)最好使,寫出來(lái)也挺酷的。舉個(gè)例子,我喜歡玩籃球,然后籃球有很多種特點(diǎn),就可以把這些特點(diǎn)用定語(yǔ)從句的形式并列出來(lái):I love basketball,which is......,which is......,which is.......其實(shí)在上千年前,我們的老祖宗就會(huì)這么用了,大家學(xué)過(guò)韓愈的師說(shuō)吧,里面有句話:師者,所以傳道授業(yè)解惑也。這就是個(gè)經(jīng)典的定語(yǔ)從句,翻譯過(guò)來(lái)就是teacher is a job who傳道,who授業(yè)and who 解惑。這種定語(yǔ)從句你要是用出來(lái)絕對(duì)能嚇批卷老師一跳!
還有種用法叫后置定語(yǔ)有人感覺(jué)挺難吧,其實(shí)記住個(gè)例子就行了,穿著比基尼的女孩a girl who wears a bikini,變成a girls
wearing a bikini就行了,這就是后置定語(yǔ),很簡(jiǎn)單吧
語(yǔ)法的問(wèn)題不也解決了嗎,接下來(lái)就教大家一些細(xì)節(jié)地方上的技巧,首先因?yàn)槭裁丛趺凑f(shuō)?because 絕大多數(shù)人都用這個(gè)單詞,教大家一個(gè)很絕的用法,逗號(hào)+for 就可以代替because!舉個(gè)例子,我總聽(tīng)李孝利的歌,因?yàn)槲蚁矚g李孝利:I often hear the songs of 李孝利,for i love her 中間的逗號(hào)+for就相當(dāng)于because,同樣,掌握這個(gè)用法的同學(xué)不多!
: 可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句:for表現(xiàn)的因果關(guān)系不像because那樣強(qiáng)烈,它引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句并不說(shuō)明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因,只提供一些輔: He could not have seen me, for I was not there.他不可能見(jiàn)過(guò)我,因?yàn)槲也辉谀抢铩z不完全相同的: 瞎,for和because用法有些不同啊,上次用就被打錯(cuò)了
: a girl in bikini ,for = because ? 從沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)。俺在美國(guó)6年了。
盡管怎么說(shuō)?土人們although,而牛人用In spite of 舉個(gè)例子,盡管你是女生你也不能欺負(fù)我!In spite of the fact that you are 女生,you can't 欺負(fù) me!
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)大家掌握的都不錯(cuò)吧,一看到她媽媽,小女生一下就哭了,用when就是土人!直接寫seeing her mother,zhe girl cried
還有首先是first吧,以后大家可以寫first and foremost,和first一個(gè)意思,但看上去牛X的多,另外,用到這個(gè)用法時(shí)還可以用到一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的插入結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ),first and foremost,謂語(yǔ)這就是一個(gè)插入結(jié)構(gòu),我在前面還講了一個(gè)however吧,這個(gè)單詞放到句子中是沒(méi)什么意義的,就是為了裝酷!同樣可以用到這:主語(yǔ),however,謂語(yǔ)插入結(jié)構(gòu)!
: zhe girl cried the
: 插入結(jié)構(gòu)樓主能不能舉個(gè)具體的句子例子
: zhe girl cried 是the吧
: 非謂語(yǔ)。新東方的老師說(shuō)這是重點(diǎn)拉風(fēng)語(yǔ)法啊
: in pite of,初二就有的東西也會(huì)拉風(fēng)
都希望寫下很長(zhǎng)的句子,像個(gè)老外似的,可就是怕寫錯(cuò),怎么辦,最保險(xiǎn)的寫長(zhǎng)句的方法就是這些,可以在任何句子之間加and,但最好是前后的句子又先后關(guān)系或者并列關(guān)系。比如說(shuō):
Ienjormusicandheisfondofplayingguitar.如果是二者并列的,我們可以用一個(gè)超級(jí)句式:
Notonlythefurcoatissoft,butitisalsowarm.其它的短語(yǔ)可以用:
besides,furthermore,likewise,moreover
: 其實(shí)句子如果可以簡(jiǎn)短一點(diǎn)出錯(cuò)的幾率就小點(diǎn)...像這句”not only the fur......“ 直接寫”The fur coat is soft and warm."就行了
:他就是想麻煩,然后老師給高分
:只怕多寫多錯(cuò)
都希望寫下很長(zhǎng)的句子,像個(gè)老外似的,可就是怕寫錯(cuò),怎么辦,最保險(xiǎn)的寫長(zhǎng)句的方法就是這些,可以在任何句子之間加and,但最好是前后的句子又先后關(guān)系或者并列關(guān)系。比如說(shuō):
Ienjormusicandheisfondofplayingguitar.如果是二者并列的,我們可以用一個(gè)超級(jí)句式:
Notonlythefurcoatissoft,butitisalsowarm.其它的短語(yǔ)可以用:
besides,furthermore,likewise,moreover
批評(píng)某人缺點(diǎn)的時(shí)候,我們總習(xí)慣先拐彎抹角說(shuō)說(shuō)他的優(yōu)點(diǎn),然后轉(zhuǎn)入正題,再說(shuō)缺點(diǎn),這種方式雖然陰險(xiǎn)了點(diǎn),可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。所以呢,我們說(shuō)話的時(shí)候,只要在要點(diǎn)之前先來(lái)點(diǎn)廢話,注意二者之間用個(gè)專這次就夠了。Thecarwasquiteold,yetitwasinexcellentcondition.寫文章還是應(yīng)該寫一些實(shí)際的東西,不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實(shí)詞,少用虛詞。我這里所說(shuō)的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說(shuō)一個(gè)很好的時(shí)候,不應(yīng)該之說(shuō)nice這樣空洞的詞,應(yīng)該使用一些諸如generous,humorous,interesting,smart,gentle,warm-hearted,hospital之類的形象詞。再比如:
走出房間,general的詞是:walkoutoftheroom
有一個(gè)句式說(shuō):“?for the simple reason that?”表示某種現(xiàn)象的原因是什么。然而,很多同學(xué)一談到原因仍然是“?because?”如果要表示“總是能夠”的概念,很多同學(xué)提筆就會(huì)寫can always,但理想的句子應(yīng)該是用雙重否定表示強(qiáng)烈的肯定,用never fail to。
注意英語(yǔ)中一些表達(dá)上的習(xí)慣。比如在正式文體的寫作中,很少用 “it isn’t”這樣的略縮形式,而是 “it is not”。同理,在正式文體中的日期一般不縮寫,阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字一般會(huì)用英文表達(dá)(特別長(zhǎng)的數(shù)字除外)。
許多同學(xué)在寫作文時(shí),習(xí)慣于把 “since” “because” “for”這樣的詞放在句首引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。事實(shí)上,在我們見(jiàn)到的英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊雜志文章中,這樣的從句一般都是放在主句之后的。另外, “and”也常常被誤放在一句話的開(kāi)頭,表示兩個(gè)句子之間的并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。其實(shí),經(jīng)常留心地道的英語(yǔ)文章能發(fā)現(xiàn),如果是并列關(guān)系,完全可以不用連詞;如果是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,用 “furthermore” “what is more”更為普遍
According to(根據(jù))??題目大意??I believe that(我認(rèn)為)??你的觀點(diǎn)
2.As far as we know(我們都知道)??題目大意??from my point of view(我認(rèn)為)??你的觀點(diǎn)First(首先)??second(其次)??at last(最后)??
First(首先)??and then(然后)??in conclusion(最后,總之)
As far as we know(我們都知道)??moreover(而且,此外)??
specially(特 別是)??inconclusion(最后,總之)表并列:similarly同樣的 / in the same way 以同樣的方式表轉(zhuǎn)折:however/but 但是
表對(duì)比:not that ?but that?不是?而是?/ one hand?.on the other hand一方面?另一方面?/ unlike?與?不同/not so much?.as?與其?不如?
表目的:for the???.為了?
表因果:therefore因此,所有/ so 所以
表例證:for example
例如
表假設(shè):if 如果
表讓步:although?雖然??(注意:后不可接but!雖然但是不可這樣連用)/of course 當(dāng)然?/clearly?顯然?all in all(總的來(lái)說(shuō))??
by and large(總的來(lái)說(shuō))?? +in my opinion(我認(rèn)為)?? no matter how(不管怎樣)?? on the whole(總的來(lái)說(shuō))
回復(fù)299樓!如果基礎(chǔ)實(shí)在是太爛,原來(lái)只得個(gè)位數(shù)字的分?jǐn)?shù),有一個(gè)好辦法最少能得13—14分。你只要做到如下兩點(diǎn):
1、卷面:寫好你的每一個(gè)單詞,先在費(fèi)紙上打草稿,然后往答題紙上抄,抄的過(guò)程要字大(字母寫的圓一點(diǎn),不要斜著)行稀,并且上下對(duì)應(yīng)工整,每行的單詞數(shù)量固定,就像是在稿紙上那樣對(duì)應(yīng),每一行八九個(gè)單詞就恰到好處,然后把答題紙上的所有行都寫滿,最多空一行!(因?yàn)槔蠋熍芯碜硬粫?huì)數(shù)單詞數(shù)量的,老師認(rèn)為你只要把所有空白地方寫滿就算單詞夠了,不然你寫的密密麻麻,寫的再多也算不夠數(shù)量)2為了避免語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤還有不會(huì)寫單詞,全部用簡(jiǎn)單句,一句話一句話的寫,但要注意加幾個(gè)短語(yǔ),句中加幾個(gè)Althouth.舉例用for example最后一段開(kāi)頭用In a word總結(jié)等等?加幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)就能提2~3分!以上內(nèi)容只適合英語(yǔ)作文個(gè)位數(shù)的同鞋
相關(guān)過(guò)渡語(yǔ)
1).表示時(shí)間順序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later,first of all, finally, at last?
2).表示空間順序: near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side?
3).表示比較、對(duì)照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise?
4).表示因果關(guān)系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus?
5).表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系: besides, what’s more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore, in addition, on top of?
6).表示并列關(guān)系: and, as well as, also?
7).表示總結(jié)性: in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief, to conclude
接下來(lái)是替換篇,讓一些常用的單詞換種酷形式!牛人都必會(huì)的,堅(jiān)決不做土人!
1.occur 替換 think of
Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.→
An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2.devote替換spend
He spends all his spare time in reading.→
He devotes all his spare time to reading.3.seek替換want / look for
They sought(wanted)to hide themselves behind the trees.4.a(chǎn)verage 替換ordinary
I’m an average(ordinary)student.5.but替換very
The film we saw last night was very interesting.→
The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.6.seat 替換sit
On his way to school, he found an old lady seated(sitting)by the road, looking worried.7.suppose 替換should
He is supposed to(should)have driven more slowly.8.a(chǎn)ppreciate 替換thank
Thank you very much for you help.→
We appreciate your help very much./ Your help is much appreciated.9.the case替換 true I don’t think it is the case(true).10.on替換as soon as
As soon as he arrived, he began his research.→ On his arrival, he began his research..11.due to替換because of
He arrived late due to(because of)the storm.12.cover替換walk/read
After covering(walking)10 miles, we all felt tired.13.contribute to替換 be helpful/useful
Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study.→
Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.14.round the corner 替換 coming soon/ nearby
① The summer vacation is round the corner(coming).Do you have any plans?
② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner(nearby).15.come to light替換discover
The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels.→
The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16.have a ball替換have a good time/ enjoy oneself
After visiting the workshop, we went back to school.Every one of us had a ball(had a good time).17.come up with替換think of
Jack is very clever.He often comes up with(thinks of)new ideas.18.set aside替換save
Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.(2004天津卷)
19.be of + n.替換adj.The products are of high quality(very good)and are sold everywhere in China.20.refer to 替換talk about/of, mention
The professor you referred to(talked about)is very famous.21.can not but / can not help but替換have to do
I could not but(had to)go home.22.more often than not替換usually
More often than not(Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.23.lest替換so that /in order that
I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it.→
I wrote down his telephone number lest I(should)forget it.24.be long for sth./ be long to do sth.替換want to do sth./wish forI want to see you very much.→
I am long to see you.25.be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替換be interested in He is caught up in(very interested in)collecting stamps
26.more than替換very
① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September.→
I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help
27.perfect(ly)替換good/ very wellHe speaks perfect(good)English./ He speaks English perfectly(very well).28.do sb a/the favor 替換helpWould you please do me the favor(help me)to turn down the radio?
29.the other day替換a few days agoThe other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.30.in the course of替換duringIn the course of(During)the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.31.the majority of替換most
32.consist of替換be made up ofOur class consists of(is made up of)50 students.33.be worn out替換 be tired / broken
① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out(tired).② My shoes are worn out(broken).Please buy me a new pair.34.become of替換 happenWhat do think has become of(happened to)him ?
35.a(chǎn)ttend to替換look after36.on condition that替換as long as37.nevertheless替換however
38.express one’s satisfaction with替換be satisfied with
41.be rushed off one’s feet 替換be busy in doing42.a(chǎn) handful of替換a little / some
43.meanwhile替換at the same time44.get to one’s feet替換stand up
45.beneath替換under46.occasionally替換sometimes /once in while
47.for instance替換for example48.seldom替換not often
49.wealthy替換 rich50.a(chǎn)mazing替換surprising51.a(chǎn)s a matter of fact 替換in fact
第三篇:2017高中英語(yǔ)作文高分技巧
2017高考英語(yǔ)作文
一、全國(guó)卷《考試說(shuō)明》對(duì)書面表達(dá)的要求
1.準(zhǔn)確使用語(yǔ)法和詞匯
2.使用一定的句型、詞匯,清楚、連貫地表達(dá)自己的意思 【高考作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)/高考作文評(píng)分原則-總則】 1.本題總分為25分,按5個(gè)檔次給分。
2.評(píng)分時(shí),先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言初步確定其所屬檔次,然后以該檔次的要求來(lái)衡量,確定或調(diào)整檔次,最后給分。
3.詞數(shù)少于 80和多于 120的,從總分中減去2分。
4.評(píng)分時(shí),應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為:內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、應(yīng)用詞匯和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和準(zhǔn)確性、上下文的連貫性及語(yǔ)言的得體性。
5.拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)方面,評(píng)分時(shí),應(yīng)視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫漢詞匯用法均可接受。6.如書寫較差,以至影響交際,將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。
7.內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)可用不同方式表達(dá),對(duì)緊扣主題的適當(dāng)發(fā)揮不予扣分。
二、全國(guó)卷“五檔”作文
1.各個(gè)檔次的給分范圍及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(滿分25分)
A.第五檔(很好):(21-25分)1.完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2.覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。3.應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。4.語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤,但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致;具備較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。5.有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分,使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。6.完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。
B.第四檔(好):(16-20分)1.完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2.雖漏掉1、2個(gè)次重點(diǎn),但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。3.應(yīng)用的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。4.語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面應(yīng)用基本準(zhǔn)確,些許錯(cuò)誤主要是因嘗試較復(fù)雜語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致。5.應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)句間的連接成分,使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。6.達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。
C.第三檔(適當(dāng)):(11-15分)1.基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2.雖漏掉一些內(nèi)容,但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。3.應(yīng)用的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。4.有一些語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤,但不影響理解。5.應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)句間的連接成分,使全文內(nèi)容連貫。6.整體而言,基本達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。
D.第二檔(較差):(6-10分)1.未恰當(dāng)完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2.漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要內(nèi)容,寫了一些無(wú)關(guān)內(nèi)容。3.語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)、詞匯項(xiàng)目有限。4.有一些語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤,影響了對(duì)寫作內(nèi)容的理解。5.較少使用語(yǔ)句間的連接成分,內(nèi)容缺少連貫性。6.信息未能清楚地傳達(dá)給讀者。
E.第一檔(差):(1-5分)1.未完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2.明顯遺漏主要內(nèi)容,寫了一些無(wú)關(guān)內(nèi)容,原因可能是未理解試題要求。3.語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)、詞匯項(xiàng)目有限。4.較多語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤,影響對(duì)寫作內(nèi)容的理解。5.缺乏語(yǔ)句間的連接成分,內(nèi)容不連貫。6.信息未能傳達(dá)給讀者。
F.不得分:(0分)未能傳達(dá)給讀者任何信息:內(nèi)容太少,無(wú)法評(píng)判;寫的內(nèi)容均與所要求內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)或所寫內(nèi)容無(wú)法看清。
2.“五檔”作文如何抓——培養(yǎng)能力
⑴抓“應(yīng)用了較多的詞匯”:詞性多樣、詞匯高級(jí)、短語(yǔ)豐富。
⑵抓“應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)”:高中階段主要有感嘆句、倒裝句、復(fù)合句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)等。
⑶抓“有效使用連接成分”:合理使用連詞、連接副詞等,使段與段、句與句之間形成明晰的、合乎邏輯的順序組織與安排,做到文意與結(jié)構(gòu)上層次分明、條理清楚。
⑷抓“完成規(guī)定的任務(wù)”:對(duì)于題干、要點(diǎn)提示、注意事項(xiàng)以及參考詞匯要做好全面讀題,定好時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、文體等,確保完成規(guī)定任務(wù)。
三、高考作文如何升
1.運(yùn)用四大原則
⑴具體性原則在掌握了一定詞匯量后,具體的表達(dá)往往比泛泛而談更能吸引閱卷老師的眼光。eg:He is a good man.→He is a kind-hearted/friendly man.⑵新穎性原則寫作時(shí)如果能恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用高中學(xué)過(guò)的但別人可能想不到的詞匯,必能給閱卷老師帶來(lái)耳目一新的感覺(jué)。eg:A good relationship between teachers and students is good for our study.→A good relationship between teachers and students is beneficial to our study.⑶短語(yǔ)優(yōu)先原則多使用詞組、習(xí)語(yǔ)代替一些同義或近義單詞。
eg:As the number of Chinese learners is increasing,Chinese culture will be more popular.→As the number of Chinese learners is on the rise,Chinese culture will be more popular.⑷多樣化原則在一篇作文中盡量避免過(guò)多地重復(fù)使用某一詞匯,要使用多種詞匯表達(dá)同一意思。eg:I like watching TV while my brother likes reading.→I like watching TV while my brotherenjoys reading.2.利用高級(jí)詞匯,照亮閱卷人眼
現(xiàn)總結(jié)10例由普通詞匯向高分詞匯的轉(zhuǎn)化: ① first→to begin/start with首先 ②finally→last but not least最后 ③course→curriculum課程
④hard-working→diligent勤奮的 ⑤shortcoming→drawback缺點(diǎn) ⑥difficult→painstaking艱難的 ⑦immediately→in a flash立即
⑧interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing有趣的 ⑨be sad→be cast down傷心
⑩think→take the attitude that/harbor the idea that認(rèn)為 3.頻變句型結(jié)構(gòu),增強(qiáng)得分支撐
⑴肯定不如雙否好eg:The postman comes on time every Sunday.→The postman never fails to come every Sunday.⑵陳述不如倒裝妙 ①以否定詞開(kāi)頭,使用部分倒裝eg:I will never give up.→Never will I give up.【歸納】常見(jiàn)的否定詞(組):not,never,seldom,hardly,little,no sooner,in no case,at no time,by no means,in no way,in no sense,on no account,under no circumstance等。
②以地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭,使用完全倒裝eg:The library is in the center of our school.→In the center of our school lies the library.③“only+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首,使用部分倒裝eg:Only in this way can I make progress.④as/though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句eg:Much as he enjoys it,he doesn't want to buy it.⑶主動(dòng)不如被動(dòng)巧多使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),能使表達(dá)更地道,更接地氣。
eg:We can borrow at most five books at a time,and we can keep them for six days.→At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for six days.⑷非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)不能少在平時(shí),考生應(yīng)多背一些好詞好句。特別是含有非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,在語(yǔ)境中理解它們的用法,只有這樣,寫作時(shí)才能得心應(yīng)手。同時(shí),在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中,考生也應(yīng)大膽使用非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),以提高熟練度。
第四篇:高中英語(yǔ)作文寫作經(jīng)典技巧
作文經(jīng)典寫作技巧
高考英語(yǔ)話題作文模版
Nowadays, there are more and more(某種現(xiàn)象)in(某種場(chǎng)合).It is estimated that(相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)).Why have there been so many(某種現(xiàn)象)? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is(原因一).Besides,(原因二).The third one is(原因
三).To sum up, the main cause of(某種現(xiàn)象)is due to(最主要原因).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing,(解決辦法一).On the other hand,(解決辦法二).All these measures will certainly reduce the number of(某種現(xiàn)象).高考英語(yǔ)文章主體段落三大殺手锏
舉實(shí)例 思維短路,舉實(shí)例!提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),舉實(shí)例!提出一個(gè)方案,舉實(shí)例!而且者也是我們揭示一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)最好的方式,任何情況下,只要我們無(wú)法繼續(xù)文章,不管三七二十一,盡管舉例子!in order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance.for instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.更多句型:to take … as an example, one example is…, another example is…, for example
二、做比較 方法:寫完一個(gè)要點(diǎn),比較與之相似的;又寫完一個(gè)要點(diǎn),再比較與之相反的; 世界上沒(méi)有同樣的指紋,沒(méi)有相同的樹(shù)葉,文章亦同,只有通過(guò)比較,你才會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)二者的相同點(diǎn)(through comparison)和不同點(diǎn)(through contrast)。下面是一些短語(yǔ): 相似的比較: in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 相反的比較: on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …
三、換言之 沒(méi)話說(shuō)了,可以換一句話再說(shuō),讓你的文章在多一些字,或者文鄒鄒地說(shuō),是讓讀者更充分的理解你的觀點(diǎn)。實(shí)際就是重復(fù)重復(fù)再重復(fù)!下面的句子實(shí)際上就三個(gè)字 i love you!i am enthusiastic about you.that is to say, i love you.i am wild about you.in other words, i have fallen in love with you.或者上面我們舉過(guò)的例子: i cannot bear it.可以用短語(yǔ)表達(dá):i cannot put up with it.因此可以這樣說(shuō):i cannot bear it.that is to say, i cannot put up with it or i am fed up with it.更多短語(yǔ): in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply
高考英語(yǔ)作文開(kāi)頭萬(wàn)能公式
開(kāi)頭萬(wàn)能公式一:名人名言 有人問(wèn)了,“我沒(méi)有記住名言,怎么辦?尤其是英語(yǔ)名言?”,很好辦:編!原理:我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的,包括我們欣賞的文章也是,所以盡管編,但是一定要聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有道理呦!而且沒(méi)準(zhǔn)將來(lái)我們就是名人呢!對(duì)吧? 經(jīng)典句型: a proberb says, “ you are only young once.”(適用于已記住的名言)it goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.(適用于自編名言)更多經(jīng)典句型:as everyone knows, no one can deny that… 2. 開(kāi)頭萬(wàn)能公式二:數(shù)字統(tǒng)計(jì) 原理:要想更有說(shuō)服力,就應(yīng)該用實(shí)際的數(shù)字來(lái)說(shuō)明。原則上在議論文當(dāng)中十不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的,可是在考試的時(shí)候哪管那三七二十一,但編無(wú)妨,只要我有東西寫就萬(wàn)事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型: according to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起來(lái)這個(gè)數(shù)字文鄒鄒的,其實(shí)都是編造出來(lái)的,下面隨便幾個(gè)題目我們都可以這樣編造: honesty 根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)
查顯示,大學(xué)生向老師請(qǐng)假的理由當(dāng)中78%都是假的。travel by bike 根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示,85%的人在近距離旅行的時(shí)候首選的交通工具是自行車。youth 根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示,在某個(gè)大學(xué),學(xué)生的課余時(shí)間的70%都是在休閑娛樂(lè)。five-day work week better than six-day work? 根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型: a recent statistics shows that … 高考英語(yǔ)作文結(jié)尾萬(wàn)能公式
結(jié)尾萬(wàn)能公式一:如此結(jié)論 說(shuō)完了,畢竟要?dú)w納一番,相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長(zhǎng)篇大論,到最后終于冒出個(gè)“總而言之”之類的話,我們馬上停止開(kāi)小差,等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說(shuō)結(jié)束語(yǔ)。也就是說(shuō),開(kāi)頭很好,也必然要有一個(gè)精彩的結(jié)尾,讓讀者眼前一亮,這樣,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: obviously(此為過(guò)渡短語(yǔ)), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果讀者很難“顯而見(jiàn)之”,但說(shuō)無(wú)妨,就當(dāng)讀者的眼光太淺罷了!更多過(guò)渡短語(yǔ): to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型: thus, it can be concluded that…, therefore, we can find that… 2. 結(jié)尾萬(wàn)能公式二:如此建議 如果說(shuō)“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾最沒(méi)用的廢話,那么“如此建議”應(yīng)該是最有價(jià)值的廢話了,因?yàn)檫@里雖然也是廢話,但是卻用了一個(gè)很經(jīng)典的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型。拽!obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.這里的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用得很經(jīng)典,因?yàn)榭脊俦緛?lái)經(jīng)常考這個(gè)句型,而如果我們自己寫出來(lái),你說(shuō)考官會(huì)怎么想呢? 更多句型: accordingly, i recommend that some measures be taken.consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.高考英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)十練與范文
(1)說(shuō)明:今天是星期天,爸爸。媽媽和我,叔叔、嬸嬸和妹妹都去看爺爺和奶奶。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下圖內(nèi)容寫一日記。注意:日記須包括所有圖畫的內(nèi)容,可適當(dāng)增加某些情節(jié),使短文連貫。字?jǐn)?shù)100左右。
One possible version:This afternoon all of us went to see Grandparents.My father and mother brought them something delicious.My grandparents were in poor healthy so my uncle and aunt brought them the medicine they wanted.My mother and aunt said they would prepare the supper and we had a talk with Grandparents in the sitting room.My little sister and I told them that we were getting on well with our studies and they were very happy.Supper was ready, and all of us gave our best wishes to Grandparents.On our way home I was thinking I should often go to see them on Sundays.(2)李華在放學(xué)回家的路上經(jīng)歷了一次撲滅火災(zāi)的經(jīng)過(guò),請(qǐng)根據(jù)下圖內(nèi)容寫一短文。注意:短文須包括所有圖畫的內(nèi)容,可適當(dāng)增加某些情節(jié),使短文連貫。字?jǐn)?shù)100左右。已給出短文第一句。One possible version:One day Li Hua saw a big fire break out on his way home from school.The firefighters tried their best to control the fire.With the help of the firefighters a lot of people left the building safely.At that time, a foreign woman came in a hurry to tell the firefighters something.But they didn't understand what she said.Li Hua came to the woman and asked her what had happened.The woman told Li Hua that her daughter was still in the building.Li Hua told the firefighters about it at once.They immediately ran into the building.Two minutes later they rushed out with the little girl.The foreign woman was very thankful to Li Hua and the firefighters for their help.(3)
One possible version:Xiaoming used to send a lot of cards to his friends at new year time.But one day he read a report in the newspaper,which said that cards are made from trees and that at present more and more trees have been cut down leading to serious floods in some areas.Xiaoming felt shocked at the report in the newspaper and realized the importance of protecting trees.From now on he decides to send his wishes to his friends by telephone instead of sending cards.to his friends at new year time
(4)書面表達(dá)一致辭類假如史密斯先生是你校聘請(qǐng)的外籍英語(yǔ)教師,現(xiàn)在聘期已滿,下周就要回倫敦。明天你們要開(kāi)一個(gè)歡送會(huì),對(duì)史密斯先生表示歡送和感謝。現(xiàn)在,請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)寫一篇?dú)g送詞。1.感謝史密斯先生二年來(lái)的辛勤工作;2.平易近人,和藹可親;3.對(duì)學(xué)生既嚴(yán)格又耐心;4.上課生動(dòng)有趣,大家喜歡上他的課;5.學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)水平有了很大的提高;6.祝他身體健康,一路平安。注意:1.格式要求正確;2.必須包括所有要點(diǎn),但可適當(dāng)增減細(xì)節(jié),使內(nèi)容連貫。3.詞數(shù)100個(gè)左右。
One possible version: Dear friends,How times flies!It is two years since Mr Smith came to our school.He will leave for London next week.In the past two years, Mr Smith has worked hard.He was strict with us in our English learning and always ready to help us with patience.He made his classes so lively and interesting that all of us enjoyed every minute of them.Our English hasbeen improved greatly because of his creative work.Now, we' d like to express our thanks to him.We wish him a pleasant journey home and good health.Thank you.(5)書面表達(dá)-活動(dòng)安排你3月15日(星期六)一天的活動(dòng)安排如下,請(qǐng)根據(jù)此活動(dòng)安排用英語(yǔ)寫一篇日記。時(shí)間地點(diǎn)活動(dòng)安排 8:00校門口歡迎德國(guó)學(xué)生(約30人)到校參觀訪問(wèn)8:30-9:30體育館聯(lián)歡會(huì)(get-together),交換禮品9:30-10:30校園內(nèi)參觀教學(xué)樓、實(shí)驗(yàn)樓、宿舍樓等10:30-11:30籃球場(chǎng)友誼籃球賽12:00校門口歡送德國(guó)學(xué)生離校14:00-17:00數(shù)家書店和同學(xué)一塊購(gòu)買書籍和磁帶等注意:詞數(shù)100左右。生詞:交換exchange;體育館gymnasium、One possible version:March 15SaturdayFineAbout thirty German students came to visit our school today.We gathered at the school gate at 8 o'clock to give them a warm welcome.Then we had a get-together in the gymasium.Our headmaster told them something about our school.And then we talked with each other and exchanged gifts.From nine thirty we showed them around ourschool.They visited our classroom buildings ,the lad building ,and the dorm-tories.A friendly basketball game started on the sports ground at ten thirty.At twelve o'clock all German students left our school.6)會(huì)議通知1.某中學(xué)將有一位美國(guó)教授布菜克博士來(lái)訪,該教授將給師生們作一次報(bào)告,介紹美國(guó)的教育情況。學(xué)校要求同學(xué)們?cè)谛瞧谌挛?:30準(zhǔn)時(shí)到105大教室參加報(bào)告會(huì),并帶上筆記本,以便會(huì)后討論。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)上面要點(diǎn),用英語(yǔ)寫一通知。(字?jǐn)?shù):80左右)參考詞語(yǔ)美國(guó)教授American professor有關(guān)教育的報(bào)告a report on education 作筆記to take notes 討論to have a discussion NoticeAn American professor, Dr Black will visit our school this Wednesday afternoon.He will give us a report on the education in America.Everyone is supposed to be in Room 105, the big classroom exactly at 2:30 p.m.Wednesday.Please bring your notebooks with you and take notes while listening to the lecture, so
that we can have a discussion about it after it is over.(7)郊游通知[題 材]假如你是高三(2)班班長(zhǎng),你班要在5月4日即下星期六去廬山郊游。請(qǐng)你擬一份通知,準(zhǔn)備向同學(xué)們宣讀。內(nèi)容包括:
1、郊游日期:5月4日,下星期六;
2、主要內(nèi)容:攀登比賽、攝影等;
3、早餐后8點(diǎn)坐校車出發(fā),午餐自帶,下午3點(diǎn)回校;
4、歡迎全體同學(xué)參加。凡參加者先登記并交給班長(zhǎng)5元錢。注意:通知詞數(shù)約70—120。要求意思連貫。[范 文]An Outing to LushanAn AnnouncementClass, please be quiet.I am glad to tell you that we have decided to have an outing to Lushan next Saturday, May 4th.The expense is about five yuan.Those who wish to go should put down the names on this piece of paper and give the money to me.We will go by school bus which is to start after breakfast at 8:00 a.m.and come back to school at 3:00 p.m..Remember to bring your lunch with you.We’ll have a contest of climbing the hill and take photos there.All the students are welcome.That’s all.Thank you.Monitor Class 2 of Senior Grade 3
(8)晚會(huì)通知假如你是班長(zhǎng),通知你班同學(xué)本周星期六晚上7:30—在本班教室舉行一次英語(yǔ)晚會(huì),節(jié)目有唱歌、朗誦、講故事、話劇等,要求本班同學(xué)都參加,歡迎外班同學(xué)光臨,請(qǐng)同學(xué)們作好準(zhǔn)備。(字?jǐn)?shù):80左右)參考詞語(yǔ)朗誦recitation 節(jié)目programme(或program)歡迎to be welcomed表演 to performFellow students, attention, please.I have some good news to tell you.We’re going to have an English evening, in our classroom at 7:30 on Saturday evening.The programme inclides songs, recitations, storytelling and short plays.Everyone in our clas must take part in it and students form other classed are also welcome.Everone who takes part in the party should perform once.That’s all.Thank you.(10)游玩的通知請(qǐng)你以學(xué)生會(huì)名義,根據(jù)下面表格的內(nèi)容寫一則去人民公園游玩的通知。參加者高二年級(jí)全體學(xué)生活動(dòng)內(nèi)容1.12月28日,周六去人民公園,上午瀏覽東湖;2.中午在湖邊野餐;3.下午參觀植物園(the botanical garden).集合時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)早上6:50在校門集合;7:00開(kāi)車。注意事項(xiàng)1.穿運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋;2.自帶午餐和飲料;3.如有可能,每班帶1——2部照相機(jī);4.準(zhǔn)時(shí)集合。注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右。2.通知的格式已寫出。Notice Attention, please.NoticeAttention, please.The students of Senior Grade Two will go to the people’s Park for an outing on December 28,Saturday.In the morning ,we will visit the East Lake.We’ll have a picnic by the lake at noon.After that , we’ll visit the botanical garden.Please wear your sports shoes ,and take your lunch and drinks with you ,If possible ,each class can take a couple of cameras along so that you can take some pictures of the beautiful sights.We are to meet at the school gate at 6:50 a.m.The buses will start at 7:00 a.m.Don’t be late.The Student’s Union
第五篇:高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)技巧
哈爾濱一對(duì)一天材教育
高中英語(yǔ)尖子生與非尖子生在學(xué)習(xí)策略上的差異
近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)界對(duì)外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)策略的研究方興未艾。學(xué)習(xí)者學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)不再被看作被動(dòng)地吸收知識(shí),而應(yīng)有意識(shí)地、積極主動(dòng)地在課內(nèi)外運(yùn)用學(xué)習(xí)策略,輔助語(yǔ)言習(xí)得。各種理論模式也將學(xué)習(xí)策略作為論對(duì)他們自身的學(xué)習(xí)行為有著直接的影響。如果調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)者的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)行為,必須使他們的觀念發(fā)生改變(文秋芳,1995)。策略是指學(xué)習(xí)者為有效學(xué)習(xí)所采取的措施,這種行為可以是外部活動(dòng),也可能是內(nèi)部活動(dòng)。策略分為管理策略與語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)策略。前者與語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程的管理有關(guān),后者與語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)材料發(fā)生直接的關(guān)系。
高中英語(yǔ)課程的總目標(biāo)是使學(xué)生在義務(wù)教育階段英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步明確學(xué)習(xí)的目的,發(fā)展自主學(xué)習(xí)和合作學(xué)習(xí)的能力;形成有效的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)策略;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)學(xué)習(xí)策略是指學(xué)生為了有效地學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言和使用語(yǔ)言而采取的各種行動(dòng)和步驟。英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)策略包括認(rèn)知策略、調(diào)控策略、交際策略和資源策略等。認(rèn)知策略是指學(xué)生為了完成具體學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)而采取的步驟和方法;調(diào)控策略是指學(xué)生計(jì)劃、實(shí)施、評(píng)價(jià)和調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程或?qū)W習(xí)結(jié)果的策略;交際策略是指學(xué)生為了爭(zhēng)取更多的交際機(jī)會(huì)、維持交際以及提高交際效果而采取的各種策略;資源策略是指學(xué)生合理并有效地利用多種媒體在的中學(xué),尤其是像我們這樣的示范性高中,更需要我們?nèi)ヌ骄坑⒄Z(yǔ)尖子生的學(xué)習(xí)策略,從而培養(yǎng)大量的英語(yǔ)尖子生。
高中學(xué)生已走近成年,人際交往、社會(huì)體驗(yàn)都會(huì)不斷擴(kuò)展。因此,高中學(xué)生應(yīng)該積極利用多種渠道使用英語(yǔ),在真實(shí)交際中培養(yǎng)有效的交際策略。同時(shí),高中學(xué)生應(yīng)在義務(wù)教育階段有所培養(yǎng)的自主學(xué)習(xí)能力的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步掌握資源策略,學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立地獲取信息和資料,并能加以整理、分析、歸納和總結(jié),從而擴(kuò)展知識(shí)、開(kāi)闊視野、充實(shí)生活,更自覺(jué)地規(guī)劃自己的人生道路。下表是七級(jí)學(xué)習(xí)策略的分級(jí)目標(biāo)。
級(jí)別 策略 類型目標(biāo)描述
七級(jí) 認(rèn)知策略
1.借助聯(lián)想建立相關(guān)知識(shí)之間的聯(lián)系;
2.利用推理、歸納等邏輯手段分析和解決問(wèn)題;
3.善于總結(jié)所接觸語(yǔ)言材料中的語(yǔ)言規(guī)律并加以應(yīng)用;
4.在學(xué)習(xí)中,善于抓住重點(diǎn)、做好筆記,并能對(duì)所學(xué)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行整理和歸納;
5.在聽(tīng)和讀的過(guò)程中,借助情景和上下文猜測(cè)詞義或推測(cè)段落大意;
6.在學(xué)習(xí)中借助圖表等非語(yǔ)言信息進(jìn)行理解或表達(dá)。
七級(jí) 調(diào)控策略
3.交際中,善于克服語(yǔ)言障礙,維持交際;
4.善于利用各種機(jī)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行真實(shí)交際;
5.在交際中注意并遵守英語(yǔ)交際的基本禮儀。
七級(jí) 資源策略
通過(guò)圖書館、計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、廣播、電視等資源獲得更廣泛的英語(yǔ)信息,擴(kuò)展所學(xué)知識(shí)。
本文要回答的問(wèn)題是:
1.高中英語(yǔ)尖子生與非尖子生在學(xué)習(xí)策略上存在著什么差異?
2.高中英語(yǔ)尖子生是通過(guò)什么學(xué)習(xí)方法取得成功的?
二.研究方案
2.1.研究對(duì)象天材教育
參加個(gè)案研究的學(xué)生有尖子生、廣州二模、高考熱身試中,王琳的英語(yǔ)成績(jī)分別為110分、115分、113分,而何小燕的成績(jī)分別為143分、138分、137分。在最后的高考中何小燕取得了132分的高分,進(jìn)入了江門五邑地區(qū)單科前10名。而王琳只得了110分。鑒于王琳和何小燕的其他情況基本相仿,造成她們學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)明顯差異的原因似乎可以歸因于學(xué)習(xí)策略上的不同。
2.2.?dāng)?shù)據(jù)收集
本研究參考了文秋芳《英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)成功者與不成功者在方法上的差異》的研究方法和數(shù)據(jù)的收集方法。在個(gè)案研究時(shí),何小燕和王琳參加了面談和問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。
問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的題目:
三.結(jié)果:
3.1.認(rèn)知策略上的差異
當(dāng)何小燕被問(wèn)及如何處理閱讀材料中的新單詞時(shí),她說(shuō)如果單詞不怎么重要,她是不查字典的,因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為如果讀到一半,就停下來(lái)查字典會(huì)影響她對(duì)文章的完整的理解。在讀教材時(shí),她先把課文通讀一遍,猜生詞的意思,不用字典。在閱讀材料時(shí)從上下文猜測(cè)詞義是做閱讀的必備能力。但讀第二遍的時(shí)候,她才用字典記生詞。除了看詞義的解釋外,還看短語(yǔ)和例句。
通過(guò)對(duì)王琳的面談得知王琳在閱讀材料時(shí)很少通過(guò)上下文猜測(cè)單詞的詞義,她在閱讀的時(shí)候一遇到單詞就查字典,而且把生詞記在筆記本上,這樣她讀一篇文章要花很多時(shí)間,而且讀完后也不知道它說(shuō)什么,因此對(duì)閱讀失去了興趣。她很少對(duì)學(xué)過(guò)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)進(jìn)行整理、歸納。她上課時(shí)喜歡把老師在黑板上或幻燈片上所講的內(nèi)容全部記下來(lái),因?yàn)楹ε驴荚嚨臅r(shí)候考到里面的內(nèi)容。這樣一來(lái),她上課只是記筆記,而忽視了聽(tīng)老師講解。
3.2.調(diào)控策略上的差異
何小燕能根據(jù)學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)展情況,調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃和目標(biāo),尤其是在暑假和寒假時(shí)間比較充裕的時(shí)候制定。因?yàn)橛?jì)劃是學(xué)習(xí)的導(dǎo)航。她在學(xué)習(xí)中遇到困難時(shí),經(jīng)常向老師請(qǐng)教。她說(shuō)遇到困難時(shí)問(wèn)老師能解決一類這樣的問(wèn)題,而問(wèn)同學(xué)只能解決一道題。在考試考得不理想時(shí),她會(huì)分析失敗循記憶規(guī)律。她采用一系列記憶方法對(duì)記憶效果很有幫助。學(xué)生首先要對(duì)自己的記憶過(guò)程自覺(jué)進(jìn)行規(guī)劃和管理;其次,在記單詞的過(guò)程中不僅要下苦功,也要下巧功,多種方法互為補(bǔ)充,達(dá)到最好的效果;記完單詞,還要多用多練,定期復(fù)習(xí)(王文宇,1998)。而王琳只是孤立、枯燥無(wú)味地去記單詞,而沒(méi)有把單詞放到課文中去記憶,也很少對(duì)單詞進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)和鞏固。
3.3.交際策略上的差異
當(dāng)何小燕被問(wèn)及如何提高自己的口語(yǔ)能力時(shí),她作了如下的描述:
我上課非常積極,因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為這是練習(xí)口語(yǔ)的好機(jī)會(huì)。我也喜歡下課和同學(xué)用英語(yǔ)東拉西扯或和老師用英語(yǔ)聊天,我還喜歡模仿電視上的口語(yǔ),歌曲中的腔調(diào),學(xué)rap。在英語(yǔ)會(huì)話時(shí),如有生詞想不起來(lái),我會(huì)用手勢(shì)或簡(jiǎn)單的英語(yǔ)解釋。假如不知道如何用英語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)自己,我就問(wèn)別人而不采用回避的方法。這些都體現(xiàn)了何小燕在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中能充分地運(yùn)用交際策略。第一,她能利用各種機(jī)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交際,在課內(nèi)外活動(dòng)中積極勇于與同學(xué)交流。第二,她在交際中通過(guò)用英語(yǔ)解釋克服交際中的語(yǔ)言障礙,而不采用回避的策略。
面談中,王琳卻是這樣回答同一個(gè)問(wèn)題的:
在課堂上,我害怕講錯(cuò),被同學(xué)譏笑,不愿回答問(wèn)題。當(dāng)老師叫我們4人一個(gè)小組討論時(shí),我如果想不起某個(gè)英文單詞時(shí),我就用中文或干脆不講。課外我也很少和同學(xué)用英語(yǔ)交流,因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)得這樣很別扭。從這一點(diǎn)我們可以看出,使用母語(yǔ)策略越多的人英語(yǔ)
成績(jī)的得分可能越低,完全依賴母語(yǔ)策略有礙英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的進(jìn)步。應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)減少對(duì)母語(yǔ)的依賴程度。因此我們英語(yǔ)教師在設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)活動(dòng)時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)言的難度,因?yàn)楫?dāng)學(xué)生所要完成的任務(wù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出自己的英語(yǔ)水平時(shí),就不得不依賴于母語(yǔ)。(文秋芳,王海嘯,1996)。我們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)活動(dòng)中既要重視尖子生,也要考慮到非尖子生。
3.4.資源策略上的差異
當(dāng)問(wèn)到“你是否閱讀過(guò)什么課外英語(yǔ)讀物?如何在課外進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練的?”何小燕是這樣說(shuō)的:我常看課外英經(jīng)足夠了。她知道自己能力差,她想通過(guò)多聽(tīng)來(lái)提高聽(tīng)力水平。但當(dāng)她的努力沒(méi)有帶來(lái)明顯進(jìn)步時(shí),她沒(méi)想過(guò)她練聽(tīng)力的方法存在問(wèn)題。
以上個(gè)案研究表明,何小燕和王琳在學(xué)習(xí)策略上的不同導(dǎo)致了她們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)上的明顯差異。筆者在進(jìn)行個(gè)案研究之后,還對(duì)116位學(xué)生進(jìn)行了研究。本人現(xiàn)在所教的高一兩個(gè)班,一個(gè)是尖子班, 它是從20個(gè)班中選出來(lái)的2個(gè)尖子班之一, 另一個(gè)班是普通班。在本學(xué)期期中考試后對(duì)他們進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,尖子班發(fā)下去58張調(diào)查問(wèn)卷,收回有效問(wèn)卷56張;普通班發(fā)下去60張調(diào)查問(wèn)卷,收回60張有效問(wèn)卷。調(diào)查問(wèn)卷的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字如下:
通過(guò)以上數(shù)據(jù)的對(duì)比,可以得知:除了第8項(xiàng)的百分比相差不大之外,其余11項(xiàng)均相差15%以上。首先,第11項(xiàng)相差最大,百分比相差58%。由此可以看出,尖子生除了完成老師布置的練習(xí)之外,還利用課余時(shí)間進(jìn)行大量的英語(yǔ)閱讀練習(xí),提高自己的閱讀能力和閱讀速度。他們中有很多同學(xué)閱讀過(guò)課外英語(yǔ)讀物,如書蟲系列、《瘋狂英語(yǔ)》、《英語(yǔ)世界》、《英語(yǔ)知識(shí)》、《西方風(fēng)情錄》、星火英語(yǔ)月刊、《新概念英語(yǔ)》等等。其次,相差比較大的是第4項(xiàng),百分比相差53%。尖子生善于對(duì)學(xué)過(guò)的單詞進(jìn)行定期復(fù)習(xí),鞏固對(duì)單詞的記憶,降低遺忘率。因此他們的詞匯量比較大,在閱讀中遇到的生詞障礙比較小。而非尖子生卻很少對(duì)單詞進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí),他們總是抱怨單詞學(xué)了就忘記,真難記呀。尤其是現(xiàn)在的教材,每個(gè)單元要求掌握的詞匯都很多,到了高中畢業(yè)要掌握大約3500個(gè)單詞。學(xué)生們最害怕的是記單詞。原因在于沒(méi)有掌握記單詞的方法,不知道如何降低遺忘率。最后,第9項(xiàng)和第10項(xiàng)相差的百分比也比較大,都相差31%。尖子生喜歡在課內(nèi)外活動(dòng)中積極用英語(yǔ)與同學(xué)交流,甚至見(jiàn)到外國(guó)人還與他們用英語(yǔ)交談,努力創(chuàng)造訓(xùn)練自己英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的機(jī)會(huì)。他們還在課外進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練,如上網(wǎng)進(jìn)行視頻英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí),看英文電影、聽(tīng)英文歌、聽(tīng)英文電臺(tái)廣播、看國(guó)際頻道等,而非尖子生卻很少在課外與同學(xué)用英語(yǔ)交流,也不常在課外進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練。
根據(jù)以上的結(jié)論,筆者對(duì)英語(yǔ)尖子生的培養(yǎng)提出一些建議:
1.培養(yǎng)尖子生形成適合自己學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn)的學(xué)習(xí)策略,制定具有個(gè)性的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃,并能根據(jù)自己的學(xué)習(xí)需要不斷地調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)策略, 根據(jù)自我評(píng)價(jià)不斷修正和調(diào)整自己的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。我們可以開(kāi)展一些尖子生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流,幫助他們建立一個(gè)相互學(xué)習(xí),相互交流的平臺(tái)。
2.教師要引導(dǎo)尖子生主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí),幫助他們形成以能力發(fā)展為目的的學(xué)習(xí)方式,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生通過(guò)體驗(yàn)、實(shí)踐、討論、合作和探究等方式,發(fā)展聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫的綜合語(yǔ)言技能。要為他們獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)留有空間和時(shí)間,使學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)通過(guò)聯(lián)想、推理和歸納等思維活動(dòng)用英語(yǔ)分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題,獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn),增強(qiáng)自信,提高能力。在教學(xué)中教師還要引導(dǎo)和鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生積極利用圖書館、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、英文報(bào)刊、廣播、電視等學(xué)習(xí)資源完成學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。
3.通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)豐富多樣的課內(nèi)外學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng),使尖子生在參與交際活動(dòng)的過(guò)程中形成交際策略。我們可以開(kāi)展英語(yǔ)演講比賽、講故事比賽、英文卡拉OK大賽,英文辯論大賽。開(kāi)展課前1分鐘演講活動(dòng),成立英語(yǔ)廣播電臺(tái)等。
4.教師要對(duì)尖子生有一種期待感。適當(dāng)運(yùn)用“皮革馬力翁”效應(yīng)。在每次考試后教師要
主動(dòng)找尖子生談心,與他們一起反思學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程和學(xué)習(xí)效果,經(jīng)常鼓勵(lì)和幫助他們。通過(guò)高中英語(yǔ)尖子生與非尖子生在學(xué)習(xí)策略上差異的研究,我們?cè)?008年的高考中取得了可喜的成績(jī)。英語(yǔ)單科位于江門五邑地區(qū)前10名的有7人,是江門五邑地區(qū)前10名人數(shù)最多的一個(gè)科,其中何衍銘同學(xué)以141分的優(yōu)異成績(jī)位于廣東省英語(yǔ)單科第二名,江門五邑地區(qū)第一名。
每一個(gè)中學(xué)生都希望自己的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)是高效的,但是,在2012大同高中英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)中心的實(shí)際學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,不同學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效率卻總是有高低之分。老師面對(duì)這些學(xué)習(xí)效率不同的學(xué)生終歸要有某種解釋,此類解釋通常是:基礎(chǔ)較差,學(xué)習(xí)不努力,上課不能專心聽(tīng)講,等等。所謂“更加根本的原因”是什么呢?這正是本代探討的問(wèn)題,即“學(xué)習(xí)策略”問(wèn)題。
一、什么是學(xué)習(xí)策略?
通俗地講,學(xué)習(xí)策略就是我們平時(shí)所說(shuō)的“學(xué)習(xí)方法”。但是,不少中學(xué)生會(huì)說(shuō):我們幾乎每學(xué)期都在聽(tīng)老師講學(xué)習(xí)方法,可是,我們的學(xué)習(xí)狀況并沒(méi)有因此而發(fā)生根本的改變。我必須承認(rèn):情況確實(shí)如此。老師告訴學(xué)生:“你們要注意學(xué)習(xí)方法。”這樣的告誡或教導(dǎo)可能太多了,然而,2012大同高中英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)中心認(rèn)為重要的不是老師的告誡或教導(dǎo),而是學(xué)生自己的實(shí)際體驗(yàn);重要的不是老師對(duì)“學(xué)習(xí)方法”的籠統(tǒng)介紹,而是學(xué)生所接受的具有實(shí)際內(nèi)容和指標(biāo)的訓(xùn)練。
這里談的“學(xué)習(xí)策略”具有以下一些特征:
1.學(xué)習(xí)策略是行動(dòng)的過(guò)程
每一個(gè)學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)都在執(zhí)行某種策略。比如,你在閱讀一篇英語(yǔ)短文,你像以往那樣,在閱讀剛剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候就注意到“語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)”,而且就開(kāi)始記住它們。這就是你在執(zhí)行閱讀的學(xué)習(xí)策略。不管這種策略是不是有利于你對(duì)代段的整體理解,你實(shí)際上在通過(guò)行動(dòng)來(lái)執(zhí)行你的既定策略。當(dāng)你認(rèn)識(shí)到這種學(xué)習(xí)策略不利于你的閱讀理解時(shí),你不可能立即丟掉這種策略,你需要用新的行動(dòng)來(lái)代替原來(lái)的行動(dòng)。
2.學(xué)習(xí)策略是體驗(yàn)的過(guò)程
有了學(xué)習(xí)的行動(dòng),也就有了對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的體驗(yàn)。因此,在你進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)時(shí),你就必定產(chǎn)生某種體驗(yàn)。比如,你現(xiàn)在想改變自己的那種逐字逐句進(jìn)行閱讀的習(xí)慣,于是,你加快了閱讀速度,忽略了語(yǔ)言細(xì)節(jié),這顯然是一種新的閱讀行動(dòng),伴隨著這種行動(dòng)的是發(fā)生在你內(nèi)心的新體驗(yàn)。
5.學(xué)習(xí)策略是鞏固的過(guò)程