第一篇：學術英語第二單元summary（共）

Marketing is: a)discovering and giving consumers what they want and need, and b)doing this at a profit.Marketing revolves around the wants, needs and desires of people.Effective marketing should begin with an insightful understanding of the consumer.Product is anything that can be offered for sale or use to another individual.The product P covers everything that goes into the development of the tangible or intangible object.Price not only pays for your cost of goods and profit, it does much more, such as communicating about the product,setting quality expectations, segmenting the audience, and even conveying how a consumer should consume the product.Place refers to where and how you sell your product and is also referred to as distribute.Place can set quality and price expectations.Any way you choose to promote your product is called promotion in marketing

This includes any from of marketing communication such as advertising, public relations, sales promotion, event marketing, as well as any personal one-on-one selling you do.

第二篇：summary學術英語

A summary of Text 12

Title:How Radiation Threatens Health

Author:Nina Bai

Source:Scientific American, 15 March, 2010

Summary:

The radiation leaks at Fukushima makes people feel worried, and it’s necessary to know that the health effects caused by radiation exposure depend on its level, type and duration.Every person is exposed some background radiation from natural but only beyond this level people can get radiation sickness.At the same time, the radiation which takes different forms is produced by different heavy isotopes.On the other hand, the exposure time is so important that high single dose of radiation can do much more harm to human than the same dosage accumulate overtime.Last but not least, the government should remember the Chernobyl’s lessons but we’d better not do too many extra measures to make people feel scared.(124 words)

第三篇：summary學術英語6

SUMMARY

Nanotechnology is a new world which may have the ability to reproduce many things.And nanotechnology is more interesting than the atomic scale, because on the nanoscale we can put the atoms

together to make anything.Scientists can develop nanoscopic machines which can replicate themselves enough to produce objects.At the same time, nanotechnology which is rapidly becoming an interdisciplinary field may not only have its biggest impact on the medical industry delicate surgeries and cosmetic surgery, but also have the potential to have a positive effect on the environment.But some people worry that nanotechnology will end up like the virtual reality.So the most

immediate challenge in nanotechnology is that we need to learn more about materials and their properties at the nanoscale so that nanotechnology will definitely continue to impact us.

第四篇：summary學術英語literature review

Content-based the risk of nuclear power and the

damage of its radioactivity

An earthquake struck Japan in 2011 which severely damaged nuclear reactor at the Fukushima plant, sparking the release of radioactive materials.People are worried about its awful effects to us.So we should learn more about the nuclear power and the damage of its radioactivity.The risk of nuclear power is main from its radiation, reactor accidents, radioactive waste and other radiation problems.At the same time, the risk that estimated by PRA from reactor accidents is very low(Bernard L.Cohen).Next, it is necessary to know that radiation is spread in the form of waves or particles and the health effects caused by radiation exposure depend on its level, type and duration(Nina Bai,2010 & Susan Blumenthal).But on the one hand, some others think that there is no doubt that the radiation is a potential threat to our health and the radiation exposing to the milk and food of the U.S after Fukushima disaster is the powerful evidence(Amber Cornelio).On the other hand, some scholar has the opinion that the advantages are more much than the disadvantages the nuclear power has(Bernard L.Cohen).In conclusion, the unclear power has his advantage but the radioactivity releasing from it has damage to the health of people more or less.(207words)

第五篇：summary學術英語lecture12-13summary

Lecture 12

This paper is going to discuss sea level rise, ocean warming and ocean acidification.People made a 10-year project, then they find that sediments carried out by ice have an ice shelf overhead while those do not need sunlight and the ice in the Ross Sea region is dynamic, which leads to the rise and fall of sea level.Climate change is caused by both natural and human-induced causes, so it is complicated to address the problem of climate crisis.It also tells us that the dissolution of carbon dioxide into the sea leads to Ocean acidification and the Ocean acidification leads to a major loss of marine biodiversity especially carbonates organisms and the stress on some physiological processes.In addition, we should cap or limit CO2 emissions as soon as possible to protect oceans.Lecture 13

This paper tells us energy and climate are extremely important to the poorest people.It also explains four letters stand for in the equation on CO2.They are P: populationS: services/ personE: energy/ serviceC: CO2/unite.We should lower world population, evenly distribute services, improve efficiency and develop a new energy system in order to bring down CO2 to zero.Such as the fossil fuel, the nuclear, the renewable sources.The lecturer appeals the audience to do more research funding, team up to work on innovative ways and do some market incentives.