第一篇：何凱文每日一句小結+閱讀摘要截止20160712

何凱文每日一句

第一次小結

1.prone to 記住這個詞的搭配：prone to do sth/ prone to sth;2.pampered 3.showdown 對峙

4.boil down to sth歸結于； 基本問題是；

In the end, what it all boils down to is money, or the lack of it.說到底，問題的癥結是錢，或者說是缺錢。5.turns on 和boils down to 是一個遞進關系； 6.precedent 先例;unprecedented 沒有判決先例的

（美國是判例法，任何法律規定都是依照之前的案件判罰結果。）7.loves and fantasies, illnesses and losses.（愛和幻想，疾病和遺憾）8.Revealing 發人深省 9.emerging markets 新興市場

10.outspend，這個詞大致有三個意思：1.花費超過…范圍；2.比（他人）花費多； 3.比著花錢，攀比；

11.refinance：再融資（俗稱的，拆東墻，補西墻）12.Sb? case is that… 這是一個句型，“某人的理由是…”

13.Unshackled 解除束縛;同義詞：Unchained； unfettered； untied 14.drag on(動詞短語)拖，拉拽，這里表示某件事情的膠著 15.within reason 在合理的范圍之內 16.Devolve 移交（主要指權力的移交）

例句：In order to promote local governance through decentralization, the government has begun plans to devolve powers to the districts.為了通過權力下放促進地方施政，政府已開始向各區下放權力的計劃。17.View A as B: 認為A是B；這個結構，老外常常會寫成：View as B A.意思還是認為A是B；

18.lingering 持續的，揮之不去的，19.bad press 負面報道 20.rests on 基于…，取決于…

21.established conventions 已確立的傳統（規定/習俗）22.in that= because 因為引導狀語從句； 23.the high street 商業街

24.Virtual 這個詞一定要看英文解釋；

1）almost or very nearly the thing described, so that any slight difference is not important.幾乎，實際上；

He married a virtual stranger.他娶了一位幾乎素不相識的女子。

何凱文每日一句

2)made to appear to exist by the use of computer software 虛擬的 25.take an unusual twist : 發生了不尋常的轉折； 26.be central to 對…很重要； 27.analogous 類似于

28.exemplary 可做榜樣的，可做楷模的

例句：Her behavior is exemplary.她的行為堪稱楷模 29.jittery 小心謹慎 30.anything less than 絕不是

閱讀摘要

1.Suicide on Periscope Prompts French Officials to Open Inquiry.Periscope 是國外的一種視頻直播軟件，類似中國的映客；有人在上面直播了自殺，這就促使法國官方開啟調查程序； 考點：open inquiry 開啟調查

2.We now live in a dictatorship of real time.（如今我們生活在一個被實時技術俘獲的時代.）dictatorship 這個詞的用法很傳神；在寫作中我們可以這樣替換為： We now live in a dictatorship of smart devices.我們生活在一個被智能設備俘虜的時代。

3.Regulators have been trying to get a hold on new social media tools, like Periscope and Snapchat, mostly out of concern about their use by extremist organization.監管機構一直在試圖對Periscope和Snapchat等新的社交媒體工具進行控制，他們主要是擔心這些工具被極端組織利用。

考點：, mostly out of concern about …主要是擔心(充當狀語)4.unintended consequences意想不到的后果（通常是不好的后果）

Obama’s Gorgeous Goodbye奧巴馬的華麗告別 1.In this twilight of his presidency, 在總統任期的最后階段 很好的詞：in the twilight of ? 2.Pointed（犀利的），3.the speech brimmed with…, 演講充滿著? it also bristled with…也有不少? 4.grievance 不滿和憤怒 5.the cause of justice 正義的事業 6.by no means絕不是

7.wise and gorgeous充滿華彩，不失智慧

何凱文每日一句

8.This current presidential campaign has borne him out.目前正在進行的總統競選一直在證明他的觀點。（has borne sb out 證明了某人的觀點）

9.Another reason to listen to Obama is the accuracy and eloquence /with which he?s diagnosing current ills.我們應該聽取奧巴馬言論的另一個原因在于，他對當今社會問題的診斷十分精確，表達也很流暢。

10.At Howard, Obama insisted that change “requires listening to those with whom you disagree, and being prepared to compromise.”

在霍華德大學，奧巴馬堅稱，要有所改變，“必須傾聽那些與你意見不一的人，要做好妥協的準備。”

11.This blunt, soulful goodbye brings him full circle, from the audacity to the tenacity of hope.這樣直率而又充滿情感的告別方式讓他兜了一個大圈，又回到原處，從無所畏懼，回歸對希望的不懈追求。（其中audacity 和tenacity的押韻是如此的讓人嘆服。）

New Attack Reported on Global Bank Network全球銀行面臨網絡攻擊風險 1.Thieves have again found their way into what was thought to be the most secure financial messaging system in the world and stolen money from a bank.盜賊再次入侵了據說是世界上最安全的金融電文系統（financial messaging system），從一家銀行偷走了錢。

2.The second attack involves a commercial bank that Swift declined to identify.第二起攻擊涉及一家商業銀行，Swift拒絕透露其名字。(這個句子中的identify不要翻譯為“確認”翻譯為“透露”更符合語境)3.of late =recently=latest最近

4.wider and highly adaptive campaign targeting banks.更廣泛的、適應力極強的銀行盜竊行動.(Campaign 行動，活動；這就是一個上義詞，在這篇文章中就是盜竊行動)5.installed malware on bank computers to disguise their actions.何凱文每日一句

在銀行的計算機里安裝惡意軟件來掩飾盜竊行動。Malware 惡意軟件；malicious 惡意的

6.a deep and sophisticated knowledge of specific operation controls within the targeted banks非常了解目標銀行的業務控制細節（這里的knowledge可以翻譯為動詞“了解”；deep and sophisticated譯為“非常”）7.Criminals have found ways to exploit loopholes in bank security to gain computer access and dispatch fraudulent Swift messages.罪犯已經找到了利用銀行安全漏洞的方式，可以訪問他們的計算機，并發送欺詐性的Swift電文。

經濟學人原句：Opinions are furiously divided as to whether the unintended harm causedby health reform will outweigh its benefits.句型：Opinions are furiously divided as towhether the unintended harm caused by A will outweigh its benefits.仿寫例句：Opinions are furiously divided as to whether the unintended harm caused by the Internet will outweigh its benefits.互聯網所帶來的意想不到的害處是否會比其帶來的益處更大，人們的看法非常不同。

紙牌屋里面的Claire Underwood給人印象深刻，飾演者Robin Wright的人生也從來不失精彩，她年輕的時候就在《阿甘正傳》中飾演過女主角Jenny ,現在做導演做制片，典型的女強人一個，最近她要求把自己主演《紙牌屋》(House of Cards)的片酬提高到和聯合主演凱文?斯佩西(Kevin Spacey)一樣多時，她采取了一個會令自己飾演的克萊爾?安德伍德(Claire Underwood)驕傲的策略：

何凱文每日一句

1.She leveraged her power by threatening to go public about pay inequality.她威脅說要公開報酬不平等問題，從而增加了自己的話語權。Leveraged 這個詞非常棒：本來表示杠桿和影響力（diplomatic leverage外交影響力）；這里就是表示增加的意思； Go public about sth 公開某事 2.Months later, the issue was raised again by Jennifer Lawrence.數月后，詹妮弗?勞倫斯再次提到這個問題。(非常好的寫作句式)3.Not all high-profile actresses believe that discussing personal pay issues in Hollywood is appropriate.并非所有知名女演員都認為，在好萊塢談論個人報酬問題是妥當的。（關注high-profile這個詞：在這里就是“知名的”，有的語境是表示“高調的””引人注目”）

4.In an interview with Cosmopolitan in April, Scarlett Johansson said that it would be “icky” for her to discuss her experience with Hollywood’s pay gap.今年4月，斯嘉麗?約翰遜在接受《Cosmopolitan》采訪時說，談論自己在好萊塢薪酬差距方面的經歷會顯得“矯情”。Icky 這個詞翻譯為“矯情”是極好的！pay gap 收入差價

5.But social media users had much applause for Ms.Wright.不過，社交媒體用戶對懷特非常贊賞。

（非常好的寫作句式：had much applause for … 對…非常贊賞）

短語小結

1.to keep your head above water 可以用來形容某人雖然手頭比較緊，但還可以勉強維持。

2.to be in deep water 的意思是陷入困境。

何凱文每日一句

3.a big deal 常被用來形容某人或某個情況、形勢非常重要。

4.A wild goose chase 字面上的意思是“追逐野鵝”，形容那種花很多的時間和精力去徒勞的追求某件事情，而這樣的追求不是沒有方向就是方向錯誤。5.如果你對藝術、音樂或戲劇特別感興趣，那么人們可能會把稱為一個 a culture vulture 文化狂熱分子。

6.a flash in the pan 意思是曇花一現，指短時間的走紅或暴熱。

7.a flash of inspiration 就是說一個人頭腦里突然冒出一個創新或革新的想法或閃念。

8.with flying colours 不是“飛起來的顏色”，而是表示某人以“優異成績”取得成功。

9.fly off the handle 的意思是大發脾氣，勃然大怒。

10.to get a handle on something 的意思是理解、掌握某事。11.once in a blue moon’ 的意思是千載難逢的，罕見的，難得的。12.the sky is the limit, 意思是沒有限制，任何可能性都存在。

13.如果有人叫你pull yourself together,意思就是告訴你要控制自己的情緒或行動。

14.to pay lip service 意思是說得好聽，沒有行動，甚至言不由衷。比如你說你支持什么事情，但實際并非如此。

15.To give someone some lip 的字面意思是給某人一些嘴唇，但實際表達的意思是頂嘴，出言不遜。

何凱文每日一句

16.face(something)head-on 的時候，也就是說我們勇敢面對并處理碰到的問題或困難。例句：Youth unemployment will continue to rise till the government decides to face thechronic lack of good schools head-on.17.如果說某事是 a long shot, 意思是實現此事的機會不大。

18如果說一個人在假裝地高興或故作鎮定，好像什么事情都沒有，就可以說 put on a brave face 即裝作若無其事的樣子。

19.如果你堅持做某事直到 you are blue in the face, 意思就是你花很長時間做一件事情，做到臉都發青了也沒用，不會成功。

20.當你拿到的是 the lion's share, 這就是說你得到的那一份是最大的。21.get to grips with 的意思是認認真真地處理碰到的難題。

例句：The government is having trouble getting to grips with the problem of rising unemployment.22.to flip out 意思是由于震驚而失控暴怒。

例句：The flight was cancelled and lots of passengers started flipping out at the airline staff.23.The flip side 是另一個意思，表示反面，特別指物體或論點的負面，不利面。例句：The Olympics is a great event;on the flip side it's very expensive to host.24.In deep water 是另一個英語短語，意思是你遇到了麻煩，很可能是棘手的大麻煩。

25.當你看到一個杯子里有半杯水，你會說這個杯子是 half full 還是 half empty 呢？你的選擇將顯示你的性格取向和世界觀。如果你說 the glass is

何凱文每日一句

half full, 那么你就是個樂觀主義者；如果你選擇 the glass is half empty, 那你應該是個相對比較悲觀的人。

26.當我們形容某人有 a second wind 的時候，這就是說他們恢復了精力，再次崛起或繼續做什么事情。

例句：Observers said Barack Obama was judged to have lost the first Presidential debate with Republican challenger Mitt Romney, but got a second wind in the second and thirddebate.每日一句階段性總結之二 1.yank up 上升 2.be bound to 一定

3.oversee 檢測，監督；見證到;4.overlook 忽略，忽視 5.transparent 透明

6.nothing gets people talking like this topic.這個話題最能引起人們的討論。7.endowment 捐贈；天賦 8.plutocracy 權貴階層

9.chatter and speculation 八卦和猜測/caclulating工于算計 10.go head to head with 與?并駕齊驅； 11.Pit sb against sb：使?競爭;與?相對立

12.in its strongest form其極端說法是;（通常做狀語）

13.produce far-reaching consequences for?對?產生深遠的影響； 14.file 提交，發起

15.live up to：不辜負，在翻譯時常處理為符合

16.tread water（短語）踩水（求生存的意思）；躡足不前，徘徊觀望；

Tread on one’s heels 緊隨某人之后，步人后塵；

Walk on the water 無所不能； 17.emerging economies 新興經濟體 18.Poster child（典型代表）19.cognitive constraints 認知限制

20.a state of latent potentiality 潛在可能的狀態；

何凱文每日一句

21.a state of manifest reality 明顯的實際的狀態； 22.be found the final 進入最后階段 23.setback 困難 24.stave off 延緩

25.along with sb/sth除...以外；與...同樣地；

She lost her job when factory closed, along with hundreds of others.工廠倒閉時，她和成百上千人一樣失去了工作。

26.grace（大家比較熟悉的是優美和優雅的意思；）這里的意思是to decorate;裝飾的意思

27.fragmented 分散的（貶義詞）28.at the prospect of 一想到

29.wrestle：to struggle to do sth that is difficult(奮力對付，努力處理，全力解決）例句：The government has been wrestling with the problem of the air pollution in recent years.近幾年政府都在絞盡腦汁處理空氣污染的問題。30.swings in demand 需求的波動

Waltzing With Helen Keller命運的舞者:海倫·凱勒

“Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet.Only through experience of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, ambition inspired, and success achieved.”—Helen Keller 1.Helen Keller lost her sight and hearing 18 months after she was born.She had not learned how to speak and was plunged into what she called “the unconsciousness of a newborn baby,” an isolated and seemingly inescapable prison.出生18個月后，海倫·凱勒(Helen Keller)失去了視力和聽力。還沒學會說話的凱勒，陷入了她所說的“新生兒般的無意識狀態”，就像一個與外隔絕、看不到出路的牢籠。(1)was plunged into 陷入(2)unconsciousness 無意識

何凱文每日一句

(3)inescapable prison 無路可逃的監獄

2.But by the time Ms.Keller died at 87, on June 1, 1968, she had persevered.3.Her front-page obituary said that “she could ‘see’ and ‘hear’ with exceptional acuity;she even learned to talk passably and to dance in time to a fox trot or a waltz.”(1)front-page obituary 頭版訃告

(2)with exceptional acuity： 非常敏銳（狀語）

with exceptional careness = very carefully 非常仔細(3)passably 過得去

參考譯文：刊登在頭版的訃告稱，“她能夠異常敏銳地‘看’和‘聽’；她甚至學會了說話，說得還可以，并且學會了跟隨狐步舞曲或華爾茲舞曲的節奏跳舞。” 4.Ms.Keller became a captivating writer, chronicling her life in memoirs, and a kind of motivational speaker, aided by Ms.Sullivan onstage.（1）captivating 令人著迷的

（2）chronicling 記錄chronic 慢性的（3）motivational speaker 勵志演講者

凱勒成了一位令人著迷的作家，用回憶錄記載了自己的人生。在沙利文的協助下，她還成了某種勵志演說家。

5.“I seldom think about my limitations, and they never make me sad.Perhaps there is a touch of yearning at times, but it is vague, like a breeze among flowers.The wind passes, and the flowers are content.”

何凱文每日一句

“我很少想我的缺陷，它們從來不會讓我感到傷心。或許有時候會有一絲向往，但很輕微，就像微風吹過花叢一樣。風過后，花朵心滿意足

傳奇阿里：狂暴雷霆與雷霆之后的那道彩虹

1.Muhammad Ali, the three-time world heavyweight boxing champion who helped define his turbulent times as the most charismatic and controversial sports figure of the 20th century, died on Friday in a Phoenix-area hospital.解析：charismatic and controversial 人格魅力（領袖氣質）和爭議的 參考譯文：三次世界重量級拳擊冠軍得主穆罕默德?阿里(Muhammad Ali)是20世紀最有人格魅力，也最具爭議的體育人物，是那個動蕩時代的代表性人物之一。當地時間周五他于鳳凰城附近某醫院逝世，享年74歲。

2.Ali was the most thrilling if not the best heavyweight ever, carrying into the ring a physically lyrical, unorthodox boxing style that fused speed, agility and power more seamlessly than that of any fighter before him.解析：1.Lyrical 詩意 2.fused 融合3.speed, agility and power 速度，靈活性和力量（這些都是很好的寫作詞匯。）

4.the ring 拳擊臺5.unorthodox 與眾不同的

參考譯文：阿里即便不是有史以來最好的重量級拳擊手，也是最激動人心的一位，他把一種與眾不同的拳擊風格帶上拳臺，賦予形體以詩意，將速度、機敏與力量融為一體，比他之前的任何拳手都要完美。

3.But he was more than the sum of his athletic gifts.An agile mind, a buoyant personality, a brash self-confidence and an evolving set of

何凱文每日一句

personal convictions fostered a magnetism that the ring alone could not contain.解析：1.agile mind 聰敏的頭腦 2.a buoyant personality樂觀的性格3.a brash self-confidence高傲的自信4.an evolving set of personal convictions 一套不斷發展的個人信念5.magnetism 磁石般的魅力

定語從句：that the ring alone could not contain.拳臺都裝不下(在拳臺之外)參考譯文：但他的魅力不僅僅在于體育方面的天賦，他還擁有聰敏的頭腦、樂觀的性格、高傲的自信，以及一套不斷發展的個人信念，令他在拳臺之外也煥發出磁石般的魅力。

4.Ali was as polarizing a superstar as the sports world has ever produced — both admired and vilified in the 1960s and 70s for his religious, political and social stances.解析：1.Polarizing 毀譽參半2.vilified 詆毀3.stance 態度,觀點

參考譯文:阿里是體育界最毀譽參半的超級巨星——20世紀六七十年代，因為自己的信仰、政治與社會態度，他既受到贊美，也受到詆毀。

5.But Ali had his hypocrisies, or at least inconsistencies.How could he consider himself a “race man” yet mock the skin color, hair and features of other African-Americans, most notably Joe Frazier, his rival and opponent in three classic matches? 解析：1.hypocrisies 虛偽2.inconsistencies 前后不一致，前后矛盾

3.mock 嘲笑4.notably 特別是

何凱文每日一句

參考譯文：但是阿里也有虛偽的一面，至少是前后矛盾的一面。他說自己“為自己的種族而驕傲”，但卻嘲笑其他非裔美國人的膚色、頭發和體征，特別是嘲笑他的競爭對手與三次經典比賽中的對手喬?弗雷澤(Joe Frazier)。

寫作10句 個人話題：

1.Young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons with more activities to embrace this world, which is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why.Students with such a perspective are usually the most effective and motivated ones who can gain competitive edge in the future career.年輕人應該多和這個社會接觸拓寬他們的視野，這樣可以清楚的知道他們想要的是什么以及為什么。有這樣視野的學生常常是效率最高的也是最積極的，在未來的職業中也會獲得競爭的優勢。

2.The cultivation of critical thinking ability was, is and remains to be an integral part in achieving one's personal accomplishment.批判思維能力的培養對于實現個人成就而言，過去是，現在，而且一直都會是重要因素。

3.Life skills are very important and by doing voluntary work, students can learn how to communicate with others and work in a team but also to manage their time and improve their organizational skills.生活的技能非常重要，通過參加志愿者工作，學生就能學會如果與他人溝通，如何成為團隊的一員，同時學會如果管理時間，并提高自己的組織技能。

何凱文每日一句

4.The skill to balance study and work contributes directly to enhancing our academic performance, job hunting and promotion in a system.平衡學習和工作關系的技能直接有利于我們的學習，求職以及以后的升職。5.The social practice will provide us with more opportunities to develop our interpersonal communication skills, which may put us in a favorable position in the job market.社會實踐能提供給我們更多的機會來培養人際溝通技能，這樣使我們在未來的職場上處于有利的位置。（凱文最棒）社會話題：

6.Over the decade the pace of change in people’s life has increased beyond our wildest expectations.Among the breakthroughs driving changes is the wide use of smart devices, which makes online shopping or learning possible and more convenient.在過去十年間，人們生活改變的步伐之快超越了我們最狂野的想象。在推動這些改變的突破中包括智能設備的廣泛使用，這使得網絡學習和購物成為可能并變得更方便。

7.With the government’s will and public awareness, corresponding effective measures could really reduce the amount of rubbish we produce.Certainly nobody wants to see our resources used up and our planet poisoned by waste.有了政府的決心和公眾的意識，相應的有效的措施就真的能減少我們制造的垃圾。確實，沒有人希望看到我們的資源被耗盡我們的地球被廢棄物污染。

何凱文每日一句

8.In my opinion, focusing on sports facilities is too narrow an approach and would not have the desired results.Youngsters should be encouraged not only to be more physically active but also to adopt a healthier lifestyle.在我看來，僅僅關注運動設施是很有限的解決手段而且也不可能得到全部想要的結果。年輕人不僅應該多鍛煉而且應該采取更健康的生活方式。

9.However, these issues can be addressed strategically within the proper policy adopted.但是,只要措施得當，這些問題還是會很好地解決的。Long-term traffic and pollution reductions would depend on educating the public to use public transport more, and on governments using public money to construct and run efficient systems.要想長期解決污染問題就需要教育公眾多使用公共交通，多用公共資金來建設并運營高效的系統。10.We must avoid overindulgence and conspicuous consumption.We must instead continue to recognize the benefits of thrift in order to protect our newfound prosperity.我們必須避免過分放縱和鋪張浪費。相反，我們應該繼續發揚節儉的優點以守護我們新獲得的繁榮。

寫作：write a short essay on e-learning.Try toimagine what will happen when more and more people study online instead of attending school.范文：Over the decade the pace of change in people’s life has increased beyond our wildest expectations.Among the breakthroughs driving changes is the wide use of smart devices, which makes online shopping

何凱文每日一句

or learning possible and more convenient.The topic of online learning has constantly captured wide media attention.Undoubtedly, there are both advantages and disadvantages when more and more people study online instead of attending school.On one hand, learning online will drive us to learn skill to balance study and work by choosing and deciding the timetable and course arrangement, which contributes directly to enhancing our academic performance, job hunting and promotion in a system.On the other hand, young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons with more activities to embrace this world, which may put youngsters in a favorable position in the job market.Unfortunately, online learning can not provide students enough opportunities to do so.Although the issues brought by online education can be addressed strategically within the proper policy adopted, I still believe that learning online alone can not make a full person.The public and government should adopt more comprehensive and reasonable perspective on this trend.英國脫歐系列報道

After ?Brexit? Vote, Europeans Jockey for London?s Business。退歐公投后，歐洲城市爭奪倫敦商業地位。

Within hours of Britain?s vote to leave the European Union, it started.在英國投票脫歐不久后，事情就開始了。

何凱文每日一句

1.Britons had only just begun to digest the results of their referendum when cities and companies across Europe leapt into action, all of them jockeying to lure businesses, entrepreneurs and investment from London, the region’s economic behemoth.詞匯突破：1.their referendum 全民公投

2.leapt into action 迅速開始行動

3.jockey to do sth/ jockey for sth 謀求做…/謀求獲得什么

4.behemoth 超級巨擘，超級公司;巨無霸

參考譯文：英國人才開始試著理解他們公投的后果，全歐洲的城市和公司已經迅速行動起來競相拋出誘餌，想要把企業、創業者以及投資從身為歐洲經濟巨無霸的倫敦吸引過去。

2.Much remains up in the air, as the country embarks on a year’slong process to leave the 28-nation bloc.Britain has not even officially filed to leave, and there will be painful negotiations on matters including trade and whether people from European Union nations will have the freedom to work in Britain, as they do now.詞匯突破：1.Up in the air 懸而未決

2.embark on 開始

3.bloc 聯盟

4.file to 申請

參考譯文：英國要花費數年時間，才能脫離由28個成員國組成的歐盟。當它踏上這漫漫征程的時候，許多事情都懸而未決。英國甚至尚未正式提交脫歐申請，何凱文每日一句

而且要就一些事情——比如貿易，再比如來自歐盟成員國的人們是否還能像現在這樣擁有在英國工作的自由——進行艱苦的談判。

3.Despite the high levels of uncertainty, others in Europe are, in effect, looking to gain from Britain’s pain.盡管存在太多不確定性，但歐洲其他國家其實正期待從英國的痛苦中獲益。4.Across the Continent, officials are already vocally trying to entice financial services firms, technology startups and others to forgo the British capital for cities like Paris, Luxembourg, Frankfurt and even the relatively tiny Lithuanian capital, Vilnius.They warn that businesses will suffer if they stay in a Britain that no longer has unfettered access to the EU and its hundreds of millions of potential customers.5.When it comes to the financial services industry, several cities have rolled out the red carpet to lure London-based companies.至于金融服務業，若干城市已經鋪開紅毯，以便吸引總部位于倫敦的公司。6.“When Britain goes out, a lot of firms will have to relocate in Europe,” Pécresse said.“There is a competition that is going to take place.It is already taking place between the big metropolises in Europe.” “當英國退出時，許多公司都會在歐洲重新選擇辦公地點，”佩克雷斯說。“屆時肯定會有競爭。事實上，歐洲各個大都會之間的競爭已經開始了。” 7.Along with those large cities, smaller financial centers — in Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands — are also getting involved.Even

何凱文每日一句

Lithuania, a country not typically noted as a hub for business in Europe, much less high finance, is involved.詞匯突破：along with 除了

除了這些大城市，比利時、盧森堡以及荷蘭的一些較小的金融中心也正加入戰團。就連通常不會被視為歐洲商業中心，更別說是金融中心的立陶宛也加入了進來。8.Despite the overtures from elsewhere, officials in London still believe they will retain most of the business and finance that is currently based there.盡管其他地方紛紛拋出橄欖枝，但倫敦的官員仍然相信，自己可以留住大多數總部設在倫敦的商業和金融企業。

9.The competition, though, extends outside of financial services — Europe’s tech hubs are turning on the charm offensive, as well.不過，競爭已經超出金融服務的范疇——歐洲的一些科技中心也發動了魅力攻勢。10.Real estate agents in major cities across the Continent, including Stockholm and Frankfurt, are also reporting increased interest from banks and technology companies casting their eyes away from London.斯德哥爾摩、法蘭克福等歐洲大陸各大城市的房地產經紀機構也紛紛表示，銀行和科技公司現在更愿意把目光從倫敦轉向其他地方。

來源于外刊的必考短語總結 1.Be keen on 執著于?

They tend to be keen on volume of effort and overlook efficiency.他們傾向于在乎努力的量而忽略了效率。

2.excel at 擅長（還有一個搭配是 excel in,是一個意思）Innovators excel at connecting seemingly unconnected things.創新者擅長聯系貌似毫不相關的事物。

何凱文每日一句

3.unwarranted =unjustified 不合理的

The public rage was unwarranted.公眾的憤怒是沒有道理的 4.this time round 這一次（時間狀語）5.be confined to 局限于

6.be no mean: 了不起，很出色，很

His mother was a painter, and he's no mean artist himself.他母親是一位畫家，他自己是一位出色的藝術家。TO be seated in the mean is no mean happiness.中庸之道是最大的幸福。7.with no regard for 無論

The parent, with no regard for the child's intrinsic urges, seeks to make him over into a replica of an admired relative--or himself.那沒有關心孩子們的內在的激勵的父母、只是設法使子女變成一個他所羨慕的親戚或他本人的復制品。

8.brick-and-mortar retailers 實體零售商 9.take account of 考慮 10.spell out制定

11.firing line 處于容易受到攻擊的地位 12.all but 幾乎=almost 13.shy away doing sth：避免做某事； 14.equip sb with sth使某人具備..15.A makes eminent sense to do sth.A對于做某事意義重大！

In short, it makes eminent sense to study coding and statistics today, but also history and literature.總而言之，在當下這個時代，學習編程和統計學固然意義重大，學習歷史和文學同樣十分重要

16.Native 先天 Acquired后天Born 先天 made 后天 Nature 先天 nurture 后天Intelligence 先天 intellect 后天 intuitive 先天 Cognitive 后天native talent 先天practice 后天 17.hint at 預示 18.appeal to 吸引

Other new ventures are meant to appeal to an audience.其他一些新的企業，也準備去吸引這樣一些用戶 19.weigh up 考慮

The president must weigh up the impact of any deal on America’s economy.總統必須考量任何交易對于美國經濟的影響 20.go it alone 只身單干

何凱文每日一句

The Microsoft decides to go it alone.微軟決定只身單干。

21.Go out(of)the window事情已經過去了，來不及了、不可能了；不重要了。Yet the moment one mentions or hints at the Christian God, all tolerance and freedom of speech will go out of the window.然而一旦有人暗示到基督教的神，所有的寬容和言論自由便被拋窗外。22.living on another planet 意思就是說這個人一點都不現實。

The budget makes us consider the minister as a man living on another planet.這個預算使我們覺得這個部長很不現實。23.push comes to shove 緊要關頭

Money is tight, but if push comes to shove we’ll have to get a loan.資金真的很緊張，但是如果真的到了緊要關頭，我們是可以申請貸款。24.weigh in 意思是在辯論或爭執場合中發表意見。

Owners of small businesses have weighed in on the interest rate debate.Most of them want to keep the rates low for as long as possible.小企業主們在利率的辯論中發表了自己的意見。大多數的人希望盡可能久的保持低利率。25.crack on 趕快做某事，努力做某事；

第二篇：2018何凱文考研英語每日一句

你的構造遠非完美。根據最新一份研究結果，人類基因組75%的編碼都是無用的。休斯頓大學的Dan Graur表示，目前一些研究團體將DNA的任何生化活動，不管多微小，都視為功能性的體現；這是不對的，只有當一個基因片斷擁有有意義的用處時，才能算作有功能。而對于功能性基因來說，如果一個變異出現并打亂片斷時，就會對人體造成危害。出于很多原因，DNA總是在任意變異，比如說紫外線輻射或細胞分裂時出現的DNA復制錯誤。Graur認為，如果人類大多數的DNA都是功能性的，那么大多數有害的變異早就令人類不堪承受了。而如果人類大多數DNA都沒有用的話，那么大多數變異都無關痛癢，只有少數會起到非常明顯的效果，這和現實驚人的一致。今天的句子：

After 20 years of biologists arguing that most of the human genome must have some kind of function, it now seems that, because of the way evolution works, the vast majority of our DNA has to be useless – a suggestion that contradicts claims from prominent researchers.What can we learn from the text?(A)The famous scholars are of the idea that the human genome must be functional.(B)The 20 years study has proved that most DNA of ours is useless for our health.(C)The claims from famous scholars contradict the function of DNA in evolution.(D)The new research have proved that the function of useless DNA in human evolution.詞匯突破

genome 基因組 evolution 進化 majority 大多數

contradict 否定；與……矛盾 claim 聲稱；要求

prominent 顯著的；杰出的 確定主干：

it now seems that the vast majority of our DNA has to be useless.切分成分：

1.After 20 years of biologists arguing…狀語

2.that most of the human genome must have some kind of function賓語從句 3.because of the way evolution works原因狀語

a suggestion(that contradicts claims from prominent researchers)同位語；其中括號里嵌套了一個定語從句

參考譯文：二十多年來，生物學家一直認為大部分人類基因組均有一定功能。但現在看起來，因為進化的工作機制，DNA中的絕大多數必須是無用的——這個意見否定了許多杰出研究者的假設。

昨天題目的講解：

After 20 years of biologists arguing that most of the human genome must have some kind of function, it now seems that, because of the way evolution works, the vast majority of our DNA has to be useless – a suggestion that contradicts claims from prominent researchers.What can we learn from the text?(A)The famous scholars are of the idea that the human genome must be functional.這個選項中有一個關鍵短語： Be of the idea that = 同意…觀點…

prominent researchers= The famous scholars 根據原文可以知道: biologists 的觀點= prominent researchers 的觀點

而biologists 的觀點是：most of the human genome must have some kind of function=the human genome must be functional.所以A選項是完美的同意替換！

這個句子其實講了兩個觀點一個是傳統的過去的觀點，生物學家和杰出的研究者都認同的觀點：人類的基因組必須是有一定功能的。還有一個觀點是現在的新觀點：由于進化的方式，大多數的人類基因是沒有用的。

(B)The 20 years study has proved that most DNA of ours is useless for our health.20年的研究證明的不是DNA是沒有用的，而是說一定有用的。偷換，所以排除！(C)The claims from famous scholars contradict the function of DNA in evolution.著名學者的觀點與進化過程中DNA的功能是相抵觸的。“在進化過程中DNA的功能”在文中并沒有談到，只談到了由于進化，DNA變得沒有用了。所以是偷換！排除！(D)The new research have proved that the function of useless DNA in human evolution.新的研究證明了在人類進化過程中無用DNA的作用。文中沒有談到“無用DNA的作用”所以排除！

特朗普在競選總統期間，標榜自己是敢想敢做的新共和黨人，宣稱當選后將花1萬億美元重建全美的道路、水利和橋梁，同時允諾將復興兩黨合作這種“失傳的藝術”。已經入主白宮的他仍時不時地招搖“一個偉大的全國基建計劃”，將通過公私合作“創造成百萬新的就業崗位”，與羅斯福和艾森豪威爾的政府工程相媲美。然而現實總是慘淡而骨感的，共和黨正陷入關于一系列事務的爭吵之中，有醫保、稅務、債務、移民和預算，而基建呢，還得坐在冷板凳上，等著這些權重更高的問題一個個解決后才輪得著。（等待一旦起了頭，可能就是沒日沒夜、無止無休了……）

今天的句子：Infrastructure remains stuck near the rear of the legislative line, according to two dozen administration officials, legislators and labor leaders involved in coming up with a concrete proposal.It awaits the resolution of tough negotiations over the budget, the debt ceiling, a tax overhaul, a new push to toughen immigration laws— and the enervating slog to enact a replacement for the Affordable Care Act.詞匯突破: 1.infrastructure 基礎建設2.rear 后端3.legislative 立法的 4.concrete 具體的5.budget 預算6.overhaul 徹底檢修 7.immigration 移民8.enervating 無精打采的9.slog 苦干 10.enact頒布；制定法律 第一句：

確定主干：Infrastructure remains stuck near the rear of the legislative line.切分成分：

1.according to two dozen administration officials, legislators and labor leaders狀語 2.involved in coming up with a concrete proposal后置定語，相當于who were involved in coming up with a concrete proposal 第二句：

確定主干：It awaits the resolution of tough negotiations.切分成分：

1.over the budget, the debt ceiling, a tax overhaul, a new push to toughen immigration laws and the enervating slog狀語

2.to enact a replacement for the Affordable Care Act后置定語

參考譯文：據20多位參與具體提案工作的行政官員、立法者和工會領袖所說，基礎建設仍困于立法隊列的末尾。它等待著一系列艱難談判得到解決。這些談判涉及預算、債務上限、稅務改革、新一輪強化移民法的行動，以及制定平價醫療法案的替代法這檔子令人精疲力竭的苦差使。今天的句子：德國汽車行業日前又曝出丑聞。《明鏡》周刊發布封面文章稱：大眾、寶馬、戴姆勒本土三大巨頭車企從上世紀90年代組建起大型卡特爾（Cartel），秘密舉行會議，探討協調包括汽車發展戰略、發動機、供應商甚至到柴油發動機尾氣排放處理系統等諸多事宜。7月22日，歐盟最高反壟斷機構歐盟委員會在一份聲明中確認：歐盟委員會和德國反壟斷機構“聯邦卡特爾局”已經收到了相關信息，目前正對此進行評估。若三大車企因減少競爭的共謀行為被最終定罪，它們將面臨巨額罰款。

Germany’s high-end carmakers face a potentially destructive new scandal after European antitrust authorities said on Saturday that they were looking into allegations that Volkswagen, Daimler and BMW colluded illegally to hold down the prices of crucial technology, including emissions equipment.詞匯突破：1.high-end 高端的2.potentially 潛在地3.destructive 破壞性的 4.scandal 丑聞5.antitrust 反托拉斯的6.allegation 指控7.collude 共謀 確定主干：

Germany’s high-end carmakers face a potentially destructive new scandal.切分成分：

1.after European antitrust authorities said on Saturday時間狀語 2.that they were looking into allegations賓語從句

3.that Volkswagen, Daimler and BMW colluded illegally to hold down the prices of crucial technology, including emissions equipment同位語從句

參考譯文：德國的高端汽車制造商可能面對一樁新的巨大丑聞。此前歐洲反壟斷部門上周六表示，他們正在調查有關大眾、戴姆勒和寶馬共謀以壓低關鍵技術設備(包括排放設備)價格的指控。

來做一個題吧：Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ________.[A] working attitude[B] conventional lifestyle [C] world outlook[D] educational background 上周日清晨，波士頓的沃爾瑟姆市區的一個豪華公寓小區突發大火。火勢迅猛，達到10級警報級別，共有5棟大樓倒塌。爆炸聲撕破空氣，煙塵和余燼交織成的火雨不斷傾瀉而下，打在附近的街道上。這是本月波士頓地區第二起因純木施工法而起火的工地。完全采用木頭結構進行施工，因為成本低而越來越受到青睞。尤其是在工地和人力價格都不菲的都市，更是得到了開發商的偏愛。與選擇其它方法的建筑相比，這種方法的成品在完工后防火性能并不打折。但在施工過程中木結構極易起火，所幸二次相關的失火都發生在非工作時間，到目前為止，僅有兩人受輕傷。

Fire officials say the buildings are as safe as any other once they’re fully operational— with sheetrock, fire breaks,smoke detectors, and sprinklers installed — but they are vulnerable during construction,when flames can shoot quickly through rooms composed of little more than wood.詞匯突破

1.operational可使用的2.sheetrock石棉水泥板3.detector探測器 4.sprinkler灑水器5.install安裝6.vulnerable易受傷害的；有弱點的 7.composed of由…組成 確定主干：

Fire officials say(the buildings are as safe as any other 賓語從句), but they are vulnerable during construction.切分成分：

1.once they’re fully operational時間狀語

2.with sheetrock, fire breaks,smoke detectors, and sprinklers installed介詞短語作狀語

3.when flames can shoot quickly through rooms時間狀語 4.composed of little more than wood后置定語

參考譯文：消防官員說，一旦全面投入使用，這些建筑會和其它建筑一樣安全，裝有石棉水泥板、隔火設施、煙霧探測器和灑水器。但在施工過程事，它們非常脆弱，火焰可以快速地穿透主要是木頭的房間。

今天的句子：科學家警告說，物種入侵和全球變暖是一對并肩作戰的“奪命二人組”。人類的頻繁遷徙讓物種越來越有可能進入新的地域，而氣候變暖則推動許多異域物種在原本水土難服的環境中恣意生長。阿根廷蟻在英國的肆虐就是一個新的例證。這種蟻通常生長在室內，然而氣候變暖使得它們逐漸可在野外生存。沒有天敵和環境的約束，這些自由的入侵大肆繁殖，并通過層疊效應影響了整個生態生態圈的穩定。每年英國因物種入侵而遭受的經濟損失高達數十億英鎊。As trade and human travel has become globalised many thousands of species have crossed oceans or mountain ranges and become established in new regions, with some causing “invasional meltdown” and over a trillion of dollars of damage a year.Recent research shows that ever more animals and plants are finding their way to foreign lands and that invasive species are a “primary threat” to economies, human wellbeing and wildlife.The reason animals and plants can find their way to foreign lands is ____.(A)the invasive species are a “primary threat” to our life as recent research shows(B)huge amount of damage has been caused by the invasive species a year(C)the mass immigration of human being combined with the global trade business.(D)the species established in new regions can improve the human wellbeing 詞匯突破

1.globalized 全球化的2.species 物種3.invasion 入侵 4.meltdown 崩潰5.trillion 萬億6.primary 首要的 7.wellbeing 福利8.wildlife野生動植物 第一句： 確定主干：

many thousands of species have crossed oceans or mountain ranges and become established in new regions.切分成分：

1.As trade and human travel has become globalised狀語從句

2..with some causing “invasional meltdown” and over a trillion of dollars of damage a year伴隨狀語 第二句： 確定主干：

Recent research shows… 切分成分：

1.that ever more animals and plants are finding their way to foreign lands賓語從句一

2.that invasive species are a “primary threat” to economies, human wellbeing and wildlife賓語從句二

參考譯文：國際商貿和旅行令數千物種跨越海洋或山脈，在新的地區扎根繁衍。其中一些物種發展成“入侵災難”，每年損失高達萬億。最近的調查顯示，更多動植物正在“走向”異域，入侵物種是對經濟、人類及野生動植物的“首要威脅”。每天你都會發現有某個公號文章正在鼓吹斷舍離。這種生活美學從一個側面反映，人類擁有強烈的收藏欲。不管東西，也不論古今，人們都會對特定的事物懷有依戀之情，并大費周章地獲取和收藏。美國四五十年代出生的生育高潮兒就是這樣。他們中有些人旅行到一個地方，就會買一個杯子（星馬克的地方系列馬克杯大概就是為這些人準備的），有的收集各種毛絨玩具。但現在步入老年的他們極為苦惱，因為大多數子女都不愿意繼承這些家什，一聽到“我走了它們就是你的了”這樣的話就感到萬分恐懼。看來現在傳家寶并不那么受年輕人歡迎。

今天的句子：

While every generation has its turn with an attachment for antiques or nostalgia for outdated technology, today’s tech-heavy culture shows few signs of trading in its sleek, modern designs for dark furniture or knick-knacks from bygone eras.詞匯突破：

attachment 依戀antique 古董nostalgia 懷舊

outdated 過時的sleek 線條流暢的knick-knack 小物件 bygone 過去的 確定主干：

today’s tech-heavy culture shows few signs of trading in…for… 當下以科技為主的文化顯示了很少以……交換……的跡象 切分成分：

1.While every generation has its turn with…比較狀語從句

2.an attachment for antiques or nostalgia for outdated technology 介詞with的賓語 3.its sleek, modern designs 介詞in的賓語

4.dark furniture or knick-knacks from bygone eras介詞in的賓語

參考譯文：雖然每代人都對舊物或是老科技有所依戀，但當下崇尚科技的文化顯示了極少跡象，會以現代流暢的設計去交換過去的深色家具或小物件高手與人辯論時，最忌一時看不清對手的邏輯謬誤，被拉進無休止的無意義討論中。比如說最常見的謬誤——人身攻擊（ad hominem），即不用證據、事實或理由去維護立場，而是透過標簽、挑釁或謾罵來攻擊對手。來看看兩位世界頂級大咖的互掐。臉書創始人扎克伯格在直播中被問道，怎么看待馬斯克的殺人機器人言論。扎克伯格說，人工智能會構建更和諧的世界，我認為那些反對者試圖描繪一幅末日場景，我不明白，我真的認為這是非常不負責的。不久馬斯克就在推特中反駁道，扎克伯格對人工智能領域的理解很有限。直接擺出了一幅我懶得和你這種水平的人搭話的態度。另外，值的一提的是，霍金也和馬斯克一樣，認為人工智能會讓人類成為二等公民，或者發起終結者式的叛亂。

今天的句子：The groundwork for the world’s nerdiest fight was laid by Musk, the Tesla and SpaceX CEO, earlier this month, when he pushed again for the proactive regulation of artificial intelligence because he believes it poses a “fundamental risk to the existence of civilization”.詞匯突破

Groundwork 基礎 Nerdy 書呆子的Proactive regulation 事前監管 Fundamental 十分重要的Existence 生存Civilization 文明 確定主干：

The groundwork for the world’s nerdiest fight was laid by Musk.切分成分：

1.the Tesla and SpaceX CEO同位語2.earlier this month時間狀語

3.when he pushed again for the proactive regulation of artificial intelligence時間狀語從句4.because he believes…原因狀語從句

5.(that)it poses a “fundamental risk to the existence of civilization”賓語從句 參考譯文：特斯拉和SpaceX的CEO伊隆?馬斯克本月早些時候，一再強烈要求建立針對人工智能的事前監管，為世界上最書呆子氣的沖突埋下伏筆。他相信人工智能對“文明的存續造成重大風險”。明天的句子：

Imitation can get a bad reputation, but researchers say our species’ drive to imitate so readily is a significant mechanism through which we learn social norms, integrate into society, and build social connection.And, they say, this level of imitation might be what sets us apart from other species and may have set us on the path to building an advanced society.英語中有句諺語：“模仿是最真誠的恭維”（Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery）。科學家的研究表示，模仿的重要性不僅如此，還可能是人之所以為人的根源。嬰幼兒時期，人們就開始模仿周遭的人，學人吐舌頭，把耳朵靠近電話聽筒，向給自己打招呼的手揮手。等我們成年后，遇到心儀的人會不自主地模仿對方的身體語言，和朋友買一樣的紅鞋子，網購明星同款。也許很多人不愿意承認自己是模仿者，然而科學研究表明只有人類才能建立高度組織化的社會文明正是源于模仿。獲得知識有兩種基本途徑，一種是嘗試—犯錯—嘗試，這種方法無疑是最直接、最有開創性、也最受尊敬的，但它效率極低；另一種就是模仿，模仿使得人類得以快速地掌握復雜的語言和社會文化，相當于“抄了小道”。人類不僅有意識地模仿具有直接功能目的的舉動，還會無意識地模仿那些看起來多余且無稽的言行。

今天的句子：Imitation can get a bad reputation, but researchers say our species’ drive to imitate so readily is a significant mechanism through which we learn social norms, integrate into society, and build social connection.And, they say, this level of imitation might be what sets us apart from other species and may have set us on the path to building an advanced society.詞匯突破：1.Imitation 模仿2.Reputation 名聲

3.Mechanism 機制4.Integrate 融入

第一句：

確定主干：Imitation can get a bad reputation, but researchers say…

切分成分：(that)our species’ drive to imitate so readily is a significant mechanism賓語從句 through which we learn social norms, integrate into society, and build social connection定語從句，修飾mechanism 第二句：

確定主干：And this level of imitation might be…

切分成分：what sets us apart from other species and may have set us on the path to building an advanced society what = something/that 參考譯文：模仿也許名聲不好，但研究者說人類極其樂于模仿的沖動是一種重要機制，通過這種機制我們學習社會規范、融入群體和建立聯系。他們認為，這種模仿水平也許是將人類與其他物種區別開來的原因，它也讓我們走上了建立先進社會的道路。倫敦金融區的金絲雀碼頭一直是歐盟的藥品管理局和銀行監管局的所在地。英國退歐留出的空缺讓歐盟成員國蠢蠢欲動，競相使出渾身解數，想讓這兩家備受矚目的機構落地自家后院。一場脫歐遺產爭奪戰正在上演。19個國家已經正式申請接管歐盟醫藥局，8個國家表達了對銀行監管局的興趣，只有愛沙尼亞、斯洛文尼亞、塞浦路斯、匈牙利、立陶宛和拉脫維亞6國懶得折騰。一些國家花重金雇傭了公關公司來制作申請材料：光鮮的宣傳冊、高清視頻，還有各種逗笑的吹捧段子。阿姆斯特丹在視頻里說自己是藥品管理局的不二之選，因為“我們也有時髦的王后，也喜歡魚和薯條。而且我們英語說得倍兒棒。”捷克則表示所有管理局的工作人員可以５年免費參觀任何博物館以及布拉格動物園。維也納說自已的自來水質量上乘，來自于高山清泉，也是世界上唯一一個釀酒業發達的首都（來上班還是來飲酒啊……）。米蘭為擁有17000家餐館而感到自豪（可能覺得管理局養了一大幫吃貨……）。瑞典則提示全世界自己可是頒諾貝爾獎的地方，更別說他們的宜家、Spotify和Skype了（諾獎可以走后門么？……）。最耿直的要屬巴黎和愛爾蘭了，一個提出拿出150萬歐元來幫銀行監管局交房租，另一個大手筆的表示要出7800萬歐元，其中第1年將1500萬給藥品管理局，并覆蓋銀行監管局頭10年一半的房租（洋氣的法國同學怎么比農民出身的愛爾蘭少了那么多……）。盧森堡大公國更是表示會免費送一橦新樓。（今天的解說有點多了，但各國熱烈的追求實在令我感動，沒控制住……）

今天的句子：In the past, decisions on the location of agencies have been made behind closed doors, and prompted huge arguments resolved only through trades and stitch-ups.This time, however, member states have devised clear rules for the competition, in an attempt to avoid a desperate squabble among the EU27 at the same time as the Brexit negotiations.詞匯突破

prompt 促使resolve 解決stitch-up 縫補，這里指彌補 devise 提出；策劃desperate 絕望的squabble 爭吵 第一句：

確定主干：Decisions have been made behind closed doors and prompted huge arguments.切分成分：In the past時間狀語on the location of agencies后置定語（that were）resolved only through trades and stitch-ups定語從句

第二句：確定主干：However, member states have devised clear rules for the competition.切分成分：This time 時間狀語

in an attempt to avoid a desperate squabble among the EU27介詞短語做目的狀語 at the same time as the Brexit negotiations時間狀語 參考譯文：過去關于歐盟機構地點的決策總是在私下達成，并會引發只能通過交易和彌補平息的巨大爭論。然而這一次成員國提出了清楚的競爭規則，試圖避免在英國退歐談判的同時出現令人極度無奈的爭吵。

隨著體育世界陷入一年一度的夏季迷茫期，一系列不祥的時刻正在出現。7月初斯蒂芬?庫里與金州勇士隊簽署為期5年的合同，合同價值僅為2億美元。在上個合同期，庫里憑借自己的表現和安慰人心的魅力，幫助勇士隊的價值從2010年的僅4.5億提升到現在了260億美元。消息一出，勒布朗?詹姆斯在推特上寫道：“為什么球員的薪水要有最高限？別回答。斯蒂芬這個夏天應該獲得4億。”另一則消息更是讓人們看到誰才是球員價值的最終受益者。7月中旬休斯頓火箭隊老板決定出售球隊，這支球隊24年來價值翻了19倍。

今天的句子：But by the time Lonzo Ball, the Lakers rookie point guard, whose passing ability is exceeded by only his father’s self-promotional thirst, lit up the N.B.A.’s summer league in Las Vegas in early July, a pattern was emerging.Beyond all the insiderish commentary about N.B.A.free agency and where Gordon Hayward, a borderline All Star, might end up, there was a steady stream of news that seemed to call into question the structure of labor and compensation in American professional sports.詞匯突破：rookie新人point guard 控球后衛pattern模式 commentary評論borderline邊界的compensation補償 第一句：確定主干：A pattern was emerging.切分成分：But by the time Lonzo Ball lit up the N.B.A.’s summer league in Las Vegas in early July時間狀語the Lakers rookie point guard同位語

whose passing ability is exceeded by only his father’s self-promotional thirst定語從句 第二句：確定主干：There was a steady stream of news.切分成分：1.Beyond all the insiderish commentary about N.B.A.free agency and where Gordon Hayward might end up讓步狀語從句 2.a borderline All Star同位語

3.that seemed to call into question the structure of labor and compensation in 4.American professional sports定語從句

參考譯文：湖人隊新秀控球后衛朗佐?鮑爾過人能力出色，僅次于他老爸自夸的狂熱。當他在拉斯維加斯點亮NBA的夏季聯賽時，一種模式已經成形。且不論所有關于NBA自由球員和全明星邊緣人戈登?海沃德去向的內部評論，仍源源不斷地冒出新的消息，看似令人懷疑美國職業賽事的用工和酬勞機制。美國許多餐廳基本都會使用一個竅門來平均原料成本——主推雞翅類菜肴。雞翅的價格在2016年底才不過1.8美元每鎊，而且屬于長盛不衰的高流量菜，男女老少約會聚會時都喜歡啃個雞翅。然而高需求一旦突破了原有的供需平衡，價格上漲必然會發生。今年餐廳不再能夠使用雞翅來分擔成本了，因為它的價格已經漲到2.9美元每鎊。就連供貨商也在報怨價格太離譜，“史上最貴的雞翅”。曾經人們反感動物脂肪，一味地青睞純瘦的雞胸肉，然而風水輪流轉，現在眾人又回歸了對肥美多汁的熱愛。The fat is back.今天的句子：The increased demand is sweet revenge for the humble wing, an unwanted poultry byproduct back in the 1980s, when the American dining public was certain that animal fats would kill them and demanded only boneless, skinless chicken breasts.But starting around 2009, wing prices started to eclipse those for breasts, hinting that demand for wingettes and drumettes was on the rise.詞匯突破

poultry 禽類byproduct 副產品eclipse 蝕；使黯淡 wingette 雞翅中drumette 雞翅根 第一句：

確定主干：The increased demand is sweet revenge for the humble wing.切分成分：an unwanted poultry byproduct back in the 1980s同位語

when the American dining public was certain…and demanded only boneless, skinless chicken breasts時間狀語從句

that animal fats would kill them賓語從句 第二句： 確定主干：

wing prices started to eclipse those for breasts.切分成分：

But starting around 2009狀語 hinting that…語

that demand for wingettes and drumettes was on the rise賓語從句 參考譯文：需求上漲是卑微的雞翅一次甜蜜的復仇。雞翅在20世紀80年代還是沒人想要的禽類副產品，那時美國的飲食男女確信動物脂肪會要了他們的命，只吃無骨無皮的雞胸肉。但從2009年開始，雞翅的價格開始超過雞胸肉，顯示對翅中和翅根的需求正在上漲。

被尊稱為“醫學之父”的希波克拉底（《希波克拉底誓言》仍是今天醫護人員的重要職業道德準則）曾提出過體液學說。這種學說認為人體內有４種不同類型的體液：血液、粘液、黃膽汁和黑膽汁。一旦脾分泌的黑膽汁過多，人就會感到抑郁——持續的心情灰暗，無緣由地長期感到恐懼或傷心。直到17世紀，神經學家Thomas Willis才認識到抑郁與體液無關，而是一種涉及大腦功能的復雜病變。雖然人們慢慢接受了抑郁是一種生理失調，而非古人認為的巫蠱抑或魔障之害（中世紀時抑郁的女性會被當作巫婆活活燒死），但是目前仍沒有長期和有效的治療方法。美國有12%的人正在服用抗抑郁藥物，且自殺率已經攀升到30年來最高點。

今天的句子：Although he had little else to offer patients besides the lifestyle remedies of the Greeks, melancholia was finally thought to be at least partly biological.In subsequent years, everything from herbal remedies to opium to music therapy to spinning stools designed to make people too dizzy to feel pain fell in and out of vogue.We can learn from the passage that___.(A)herbal remedies were once in fashion to control melancholia(B)there are many therapies to heal and cure melancholia(C)the Greeks finally found melancholia to be physical disease(D)the opium used to be used to cure the melancholia 詞匯突破：

remedy 治療melancholia 憂郁subsequent 接下來的 herbal 草藥的opium 鴉片spinning stool 旋轉凳vogue 流行

第一句: 確定主干：

melancholia was finally thought to be at least partly biological.切分成分：

Although he had little else to offer patients besides the lifestyle remedies of the Greeks讓步狀語從句 第二句：

確定主干：everything fell in and out of vogue.切分成分：

In subsequent years時間狀語

from herbal remedies to opium to music therapy to spinning stools 列舉，“from…to…to”結構

designed to make people too dizzy to feel pain后置定語，“too…to”太而不能

參考譯文：雖然他除了希臘人的生活方式療法之外就沒有什么可以提供給病人，但憂郁終于被認為至少部分源于生理。接下來的數年，從草藥、鴉片、音樂療法到旋轉凳所有那些旨在讓人因頭暈目眩而無法覺察痛楚的潮流時興時衰。昨天題目的解析：

Although he had little else to offer patients besides the lifestyle remedies of the Greeks, melancholia was finally thought to be at least partly biological.In subsequent years, everything from herbal remedies to opium to music therapy to spinning stools designed to make people too dizzy to feel pain fell in and out of vogue.We can learn from the passage that___.(A)herbal remedies were once in fashion to control melancholia Fashion=vogue

原文：herbal remedies fell in of vogue.選項：herbal remedies were once in fashion Too…to feel pain= to control melancholia 感覺不到痛苦=控制抑郁癥 所以A就是正確答案！

(B)there are many therapies to heal and cure melancholia Heal 和cure 不對，沒有說這些治療手段能治愈抑郁癥。(C)the Greeks finally found melancholia to be physical disease 翻譯：希臘人最終發現抑郁癥是生理疾病； 這個發現不是希臘人做出來的，所以排除！(D)the opium used to be used to cure the melancholia Used to be used = 過去被用，而現在不被用；

原文說的是鴉片治療抑郁癥過去流行過，現在不流行了。而不是說不用了。當然cure這個詞用的也不準確。今天的句子：

Back in 1990, Pew asked couples what made a marriage work, and fewer than half(47%)of adults said sharing household chores was very important.When couples were asked again 17 years since later, no other item on the list(which included faithfulness and happy sexual relationships)had risen in importance nearly as much, and across the demographic landscape―among men as well as women, marrieds as well as singles;old as well as young.According to the recent survey, what makes the marriage work well decisively ?(A)the loyalty to the marriage(B)the harmonious communication(C)the importance of home chores(D)the joint efforts for homework

近日，一位男子在Quora上的提問招來了全世界網友劈頭蓋臉的痛罵。他說，“我未婚妻的收入還不到我的四分之一，卻不肯婚后辭職，想讓我分擔家務。我告訴她要得到自己想要的，就得去找個收入和她一樣的。我說錯了么？”對于家庭分工這個課題，專門研究稀缺資源分配的經濟學有話要說。首先需要考慮的是專業化。亞當?斯密1776年在《國富論》中就提到，財富的秘密不在于金錢而在于勞動力的專業化：一個人不應尋求把所有事都做好，而是專心于自己最擅長也最能獲得成就感的事（這就是相對優勢理論）。所以對于這位男子和他的未婚妻來說，兩個人都更擅長和喜歡自己的工作，那么就都不應該放棄職業。這個矛盾就引出了下一個經濟學原則——公平。經濟學有一個經典實驗，叫做“最后通牒博弈”。參與者甲有20美元，他必須決定給乙一部分錢，如果乙拒絕接受，兩個人都不能得到錢。實際上，只有在甲將錢的40-50%分給乙時，才能達到博弈的效能最大化，因為更低的數額會顯失公平，令乙退出博弈。這個原則應用到家務分配中，就是說不管雙方收入如何，身份完全平等的夫妻（古代或落后法律制度下不平等的關系除外）應該盡量分擔家務這種枯燥且認同感極低的工作，否則婚姻這個“博弈”將無法持續地進行下去。詞匯突破

Chores 雜活Faithfulness 忠誠Demographic 人口的 第一句： 確定主干：

Pew asked couples …and fewer than half of adults said… 切分成分：

Back in 1990時間狀語

what made a marriage work賓語從句

（that）sharing household chores was very important賓語從句 第二句： 確定主干：

no other item on the list had risen in importance nearly as much.切分成分：

When couples were asked again 17 years since later時間狀語從句 and across the demographic landscape狀語

among men as well as women, marrieds as well as singles;old as well as young 狀語(which included faithfulness and happy sexual relationships)定語從句

參考譯文：上個世紀90年代，皮尤研究中心問一些情侶和夫妻：什么能使婚姻穩固？低于一半（47%）的成年人表示，分擔家務非常重要。而17年后情侶和夫妻們被問到同樣的問題時，沒有任何一項（包括忠誠度以及和諧的性生活）在重要性上的提升能夠接近“分擔家務”，而且遍布所有人口結構——不論男女、婚否或是老幼都這么認為。The need for reform was demonstrated, the commission says, by the extraordinary case of a 14-year-old girl suffering from terminal cancer, identified only as JS, who sought permission last year from the high court to have her body cryogenically preserved in the hope that she could be brought back to life at a later date.詞匯突破：

Demonstrate 證明；展示Extraordinary 非凡的；特別的Cryogenically 低溫地；冷凍地

確定主干：

The need for reform was demonstrated by the extraordinary case.切分成分：

1.the commission says插入語

2.of a 14-year-old girl suffering from terminal cancer后置定語 3.identified only as JS定語，相當于who was identified only as JS 4.who sought permission last year from the high court定語從句

5.to have her body cryogenically preserved in the hope不定式作目的狀語 6.that she could be brought back to life at a later date同位語從句

參考譯文：法律委員會表示，14歲女孩（僅以代號JS識別）的特別案件證明了改革的必要性。這位罹患晚期癌癥的女孩去年向高等法院申請批準冰凍保存遺體，希望將來某一天能復活。

上周末，谷歌一位工程師在內部備忘錄中抨擊了谷歌的性別平等計劃，認為科技行業中存在性別差距的部分原因來自于生理（他認為女性的抗壓能力相對較低，谷歌不應把“共情力”看的那么重要），谷歌應該停止通過所謂的性別平等計劃“排外保守主義者”。該內部備忘錄后流出，引爆了社交網絡，招來一片討伐之聲。然而據這名工程師說，許多谷歌的同事都同意和衛護他的觀點。谷歌的人力資源在兩方之間又是躲石子又是找立場，一時間不知道如何回應。直到周一，谷歌的首席官SundarPichai說：“這份備忘錄違反了我司的行為準則，通過倡導有害的性別定型越了界。”谷歌工程副總裁Ari Balogh發表聲明說：“我們文化中很重要一部分是分享不同的觀點。但這份備忘錄的一個方面讓我深刻不安，他暗示女性或者男性必須以一種特定的方式去感受或行動。這是有害的標簽化。它的內核是偏見。”彭博社隨后報道，該名員工已被解聘。而谷歌對于這份報道沒有提出異議，相當于默認了解聘行為的發生。今天的句子： After a controversial memo by a Google engineer about diversity programs at the company and gender differences went viral over the weekend, sparking an explosive reaction on social media, the search giant did not dispute media reports late Monday that the employee had been fired.詞匯突破：

controversial有爭議的diversity多元化的viral廣為傳播的 spark引起；導致explosive爆炸性的 確定主干：

the search giant did not dispute media reports late Monday.切分成分：

1.After a controversial memo…went viral over the weekend時間狀語從句

2.by a Google engineer about diversity programs at the company and gender differences后置定語；修飾memo 3.sparking an explosive reaction on social media現在分詞其主語是前面這件事 4.that the employee had been fired同位語從句

參考譯文：周末谷歌工程師的一份極具爭議的內部備忘錄在社交網路上瘋狂傳播，引發爆炸性反應。備忘錄內容有關谷歌的多樣性計劃和性別差異。之后，這家搜索引擎巨頭沒有否認周一晚些時候關于該名雇員已被解聘的媒體報道。

“骨灰級”工作狂、96歲的菲利普親王于本周三正式退休，終于結束了長達65年的公職。從1952年至今，不數他陪伴女王出席的各種活動，他一共單獨出席了22219場公開活動。菲利普親王同時還是一位風趣詼諧的段子手，為女王獲得了很多支持，但也曾因為開不恰當的政治玩笑而頻上媒體頭條。時光無情，當年俊美的希臘王子如今已是耄耋之年。他經過了二戰卻也熟稔這個和平時代的處處互聯，更是一步步幫助妻子渡過了皇室的公眾信任危機。談到順應潮流、適應時代同時堅持傳統，這個世上也許沒有比英國皇室和菲利普親王做得更好的了——一個古老的君權和一位古稀的老人舍棄了那張不露聲色的貴族臉，融入了新千年中大眾的熱忱。

今天的句子：Managing extreme old age – the prince is 96 – is a new challenge for the monarchy, but only one of many that this extraordinary institution now has to confront.It is doing so with the kind of professionalism that has also become typical since its hold on popular esteem seemed genuinely challenged in the dark days between the row over the taxpayer paying for the 1992 Windsor Castle fire and the death of Princess Diana five years later.詞匯突破

monarchy 君主制institution 機構confront 面對 professionalism 職業精神esteem尊敬genuine 真實的第一句： 確定主干：

Managing extreme old age is a new challenge for the monarchy, but only one of many… 切分成分：

1.the prince is 96插入語

2.that this extraordinary institution now has to confront定語從句 第二句： 確定主干：

It is doing so with the kind of professionalism that has also become typical.切分成分：

1.since its hold on popular esteem seemed genuinely challenged in the dark days 時間從句 2.between the row over the taxpayer paying for the 1992 Windsor Castle fire and the death of Princess Diana five years later 后置定語，在……和……之間的日子

參考譯文：應對高齡是皇室的一個新挑戰（親王已經96歲），但這僅是這個特別機構現在必須面對的眾多困難之一。皇室正秉著一種職業精神應對。從1992年關于溫莎堡大火由納稅人埋單的爭吵到1997年黛安娜王妃去世的黑暗日子里，皇室在大眾心目中的地位的確受到了挑戰，而之后職業精神便成了皇室典型的行事作風。

不管你是個熱心的素食者還是個固執的肉食者，不管你用的是帆布袋還是塑料袋，你一個人對于生態的影響是微乎其微的。但這些生活細節就極大地影響別人怎么看你，你如何看自己。心理學家發現，如果人們極其關注社會地位時，傾向于在公共場所購物時選擇綠色產品。也就是說虛榮心，而不是行為效能，才是促進大部分人環保的最有效因子。但虛榮心只有在被別人看得見時才發揮作用，一旦回到私下則會出現“道德許可”現象。即人們覺得在一方面做“夠”了好事，就能在另一方面放松放松。比如說大部分說自己綠色環保的精英人士從來沒有拼過車也沒有盡量避免坐飛機出行，而單是這兩項的碳足跡就遠超過吃肉了。換句話說，也就是自我克制常常會導致自我放縱（認真減過肥的人想必有所體會）。

今天的句子：When people shopped in a green(versus conventional)simulated online store, they felt like they’d done their good deed for the day and were more likely to cheat or steal in a subsequent task-an effect psychologists call “moral licensing”.Similarly, getting weekly feedback on water consumption reduced people’s water use by 6 percent, but it increased their electricity use by 5.6 percent—as if they felt that being careful in one area entitled them to relax in another.詞匯突破

Simulate 模仿Subsequent 接下來的Moral licensing 道德許可 Feedback 反饋Consumption 消費Entitle 使有……權力

第一句： 確定主干：

they felt like they’d done their good deed for the day并列成分一 and were more likely to cheat or steal in a subsequent task并列成分二 切分成分：

When people shopped in a green(versus conventional)simulated online store條件狀語從句

an effect psychologists call “moral licensing” 同位語 第二句： 確定主干：

getting weekly feedback on water consumption reduced people’s water use by 6 percent并列成分一

but it increased their electricity use by 5.6 percent并列成分二 切分成分：

as if they felt …方式狀語從句

that being careful in one area entitled them to relax in another賓語從句

參考譯文：人們在模擬的綠色線上商店購物時，會覺得今天的善行已經完成，更有可能在接下來的任務中作弊或打折扣——這種效應被心理學家們稱為“道德許可”。相似的，人們在每周獲得用水量反饋后可減少6%的用水，但用電量卻上升了5.6%，就像是他們覺得一個方面用心，就有權力在另一方面放縱。

It’s a rough world out there.Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat.Light up the stove and you could burn down the house.Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles.Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.51.What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened? [A] Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.[B] Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.[C] Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.[D] Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.先做題再看解析吧！題目的解析：

1.It’s a rough world out there.外面的世界很殘酷；

2.Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat.一出門，你可能在門墊上滑倒，摔斷了腿；

3.Light up the stove and you could burn down the house.一給爐子生火，你可能會把房子給燒了。前三句話做了一個引入； 4.Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles.幸運的是，如果門墊或者火爐沒有警告即將到來的災難，一場成功的訴訟可能會對你的麻煩做出賠償。

5.Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.這句話是重點，因為題干有很明顯的定位詞”1980s” 句法分析： 句子主干：

Or so the thinking has gone（since the early 1980s狀語）這里的or = and So 用法你應該見過：

“確實是這樣”，表示對前面陳述事實的強調，結構為so+主語+助動詞/情態動詞/系動詞

例句：Tony works very hard at all the subjects.So he does.這里的has gone 就是系動詞= has been;The food has gone bad.= The food has been bad.所以主干變成大家能讀懂的樣子就是： And the thinking has been so since the early 1980s 從1980年代以來人們的想法就是這樣的了！（所以第四句就是答案來源句！）再來看一下這個狀語從句：

when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.那時候陪審團開始認為(holding)更多的公司應該為他們消費者的不幸負責（liable for）。怎樣原文解釋的夠清楚了吧！51.What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened? [A] Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.選擇A的同學主要是不知道relive的搭配！Relieve something 表示的是減輕…

但是relieve sb of sth 也就是sb is relieved of sth，只能表示“免除某人…；”“某人被免除…” 所以這里的A選項就是不對的，不可能通過一場訴訟就免除災難！你以為法院是寺廟呢？還可以消災免難？打完官司出來一看，我去，腿沒斷！！（媽的，智障！）這就是很多年詞匯的梗了！

[B] Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.這是正確答案，受傷的顧客可以期待從法律系統中獲得保護； 也就是第四句講的：

a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles.模糊替換！

[C] Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.（公司可以通過提供新的警告來避免被起訴。）

選C的同學，你要是能給我找出哪里有“提供新的警告”，以及“避免被起訴”我就把電腦吃下去，你是自己在腦子里想出來的吧！你是蔣中挺派來的？自己去一元，冷靜一下！[D] Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.（陪審團常常會挑出公司承諾賠償的毛病。）

這也是屬于要上天的同學選的答案，你想象力太豐富了，給你一個jury 你就能選D，在多給點其他的，你就要和太陽肩并肩了！滾粗！別燙著自己！

阿黛爾6月底向粉絲致公開信道歉取消兩場已經售盡的演唱會，她寫道：“我不知道怎么開口。前兩晚我已經力不從心了。我的聲帶已經不能再堅持。”音樂產業最有力的年輕之聲陷入沉默。年僅29歲的阿黛爾已經是第二次聲帶受傷，第一次她通過高風險的聲帶微手術找回了聲音。然而聲樂老師Lisa Paglin和Marianna Brilla在那次手術時就已經把聲譽賭上，準確地預料到阿黛爾會因傷再次離開舞臺，原因是手術治標并未治本。他們認為當前越來越多的藝術家面臨嚴重的聲帶損傷，是因為自從瓦格納以來人們就開始崇尚一種不自然的演唱方式，張得不能再大的嘴巴，大口大口的呼吸，面部表情極其駭人。這種發聲方式已經導致大量歌唱家失去聲音。也許我們太習慣現在的表演方式，太習慣了尖叫出來的高音和宣泄，忘記了在貝尼亞米諾·吉里的時代，壓根就沒有聽說過聲帶受損這回事，那時所有的表演者唱歌都帶著自然輕松的愉快表情。每一種嗓音都有特殊的處理方法，力圖服從本能，掌握令自已舒適的發聲方式，才是長久之道。今天的句子：They aim to stimulate the cords precisely where they aren’t coming together properly, and to break students out of the bad habits that cause problems in the first place: taking big gulps of air,tensing the throat and jaw muscles, forcing the mouth to open to exaggerated proportions, and the urge to scream out the high notes.詞匯突破：

cords 聲帶precisely 準確地gulp 大口吸氣exaggerate 夸張notes音節音符 確定主干：

They aim to stimulate the cords precisely and to break students out of the bad habits（grow out of the bad habit :改掉壞習慣）切分成分：

1.where they aren’t coming together properly地點狀語從句 2.that cause problems in the first place定語從句 列舉：

3.taking big gulps of air habits 4.tensing the throat and jaw muscles habits 5.forcing the mouth to open to exaggerated proportions habits 6.and the urge to scream out the high notes habits 參考譯文：他們的目標是準確刺激聲帶中未正常聚攏的地方，并讓學生打破首先導致問題的壞習慣：大口吸氣，緊繃喉嚨和顎肌，強迫嘴巴張到夸張的程度，以及尖叫出高音的沖動。

生命起源于何處？Fiat lux et facta est lux.（Let there be light and then there is light.許多大學的座右銘源于這個拉丁文。）有了光之后呢？曾經我們認為原始海洋是生命的源初之地，為單細胞生物提供了能量、養分和庇護，并進一步催化它們發展成為更復雜的生命形式。但是這個理論有諸多漏洞。最說不通的地方在于海洋中大量的水會快速稀釋和分散聚合生命所需的分子，這些化學物質根本來不及相互作用，以形成細胞膜和原始的新陳代謝體系。最近分子學家對澳大利亞一處古巖石的考古發現，為生命的起源提供了新的方向。他們認為，生命不來自海洋，而起源于陸地上干濕交替的火山間歇泉。一方面，火山帶來的地熱給原始生命提供了“起動資金”——能量；另一方面，分子可在干涸期的水洼中聚集和濃縮，從而進行的必要的化學反應，生成更加復雜的分子聚合物；而豐水期的再次到來則給予了這些高分子聚合物更多機會擴散，等到干涸期再次來臨時他們會繼續濃縮并反應，最終形成細胞膜的原形。The pools have heat to catalyze reactions, dry spells in which complex molecules called polymers can be formed from simpler units, wet spells that float these polymers around, and further drying periods that maroon them in tiny cavities where they can interact and even become concentrated in compartments of fatty acids—the prototypes of cell membranes.詞匯突破

catalyze 催化；刺激molecule 分子polymer 高分子聚合物 maroon 把……困在cavity 洞；凹處compartment 分隔的空間 fatty acid脂肪酸cell membrane細胞膜spell 時期 確定主干：

The pools have heat…, dry spells, wet spells, and further drying periods.切分成分：

to catalyze reaction 不定式做后置定語

in which complex molecules called polymers…定語從句

(that)can be formed from simpler units 定語從句，省略引導詞that that float polymers around…定語從句 that maroon them in tiny cavities定語從句

where they can interact and even become concentrated in compartments of fatty acids定語從句

the prototypes of cell membranes同位語

參考譯文：（這些水洼擁有熱能、干涸期、豐水期以及更多的干涸期。）（我調整了一下語序；大家看看怎么樣。）熱能可催化（化學）反應，干涸期中簡單分子能夠形成復雜的高分子聚合物，豐水期中這些高分子聚合物可四處漂浮，而更多的干涸期則將它們困在凹洞內相互作用，甚至在脂肪酸分隔成的空間內匯集——即細胞膜的雛形。

今天的題目：A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide — the division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor.And that divide does exist today.My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide.There are reasons to be optimistic.55.Digital divide is something ________.[A] getting worse because of the Internet [B] the rich countries are responsible for [C] the world must guard against [D] considered positive today 今天題目的解析:A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide — the division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor.And that divide does exist today.My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide.There are reasons to be optimistic.55.Digital divide is something ________.[A] getting worse because of the Internet 選A的同學估計是蔣中挺派來的搗亂的，或者就是他選的！不然沒有合理的理由解釋，你們哪里看到互聯網了！滾粗！[B] the rich countries are responsible for 選B的同學估計是中蔣中挺的毒太深，世界上的壞事都是富裕的國家干的。你在文章中哪里看到富裕的國家應該負責任了？滾粗！[C] the world must guard against 對應 My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.looming danger=something the world must guard against！完美替換，正確答案！[D] considered positive today 選D的同學我很同情你們！

What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide.我知道你丫看的是這一句！解析：

主語+系動詞+表語

沒有被人們注意到的是=（What was less visible 主語從句）were =不那么明顯（visible)的是 the new, positive forces(表語！）定語從句獨立成句：

that work against the digital divide.=the new, positive forces work against the digital divide 這種新的正面的力量正在對抗著digital divide！再次說明digital divide 不是個好東西！

（你丫不獨立成句！以為句子短就可以任性！）最后一句：

所以（對于digital divide 這個危險）有理由保持樂觀！把這段話給我背下來!好好的感受寫作的套路！！本段總結：

你們20年前沒有注意到的危險，我們注意到了！現在你們在擔心這個危險了，我來告訴你，不用擔心，我已經看到一個抵抗的力量了！（接下來就是寫這個抵抗力量是什么！）

公共衛生專家有時會用一座城市的地鐵線路圖或鐵路交通圖來研究和描述收入差距與居民壽命的相關性。比如說倫敦的銀禧線，從政治中心西敏寺到后工業區坎寧鎮的8個站，每經過一個站，居民的平均壽命就會下降一歲。而在格拉斯哥市，從喬丹山到布里廳頓共7個站，男性平均壽命就從75.8歲下降至61.9歲。這些鮮明的區別也許是對廣泛存在的醫療不平等最醒目的描述。保守黨和自由民主黨聯盟共同執政的幾年內，貧富人口之間在醫療衛生方面的差別沒有像他們承諾的一樣縮小，反而因為經濟危機之后的緊縮政策而逐漸增大。今天的句子！

In England the coalition’s controversial Health and Social Care Act 2012 places the health secretary under “an overarching duty to have regard to the need to reduce inequalities between the people of England with respect to the benefits that may be obtained by them from the health service”.What can we learn from the passage?(A)The act of the social care demands the respect of people’s benefit.(B)The primary duty of the secretary is to shorten the gap of inequality.(C)The Social Care Act has caused the controversy about the secretary.(D)The coalition of England has caused the inequalities of the people.詞匯突破: coalition 聯盟controversial 有爭議的overarching 首要的；支配一切的 inequality 不平等obtain 獲得with respect to 關于to have regard to 關心… 確定主干：

The coalition’s controversial Health and Social Care Act 2012 places the health secretary under an overarching duty.切分成分：

1.In England 地點狀語

2.to have regard to the need…不定式做后置定語，修飾duty 3.to reduce inequalities between the people of England不定式做后置定語，修飾need 4.with respect to the benefits…介詞短語做后置定語

5.that may be obtained by them from the health service定語從句 翻譯點撥：

我把主語翻譯為一個句子：

In England the coalition’s controversial Health and Social Care Act 2012 在英格蘭，聯盟提出的2012年醫療和社會保障法案備受爭議。This Act places the health secretary under an overarching duty 該法案規定衛生部長的首要責任是

參考譯文：在英格蘭，聯盟提出的2012年醫療和社會保障法案備受爭議。該法案規定衛生部長的首要責任是去關注一種需求即：減少英格蘭人從醫療服務中可能獲得的福利方面的不平等。

Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing.The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required by the Thatcher Government's Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs.But it is the arrival of new satellite channels — funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers' subscriptions — which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.58.The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than ________.[A] the emergence of commercial TV channels

[B] the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government

[C] the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs

[D] the challenge of new satellite channels

思路解析：

第一句：BBC不得不改變，因為其周圍的廣播的世界在變！第二句：變化的表現一。（原因一）第三句：變化的表現二。（原因二）

現在問題就來了：到底是看第二句還是看第三句呢？ A選項和B選項還有C選項仿佛在對應著第二句； D選項對應第三句；

這個時候就要檢查你是否尊重題干了！

題干中有個很重要的定位詞: The foremost reason 這是在問最主要的原因！所以第二句和第三句的地位是不一樣的！

第三句中：But it is the arrival of new satellite channels — funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers' subscriptions — which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.有But,有biggest所以第三句才是主要原因啊！

所以答案只能選擇D！

同時：ABC這三個選項都不是對第二句話的同意替換，只是看上去有點相似而已！即使你看不出ABC的錯誤，那你也必須知道定位到第二句就是錯的！當你讀到關于癌癥研究的新聞故事時，請記住一個健康警示：相信字里行間的希望，但別信里邊的炒作。一個好的新聞標題醒目煽動，可迅速地“收割”大范圍的讀者注意力；然而堅實的科學卻是長期針對復雜問題一步一步邁出的路。如果一種新的療法仍在研究過程中，那意味著真正應用到臨床還需要很多年。雖然我們在面對華而不實的信息時要保持頭腦的清醒，但是仍需承認癌癥的治療已多有突破，希望一直都在。現在我們知道除了傳統的侵入性化療之外，還有一些更智能更有效的靶向藥。比如說一些乳腺癌細胞的存活有賴于一種叫做HER2的蛋白質，可使用抗體藥物赫塞汀進行治療；而另一種乳腺癌細胞則依附于雌激素，可由抗雌激素它莫西芬控制。

As blogger Kay Curtin, who has advanced melanoma, puts it: “The media tend to pick one line on a report and run with it, but they do not draw attention or highlight that it’s just a potential benefit, or the fact that many of these are just proven in a petri dish or a mouse and very often do not prove effective when tested on humans.It is cruel to existing patients to make claims with misleading headlines.” 詞匯突破：

1.Advance +疾病=患病2.melanoma 黑素瘤5.petri dish 皮氏培養皿 6.proven in a petri dish or a mouse : 比喻只是在實驗階段;確定主干： 第一句：

The media tend to pick one line on a report and run with it.并列成分一 But they do not draw attention or highlight?并列成分二 切分成分：

As blogger Kay Curtin puts it 狀語從句 Who has advanced melanoma定語從句 That it’s just a potential benefit 賓語從句

Or the fact that many of these are just proven in a petri dish or a mouse 同位語從句

And very often do not prove effective 相當于and many of these very often do not prove effective When tested on humans 時間狀語 第二句: It is cruel to existing patients to make claims with misleading headlines.參考譯文：誠如罹患晚期黑素瘤的博客作家Kay Curtin所言：“媒體常常從報告中摘一句話，就這句話寫開去，但卻不強調或令人注意好處只不過是潛在的，或者其中許多僅在培養皿中或實驗鼠身上實現過，在人體測試中經常被證明無效。用誤導性的標題來提出主張，這對于現在的病人是殘忍的。”

明天的句子：

A report in early December from the D.C.Fiscal Policy Institute, an organization that researches budgets and taxes that affect needy residents in the city, revealed that with rising rent, the poorest Washington residents faced spending more than half their income on housing.This feeds the grim cycle Ms.White and Ms.Kelly know well: the abbreviated stays in shelters, the faint hope of independent housing, the evictions, the return to beds they do not own and have little interest in occupying.31 美國權力的中心華盛頓市，蜿蜒的安那卡那斯提亞河流過時髦高檔的海軍船塢社區。對岸的臨時住宅樓籠罩在Frederick Douglass故居陰影下，它是這光鮮的首都最窮困最潦倒的市民們的容身之所。這個在權力的光環下日益昂貴的城市同時也催生了越來越多無家可歸的流浪者，就像兩個平行宇宙突兀地共存著。根據美國市長會議的調查，華盛頓在32座參加調查的城市中流浪者比率最高，每1萬人就有142人無家可歸，是全美平均水平的兩倍。高企的房價更是令許多普通市民購置自有住房成為遙不可及的幻夢，同樣勢不可擋的房租則吃掉了一般職員的大部分薪水。與以往不同，現在新加入“無家可歸大軍”的市民，很多都是有工作的人。今天的句子：A report in early December from the D.C.Fiscal Policy Institute, an organization that researches budgets and taxes that affect needy residents in the city, revealed that with rising rent, the poorest Washington residents faced spending more than half their income on housing.This feeds the grim cycle Ms.White and Ms.Kelly know well: the abbreviated stays in shelters, the faint hope of independent housing, the evictions, the return to beds they do not own and have little interest in occupying.詞匯突破

fiscal policy財政政策reveal 揭露grim 冷酷的 abbreviate 縮寫，減少eviction驅逐 第一句： 確定主干：

A report revealed that? 切分成分：

1.in early December 時間狀語

2.from the D.C.Fiscal Policy Institute 介詞短語作后置定語

3.an organization that?同位語，修飾the DC Fical Policy Institute 4.that researches budgets and taxes?定語從句，修飾an organization 5.that affect needy residents in the city定語從句，修飾budgets and taxes 6.that with rising rent, the poorest Washington residents faced spending more

than half their income on housing賓語從句 第二句： 確定主干：

This feeds the grim cycle? 切分成分：

1.(that)Ms.White and Ms.Kelly know well定語從句 2.the abbreviated stays in shelters 并列成分一

3.the faint hope of independent housing 并列成分二 4.the evictions 并列成分三

5.the return to beds 并列成分四

6.(that)they do not own and have little interest in occupying 定語從句

參考譯文：華盛頓財務政策研究所是一家研究影響窮人的預算和稅收的機構。它12月份早些時候的一份報告揭露，房租上漲令華盛頓的貧困居民將超過一半的收入花在住房上。這助長了一種嚴酷的循環，對此懷特女士和凱利女士深有體會：收容所可停留時間縮短，自有房屋的希望渺茫，被驅逐，回到那些不屬于她們的床上，而她們也沒什么興趣占著那些床。

Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost

reductions and better coordinated service.Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because ________.[A] cost reduction is based on competition [B] services call for cross-trade coordination [C] outside competitors will continue to exist [D] shippers will have the railway by the throat 今天題目的解析：

1.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.新的超級系統的支持者認為這些合并將會帶來（allow for）大幅的費用降低和更好的協調服務

2.Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.他們認為任何由壟斷所帶來的威脅都被來自卡車的競爭給消除了。

3.But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.但是很多貨主卻抱怨道對于需要長途運輸的大宗商品，比如煤炭，化學品和糧食；有卡車運輸就太貴了。這樣一來鐵路就卡住了他們的脖子。（這里是個比喻，表示這些貨主受制于鐵路行業）

According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because ________.那些支持合并的人認為，鐵路行業的壟斷是不可能的，因為_______.精確定位只能到第二句！第一句雖然也是支持合并的人的觀點，但是沒有談到壟斷啊！所以 [A] cost reduction is based on competition（費用的降低是基于競爭的）

[B] services call for cross-trade coordination（服務需要跨行業的協調）A和B我真的不會選！

對D選項我更是要呵呵了！

[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat（貨主將會卡住鐵路的脖子）

且不說誰卡誰的脖子，定位就錯了啊！問的是支持者的觀點，第三句是貨主的觀點！我肯定不會選！

但是我也知道大家在考場上還做不到第一步就能排除ABD，那我就只希望你們在最后選擇的時候問一問自己：我有沒有精確定位！我有沒有尊重題干！[C] outside competitors will continue to exist 直接對應第二句：competition from trucks= outside competitors 這里就可以積累這樣兩個句子：

A句：Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.B句：According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because outside competitors will continue to

exist

The second half of the 20thcentury saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionarieslabour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio,the mail as well as the mail carrier.Not only did they develop such a devicebut by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique.The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also act with caution.This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading anduploading— between passive consumption and active creation — whose outcome willshape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.I call it a secret war for tworeasons.First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode.Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload.Beavers build dams and birds make nests.Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading.Humans are unique intheir capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods — paintings, sculpture and architecture — and superfluous experiences — music, literature, religion and philosophy.Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture andultimately what it is to be human.Downloading and consuming culture requiresgreat skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of adefining constituent of humanity.For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode.Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains,with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remain ingcontent to just consume.One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium — television — and television is defined bydownloading.Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes.The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.The networked computer offers thefirst chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.What counts as meaningfuluploading? My definition revolves around the concept of “stickiness”—creations and experiences to which others adhere.Applications like tumblr.com, whichallow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have

the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.1.According to the second paragraph, which of the following is true? [A]The networked computer overturned the traditional culture.[B]The online services wage a war against the creation.[C]The conflict between downloading and uploading makes the computer the culture machine.[D]The online shopping should be categorized as the mode of downloading.2.Bysaying “All animals download, but only a few upload.”, the author indicatesthat_______.[A]computer skills can be acquired by certain animals [B]it is difficult for animals to build homes [C]animals are different from humans in using digital means [D]the innovative activities set boundaries between humans and other species

3.The word “pyramid” mentioned in paragraph 5 means_______.[A]a marvelous human construction [B]the widespread access to the internet [C]the scarcity of creative minds [D]the prevalence of innovative thoughts

4.The author’s attitude towards networked computer is _______.[A]sympathy [B]objectiveness

[C]objection

[D]bias

5.Toassure the meaningful uploading, one must_______.[A]increase the entertainment value [B]take advantage of the media [C]combine useful materials [D]focus on the quality that interests people

特朗普對應對氣候變化態度冷淡（從他讓美國高調退出巴黎協定就可見一斑），這將對整個經濟和全球環境治理產生深遠的影響。可政治決策固然重要，但清潔能源領域科學進步的速度、大宗商品市場的起伏、個人及企業的投資決策都是影響應對氣候變化成效的關鍵因素。目前談到氣候變化政策時，關鍵的矛盾不在于環保的意愿，而在于由誰來埋單才不會顯失公平。比如出于技術的限制，清潔能源的使用會導致傳統能源從業人員大批失業和電價大幅上升，受影響最大的將是對日常生活支出價格敏感的普通民眾，所以很多人非常支持特朗普的政策，因為對于他們來說，養家糊口高于一切。今天的句子：

In pessimistic forecasts of the impact of climate change, the cost to adapt to a warming planet will eventually be huge, potentially including vast expenditures to try to protect cities from rising seas, adjusting agriculture to new climate patterns, and countless other changes to business and the economy.詞匯突破：

1.pessimistic 悲觀的 2.eventually 終于 4.expenditure 支出 6.pattern 模式

7.countless 數不清的 識別主干：

The cost?will eventually be huge.句子切分：

1.In pessimistic forecasts of the impact of climate change狀語 2.to adapt to a warming planet不定式作后置定語

3.potentially including?現在分詞，也可以把including理解成一個介詞，因為雖然include本身是個動詞，但including這個形式在長期的使用中，語法功能漸漸變得和介詞一樣 4.vast expenditures to try to protect cities from rising seas并列賓語一 5.adjusting agriculture to new climate patterns并列賓語二

6.and countless other changes to business and the economy并列賓語三

參考譯文：在那些對氣候變化影響的悲觀預測中，適應一個變暖的星球最終將成本巨大，可能包括因海平面持續上升所需的龐大的城市保護開支、調整農業適應新的氣候模式、以及數不清的其它商業和經濟改變。

明天的句子：

At rallies and in town hall meetings, and in a collection of blue state legislatures, liberal Democrats have pressed lawmakers, with growing impatience, to support the creation of a single-payer system, in which the state or federal government would supplant private health insurance with a program of public coverage.36 美國醫保體制由兩大部分組成，一是政府主導的聯邦醫療保險計劃（Medicare）、聯邦醫療補助計劃（Medicaid）、兒童健康保險（CHIP）和退伍軍人醫保體制（VA）等，在奧巴馬醫改實施后的2014年總共覆蓋了38%的美國人口；另一個是商業保險，覆蓋了53%的美國人口。平價醫療法案自出臺以來就爭議不斷，甚至在民主黨內部一些自由派人士都認為它成效有限，傾向于采取單一形式的由政府埋單的醫保制度。由民主黨控制的加州參議院通過初步計劃，以進行單一支付制醫保系統的立法。這是自2006年和2008年前州長施瓦辛格否決相關醫保法案后民主黨的首次鄭重嘗試。

今天的句子：At rallies and in town hall meetings, and in a collection of blue state legislatures, liberal Democrats have pressed lawmakers, with growing impatience, to support the creation of a single-payer system, in which the state or federal government would supplant private health insurance with a program of public coverage.詞匯突破：

rally 集會town hall meeting 市民大會legislature 立法機構

with growing impatience 日益急切supplant 取代coverage 保險范圍

識別主干：

liberal Democrats have pressed lawmakers? 句子切分：

1.At rallies and in town hall meetings, and in a collection of blue state legislatures 地點狀語 2.with growing impatience介詞短語作狀語

3.to support the creation of a single-payer system不定式作補足語

4.in which the state or federal government would supplant private health insurance with a program of public coverage 定語從句

參考譯文：自由派民主黨人士在集會和市民大會上、以及一系列藍州的立法機構中，日益急切地向立法者施壓，支持建立由州政府或聯邦政府以公眾保險計劃取代商業醫保的單一支付系統。

今天的題目：Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December.The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.51.The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ________.[A] global inflation [B] reduction in supply [C] fast growth in economy [D] Iraq’s suspension of exports 解析：

在這里我給大家提示一下：latest=recently 最近；就是一個時間概念，沒有比較的含義！所以latest 壓根就不是一個提示詞！

題干 ： “最近，油價上升了，主要原因是什么！” 不是問：“最近的原因的是什么！”

你見過“最近的原因”和“最遠的原因”嗎？有這樣說話的嗎？ 出題人就是在給你設一個坑，等你去選D！

D選項和B 選項一比，那個更主要嘛！肯定是“減少供給”是主要原因嘛！B選項的減少供給說的很模糊，沒說是誰減少的！這樣剛好可以替換第一句的

OPEC減少供給！OPEC是全球的石油輸出國國家組織！比伊拉克不知道大了多少倍！B為正確選項！你選對了嗎！D選項的伊拉克肯定不可能是主要原因！在文章沒有提供更多的信息的情況下，基本的常識就是答案依據了哦！

疲于奔命的都市職員們對城市公共交通的抱怨與日俱增、不絕于耳。令人無法忍受的延誤、擁擠和嘈雜使得紐約州州長說，這幾個月是通勤人的“地獄之夏”。聯邦交通委員會表示，全美的大眾交通系統都欠“修理”已久，估計需要到少900億美元的費用。哥倫比亞商學院的研究者認為，雖然外界條件無法迅速改變，仍有一些方法來改變通勤人的心理狀態，減少疲勞、焦慮和壓力。比如說做一件能令人專注的事，像學一門新的語言（我覺得坐地鐵的時候做背單詞這種平時覺得枯燥的事最能讓人心靜和放松）。警覺訓練也是如此，通過集中過于散漫的思維，人們能夠以更友善的態度面對不佳的環境，不會對陌生人無意撞了你這種常事而過于憤怒，透支本已心力交瘁的認知資源。

今天的句子：Mindfulness training, which includes stoppping your mind from wandering and directing your attention to what's happening in the moment, can build resilience and help people get through periods of heavy stress with their cognitive resources intact, according to a 2016 study.詞匯突破：

1.mindfulness 留心，警覺2.wander徘徊，閑逛3.resilience 彈性；恢復力 4.cognitive 認知的5.intact 完好無損的識別主干：

Mindfulness training can build resilience and help people get through periods of heavy stress.句子切分：

1.which includes stoppping your mind from wandering and directing your attention to what's happening in the moment 定語從句

2.with their cognitive resources intact 介詞短語作狀語 3.according to a 2016 study 插入語

參考譯文：2016年的一份研究顯示，警覺訓練——即停止思維散漫并集中注意力于當下正在發生的事——有助于建立韌性，幫人們度過壓力極大的時期，并完全無損于認知資源。文章來源：

The Boston Globe 2017-06-13 當亞歷山大?貝爾在波士頓向他的助手托馬斯?華生打出世界上第一次電話時，這位偉大的蘇格蘭發明家可能沒有預料到電話銷售會像瘟疫一樣蔓延，因為他只是找不到人干活而不得不拿起電話咆哮（很多跨越時代的改變最初發生時都是如此平淡世俗）。到2016年，平均每個月都會有約24億次預錄電話撥出。而且如果一家叫做“關于信息的一切”的公司的請求獲得法庭支持，情況將更加糟糕，因為他們的技術可令銷售電話無需等待響鈴就直接進入人們的留言信箱，大大減少了時間和成本。如果這種技術被豁免于《1991年電話消費者保護法案》的話，將大行其道，堵滿你的固話留言箱，用完你的套餐數據流量。今天的句子：

The technology, developed by Stratics Networks, allows messages to be delivered directly to voice mail without ringing through--a practice that will inevitably clog up landline inboxes and gobble up expensive cellphone data.The company argued in a recent petition to the Federal Communications Commission that ringless voice mails don't amount to actual phone calls and thus should be exempt from the venerable Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991.what can we infer from the text ?(A)The new technology of Stratics Networks creates the ringless phone call.(B)The company argues the voice mails are more like landline inboxes.(C)The Federal commission may abandon the Protection Act of 1991.38(D)The ringless voice mails may violate the Protection Act of 1991.詞匯突破： 1.deliver 傳遞

2.voice mail留言信箱 3.inevitable 無可避免的 4.clog up 堵塞

5.landline 固定電話

6.gobble up 狼吞虎咽；風卷殘云 7.petition 請求 8.exempt 豁免

9.venerable 受人尊敬的 句子一: 確定主干：

The technology allows messages to be delivered directly to voice mail without ringing through.切分成分：

1.a practice that?同位語

2.That will inevitably clog up landline inboxes and gobble up expensive cellphone data定語從句 句子二： 確定主干：

The company argued that? 切分成分：

1.in a recent petition to the Federal Communications Commission 狀語

2.that ringless voice mails don't amount to actual phone calls and thus should be exempt from the venerable Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 同位語從句

參考譯文：Stratics網絡發展的這種技術可直接發送消息至留言信箱，無需等鈴聲響完——這種做法無疑會堵塞固話留言箱、鯨吞昂貴的移動電話數據流量。這家公司最近在致聯邦通信委員會的請愿書中辯稱，無響鈴的語音留言不能算真正的通話，所以應豁免于可敬的《1991年電話消費者保護法案》。

昨天的題目答案選D The technology, developed by Stratics Networks, allows messages to be delivered directly to voice mail without ringing through--a practice that will inevitably clog up landline inboxes and gobble up expensive cellphone data.The company argued in a recent petition to the Federal Communications Commission that ringless voice mails don't amount to actual phone calls and thus should be exempt from the venerable Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991.what can we infer from the text ?(A)The new technology of Stratics Networks creates the ringless phone call.這家公司沒有創造不響鈴電話；他們研發的是不響鈴的短信；所以是偷換(B)The company argues the voice mails are more like landline inboxes.聲音郵件也不是更像landline inboxes；文章壓根沒說像什么，我就把這兩個詞拼湊在一起了。(C)The Federal commission may abandon the Protection Act of 1991.文章中沒有任何依據，即使加了may也不對；

(D)The ringless voice mails may violate the Protection Act of 1991.這也是今年6月份的一個句子：

美國眾議院議長Paul Ryan在一次制造業會議上表示，非常有信心共和黨人能夠一次性地糾正這個國家的稅收制度，雖然前方阻礙重重。但他的講話僅僅止步于這些美好而籠統的前瞻上，并未提及具體的細節和國會議員與本屆政府之間的磋商。稅收制度改革是共和黨必然要進行的政治舉措，因為它是該黨派的核心綱領和關鍵的大選承諾。然而稅收計劃的順利推行取決于共和黨人能否部分推翻奧巴馬醫改，如果成功那將為稅收改革掃清障礙，減少巨額的稅負，這樣稅收改革就無需花大力氣重復處理這個問題。

今天的句子：Tax policy would gain momentum/ if Republicans can pass a health law that repeals parts of former President Barack Obama's Affordable Care Act and cuts hundreds of billions of dollars in taxes that wouldn't have to be addressed as part of a tax plan.詞匯突破：

1.momentum勢頭2.repeal廢除3.affordable可負擔的 4.address處理；解決5.tax plan 稅收計劃 確定主干：

Tax policy would gain momentum.切分成分：

1.if Republicans can pass a health law?條件狀語從句

2.that repeals parts of former President Barack Obama's Affordable Care Act定語從句，修飾health law 3.and(that)cuts hundreds of billions of dollars in taxes定語從句，修飾health law 4.that wouldn't have to be addressed as part of a tax plan定語從句，That = hundreds of billions of dollars in taxes

參考譯文：若共和黨人能夠通過新的衛生法，部分廢除前總統奧巴馬的平價醫療法案，并減少數以千億計的稅負（稅收計劃就無需處理這個問題），稅收政策將獲得（新的）勢頭。（拾起勢頭。）

民用無人機進入大多數國人視野，大概還是始于搶了汪峰頭條那件事。老百姓們第一次意識到原來民用無人機技術已經如此精確而成熟，可以定制服務于人生最庸常不過的一件事——求偶上。要知道以前一談到無人機，就是美國炸了哪里。以亞馬遜和IBM為首的技術巨頭已經在無人機配送方面申請了若干專利，花費巨資研究了倉儲管理和物流運輸的無人機技術應用。而包括臉書在內的其它硅谷公司則認為把無人機等同于送快遞是非常低水平的應用，無人機不應該只限于送送戒指或灑灑農藥。相反臉書對無人機的研究方向在發展通訊上，通過無人機來中繼衛星信號，高效低成本地向無法通過傳統電纜獲得因特網接入的地區提供網絡信號。當然，商業無人機的未來發展將面對的障礙不僅來自技術方面，法律和監管是否能夠迅速跟進，確保其能在保護安全和秩序的前提下良性發展，也是非常關鍵的。今天的句子：

Deliveries are just one of the proposed uses of drones that seem speculative or impractical now but may become significant in future.Facebook, like Google and Amazon, is also investing in drones, but not for delivery: instead its drone, called Aquila, is a huge solar-powered machine intended as a communications relay, to extend internet access to parts of the world that lack connectivity.詞匯突破：

delivery遞送propose 建議drone 無人機speculative 投機的；推測的 impractical 不切實際的relay 轉播；中繼connectivity 連通性 第一句 確定主干：

Deliveries are just one of the proposed uses of drones? 切分成分：

that seem speculative or impractical now?定語從句 but(that)may become significant in future定語從句 第二句： 確定主干：

Facebook is also investing in drones instead its drone is a huge solar-powered machine 切分成分：

Like Google and Amazon同位語 But not for delivery插入語

called Aquila 后置定語，相當于which was called Aquila as a communications relay 狀語

to extend internet access to parts of the world不定式作后置定語 that lack connectivity定語從句 參考譯文：配送只是無人機的眾多建議用途之—。這些用途現在看起來純屬推測或不切實際，但將來也許會非常重要。臉書和谷歌及亞馬遜一樣正在投資無人機，但不是為了送貨，相反臉書的無人機Aquila是一個由太陽能驅動的大型機器，旨在中繼通訊，將互聯網接入世界上那些缺乏網路連通的地區。

明天的句子：“There is no experimental evidence to support the idea that people get asthma or exacerbated asthma from exposure to fragrances,” says Wolkoff, who suspects psychology is at work instead.A big problem with experiments that expose people to fragrances is that blinding is virtually impossible: the subject knows they are smelling a scent and this may affect their response.41 今天來談談香的壞處。這里的香不是“春風花草香”里的植物之香，亦不是“賭書消得潑茶香”中的雅香，更不是屈夫子詩句里滿滿的中藥香，而是現代商業帶來的各種含香消費品。香料的流行始于古埃及的貴族，他們非常喜歡麝香和其他來自珍稀動植物的昂貴且難求的原料。19世紀晚期開始，人們開始利用現代化工技術合成多樣且低成本的合成香料，從蠟燭到洗發水，甚至是廚房和廁所都慢慢散發出檸檬和松香的味道，人類從來沒有暴露在如此多的人工芳香化學物之中。問題在于沒有人知道這些含香產品是否安全，甚至很難知道它們的成分，在大多數國家廠家香料成分無需聲明。越來越多的人表示無孔不入的人工香味已經嚴重地影響了他們的健康，然而矛盾在于嗅覺是無法進行盲法實驗對比，因此很難排除心理因素。

今天的句子：

“There is no experimental evidence to support the idea that people get asthma or exacerbated asthma from exposure to fragrances,” says Wolkoff, who suspects psychology is at work instead.A big problem with experiments that expose people to fragrances is that blinding is virtually impossible: the subject knows they are smelling a scent and this may affect their response.詞匯突破： asthma 哮喘 exacerbate 加重 experiment 實驗 expose 暴露；置身 fragrance 芳香 scent 氣味 response 反應

第一句： 確定主干： ?says Wolkoff 切分成分：

There is no experimental evidence to support the idea 直接引語的主干

that people get asthma or exacerbated asthma from exposure to fragrances同位語從句 who suspects psychology is at work instead定語從句 第二句： 確定主干：

A big problem with experiments is that?

the subject knows they are smelling a scent and this may affect their response 切分成分：

that expose people to fragrances定語從句 that blinding is virtually impossible賓語從句 參考譯文：

Wolkoff說，“沒有實驗證據支持暴露于香氣中會讓人得哮喘或加重哮喘這一觀點”，相反他懷疑起作用的是心理。芳香實驗的一大問題在于，對于置身其中的人來說，盲法幾乎是不可能的：實驗對象知道他們正在聞一種氣味，這會影響他們的反應。

今天的句子：

莎士比亞曾經在威尼斯商人中寫道：“慈悲不是出于勉強，它像甘霖一樣從天而降，既賜福于施與者，又賜福于受施者”（The quality of mercy is not strained, it droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven upon the place beneath.It is twice blessed.It blessth him that gives and him that takes）。今天選的這篇文章標題即化用了這句經典，但恰恰是以相反的口吻——“勉強的慈悲”。如出此言？因為美國農業地區嚴重的老齡化和極高的老年癡呆病發率令許多家庭苦不堪言，到了“對上帝感到憤怒”（get angry with God）的地步（天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗）。美國正以前所未有的速度老齡化，加上年輕人口大規模涌向大城市，農業地區的人口構成越來越向65歲以上人群傾斜。而這個年齡段的美國人，每10位就有1位患有不同程度的老年癡呆，這對農業地區造成了巨大的社會和經濟負擔。

The migration of young adults fleeing farming communities coupled with the movement of retirees to pastoral settings is tipping rural demographics toward people age 65 and older.A recent report by the U.S.Department of Agriculture predicts a significant swelling of the retirement-age population in rural America,where the death rate is 14 percent higher in the nation’s least populated counties than in the most populated ones.詞匯突破： 2.flee逃離

3.coupled with 加上；與??結合=and 4.pastoral田園的；鄉村的

5.demographics人口統計；人口特征 7.swelling增長；膨脹 第一句： 確定主干：

The migration coupled with the movement is tipping rural demographics toward people age 65 and older.(coupled with 連接的主語，后面的動詞用單數。)切分成分：

1.fleeing farming communities 后置定語 2.of retirees to pastoral settings 后置定語 第二句： 確定主干：

A recent report predicts a significant swelling of the retirement-age population.切分成分：

1.by the U.S.Department of Agriculture 后置定語 2.in rural America, 狀語

3.where the death rate is 14 percent higher in the nation’s least populated counties than in the most populated ones.定語從句

參考譯文：年青人逃離農業社區的大遷移，加上退休人員向田園美景的回歸，農業人口的構成正在向65歲以上傾斜。美國農業部近期的一份報告預測，農業地區退休年齡以上的人口將大幅增長，且人口最稀少的郡縣死亡率將比最密集的高14倍。

也許要了解英國的政府治理，金斯林這個城市邊緣鎮并不是明顯的選擇。它處于“半陰影區”，經濟方面幾乎乏尚可陳，既不像劍橋那樣發達，可以吸引大數目的投資，也不像更東邊的市鎮那樣偏遠得毫無希望。為了振興經濟，讓小鎮重回14世紀商貿要塞的風光，當地一些政治人士提議與周邊的市鎮聯合組成特殊的行政區，推選出一名共同市長，以此來交換一定的財政支持。此計劃響應了2015年喬治?奧斯本提出的“放權革命”，即通過地方級別的聯合決策來促進經濟發展。但因有人擔心聯合的區域過大會導致尾大不掉、無疾而終，新一屆政府也不熱衷于放權，所以許多計劃最后都被投票否決。也就是標題所說的“空途末路”（Reaching a dead end）。

Yet in November the council voted to reject a plan for the 16 boroughs of Norfolk and Suffolk to join up in a “combined authority”, and accept a mayor for the region, known as East Anglia, in exchange for a slice of ￡25m funding a year for 30 years to support economic growth and the development of local infrastructure, as well as ￡130m for housing.詞匯突破

1.Boroughs 自治城市4.combined authority 6.East Anglia 東英格蘭（拉丁語）主干識別：

the council voted to reject a plan 切分成分: 1.for the 16 boroughs of Norfolk and Suffolk to join up in a “combined authority”, and accept a mayor for the region, known as East Anglia(plan的定語)諾福克和薩福克的16個區鎮組成“聯合當局”并且，此區域（被稱為東英格蘭）將接受一位市長

2.in exchange for a slice of ￡25m funding a year for 30 years to support economic growth and the development of local infrastructure, as well as ￡130m for housing.狀語

以交換30年每年2500萬英鎊撥款的一部分（用來支持經濟增長和當地基礎建設發展）以及1.3億英鎊住房津貼的一部分。

參考譯文：但是11月委員會投票否決了諾福克和薩福克的16個區鎮組成“聯合當局”的計劃。該計劃下此區域（被稱為東英格蘭）將接受一位市長，以交換未來30年每年2500萬英鎊的撥款（用來支持經濟增長和當地基礎建設發展）的一部分以及1.3億英鎊住房津貼的一部分。

In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance.Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed.“Knowledge is power” may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.62.We can learn from the last paragraph that ________.[A] it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possible

[B] people should make the best use of the information accessible

[C] we should realize the importance of accumulating information

[D] it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently 原文翻譯：在這個多變而又復雜的世界里，對信息的要求最為重要。那些擁有準確、可信、最新信息并用來解決日常問題、工作中的重要問題以及社會和家庭問題的人就能生存下去并取得成功。“知識就是力量”是再正確不過了，獲取信息也許是所有人最迫切的要求。

（這段話推薦大家背下來，可以用到寫作中，寫現代科技的發展。）

題型識別：推理題（記住推理題本質就是細節題，只是需要用選項的定位詞定位而已；）題干定位：最后一段

思路解析：記住推理題本質就是細節題，只是需要用選項的定位詞定位而已；

四個選項分別和原文比對。

選項分析：[A] it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possible

文中強調的是擁有準確可靠及時的信息，而不是強調信息的數量；排除

[C] we should realize the importance of accumulating information 文中強調了信息的及時準確而不是僅僅的積累信息，選項過于片面；排除

（再說一句，如果沒有D，你選C也是可以的，但是有了D，D就是最佳答

案！）

[B] people should make the best use of the information accessible

人們應該最好的利用可獲得的信息；

文中強調的去獲取信息，而不是利用信息；偷換概念

[D] it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently

這個選項中的：needed替換第一句

Effciently替換第二句 為正確選項。

同學們可以好好的體會一下，出題人真的是下了一番功夫的！這就是我要求大家只做真題的原因，你得習慣出題人的說話方式！

今天的題目： A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them.To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American.There are, of course, exceptions.Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US.Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.55.In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ________.[A] rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US[B] small-minded officials deserve a serious comment [C] Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors[D] most Americans are ready to offer help 幾年前看了部日本電影《那年夏天寧靜的海》，情節我倒是影響不深刻，但是名字一直記得，好聽。今天來說說愛爾蘭的那片沙灘吧。愛爾蘭沿岸最大的島嶼阿基爾島Dooagh村出現了一件奇怪的事。早在三十年前就因暴風雨被沖走的海灘（washed away by storms）復活節期間竟然在一次潮汐后重新出現。成百噸的沙子隨著海浪（transport sand in）留在了本已全是石頭和石坑的區域，再現了1984年前的黃金海灘盛景。居民對此十分高興（delighted to have the beach back），因為海灘可以帶來更多的游客，提升當地的民生。這座小島地處偏僻，目前依靠名人故居和作家勝地發展旅游業（1972年獲得諾貝爾獎的海因里希?伯爾曾在該島居住過）。

今天的句子：But after a freak tide around Easter this year, hundreds of tonnes of sand were deposited around the area where the beach once stood, recreating the old 300-metre stretch of golden sand.詞匯突破：1.Freak 奇怪的2.Easter 復活節3.Deposit 沉積4.Recreate 重新創造5.Stretch 一片地域或水域

確定主干：hundreds of tonnes of sand were deposited around the area 切分成分+獨立成句：

1.after a freak tide around Easter this year 狀語 2.where the beach once stood

3.recreating the old 300-metre stretch of golden sand.=This recreates the old 300-metre stretch of golden sand.（This 指代對象是前面的整個句子。）參考譯文：但今年復活節期間一次奇怪的潮汐之后，成百噸的沙子被沉積在原來海灘所處的區域，再現了昔日長達300米的黃金海灘。

昨天的解析：

A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them.To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American.There are, of course, exceptions.Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US.Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.去美國訪問的人經常帶回報告說，大多數美國人對他們友善、好客、樂于助人。公正的說，人們對加拿大人也有這樣的評論，因而，應當認為這是北美普遍的現象。當然也有例外。在美國，心胸狹隘的官員，舉止粗魯的招待和毫無禮貌的出租車司機也并非罕見。盡管有不如意的地方，但因為人們常常得出美國人好客的觀察意見，因而也就值得議論一番了。

55.In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ________.[A] rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US

[B] small-minded officials deserve a serious comment

[C] Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors

[D] most Americans are ready to offer help 題型識別：細節題；

題干定位：根據visitors from the outside world可以定位到第一句；（定位錯誤

的同學，自己去面壁！）

思路解析：常規的細節題解題思路，返回原文找到包含題干定位詞的句子，這

個句子就是線索句！（有資格和選項發生關系的句子。）選項分析：[A] rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US

Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are

hardly unknown in the US.和原文表述矛盾，可以排除；

[B] small-minded officials deserve a serious comment

文中沒有提及

[C] Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors

this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians

和文中此句矛盾可以排除

[D] most Americans are ready to offer help

第一句的同意替換，入選！

這是一道特別典型的細節題：）今天的句子：

如今傳統行業的經濟表現幾乎無法吸引大眾的目光，能帶來轟動效應的總是快速增長的互聯網企業，例如亞馬遜。但今年國際紙業公司上漲的現金流和穩定攀升的分紅，讓投資者不得不關注這家生產包裝材料和紙類產品的傳統企業。這家公司的年終股息在過去5年內平均增長12%，股票收益率高達3.5。國際紙業是全球最大的硬紙板和瓦楞包裝生產商，北美每3個紙箱就有一個來自國際紙業。值得注意的整個造紙行業市場容量并沒有顯著的增長，反而有許多中小型企業在之前以低價換銷量的惡性競爭中敗下陣來。這使得國際紙業和另外四家主要競爭者可以控制70%的市場份額，更合理地制定價格、保證利潤。同時電商平臺的蓬勃發展也給了紙業巨頭一些機遇，瘋狂的節日網購緩解了第四季度例來的冷清，令現金流在整個商業周期都十分充裕。

E-commerce is also a contributor to rising demand, as supermarkets and other retail sectors increasingly embrace the trend, says Will Mies, editorial director of RISI, a research firm that tracks forest products.And while none of the three big box makers release numbers on sales related to e-commerce, IP estimates its shipments to Amazon and its ilk are growing at a double-digit pace.詞匯突破：

1.contributor促成者（因素）2.embrace擁抱 3.track追蹤 4.release公布 5.estimate估測

6.shipment裝貨；裝載的貨物 7.ilk親屬；一類

第一句話 確定主干：

E-commerce is also a contributor to rising demand, says Will Mies.切分成分：

1.as supermarkets and other retail sectors increasingly embrace the trend 伴隨狀語從句

2.editorial director of RISI 同位語 3.a research firm 同位語

4.that tracks forest products 定語從句

第二句話 確定主干：

And IP estimates(that)? 切分成分：

1.while none of the three big box makers release numbers on sales related to e-commerce 讓步狀語從句

2.that its shipments to Amazon and its ilk are growing at a double-digit pace 賓語從句

參考譯文：銳思林（一家關注林業制品動向的研究公司）的編輯總監Will Mies說，隨著超市和其他零售行業越來越順應趨勢，電子商務也成為需求上漲的一個促成因素。雖然三大紙箱制造商均未發布過關于電子商務的數字，國際紙業公司估計其發給亞馬遜等電商的貨物維持著2位數的增速。

明天的句子：

However, emails released by the auditor’s office, including a new batch of emails released Friday to The Chronicle, show that Napolitano’s office went far beyond offering guidance, instead editing surveys and emailing campuses that they expected to see the final draft before surveys were sent to auditors.47

第三篇：考研英語閱讀——何凱文

[頂] k哥考研英語閱讀34分必殺技之---關注觀點

o

每每課間游走于教室時，總能見勤勉刻苦的同學會努力的在每一個他們不認識單詞的上方標出漢語意思，字跡工整，詳實豐富。這可謂之正確的做事。但是每次我都會告誡同學們以后切不可如此，因為這樣的標注會使自己下次復習的時，視線呈波浪狀起伏，閱讀到認識的單詞時視線是平的，到不認識處，視線自然上升。這樣其實不是在閱讀英文而是在閱讀中文，以后再看到滿頁的英文時還是會覺得恐懼。閱讀的能力依然很難提高。所以我們雖然在正確的做事，卻沒有做正確的事。

英語考研閱讀理解A節中30%的考題是含有考研英語特有思路的，也就是說：“即使掌握了英語的基本技能（詞匯，句子和語篇分析能力），如果不了解考研的出題思路，在面對選項時，考生依然很難做出正確的選擇。”1所以盲目的對句子進行分析，而不從出題人的設計思路上入手，這樣很容易掉入出題人設計的陷阱。“一艘大海中沒有目標的航船，來自任何一個方向的風都是逆風。”“任何偉大的勝利都是思維的勝利”。所以我們必須首先找準目標，理清思路這樣才能無往而不利，在萬千化境中保持那份“大好河山都陷了，至少這理還在的”從容。

（一）考研的文體到底是什么？

這個話題是被很多學生忽視的問題，甚至包括很多老師對這個問題的重視程度都不夠。我們往往就是停留在知道《Economist》（經濟學人）上的很多文章是考研出題人所青睞的。但在分類的時候還是將文章分為：說明文和議論文。“面對議論文時我們要關注作者和文中其他人所談到的觀點。面對說明文時我們重點是考察重要細節和概念性的描述。”這是常識。而在考研的科普文中，我們一旦陷入關注細節的和概念性描述的常識性認識之中，我們就很難將一些題目作對。經濟學人在英文世界中的地位很像我國的《讀書》雜志，在上面發表文章的人都是英文世界中的文膽級的人物，而考研出題人所選取的文章也更多的是偏向人文社科和經濟類的文章，和針砭時弊，嬉笑怒罵，自成一派的反思性文章。即使選取的是科普類的文章，文中更多的也是對人物觀點進行評論，所以我們必須形成清醒的認識：考研閱讀的文體就是議論文，哪怕是科普性的文章也是側重對文中觀點進行考察。

（二）題干的作用是什么？

在閱讀的標準化試題中，我們都可以把閱讀分為三個部分：原文，題干和選項。原文是解題的依據，題干是解題的路標，選項是解題的關鍵。而對于考研閱讀中題干的路標作用同學們的理解并不深刻，很多時候老師在解析的時候也更多在關注選項間的區別，以及和原文的對應。認真關注題干，才是我們要做的正確的事。首先看第一個例子：

And this process need not be left to the unconscious.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream.Visualize how you would like it to end instead;the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course.With

much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.（2005年passage3）

34.Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.A）waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams

B）visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control

C）dreams should be left to their natural progression

D）dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious

這是一篇寫如何控制夢的文章，從題材上講是科普類的文章，但是整個文章都在講述一個核心的觀點。如果能從觀點議論的角度出發，這篇文章中的很多難題都能迎刃而解。

34題當年的難度系數為：0.3712，也就是只有37.1%的同學作對了這個題，屬于考研典型題目。

首先看一下題干：卡特萊特似乎在暗示________.問題是在問文中人物的觀點，因此這個題干直接就把我們帶到了段落的第二句：Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.（卡特萊特認為人們可以練習有意識地控制噩夢的重演）believe就是題干中suggest的同意表述。如果我們牢記觀點對應觀點的法則，這個題很容易選出D選項---夢可能并不完全的是無意識的。而如果仔細閱讀后面的內容你會發現其他選項有極強的迷惑性。

A)waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams.及時的醒來對于擺脫噩夢非常重要。

文中有談到 try to wake up just enough to control its course，但只是說到這個事實，Cartwright沒有對這個事實的性質做出評價，所以essential是錯誤點。

B）visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control

想象噩夢有助于我們控制它們。

文中談到的是Visualize how you would like it to end instead;

想象一下噩夢是怎么結束的，而不是想象噩夢本身。1所以bad dream成為錯誤點。

C）dreams should be left to their natural progression

應該讓夢自然推進。

這個選項干擾性不強，可以直接排除。

而A,B兩個選項卻是讓人在短時間內很難排除，但如果我們緊扣題干，相信路標，先做正確的事，那么我們就能避過考試出題人的干擾陷阱，直擊正確選項D。2009年考研第二篇文章再次出現了這樣的題目，并且思路和意圖更加明顯。

But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist.He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back.Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers.This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four

generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.28.Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to _____.A）trace distant ancestors

B）rebuild reliable bloodlines

C）fully use genetic information

D）achieve the claimed accuracy

依然先看一下題干：持懷疑態度的觀察家認為家譜檢測未能_____.問題同樣是在問文中人物的觀點，因此這個題干直接就把我們帶到了段落的第一句But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Troy Duster, a New York

University sociologist.但有些觀察家對此表示懷疑的。紐約大學的社會學家特洛伊.達斯特說，“聲稱自己在做家譜測試的人正在吹噓一種虛假的精確性。”同樣道理believe就是題干中的says，這個社會學家就是懷疑者中的一個，他的觀點代表的就是懷疑者的觀點，因此我們很清晰可以看出D選項---達到（檢測者）所聲稱的精確度，為對剛才那句話的同意替換，是正確答案。我們要是以后面的內容作為選擇依據我們將被迷惑項搞得痛苦不堪，尤其是選項C。

我們先解決到A和B

A）trace distant ancestors

追溯年代久遠的祖先

文中說most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage只考慮了單線的祖先，而不是說找不到年代久遠的祖先，輕松排除。

B）rebuild reliable bloodlines

重建可靠的血統譜系

文中說This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two

ancestors，這種測試只能告知不完全的血統譜系，而不是說不能重建可靠的血統譜系。

最后看看C選項，這個選項在教育部的考試分析中我們可以看到這個選項時是錯選率最高的，在錯選答案中占到了89% 3也就是這個題做錯的同學幾乎都是錯選的這個選項。

Fail to C）fully use genetic information

(未能)完整的利用基因信息

文章中Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage只考慮了單線的祖先；This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors，這種測試只能告知不完全的血統譜系；幾乎所有的線索都指向了答案C。但先仔細對比一下這兩種說法：

1)Fully use genetic information;2）use full genetic information;

前一個強調的是使用這個動作的完整性；后一個強調的是使用對象的完整性。顯然你就知道C選項是不對的了。

但是在考場上很少有同學能思考到這個層次，在D和C之間徘徊的時候請牢牢地記住了，問題在問觀點是什么，就不要去選對觀點的分析了。

再次強調：緊扣題干，找準路標，問觀點就找觀點，先做正確的事，再正確的去做事。

第四篇：何凱文 2014寒假英語復習計劃

何凱文 2014寒假英語復習計劃

2013考研英語的硝煙還未完全散盡，2014的戰士們就已經蓄勢待發了，有人會提出質疑這么早就進入備考狀態會不會容易疲憊或者容易扼殺我們的創造力。首先回答這兩個問題：（1）有節奏的計劃和安排可以有助于我們在備考的時候合理分配時間和體力。（2）應試性的準備肯定會扼殺創造力，但是我們如果連被承認的可能都沒有就更談不上展現創造了，所以考研的目的對于很多考生來講就是獲得一個可以展現自己能力的機會。如果還有人擔心說創造力被扼殺了，那只能說明你自己生命力太弱，趁早沒了也罷。在中國這樣一個殘酷的國度中你不能在各種考試的扼殺中繼續保持創造力你就不能叫真正成功。所以打消一些的猶豫和彷徨開始我們的寒假復習之旅吧！

從2013年考研英語真題的命題特點來看，基礎的把握依然是重中之重，基礎是什么，基礎就是讀懂句子，只有把句子讀懂了做題才能真正的游刃有余，既然我們有時間又何必一開始就把希望寄托在一些所謂的技巧之上呢？你們之前的學長學姐們一定有深刻的體會，越是酷炫的技巧其實越需要超強的實力作為支撐，就好像踢球一樣，再牛的技戰術安排，如果球員連球的都停不穩，全是白搭。同樣的道理，學習游泳的人如果連換氣都不會，再漂亮的泳姿都是不可能做到的。所以讀懂句子對于閱讀來講就相當于停球和換氣一樣是必須掌握的基本技能。

那怎么樣才能讀懂句子呢？

（一）單詞的正確學習

單詞要真的徹底掌握我個人建議完成以下幾件事情。

第一件：排查歸檔

既然是應試，并且教育部還特意給出了考研英語的詞匯大綱，所以掌握大綱詞匯在這個寒假就是必須要做的了，5560個詞匯首先可以進行一次排查歸檔，這個工作可以參看在微盤中提供的大綱詞匯文檔。這個工作請同學們抽出三天時間來完成：

第一類詞匯：“黑色詞匯”也可以叫做“形同陌路”或稱之為“嶄新詞匯”；也就是完全不認識的詞匯。第二類詞匯：“白色詞匯”也可以叫做“一見如故”或稱之為“熟悉詞匯”也就是不在需要你記憶的詞匯

第三類詞匯：“灰色詞匯”也可以叫做“似曾相識”或稱之為“模糊詞匯”這部分詞匯對于絕大部分同學來講是主體部分，需要重點克服。

第二件：科學方法

記單詞的過程中有很多方法，重點推薦同學們一些方法：

第一種： 根據音標記單詞

這是最原始，最沒有技巧，但卻是大多數英語專業的同學都在使用的方法，也是我從大學以來背單詞用的方法，知道一個單詞的音標之后，根

據發音的一些規則記住發音然后再來記單詞，并且對于以后口語的提高也有很大的幫助，因為只會記單詞不知道準確的讀音將是非常大的一塊缺失。

基礎不好的同學可以先把上面的音標熟悉了。

有了自己朗讀時的正確的發音的刺激，單詞記憶會更容易的。

方法二：各種為記單詞而研發的方法

這些方法就相對比較繁多了，不過縱觀各種記單詞的方法我還是推薦劉一男老師的記單詞的方法，不是由于我們現在是同事，而是劉老師在這個方面確實付出了很多的努力，用心去研發了這樣一套記憶的體系，對單詞的前世今生做了相對完整的闡釋，同時也不失風趣，所以可以訪問劉老師的微博

@劉一男。

第三件：定出科學的計劃

建議大家在寒假里面可以選取一本詞匯書，這里我推薦由我編寫的《考研英語詞匯必考詞匯突破全書》或者是劉一男老師編寫的《考研英語詞匯速記指南》。當然你也可以有自己的選擇，不過方法和計劃是通用的。就以我的《必考詞匯突破全書》為例：

在你自己統計了自己的分類文檔之后，就可以以每兩天一個LIST的進度推進了，這樣就有了兩套推進系統，更有自主性，這里一共21個LISTS

應該能在這個相對時間比較充裕的寒假完成第一遍的學習。特別提醒第一遍的學習重點是完成記憶，不要太奢求記憶的效果，畢竟我們還有一年的時間才最后考試。有了第一遍的基礎，在開學后學習會輕松很多。每天抽出的時間也定在兩個小時為宜。

第四件：學習的內容

考研詞匯的學習一定包括：單詞記憶；同意替換；典型例句這三個部分；這三個部分缺一不可。尤其是同意替換和典型例句這是擊破考研閱讀的不二法門！必須重點閱讀和學習！同時一些詞匯在考研這樣的特殊語境下所呈現出來的相對不常見和不同于詞典的釋意。這是開學以后我們會作為專題進行講解的，假期不用花太多時間來學習。

（二）句子結構的學習

很多同學對于英語學習的恐懼在很大程度上就是來由于不會句子結構的分析。這個坎是一定要邁出去的，尤其是對于考研英語而言更是這樣的。但是我們沒有必要從最細化的語法結構開始學習，畢竟我們不是語法專業的，我們只需要掌握使用的句子結構知識就可以了。這里給同學們推薦由我編寫的《考研英語長難句解密》一書，這是很多同學都很熟悉的書籍了，非常薄但是內容很豐富，如果用一個圖來表示那就是這個圖了

在這本書的后面有66個句子，這66個句子每個句子都是非常經典的考研英語句子。學習這些句子有三個好處： 其一：每個句子中都有核心的考研英語詞匯，這樣就有了第三套記憶系統了（排查詞表，必考詞匯，句子中單詞）這樣三個系統交相輝映，必定會是五彩紛呈，便于記憶的！

其二：每個句子的結構都是非常典型的，非常適合我們用作檢驗我們句子結構學習效果的材料。

其三：每個句子的結構還適合我們用作造句練習，我們可以看著歷年的考研英語作文真題，看看有沒有可能對句子中的一些單詞進行替換后用到我們的某年真題的寫作中。等著大家寫出好句子哦。

建議時間安排：

5天的時間系統的學習長難句解密的理論部分。

然后以每天兩句的速度推進，建議是能背誦句子，如果覺得背誦有難度那就學習前面提到的三個好處即可。在這個部分每天的學習時間在一個半小時。

（三）語境的構建

有了單詞有了句子，我們還需要做的事情是把句子放到文章中去。下學期一開學我們的任務肯定是學習真題，但是從現在開始我們就應該閱讀一些和真題難度一致的文章。并且，只有把單詞和句子放到一篇完整的文章中才能真正體會的到語言的真諦。這里推薦《考研英語閱讀同源外刊時文精析》，同學們也可以選擇相似的閱讀材料。這本書的特點是選材狠很新，題材很有趣，可讀性強，適合剛開始學習的同學閱讀。

閱讀文章適合一天一篇，不主張一開始對文章的每個句子都進行語法分析，主張文章最好閱讀三遍。

第一遍：通讀全文，爭取在有語言障礙的情況下大致把握文章的大意。閱讀的時候可以標示出有問題的地方。第二遍：集中清除障礙，尤其是那些影響你把握全文主題的關鍵障礙，包括詞匯和結構，如果后面有解析不到位的地方可以到微博上評論詢問，我一定回答。

第三遍：最后再通讀全文，以及中文翻譯，爭取能大致復述，也就是當一個故事講給你周圍的朋友聽。這項任務希望大家控制在一個半小時之內。

這樣在寒假期間就希望同學們拿出5個小時學習語言。聽上去挺多的，其實合理安

排好時間，這5個小時是很容易抽出來的，學會時間管理吧！

有了這樣的基礎，開學后你們將會真的獲得一個特別不一樣的英語學習境界！那里的風光會特別美！

第五篇：何凱文作文聽課筆記整理

第一段：

第一句：people are drawn by the truth disclosed by this picture.人們悲這幅圖畫所揭示的事實所吸引。

第二句：simple as the picture is,the author intends to convey much more complicated and profound meaning than what we may sense at the first glance.雖然圖畫很簡單，但是作者卻在傳遞著比我們第一眼看到的要復雜的很多，深刻很多的意義。

個人品質 第二段： 個人品質

第一句：the picture tells us that nothing can be compared with creation or innovation when it comes to the cultivation of individual characteristics/for the personal growth.第二句：

to be sure,without the courage to engage in unknown journey and to embrace unexpected detours or setbacks,we would have no any advance to speak of.第三句：people in all walks of life take substantial note of this character.各界人士都十分重視這種品質。第四局：

the key to equation of individual success lies in one's possession of this quality.this is a well-accepted fact that is affirmed by one's focusing on the target and unwavering perseverance.一個人成功的秘訣就在于擁有這一品質，這是一個不爭的事實，而且一個人能專注于目標并不懈的努力那就更是如此。

第五句：in other words，were there no the spirit of creation,we would never taste the really happiness of the successful life.第三段：the picture, to some degree，makes us reflect the conventional success and enlightens us to wonder the meaning of life and its spiritual values.the spirit of independence is widely acknowledged as the essential trait will entitle us not only the material wealth but also the way to make life meaningful.so,the surest way to have meaningful,happy life is to commit ourselves to striving for a decent and desirable goal with the guidance this quality.從某種程度上來講，這幅圖畫使我們去反思傳統的成功，啟發我們去探究生命的意義和那些永恒的精神價值。獨立的精神是一種必須的品質，能使我們不僅可以獲得物質財富和權力，還能讓我們找到使生命更有意義的道路。所以獲得幸福和充滿意義的生活最可靠的方式是在這種精神的伴隨下，為了一個值得的目標，自己不斷地努力。

無形社會話題 第二段： 第一句： it is revealed in the picture that the embodied quality continues to serve as the determinant force behind social development in the foreseeable future.本圖體現了一個事實，它反應的這種品質將在可預見的未來作為決定性的力量推動社會的發展。

第二句：this distinct quality forges a central element in the supporting structure of our society,which will not able to grow steadily if we put this precious quality in secondary place or overlook it in any possible manner.第三句：

people in the need can obtain financial aids,material comfort or spirtual back from volunteer's work.有需要的人從志愿者的工作中獲得經濟上的幫助，物質上的支持，精神上的撫慰和心靈上的支持。

第四句：being the beneficiary of volunteering deeds inspires us to act that way toward a third person.in other words, this quality will set in motion a virtuous cycle promoting overall social advancement.受益于這種志愿者的行為，會使我們用這樣的方法對待第三人：換句話說，這種品質可以營造一個促進整個社會前進的良好循環。

第五句：simply put,it inspires and boosts the sound evolution of our nation.簡單講，這種力量激發促進了我們國家的健康發展。第三段：

第一句：a belief is deeply rooted in the Chinese dream that our ardent love for life will promise the prosperity of this life-affirming force.有一個理念是深深扎根于中國夢之中的，那就是我們對于生活的熱愛將確保這種生命正能量的繁榮。

第二句：and an ensuing brand new horizon of our society will be ushered.而且隨之而來的一個嶄新的社會局面也會被開創。

第三句：neverthless a coordinated mechanism must be establish to ensure and guarantee rewarding effects brought by this positive phenomenon.但是一個協調機制應該被建立起來也確保這種社會正能量的回報。

第四句：only in a reasonable,prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their life to the uttermost ,i argue.只有在一個理性的繁榮的和健康的環境中，我們才有可能見證一個理想的場景，人們才能最大化的享受他們的生活。

有形社會話題

第一段:the cartoon jumping into my sight is fairly compelling.as is shown in the picture above,the character in the middle of it are doing something thought-provoking and this will enlighten us persistently.simple as the picture is,the author intends to convey much more complicated and profound meaning than what we may sense at the first glance.映入我眼簾的這幅漫畫真的很有意思。如圖中所展示的那樣，圖中的中心人物正在做著令人思考的事，這樣的場景不斷啟發著我們。雖然圖畫很簡單，但是作者卻在傳遞著比我們第一眼看到的要復雜很多，深刻很多的意義。第二段： 第一句：

with our further adequate exploration of the meaning of the picture,the hidden problem that lies beneath the surface will unfold and definitely get a lot of publicity充分的思考這幅圖的含義，這幅圖畫下隱藏的問題將會展現出來，并一定會得到大量的關注。

第二句：the reasons for this problem,if enumerated one by one,may be numerous.至于這個問題的原因，如果一個個都列出來的話，可能是很多的。第三句：

nevertheless i hold that the leading causes derive from the specific social and economic circumstances.盡管如此，我認為主要的原因應該歸咎于這個特定的社會和經濟環境。

第四句：the rapid economic growth is starting to upset the old balance and generate new challenges.public has been focused attention primarily on material benefit and business profits.快速的經濟增長正在打破舊有平衡，產生新的挑戰。公眾主要關注的是物質利益和商業利潤。

第五句：so,inevitably,in this newly-rich society,the market economy system is revealing its ugly faces regretfully, among which are not only environmental pollution but also cheating,and such problems as food safety,corruption,taking bribes,compromising their conscience,plagiarism and the like.所以，不可避免的是，在這個新富起來的社會，與此同時市場經濟體制的負面影響正在凸顯，如環境，欺詐，食品安全，良知的缺失，剽竊等等。

第六句：the problem reflected in the picture is just one of them.圖畫所反映的問題就是其中之一。

第三段：in summary,despite of the social and environmental challenges facing us,we should have the abundant confidence in our ability to address such problem.firstly,it is imperative that corresponding laws and regulations be introduced and enforced to harness and curb this urgent problem.secondly,it is high time that the campaign was initiated by authorities to raise people's awareness of this grim reality.with our shared efforts,it will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes things of the past,i firmly believe.總的來講，盡管我們面對著環境和社會的挑戰，我們應該有信心去解決這樣的問題。首先，引入并執行相應的法律和法規來阻止和控制這個緊急的問題。其次，政府部門應該發起一項活動來加強人們對這一嚴酷的事實的認識。我堅信，只要我們共同努力，這個問題遲早會解決。