第一篇：何凱文考研英語(yǔ)作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義
目錄
第一部分 考研英語(yǔ)大作文話(huà)題類(lèi)型與寫(xiě)作...................................2 第二部分 考研英語(yǔ)小作文分類(lèi)講解..........................................17 2014 考研英語(yǔ)作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 1 2014 考研英語(yǔ)作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義
預(yù)測(cè)考試內(nèi)容是一個(gè)考試輔導(dǎo)老師應(yīng)盡的職責(zé)和義務(wù)，對(duì)于考試內(nèi)容的把握其實(shí)就是這個(gè)老師對(duì)于考
試命題思路的理解，更是責(zé)任心的體現(xiàn)。我們不把所有的希望都寄托在預(yù)測(cè)上，因?yàn)槲覀円恢倍荚谂Γ俏覀儽仨氼A(yù)測(cè)。多年以來(lái)，我的預(yù)測(cè)也得到了事實(shí)的檢驗(yàn)。這份講義從敲下第一個(gè)字開(kāi)始到最后的完
結(jié)，整整花了一個(gè)月的時(shí)間，每天關(guān)注各種熱點(diǎn)，在書(shū)桌旁，在站臺(tái)上，在候機(jī)廳，在列車(chē)上，在機(jī)艙內(nèi)
寫(xiě)下這份盡可能詳實(shí)卻負(fù)擔(dān)不重的講義，為了給大家更多選擇，更多歡樂(lè)，有時(shí)同一個(gè)含義給了近十種表
達(dá)，在這份講義中所提及的內(nèi)容幾乎涵蓋了所有的可能話(huà)題。只要大家能認(rèn)真背誦，稍加靈活的運(yùn)用就一
定能幫到大家。所以失敗只有兩種：不背和背錯(cuò)！只要努力了就一定會(huì)成功！
當(dāng)這個(gè)時(shí)代被打上喧囂，焦慮，彷徨，迷茫，猶豫，徘徊的烙印時(shí)，考研人群注定只能和孤獨(dú)為伍，與堅(jiān)持為伴；我們也想去狂歡，想去放縱，想去矯情，想去放棄?但是我們走到了今天，我們甚至不敢相
信我們真的已經(jīng)走到了復(fù)習(xí)的盡頭；我們不愿意相信十幾天后我們將不會(huì)再回到熟悉的自習(xí)室，在安靜地
復(fù)習(xí)了一天后和小伙伴們一起披星戴月，拖著疲憊的身體但卻無(wú)比充實(shí)地回到宿舍，那碗泡面的味道會(huì)承
載著這段時(shí)光，留存在我們的腦海里。
我們會(huì)記得“說(shuō)話(huà)，是不是”，你會(huì)記得“I have a dream”,會(huì)記得因?yàn)锳 所以B,選A 不選B，湯老師
精辟的思路講解，還有那不時(shí)冒出的美妙的英文；你會(huì)記起蔣老師精彩的時(shí)政解讀。但不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)這些都
將變成并不清晰的痕跡，但是正是這歲月留下的痕跡，會(huì)在你不經(jīng)意地回眸中帶給你最美好的回憶，不是
去追憶一個(gè)人，一件事，而是那些屬于青春的記憶碎片。在這些碎片中我們收獲的勇氣和感動(dòng)將伴我們一 路向前！所以，考研這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗到了現(xiàn)在，不用害怕，不用緊張，曼德拉曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這樣的一句話(huà)：It always seems impossible until it’s done.很多事情在它被完成之前,看上去都是不可能完成的。而且，我們只是在兌現(xiàn)對(duì)自
己青春的承諾。雖然2013 年是青春泛濫的一年，但是當(dāng)“致我們終將逝去的青春”，“中國(guó)合伙人”，甚至 “小時(shí)代”把那樣的青春展現(xiàn)在我們面前的時(shí)候我們依然會(huì)被感動(dòng)，因?yàn)槲覀冇幸粯拥倪^(guò)往，能感動(dòng)我們 的是那份堅(jiān)持，與時(shí)空無(wú)關(guān)。
KK 想和作為準(zhǔn)研究生的你們分享兩種一直我雖不能至，卻心向往之的情懷： 1.為天地立心、為生民立命、為往圣繼絕學(xué)、為萬(wàn)世開(kāi)太平。
As Zhang Hengqu noted, “To ordain conscience for Heaven and Earth；To secure life and fortune for the people；To continue lost teachings for past sages；To establish peace for all future generations”.2.“有兩種東西，我對(duì)它們的思考越是深沉和持久，它們?cè)谖倚撵`中喚起的驚奇和敬畏就會(huì)日新月異，不斷增長(zhǎng)，這就是我頭上的星空和心中的道德定律。”
As Kant said, “Two things fill me with constantly increasing admiration and awe, the longer and more earnestly I reflect on them: the starry heavens without and the moral law within.(Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe, the more often and steadily reflection is occupied with them: the starry heaven above me and the moral law within me.”)我會(huì)陪著你們走到最后，不離不棄！祝愿大家2014 考研成功！何凱文
2014 考研英語(yǔ)作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 2 父母和孩子之間缺乏溝通
(1992 年考題類(lèi)型“無(wú)形社會(huì)問(wèn)題”）電視廣告
(1993 年考題類(lèi)型“有形社會(huì)問(wèn)題”)朋友的結(jié)交
(1994 年考題類(lèi)型“無(wú)形社會(huì)問(wèn)題”）希望工程
(1995 年考題類(lèi)型“有形社會(huì)話(huà)題”)健康問(wèn)題
(1996 年考題類(lèi)型“有形社會(huì)問(wèn)題”）世界性的吸煙問(wèn)題
(1997 年考題類(lèi)型“有形社會(huì)問(wèn)題”)廣告不必要的承諾(1998 年考題類(lèi)型“有形社會(huì)問(wèn)題”）生態(tài)失衡
(1999 年考題類(lèi)型“有形社會(huì)問(wèn)題”)商業(yè)捕魚(yú)
(2000 年考題類(lèi)型“有形社會(huì)問(wèn)題”）奉獻(xiàn)愛(ài)心
(2001 年考題類(lèi)型“無(wú)形社會(huì)話(huà)題”）文化交流
(2002 年考題類(lèi)型“無(wú)形社會(huì)話(huà)題”）溫室里的花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)吹雨打(2003 年考題類(lèi)型“人生哲理”）終點(diǎn)又是新起點(diǎn)
(2004 年考題類(lèi)型“人生哲理”)養(yǎng)老足球賽
(2005 年考題類(lèi)型“無(wú)形社會(huì)問(wèn)題”）青少年盲目崇拜
(2006 年考題類(lèi)型“有形社會(huì)問(wèn)題”)自信
(2007 年考題類(lèi)型“人生哲理”)合作
(2008 年考題類(lèi)型“人生哲理”）網(wǎng)絡(luò)的“遠(yuǎn)”與“近”
(2009 年考題類(lèi)型“社會(huì)現(xiàn)象”)文化“火鍋”，既美味又營(yíng)養(yǎng)(2010 年考題類(lèi)型“社會(huì)現(xiàn)象”)旅游之余
(2011 年考題類(lèi)型“有形社會(huì)問(wèn)題”）樂(lè)觀(guān)和悲觀(guān)
(2012 年考題類(lèi)型“人生哲理”）選擇
（2013 年英語(yǔ)一考題類(lèi)型“人生哲理）手機(jī)訂閱人數(shù)變化
(2010 年英語(yǔ)二考題類(lèi)型“有形社會(huì)話(huà)題”）國(guó)內(nèi)轎車(chē)市場(chǎng)份額變化
(2011 年英語(yǔ)二考題類(lèi)型“有形社會(huì)話(huà)題”）員工滿(mǎn)意度調(diào)查
(2012 年英語(yǔ)二考題類(lèi)型“有形社會(huì)問(wèn)題” 大學(xué)生兼職
2013 年英語(yǔ)二考題類(lèi)型“有形社會(huì)話(huà)題）第一段寫(xiě)作方略： 第一句：圖畫(huà)描述句 第二句：圖畫(huà)影響句
1.This picture generates a great concern among the public.這幅圖畫(huà)引起了公眾的極大關(guān)心。2.This picture invokes the general public's interests.這幅圖畫(huà)引起了公眾的興趣。
3.This picture has triggered a heated discussion on the Weibo, the most influential social media in china.這幅圖畫(huà)在微博上引起了熱烈的討論。（中國(guó)最有影響力的社交媒體）
4.This picture has stimulated a heated discussion on the We Chat, the most influential social network, these days.最近，這幅圖畫(huà)在微信上引起了熱烈的討論。（中國(guó)最有影響力的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)）5.This picture captures the online community's great attention and abundant imagination.這幅圖畫(huà)引起了網(wǎng)絡(luò)群體的關(guān)注和想象。
6.People were drawn by the truth disclosed by this picture.第一部分 考研英語(yǔ)大作文話(huà)題類(lèi)型與寫(xiě)作方略
2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 3 人們被這幅圖畫(huà)所揭示的事實(shí)所吸引。第三句：圖畫(huà)意義句
1.Simple as the picture is, the author intends to convey much more complicated and profound meaning than what we may sense at the first glance.雖然圖畫(huà)很簡(jiǎn)單，但是作者卻在傳遞著比我們第一眼看到的要復(fù)雜很多，深刻很多的意義 2.This simple picture touches a deep cord of the complex social fabric.這幅簡(jiǎn)單的圖畫(huà)深深觸及了復(fù)雜社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的一環(huán)。
3.The drawing truly displays a status quo that is worthy of our attention.這幅圖畫(huà)確實(shí)展現(xiàn)了值得我們關(guān)注的現(xiàn)狀。
4.We cannot afford to turn a blind eye to the problem highlighted by this picture.對(duì)于圖畫(huà)所展現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題我們無(wú)法忽視。
5.It is tempting to accept the picture by its simple appearance, but to neglect the profound implication that its author tries to convey.讀這幅圖易望文生義，忽視其深刻主旨。
第一種類(lèi)型：當(dāng)下所面對(duì)的“無(wú)形社會(huì)問(wèn)題”的寫(xiě)作步驟：
負(fù)面的展開(kāi)：
適用于不好的社會(huì)問(wèn)題，社會(huì)責(zé)任，傳統(tǒng)美德，品質(zhì)的缺失 可能用到的主題詞： 1.愛(ài)國(guó)主義（Patriotism）2.努力工作（hardworking）3.勤儉（plain living）, 4.相信科學(xué)（belief in science）, 5.為人民服務(wù)的意識(shí)（consciousness of serving the people）, 6.團(tuán)結(jié)互助(solidarity and helping each other), 7.誠(chéng)實(shí)守信（honesty，credibility and being trustworthy）, 8.遵紀(jì)守法（observation of the law）9.中華傳統(tǒng)美德（traditional Chinese values）
勤 hardworking 儉Thrift 信 honesty, ,孝 filial piety/ filial duty/filial respect 禮courtesy, 忠loyalty, 仁 benevolence , humanity and humaneness 愛(ài) affection 10.現(xiàn)代美德（modern virtues）志愿者精神（volunteer spirit）
契約精神（spirit of contact, observation of the law, abiding faith of the law）第二段的展開(kāi)： 第一句：
The picture does reveal that lack of credibility is in large measure detrimental not only to the personal life ,but to the further development of the whole society.第二句：
In no country other than China, it has been said, is this problem more urgent and serious.或者：
The past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy owing to some policy being carried out, bringing some problems at the same time, with the above one being the foremost.或者：
The past three decades have witnessed our overwhelmingly excessive emphasis on material benefits and unawareness of the importance of credibility which have been increasingly becoming indispensable to the health 2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 4 of economy, the stability of polity and the pursuit of happiness.過(guò)去的三十年中，我們過(guò)分的強(qiáng)調(diào)物質(zhì)利益，忽視了誠(chéng)信的重要性，而誠(chéng)信對(duì)于健康的經(jīng)濟(jì)，穩(wěn)定的
社會(huì)和對(duì)于幸福的追求而言都是必不可少的。第三句
More specifically speaking, individuals, enterprises, organizations and even the whole society fail to notice the damaging consequences of dishonesty when undergoing the dramatic social transformation.更具體的講，在經(jīng)歷劇烈的社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的過(guò)程中，個(gè)人，企業(yè)，組織甚至是整個(gè)社會(huì)都沒(méi)有能注意到誠(chéng)
信缺失帶來(lái)的危害。或者
這種品質(zhì)對(duì)于這個(gè)國(guó)家的發(fā)展而言是重要的因素，它的缺失會(huì)不可避免的給我們?cè)斐晌：Α?.或者
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這種偉大的品質(zhì)鑄就了這個(gè)社會(huì)的支撐結(jié)構(gòu)，如果這種寶貴的財(cái)富以任何一種方式被忽略，我們的社會(huì)都無(wú)法穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。第四句和最后一句 It is not hard to notice that without honesty/credibility, hardly can individuals or organizations make money, take profits, let alone obtain wealth in the long term, especially in this fiercely competitive modern world, I argue.That will be a sorry state of affairs.我認(rèn)為，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，要是沒(méi)有誠(chéng)信,在這樣一個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看個(gè)人和組織是很難
賺到錢(qián)，賺到利潤(rùn)的，更不必說(shuō)獲得財(cái)富了。那將是一個(gè)遺憾的局面。或者：
第四句和最后一句
No thinking man would refuse to admit the fact that the commitment to national and individual prosperity requires a prevailing and flourishing trend of this driving force.Put it another way, were there no credibility, we would never taste the real happiness of the success in the long run.任何一個(gè)有識(shí)之士都會(huì)承認(rèn)，如果要致力于國(guó)家富強(qiáng)和個(gè)人幸福，就需要誠(chéng)信這種驅(qū)動(dòng)力形成流行和
繁榮之勢(shì)。換句話(huà)講，如果沒(méi)有誠(chéng)信，我們就不可能真正體會(huì)到真正的幸福和成功。這種品質(zhì)是社會(huì)發(fā)展 的基礎(chǔ),是我們不可能缺失的。或者
Honesty and integrity, any perceptive observer would never hesitate to admit that, if become a general feature of the society, would contribute to both the well-being of individuals and a nation as a whole.任何一個(gè)有識(shí)之士都會(huì)承認(rèn)，如果誠(chéng)信成為這個(gè)世界的總體特征，那么將不僅對(duì)個(gè)人利益有幫助而且
對(duì)整個(gè)國(guó)家也有好處。換句話(huà)講促進(jìn)人類(lèi)社會(huì)往正確方向前進(jìn)的力量，真誠(chéng)的缺失會(huì)導(dǎo)致前進(jìn)的列車(chē)出軌，會(huì)使得這個(gè)世界陷入一篇絕望的荒蕪之中。1.2.3.Put another way, as a force propelling the human society forward in a virtuous direction, the absence of the it will even cause the train of progress run off track, leaving the world in a wilderness of desperation.2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 5 第三段：（超級(jí)無(wú)敵結(jié)束段）
Confronting with such an intimidating reality, we are expected to enhance the sharp awareness of consequently damaging effects of ignoring honesty.It is imperative that this negative/unfavorable/evil trend, constituting a permanent menace to harmonious society construction, be harnessed and curbed by the corresponding laws and regulations.Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their life to the uttermost.(72 字)面對(duì)如此可怕的現(xiàn)實(shí)，我們應(yīng)該清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)到因?yàn)楹鲆曊\(chéng)信而帶來(lái)的嚴(yán)重后果。對(duì)于不斷危害到和諧
社會(huì)建設(shè)的這樣一種負(fù)面潮流，我們應(yīng)該用相應(yīng)的法律和法規(guī)對(duì)其加以限制和控制。只有在一個(gè)理性的，繁榮的，和健康的環(huán)境下我們才能見(jiàn)證一個(gè)理想的場(chǎng)景：人民能最大程度地享受他們的生活。
道德問(wèn)題解決的第三段表達(dá)：
The importance of such an apparent crisis in morality reflected by the drawing has been realized by the public and the government.This is a promising start.We have been under growing pressure to establish a social credit system nation wide in a bid to create an honest and faithful society.Adding to the effort mentioned above are other solutions, such as developing public service, promoting voluntary service and the like.With those accomplishments, people’s sense of responsibility and the willingness to be candid and charitable will definitely be restored, I firmly believe.正面的展開(kāi)：
為評(píng)價(jià)一種好的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。文化融合（Cultural integration）社會(huì)公德（public morals）第二段的展開(kāi)： 第一句：
The picture tells us that volunteer spirit is and remains to be an integral part in this ever rapid changing modern society.這幅圖畫(huà)告訴我們?cè)谌绱丝焖侔l(fā)展的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，志愿者精神將一直是不可或缺的部分。第二句：
1.It is the modern virtues that spark and fuel the sustained social progress and continuous betterment of culture when we are undergoing the ever most rapid economic growth.Volunteer spirit emerges as the most thriving one among them.當(dāng)我們?cè)诮?jīng)歷著最快的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的時(shí)候，正是一些現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的美德，引發(fā)和促進(jìn)了持續(xù)的社會(huì)進(jìn)步和
不斷的文化發(fā)展而志愿者精神正是其中最醒目的。或者
2.這一人類(lèi)品質(zhì)是這個(gè)國(guó)家社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要部分，這種品質(zhì)的缺失會(huì)給我們?cè)斐删薮蟮膿p失。或者 3． 這一偉大的品質(zhì)鑄就了我們社會(huì)的支撐結(jié)構(gòu)，如果這種寶貴的品質(zhì)以任何一種可能的方式被忽略，我們的社會(huì)都不能穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。或者
4.這一品質(zhì)是促進(jìn)我們社會(huì)發(fā)展的和提升我們整體生活水平的中堅(jiān)力量。如果沒(méi)有這一力量，我們進(jìn)
步的列車(chē)有可能會(huì)停止，甚至?xí)鲕墸刮覀兿萦谝黄^望的荒蕪中。或者
54..Decades of nonstop economic development in China have led some people to worry about moral degradation in the newly rich society.However a set of virtue codes have steadfastly held the ground, bringing about ever responsible citizens of the society and nurturing the growth of culture at the same time.Volunteer spirit is surely one of the most prominent.2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 6 幾十年不停滯的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展使得一些人很擔(dān)心在當(dāng)下繁榮社會(huì)中的道德缺失。但是一系列的道德規(guī)范穩(wěn)
住了局面，為這個(gè)社會(huì)塑造了有責(zé)任的公民，同時(shí)還培育了文化的增長(zhǎng)。而志愿者精神就是其中最顯著的。第三句
People in the need can obtain financial aids, material support, mental comfort or spiritual back from volunteer’s work.有需要的人能從志愿者的工作中獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)上的幫助，物質(zhì)上的支持，精神上的撫慰和精神 第四句
1.With the influence of this spirit, people who have benefited from other’s good deeds will treat others with love, sincerity, sympathy, enthusiasm, hospitality or generosity.在這種精神的感召下，那些從善行中受益的人將會(huì)用愛(ài)，用真誠(chéng)，用同情用熱情好客和慷慨來(lái)對(duì)待其 他人。或者
2.Being the beneficiary of a kind of volunteering deeds inspires us to act that way toward a third person and provides a huge boost to the sound evolution of a nation.受益于這種志愿者的行為，會(huì)使我們用這樣的方法對(duì)待第三個(gè)人，這樣就為國(guó)家的健康發(fā)展提供了巨 大的促進(jìn)。最后一句
1.In other words, were there no volunteer spirit, we would never taste the civilization of the modern society.或者： 2.Simply put, it inspires and boosts the sound evolution of our nation.簡(jiǎn)單講，這種力量激發(fā)并促進(jìn)了我們國(guó)家的健康發(fā)展。第三段的展開(kāi)： 超級(jí)無(wú)敵結(jié)尾段： 版本一：
Any thinking man would admit that our ardent love for life will further guarantee the prosperity of this life-affirming force which will usher a completely new horizon for the great renewal of our nation.In view of the importance of such a positive phenomenon, we must, doubtless, establish a coordinated mechanism to ensure its everlasting rewarding effects on our society.Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their life to the uttermost，（I argue.）(90 字)任何一位有識(shí)之士都會(huì)承認(rèn)，我們對(duì)于生活的深深的熱愛(ài)，將會(huì)進(jìn)一步確保這種生命正能量的繁榮，這種力量將會(huì)為我們民族的復(fù)興開(kāi)創(chuàng)一個(gè)全新的局面。正是考慮到這種正面現(xiàn)象的重要性，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，我
們將確立一個(gè)協(xié)調(diào)的機(jī)制來(lái)確保其作用于我們社會(huì)的持久的回報(bào)效果。只有在一個(gè)理性的，繁榮的和健康 的環(huán)境中，我們才有可能見(jiàn)證到一個(gè)理想的場(chǎng)景，人們能最大化的享受他們的生活.版本二： 第一句：
To make the world a better place, the positive momentum of this kind shall be made known and followed by people in every profession and in every corner.為了讓這個(gè)世界變成更好的地方，這種正能量應(yīng)該被這個(gè)社會(huì)每個(gè)行業(yè)，每個(gè)角落的人所知曉和遵守。第二句：
It would not be a stretch to say that the world will become a big loving family if good-willing deeds like this becomes a common practice that happens daily.不夸張的講，如果這樣的善行能成為每天都發(fā)生的行為，那么這個(gè)世界將變成一個(gè)有愛(ài)的大家庭。第三句：
And once it takes root in the heart of every member of this society, the fruit will be the dazzling light that dispels darkness and creates harmony.一旦這種品質(zhì)在每個(gè)社會(huì)成員的心中扎根，產(chǎn)生的果實(shí)將會(huì)是炫目的明燈，去除黑暗，創(chuàng)造和諧。
2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 7 夢(mèng)想和目標(biāo)的第三段： Taking this topic a step further, a nation must as well draw strength from a higher goal that all of its members share so that it can grow steadfastly and stably both in economic and in cultural terms.Above all, individuals and organizations alike all need a star, a goal, or better put a dream to navigate us in the great voyage of life.傳統(tǒng)文化： 第二段 第一句：
The picture does demonstrate that, traditional Chinese festivals, the invaluable cultural heritage embodying our shared belief, spirit and history, have been increasingly neglected by us.正如上圖所示，體現(xiàn)了我們共同的信念、精神和歷史的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日——我們無(wú)價(jià)的文化遺產(chǎn)，正逐
漸被我們所忽視。第二句：
It is mournful that such time-honored holidays are playing an ever insignificant role in our lives and gradually declining to the background, 這種歷史沉淀的傳統(tǒng)竟然漸漸淡化，在我們的生活中扮演越來(lái)越不重要的角色，實(shí)在令人感傷。第三句：
Because if they finally become just dead symbols or abstract concepts to be found in dusted books, we would be in danger of lost our uniqueness as a people who persist into this day with records of continued civilization and become just another state wholly consumed by the prevailing pop culture.因?yàn)槿绻鼈冏罱K只是成為無(wú)生命的符號(hào)或塵封在書(shū)本中的抽象概念的話(huà)，我們就會(huì)失去作為一個(gè)文
明始終未中斷的民族的獨(dú)特性，和世界上很多其它國(guó)家一樣，僅僅成為一個(gè)擁有流行文化的地方。或者
Traditions like them are powerful cohesive forces that bond us together, giving us clues of our ancestors’
struggles and achievements and infusing sense of pride into us as the direct lineage of great heroes.它們這樣的傳統(tǒng)是聯(lián)系我們的強(qiáng)大凝聚力，它們留有祖先奮斗的痕跡和成就，讓我們驕傲，告訴自己，我們是英雄的傳人。第三段： 版本一 第一句：
Since human civilization evolves by building on the past and probing into the future, the first crucial step for a society aiming at further growth is to preserve the existing traditions and cultures.人類(lèi)文明以基于過(guò)去、展望未來(lái)的方式不斷發(fā)展，因此對(duì)于一個(gè)有志于進(jìn)步的社會(huì)來(lái)說(shuō)，保護(hù)好現(xiàn)存 的傳統(tǒng)和文化是重要的第一步。或者
As so often, the past holds the key to the future，the existing traditions and cultures have to be preserved to answer the possible questions to come.因?yàn)檫^(guò)去總是擁有關(guān)于未來(lái)的答案，所以傳統(tǒng)和文化必須保護(hù)以回答未來(lái)的問(wèn)題。第二句：
Fortunately, we have noticed that a series of courses on traditional Chinese culture have been introduced to the high school classrooms and Confucius Institutions have been established in many countries.This is a good start.幸運(yùn)的是我們已經(jīng)注意到，一系列傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)文化的課程被引入了中學(xué)課堂；孔子學(xué)院在很多國(guó)家建立。
這是一個(gè)好的開(kāi)始。版本二 第一句：
Therefore, it is crucial that resources and efforts be devoted to promote these traditions.2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 8 因而，盡人力和物力來(lái)提升這些傳統(tǒng)是非常重要的。第二句：
Much can be done.Government agencies, NGOs and the common sector join hands together by organizing arrays of activities to revitalize the cultural heritages.我們可以很多。政府部門(mén)、民間組織和普通民眾應(yīng)一起協(xié)作，組織各種活動(dòng)來(lái)復(fù)興這些文化遺產(chǎn) 第三句：
So that all the people can be actively involved in this campaign and truly realize that traditions are the blood and spirit of a nation.這樣所有人都能積極地參與，切身體會(huì)到，文化傳承就是一個(gè)民族的血液和精神。
有形社會(huì)問(wèn)題的寫(xiě)作步驟
可能用到的主題詞：
1． 資源保護(hù)(Energy and Resource Saving/reservation)2． 環(huán)境保護(hù)(Environmental protection)3． 人口增長(zhǎng)(The growth of China’s population)
4． 家庭暴力(The Problem of Domestic or Family Violence)5． 社會(huì)保障系統(tǒng)/資金(Social security system/fund)6． 假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品問(wèn)題(Counterfeits and unqualified products)7． 食品安全(food safety)/糧食安全（grain security）
8． 消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)問(wèn)題(The protection of consumers rights and interests)9． 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)問(wèn)題（Intellectual Property protection）10.學(xué)術(shù)剽竊（academic plagiarism）11.節(jié)約糧食（grain conservation）有形社會(huì)問(wèn)題絕對(duì)超級(jí)模式： 第一段 方式一：
The cartoon jumping into my sight is fairly compelling.As is shown in the picture above, the characters in the middle of it are doing something thought-provoking and this will enlighten us persistently.The author’s real
purpose is not the fact itself, but to lead us to find the informative information behind it.映入我眼簾的這幅漫畫(huà)真的很有意思。如圖畫(huà)中所展示的那樣，圖畫(huà)中的中心人物正在做著令人思考 的事情，這樣的場(chǎng)景不斷的在啟發(fā)著我們。作者的目的不是圖畫(huà)本身，而是指導(dǎo)我們找到其背后的含義是 什么 方式二：
The cartoon jumping into my sight is fairly compelling.As is shown in the picture above, such thought-provoking scenes abound in our daily lives and usually prevail with the ever-rapid economic growth/social progress, which will draw our attention /enlighten us persistently.The author’s real purpose is not the fact itself, but to lead us to find what hides behind the iceberg./Simple as the picture is, the informative information is revealed in it.(56 字)映入我眼簾的這幅漫畫(huà)真的很有意思。如圖畫(huà)中所展示的那樣，這樣令人深思的場(chǎng)景在我們的日常生
活中很常見(jiàn)，并且通常隨著社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展會(huì)越來(lái)越常見(jiàn)，這將一直引發(fā)我們的關(guān)注/這將持續(xù)的啟發(fā)我們。
作者的目的不是圖畫(huà)本身，而是指導(dǎo)我們找到其背后的含義是什么/盡管圖畫(huà)很簡(jiǎn)單，但是一種有啟發(fā)意義 的信息卻展現(xiàn)了出來(lái)。第二段
超級(jí)模式延續(xù)：
充分的思考這幅圖畫(huà)的含義，這幅圖畫(huà)下面隱藏的問(wèn)題將會(huì)展現(xiàn)出來(lái)，并一定會(huì)得到大量的關(guān)注。至
于這個(gè)問(wèn)題的原因，如果數(shù)出來(lái)的話(huà)，可能是數(shù)不清的。盡管如此，我認(rèn)為主要的原因還是應(yīng)該歸咎于這
2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 9 個(gè)特定的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境。我們國(guó)家正在努力去實(shí)現(xiàn)達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家水平的目標(biāo)，這就要求建立起一個(gè) 市場(chǎng)扮演決定作用的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制以帶來(lái)持續(xù)的社會(huì)進(jìn)步，與此同時(shí)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的負(fù)面影響也正在凸現(xiàn)，諸
如欺詐，良知的缺失等等。而圖畫(huà)所反映的問(wèn)題就是其中一個(gè)。
With our adequate exploration of the meaning of the picture, the hidden problem that lies beneath the surface will unfold and definitely get a lot of publicity.充分的思考這幅圖畫(huà)的含義，這幅圖畫(huà)下面隱藏的問(wèn)題將會(huì)展現(xiàn)出來(lái)，并一定會(huì)得到大量的關(guān)注。
The reasons for this problem, if enumerated one by one, may be numerous.至于這個(gè)問(wèn)題的原因，如果一個(gè)個(gè)都列出來(lái)的話(huà)，可能是數(shù)不清的。
Nevertheless I hold that the leading causes derive from the specific social and economic circumstances.盡管如此，我認(rèn)為主要的原因應(yīng)歸咎于這個(gè)特定的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境。
As we all know, our nation is expected to realize its goal of becoming a moderately prosperous country，which is required to establish a economy system where the market plays a “decisive”role to bring about sustained social progress 我們國(guó)家正在努力去實(shí)現(xiàn)達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家水平的目標(biāo)，這就要求建立起一個(gè)市場(chǎng)扮演決定作用的經(jīng)
濟(jì)體制以帶來(lái)持續(xù)的社會(huì)進(jìn)步.So, inevitably, the market economy system is revealing its ugly faces regretfully, among which are not only environmental pollution but also cheating, and such problems as food safety, corruption, taking bribes, compromising their conscience, plagiarism and the like.與此同時(shí)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的負(fù)面影響正在凸現(xiàn)，諸如欺詐，良知的缺失等等。The problem reflected in the picture is just one of them.而圖畫(huà)所反映的問(wèn)題就是其中一個(gè)。第三段：
超級(jí)模式必殺技！
In summary, despite of the social and environmental challenges facing us, we should have the abundant confidence in our ability to address such problems.Firstly, it is imperative that corresponding laws and regulations be introduced and enforced to harness and curb this urgent problem.Secondly, it is high time that the campaign was initiated by authorities to raise people’s awareness of this grim reality.In retrospection of our long history, we, Chinese people, have, working with diligence, bravery and wisdom, created a beautiful homeland and developed a great and dynamic culture.With our shared efforts, it will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes things of the past，I firmly believe.總的來(lái)講，盡管我們面對(duì)著這些環(huán)境和社會(huì)的挑戰(zhàn)，我們應(yīng)該有信心去解決這樣的問(wèn)題。首先，引入
并執(zhí)行相應(yīng)的法律和法規(guī)來(lái)阻止和控制這個(gè)緊急的問(wèn)題。其次，政府部門(mén)應(yīng)該發(fā)起一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)來(lái)加強(qiáng)人們到
這一嚴(yán)酷的事實(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)。回顧漫長(zhǎng)的歷史，我們中國(guó)人民，用勤勞，勇敢和智慧創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)美麗的家園，培育了一種偉大的，充滿(mǎn)活力的文化。我堅(jiān)信，只要我們共同努力，這個(gè)問(wèn)題遲早會(huì)解決。法律手段的替換表達(dá)
1.It is imperative that our legislative body include this social issue into the law-making agenda;otherwise it will upset stability of this nation in the long run.我們的立法機(jī)構(gòu)必須把這一社會(huì)問(wèn)題納入立法進(jìn)程之中，否則長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)會(huì)破壞社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。2.Legal means constitute the major effective countermeasure to address this serious problem.法律手段構(gòu)成了能解決這一嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題的唯一有效手段。
3.為了期待一個(gè)不受此問(wèn)題紛擾的世界，我們需要制定并實(shí)施相應(yīng)的法律來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。5.To anticipate a world free of this concern, we need to make and implement corresponding laws dedicated to curb and harness this serious problem.2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 10 有形社會(huì)話(huà)題（正負(fù)）科技發(fā)展所帶來(lái)的影響：(環(huán)境，手機(jī)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，微博,名人代言)第二段：
第一句： The picture does illustrate a distinctly obvious fact that our ordinary life is reshaped / has been greatly influenced by the mobile phone/internet/microblog/celebrity endorsement.第二句：介紹主題的出現(xiàn)和發(fā)展
Of all changes that have taken place in daily communication, during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the invention/introduction of____.第三句： 具體影響
Mobile phone have indeed made communication convenient and quick, but they have also brought about negative consequences.For example, students obsessed with apps perform poorly in school.Moreover, some college students waste hours, lavish days and even squander years for indulgence with some time-consuming games.Even some adults become estranged from relatives and friends because of their obsession with __.Those who are unaware of the bad effects can hardly fit into society, let alone establish their careers.That is not to say that mobile phone alone is to blame for the sorry state of affairs.However were the situation to continue as it is, we would pay the high price.第三段：存在總是好的，綜合面對(duì)，取其精華
Come what may, in one form or another, ___ is here to stay;the risks of running/employing/living with it are far less threatening than the dangers of closing it down/abandoning it away, an act which would not only be impossibly unpopular, but also would be as counterproductive as draining a pond to catch fish and burning down the forest to hunt game.So, we must treat it socially, economically and culturally, with the essence absorbed and the drawbacks neglected.無(wú)論如何，（主題）都將會(huì)以一種形式，或者另一種形式存在于我們的生活之中，經(jīng)營(yíng)它/使用它/或者
與它共存的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)都要比關(guān)掉它/拋棄它的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大，關(guān)掉它/拋棄它的行為不僅非常不受歡迎，而且所產(chǎn)生 的副作用將好比是涸澤而漁，焚林而獵。環(huán)境問(wèn)題: 第二段： 第一句：
The author of this picture is trying to reveal a well-known but little acted-upon crisis that our environment is gradually destroyed by air pollution and other damaging human activities.圖畫(huà)的作者正在告訴我們一個(gè)眾所周知卻鮮有人訴諸行動(dòng)以改變的危機(jī)：我們身處的環(huán)境正因?yàn)榭諝?的污染和其它的有害的人類(lèi)行為而被破壞。
第二句：
As we all know, our country has been under this growing pressure, as PM2.5, a key indicator of air pollution, increasingly hits the new record and even the smog smothers almost all large cities.如我們所知，我國(guó)正面臨著越來(lái)越大的環(huán)保方面壓力，因?yàn)镻M2.5（空氣污染的主要指標(biāo)）不斷的刷
新紀(jì)錄，霧霾甚至窒息了我國(guó)的主要城市。或者
As we all know, the environment degradation is accelerating at an alarming rate, with the soil under our feet soaked by chemical discharge and citizens choked by the smog.環(huán)境正以駭人的速度惡化；土壤被工業(yè)廢液浸透，我們被霧霾窒息。
第三句：
In recent years, smog, has captured wide media attention, constantly occupying the headlines, sparking heated discussion on its potential health hazards and wreaking horror among concerned parents.近年來(lái)，霧霾，吸引了媒體的廣泛關(guān)注，不時(shí)地占據(jù)新聞?lì)^條；它對(duì)健康的不良影響引起了全民討論，關(guān)切的父母為之憂(yōu)懼。
2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 11 第四句： Some researchers claim that pollution of this kind not only has direct adverse effects on our lungs but can undermine other crucial functions of human body 一些研究者聲稱(chēng)，這種污染不僅會(huì)直接影響我們的肺，還會(huì)破壞其它重要的身體機(jī)能.Others do not agree with this tone to the letter, but still admit that some health problems do directly result from the smog, lung cancer, one of the most prominent, for instance.其它研究雖然不完全同意這樣消極的論調(diào)，但仍承認(rèn)一些健康問(wèn)題確實(shí)是由霧霾引起的，肺癌就是最 顯著的例子。
Others do not agree eye to eye with this tone, but still admit that some health problems do result from the smog, lung cancer, one of the most prominent, for instance.第三段： 版本一： 第一句：
毒霧正漸漸席卷大江南北,此刻，我們無(wú)法再忽視自然的示警，只將“霧霾”當(dāng)成八卦的話(huà)題或笑罵權(quán) 貴的談資。第二句：
We are under the imperative to meet the challenges head-on, government agencies, NGOs, professionals and civilians all alike, working together hand in hand, in a bid to leave a beautiful habitat for our offspring to thrive on.我們必須直面這些環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)，政府、民間團(tuán)體、專(zhuān)家、平民應(yīng)該攜手合作，共同努力將美麗的世界留
給我們的子孫后代。版本二： 第一句
For a long time, the environment protection advocates advance the cause in an independent manner, which is attention-catching for sure, thus good for awareness-raising, but this alone-fighter tactics is very ineffective.很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，環(huán)保人士都是以獨(dú)立的方式來(lái)提倡環(huán)保。雖然他們的行為吸引了關(guān)注，從而提升了
公眾的意識(shí)，但是這種孤軍作戰(zhàn)的策略實(shí)在效率太低。第二句
我們迫切需要的是一個(gè)企業(yè)、政府和公眾能一起合作的機(jī)會(huì)：集中資源，將環(huán)保當(dāng)成常事來(lái)做。第三句
Only by taking these concrete and practical steps one after another, can we finally reach our common cherished goal.只有通過(guò)這些具體和實(shí)踐的措施，我們才能一步一步地最終實(shí)現(xiàn)我們珍視的目標(biāo)。版本三： 第一句
Therefore, to combat this seemingly invincible enemy and to restore the beauty of our beloved home, concerted efforts across all sectors are called for, so that overwhelming momentum can be formed;因此，為了戰(zhàn)勝這個(gè)看上去無(wú)法戰(zhàn)勝的敵人、還我們摯愛(ài)的家園以潔凈和美麗，各領(lǐng)域都應(yīng)該攜手并 6.7.What we most urgently need is a chance for business sector, government and the general public to work together, to pool resources and to undertake environmental protection as a daily practice.2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 12 肩，形成強(qiáng)大動(dòng)力。第二句
Furthermore，in order to address such an wide-ranging issue, it only makes sense to reckon every aspects that may have directly or indirectly related to this problem and to draw on brilliant proposals of professionals and enthusiasts from various spheres.進(jìn)一步的講，要應(yīng)對(duì)這樣牽連甚廣的社會(huì)問(wèn)題，只有考慮各方面與這一問(wèn)題有關(guān)系的直接或間接因素、集中各行業(yè)專(zhuān)業(yè)人士和有志者的優(yōu)秀建議才是有意義的。網(wǎng)絡(luò)謠言傳播 第一句
1.The picture does illustrate a fact that new communication technology has ushered human beings into an age of information explosion, when the news, facts, opinions and even rumors have been bombarding us from every corner of the world and any information becomes available on our screen the instant a mouse-click is made.圖畫(huà)展示了一個(gè)事實(shí)：新的傳播技術(shù)帶領(lǐng)我們進(jìn)入了一個(gè)信息爆炸的時(shí)代，一點(diǎn)鼠標(biāo)信息就顯示在眼 前的屏幕上。第二句
2.The internet, notwithstanding facilitating spread of knowledge and filling in the information gap across social divisions, has become a hotbed of digital wildfire, and dangerous rumors can wreak havoc.雖然互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大幅提高了知識(shí)的傳播，并有益于消弭信息鴻溝，但卻成為了網(wǎng)絡(luò)謠言的溫床，謊言也會(huì) 帶來(lái)危險(xiǎn)。第三句
一些和謠言相關(guān)的案子浮出水面，引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于如果有效區(qū)別社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)上好友分享的真相與謊言的 激烈爭(zhēng)論。但任何一個(gè)敏銳的觀(guān)察者都能感知不可能有大家都接受的解決方案。第三段 第一句
Nevertheless, if the users of Internet social media treat all the information with just a hint of reasonable doubt and refrain from reposting suspicious ones, the digital wildfire may be prevented or curbed to some extent.如果社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶(hù)能夠帶著一絲懷疑的眼光理性地看待信息，不隨便轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)真實(shí)性可疑的信息，那么就
能在一定程度上阻止網(wǎng)絡(luò)謠言的生發(fā)和傳播。第二句：
另外,如果社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的營(yíng)運(yùn)者能謹(jǐn)慎地，并有決心的及時(shí)更正錯(cuò)誤，那么圖畫(huà)中的遺憾局面也將會(huì)只是 過(guò)眼云煙而已。
8.Surfacing of some cases concerning rumors has aroused a heated debate about how to effectively differentiate the facts and the rumors, information shared through networks of friends via Internet.10.And in addition, if Weibo, We Chat and other online media were to exercise caution and determination to right the wrong in time, this sorry state of affairs reflected in the picture would be a passing fad.9.2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 13 名人代言的非模板式表達(dá)： 第二段
Obviously, the message the picture tries to convey is that celebrity endorsement could bring about potential problems despite its many advantages.That is, without regulations, it could be used by those with bad intentions to trick people into buying commodities that are either poor in quality or harmful to people’s health.第三段
With celebrity endorsement increasingly used by companies and manufactures in our society to promote their products, we, as customers, should always keep a clear mind and make sensible decisions.Meanwhile, it is also our government’s responsibility to make laws and regulations for celebrity endorsement to ensure the rights of customers and create a safe and sound environment for the development of advertising business.“個(gè)人能力和品質(zhì)”的寫(xiě)作步驟
某種品質(zhì)對(duì)成功很重要: 可能出現(xiàn)的主題詞：
1.順境與逆境(Favorable Circumstances and adverse Circumstances)2.勤奮（hard working, diligence, painstaking efforts）3.謹(jǐn)慎（prudence and determination）
4.堅(jiān)持/毅力（perseverance，persistence, determination）5.熱情和樂(lè)觀(guān)（enthusiasm and optimism）
6.博學(xué)和求知（learnedness and seeking knowledge/pursuit of knowledge）7.活力（vitality）
8.身強(qiáng)體壯，充滿(mǎn)活力（bursting with vitality and good health）9.獨(dú)立(independence)10.感恩(gratitude ,gratification)11.創(chuàng)新(creation, innovation, critical mind, critical thinking)12.鼓勵(lì)(encouragement)13.真誠(chéng)（sincerity）
14.寬容（humanity, love, understanding and tolerance）15.自滿(mǎn)和謙遜（Being self-satisfied and being modest）16.勇敢（courage and bravery）
17.敬業(yè)精神(professional dedication and professional ethics)18.業(yè)務(wù)水平（competence）
19.苦難（suffering and hardship）第二段的寫(xiě)作： 第一句：
The picture tells us that nothing can be compared with creation or innovation when it comes to the cultivation of individual characteristics./ for the personal growth.或者：
The author of the picture attempts to convey with a certain amount of confirmation the distinctly clear message that the spirit of creation seems to underlie almost all human successes.或者
This human quality is part and parcel to the personal growth and its absence will definitely lead to one’s poor
performance and lower achievement.第二句：
Put it another way, without it, one could hardly/barely taste victory/ achieve their goal.或者：
2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 14 Put it another way, the adventure spirit is a key ingredient of the modern recipe to success, either for individuals or for a nation.或者：
To be sure, without the courage to engage in unknown journey and to embrace unexpected detours or setbacks, we would have no any advance to speak of.Fairly speaking, people or organization being able to do the next big thing must have this urge to take on the unfamiliar or unexpected route.And, adventure spirit, which this picture highlighted, indeed constitutes one of the wheels on which human society evolves.第三句：
Due attention to this quality is attached by individuals and even the whole society.或者
On my personal level, independence is truly the fundamental attribute of top performers, which separate the high achievers from the rest of the pack.或者：
In our era, also, this quality makes some outstanding companies or people stand out.第四句
People with spirit of independence can not only accumulate wealth, but will also establish their career, fit into society, and even attain social status.或者舉例：
谷歌，著名的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司，依靠其不可匹敵的產(chǎn)品獲得了一系列杰出的成就。正是冒險(xiǎn)精神使這個(gè)公
司為其股東和公眾創(chuàng)造了巨大的價(jià)值。換句話(huà)講：如果沒(méi)有創(chuàng)造精神，谷歌是不可能獲得這些杰出的成就。曼德拉的例子 版本一
曼德拉，一位巨人和偉大的英雄，由于堅(jiān)信人生而平等，被殘酷的關(guān)押了27 年，最終把自己的祖國(guó)改
造成了一個(gè)開(kāi)放的社會(huì)，可以說(shuō)是世界上最有說(shuō)服力的關(guān)于堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志的例子，他用他一生的經(jīng)歷告訴我們: 無(wú)論什么時(shí)候，無(wú)論在哪里，無(wú)論如何，面對(duì)挫折時(shí)的堅(jiān)毅和面對(duì)夢(mèng)想的執(zhí)著都是通向成功的重要原則 版本二
Nelson Mandela, one of the most recognizable African names in history, was a man possessing unmatched capability to endure and to forbear.He insisted on love and forgiveness despite of having been put behind bars for 27 years for his unwavering belief in human equality.His life perfectly illustrates the importance of fortitude and perseverance in achieving goals and dreams.曼德拉，歷史上被人記住的最有名的非洲名字，擁有無(wú)可匹敵的忍耐能力。盡管由于堅(jiān)信人生而平等
而被關(guān)押了27 年，卻堅(jiān)信愛(ài)和寬容。他的生命完美的證明了堅(jiān)毅和執(zhí)著在實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)和夢(mèng)想中的重要性。12.11.2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 15 馬云的例子 版本一：
馬云，中國(guó)電子商務(wù)帝國(guó)阿里巴巴的創(chuàng)始人，阿里巴巴的年銷(xiāo)售額已經(jīng)達(dá)到百億，他的成功故事完美 的例證了在實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人理想和為社會(huì)創(chuàng)造價(jià)值時(shí), 創(chuàng)新的重要性。版本二：
馬云，淘寶網(wǎng)這種全新的B2C 商業(yè)模式的創(chuàng)新者，開(kāi)創(chuàng)了全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)利潤(rùn)最高的網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物節(jié)：雙十一，他完美地例證了在實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人理想和為社會(huì)創(chuàng)造價(jià)值時(shí), 創(chuàng)新的重要性。
His incredible achievements originating from the critical thinking even attracts attention and curiosity of political heads both domestic and abroad: Li Keqiang, the Chinese premier, was reported to have held close conversation with him and more recently, British Prime Minister Cameron tried to convince him to list his company in UK.他那些源自于創(chuàng)新思維的成就甚至引起了海內(nèi)外政治領(lǐng)袖的好奇和關(guān)注。據(jù)報(bào)道中國(guó)總理李克強(qiáng)都和
他有親密的交談。最近，甚至英國(guó)首相都嘗試著說(shuō)服他到英國(guó)開(kāi)公司。最后一句
In other words, were there no the spirit of independence, we would never taste the real happiness of the successful life.換句話(huà)講，要是沒(méi)有獨(dú)立的精神我們就不可能獲得成功的喜悅。第三段的寫(xiě)作：（超級(jí)無(wú)敵高尚結(jié)束段）
The picture, to some degree, makes us reflect the conventional success and enlightens us to wonder the meaning of life and its permanent spiritual values.The spirit of independence is widely acknowledged as the essential trait that will entitle us not only the material wealth or rank of power but also the way to make life meaningful.So, the surest way to have a meaningful, happy life is to set goals mattering to us and to the world and commit ourselves to striving for it with this quality.從某種程度上講，這幅圖畫(huà)使我們?nèi)シ此紓鹘y(tǒng)的成功，啟發(fā)我們?nèi)ヌ骄可囊饬x和那些永恒的精神
價(jià)值。獨(dú)立的精神是一種必須的品質(zhì)，能使我們不僅可以獲得物質(zhì)財(cái)富和權(quán)力，還能讓我們找到使生命更 有意義的道路。所以獲得幸福和充滿(mǎn)意義的生活的最可靠的方式就是找到對(duì)自己和對(duì)這個(gè)世界都重要的目
標(biāo)，在這種精神的伴隨下，自己不斷地努力。版本二：
To a large extent, we are compelled by this drawing to reflect on the conventional successes that take up an inappropriately large share of our energy and time.It inspires us to explore the real essence of life and to derive guidance from the ever-lasting moral values that truly matter.This drawing, in a way, enlightens us on the limits of old beliefs of success, which carries much less value than the immortal values that in deed carries weight to a man’s life.從某種程度上講，這幅圖畫(huà)使我們?nèi)シ此紓鹘y(tǒng)的成功，啟發(fā)我們?nèi)ヌ骄可囊饬x和那些永恒的精神 價(jià)值。版本三： 第一句：
任何能真正獲得幸福的人都必須具有這種精神，這種精神不僅能產(chǎn)生物質(zhì)財(cái)富和一般意義的成功，而
13.The success story of Ma Yun, founder of China's online trading empire--Alibaba, best illustrates the importance of innovation in realizing personal ambition and creating value for the society 14.Ma Yun，the creator of Taobao, who makes the most profitable day for e-commerce in the world---Singles' Day, best illustrates the importance of innovation in realizing personal ambition and creating value for a nation.2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 16 且能讓我們獲得真正的有意義的人生。第二句：
所以我們必須記住：獲得幸福和充滿(mǎn)意義的生活的最可靠之路,開(kāi)始于找到一個(gè)對(duì)自己和對(duì)這個(gè)世界都
重要的目標(biāo)，我們不斷努力，我們就能最終到達(dá)幸福的終點(diǎn)站。圖表開(kāi)頭描述：
1.According to the table, the 文章主題 increased from 數(shù)字 in 年份 to 數(shù)字 in 年份.Although this was a small increase, the way in which 修飾 changed greatly.2.Since 年代, China has witnessed a great change in 主題.As the graph shows, the percentage of 主題詞1 decreased considerably, dropping from 數(shù)字 in 年代 to 數(shù)字 in 年代, while the corresponding figures for 主
題詞2 increased dramatically, rising from 數(shù)字 to 數(shù)字over the same period.3.As can be seen from the above graph, money value of annual global electronic commerce transactions is increasing gradually in the past nine years.In 2002, the money value of global electronic commerce transactions is almost $ 4 billion, while the number reaches $ 360 billion in 2011, 90 times that of 2002.4.It can be seen from the pie chart that… … accounts for the largest proportion.主題詞makes up 百分比of … 百分比represents 主題詞 百分比 is defined as 主題詞
5.Isolated as the figures seem to exist, as a matter of fact, they are connected with one another closely.Psychological problem is most prevalent among the 14-16 and 17 to 19 age groups, with 40% and 60% up of them claimed to have been troubled by it respectively.15.16.So, doubtless, what should be borne in our mind’s is that the most reliable path
to gain access meaningful and contented life begins with setting goals mattering both to ourselves and others，and runs ahead finally to the terminal of happiness with our continuous devotion.2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 17 This graph shows percentage of college students taking part-time job across different years: more than two thi rds of freshmen admit to have been actively employed by paid jobs and a slightly increase is witnessed among sop homores and juniors, while the percentage rise to 88.24% among the seniors.電子商務(wù)發(fā)展的原因： 第一段：
As is shown above, China’s online shoppers reached 210 million by the end of June.The country is expected to become the world largest online retail market next year, overtaking Japan.第二段：
After my exploration of this graph and consideration of some related facts, I would like to present the following reasons.Firstly, according to a survey, China’s Internet population reached 538 million, and it is the number that ushers a great possibility of the online shopping’s boom.Secondly, E-commerce companies are paying increasing attention to technology development and innovation to attract more online shoppers.Consistent with the improvement of technology is investment banks cheering it on, with more money poured into the market facilitating sales promotion.第三段
Impressive as the numbers are, there’s another set of statistics that’s even more striking: nearly one-third of the online shoppers in China fell prey to fraudulent websites during that period.Protection needs to be in place for everyone, starting with consumers, if China’s E-commerce industry is to grow as it can and should.第二部分 考研英語(yǔ)小作文分類(lèi)講解 書(shū)信的講解
第一種 申請(qǐng)信 例文一 Dear Sir，I am exited to learn of my administration to your two-year program study leading to M.A.in International Politics study.Indeed, the dream to get this opportunity has been deeply rooted in my mind since my first year of undergraduate study.In order to reduce the financial burden of my parents and to assume my responsibility as an adult man, I earnestly hope to obtain some kind of financial aid in the form of a teaching or research assistantship.I am an honest man and always be objective.I have the ability logical reasoning, including abstract and theoretical reasoning.I can distinguish what is important from what is trivial.I am an dependable man.I have the ability to meet deadlines.I can use computers and other information-processing devices.Would you kindly consider this request and advise me as to the possibilities? If there is any further information required, please let me know at your earliest convenience.Your early reply will be highly appreciated.Thank you for reading this letter.2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 18 例文二 Dear Sir, I would like to apply for one of the scholarships that your department may be offering to students from other countries.I am a postgraduate student in Peking University.I am majoring in computer sciences, and have done some research work during my study years.I hope to have a further study and continue to do my research work if I succeed in obtaining the scholarship.Would you please send me the necessary application forms and any further details about the scholarship? Enclosed please find two letters of recommendation and my score report card.Thank you for your consideration.I look forward to your reply.Respectfully yours, Li Ming 尊敬的閣下：
我申請(qǐng)貴系專(zhuān)門(mén)提供給外國(guó)留學(xué)生的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。
我是北京大學(xué)的一名研究生，我的專(zhuān)業(yè)是計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)，在校期間做了些研究工作。如果能獲得這筆獎(jiǎng) 學(xué)金，我希望能繼續(xù)深造并繼續(xù)做一些科研工作。請(qǐng)寄給我必要的申請(qǐng)表和有關(guān)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金方面的細(xì)節(jié)說(shuō)明。
隨函附上兩封推薦信和我的成績(jī)報(bào)告單。謝謝您能給予考慮，期盼您的回函。尊敬您的 李明
第二種 慰問(wèn)信 Dear William，I am shocked to hear that you have a severe influenza and now are in hospital.I get this news from your brother and know you must be absent for half a month from the classes.Do be careful while you are ill.Don’t worry about your lessons and I am willing to help you learn it when you return.We are best friends so I will never allow you to fall behind.You can watch television or listen to radio programs to help kill time and forget your pains while you recuperate.I do hope that I can see you soon and bring you some funny cartoons.If there is anything you need me to do, just let me know.We all miss you and shall be happy when you are back.Yours truly, Li Ming 親愛(ài)的威廉：
得知你因患上嚴(yán)重的流感而住院了，我感到十分震驚。我從你哥哥那里聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，知道你必須請(qǐng)
假半個(gè)月。在你生病期間，一定要注意身體。
請(qǐng)勿擔(dān)心你的課程，待你出院后，我非常樂(lè)意幫你補(bǔ)課。我們是最好的朋友，我不會(huì)讓你落后的。在
身體康復(fù)的過(guò)程中，你可以通過(guò)看電視或聽(tīng)廣播節(jié)目來(lái)消磨時(shí)間，忘記痛苦。我真心地希望我能很快去看
望你，并且?guī)Ыo你一些有趣的卡通片。
如果需要我的幫助，請(qǐng)告知。我們都很想念你，并很高興看到你早日回來(lái)。你真誠(chéng)的 李明
第三種：招募和歡迎 My dear new friends, You are welcomed to join in our English club.I am very glad that you will be a part of our fantastic club.Established in 2001, our club has celebrated her 10th birthday.In the past ten years, a lot of interesting activities 2014 考研作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義 19 have been designed and organized.Our most famous activities include talk shows, speech competition and role play competition.In our club, you will have ample opportunities to enjoy English movies, meet foreign friends and of course practice your oral English with them.I am sure you will enjoy the happy moments in our club and make progress in your English learning.第四種 感謝信 Dear ***, hope this letter finds you in good spirit and the best of health.I am writing this letter to acknowledge with profound gratitude the generous help that you offered to me last Sunday.You are a man of golden heart.I am deeply moved that you not only try to return a lost wallet picked up on pavement but also actually run all over the city to give it back to me.Nowadays, it is convenient for people to ignore other ones’ troubles in the current all-for-oneself atmosphere.Your selfish act reignites my hope and faith in a loving world, where strangers can be dear friends.Thank you again for your kind-heartedness and for sparing me the distresses that would very possibly have been incurred.Yours Sincerely, 第五種 祝賀信（記得皮卡丘哦）可以用的萬(wàn)能語(yǔ)料： 表示原因：
1.The reason for changing my working plan is about my wife, who is going to give birth of our first child next week in my hometown.My wife and I are both nervous and somewhat excited for this big event.As a husband and would-be father, I think, I must go back and stay with my wife and wait for my first child coming to the world.I can not stand the worry and anxiety caused by the whole matter, so I have to decide to change my working schedule.2.It’s a hard decision for me to leave, but to contribute to the development of my hometown in western China is an appealing dream in my heart for a long time.Now, the government is promoting the program for developing the western region and creased capital input to expedite infrastructure construction there.I hope my personal growth can be linked with the development of my hometown.Therefore, I decide to quit my job and hope you can understand my choice.萬(wàn)能結(jié)束套話(huà)： By the way, as the New Year is quickly approaching, I take this opportunity to send my greetings and best wishes to you for 2014.I sincerely look forward to continued friendly ties with you.With best wishes!At New Year and always, May peace and love fill your heart, beauty fill your world, and contentment and joy fill your days.新年的祝福，平日的希冀，愿你心境祥和、充滿(mǎn)愛(ài)意，愿你的世界全是美滿(mǎn)，Wishing you a sparkling, bright and happy New Year!May the season bring much pleasure to you.（BTW：空間里的楊冪真的不是我）__
第二篇：考研英語(yǔ)閱讀——何凱文
[頂] k哥考研英語(yǔ)閱讀34分必殺技之---關(guān)注觀(guān)點(diǎn)
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每每課間游走于教室時(shí)，總能見(jiàn)勤勉刻苦的同學(xué)會(huì)努力的在每一個(gè)他們不認(rèn)識(shí)單詞的上方標(biāo)出漢語(yǔ)意思，字跡工整，詳實(shí)豐富。這可謂之正確的做事。但是每次我都會(huì)告誡同學(xué)們以后切不可如此，因?yàn)檫@樣的標(biāo)注會(huì)使自己下次復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)，視線(xiàn)呈波浪狀起伏，閱讀到認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞時(shí)視線(xiàn)是平的，到不認(rèn)識(shí)處，視線(xiàn)自然上升。這樣其實(shí)不是在閱讀英文而是在閱讀中文，以后再看到滿(mǎn)頁(yè)的英文時(shí)還是會(huì)覺(jué)得恐懼。閱讀的能力依然很難提高。所以我們雖然在正確的做事，卻沒(méi)有做正確的事。
英語(yǔ)考研閱讀理解A節(jié)中30%的考題是含有考研英語(yǔ)特有思路的，也就是說(shuō)：“即使掌握了英語(yǔ)的基本技能（詞匯，句子和語(yǔ)篇分析能力），如果不了解考研的出題思路，在面對(duì)選項(xiàng)時(shí)，考生依然很難做出正確的選擇。”1所以盲目的對(duì)句子進(jìn)行分析，而不從出題人的設(shè)計(jì)思路上入手，這樣很容易掉入出題人設(shè)計(jì)的陷阱。“一艘大海中沒(méi)有目標(biāo)的航船，來(lái)自任何一個(gè)方向的風(fēng)都是逆風(fēng)。”“任何偉大的勝利都是思維的勝利”。所以我們必須首先找準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)，理清思路這樣才能無(wú)往而不利，在萬(wàn)千化境中保持那份“大好河山都陷了，至少這理還在的”從容。
（一）考研的文體到底是什么？
這個(gè)話(huà)題是被很多學(xué)生忽視的問(wèn)題，甚至包括很多老師對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的重視程度都不夠。我們往往就是停留在知道《Economist》（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人）上的很多文章是考研出題人所青睞的。但在分類(lèi)的時(shí)候還是將文章分為：說(shuō)明文和議論文。“面對(duì)議論文時(shí)我們要關(guān)注作者和文中其他人所談到的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。面對(duì)說(shuō)明文時(shí)我們重點(diǎn)是考察重要細(xì)節(jié)和概念性的描述。”這是常識(shí)。而在考研的科普文中，我們一旦陷入關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)的和概念性描述的常識(shí)性認(rèn)識(shí)之中，我們就很難將一些題目作對(duì)。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人在英文世界中的地位很像我國(guó)的《讀書(shū)》雜志，在上面發(fā)表文章的人都是英文世界中的文膽級(jí)的人物，而考研出題人所選取的文章也更多的是偏向人文社科和經(jīng)濟(jì)類(lèi)的文章，和針砭時(shí)弊，嬉笑怒罵，自成一派的反思性文章。即使選取的是科普類(lèi)的文章，文中更多的也是對(duì)人物觀(guān)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)論，所以我們必須形成清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)：考研閱讀的文體就是議論文，哪怕是科普性的文章也是側(cè)重對(duì)文中觀(guān)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行考察。
（二）題干的作用是什么？
在閱讀的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化試題中，我們都可以把閱讀分為三個(gè)部分：原文，題干和選項(xiàng)。原文是解題的依據(jù)，題干是解題的路標(biāo)，選項(xiàng)是解題的關(guān)鍵。而對(duì)于考研閱讀中題干的路標(biāo)作用同學(xué)們的理解并不深刻，很多時(shí)候老師在解析的時(shí)候也更多在關(guān)注選項(xiàng)間的區(qū)別，以及和原文的對(duì)應(yīng)。認(rèn)真關(guān)注題干，才是我們要做的正確的事。首先看第一個(gè)例子：
And this process need not be left to the unconscious.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream.Visualize how you would like it to end instead;the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course.With
much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.（2005年passage3）
34.Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.A）waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams
B）visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control
C）dreams should be left to their natural progression
D）dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious
這是一篇寫(xiě)如何控制夢(mèng)的文章，從題材上講是科普類(lèi)的文章，但是整個(gè)文章都在講述一個(gè)核心的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。如果能從觀(guān)點(diǎn)議論的角度出發(fā)，這篇文章中的很多難題都能迎刃而解。
34題當(dāng)年的難度系數(shù)為：0.3712，也就是只有37.1%的同學(xué)作對(duì)了這個(gè)題，屬于考研典型題目。
首先看一下題干：卡特萊特似乎在暗示________.問(wèn)題是在問(wèn)文中人物的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，因此這個(gè)題干直接就把我們帶到了段落的第二句：Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.（卡特萊特認(rèn)為人們可以練習(xí)有意識(shí)地控制噩夢(mèng)的重演）believe就是題干中suggest的同意表述。如果我們牢記觀(guān)點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)觀(guān)點(diǎn)的法則，這個(gè)題很容易選出D選項(xiàng)---夢(mèng)可能并不完全的是無(wú)意識(shí)的。而如果仔細(xì)閱讀后面的內(nèi)容你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其他選項(xiàng)有極強(qiáng)的迷惑性。
A)waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams.及時(shí)的醒來(lái)對(duì)于擺脫噩夢(mèng)非常重要。
文中有談到 try to wake up just enough to control its course，但只是說(shuō)到這個(gè)事實(shí)，Cartwright沒(méi)有對(duì)這個(gè)事實(shí)的性質(zhì)做出評(píng)價(jià)，所以essential是錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)。
B）visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control
想象噩夢(mèng)有助于我們控制它們。
文中談到的是Visualize how you would like it to end instead;
想象一下噩夢(mèng)是怎么結(jié)束的，而不是想象噩夢(mèng)本身。1所以bad dream成為錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)。
C）dreams should be left to their natural progression
應(yīng)該讓夢(mèng)自然推進(jìn)。
這個(gè)選項(xiàng)干擾性不強(qiáng)，可以直接排除。
而A,B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)卻是讓人在短時(shí)間內(nèi)很難排除，但如果我們緊扣題干，相信路標(biāo)，先做正確的事，那么我們就能避過(guò)考試出題人的干擾陷阱，直擊正確選項(xiàng)D。2009年考研第二篇文章再次出現(xiàn)了這樣的題目，并且思路和意圖更加明顯。
But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist.He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back.Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers.This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four
generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.28.Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to _____.A）trace distant ancestors
B）rebuild reliable bloodlines
C）fully use genetic information
D）achieve the claimed accuracy
依然先看一下題干：持懷疑態(tài)度的觀(guān)察家認(rèn)為家譜檢測(cè)未能_____.問(wèn)題同樣是在問(wèn)文中人物的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，因此這個(gè)題干直接就把我們帶到了段落的第一句But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Troy Duster, a New York
University sociologist.但有些觀(guān)察家對(duì)此表示懷疑的。紐約大學(xué)的社會(huì)學(xué)家特洛伊.達(dá)斯特說(shuō)，“聲稱(chēng)自己在做家譜測(cè)試的人正在吹噓一種虛假的精確性。”同樣道理believe就是題干中的says，這個(gè)社會(huì)學(xué)家就是懷疑者中的一個(gè)，他的觀(guān)點(diǎn)代表的就是懷疑者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，因此我們很清晰可以看出D選項(xiàng)---達(dá)到（檢測(cè)者）所聲稱(chēng)的精確度，為對(duì)剛才那句話(huà)的同意替換，是正確答案。我們要是以后面的內(nèi)容作為選擇依據(jù)我們將被迷惑項(xiàng)搞得痛苦不堪，尤其是選項(xiàng)C。
我們先解決到A和B
A）trace distant ancestors
追溯年代久遠(yuǎn)的祖先
文中說(shuō)most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage只考慮了單線(xiàn)的祖先，而不是說(shuō)找不到年代久遠(yuǎn)的祖先，輕松排除。
B）rebuild reliable bloodlines
重建可靠的血統(tǒng)譜系
文中說(shuō)This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two
ancestors，這種測(cè)試只能告知不完全的血統(tǒng)譜系，而不是說(shuō)不能重建可靠的血統(tǒng)譜系。
最后看看C選項(xiàng)，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)在教育部的考試分析中我們可以看到這個(gè)選項(xiàng)時(shí)是錯(cuò)選率最高的，在錯(cuò)選答案中占到了89% 3也就是這個(gè)題做錯(cuò)的同學(xué)幾乎都是錯(cuò)選的這個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
Fail to C）fully use genetic information
(未能)完整的利用基因信息
文章中Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage只考慮了單線(xiàn)的祖先；This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors，這種測(cè)試只能告知不完全的血統(tǒng)譜系；幾乎所有的線(xiàn)索都指向了答案C。但先仔細(xì)對(duì)比一下這兩種說(shuō)法：
1)Fully use genetic information;2）use full genetic information;
前一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是使用這個(gè)動(dòng)作的完整性；后一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是使用對(duì)象的完整性。顯然你就知道C選項(xiàng)是不對(duì)的了。
但是在考場(chǎng)上很少有同學(xué)能思考到這個(gè)層次，在D和C之間徘徊的時(shí)候請(qǐng)牢牢地記住了，問(wèn)題在問(wèn)觀(guān)點(diǎn)是什么，就不要去選對(duì)觀(guān)點(diǎn)的分析了。
再次強(qiáng)調(diào)：緊扣題干，找準(zhǔn)路標(biāo)，問(wèn)觀(guān)點(diǎn)就找觀(guān)點(diǎn)，先做正確的事，再正確的去做事。
第三篇：2012考研英語(yǔ)作文預(yù)測(cè)班輔導(dǎo)講義目錄(徐綻)
目錄
第一節(jié) 重點(diǎn)話(huà)題與句型
第二節(jié) 十種經(jīng)典段落框架
第三節(jié) 真題范文
第四節(jié) 經(jīng)典范文
第五節(jié) 應(yīng)用文歷年真題參考范文
第六節(jié) 書(shū)信作文十大框架結(jié)構(gòu)1
第四篇：2018何凱文考研英語(yǔ)每日一句
你的構(gòu)造遠(yuǎn)非完美。根據(jù)最新一份研究結(jié)果，人類(lèi)基因組75%的編碼都是無(wú)用的。休斯頓大學(xué)的Dan Graur表示，目前一些研究團(tuán)體將DNA的任何生化活動(dòng)，不管多微小，都視為功能性的體現(xiàn)；這是不對(duì)的，只有當(dāng)一個(gè)基因片斷擁有有意義的用處時(shí)，才能算作有功能。而對(duì)于功能性基因來(lái)說(shuō)，如果一個(gè)變異出現(xiàn)并打亂片斷時(shí)，就會(huì)對(duì)人體造成危害。出于很多原因，DNA總是在任意變異，比如說(shuō)紫外線(xiàn)輻射或細(xì)胞分裂時(shí)出現(xiàn)的DNA復(fù)制錯(cuò)誤。Graur認(rèn)為，如果人類(lèi)大多數(shù)的DNA都是功能性的，那么大多數(shù)有害的變異早就令人類(lèi)不堪承受了。而如果人類(lèi)大多數(shù)DNA都沒(méi)有用的話(huà)，那么大多數(shù)變異都無(wú)關(guān)痛癢，只有少數(shù)會(huì)起到非常明顯的效果，這和現(xiàn)實(shí)驚人的一致。今天的句子：
After 20 years of biologists arguing that most of the human genome must have some kind of function, it now seems that, because of the way evolution works, the vast majority of our DNA has to be useless – a suggestion that contradicts claims from prominent researchers.What can we learn from the text?(A)The famous scholars are of the idea that the human genome must be functional.(B)The 20 years study has proved that most DNA of ours is useless for our health.(C)The claims from famous scholars contradict the function of DNA in evolution.(D)The new research have proved that the function of useless DNA in human evolution.詞匯突破
genome 基因組 evolution 進(jìn)化 majority 大多數(shù)
contradict 否定；與……矛盾 claim 聲稱(chēng)；要求
prominent 顯著的；杰出的 確定主干：
it now seems that the vast majority of our DNA has to be useless.切分成分：
1.After 20 years of biologists arguing…狀語(yǔ)
2.that most of the human genome must have some kind of function賓語(yǔ)從句 3.because of the way evolution works原因狀語(yǔ)
a suggestion(that contradicts claims from prominent researchers)同位語(yǔ)；其中括號(hào)里嵌套了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句
參考譯文：二十多年來(lái)，生物學(xué)家一直認(rèn)為大部分人類(lèi)基因組均有一定功能。但現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)，因?yàn)檫M(jìn)化的工作機(jī)制，DNA中的絕大多數(shù)必須是無(wú)用的——這個(gè)意見(jiàn)否定了許多杰出研究者的假設(shè)。
昨天題目的講解：
After 20 years of biologists arguing that most of the human genome must have some kind of function, it now seems that, because of the way evolution works, the vast majority of our DNA has to be useless – a suggestion that contradicts claims from prominent researchers.What can we learn from the text?(A)The famous scholars are of the idea that the human genome must be functional.這個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)： Be of the idea that = 同意…觀(guān)點(diǎn)…
prominent researchers= The famous scholars 根據(jù)原文可以知道: biologists 的觀(guān)點(diǎn)= prominent researchers 的觀(guān)點(diǎn)
而biologists 的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是：most of the human genome must have some kind of function=the human genome must be functional.所以A選項(xiàng)是完美的同意替換！
這個(gè)句子其實(shí)講了兩個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)一個(gè)是傳統(tǒng)的過(guò)去的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，生物學(xué)家和杰出的研究者都認(rèn)同的觀(guān)點(diǎn)：人類(lèi)的基因組必須是有一定功能的。還有一個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在的新觀(guān)點(diǎn)：由于進(jìn)化的方式，大多數(shù)的人類(lèi)基因是沒(méi)有用的。
(B)The 20 years study has proved that most DNA of ours is useless for our health.20年的研究證明的不是DNA是沒(méi)有用的，而是說(shuō)一定有用的。偷換，所以排除！(C)The claims from famous scholars contradict the function of DNA in evolution.著名學(xué)者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)與進(jìn)化過(guò)程中DNA的功能是相抵觸的。“在進(jìn)化過(guò)程中DNA的功能”在文中并沒(méi)有談到，只談到了由于進(jìn)化，DNA變得沒(méi)有用了。所以是偷換！排除！(D)The new research have proved that the function of useless DNA in human evolution.新的研究證明了在人類(lèi)進(jìn)化過(guò)程中無(wú)用DNA的作用。文中沒(méi)有談到“無(wú)用DNA的作用”所以排除！
特朗普在競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)期間，標(biāo)榜自己是敢想敢做的新共和黨人，宣稱(chēng)當(dāng)選后將花1萬(wàn)億美元重建全美的道路、水利和橋梁，同時(shí)允諾將復(fù)興兩黨合作這種“失傳的藝術(shù)”。已經(jīng)入主白宮的他仍時(shí)不時(shí)地招搖“一個(gè)偉大的全國(guó)基建計(jì)劃”，將通過(guò)公私合作“創(chuàng)造成百萬(wàn)新的就業(yè)崗位”，與羅斯福和艾森豪威爾的政府工程相媲美。然而現(xiàn)實(shí)總是慘淡而骨感的，共和黨正陷入關(guān)于一系列事務(wù)的爭(zhēng)吵之中，有醫(yī)保、稅務(wù)、債務(wù)、移民和預(yù)算，而基建呢，還得坐在冷板凳上，等著這些權(quán)重更高的問(wèn)題一個(gè)個(gè)解決后才輪得著。（等待一旦起了頭，可能就是沒(méi)日沒(méi)夜、無(wú)止無(wú)休了……）
今天的句子：Infrastructure remains stuck near the rear of the legislative line, according to two dozen administration officials, legislators and labor leaders involved in coming up with a concrete proposal.It awaits the resolution of tough negotiations over the budget, the debt ceiling, a tax overhaul, a new push to toughen immigration laws— and the enervating slog to enact a replacement for the Affordable Care Act.詞匯突破: 1.infrastructure 基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)2.rear 后端3.legislative 立法的 4.concrete 具體的5.budget 預(yù)算6.overhaul 徹底檢修 7.immigration 移民8.enervating 無(wú)精打采的9.slog 苦干 10.enact頒布；制定法律 第一句：
確定主干：Infrastructure remains stuck near the rear of the legislative line.切分成分：
1.according to two dozen administration officials, legislators and labor leaders狀語(yǔ) 2.involved in coming up with a concrete proposal后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于who were involved in coming up with a concrete proposal 第二句：
確定主干：It awaits the resolution of tough negotiations.切分成分：
1.over the budget, the debt ceiling, a tax overhaul, a new push to toughen immigration laws and the enervating slog狀語(yǔ)
2.to enact a replacement for the Affordable Care Act后置定語(yǔ)
參考譯文：據(jù)20多位參與具體提案工作的行政官員、立法者和工會(huì)領(lǐng)袖所說(shuō)，基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)仍困于立法隊(duì)列的末尾。它等待著一系列艱難談判得到解決。這些談判涉及預(yù)算、債務(wù)上限、稅務(wù)改革、新一輪強(qiáng)化移民法的行動(dòng)，以及制定平價(jià)醫(yī)療法案的替代法這檔子令人精疲力竭的苦差使。今天的句子：德國(guó)汽車(chē)行業(yè)日前又曝出丑聞。《明鏡》周刊發(fā)布封面文章稱(chēng)：大眾、寶馬、戴姆勒本土三大巨頭車(chē)企從上世紀(jì)90年代組建起大型卡特爾（Cartel），秘密舉行會(huì)議，探討協(xié)調(diào)包括汽車(chē)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、供應(yīng)商甚至到柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)尾氣排放處理系統(tǒng)等諸多事宜。7月22日，歐盟最高反壟斷機(jī)構(gòu)歐盟委員會(huì)在一份聲明中確認(rèn)：歐盟委員會(huì)和德國(guó)反壟斷機(jī)構(gòu)“聯(lián)邦卡特爾局”已經(jīng)收到了相關(guān)信息，目前正對(duì)此進(jìn)行評(píng)估。若三大車(chē)企因減少競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的共謀行為被最終定罪，它們將面臨巨額罰款。
Germany’s high-end carmakers face a potentially destructive new scandal after European antitrust authorities said on Saturday that they were looking into allegations that Volkswagen, Daimler and BMW colluded illegally to hold down the prices of crucial technology, including emissions equipment.詞匯突破：1.high-end 高端的2.potentially 潛在地3.destructive 破壞性的 4.scandal 丑聞5.antitrust 反托拉斯的6.allegation 指控7.collude 共謀 確定主干：
Germany’s high-end carmakers face a potentially destructive new scandal.切分成分：
1.after European antitrust authorities said on Saturday時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 2.that they were looking into allegations賓語(yǔ)從句
3.that Volkswagen, Daimler and BMW colluded illegally to hold down the prices of crucial technology, including emissions equipment同位語(yǔ)從句
參考譯文：德國(guó)的高端汽車(chē)制造商可能面對(duì)一樁新的巨大丑聞。此前歐洲反壟斷部門(mén)上周六表示，他們正在調(diào)查有關(guān)大眾、戴姆勒和寶馬共謀以壓低關(guān)鍵技術(shù)設(shè)備(包括排放設(shè)備)價(jià)格的指控。
來(lái)做一個(gè)題吧：Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ________.[A] working attitude[B] conventional lifestyle [C] world outlook[D] educational background 上周日清晨，波士頓的沃爾瑟姆市區(qū)的一個(gè)豪華公寓小區(qū)突發(fā)大火。火勢(shì)迅猛，達(dá)到10級(jí)警報(bào)級(jí)別，共有5棟大樓倒塌。爆炸聲撕破空氣，煙塵和余燼交織成的火雨不斷傾瀉而下，打在附近的街道上。這是本月波士頓地區(qū)第二起因純木施工法而起火的工地。完全采用木頭結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行施工，因?yàn)槌杀镜投絹?lái)越受到青睞。尤其是在工地和人力價(jià)格都不菲的都市，更是得到了開(kāi)發(fā)商的偏愛(ài)。與選擇其它方法的建筑相比，這種方法的成品在完工后防火性能并不打折。但在施工過(guò)程中木結(jié)構(gòu)極易起火，所幸二次相關(guān)的失火都發(fā)生在非工作時(shí)間，到目前為止，僅有兩人受輕傷。
Fire officials say the buildings are as safe as any other once they’re fully operational— with sheetrock, fire breaks,smoke detectors, and sprinklers installed — but they are vulnerable during construction,when flames can shoot quickly through rooms composed of little more than wood.詞匯突破
1.operational可使用的2.sheetrock石棉水泥板3.detector探測(cè)器 4.sprinkler灑水器5.install安裝6.vulnerable易受傷害的；有弱點(diǎn)的 7.composed of由…組成 確定主干：
Fire officials say(the buildings are as safe as any other 賓語(yǔ)從句), but they are vulnerable during construction.切分成分：
1.once they’re fully operational時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
2.with sheetrock, fire breaks,smoke detectors, and sprinklers installed介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)
3.when flames can shoot quickly through rooms時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 4.composed of little more than wood后置定語(yǔ)
參考譯文：消防官員說(shuō)，一旦全面投入使用，這些建筑會(huì)和其它建筑一樣安全，裝有石棉水泥板、隔火設(shè)施、煙霧探測(cè)器和灑水器。但在施工過(guò)程事，它們非常脆弱，火焰可以快速地穿透主要是木頭的房間。
今天的句子：科學(xué)家警告說(shuō)，物種入侵和全球變暖是一對(duì)并肩作戰(zhàn)的“奪命二人組”。人類(lèi)的頻繁遷徙讓物種越來(lái)越有可能進(jìn)入新的地域，而氣候變暖則推動(dòng)許多異域物種在原本水土難服的環(huán)境中恣意生長(zhǎng)。阿根廷蟻在英國(guó)的肆虐就是一個(gè)新的例證。這種蟻通常生長(zhǎng)在室內(nèi)，然而氣候變暖使得它們逐漸可在野外生存。沒(méi)有天敵和環(huán)境的約束，這些自由的入侵大肆繁殖，并通過(guò)層疊效應(yīng)影響了整個(gè)生態(tài)生態(tài)圈的穩(wěn)定。每年英國(guó)因物種入侵而遭受的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失高達(dá)數(shù)十億英鎊。As trade and human travel has become globalised many thousands of species have crossed oceans or mountain ranges and become established in new regions, with some causing “invasional meltdown” and over a trillion of dollars of damage a year.Recent research shows that ever more animals and plants are finding their way to foreign lands and that invasive species are a “primary threat” to economies, human wellbeing and wildlife.The reason animals and plants can find their way to foreign lands is ____.(A)the invasive species are a “primary threat” to our life as recent research shows(B)huge amount of damage has been caused by the invasive species a year(C)the mass immigration of human being combined with the global trade business.(D)the species established in new regions can improve the human wellbeing 詞匯突破
1.globalized 全球化的2.species 物種3.invasion 入侵 4.meltdown 崩潰5.trillion 萬(wàn)億6.primary 首要的 7.wellbeing 福利8.wildlife野生動(dòng)植物 第一句： 確定主干：
many thousands of species have crossed oceans or mountain ranges and become established in new regions.切分成分：
1.As trade and human travel has become globalised狀語(yǔ)從句
2..with some causing “invasional meltdown” and over a trillion of dollars of damage a year伴隨狀語(yǔ) 第二句： 確定主干：
Recent research shows… 切分成分：
1.that ever more animals and plants are finding their way to foreign lands賓語(yǔ)從句一
2.that invasive species are a “primary threat” to economies, human wellbeing and wildlife賓語(yǔ)從句二
參考譯文：國(guó)際商貿(mào)和旅行令數(shù)千物種跨越海洋或山脈，在新的地區(qū)扎根繁衍。其中一些物種發(fā)展成“入侵災(zāi)難”，每年損失高達(dá)萬(wàn)億。最近的調(diào)查顯示，更多動(dòng)植物正在“走向”異域，入侵物種是對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、人類(lèi)及野生動(dòng)植物的“首要威脅”。每天你都會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有某個(gè)公號(hào)文章正在鼓吹斷舍離。這種生活美學(xué)從一個(gè)側(cè)面反映，人類(lèi)擁有強(qiáng)烈的收藏欲。不管東西，也不論古今，人們都會(huì)對(duì)特定的事物懷有依戀之情，并大費(fèi)周章地獲取和收藏。美國(guó)四五十年代出生的生育高潮兒就是這樣。他們中有些人旅行到一個(gè)地方，就會(huì)買(mǎi)一個(gè)杯子（星馬克的地方系列馬克杯大概就是為這些人準(zhǔn)備的），有的收集各種毛絨玩具。但現(xiàn)在步入老年的他們極為苦惱，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)子女都不愿意繼承這些家什，一聽(tīng)到“我走了它們就是你的了”這樣的話(huà)就感到萬(wàn)分恐懼。看來(lái)現(xiàn)在傳家寶并不那么受年輕人歡迎。
今天的句子：
While every generation has its turn with an attachment for antiques or nostalgia for outdated technology, today’s tech-heavy culture shows few signs of trading in its sleek, modern designs for dark furniture or knick-knacks from bygone eras.詞匯突破：
attachment 依戀antique 古董nostalgia 懷舊
outdated 過(guò)時(shí)的sleek 線(xiàn)條流暢的knick-knack 小物件 bygone 過(guò)去的 確定主干：
today’s tech-heavy culture shows few signs of trading in…for… 當(dāng)下以科技為主的文化顯示了很少以……交換……的跡象 切分成分：
1.While every generation has its turn with…比較狀語(yǔ)從句
2.an attachment for antiques or nostalgia for outdated technology 介詞with的賓語(yǔ) 3.its sleek, modern designs 介詞in的賓語(yǔ)
4.dark furniture or knick-knacks from bygone eras介詞in的賓語(yǔ)
參考譯文：雖然每代人都對(duì)舊物或是老科技有所依戀，但當(dāng)下崇尚科技的文化顯示了極少跡象，會(huì)以現(xiàn)代流暢的設(shè)計(jì)去交換過(guò)去的深色家具或小物件高手與人辯論時(shí)，最忌一時(shí)看不清對(duì)手的邏輯謬誤，被拉進(jìn)無(wú)休止的無(wú)意義討論中。比如說(shuō)最常見(jiàn)的謬誤——人身攻擊（ad hominem），即不用證據(jù)、事實(shí)或理由去維護(hù)立場(chǎng)，而是透過(guò)標(biāo)簽、挑釁或謾罵來(lái)攻擊對(duì)手。來(lái)看看兩位世界頂級(jí)大咖的互掐。臉書(shū)創(chuàng)始人扎克伯格在直播中被問(wèn)道，怎么看待馬斯克的殺人機(jī)器人言論。扎克伯格說(shuō)，人工智能會(huì)構(gòu)建更和諧的世界，我認(rèn)為那些反對(duì)者試圖描繪一幅末日?qǐng)鼍埃也幻靼祝艺娴恼J(rèn)為這是非常不負(fù)責(zé)的。不久馬斯克就在推特中反駁道，扎克伯格對(duì)人工智能領(lǐng)域的理解很有限。直接擺出了一幅我懶得和你這種水平的人搭話(huà)的態(tài)度。另外，值的一提的是，霍金也和馬斯克一樣，認(rèn)為人工智能會(huì)讓人類(lèi)成為二等公民，或者發(fā)起終結(jié)者式的叛亂。
今天的句子：The groundwork for the world’s nerdiest fight was laid by Musk, the Tesla and SpaceX CEO, earlier this month, when he pushed again for the proactive regulation of artificial intelligence because he believes it poses a “fundamental risk to the existence of civilization”.詞匯突破
Groundwork 基礎(chǔ) Nerdy 書(shū)呆子的Proactive regulation 事前監(jiān)管 Fundamental 十分重要的Existence 生存Civilization 文明 確定主干：
The groundwork for the world’s nerdiest fight was laid by Musk.切分成分：
1.the Tesla and SpaceX CEO同位語(yǔ)2.earlier this month時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
3.when he pushed again for the proactive regulation of artificial intelligence時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句4.because he believes…原因狀語(yǔ)從句
5.(that)it poses a “fundamental risk to the existence of civilization”賓語(yǔ)從句 參考譯文：特斯拉和SpaceX的CEO伊隆?馬斯克本月早些時(shí)候，一再?gòu)?qiáng)烈要求建立針對(duì)人工智能的事前監(jiān)管，為世界上最書(shū)呆子氣的沖突埋下伏筆。他相信人工智能對(duì)“文明的存續(xù)造成重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。明天的句子：
Imitation can get a bad reputation, but researchers say our species’ drive to imitate so readily is a significant mechanism through which we learn social norms, integrate into society, and build social connection.And, they say, this level of imitation might be what sets us apart from other species and may have set us on the path to building an advanced society.英語(yǔ)中有句諺語(yǔ)：“模仿是最真誠(chéng)的恭維”（Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery）。科學(xué)家的研究表示，模仿的重要性不僅如此，還可能是人之所以為人的根源。嬰幼兒時(shí)期，人們就開(kāi)始模仿周遭的人，學(xué)人吐舌頭，把耳朵靠近電話(huà)聽(tīng)筒，向給自己打招呼的手揮手。等我們成年后，遇到心儀的人會(huì)不自主地模仿對(duì)方的身體語(yǔ)言，和朋友買(mǎi)一樣的紅鞋子，網(wǎng)購(gòu)明星同款。也許很多人不愿意承認(rèn)自己是模仿者，然而科學(xué)研究表明只有人類(lèi)才能建立高度組織化的社會(huì)文明正是源于模仿。獲得知識(shí)有兩種基本途徑，一種是嘗試—犯錯(cuò)—嘗試，這種方法無(wú)疑是最直接、最有開(kāi)創(chuàng)性、也最受尊敬的，但它效率極低；另一種就是模仿，模仿使得人類(lèi)得以快速地掌握復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言和社會(huì)文化，相當(dāng)于“抄了小道”。人類(lèi)不僅有意識(shí)地模仿具有直接功能目的的舉動(dòng)，還會(huì)無(wú)意識(shí)地模仿那些看起來(lái)多余且無(wú)稽的言行。
今天的句子：Imitation can get a bad reputation, but researchers say our species’ drive to imitate so readily is a significant mechanism through which we learn social norms, integrate into society, and build social connection.And, they say, this level of imitation might be what sets us apart from other species and may have set us on the path to building an advanced society.詞匯突破：1.Imitation 模仿2.Reputation 名聲
3.Mechanism 機(jī)制4.Integrate 融入
第一句：
確定主干：Imitation can get a bad reputation, but researchers say…
切分成分：(that)our species’ drive to imitate so readily is a significant mechanism賓語(yǔ)從句 through which we learn social norms, integrate into society, and build social connection定語(yǔ)從句，修飾mechanism 第二句：
確定主干：And this level of imitation might be…
切分成分：what sets us apart from other species and may have set us on the path to building an advanced society what = something/that 參考譯文：模仿也許名聲不好，但研究者說(shuō)人類(lèi)極其樂(lè)于模仿的沖動(dòng)是一種重要機(jī)制，通過(guò)這種機(jī)制我們學(xué)習(xí)社會(huì)規(guī)范、融入群體和建立聯(lián)系。他們認(rèn)為，這種模仿水平也許是將人類(lèi)與其他物種區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)的原因，它也讓我們走上了建立先進(jìn)社會(huì)的道路。倫敦金融區(qū)的金絲雀碼頭一直是歐盟的藥品管理局和銀行監(jiān)管局的所在地。英國(guó)退歐留出的空缺讓歐盟成員國(guó)蠢蠢欲動(dòng)，競(jìng)相使出渾身解數(shù)，想讓這兩家備受矚目的機(jī)構(gòu)落地自家后院。一場(chǎng)脫歐遺產(chǎn)爭(zhēng)奪戰(zhàn)正在上演。19個(gè)國(guó)家已經(jīng)正式申請(qǐng)接管歐盟醫(yī)藥局，8個(gè)國(guó)家表達(dá)了對(duì)銀行監(jiān)管局的興趣，只有愛(ài)沙尼亞、斯洛文尼亞、塞浦路斯、匈牙利、立陶宛和拉脫維亞6國(guó)懶得折騰。一些國(guó)家花重金雇傭了公關(guān)公司來(lái)制作申請(qǐng)材料：光鮮的宣傳冊(cè)、高清視頻，還有各種逗笑的吹捧段子。阿姆斯特丹在視頻里說(shuō)自己是藥品管理局的不二之選，因?yàn)椤拔覀円灿袝r(shí)髦的王后，也喜歡魚(yú)和薯?xiàng)l。而且我們英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得倍兒棒。”捷克則表示所有管理局的工作人員可以５年免費(fèi)參觀(guān)任何博物館以及布拉格動(dòng)物園。維也納說(shuō)自已的自來(lái)水質(zhì)量上乘，來(lái)自于高山清泉，也是世界上唯一一個(gè)釀酒業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的首都（來(lái)上班還是來(lái)飲酒啊……）。米蘭為擁有17000家餐館而感到自豪（可能覺(jué)得管理局養(yǎng)了一大幫吃貨……）。瑞典則提示全世界自己可是頒諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的地方，更別說(shuō)他們的宜家、Spotify和Skype了（諾獎(jiǎng)可以走后門(mén)么？……）。最耿直的要屬巴黎和愛(ài)爾蘭了，一個(gè)提出拿出150萬(wàn)歐元來(lái)幫銀行監(jiān)管局交房租，另一個(gè)大手筆的表示要出7800萬(wàn)歐元，其中第1年將1500萬(wàn)給藥品管理局，并覆蓋銀行監(jiān)管局頭10年一半的房租（洋氣的法國(guó)同學(xué)怎么比農(nóng)民出身的愛(ài)爾蘭少了那么多……）。盧森堡大公國(guó)更是表示會(huì)免費(fèi)送一橦新樓。（今天的解說(shuō)有點(diǎn)多了，但各國(guó)熱烈的追求實(shí)在令我感動(dòng)，沒(méi)控制住……）
今天的句子：In the past, decisions on the location of agencies have been made behind closed doors, and prompted huge arguments resolved only through trades and stitch-ups.This time, however, member states have devised clear rules for the competition, in an attempt to avoid a desperate squabble among the EU27 at the same time as the Brexit negotiations.詞匯突破
prompt 促使resolve 解決stitch-up 縫補(bǔ)，這里指彌補(bǔ) devise 提出；策劃desperate 絕望的squabble 爭(zhēng)吵 第一句：
確定主干：Decisions have been made behind closed doors and prompted huge arguments.切分成分：In the past時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)on the location of agencies后置定語(yǔ)（that were）resolved only through trades and stitch-ups定語(yǔ)從句
第二句：確定主干：However, member states have devised clear rules for the competition.切分成分：This time 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
in an attempt to avoid a desperate squabble among the EU27介詞短語(yǔ)做目的狀語(yǔ) at the same time as the Brexit negotiations時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 參考譯文：過(guò)去關(guān)于歐盟機(jī)構(gòu)地點(diǎn)的決策總是在私下達(dá)成，并會(huì)引發(fā)只能通過(guò)交易和彌補(bǔ)平息的巨大爭(zhēng)論。然而這一次成員國(guó)提出了清楚的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)規(guī)則，試圖避免在英國(guó)退歐談判的同時(shí)出現(xiàn)令人極度無(wú)奈的爭(zhēng)吵。
隨著體育世界陷入一年一度的夏季迷茫期，一系列不祥的時(shí)刻正在出現(xiàn)。7月初斯蒂芬?庫(kù)里與金州勇士隊(duì)簽署為期5年的合同，合同價(jià)值僅為2億美元。在上個(gè)合同期，庫(kù)里憑借自己的表現(xiàn)和安慰人心的魅力，幫助勇士隊(duì)的價(jià)值從2010年的僅4.5億提升到現(xiàn)在了260億美元。消息一出，勒布朗?詹姆斯在推特上寫(xiě)道：“為什么球員的薪水要有最高限？別回答。斯蒂芬這個(gè)夏天應(yīng)該獲得4億。”另一則消息更是讓人們看到誰(shuí)才是球員價(jià)值的最終受益者。7月中旬休斯頓火箭隊(duì)老板決定出售球隊(duì)，這支球隊(duì)24年來(lái)價(jià)值翻了19倍。
今天的句子：But by the time Lonzo Ball, the Lakers rookie point guard, whose passing ability is exceeded by only his father’s self-promotional thirst, lit up the N.B.A.’s summer league in Las Vegas in early July, a pattern was emerging.Beyond all the insiderish commentary about N.B.A.free agency and where Gordon Hayward, a borderline All Star, might end up, there was a steady stream of news that seemed to call into question the structure of labor and compensation in American professional sports.詞匯突破：rookie新人point guard 控球后衛(wèi)pattern模式 commentary評(píng)論borderline邊界的compensation補(bǔ)償 第一句：確定主干：A pattern was emerging.切分成分：But by the time Lonzo Ball lit up the N.B.A.’s summer league in Las Vegas in early July時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)the Lakers rookie point guard同位語(yǔ)
whose passing ability is exceeded by only his father’s self-promotional thirst定語(yǔ)從句 第二句：確定主干：There was a steady stream of news.切分成分：1.Beyond all the insiderish commentary about N.B.A.free agency and where Gordon Hayward might end up讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 2.a borderline All Star同位語(yǔ)
3.that seemed to call into question the structure of labor and compensation in 4.American professional sports定語(yǔ)從句
參考譯文：湖人隊(duì)新秀控球后衛(wèi)朗佐?鮑爾過(guò)人能力出色，僅次于他老爸自夸的狂熱。當(dāng)他在拉斯維加斯點(diǎn)亮NBA的夏季聯(lián)賽時(shí)，一種模式已經(jīng)成形。且不論所有關(guān)于NBA自由球員和全明星邊緣人戈登?海沃德去向的內(nèi)部評(píng)論，仍源源不斷地冒出新的消息，看似令人懷疑美國(guó)職業(yè)賽事的用工和酬勞機(jī)制。美國(guó)許多餐廳基本都會(huì)使用一個(gè)竅門(mén)來(lái)平均原料成本——主推雞翅類(lèi)菜肴。雞翅的價(jià)格在2016年底才不過(guò)1.8美元每鎊，而且屬于長(zhǎng)盛不衰的高流量菜，男女老少約會(huì)聚會(huì)時(shí)都喜歡啃個(gè)雞翅。然而高需求一旦突破了原有的供需平衡，價(jià)格上漲必然會(huì)發(fā)生。今年餐廳不再能夠使用雞翅來(lái)分擔(dān)成本了，因?yàn)樗膬r(jià)格已經(jīng)漲到2.9美元每鎊。就連供貨商也在報(bào)怨價(jià)格太離譜，“史上最貴的雞翅”。曾經(jīng)人們反感動(dòng)物脂肪，一味地青睞純瘦的雞胸肉，然而風(fēng)水輪流轉(zhuǎn)，現(xiàn)在眾人又回歸了對(duì)肥美多汁的熱愛(ài)。The fat is back.今天的句子：The increased demand is sweet revenge for the humble wing, an unwanted poultry byproduct back in the 1980s, when the American dining public was certain that animal fats would kill them and demanded only boneless, skinless chicken breasts.But starting around 2009, wing prices started to eclipse those for breasts, hinting that demand for wingettes and drumettes was on the rise.詞匯突破
poultry 禽類(lèi)byproduct 副產(chǎn)品eclipse 蝕；使黯淡 wingette 雞翅中drumette 雞翅根 第一句：
確定主干：The increased demand is sweet revenge for the humble wing.切分成分：an unwanted poultry byproduct back in the 1980s同位語(yǔ)
when the American dining public was certain…and demanded only boneless, skinless chicken breasts時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
that animal fats would kill them賓語(yǔ)從句 第二句： 確定主干：
wing prices started to eclipse those for breasts.切分成分：
But starting around 2009狀語(yǔ) hinting that…語(yǔ)
that demand for wingettes and drumettes was on the rise賓語(yǔ)從句 參考譯文：需求上漲是卑微的雞翅一次甜蜜的復(fù)仇。雞翅在20世紀(jì)80年代還是沒(méi)人想要的禽類(lèi)副產(chǎn)品，那時(shí)美國(guó)的飲食男女確信動(dòng)物脂肪會(huì)要了他們的命，只吃無(wú)骨無(wú)皮的雞胸肉。但從2009年開(kāi)始，雞翅的價(jià)格開(kāi)始超過(guò)雞胸肉，顯示對(duì)翅中和翅根的需求正在上漲。
被尊稱(chēng)為“醫(yī)學(xué)之父”的希波克拉底（《希波克拉底誓言》仍是今天醫(yī)護(hù)人員的重要職業(yè)道德準(zhǔn)則）曾提出過(guò)體液學(xué)說(shuō)。這種學(xué)說(shuō)認(rèn)為人體內(nèi)有４種不同類(lèi)型的體液：血液、粘液、黃膽汁和黑膽汁。一旦脾分泌的黑膽汁過(guò)多，人就會(huì)感到抑郁——持續(xù)的心情灰暗，無(wú)緣由地長(zhǎng)期感到恐懼或傷心。直到17世紀(jì)，神經(jīng)學(xué)家Thomas Willis才認(rèn)識(shí)到抑郁與體液無(wú)關(guān)，而是一種涉及大腦功能的復(fù)雜病變。雖然人們慢慢接受了抑郁是一種生理失調(diào)，而非古人認(rèn)為的巫蠱抑或魔障之害（中世紀(jì)時(shí)抑郁的女性會(huì)被當(dāng)作巫婆活活燒死），但是目前仍沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)期和有效的治療方法。美國(guó)有12%的人正在服用抗抑郁藥物，且自殺率已經(jīng)攀升到30年來(lái)最高點(diǎn)。
今天的句子：Although he had little else to offer patients besides the lifestyle remedies of the Greeks, melancholia was finally thought to be at least partly biological.In subsequent years, everything from herbal remedies to opium to music therapy to spinning stools designed to make people too dizzy to feel pain fell in and out of vogue.We can learn from the passage that___.(A)herbal remedies were once in fashion to control melancholia(B)there are many therapies to heal and cure melancholia(C)the Greeks finally found melancholia to be physical disease(D)the opium used to be used to cure the melancholia 詞匯突破：
remedy 治療melancholia 憂(yōu)郁subsequent 接下來(lái)的 herbal 草藥的opium 鴉片spinning stool 旋轉(zhuǎn)凳vogue 流行
第一句: 確定主干：
melancholia was finally thought to be at least partly biological.切分成分：
Although he had little else to offer patients besides the lifestyle remedies of the Greeks讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 第二句：
確定主干：everything fell in and out of vogue.切分成分：
In subsequent years時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
from herbal remedies to opium to music therapy to spinning stools 列舉，“from…to…to”結(jié)構(gòu)
designed to make people too dizzy to feel pain后置定語(yǔ)，“too…to”太而不能
參考譯文：雖然他除了希臘人的生活方式療法之外就沒(méi)有什么可以提供給病人，但憂(yōu)郁終于被認(rèn)為至少部分源于生理。接下來(lái)的數(shù)年，從草藥、鴉片、音樂(lè)療法到旋轉(zhuǎn)凳所有那些旨在讓人因頭暈?zāi)垦６鵁o(wú)法覺(jué)察痛楚的潮流時(shí)興時(shí)衰。昨天題目的解析：
Although he had little else to offer patients besides the lifestyle remedies of the Greeks, melancholia was finally thought to be at least partly biological.In subsequent years, everything from herbal remedies to opium to music therapy to spinning stools designed to make people too dizzy to feel pain fell in and out of vogue.We can learn from the passage that___.(A)herbal remedies were once in fashion to control melancholia Fashion=vogue
原文：herbal remedies fell in of vogue.選項(xiàng)：herbal remedies were once in fashion Too…to feel pain= to control melancholia 感覺(jué)不到痛苦=控制抑郁癥 所以A就是正確答案！
(B)there are many therapies to heal and cure melancholia Heal 和cure 不對(duì)，沒(méi)有說(shuō)這些治療手段能治愈抑郁癥。(C)the Greeks finally found melancholia to be physical disease 翻譯：希臘人最終發(fā)現(xiàn)抑郁癥是生理疾病； 這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)不是希臘人做出來(lái)的，所以排除！(D)the opium used to be used to cure the melancholia Used to be used = 過(guò)去被用，而現(xiàn)在不被用；
原文說(shuō)的是鴉片治療抑郁癥過(guò)去流行過(guò)，現(xiàn)在不流行了。而不是說(shuō)不用了。當(dāng)然cure這個(gè)詞用的也不準(zhǔn)確。今天的句子：
Back in 1990, Pew asked couples what made a marriage work, and fewer than half(47%)of adults said sharing household chores was very important.When couples were asked again 17 years since later, no other item on the list(which included faithfulness and happy sexual relationships)had risen in importance nearly as much, and across the demographic landscape―among men as well as women, marrieds as well as singles;old as well as young.According to the recent survey, what makes the marriage work well decisively ?(A)the loyalty to the marriage(B)the harmonious communication(C)the importance of home chores(D)the joint efforts for homework
近日，一位男子在Quora上的提問(wèn)招來(lái)了全世界網(wǎng)友劈頭蓋臉的痛罵。他說(shuō)，“我未婚妻的收入還不到我的四分之一，卻不肯婚后辭職，想讓我分擔(dān)家務(wù)。我告訴她要得到自己想要的，就得去找個(gè)收入和她一樣的。我說(shuō)錯(cuò)了么？”對(duì)于家庭分工這個(gè)課題，專(zhuān)門(mén)研究稀缺資源分配的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)有話(huà)要說(shuō)。首先需要考慮的是專(zhuān)業(yè)化。亞當(dāng)?斯密1776年在《國(guó)富論》中就提到，財(cái)富的秘密不在于金錢(qián)而在于勞動(dòng)力的專(zhuān)業(yè)化：一個(gè)人不應(yīng)尋求把所有事都做好，而是專(zhuān)心于自己最擅長(zhǎng)也最能獲得成就感的事（這就是相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論）。所以對(duì)于這位男子和他的未婚妻來(lái)說(shuō)，兩個(gè)人都更擅長(zhǎng)和喜歡自己的工作，那么就都不應(yīng)該放棄職業(yè)。這個(gè)矛盾就引出了下一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原則——公平。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)有一個(gè)經(jīng)典實(shí)驗(yàn)，叫做“最后通牒博弈”。參與者甲有20美元，他必須決定給乙一部分錢(qián)，如果乙拒絕接受，兩個(gè)人都不能得到錢(qián)。實(shí)際上，只有在甲將錢(qián)的40-50%分給乙時(shí)，才能達(dá)到博弈的效能最大化，因?yàn)楦偷臄?shù)額會(huì)顯失公平，令乙退出博弈。這個(gè)原則應(yīng)用到家務(wù)分配中，就是說(shuō)不管雙方收入如何，身份完全平等的夫妻（古代或落后法律制度下不平等的關(guān)系除外）應(yīng)該盡量分擔(dān)家務(wù)這種枯燥且認(rèn)同感極低的工作，否則婚姻這個(gè)“博弈”將無(wú)法持續(xù)地進(jìn)行下去。詞匯突破
Chores 雜活Faithfulness 忠誠(chéng)Demographic 人口的 第一句： 確定主干：
Pew asked couples …and fewer than half of adults said… 切分成分：
Back in 1990時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
what made a marriage work賓語(yǔ)從句
（that）sharing household chores was very important賓語(yǔ)從句 第二句： 確定主干：
no other item on the list had risen in importance nearly as much.切分成分：
When couples were asked again 17 years since later時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 and across the demographic landscape狀語(yǔ)
among men as well as women, marrieds as well as singles;old as well as young 狀語(yǔ)(which included faithfulness and happy sexual relationships)定語(yǔ)從句
參考譯文：上個(gè)世紀(jì)90年代，皮尤研究中心問(wèn)一些情侶和夫妻：什么能使婚姻穩(wěn)固？低于一半（47%）的成年人表示，分擔(dān)家務(wù)非常重要。而17年后情侶和夫妻們被問(wèn)到同樣的問(wèn)題時(shí)，沒(méi)有任何一項(xiàng)（包括忠誠(chéng)度以及和諧的性生活）在重要性上的提升能夠接近“分擔(dān)家務(wù)”，而且遍布所有人口結(jié)構(gòu)——不論男女、婚否或是老幼都這么認(rèn)為。The need for reform was demonstrated, the commission says, by the extraordinary case of a 14-year-old girl suffering from terminal cancer, identified only as JS, who sought permission last year from the high court to have her body cryogenically preserved in the hope that she could be brought back to life at a later date.詞匯突破：
Demonstrate 證明；展示Extraordinary 非凡的；特別的Cryogenically 低溫地；冷凍地
確定主干：
The need for reform was demonstrated by the extraordinary case.切分成分：
1.the commission says插入語(yǔ)
2.of a 14-year-old girl suffering from terminal cancer后置定語(yǔ) 3.identified only as JS定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于who was identified only as JS 4.who sought permission last year from the high court定語(yǔ)從句
5.to have her body cryogenically preserved in the hope不定式作目的狀語(yǔ) 6.that she could be brought back to life at a later date同位語(yǔ)從句
參考譯文：法律委員會(huì)表示，14歲女孩（僅以代號(hào)JS識(shí)別）的特別案件證明了改革的必要性。這位罹患晚期癌癥的女孩去年向高等法院申請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)冰凍保存遺體，希望將來(lái)某一天能復(fù)活。
上周末，谷歌一位工程師在內(nèi)部備忘錄中抨擊了谷歌的性別平等計(jì)劃，認(rèn)為科技行業(yè)中存在性別差距的部分原因來(lái)自于生理（他認(rèn)為女性的抗壓能力相對(duì)較低，谷歌不應(yīng)把“共情力”看的那么重要），谷歌應(yīng)該停止通過(guò)所謂的性別平等計(jì)劃“排外保守主義者”。該內(nèi)部備忘錄后流出，引爆了社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)，招來(lái)一片討伐之聲。然而據(jù)這名工程師說(shuō)，許多谷歌的同事都同意和衛(wèi)護(hù)他的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。谷歌的人力資源在兩方之間又是躲石子又是找立場(chǎng)，一時(shí)間不知道如何回應(yīng)。直到周一，谷歌的首席官SundarPichai說(shuō)：“這份備忘錄違反了我司的行為準(zhǔn)則，通過(guò)倡導(dǎo)有害的性別定型越了界。”谷歌工程副總裁Ari Balogh發(fā)表聲明說(shuō)：“我們文化中很重要一部分是分享不同的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。但這份備忘錄的一個(gè)方面讓我深刻不安，他暗示女性或者男性必須以一種特定的方式去感受或行動(dòng)。這是有害的標(biāo)簽化。它的內(nèi)核是偏見(jiàn)。”彭博社隨后報(bào)道，該名員工已被解聘。而谷歌對(duì)于這份報(bào)道沒(méi)有提出異議，相當(dāng)于默認(rèn)了解聘行為的發(fā)生。今天的句子： After a controversial memo by a Google engineer about diversity programs at the company and gender differences went viral over the weekend, sparking an explosive reaction on social media, the search giant did not dispute media reports late Monday that the employee had been fired.詞匯突破：
controversial有爭(zhēng)議的diversity多元化的viral廣為傳播的 spark引起；導(dǎo)致explosive爆炸性的 確定主干：
the search giant did not dispute media reports late Monday.切分成分：
1.After a controversial memo…went viral over the weekend時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
2.by a Google engineer about diversity programs at the company and gender differences后置定語(yǔ)；修飾memo 3.sparking an explosive reaction on social media現(xiàn)在分詞其主語(yǔ)是前面這件事 4.that the employee had been fired同位語(yǔ)從句
參考譯文：周末谷歌工程師的一份極具爭(zhēng)議的內(nèi)部備忘錄在社交網(wǎng)路上瘋狂傳播，引發(fā)爆炸性反應(yīng)。備忘錄內(nèi)容有關(guān)谷歌的多樣性計(jì)劃和性別差異。之后，這家搜索引擎巨頭沒(méi)有否認(rèn)周一晚些時(shí)候關(guān)于該名雇員已被解聘的媒體報(bào)道。
“骨灰級(jí)”工作狂、96歲的菲利普親王于本周三正式退休，終于結(jié)束了長(zhǎng)達(dá)65年的公職。從1952年至今，不數(shù)他陪伴女王出席的各種活動(dòng)，他一共單獨(dú)出席了22219場(chǎng)公開(kāi)活動(dòng)。菲利普親王同時(shí)還是一位風(fēng)趣詼諧的段子手，為女王獲得了很多支持，但也曾因?yàn)殚_(kāi)不恰當(dāng)?shù)恼瓮嫘Χl上媒體頭條。時(shí)光無(wú)情，當(dāng)年俊美的希臘王子如今已是耄耋之年。他經(jīng)過(guò)了二戰(zhàn)卻也熟稔這個(gè)和平時(shí)代的處處互聯(lián)，更是一步步幫助妻子渡過(guò)了皇室的公眾信任危機(jī)。談到順應(yīng)潮流、適應(yīng)時(shí)代同時(shí)堅(jiān)持傳統(tǒng)，這個(gè)世上也許沒(méi)有比英國(guó)皇室和菲利普親王做得更好的了——一個(gè)古老的君權(quán)和一位古稀的老人舍棄了那張不露聲色的貴族臉，融入了新千年中大眾的熱忱。
今天的句子：Managing extreme old age – the prince is 96 – is a new challenge for the monarchy, but only one of many that this extraordinary institution now has to confront.It is doing so with the kind of professionalism that has also become typical since its hold on popular esteem seemed genuinely challenged in the dark days between the row over the taxpayer paying for the 1992 Windsor Castle fire and the death of Princess Diana five years later.詞匯突破
monarchy 君主制institution 機(jī)構(gòu)confront 面對(duì) professionalism 職業(yè)精神esteem尊敬genuine 真實(shí)的第一句： 確定主干：
Managing extreme old age is a new challenge for the monarchy, but only one of many… 切分成分：
1.the prince is 96插入語(yǔ)
2.that this extraordinary institution now has to confront定語(yǔ)從句 第二句： 確定主干：
It is doing so with the kind of professionalism that has also become typical.切分成分：
1.since its hold on popular esteem seemed genuinely challenged in the dark days 時(shí)間從句 2.between the row over the taxpayer paying for the 1992 Windsor Castle fire and the death of Princess Diana five years later 后置定語(yǔ)，在……和……之間的日子
參考譯文：應(yīng)對(duì)高齡是皇室的一個(gè)新挑戰(zhàn)（親王已經(jīng)96歲），但這僅是這個(gè)特別機(jī)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在必須面對(duì)的眾多困難之一。皇室正秉著一種職業(yè)精神應(yīng)對(duì)。從1992年關(guān)于溫莎堡大火由納稅人埋單的爭(zhēng)吵到1997年黛安娜王妃去世的黑暗日子里，皇室在大眾心目中的地位的確受到了挑戰(zhàn)，而之后職業(yè)精神便成了皇室典型的行事作風(fēng)。
不管你是個(gè)熱心的素食者還是個(gè)固執(zhí)的肉食者，不管你用的是帆布袋還是塑料袋，你一個(gè)人對(duì)于生態(tài)的影響是微乎其微的。但這些生活細(xì)節(jié)就極大地影響別人怎么看你，你如何看自己。心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果人們極其關(guān)注社會(huì)地位時(shí)，傾向于在公共場(chǎng)所購(gòu)物時(shí)選擇綠色產(chǎn)品。也就是說(shuō)虛榮心，而不是行為效能，才是促進(jìn)大部分人環(huán)保的最有效因子。但虛榮心只有在被別人看得見(jiàn)時(shí)才發(fā)揮作用，一旦回到私下則會(huì)出現(xiàn)“道德許可”現(xiàn)象。即人們覺(jué)得在一方面做“夠”了好事，就能在另一方面放松放松。比如說(shuō)大部分說(shuō)自己綠色環(huán)保的精英人士從來(lái)沒(méi)有拼過(guò)車(chē)也沒(méi)有盡量避免坐飛機(jī)出行，而單是這兩項(xiàng)的碳足跡就遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)吃肉了。換句話(huà)說(shuō)，也就是自我克制常常會(huì)導(dǎo)致自我放縱（認(rèn)真減過(guò)肥的人想必有所體會(huì)）。
今天的句子：When people shopped in a green(versus conventional)simulated online store, they felt like they’d done their good deed for the day and were more likely to cheat or steal in a subsequent task-an effect psychologists call “moral licensing”.Similarly, getting weekly feedback on water consumption reduced people’s water use by 6 percent, but it increased their electricity use by 5.6 percent—as if they felt that being careful in one area entitled them to relax in another.詞匯突破
Simulate 模仿Subsequent 接下來(lái)的Moral licensing 道德許可 Feedback 反饋Consumption 消費(fèi)Entitle 使有……權(quán)力
第一句： 確定主干：
they felt like they’d done their good deed for the day并列成分一 and were more likely to cheat or steal in a subsequent task并列成分二 切分成分：
When people shopped in a green(versus conventional)simulated online store條件狀語(yǔ)從句
an effect psychologists call “moral licensing” 同位語(yǔ) 第二句： 確定主干：
getting weekly feedback on water consumption reduced people’s water use by 6 percent并列成分一
but it increased their electricity use by 5.6 percent并列成分二 切分成分：
as if they felt …方式狀語(yǔ)從句
that being careful in one area entitled them to relax in another賓語(yǔ)從句
參考譯文：人們?cè)谀M的綠色線(xiàn)上商店購(gòu)物時(shí)，會(huì)覺(jué)得今天的善行已經(jīng)完成，更有可能在接下來(lái)的任務(wù)中作弊或打折扣——這種效應(yīng)被心理學(xué)家們稱(chēng)為“道德許可”。相似的，人們?cè)诿恐塬@得用水量反饋后可減少6%的用水，但用電量卻上升了5.6%，就像是他們覺(jué)得一個(gè)方面用心，就有權(quán)力在另一方面放縱。
It’s a rough world out there.Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat.Light up the stove and you could burn down the house.Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles.Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.51.What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened? [A] Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.[B] Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.[C] Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.[D] Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.先做題再看解析吧！題目的解析：
1.It’s a rough world out there.外面的世界很殘酷；
2.Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat.一出門(mén)，你可能在門(mén)墊上滑倒，摔斷了腿；
3.Light up the stove and you could burn down the house.一給爐子生火，你可能會(huì)把房子給燒了。前三句話(huà)做了一個(gè)引入； 4.Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles.幸運(yùn)的是，如果門(mén)墊或者火爐沒(méi)有警告即將到來(lái)的災(zāi)難，一場(chǎng)成功的訴訟可能會(huì)對(duì)你的麻煩做出賠償。
5.Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.這句話(huà)是重點(diǎn)，因?yàn)轭}干有很明顯的定位詞”1980s” 句法分析： 句子主干：
Or so the thinking has gone（since the early 1980s狀語(yǔ)）這里的or = and So 用法你應(yīng)該見(jiàn)過(guò)：
“確實(shí)是這樣”，表示對(duì)前面陳述事實(shí)的強(qiáng)調(diào)，結(jié)構(gòu)為so+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞
例句：Tony works very hard at all the subjects.So he does.這里的has gone 就是系動(dòng)詞= has been;The food has gone bad.= The food has been bad.所以主干變成大家能讀懂的樣子就是： And the thinking has been so since the early 1980s 從1980年代以來(lái)人們的想法就是這樣的了！（所以第四句就是答案來(lái)源句！）再來(lái)看一下這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句：
when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.那時(shí)候陪審團(tuán)開(kāi)始認(rèn)為(holding)更多的公司應(yīng)該為他們消費(fèi)者的不幸負(fù)責(zé)（liable for）。怎樣原文解釋的夠清楚了吧！51.What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened? [A] Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.選擇A的同學(xué)主要是不知道relive的搭配！Relieve something 表示的是減輕…
但是relieve sb of sth 也就是sb is relieved of sth，只能表示“免除某人…；”“某人被免除…” 所以這里的A選項(xiàng)就是不對(duì)的，不可能通過(guò)一場(chǎng)訴訟就免除災(zāi)難！你以為法院是寺廟呢？還可以消災(zāi)免難？打完官司出來(lái)一看，我去，腿沒(méi)斷！！（媽的，智障！）這就是很多年詞匯的梗了！
[B] Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.這是正確答案，受傷的顧客可以期待從法律系統(tǒng)中獲得保護(hù)； 也就是第四句講的：
a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles.模糊替換！
[C] Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.（公司可以通過(guò)提供新的警告來(lái)避免被起訴。）
選C的同學(xué)，你要是能給我找出哪里有“提供新的警告”，以及“避免被起訴”我就把電腦吃下去，你是自己在腦子里想出來(lái)的吧！你是蔣中挺派來(lái)的？自己去一元，冷靜一下！[D] Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.（陪審團(tuán)常常會(huì)挑出公司承諾賠償?shù)拿 ＃?/p>
這也是屬于要上天的同學(xué)選的答案，你想象力太豐富了，給你一個(gè)jury 你就能選D，在多給點(diǎn)其他的，你就要和太陽(yáng)肩并肩了！滾粗！別燙著自己！
阿黛爾6月底向粉絲致公開(kāi)信道歉取消兩場(chǎng)已經(jīng)售盡的演唱會(huì)，她寫(xiě)道：“我不知道怎么開(kāi)口。前兩晚我已經(jīng)力不從心了。我的聲帶已經(jīng)不能再堅(jiān)持。”音樂(lè)產(chǎn)業(yè)最有力的年輕之聲陷入沉默。年僅29歲的阿黛爾已經(jīng)是第二次聲帶受傷，第一次她通過(guò)高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的聲帶微手術(shù)找回了聲音。然而聲樂(lè)老師Lisa Paglin和Marianna Brilla在那次手術(shù)時(shí)就已經(jīng)把聲譽(yù)賭上，準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)料到阿黛爾會(huì)因傷再次離開(kāi)舞臺(tái)，原因是手術(shù)治標(biāo)并未治本。他們認(rèn)為當(dāng)前越來(lái)越多的藝術(shù)家面臨嚴(yán)重的聲帶損傷，是因?yàn)樽詮耐吒窦{以來(lái)人們就開(kāi)始崇尚一種不自然的演唱方式，張得不能再大的嘴巴，大口大口的呼吸，面部表情極其駭人。這種發(fā)聲方式已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致大量歌唱家失去聲音。也許我們太習(xí)慣現(xiàn)在的表演方式，太習(xí)慣了尖叫出來(lái)的高音和宣泄，忘記了在貝尼亞米諾·吉里的時(shí)代，壓根就沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)聲帶受損這回事，那時(shí)所有的表演者唱歌都帶著自然輕松的愉快表情。每一種嗓音都有特殊的處理方法，力圖服從本能，掌握令自已舒適的發(fā)聲方式，才是長(zhǎng)久之道。今天的句子：They aim to stimulate the cords precisely where they aren’t coming together properly, and to break students out of the bad habits that cause problems in the first place: taking big gulps of air,tensing the throat and jaw muscles, forcing the mouth to open to exaggerated proportions, and the urge to scream out the high notes.詞匯突破：
cords 聲帶precisely 準(zhǔn)確地gulp 大口吸氣exaggerate 夸張notes音節(jié)音符 確定主干：
They aim to stimulate the cords precisely and to break students out of the bad habits（grow out of the bad habit :改掉壞習(xí)慣）切分成分：
1.where they aren’t coming together properly地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 2.that cause problems in the first place定語(yǔ)從句 列舉：
3.taking big gulps of air habits 4.tensing the throat and jaw muscles habits 5.forcing the mouth to open to exaggerated proportions habits 6.and the urge to scream out the high notes habits 參考譯文：他們的目標(biāo)是準(zhǔn)確刺激聲帶中未正常聚攏的地方，并讓學(xué)生打破首先導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題的壞習(xí)慣：大口吸氣，緊繃喉嚨和顎肌，強(qiáng)迫嘴巴張到夸張的程度，以及尖叫出高音的沖動(dòng)。
生命起源于何處？Fiat lux et facta est lux.（Let there be light and then there is light.許多大學(xué)的座右銘源于這個(gè)拉丁文。）有了光之后呢？曾經(jīng)我們認(rèn)為原始海洋是生命的源初之地，為單細(xì)胞生物提供了能量、養(yǎng)分和庇護(hù)，并進(jìn)一步催化它們發(fā)展成為更復(fù)雜的生命形式。但是這個(gè)理論有諸多漏洞。最說(shuō)不通的地方在于海洋中大量的水會(huì)快速稀釋和分散聚合生命所需的分子，這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)根本來(lái)不及相互作用，以形成細(xì)胞膜和原始的新陳代謝體系。最近分子學(xué)家對(duì)澳大利亞一處古巖石的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)，為生命的起源提供了新的方向。他們認(rèn)為，生命不來(lái)自海洋，而起源于陸地上干濕交替的火山間歇泉。一方面，火山帶來(lái)的地?zé)峤o原始生命提供了“起動(dòng)資金”——能量；另一方面，分子可在干涸期的水洼中聚集和濃縮，從而進(jìn)行的必要的化學(xué)反應(yīng)，生成更加復(fù)雜的分子聚合物；而豐水期的再次到來(lái)則給予了這些高分子聚合物更多機(jī)會(huì)擴(kuò)散，等到干涸期再次來(lái)臨時(shí)他們會(huì)繼續(xù)濃縮并反應(yīng)，最終形成細(xì)胞膜的原形。The pools have heat to catalyze reactions, dry spells in which complex molecules called polymers can be formed from simpler units, wet spells that float these polymers around, and further drying periods that maroon them in tiny cavities where they can interact and even become concentrated in compartments of fatty acids—the prototypes of cell membranes.詞匯突破
catalyze 催化；刺激molecule 分子polymer 高分子聚合物 maroon 把……困在cavity 洞；凹處compartment 分隔的空間 fatty acid脂肪酸cell membrane細(xì)胞膜spell 時(shí)期 確定主干：
The pools have heat…, dry spells, wet spells, and further drying periods.切分成分：
to catalyze reaction 不定式做后置定語(yǔ)
in which complex molecules called polymers…定語(yǔ)從句
(that)can be formed from simpler units 定語(yǔ)從句，省略引導(dǎo)詞that that float polymers around…定語(yǔ)從句 that maroon them in tiny cavities定語(yǔ)從句
where they can interact and even become concentrated in compartments of fatty acids定語(yǔ)從句
the prototypes of cell membranes同位語(yǔ)
參考譯文：（這些水洼擁有熱能、干涸期、豐水期以及更多的干涸期。）（我調(diào)整了一下語(yǔ)序；大家看看怎么樣。）熱能可催化（化學(xué)）反應(yīng)，干涸期中簡(jiǎn)單分子能夠形成復(fù)雜的高分子聚合物，豐水期中這些高分子聚合物可四處漂浮，而更多的干涸期則將它們困在凹洞內(nèi)相互作用，甚至在脂肪酸分隔成的空間內(nèi)匯集——即細(xì)胞膜的雛形。
今天的題目：A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide — the division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor.And that divide does exist today.My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide.There are reasons to be optimistic.55.Digital divide is something ________.[A] getting worse because of the Internet [B] the rich countries are responsible for [C] the world must guard against [D] considered positive today 今天題目的解析:A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide — the division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor.And that divide does exist today.My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide.There are reasons to be optimistic.55.Digital divide is something ________.[A] getting worse because of the Internet 選A的同學(xué)估計(jì)是蔣中挺派來(lái)的搗亂的，或者就是他選的！不然沒(méi)有合理的理由解釋?zhuān)銈兡睦锟吹交ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)了！滾粗！[B] the rich countries are responsible for 選B的同學(xué)估計(jì)是中蔣中挺的毒太深，世界上的壞事都是富裕的國(guó)家干的。你在文章中哪里看到富裕的國(guó)家應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)任了？滾粗！[C] the world must guard against 對(duì)應(yīng) My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.looming danger=something the world must guard against！完美替換，正確答案！[D] considered positive today 選D的同學(xué)我很同情你們！
What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide.我知道你丫看的是這一句！解析：
主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)
沒(méi)有被人們注意到的是=（What was less visible 主語(yǔ)從句）were =不那么明顯（visible)的是 the new, positive forces(表語(yǔ)！）定語(yǔ)從句獨(dú)立成句：
that work against the digital divide.=the new, positive forces work against the digital divide 這種新的正面的力量正在對(duì)抗著digital divide！再次說(shuō)明digital divide 不是個(gè)好東西！
（你丫不獨(dú)立成句！以為句子短就可以任性！）最后一句：
所以（對(duì)于digital divide 這個(gè)危險(xiǎn)）有理由保持樂(lè)觀(guān)！把這段話(huà)給我背下來(lái)!好好的感受寫(xiě)作的套路！！本段總結(jié)：
你們20年前沒(méi)有注意到的危險(xiǎn)，我們注意到了！現(xiàn)在你們?cè)趽?dān)心這個(gè)危險(xiǎn)了，我來(lái)告訴你，不用擔(dān)心，我已經(jīng)看到一個(gè)抵抗的力量了！（接下來(lái)就是寫(xiě)這個(gè)抵抗力量是什么！）
公共衛(wèi)生專(zhuān)家有時(shí)會(huì)用一座城市的地鐵線(xiàn)路圖或鐵路交通圖來(lái)研究和描述收入差距與居民壽命的相關(guān)性。比如說(shuō)倫敦的銀禧線(xiàn)，從政治中心西敏寺到后工業(yè)區(qū)坎寧鎮(zhèn)的8個(gè)站，每經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)站，居民的平均壽命就會(huì)下降一歲。而在格拉斯哥市，從喬丹山到布里廳頓共7個(gè)站，男性平均壽命就從75.8歲下降至61.9歲。這些鮮明的區(qū)別也許是對(duì)廣泛存在的醫(yī)療不平等最醒目的描述。保守黨和自由民主黨聯(lián)盟共同執(zhí)政的幾年內(nèi)，貧富人口之間在醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生方面的差別沒(méi)有像他們承諾的一樣縮小，反而因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)之后的緊縮政策而逐漸增大。今天的句子！
In England the coalition’s controversial Health and Social Care Act 2012 places the health secretary under “an overarching duty to have regard to the need to reduce inequalities between the people of England with respect to the benefits that may be obtained by them from the health service”.What can we learn from the passage?(A)The act of the social care demands the respect of people’s benefit.(B)The primary duty of the secretary is to shorten the gap of inequality.(C)The Social Care Act has caused the controversy about the secretary.(D)The coalition of England has caused the inequalities of the people.詞匯突破: coalition 聯(lián)盟controversial 有爭(zhēng)議的overarching 首要的；支配一切的 inequality 不平等obtain 獲得with respect to 關(guān)于to have regard to 關(guān)心… 確定主干：
The coalition’s controversial Health and Social Care Act 2012 places the health secretary under an overarching duty.切分成分：
1.In England 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
2.to have regard to the need…不定式做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾duty 3.to reduce inequalities between the people of England不定式做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾need 4.with respect to the benefits…介詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)
5.that may be obtained by them from the health service定語(yǔ)從句 翻譯點(diǎn)撥：
我把主語(yǔ)翻譯為一個(gè)句子：
In England the coalition’s controversial Health and Social Care Act 2012 在英格蘭，聯(lián)盟提出的2012年醫(yī)療和社會(huì)保障法案?jìng)涫軤?zhēng)議。This Act places the health secretary under an overarching duty 該法案規(guī)定衛(wèi)生部長(zhǎng)的首要責(zé)任是
參考譯文：在英格蘭，聯(lián)盟提出的2012年醫(yī)療和社會(huì)保障法案?jìng)涫軤?zhēng)議。該法案規(guī)定衛(wèi)生部長(zhǎng)的首要責(zé)任是去關(guān)注一種需求即：減少英格蘭人從醫(yī)療服務(wù)中可能獲得的福利方面的不平等。
Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing.The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required by the Thatcher Government's Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs.But it is the arrival of new satellite channels — funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers' subscriptions — which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.58.The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than ________.[A] the emergence of commercial TV channels
[B] the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government
[C] the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs
[D] the challenge of new satellite channels
思路解析：
第一句：BBC不得不改變，因?yàn)槠渲車(chē)膹V播的世界在變！第二句：變化的表現(xiàn)一。（原因一）第三句：變化的表現(xiàn)二。（原因二）
現(xiàn)在問(wèn)題就來(lái)了：到底是看第二句還是看第三句呢？ A選項(xiàng)和B選項(xiàng)還有C選項(xiàng)仿佛在對(duì)應(yīng)著第二句； D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)第三句；
這個(gè)時(shí)候就要檢查你是否尊重題干了！
題干中有個(gè)很重要的定位詞: The foremost reason 這是在問(wèn)最主要的原因！所以第二句和第三句的地位是不一樣的！
第三句中：But it is the arrival of new satellite channels — funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers' subscriptions — which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.有But,有biggest所以第三句才是主要原因啊！
所以答案只能選擇D！
同時(shí)：ABC這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不是對(duì)第二句話(huà)的同意替換，只是看上去有點(diǎn)相似而已！即使你看不出ABC的錯(cuò)誤，那你也必須知道定位到第二句就是錯(cuò)的！當(dāng)你讀到關(guān)于癌癥研究的新聞故事時(shí)，請(qǐng)記住一個(gè)健康警示：相信字里行間的希望，但別信里邊的炒作。一個(gè)好的新聞標(biāo)題醒目煽動(dòng)，可迅速地“收割”大范圍的讀者注意力；然而堅(jiān)實(shí)的科學(xué)卻是長(zhǎng)期針對(duì)復(fù)雜問(wèn)題一步一步邁出的路。如果一種新的療法仍在研究過(guò)程中，那意味著真正應(yīng)用到臨床還需要很多年。雖然我們?cè)诿鎸?duì)華而不實(shí)的信息時(shí)要保持頭腦的清醒，但是仍需承認(rèn)癌癥的治療已多有突破，希望一直都在。現(xiàn)在我們知道除了傳統(tǒng)的侵入性化療之外，還有一些更智能更有效的靶向藥。比如說(shuō)一些乳腺癌細(xì)胞的存活有賴(lài)于一種叫做HER2的蛋白質(zhì)，可使用抗體藥物赫塞汀進(jìn)行治療；而另一種乳腺癌細(xì)胞則依附于雌激素，可由抗雌激素它莫西芬控制。
As blogger Kay Curtin, who has advanced melanoma, puts it: “The media tend to pick one line on a report and run with it, but they do not draw attention or highlight that it’s just a potential benefit, or the fact that many of these are just proven in a petri dish or a mouse and very often do not prove effective when tested on humans.It is cruel to existing patients to make claims with misleading headlines.” 詞匯突破：
1.Advance +疾病=患病2.melanoma 黑素瘤5.petri dish 皮氏培養(yǎng)皿 6.proven in a petri dish or a mouse : 比喻只是在實(shí)驗(yàn)階段;確定主干： 第一句：
The media tend to pick one line on a report and run with it.并列成分一 But they do not draw attention or highlight?并列成分二 切分成分：
As blogger Kay Curtin puts it 狀語(yǔ)從句 Who has advanced melanoma定語(yǔ)從句 That it’s just a potential benefit 賓語(yǔ)從句
Or the fact that many of these are just proven in a petri dish or a mouse 同位語(yǔ)從句
And very often do not prove effective 相當(dāng)于and many of these very often do not prove effective When tested on humans 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 第二句: It is cruel to existing patients to make claims with misleading headlines.參考譯文：誠(chéng)如罹患晚期黑素瘤的博客作家Kay Curtin所言：“媒體常常從報(bào)告中摘一句話(huà)，就這句話(huà)寫(xiě)開(kāi)去，但卻不強(qiáng)調(diào)或令人注意好處只不過(guò)是潛在的，或者其中許多僅在培養(yǎng)皿中或?qū)嶒?yàn)鼠身上實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)，在人體測(cè)試中經(jīng)常被證明無(wú)效。用誤導(dǎo)性的標(biāo)題來(lái)提出主張，這對(duì)于現(xiàn)在的病人是殘忍的。”
明天的句子：
A report in early December from the D.C.Fiscal Policy Institute, an organization that researches budgets and taxes that affect needy residents in the city, revealed that with rising rent, the poorest Washington residents faced spending more than half their income on housing.This feeds the grim cycle Ms.White and Ms.Kelly know well: the abbreviated stays in shelters, the faint hope of independent housing, the evictions, the return to beds they do not own and have little interest in occupying.31 美國(guó)權(quán)力的中心華盛頓市，蜿蜒的安那卡那斯提亞河流過(guò)時(shí)髦高檔的海軍船塢社區(qū)。對(duì)岸的臨時(shí)住宅樓籠罩在Frederick Douglass故居陰影下，它是這光鮮的首都最窮困最潦倒的市民們的容身之所。這個(gè)在權(quán)力的光環(huán)下日益昂貴的城市同時(shí)也催生了越來(lái)越多無(wú)家可歸的流浪者，就像兩個(gè)平行宇宙突兀地共存著。根據(jù)美國(guó)市長(zhǎng)會(huì)議的調(diào)查，華盛頓在32座參加調(diào)查的城市中流浪者比率最高，每1萬(wàn)人就有142人無(wú)家可歸，是全美平均水平的兩倍。高企的房?jī)r(jià)更是令許多普通市民購(gòu)置自有住房成為遙不可及的幻夢(mèng)，同樣勢(shì)不可擋的房租則吃掉了一般職員的大部分薪水。與以往不同，現(xiàn)在新加入“無(wú)家可歸大軍”的市民，很多都是有工作的人。今天的句子：A report in early December from the D.C.Fiscal Policy Institute, an organization that researches budgets and taxes that affect needy residents in the city, revealed that with rising rent, the poorest Washington residents faced spending more than half their income on housing.This feeds the grim cycle Ms.White and Ms.Kelly know well: the abbreviated stays in shelters, the faint hope of independent housing, the evictions, the return to beds they do not own and have little interest in occupying.詞匯突破
fiscal policy財(cái)政政策reveal 揭露grim 冷酷的 abbreviate 縮寫(xiě)，減少eviction驅(qū)逐 第一句： 確定主干：
A report revealed that? 切分成分：
1.in early December 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
2.from the D.C.Fiscal Policy Institute 介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)
3.an organization that?同位語(yǔ)，修飾the DC Fical Policy Institute 4.that researches budgets and taxes?定語(yǔ)從句，修飾an organization 5.that affect needy residents in the city定語(yǔ)從句，修飾budgets and taxes 6.that with rising rent, the poorest Washington residents faced spending more
than half their income on housing賓語(yǔ)從句 第二句： 確定主干：
This feeds the grim cycle? 切分成分：
1.(that)Ms.White and Ms.Kelly know well定語(yǔ)從句 2.the abbreviated stays in shelters 并列成分一
3.the faint hope of independent housing 并列成分二 4.the evictions 并列成分三
5.the return to beds 并列成分四
6.(that)they do not own and have little interest in occupying 定語(yǔ)從句
參考譯文：華盛頓財(cái)務(wù)政策研究所是一家研究影響窮人的預(yù)算和稅收的機(jī)構(gòu)。它12月份早些時(shí)候的一份報(bào)告揭露，房租上漲令華盛頓的貧困居民將超過(guò)一半的收入花在住房上。這助長(zhǎng)了一種嚴(yán)酷的循環(huán)，對(duì)此懷特女士和凱利女士深有體會(huì)：收容所可停留時(shí)間縮短，自有房屋的希望渺茫，被驅(qū)逐，回到那些不屬于她們的床上，而她們也沒(méi)什么興趣占著那些床。
Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost
reductions and better coordinated service.Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because ________.[A] cost reduction is based on competition [B] services call for cross-trade coordination [C] outside competitors will continue to exist [D] shippers will have the railway by the throat 今天題目的解析：
1.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.新的超級(jí)系統(tǒng)的支持者認(rèn)為這些合并將會(huì)帶來(lái)（allow for）大幅的費(fèi)用降低和更好的協(xié)調(diào)服務(wù)
2.Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.他們認(rèn)為任何由壟斷所帶來(lái)的威脅都被來(lái)自卡車(chē)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)給消除了。
3.But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.但是很多貨主卻抱怨道對(duì)于需要長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸?shù)拇笞谏唐罚热缑禾浚瘜W(xué)品和糧食；有卡車(chē)運(yùn)輸就太貴了。這樣一來(lái)鐵路就卡住了他們的脖子。（這里是個(gè)比喻，表示這些貨主受制于鐵路行業(yè)）
According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because ________.那些支持合并的人認(rèn)為，鐵路行業(yè)的壟斷是不可能的，因?yàn)開(kāi)______.精確定位只能到第二句！第一句雖然也是支持合并的人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，但是沒(méi)有談到壟斷啊！所以 [A] cost reduction is based on competition（費(fèi)用的降低是基于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的）
[B] services call for cross-trade coordination（服務(wù)需要跨行業(yè)的協(xié)調(diào)）A和B我真的不會(huì)選！
對(duì)D選項(xiàng)我更是要呵呵了！
[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat（貨主將會(huì)卡住鐵路的脖子）
且不說(shuō)誰(shuí)卡誰(shuí)的脖子，定位就錯(cuò)了啊！問(wèn)的是支持者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，第三句是貨主的觀(guān)點(diǎn)！我肯定不會(huì)選！
但是我也知道大家在考場(chǎng)上還做不到第一步就能排除ABD，那我就只希望你們?cè)谧詈筮x擇的時(shí)候問(wèn)一問(wèn)自己：我有沒(méi)有精確定位！我有沒(méi)有尊重題干！[C] outside competitors will continue to exist 直接對(duì)應(yīng)第二句：competition from trucks= outside competitors 這里就可以積累這樣兩個(gè)句子：
A句：Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.B句：According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because outside competitors will continue to
exist
The second half of the 20thcentury saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionarieslabour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio,the mail as well as the mail carrier.Not only did they develop such a devicebut by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique.The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also act with caution.This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading anduploading— between passive consumption and active creation — whose outcome willshape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.I call it a secret war for tworeasons.First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode.Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload.Beavers build dams and birds make nests.Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading.Humans are unique intheir capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods — paintings, sculpture and architecture — and superfluous experiences — music, literature, religion and philosophy.Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture andultimately what it is to be human.Downloading and consuming culture requiresgreat skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of adefining constituent of humanity.For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode.Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains,with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remain ingcontent to just consume.One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium — television — and television is defined bydownloading.Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes.The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.The networked computer offers thefirst chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.What counts as meaningfuluploading? My definition revolves around the concept of “stickiness”—creations and experiences to which others adhere.Applications like tumblr.com, whichallow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have
the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.1.According to the second paragraph, which of the following is true? [A]The networked computer overturned the traditional culture.[B]The online services wage a war against the creation.[C]The conflict between downloading and uploading makes the computer the culture machine.[D]The online shopping should be categorized as the mode of downloading.2.Bysaying “All animals download, but only a few upload.”, the author indicatesthat_______.[A]computer skills can be acquired by certain animals [B]it is difficult for animals to build homes [C]animals are different from humans in using digital means [D]the innovative activities set boundaries between humans and other species
3.The word “pyramid” mentioned in paragraph 5 means_______.[A]a marvelous human construction [B]the widespread access to the internet [C]the scarcity of creative minds [D]the prevalence of innovative thoughts
4.The author’s attitude towards networked computer is _______.[A]sympathy [B]objectiveness
[C]objection
[D]bias
5.Toassure the meaningful uploading, one must_______.[A]increase the entertainment value [B]take advantage of the media [C]combine useful materials [D]focus on the quality that interests people
特朗普對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化態(tài)度冷淡（從他讓美國(guó)高調(diào)退出巴黎協(xié)定就可見(jiàn)一斑），這將對(duì)整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)和全球環(huán)境治理產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。可政治決策固然重要，但清潔能源領(lǐng)域科學(xué)進(jìn)步的速度、大宗商品市場(chǎng)的起伏、個(gè)人及企業(yè)的投資決策都是影響應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化成效的關(guān)鍵因素。目前談到氣候變化政策時(shí)，關(guān)鍵的矛盾不在于環(huán)保的意愿，而在于由誰(shuí)來(lái)埋單才不會(huì)顯失公平。比如出于技術(shù)的限制，清潔能源的使用會(huì)導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)能源從業(yè)人員大批失業(yè)和電價(jià)大幅上升，受影響最大的將是對(duì)日常生活支出價(jià)格敏感的普通民眾，所以很多人非常支持特朗普的政策，因?yàn)閷?duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)，養(yǎng)家糊口高于一切。今天的句子：
In pessimistic forecasts of the impact of climate change, the cost to adapt to a warming planet will eventually be huge, potentially including vast expenditures to try to protect cities from rising seas, adjusting agriculture to new climate patterns, and countless other changes to business and the economy.詞匯突破：
1.pessimistic 悲觀(guān)的 2.eventually 終于 4.expenditure 支出 6.pattern 模式
7.countless 數(shù)不清的 識(shí)別主干：
The cost?will eventually be huge.句子切分：
1.In pessimistic forecasts of the impact of climate change狀語(yǔ) 2.to adapt to a warming planet不定式作后置定語(yǔ)
3.potentially including?現(xiàn)在分詞，也可以把including理解成一個(gè)介詞，因?yàn)殡m然include本身是個(gè)動(dòng)詞，但including這個(gè)形式在長(zhǎng)期的使用中，語(yǔ)法功能漸漸變得和介詞一樣 4.vast expenditures to try to protect cities from rising seas并列賓語(yǔ)一 5.adjusting agriculture to new climate patterns并列賓語(yǔ)二
6.and countless other changes to business and the economy并列賓語(yǔ)三
參考譯文：在那些對(duì)氣候變化影響的悲觀(guān)預(yù)測(cè)中，適應(yīng)一個(gè)變暖的星球最終將成本巨大，可能包括因海平面持續(xù)上升所需的龐大的城市保護(hù)開(kāi)支、調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)適應(yīng)新的氣候模式、以及數(shù)不清的其它商業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)改變。
明天的句子：
At rallies and in town hall meetings, and in a collection of blue state legislatures, liberal Democrats have pressed lawmakers, with growing impatience, to support the creation of a single-payer system, in which the state or federal government would supplant private health insurance with a program of public coverage.36 美國(guó)醫(yī)保體制由兩大部分組成，一是政府主導(dǎo)的聯(lián)邦醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃（Medicare）、聯(lián)邦醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助計(jì)劃（Medicaid）、兒童健康保險(xiǎn)（CHIP）和退伍軍人醫(yī)保體制（VA）等，在奧巴馬醫(yī)改實(shí)施后的2014年總共覆蓋了38%的美國(guó)人口；另一個(gè)是商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)，覆蓋了53%的美國(guó)人口。平價(jià)醫(yī)療法案自出臺(tái)以來(lái)就爭(zhēng)議不斷，甚至在民主黨內(nèi)部一些自由派人士都認(rèn)為它成效有限，傾向于采取單一形式的由政府埋單的醫(yī)保制度。由民主黨控制的加州參議院通過(guò)初步計(jì)劃，以進(jìn)行單一支付制醫(yī)保系統(tǒng)的立法。這是自2006年和2008年前州長(zhǎng)施瓦辛格否決相關(guān)醫(yī)保法案后民主黨的首次鄭重嘗試。
今天的句子：At rallies and in town hall meetings, and in a collection of blue state legislatures, liberal Democrats have pressed lawmakers, with growing impatience, to support the creation of a single-payer system, in which the state or federal government would supplant private health insurance with a program of public coverage.詞匯突破：
rally 集會(huì)town hall meeting 市民大會(huì)legislature 立法機(jī)構(gòu)
with growing impatience 日益急切supplant 取代coverage 保險(xiǎn)范圍
識(shí)別主干：
liberal Democrats have pressed lawmakers? 句子切分：
1.At rallies and in town hall meetings, and in a collection of blue state legislatures 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 2.with growing impatience介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)
3.to support the creation of a single-payer system不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
4.in which the state or federal government would supplant private health insurance with a program of public coverage 定語(yǔ)從句
參考譯文：自由派民主黨人士在集會(huì)和市民大會(huì)上、以及一系列藍(lán)州的立法機(jī)構(gòu)中，日益急切地向立法者施壓，支持建立由州政府或聯(lián)邦政府以公眾保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃取代商業(yè)醫(yī)保的單一支付系統(tǒng)。
今天的題目：Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December.The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.51.The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ________.[A] global inflation [B] reduction in supply [C] fast growth in economy [D] Iraq’s suspension of exports 解析：
在這里我給大家提示一下：latest=recently 最近；就是一個(gè)時(shí)間概念，沒(méi)有比較的含義！所以latest 壓根就不是一個(gè)提示詞！
題干 ： “最近，油價(jià)上升了，主要原因是什么！” 不是問(wèn)：“最近的原因的是什么！”
你見(jiàn)過(guò)“最近的原因”和“最遠(yuǎn)的原因”嗎？有這樣說(shuō)話(huà)的嗎？ 出題人就是在給你設(shè)一個(gè)坑，等你去選D！
D選項(xiàng)和B 選項(xiàng)一比，那個(gè)更主要嘛！肯定是“減少供給”是主要原因嘛！B選項(xiàng)的減少供給說(shuō)的很模糊，沒(méi)說(shuō)是誰(shuí)減少的！這樣剛好可以替換第一句的
OPEC減少供給！OPEC是全球的石油輸出國(guó)國(guó)家組織！比伊拉克不知道大了多少倍！B為正確選項(xiàng)！你選對(duì)了嗎！D選項(xiàng)的伊拉克肯定不可能是主要原因！在文章沒(méi)有提供更多的信息的情況下，基本的常識(shí)就是答案依據(jù)了哦！
疲于奔命的都市職員們對(duì)城市公共交通的抱怨與日俱增、不絕于耳。令人無(wú)法忍受的延誤、擁擠和嘈雜使得紐約州州長(zhǎng)說(shuō)，這幾個(gè)月是通勤人的“地獄之夏”。聯(lián)邦交通委員會(huì)表示，全美的大眾交通系統(tǒng)都欠“修理”已久，估計(jì)需要到少900億美元的費(fèi)用。哥倫比亞商學(xué)院的研究者認(rèn)為，雖然外界條件無(wú)法迅速改變，仍有一些方法來(lái)改變通勤人的心理狀態(tài)，減少疲勞、焦慮和壓力。比如說(shuō)做一件能令人專(zhuān)注的事，像學(xué)一門(mén)新的語(yǔ)言（我覺(jué)得坐地鐵的時(shí)候做背單詞這種平時(shí)覺(jué)得枯燥的事最能讓人心靜和放松）。警覺(jué)訓(xùn)練也是如此，通過(guò)集中過(guò)于散漫的思維，人們能夠以更友善的態(tài)度面對(duì)不佳的環(huán)境，不會(huì)對(duì)陌生人無(wú)意撞了你這種常事而過(guò)于憤怒，透支本已心力交瘁的認(rèn)知資源。
今天的句子：Mindfulness training, which includes stoppping your mind from wandering and directing your attention to what's happening in the moment, can build resilience and help people get through periods of heavy stress with their cognitive resources intact, according to a 2016 study.詞匯突破：
1.mindfulness 留心，警覺(jué)2.wander徘徊，閑逛3.resilience 彈性；恢復(fù)力 4.cognitive 認(rèn)知的5.intact 完好無(wú)損的識(shí)別主干：
Mindfulness training can build resilience and help people get through periods of heavy stress.句子切分：
1.which includes stoppping your mind from wandering and directing your attention to what's happening in the moment 定語(yǔ)從句
2.with their cognitive resources intact 介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ) 3.according to a 2016 study 插入語(yǔ)
參考譯文：2016年的一份研究顯示，警覺(jué)訓(xùn)練——即停止思維散漫并集中注意力于當(dāng)下正在發(fā)生的事——有助于建立韌性，幫人們度過(guò)壓力極大的時(shí)期，并完全無(wú)損于認(rèn)知資源。文章來(lái)源：
The Boston Globe 2017-06-13 當(dāng)亞歷山大?貝爾在波士頓向他的助手托馬斯?華生打出世界上第一次電話(huà)時(shí)，這位偉大的蘇格蘭發(fā)明家可能沒(méi)有預(yù)料到電話(huà)銷(xiāo)售會(huì)像瘟疫一樣蔓延，因?yàn)樗皇钦也坏饺烁苫疃坏貌荒闷痣娫?huà)咆哮（很多跨越時(shí)代的改變最初發(fā)生時(shí)都是如此平淡世俗）。到2016年，平均每個(gè)月都會(huì)有約24億次預(yù)錄電話(huà)撥出。而且如果一家叫做“關(guān)于信息的一切”的公司的請(qǐng)求獲得法庭支持，情況將更加糟糕，因?yàn)樗麄兊募夹g(shù)可令銷(xiāo)售電話(huà)無(wú)需等待響鈴就直接進(jìn)入人們的留言信箱，大大減少了時(shí)間和成本。如果這種技術(shù)被豁免于《1991年電話(huà)消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法案》的話(huà)，將大行其道，堵滿(mǎn)你的固話(huà)留言箱，用完你的套餐數(shù)據(jù)流量。今天的句子：
The technology, developed by Stratics Networks, allows messages to be delivered directly to voice mail without ringing through--a practice that will inevitably clog up landline inboxes and gobble up expensive cellphone data.The company argued in a recent petition to the Federal Communications Commission that ringless voice mails don't amount to actual phone calls and thus should be exempt from the venerable Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991.what can we infer from the text ?(A)The new technology of Stratics Networks creates the ringless phone call.(B)The company argues the voice mails are more like landline inboxes.(C)The Federal commission may abandon the Protection Act of 1991.38(D)The ringless voice mails may violate the Protection Act of 1991.詞匯突破： 1.deliver 傳遞
2.voice mail留言信箱 3.inevitable 無(wú)可避免的 4.clog up 堵塞
5.landline 固定電話(huà)
6.gobble up 狼吞虎咽；風(fēng)卷殘?jiān)?7.petition 請(qǐng)求 8.exempt 豁免
9.venerable 受人尊敬的 句子一: 確定主干：
The technology allows messages to be delivered directly to voice mail without ringing through.切分成分：
1.a practice that?同位語(yǔ)
2.That will inevitably clog up landline inboxes and gobble up expensive cellphone data定語(yǔ)從句 句子二： 確定主干：
The company argued that? 切分成分：
1.in a recent petition to the Federal Communications Commission 狀語(yǔ)
2.that ringless voice mails don't amount to actual phone calls and thus should be exempt from the venerable Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 同位語(yǔ)從句
參考譯文：Stratics網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展的這種技術(shù)可直接發(fā)送消息至留言信箱，無(wú)需等鈴聲響完——這種做法無(wú)疑會(huì)堵塞固話(huà)留言箱、鯨吞昂貴的移動(dòng)電話(huà)數(shù)據(jù)流量。這家公司最近在致聯(lián)邦通信委員會(huì)的請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?shū)中辯稱(chēng)，無(wú)響鈴的語(yǔ)音留言不能算真正的通話(huà)，所以應(yīng)豁免于可敬的《1991年電話(huà)消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法案》。
昨天的題目答案選D The technology, developed by Stratics Networks, allows messages to be delivered directly to voice mail without ringing through--a practice that will inevitably clog up landline inboxes and gobble up expensive cellphone data.The company argued in a recent petition to the Federal Communications Commission that ringless voice mails don't amount to actual phone calls and thus should be exempt from the venerable Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991.what can we infer from the text ?(A)The new technology of Stratics Networks creates the ringless phone call.這家公司沒(méi)有創(chuàng)造不響鈴電話(huà)；他們研發(fā)的是不響鈴的短信；所以是偷換(B)The company argues the voice mails are more like landline inboxes.聲音郵件也不是更像landline inboxes；文章壓根沒(méi)說(shuō)像什么，我就把這兩個(gè)詞拼湊在一起了。(C)The Federal commission may abandon the Protection Act of 1991.文章中沒(méi)有任何依據(jù)，即使加了may也不對(duì)；
(D)The ringless voice mails may violate the Protection Act of 1991.這也是今年6月份的一個(gè)句子：
美國(guó)眾議院議長(zhǎng)Paul Ryan在一次制造業(yè)會(huì)議上表示，非常有信心共和黨人能夠一次性地糾正這個(gè)國(guó)家的稅收制度，雖然前方阻礙重重。但他的講話(huà)僅僅止步于這些美好而籠統(tǒng)的前瞻上，并未提及具體的細(xì)節(jié)和國(guó)會(huì)議員與本屆政府之間的磋商。稅收制度改革是共和黨必然要進(jìn)行的政治舉措，因?yàn)樗窃擖h派的核心綱領(lǐng)和關(guān)鍵的大選承諾。然而稅收計(jì)劃的順利推行取決于共和黨人能否部分推翻奧巴馬醫(yī)改，如果成功那將為稅收改革掃清障礙，減少巨額的稅負(fù)，這樣稅收改革就無(wú)需花大力氣重復(fù)處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
今天的句子：Tax policy would gain momentum/ if Republicans can pass a health law that repeals parts of former President Barack Obama's Affordable Care Act and cuts hundreds of billions of dollars in taxes that wouldn't have to be addressed as part of a tax plan.詞匯突破：
1.momentum勢(shì)頭2.repeal廢除3.affordable可負(fù)擔(dān)的 4.address處理；解決5.tax plan 稅收計(jì)劃 確定主干：
Tax policy would gain momentum.切分成分：
1.if Republicans can pass a health law?條件狀語(yǔ)從句
2.that repeals parts of former President Barack Obama's Affordable Care Act定語(yǔ)從句，修飾health law 3.and(that)cuts hundreds of billions of dollars in taxes定語(yǔ)從句，修飾health law 4.that wouldn't have to be addressed as part of a tax plan定語(yǔ)從句，That = hundreds of billions of dollars in taxes
參考譯文：若共和黨人能夠通過(guò)新的衛(wèi)生法，部分廢除前總統(tǒng)奧巴馬的平價(jià)醫(yī)療法案，并減少數(shù)以千億計(jì)的稅負(fù)（稅收計(jì)劃就無(wú)需處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題），稅收政策將獲得（新的）勢(shì)頭。（拾起勢(shì)頭。）
民用無(wú)人機(jī)進(jìn)入大多數(shù)國(guó)人視野，大概還是始于搶了汪峰頭條那件事。老百姓們第一次意識(shí)到原來(lái)民用無(wú)人機(jī)技術(shù)已經(jīng)如此精確而成熟，可以定制服務(wù)于人生最庸常不過(guò)的一件事——求偶上。要知道以前一談到無(wú)人機(jī)，就是美國(guó)炸了哪里。以亞馬遜和IBM為首的技術(shù)巨頭已經(jīng)在無(wú)人機(jī)配送方面申請(qǐng)了若干專(zhuān)利，花費(fèi)巨資研究了倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)管理和物流運(yùn)輸?shù)臒o(wú)人機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用。而包括臉書(shū)在內(nèi)的其它硅谷公司則認(rèn)為把無(wú)人機(jī)等同于送快遞是非常低水平的應(yīng)用，無(wú)人機(jī)不應(yīng)該只限于送送戒指或?yàn)⑥r(nóng)藥。相反臉書(shū)對(duì)無(wú)人機(jī)的研究方向在發(fā)展通訊上，通過(guò)無(wú)人機(jī)來(lái)中繼衛(wèi)星信號(hào)，高效低成本地向無(wú)法通過(guò)傳統(tǒng)電纜獲得因特網(wǎng)接入的地區(qū)提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)信號(hào)。當(dāng)然，商業(yè)無(wú)人機(jī)的未來(lái)發(fā)展將面對(duì)的障礙不僅來(lái)自技術(shù)方面，法律和監(jiān)管是否能夠迅速跟進(jìn)，確保其能在保護(hù)安全和秩序的前提下良性發(fā)展，也是非常關(guān)鍵的。今天的句子：
Deliveries are just one of the proposed uses of drones that seem speculative or impractical now but may become significant in future.Facebook, like Google and Amazon, is also investing in drones, but not for delivery: instead its drone, called Aquila, is a huge solar-powered machine intended as a communications relay, to extend internet access to parts of the world that lack connectivity.詞匯突破：
delivery遞送propose 建議drone 無(wú)人機(jī)speculative 投機(jī)的；推測(cè)的 impractical 不切實(shí)際的relay 轉(zhuǎn)播；中繼connectivity 連通性 第一句 確定主干：
Deliveries are just one of the proposed uses of drones? 切分成分：
that seem speculative or impractical now?定語(yǔ)從句 but(that)may become significant in future定語(yǔ)從句 第二句： 確定主干：
Facebook is also investing in drones instead its drone is a huge solar-powered machine 切分成分：
Like Google and Amazon同位語(yǔ) But not for delivery插入語(yǔ)
called Aquila 后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于which was called Aquila as a communications relay 狀語(yǔ)
to extend internet access to parts of the world不定式作后置定語(yǔ) that lack connectivity定語(yǔ)從句 參考譯文：配送只是無(wú)人機(jī)的眾多建議用途之—。這些用途現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)純屬推測(cè)或不切實(shí)際，但將來(lái)也許會(huì)非常重要。臉書(shū)和谷歌及亞馬遜一樣正在投資無(wú)人機(jī)，但不是為了送貨，相反臉書(shū)的無(wú)人機(jī)Aquila是一個(gè)由太陽(yáng)能驅(qū)動(dòng)的大型機(jī)器，旨在中繼通訊，將互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入世界上那些缺乏網(wǎng)路連通的地區(qū)。
明天的句子：“There is no experimental evidence to support the idea that people get asthma or exacerbated asthma from exposure to fragrances,” says Wolkoff, who suspects psychology is at work instead.A big problem with experiments that expose people to fragrances is that blinding is virtually impossible: the subject knows they are smelling a scent and this may affect their response.41 今天來(lái)談?wù)勏愕膲奶帯＿@里的香不是“春風(fēng)花草香”里的植物之香，亦不是“賭書(shū)消得潑茶香”中的雅香，更不是屈夫子詩(shī)句里滿(mǎn)滿(mǎn)的中藥香，而是現(xiàn)代商業(yè)帶來(lái)的各種含香消費(fèi)品。香料的流行始于古埃及的貴族，他們非常喜歡麝香和其他來(lái)自珍稀動(dòng)植物的昂貴且難求的原料。19世紀(jì)晚期開(kāi)始，人們開(kāi)始利用現(xiàn)代化工技術(shù)合成多樣且低成本的合成香料，從蠟燭到洗發(fā)水，甚至是廚房和廁所都慢慢散發(fā)出檸檬和松香的味道，人類(lèi)從來(lái)沒(méi)有暴露在如此多的人工芳香化學(xué)物之中。問(wèn)題在于沒(méi)有人知道這些含香產(chǎn)品是否安全，甚至很難知道它們的成分，在大多數(shù)國(guó)家廠(chǎng)家香料成分無(wú)需聲明。越來(lái)越多的人表示無(wú)孔不入的人工香味已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重地影響了他們的健康，然而矛盾在于嗅覺(jué)是無(wú)法進(jìn)行盲法實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)比，因此很難排除心理因素。
今天的句子：
“There is no experimental evidence to support the idea that people get asthma or exacerbated asthma from exposure to fragrances,” says Wolkoff, who suspects psychology is at work instead.A big problem with experiments that expose people to fragrances is that blinding is virtually impossible: the subject knows they are smelling a scent and this may affect their response.詞匯突破： asthma 哮喘 exacerbate 加重 experiment 實(shí)驗(yàn) expose 暴露；置身 fragrance 芳香 scent 氣味 response 反應(yīng)
第一句： 確定主干： ?says Wolkoff 切分成分：
There is no experimental evidence to support the idea 直接引語(yǔ)的主干
that people get asthma or exacerbated asthma from exposure to fragrances同位語(yǔ)從句 who suspects psychology is at work instead定語(yǔ)從句 第二句： 確定主干：
A big problem with experiments is that?
the subject knows they are smelling a scent and this may affect their response 切分成分：
that expose people to fragrances定語(yǔ)從句 that blinding is virtually impossible賓語(yǔ)從句 參考譯文：
Wolkoff說(shuō)，“沒(méi)有實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)支持暴露于香氣中會(huì)讓人得哮喘或加重哮喘這一觀(guān)點(diǎn)”，相反他懷疑起作用的是心理。芳香實(shí)驗(yàn)的一大問(wèn)題在于，對(duì)于置身其中的人來(lái)說(shuō)，盲法幾乎是不可能的：實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象知道他們正在聞一種氣味，這會(huì)影響他們的反應(yīng)。
今天的句子：
莎士比亞曾經(jīng)在威尼斯商人中寫(xiě)道：“慈悲不是出于勉強(qiáng)，它像甘霖一樣從天而降，既賜福于施與者，又賜福于受施者”（The quality of mercy is not strained, it droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven upon the place beneath.It is twice blessed.It blessth him that gives and him that takes）。今天選的這篇文章標(biāo)題即化用了這句經(jīng)典，但恰恰是以相反的口吻——“勉強(qiáng)的慈悲”。如出此言？因?yàn)槊绹?guó)農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)嚴(yán)重的老齡化和極高的老年癡呆病發(fā)率令許多家庭苦不堪言，到了“對(duì)上帝感到憤怒”（get angry with God）的地步（天地不仁，以萬(wàn)物為芻狗）。美國(guó)正以前所未有的速度老齡化，加上年輕人口大規(guī)模涌向大城市，農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)的人口構(gòu)成越來(lái)越向65歲以上人群傾斜。而這個(gè)年齡段的美國(guó)人，每10位就有1位患有不同程度的老年癡呆，這對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)造成了巨大的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。
The migration of young adults fleeing farming communities coupled with the movement of retirees to pastoral settings is tipping rural demographics toward people age 65 and older.A recent report by the U.S.Department of Agriculture predicts a significant swelling of the retirement-age population in rural America,where the death rate is 14 percent higher in the nation’s least populated counties than in the most populated ones.詞匯突破： 2.flee逃離
3.coupled with 加上；與??結(jié)合=and 4.pastoral田園的；鄉(xiāng)村的
5.demographics人口統(tǒng)計(jì)；人口特征 7.swelling增長(zhǎng)；膨脹 第一句： 確定主干：
The migration coupled with the movement is tipping rural demographics toward people age 65 and older.(coupled with 連接的主語(yǔ)，后面的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。)切分成分：
1.fleeing farming communities 后置定語(yǔ) 2.of retirees to pastoral settings 后置定語(yǔ) 第二句： 確定主干：
A recent report predicts a significant swelling of the retirement-age population.切分成分：
1.by the U.S.Department of Agriculture 后置定語(yǔ) 2.in rural America, 狀語(yǔ)
3.where the death rate is 14 percent higher in the nation’s least populated counties than in the most populated ones.定語(yǔ)從句
參考譯文：年青人逃離農(nóng)業(yè)社區(qū)的大遷移，加上退休人員向田園美景的回歸，農(nóng)業(yè)人口的構(gòu)成正在向65歲以上傾斜。美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部近期的一份報(bào)告預(yù)測(cè)，農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)退休年齡以上的人口將大幅增長(zhǎng)，且人口最稀少的郡縣死亡率將比最密集的高14倍。
也許要了解英國(guó)的政府治理，金斯林這個(gè)城市邊緣鎮(zhèn)并不是明顯的選擇。它處于“半陰影區(qū)”，經(jīng)濟(jì)方面幾乎乏尚可陳，既不像劍橋那樣發(fā)達(dá)，可以吸引大數(shù)目的投資，也不像更東邊的市鎮(zhèn)那樣偏遠(yuǎn)得毫無(wú)希望。為了振興經(jīng)濟(jì)，讓小鎮(zhèn)重回14世紀(jì)商貿(mào)要塞的風(fēng)光，當(dāng)?shù)匾恍┱稳耸刻嶙h與周邊的市鎮(zhèn)聯(lián)合組成特殊的行政區(qū)，推選出一名共同市長(zhǎng)，以此來(lái)交換一定的財(cái)政支持。此計(jì)劃響應(yīng)了2015年喬治?奧斯本提出的“放權(quán)革命”，即通過(guò)地方級(jí)別的聯(lián)合決策來(lái)促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。但因有人擔(dān)心聯(lián)合的區(qū)域過(guò)大會(huì)導(dǎo)致尾大不掉、無(wú)疾而終，新一屆政府也不熱衷于放權(quán)，所以許多計(jì)劃最后都被投票否決。也就是標(biāo)題所說(shuō)的“空途末路”（Reaching a dead end）。
Yet in November the council voted to reject a plan for the 16 boroughs of Norfolk and Suffolk to join up in a “combined authority”, and accept a mayor for the region, known as East Anglia, in exchange for a slice of ￡25m funding a year for 30 years to support economic growth and the development of local infrastructure, as well as ￡130m for housing.詞匯突破
1.Boroughs 自治城市4.combined authority 6.East Anglia 東英格蘭（拉丁語(yǔ)）主干識(shí)別：
the council voted to reject a plan 切分成分: 1.for the 16 boroughs of Norfolk and Suffolk to join up in a “combined authority”, and accept a mayor for the region, known as East Anglia(plan的定語(yǔ))諾福克和薩福克的16個(gè)區(qū)鎮(zhèn)組成“聯(lián)合當(dāng)局”并且，此區(qū)域（被稱(chēng)為東英格蘭）將接受一位市長(zhǎng)
2.in exchange for a slice of ￡25m funding a year for 30 years to support economic growth and the development of local infrastructure, as well as ￡130m for housing.狀語(yǔ)
以交換30年每年2500萬(wàn)英鎊撥款的一部分（用來(lái)支持經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和當(dāng)?shù)鼗A(chǔ)建設(shè)發(fā)展）以及1.3億英鎊住房津貼的一部分。
參考譯文：但是11月委員會(huì)投票否決了諾福克和薩福克的16個(gè)區(qū)鎮(zhèn)組成“聯(lián)合當(dāng)局”的計(jì)劃。該計(jì)劃下此區(qū)域（被稱(chēng)為東英格蘭）將接受一位市長(zhǎng)，以交換未來(lái)30年每年2500萬(wàn)英鎊的撥款（用來(lái)支持經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和當(dāng)?shù)鼗A(chǔ)建設(shè)發(fā)展）的一部分以及1.3億英鎊住房津貼的一部分。
In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance.Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed.“Knowledge is power” may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.62.We can learn from the last paragraph that ________.[A] it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possible
[B] people should make the best use of the information accessible
[C] we should realize the importance of accumulating information
[D] it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently 原文翻譯：在這個(gè)多變而又復(fù)雜的世界里，對(duì)信息的要求最為重要。那些擁有準(zhǔn)確、可信、最新信息并用來(lái)解決日常問(wèn)題、工作中的重要問(wèn)題以及社會(huì)和家庭問(wèn)題的人就能生存下去并取得成功。“知識(shí)就是力量”是再正確不過(guò)了，獲取信息也許是所有人最迫切的要求。
（這段話(huà)推薦大家背下來(lái)，可以用到寫(xiě)作中，寫(xiě)現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展。）
題型識(shí)別：推理題（記住推理題本質(zhì)就是細(xì)節(jié)題，只是需要用選項(xiàng)的定位詞定位而已；）題干定位：最后一段
思路解析：記住推理題本質(zhì)就是細(xì)節(jié)題，只是需要用選項(xiàng)的定位詞定位而已；
四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別和原文比對(duì)。
選項(xiàng)分析：[A] it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possible
文中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是擁有準(zhǔn)確可靠及時(shí)的信息，而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)信息的數(shù)量；排除
[C] we should realize the importance of accumulating information 文中強(qiáng)調(diào)了信息的及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確而不是僅僅的積累信息，選項(xiàng)過(guò)于片面；排除
（再說(shuō)一句，如果沒(méi)有D，你選C也是可以的，但是有了D，D就是最佳答
案！）
[B] people should make the best use of the information accessible
人們應(yīng)該最好的利用可獲得的信息；
文中強(qiáng)調(diào)的去獲取信息，而不是利用信息；偷換概念
[D] it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently
這個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的：needed替換第一句
Effciently替換第二句 為正確選項(xiàng)。
同學(xué)們可以好好的體會(huì)一下，出題人真的是下了一番功夫的！這就是我要求大家只做真題的原因，你得習(xí)慣出題人的說(shuō)話(huà)方式！
今天的題目： A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them.To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American.There are, of course, exceptions.Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US.Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.55.In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ________.[A] rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US[B] small-minded officials deserve a serious comment [C] Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors[D] most Americans are ready to offer help 幾年前看了部日本電影《那年夏天寧?kù)o的海》，情節(jié)我倒是影響不深刻，但是名字一直記得，好聽(tīng)。今天來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)愛(ài)爾蘭的那片沙灘吧。愛(ài)爾蘭沿岸最大的島嶼阿基爾島Dooagh村出現(xiàn)了一件奇怪的事。早在三十年前就因暴風(fēng)雨被沖走的海灘（washed away by storms）復(fù)活節(jié)期間竟然在一次潮汐后重新出現(xiàn)。成百?lài)嵉纳匙与S著海浪（transport sand in）留在了本已全是石頭和石坑的區(qū)域，再現(xiàn)了1984年前的黃金海灘盛景。居民對(duì)此十分高興（delighted to have the beach back），因?yàn)楹┛梢詭?lái)更多的游客，提升當(dāng)?shù)氐拿裆＿@座小島地處偏僻，目前依靠名人故居和作家勝地發(fā)展旅游業(yè)（1972年獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的海因里希?伯爾曾在該島居住過(guò)）。
今天的句子：But after a freak tide around Easter this year, hundreds of tonnes of sand were deposited around the area where the beach once stood, recreating the old 300-metre stretch of golden sand.詞匯突破：1.Freak 奇怪的2.Easter 復(fù)活節(jié)3.Deposit 沉積4.Recreate 重新創(chuàng)造5.Stretch 一片地域或水域
確定主干：hundreds of tonnes of sand were deposited around the area 切分成分+獨(dú)立成句：
1.after a freak tide around Easter this year 狀語(yǔ) 2.where the beach once stood
3.recreating the old 300-metre stretch of golden sand.=This recreates the old 300-metre stretch of golden sand.（This 指代對(duì)象是前面的整個(gè)句子。）參考譯文：但今年復(fù)活節(jié)期間一次奇怪的潮汐之后，成百?lài)嵉纳匙颖怀练e在原來(lái)海灘所處的區(qū)域，再現(xiàn)了昔日長(zhǎng)達(dá)300米的黃金海灘。
昨天的解析：
A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them.To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American.There are, of course, exceptions.Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US.Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.去美國(guó)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)的人經(jīng)常帶回報(bào)告說(shuō)，大多數(shù)美國(guó)人對(duì)他們友善、好客、樂(lè)于助人。公正的說(shuō)，人們對(duì)加拿大人也有這樣的評(píng)論，因而，應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)為這是北美普遍的現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)然也有例外。在美國(guó)，心胸狹隘的官員，舉止粗魯?shù)恼写秃翢o(wú)禮貌的出租車(chē)司機(jī)也并非罕見(jiàn)。盡管有不如意的地方，但因?yàn)槿藗兂３５贸雒绹?guó)人好客的觀(guān)察意見(jiàn)，因而也就值得議論一番了。
55.In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ________.[A] rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US
[B] small-minded officials deserve a serious comment
[C] Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors
[D] most Americans are ready to offer help 題型識(shí)別：細(xì)節(jié)題；
題干定位：根據(jù)visitors from the outside world可以定位到第一句；（定位錯(cuò)誤
的同學(xué)，自己去面壁！）
思路解析：常規(guī)的細(xì)節(jié)題解題思路，返回原文找到包含題干定位詞的句子，這
個(gè)句子就是線(xiàn)索句！（有資格和選項(xiàng)發(fā)生關(guān)系的句子。）選項(xiàng)分析：[A] rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US
Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are
hardly unknown in the US.和原文表述矛盾，可以排除；
[B] small-minded officials deserve a serious comment
文中沒(méi)有提及
[C] Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors
this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians
和文中此句矛盾可以排除
[D] most Americans are ready to offer help
第一句的同意替換，入選！
這是一道特別典型的細(xì)節(jié)題：）今天的句子：
如今傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)幾乎無(wú)法吸引大眾的目光，能帶來(lái)轟動(dòng)效應(yīng)的總是快速增長(zhǎng)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)，例如亞馬遜。但今年國(guó)際紙業(yè)公司上漲的現(xiàn)金流和穩(wěn)定攀升的分紅，讓投資者不得不關(guān)注這家生產(chǎn)包裝材料和紙類(lèi)產(chǎn)品的傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)。這家公司的年終股息在過(guò)去5年內(nèi)平均增長(zhǎng)12%，股票收益率高達(dá)3.5。國(guó)際紙業(yè)是全球最大的硬紙板和瓦楞包裝生產(chǎn)商，北美每3個(gè)紙箱就有一個(gè)來(lái)自國(guó)際紙業(yè)。值得注意的整個(gè)造紙行業(yè)市場(chǎng)容量并沒(méi)有顯著的增長(zhǎng)，反而有許多中小型企業(yè)在之前以低價(jià)換銷(xiāo)量的惡性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中敗下陣來(lái)。這使得國(guó)際紙業(yè)和另外四家主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者可以控制70%的市場(chǎng)份額，更合理地制定價(jià)格、保證利潤(rùn)。同時(shí)電商平臺(tái)的蓬勃發(fā)展也給了紙業(yè)巨頭一些機(jī)遇，瘋狂的節(jié)日網(wǎng)購(gòu)緩解了第四季度例來(lái)的冷清，令現(xiàn)金流在整個(gè)商業(yè)周期都十分充裕。
E-commerce is also a contributor to rising demand, as supermarkets and other retail sectors increasingly embrace the trend, says Will Mies, editorial director of RISI, a research firm that tracks forest products.And while none of the three big box makers release numbers on sales related to e-commerce, IP estimates its shipments to Amazon and its ilk are growing at a double-digit pace.詞匯突破：
1.contributor促成者（因素）2.embrace擁抱 3.track追蹤 4.release公布 5.estimate估測(cè)
6.shipment裝貨；裝載的貨物 7.ilk親屬；一類(lèi)
第一句話(huà) 確定主干：
E-commerce is also a contributor to rising demand, says Will Mies.切分成分：
1.as supermarkets and other retail sectors increasingly embrace the trend 伴隨狀語(yǔ)從句
2.editorial director of RISI 同位語(yǔ) 3.a research firm 同位語(yǔ)
4.that tracks forest products 定語(yǔ)從句
第二句話(huà) 確定主干：
And IP estimates(that)? 切分成分：
1.while none of the three big box makers release numbers on sales related to e-commerce 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
2.that its shipments to Amazon and its ilk are growing at a double-digit pace 賓語(yǔ)從句
參考譯文：銳思林（一家關(guān)注林業(yè)制品動(dòng)向的研究公司）的編輯總監(jiān)Will Mies說(shuō)，隨著超市和其他零售行業(yè)越來(lái)越順應(yīng)趨勢(shì)，電子商務(wù)也成為需求上漲的一個(gè)促成因素。雖然三大紙箱制造商均未發(fā)布過(guò)關(guān)于電子商務(wù)的數(shù)字，國(guó)際紙業(yè)公司估計(jì)其發(fā)給亞馬遜等電商的貨物維持著2位數(shù)的增速。
明天的句子：
However, emails released by the auditor’s office, including a new batch of emails released Friday to The Chronicle, show that Napolitano’s office went far beyond offering guidance, instead editing surveys and emailing campuses that they expected to see the final draft before surveys were sent to auditors.47
第五篇：2012考研英語(yǔ)大綱解析之作文篇(何凱文)
2012考研英語(yǔ)大綱解析之作文篇(何凱文)
http://kaoyan.wendu.com 2011年09月15日 14:26來(lái)源: 文都考研我要評(píng)論(0)
何凱文：2012考研英語(yǔ)大綱解析之作文篇
——“模”和“版”的分離，作文最后的救贖
如果在前文(2012考研英語(yǔ)大綱解析之閱讀篇)當(dāng)中，我們所談到的閱讀部分體現(xiàn)出考研考試選拔性和水平型考試的特征的話(huà)，那么在寫(xiě)作方面就是純粹的對(duì)于考生英語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力的考察了。2012考研英語(yǔ)大綱在作文部分實(shí)際很簡(jiǎn)單，就大作文而言就是：考生根據(jù)提示信息寫(xiě)出一篇160-200字的短文(標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不計(jì)算在內(nèi))。提示信息的形式有主題句，寫(xiě)作提綱，規(guī)定情景，圖，表等。考生在答題卡2上作答。總分20分。這樣的大綱其實(shí)和高考英語(yǔ)的大綱及其一致。就是考查學(xué)生的書(shū)面表達(dá)能力。
考試的寫(xiě)作都是一種control writing 和新概念作文大賽是有很大區(qū)別的，韓寒他們玩的是creative writing.既然是控制型的寫(xiě)作，其實(shí)命題人就只希望考生是否具備英語(yǔ)的書(shū)面表達(dá)能力。因此在內(nèi)容上希望看到和話(huà)題一致的文章，在形式上出題人也做到了盡量明確的限定為三段論。這樣一來(lái)，決定考生分?jǐn)?shù)高低的決定性因素就是語(yǔ)言了。不過(guò)從實(shí)際的操作來(lái)看，部分考生在內(nèi)容和形式上也會(huì)有一定的困境。下面我就以實(shí)戰(zhàn)的模和版來(lái)和大家一起實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容，形式和語(yǔ)言的提高。
第一步：仔細(xì)審題，往正確的方向說(shuō)。
最近的十年間考試的提示信息都是以圖畫(huà)的形式給出的，因此第一步就是審題即找出圖畫(huà)作者想表達(dá)的話(huà)題。這個(gè)過(guò)程考生盡量的做到：內(nèi)容趨同最保險(xiǎn)。不要在確定話(huà)題的時(shí)候企圖與眾不同，陽(yáng)光下沒(méi)有新鮮事，你能想的到的話(huà)題實(shí)際很多考生都想到了，沒(méi)有什么新意可言。所以話(huà)題最好就寫(xiě)你腦海中浮現(xiàn)的第一個(gè)話(huà)題就好了。這樣可以避免跑題。并且進(jìn)入2005年之后，每年跑題的時(shí)候很少了，因?yàn)閷忣}的過(guò)程已經(jīng)由圖畫(huà)下的漢字來(lái)完成了。“養(yǎng)老足球賽”，“網(wǎng)絡(luò)的遠(yuǎn)與近”，“文化火鍋：美味又營(yíng)養(yǎng)”。有了這些漢字的限定和求同的思想我想同學(xué)們?cè)趯忣}方面應(yīng)該沒(méi)有太大問(wèn)題了。
第二步：定闡述方向，有話(huà)可說(shuō)(模)
考研作文第一段都是要求對(duì)圖畫(huà)的描述，開(kāi)頭相對(duì)固定化，中間視圖畫(huà)而定。但是考生可以套用完全倒裝句型及主系表倒為表系主，這樣考生只需要一句話(huà)就可以把圖畫(huà)描述完畢：02年為例：找到圖中的中心人物美國(guó)姑娘主句就可以搭建起來(lái)：
In the sunshine stands a pretty American girl.接著對(duì)girl進(jìn)行描述，可以用到非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，分詞短語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)，如果這個(gè)中心事物周?chē)衅渌娜撕臀镞€可以用獨(dú)立主格。
In the sunshine stands a pretty American girl, who is in the Chinese traditional costume, wearing necklace, earrings and its like, with a broad sweat smile on her face.這樣就可以如法炮制2010的圖畫(huà)了：
In the picture above stands a hot pot, a traditional Chinese cooker , containing a lot of names of great figures from both western and eastern cultural backgrounds, such as Shakespeare , Confucius and his like ,with a line going like this : cultural hot pot-delicious and nutritious.同學(xué)們都可以仿造這樣的句型寫(xiě)出很漂亮的圖畫(huà)描述句了。
二段開(kāi)頭就應(yīng)該擺出論點(diǎn)：
我們面對(duì)的話(huà)題無(wú)非就是好的話(huà)題好壞的話(huà)題，不好不壞的話(huà)題我們也盡量的決定寫(xiě)其中的一面就可以了。這樣我們的論點(diǎn)就可以固定了。人們對(duì)于好的話(huà)題都是重視的，對(duì)于不好的話(huà)題都是忽視的。
我們就只需要積累關(guān)于：好，壞，重視，忽視的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)就可以了。這樣的積累是在我們的課程中反復(fù)談到過(guò)的。我也總結(jié)出了很經(jīng)典的表達(dá)。接下來(lái)就是整個(gè)文章最為重要的部分了，該從若干個(gè)方面來(lái)思考如何展開(kāi)這個(gè)話(huà)題了。根據(jù)多年的教學(xué)，我們已經(jīng)總結(jié)出了12個(gè)萬(wàn)能思考的角度他們分別是：物質(zhì)，時(shí)間，效率，交流，安全，方便，環(huán)境，健康，情感，性格，經(jīng)驗(yàn)，成功。所有話(huà)題都可以從這些角度中找出三到四種來(lái)展開(kāi)。這樣一來(lái)我們的任務(wù)就是去積累關(guān)于這12個(gè)話(huà)題的優(yōu)秀表達(dá)。
第三段基本就是很固定的寫(xiě)作了，好的就去弘揚(yáng)，壞的就去解決。這就是我們的寫(xiě)作模板中的“模”，這是可以固化的。
第三步：多樣化表達(dá)，語(yǔ)言是關(guān)鍵。(板)
比較下面的兩種表達(dá)：
1..As is symbolically conveyed in the vivid drawing above, the flower is so open.2.In the picture above, the flower is blooming in the green house.這兩句話(huà)那句話(huà)拿分高，考生同學(xué)應(yīng)該很清楚了。第一句就是把板給死板化了，模可以固定，但是板應(yīng)該多樣。所以在準(zhǔn)備12個(gè)話(huà)題的時(shí)候我就給同學(xué)們準(zhǔn)備了這樣的表達(dá)：比如說(shuō)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，同學(xué)們通常說(shuō)的是：waste time 但是我們可以這樣說(shuō)的：Squander hours , lavish days , and even waste years.這
樣的表達(dá)才是真的能打動(dòng)老師的，而不是僅僅靠一些陳詞濫調(diào)(cliché).健康方面我們可以背一些常見(jiàn)的疾病名字：Heart disease ,high blood pressure, diabetes ,fattiness(obesity)。物質(zhì)方面可以具體化：Delicious food, fashionable clothes, comfortable dwelling, fabulous/handsome cars.連接三個(gè)以上的名詞我們不用a,b,c and d 而用：not only A ,but also B, and such benefits(problems)as C and D.這樣我們就能寫(xiě)出這樣的好句子了：體育鍛煉能防治心臟病，高血壓，糖尿病和肥胖癥。
Physical exercise can safeguard not only Heart disease ,but also high blood pressure and such problems as diabetes and fattiness(obesity).各位考生朋友，這就是模板的真諦，模是模，板是板。這就是為什么我的學(xué)生在上了12個(gè)小時(shí)的寫(xiě)作課后就能寫(xiě)出15分以上的文章的原因所在。因?yàn)椋覀兞私饬丝佳袑?xiě)作的實(shí)質(zhì)就是對(duì)于某些表達(dá)的積累，我們提前積累了，分?jǐn)?shù)當(dāng)然能在最短的時(shí)間中獲得最大的提高。所以同學(xué)們一定要在強(qiáng)化和沖刺階段按照我的作文思路進(jìn)行積累。我相信同學(xué)們一定能在作文部分獲得一個(gè)非常好的成績(jī)，在我所編寫(xiě)的《考研英語(yǔ)作文高分攻略》一書(shū)中對(duì)于這種寫(xiě)作思想有非常詳細(xì)的闡述。最后祝愿各位考生考研成功!
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