第一篇:把握英語高考趨勢,突出重點,搞好英語總復習
把握英語高考趨勢,突出重點,搞好英語總復習
把握英語高考趨勢,突出重點,搞好英語總復習
云南楚雄二中 鄧 穎
迎接高考,做好高三英語的總復習,是對中學英語教學成果全面總結和系統復習的重要工作,是一個把學過的知識要點進行系統化整理、歸類,總結,消化,并使之融會貫通,靈活應用,全面掌握的重要過程。這既要根據平時各自的教學方法,對教學內容的理解程度和對教學知識點的側重不同來進行,又要根據高考英語試題的發展趨向有的放矢抓住重點進行復習。根據自己平時積累的經驗和對近幾年英語高考試題的走向,在此談談我對搞好高三英語總復習的一些思考和做
法,以求賜教。
一、高考英語試題的變化和發展趨向。
近三年來高考英語試題是依據《全日制高級中學英語教學大綱》,和每年的《普通高等學校招生全國統一考試說明》(英語科),對高考英語試卷而命制的,堅持“穩中求發展”,堅持“突出語篇,強調應用,注重交際”的命題原則。進一步淡化語法,淡化形式,擴大了試題覆蓋面。除了考察語言基礎知識外,還加強了對交際語言運用能力的考查及對學生理解運用其他學科知識的綜合性,靈活性的考查。同時對閱讀速度,思考速度都有較高的要求。測試的基本點仍定位在語
篇。
2002年的命題趨勢將是,以知識意義立意為基礎,向以能力立意方向發展,強調知識之間的內在聯系,突出對學生學習方法,學習能力的考查,重點突出以現實問題立意的命題。依據教學大綱,但又不拘泥于教學大綱。從2001年的試題看出,高考的方向并非一味強調難度和深度,而是側重知識的廣度和基本功的考查。注重對學生分析問題解決問題能力的考察。
針對高考英語試題的變化和要求,我們在高三的英語教學和復習的過程中,應以整體把握教材的知識點,加強聽、說、讀、寫能力的三維立體訓練,增強語感,提高語言的實際運用能力為目的。
二、學完上好高三英語(上下冊)教材,以課本為主線,完成原始系統知識的積累。
我們如果僅僅為高考而教,為高考而學,就會陷入考什么教什么,不考不教,不考不學的實用主義思想,那么在高三便會很快草草結束新課,或砍去部分教材內容,不惜用大半年時間投入到“千題百練”之中,追求語法結構的完整性和覆蓋率的誤區,這是與我們的教育目的相背離的。要把培養英語的交際能力和提高人的素質這兩個方面有機結合,發揮語言教學“言為心聲”的優勢,使二者互為因
果,雙向促進
我們知道高三英語(AB)教材在編寫和選材上注重對學生聽,說,讀,寫能力的培養和提高。在培養培養閱讀能力方面,教材首先為我們提供了大量而豐富的語言材料,設計了多種多樣提高閱讀技巧和閱讀能力的教學活動和教學要求。這不僅有利于提高學生的閱讀能力,還有利于拓寬學生對英語國家和世界文化的了解,拓寬學生政史地和數理化綜合知識面。其次,教材把中學階段應掌握的重點語法項目,詞匯,句型進行了全面歸納總結,并將他們融入語篇之中,確保語言能力在大量的實踐中得到提高。所以教材是我們系統復習的主線和出發點。我的做法是:
1、充分利用教材語篇內容進行聽、說、讀、寫的綜合訓練;
2、利用教材的語篇,鞏固深化語法知識;
3、把提高學生思想素質的培養和科學素養的提高,貫穿在英語課堂教學中;
4、重視使用錄音機。每一課的內容都有聽錄音加強語言語調的模仿和聽力的訓練,一是注重理解;二是注重模仿,使聽、說的能力得到提高。
5、發揮多媒體電教手段優化活化教材,提高學習的趣味性和知識性。因此,系統學好高三英語教材,就夯實了學生的整體英語基礎知識,又培養學生的統籌貫通能力,同時又避免了詞匯,語法復習的枯燥,乏味,抽象的問題。
三、語法知識復習在語境中突出交際化。
現在高考試題的趨勢是進一步淡化語法,淡化形式,但并不是不考語法。如何復習好語法這一棘手而又必要的內容呢?對于中國人學英語,語法的學習和訓練已成了幾十年的老傳統,單純講語法,教亦難教,學亦枯燥,而且容易把學生引入鉆語法牛角尖的誤區中,使語法教學陷入“吃力不討好”,收效不大的境地。所以,我在教學中對語法的復習不是“淡化”而是把它作為重頭戲來唱。復習好語法是解決學生語言理解能力和運用能力的關鍵。
單純孤立地復習講語法,練語法往往教不好,學生學起來也感到難記難掌握,如果我們能發揮教師的主導作用和學生的主體作用,在教與學融合上下功夫,調動雙方互動的作用。(1)活化語法,將語法規則活化成語言交際的原型,使學生全面地,真切地認知語法特點。(2)教學中不是“講解”語法,而是“呈現”新內容,用生動的語言情景呈現新語法內容,要善于啟動學生參與呈現。教師精心組織情景交融的活動吸引學生參與,發揮學生的潛能,調動學生自學的能動性。(3)在備課準備復習材料時,要選擇交際的語境話題,展示活化的語言內容和環境,再讓學生在情景交融的語言環境中,巧妙地將語法知識融入到語境和語篇的真實語言環境中,把具體的語法規則匯入語言的理解和運用中來完成。(4)引導學生把陳述性的語法知識聯系起來加以應用,構成一個豐富而相互聯系的語言網絡系統,使他們發現和領悟出語法知識之間的內在聯系。這樣就能使枯燥的語法學習,轉變成趣味豐富的學習,使難記難學變得系統連慣易記,這不失為引
導啟發學生學好語法的有效方法。
四、詞匯復習應在互動和語景中,加強記憶能力和記憶方法的培養訓練。英語科的復習,詞匯是基礎,是根本。但不能把學生當作一個筐,作為記憶的工具,只求死記硬背,不求理解。心理學告訴我們,“成功的記憶是對信息材料的編碼,儲存和提取進行科學整合?!狈駝t,無序的知識不僅不易記憶還干擾破壞原有的記憶。所以,我認為將詞匯的復習融入到系統的訓練之中。是提高學生記憶方法和記憶能力的有效嘗試。(1)利用拼讀規則,構詞法,擴展詞匯,強化記憶,打牢基本功,使學生大腦建立英語詞匯庫。(2)培養英語語感,鞏固詞匯,提高語用,使詞匯在大腦中程序化。此層次的復習是詞不離句,句不離篇。(3)經常進行“互動式”,“討論式”的協作小組學習訓練,達到對詞匯使用的熟練,綜合能力的共同進步和提高的目的。通過學習小組的互動討論會形成相互作用的學習環境,在這個學習環境中學生的互幫互學,輕松愉快地達到共同提高的目的。向同伴解釋知識能夠引起學習者用心思考新知識與已有知識之間的細節,從而會對學習內容作了一次更深入的加工。另外,從學習的伙伴處接受知識,增加了學生觀察學習其同伴們所用的學習方法掌握知識要點的機會。特別是學生在課堂中使用小組協作方式學習,則會產生出更多的想法和新的思路,而單獨學習的學生則容易感受挫折,學習花費的時間也更多。(4)復習單詞,語言點和句型,要針對具體單詞的詞性,讀音及拼寫規則進行歸納整合,結合構詞法知識擴大詞匯量,以此提高整體閱讀中的猜詞聯想能力。(5)結合詞匯學習要使學生達到學習能力和綜合能力的提高,如查閱詞典,參閱參考書和歸納整理知識能力的形成等。(6),提倡學生學一點用一點。圍繞教材,精心設計活動,練好字詞句,通過教學活動的交際化,促使課堂的社會化,感情和信息的交流使教學活動充滿激情,充滿樂趣,愉快的教學將使記憶效果更好。(7),不但注重輸入,還要保證輸出。這一步復習是運用,加工詞句,幫助學生內化,記憶語言知識和規則。輸出就是應用,就是相互學習和對話。要考慮學習的內容,階段性和學生個體差異,對他們應有不同的要求,從實際出發,精心設計,保證大部分學
生學有所樂,學有所得。
五、語篇復習,技巧加積累。
閱讀理解需要加強如下幾個方面:1,詞匯量豐富,扎實。2,基礎語法運用嫻熟。3,豐富,熟練的句法,詞法知識。4,學習者的生活經驗,文化背景及學習者的思維方式和學習品質。5,學習者的分析(analyze),判斷(judgement,determination)及邏輯推理能力(logical inference)。6,學習者的文化素養和知識(cultural quality,knowledge)。因此,積累閱讀經驗,成功地體驗閱讀理解的心理過程是提高閱讀理解能力所必須做到的。首先,利用高三冊(上下)培養閱讀技能,注重略讀——理解課文表層意思;細讀——加深對課文的理解;精讀——理解課文深層含義;突破語言知識難點。使之循序漸進,逐步加深理解,得以鞏固,這是一個層次的閱讀理解訓練。其次,進行語篇的專題復習,教學生應用預測,跳讀,掃讀,覽讀和核心詞閱讀等各種技巧,進行專項練習完成不同的閱讀題型任務,使之達到全面理解融會貫通的目的。再次,利用文章體裁題材,發展學生對文章主旨大意的歸納和字里行間的判斷推理的能力,使學生掌握閱讀技巧技能,發現語篇的內在聯系和基本規律。還要階段性閱讀專題文章,強化訓練,如科普文章,廣告類等重點專題,擴大知識面,以鞏固
發展他們的閱讀能力。
閱讀技能是用英語語言,由一個competence 內化和performance外化的反復交替,循環往復循序漸進的進行,突出語篇平時的積累,要有20萬字閱讀量,才能有足夠的詞匯量積累基礎,豐富的語言知識,加深英語的語言感受。其次,注意適時加大語篇的難度,突出由易到難漸進提高的原則,培養快速準確的閱讀能力。材料選擇應多樣化,尤其讓學生熟悉使用英語國家背景文化知識,使他們能
較深地理解英語的語言內涵。
六、在教學的全過程中逐步整合學生寫作能力。
英語的聽,說,讀,寫訓練中,寫的教與學是個難點,又是高考的重點。根據初步統計近十年來高考“書面表達”以第一人稱的方式出現過七次,第二人稱一次和第三人稱兩次,以圖畫提示方式出現過七次,表格兩次,中文提綱式一次,以記敘文體裁出現六次,說明文三次,應用文一次,以日記的格式三次,信件四次,通知和報告各一次,主題內容不同,字數均是100個左右,現在分值是25分,其權重占全卷的17%,它是語言運用的重要專題之一。所以寫的教學要化
大功夫,進行有效的整合。
寫作訓練貫穿于整個教學的過程,自始至終在教與學中都突出聽說領先,讀寫跟上;平時教學是在詞匯,語法教學中詞不離句,句不離篇的導入句子結構。為完成高中每冊課本各單元的寫作任務打下基礎。專題寫作要克服學生無話可說的問題,其中一個有效的訓練方法是:(1)先口頭,后筆頭,收集詞匯,選詞組句,連句成篇的小組討論合作學習方式。(2)摸仿范文,進行仿寫,規范強化。(3)背誦語句,固定格式。(4)綜合練習寫作步驟和技巧,集中糾錯,逐步提高。交替反復,嘗試成功。同時,針對典型錯誤,練單句改錯,再練短文改錯。最后,還要讓學生領會“考試說明”的精神實質,包括命題特點,試題類型分布的比重,試題內容的分析。再在復習中把握英語的階段復習,查漏補缺,綜合模
擬。
總之,高三英語教學復習要采取一些積極的手段,引導學生加深學習內容的系統掌握和理解,學會舉一反三融會慣通,達到準確掌握與靈活應用的目的。為此,我們要以課堂為主戰場,擴大英語的接觸面,創建學習氣氛,培養和保持學生的學習興趣,把傳授知識和培養學生的自學能力理解能力貫穿于課堂教學活動的全過程。訓練學生把聽、說、讀、寫的系統知識,應用到以現實問題立意,以能力立意的題型中。以綜合、全面的英語知識迎接考試。
第二篇:淺談如何搞好小學畢業班英語總復習
淺談如何搞好農村小學畢業班英語總復習
我從事農村小學畢業班英語教學已有5年,而小學英語的重要性是越來越受到大家的關注與認可。目前農村學校在校生人數較少,學困生占學校的比例較大,學生對英語的學習興趣不是很濃厚,缺少相應的語言環境和學習條件,起點要比城里的小學生低,而農村學校的英語教學難度就相對較大。因此,畢業班的復習,給我們每一位農村教師帶來了更大的挑戰。首先讓我們認識一下什么是復習,顧名思義就是重復以前學過的內容,但復習并不是把內容簡單重復一遍就過去了,而是要把平時所學的分散的、局部的知識通過縱橫聯系從而把它們結構化、系統化。小學畢業班的英語總復習則是對整個小學階段學生學習過的英語知識進行一個階段性的總結與歸納,同時,其成果的好壞直接影響到學生進一步學習的可能性與穩定性,作用非常大。作為小學英語畢業班老師,我們應該如何搞好小學畢業班英語總復習,進而提高復習的效率與效果呢?我認為應從以下幾個方面來進行總復習。
一、了解學生、了解教材,明確目標,擬好復習計劃。
我們想要在教學上有所突破,首先要了解學生,了解學生學習英語的基礎,在英語總復習時要充分考慮到學生的學習特點,我們老師也必須先系統的了解教材,明確各個版塊的內容及要求,教師應對復習內容及復習安排做到心中有數,目標明確。讓學生明確考試的方向、內容和題型,明確復習內容,指導學生合理分配復習時間,根據學生的實際情況,針對他們在學習上的薄弱環節制定切實可行的復習計劃,確定復習進度。這樣做的目的是讓學生對要復習的內容做到心中有譜,以便在復習過程中更主動地做好復習準備,更積極地投人到復習中,從而進行有效復習。
二、加強基礎技能、認真歸納小結 1.六年級的學生對英語知識已經有一定的掌握,在這一階段,我很注重學生對單詞的掌握程度,由于時間緊,我會把五年級和六年級的單詞重新聽寫二到三遍,不會的單詞再次默寫,直到會了為止。因為背單詞就像蓋房子一樣,打好地基,才能使知識學的更牢固。單詞會背了,我會挑重點課文讓學生去背,背課文不僅能鍛煉學生的口語,它還能提升學生的語感,培養學生的聽力。同時我也很重視做題的方法及能力的訓練,指導學生掌握筆試和聽力題目的要領。做聽力題前必須把題目仔細看一遍,把題目中認識的單詞讀一讀,看一看,想一想,在聽的時候才能會很快找到答案。單項選擇要認真的閱讀題目,聯系學過的知識,用回憶法、排除法來做題。通過分析和操練,讓學生掌握做題技巧,再通過對比練習,讓學生對易錯的題目進行鞏固。
2.教師對教材中的知識進行梳理,以教材為主,側重于教材內容的復習,根據各知識點的前后聯系將各冊書中的單詞、詞組、句型進行整理歸納、小結,使學生的知識系統化。復習教材上的對話是最基礎的復習,可以幫助幫助學生回想所學過的知識點,讓學生印象深刻。
3.精講多練,讓學生通過聽講練習理解知識,并做到強化、鞏固知識。在口頭、筆頭練習上下更多功夫,從培養學生實際語言應用能力出發,側重向學生傳授基礎的語言知識,進行大量的語言操作基本訓練,把語言形式與語言意義聯系起來,取同桌對話、小組互談等多種形式,從而使學生獲得有效的聽、說、讀、寫基本技能的能力。在復習階段,安排小組之間的競賽活動,把競賽穿插在復習課中,在競賽中強化記憶,促進運用。主要是小組加分制,課堂上表現好的小組進行加分。每節課得分多的小組每位同學獲得一個粘貼,積累20個粘貼可以換一個獎品。這樣學生的學習熱情一直會持續高漲,這完全符合小學生的心理特征。
三、語法復習
我覺得語法復習是小學階段學習最難的一部分,學生經常對知識點遺忘,當時做都明白,下次再遇到一樣的題型還是不會。因此,針對此現象我一般采用歸納總結和相互比較的方法。如:
(一)一般現在時,主語是第一、二人稱以及第三人稱的變化,行為動詞在各種句式中的使用規律。陳述句如何變一般疑問句,以及一般疑問句的肯定和否定回答;正在進行時和一般過去時的用法等等,我會單獨拿一個知識點,一節課專門學它,教師講解后,學生再做相應的專項訓練,為了幫助學生真正理解并運用所學的知識,適量的練習是很有必要的,小學英語復習課中教師要精心考慮到例題的選擇和習題的配備,應選擇“有用”的題目進行講解或讓學生練習,選的題目一定要有基礎性、綜合性、啟發性、代表性、典型性,從題目中幫助學生找出解題規律與方法。教師也要適時、適當的增加新鮮的語言材料和練習材料,這樣可以避免學生復習的枯燥感以及拓寬學生的閱讀面,提高學生的綜合能力。同時,教師要充分考慮學生的差異,設計有層次的練習,使不同水平的學生都有收獲。對于學生的錯題,教師要及時幫助學生分析并找出解題錯誤的原因,及時補填知識漏洞,提高其解題能力,拓展其解題思路。當然,也可以給學生收集錯題,制成錯題集,時常溫故而知新,達到牢固掌握的目的。教師還要指導學生對平時理解深、練習不夠、運用不當的知識點進行重點復習,增強學生對難題的進一步理解。同時,我會讓每個學生準備一個語法本,每節課接觸的語法都要記下來,回家去背,第二天我再提問,這樣下來,語法的學習很有成效。
(二)可以按詞義歸類復習,把單詞按交通工具、人物、職業、服裝、動物、生活用品等進行分類記憶,對于小學生來說效果也比較明顯。在引導學生自主記憶的基礎上,作為教師來說可以在課堂上組織以競賽的形式進行復習,譬如由教師劃出類別,學生對應填出單詞和詞組,通過強化練習幫助學生加強單詞記憶。另外,還可以開展讓一個學生造一個句子,其他學生接力造句的游戲。
四、注重趣味性,營造寬松的復習氛圍
六年級的學生復習時間緊、內容多而雜,學生壓力大,情緒波動也大。對于這樣的學生,在必要的時候可以對學生進行心理疏導,讓他們在寬松的學習氛圍中進行有序的復習,有效完成學習任務。對于他們的點滴進步,教師要給予及時的表揚,樹立他們學習英語的信心,讓他們有堅持復習英語的動力。特別是潛能生更是需要老師的不斷支持與鼓勵,肯定他們的點滴成果。復習還要勞逸結合,減輕學生的復習壓力和負擔,幫助他們克服緊張情緒,讓每個學生保持良好的心理狀態。在復習中教師適當穿插一些學生熟悉的英文歌曲、有趣的游戲、討論和分角色表演等,甚至課前可以讓學生聽一些心理減壓的音樂,保持學生的學習興趣,提高復習效率。
總之,在復習階段,教師要一切從實際出發,制定好有效的復習計劃,關心學生的成長,并與他們多做溝通,做到與學生既是朋友,又是師生,成為學生喜歡的老師,心靈上的朋友。努力激發起學生學習的積極性,調動學生的學習興趣,只有這樣學生學習的熱情才會高、主動性才會強,才會樂于動口、動手,勤于實踐,主動參與到復習活動中來,復習的效率才會有很大的提高。以上幾點方法,是我近5年在農村畢業班英語教學中取得的淺薄經驗,在我們學校也取得了比較好的效果,學生較以前的學生成績都有很大的進步,同時我也認為這是比較有效的、切實可行的方法,而實際意義上的復習工作遠不止于此,課前的復習計劃、例題篩選,課后對學生的輔導都是不可缺少的環節。作為農村的英語教師,我們任重而道遠,在以后的教學道路上,我們還應該不段探索、尋找更好的教法,認認真真、腳踏實地的做好每個環節的工作,讓學生扎實地學好英語,讓所有的學生都有不同的進步與提高,使他們能順利完成小學階段的學習任務,并為他們中學英語的學習奠定良好的基礎。
第三篇:高考英語從句總復習
從句
一. 定義
1.句子分為簡單句和復合句。簡單句是只有一個主謂賓結構。復合句是由兩個或兩個以上的主謂賓結構構成的句子。
2.復合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的句子。主句是全句的主體,從句是主句的一個成分,它不能單獨做句子,它在句子中作什么成分,就叫什么成分的從句,如作主語的就叫主語從句,作賓語的就叫賓語從句,作表語的就叫表語從句,作定語的叫定語從句,作狀語的就叫狀語從句。3.復合句主要有三大從句,即名詞性從句(包括主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句)、形容詞性從句(即定語從句)、副詞性從句(即狀語從句,包括時間、條件、結果、目的、原因、讓步、地點、方式等)。
二. 名詞性從句
(一)主語從句
1.主語從句是指從句充當主語的句子。2.引導詞;關系代詞:(1)從句成分什么都不缺:thatwhetherif(whether一般跟or not 搭配使用,if不能)That the earth is round is true Whether she comes or not makes no difference(2)從句成分缺人:whowhomwhosewhoeverwhomever(3)從句成分缺物:whatwhatererwhichwhichever Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.Whose watch was lost is unknown.What caused the accident remains unknown.Whatever you did is right.關系副詞:where:(什么地方),從句中缺地點狀語 when:(什么時候),從句中缺時間狀語 why:(什么原因),從句中缺原因狀語 how:(如何,怎樣),從句中缺方式狀語
Where he is from is the question nobody can answer She don’t know how she can get to the hospital Why he is late is he was ill yesterday 3.主語從句的特殊形式:it做形式主語的主語從句結構(1)It is +名詞+從句
It is a fact an honor that(2)it is +形容詞+從句
It is natural obviouspossible that…(3)it is +不及物動詞+從句
It seems happened that…(4)it +過去分詞+從句
It is reported that… 據報道… It is said that…據說…
It has been proved that… 已證實…
4.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況
(1)if 引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。
(2)It is said ,(reported)…結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)(3)It happens…, It occurs… 結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)
(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(wrong)
(5)含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前。例如:
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?(right)Is that will rain in the evening likely?(wrong)5.注意:
(1)主語從句的時態:不受主句的時態影響和限制。
Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.(2)主語從句中的引導詞放在句首不能省略
(二).賓語從句
1.從句在主句中充當賓語的句子是賓語從句 2.引導詞
3.賓語從句的幾種形式(1)做及物動詞的賓語 I heard that he joined the army.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.She told me that she would accept my invitation.(2)作介詞的賓語
Our success depends upon how hard we work(3).作形容詞的賓語
I am afraid(that)I’ve made a mistake.I am glad that you have made such progress(4)動詞+it+that結構
It做形式賓語,代替that引導的賓語從句
He has made it clear that he won’t give up the opportunity We consider it necessary that we should open out(5)賓語從句否定的轉移
若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等,其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上,從句謂語用肯定式。例如:
I don’t think this dress fits you well.4.注意:(1)賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序
(2)如果主句謂語是現在時或將來時,賓語從句的謂語時態不受限制,如果主句時態是過去時,賓語從句一般要隨著改為相應的過去時(即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時等)。He thought he was working for the people.
I heard she had been to the Great W all.
John hoped that he would find a job soon.
但賓語從句如果表示定理法則、永恒真理等,則不變化:
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun
(三)表語從句
從句在主句中充當表語成分的句子是表語從句。一般結構是“主語+連系動詞+表語從句” The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.This is why we can’t get the support of the people
But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.(四)同位語從句
1.同位語從句是修飾前面名詞的從句。
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general 2.同位語在句子中的位置
同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面,而是被別的詞隔開。例如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位語從句與定語從句的區別
(1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞,同時以在從句中作某個成分(主語或賓語),而同位語從句中的that是連詞,只起連接主句與從句的作用,不充當句中任何成分。
(2)定語從句是形容詞性的,其功能是修飾先行詞,對先行詞加以限定,描述定的性質或特征;同位語從句是名詞性的,其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如:
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。)(第一個that引導的從句是定語從句,that在從句中作賓語)
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。)(同位語從句,that在句中不作任何成分)
三.形容性從句(定語從句)
(一)含義:從句充當定語成分的句子叫做定語從句。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。先行詞:被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞,短語,或整個主句。引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞,分為關系代詞和關系副詞。
(二)限制性定語從句
1.限制性定語是指定語從句緊跟它所修飾的中心名詞或代詞之后,沒有逗號分開。2.引導詞:分為關系代詞和關系副詞。(1)關系代詞引導的定語從句:
that:指代人、事物,作主語、賓語,做賓語時可以省略 who:指代人,做主語
whom:指代人,做賓語,可以省略。它在口語和非正式用語中常用who代替,可以省略 The man whowhom you met just now is my brother.which:指代事物,做主語、賓語。做賓語可以省略 whose:指代人、物,做定語,其后直接加名詞 He has a friend whose father is a doctor.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.指物時常用以下結構代替:
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.——The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired(2)關系副詞引導的定語從句:
where:指地點,在定語從句中做地點狀語 Shai hai is the city where I was born
The house where I live ten years ago has been pulled down when: 指時間,在定語從句中做時間狀語
I still remember the day when I first came to the school why: 指原因,在定語從句中做原因狀語
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 注意: 關系副詞引導的定語從句都可以用“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句來代替 Shai hai is the city wherein which I was born I still remember the day whenon which I first came to the school Please tell me the reason why for which you missed the plane 練習:
A letter------is written in pencil is difficult to read.(主語)Do you know the gentleman-----spoke just now? You can take anything----you like.(賓語)What is the question-----they are talking about? Here is the man-----you want to see.3.注意
(1)限制性定語從句中只能用that的幾種情況:
A 當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時,要用that Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said? There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.All that can be done has been done.B 當先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾,如:firstlastnext等
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.C 當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時
This is the best film that I have seen.D 當形容詞被the very, the only 修飾時
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當先行詞指人時,偶爾也可以用who
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/ E 當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時
Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? F 當先行詞既有人,也有動物或者物體時
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? G 如有兩個從句,其中一個關系代詞已用which,另一個關系代詞宜用that。He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.(2)限制性定語從句中只能用who的情況:
A 當定語從句對指人的先行詞進行隔位修飾時,只能用who(whom)。如:
Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你認識黑板前面正在給學生們講話的那位女孩子嗎?
B 當先行詞為people和those時,只能用who(whom)。如:
Those who want to go there come here please.那些想去那兒的人請來這邊。
C 當先行詞為one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)時,只能用who(whom)。如: Anyone who is against us is our enemy.任何反對我們的人就是我們的敵人。D 在there be句型中名詞的定語從句多用who(whom)。如:
There are students in our class who / whom you have met.我們班有些學生你見過。
E 當句子中有兩個指人的現行詞分別帶有兩個定語從句時,若一個定語從句的引導詞為that, 那么,另一個定語從句的引導詞必定為who。如:
The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university.剛才你會到的那個男孩是李明的剛從大學畢業的弟弟。
(3)以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導,而且通常可以省略。
The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising
(三).非限制性定語從句
1.含義:先行詞和從句用逗號隔開,對所修飾你名詞或代詞等起補充說明的作用。如果去掉從句,并不影響它所修飾的先行詞的意義。
2.引導詞(1)關系代詞:
指人:who :做主語,不可省略 ;whom:做賓語,不可省略 指物:which:做主語或賓語,不可省略(2)關系副詞:
when where why as等
Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it
B.that
C.which
D.he 答案C.此為非限定性從句,不能用 that修飾,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成為句子,兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。
The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it 答案B。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定語從句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句,it不為連詞,使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。
3.as和which 引導的非限制性定語從句
(1)as和which都可在句子中做主語或賓語,它們指代的是整個句子 He married her,aswhich is natural He is honest,aswhich we can see(2)as引導的定語從句可以放在主句之前,也可放在主句之尾,還可分割整個主句,which引導的定語從句只能放在主句之后;as有“正如,正想”之意 As is known to us,china is a developing country He is from south,which we can see from his accent
John ,as you know,is famous writer(3)作主語時,which既可以作系動詞be的主語,也可以作實義動詞的主語;而這時as 只可以做系動詞be的主語。例如:
A)He married her, which was natural.(可用as代替which)他和她結婚,這是很自然的事。
B)He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry, which made him illustrious.(不可用as 代替which)他獲得了諾貝爾化學獎,這使他名揚天下。
It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it(4).在which引導的定語從句中,謂語動詞若是am, is, are則這些系動詞不能省略;而as后面若是這種情況,則可以省略。例如:
A)He is a teacher, as(is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)B)He said he had never seen her before, which was not true.(was不可省略)(5)當先行詞有such,the same修飾時,常用as I have never heard such a story as he tells This is the same book as I lost last week 注意:當先行次由the same修飾時,偶爾也用that引導定語從句,但是和由as所引導的定語從句意思不同
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。
She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。
(四)引導詞+介詞引導的定語從句
關系代詞在從句中做介詞的賓語時,從句常用介詞+關系代詞引: The school whichthat he once studied is vert famous ——the school in which he once studied is very famous Tomorrow I will bring a book whichthat you ask for Tomorrow I will bring a book for which you ask 注意:
A:含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用。如:look at, look for, look after, take care of等 This is watch whichthat I looking for B:當介詞放在關系代詞之前時,關系代詞指人是只能用whom,,關系代詞指代物時,只能用which,關系代詞是所有格時,用whose The man with whom you talked is my friend C:介詞+定語從句,前面可有some any both each none neither 等代詞或數詞修飾 He love his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him There are forty students in our class,,most of whom are from cities 四.狀語從句
一:時間狀語從句
(一)when, while和as。
1.when引導從句的動作可以與主句的動作同時發生,也可以先于主句的動作。引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續性的動詞(一段時間),又可以是瞬時動詞(一點時間)。when還含有“at that moment”的意思,引起的句子不能放在句首
When he heard the news,they were much surprised(從句的動作先于主句的動作)When she came in, I stopped eating.她進來時,我在吃飯。(瞬時動詞)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當的住在農村時,我常常為他擔水。(延續性的動詞)
We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.我們正在看電視,這時燈突然滅了。They had just arrived home when it began to rain.他們剛到家,這時天就開始下雨了。
2.while 從句的動作和主句同時發生,從句的謂語動作必須是延續性的。并且while有時還可以表示對比 While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV I like playing football while you like playing basketball 3.as 從句的動作和主句同時發生。從句的謂語動詞可是瞬時性的,也可是延續性的。從句和主句要表示一個人的兩個動作交替進行或同時完成時,則多用as,可譯為“一邊......,一邊......” She came up as I was cooking.(延續性)The runners started as the gun went off.(瞬時性)He looked behind from to time as he went.他一邊走,一邊不時地往后看。
As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer..隨著時間的推移,天氣變得越來越暖了。練習:
1.He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears.(2006遼寧)
A.why B.where C.when D.while 2.— I’m going to the post office.— ____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?(1999)
A.As B.While C.Because D.If 3.____ the days went on, the weather got worse.(1990)
A.With B.Since C.While D.As 4.Tom ____ into the house when no one ____.(1992)
A.slipped;was looking B.had slipped;looked
C.slipped;had looked D.was slipping;looked 如果主句的動作發生于表示“當……時”的時間狀語從句中的動作的進行過程中,從句常用進行時。如: The landlady suspected that someone must have broken into the house when/while/as she was watching TV show.女房東懷疑在她看電視時曾有人闖入屋
5.I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____.(2006安徽)
A.went;was occurring B.went;occurred C.was going;occurred D.was going;had occurred 6.It was some time ____ we realized the truth.(2005山東)
A.when B.until C.since D.before 7.— Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?
— He rushed out of the room ____ I could say a word.(2006四川)
A.before B.until C.when D.after
(二)before 和after
before引導時間狀語從句時表示從句的動作發生在主句動作之后,如主句是將來時,從句中現在時,從句是過去時,主句用過去完成時。after引導時間狀語從句時表示從句的動作發生在主句動作之前。
It will be some time before we know the results After we had finished dinner,we went home.重點:before 的用法
1.用于It + be + 時間段 + before...句型中,意思是“在……之后才……”,如果主句中用否定式,則表示“不多久……就”。
It will be five years before I come back.我五年后才能回來。
It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their country.不久之后,敵人就被趕走了。
It won’t be long before they understand each other.他們不久就會互相了解的。
2.還有“趁……(還沒有)”之意。例如:
They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.他們正在考慮趁房價未漲時把房子買下來。
Do it before you forget it.趁早動手,以免忘了 3.短語before long與long before的區別
before long是“很快,不久”的意思, 可以用于各種時態。如:
Before long, he went to America.不久,他就去了美國。
I hope to see you before long.我希望不久后再見到你。
而 long before是“很久以前”的意思,一般用在過去時或過去完成時的句子里。如: She said she had read the novel long before.她說她很久以前就讀過這部小說。
(三)till和until
①until和till都可表示“直到...為止”,與主句中持續性動詞的肯定式連用。He waited until / till we finished our meal.他一直等到我們吃完飯。
②當until和till表示“直到...才....”時,通常與主句中短暫動詞的否定式連用,這時,until和till也可用before代替。
I didn’t leave until / till / before she came back.直到她回來,我才離開的。③be動詞的肯定式和否定式都可以和until或till連用。
④until引導的從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后,但till從句一般不放在句首。Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.他告訴我了我才知道。當not until位于句首時,主句中的主語、謂語要使用倒裝語序: Not until she came back did I leave.= I didn’t leave until she came back.在強調句型中一般用until,不用till。如:
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a
1.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____ we’ve actually had that lesson.(2007天津)A.until B.after C.since D.when 2.They ____ the train until it disappeared in the distance.(1998)A.saw B.watched C.noticed D.observed 題干中的主句為肯定句,until需要跟主句里肯定形式的表延續性動作的謂語動詞連用,因此本題應選表示延續性動作的watched(其他選項中的saw,noticed,observed所表示的動作都不能延續,意味著結果)。3.“You can’t have this football back ____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly.(2006 A because B.since C.when D.until
(四)since的用法 1.連詞
(1)表示“自從……以來”:
A:主句+since+非延續性動詞
一般主句用現在完成時,從句用過去時,翻譯:“某某自從…以來已經…了 He has studied very hard since he came to our school Since he graduated from the college, he has worked in this city B:主句+since+延續性動詞或表示狀態的動詞
主句用現在完成時,從句用過去時,翻譯:“某某自從沒有…以來已經…了”
He has had several jobs since he was a student at Yale.他自從從耶魯大學畢業以來已經做了好幾份工作。We all have been missing her since she lived here 自從她從這里搬走,我們就再也沒見過她 He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來,他屢次給我寫信。He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來,他就屢次給我寫信。C:主句+since +延續性動詞
主句是現在完成時,從句是現在完成時,翻譯:“某某自從…以來…了’
Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自從我們自己有了汽車,我們每年都去野營。
He has never been to see me since I have been ill.自從我生病以來,他從未來看過我。
He has never been to see me since I was ill.自從我病愈以來,他從未來看過我。
D:It be(一般式或完成式)+表示一段時間的詞匯+since引導的時間狀語從句。It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我成為研究生已經有2年了。It was three years since we had been there.我們在那兒已呆了三年。
應注意的是,在這種結構中,since引導的從句絕對不能用否定式的謂語動詞來表示否定意義,下面兩句都錯了:
It is a long time since he didn’t study English.It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.正確的說法為:
It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久沒學英語了。
You haven’t come to see me for two months.你有兩個月沒來看我了。(2)既然;因為
He must have taken the book since it isn't here.他一定是把書拿走了,因為書已不在這里了。
Since it is so hot, let's go swimming.既然天氣這么熱,我們去游泳吧。
2.介詞:表示“自從……以來”,其具體用法有兩種情況:
(1)since+表示過去某個時間點的詞匯(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點)。
They have been friends since childhood.他們從幼時起一直是好朋友。I have been there many times since the war.自那次戰爭以來,我曾去該地多次。(2)since+表示一段時間的詞匯+ago。
I have been here since five months ago.五個月以來我一直在這里。
They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai.(1989)A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned
(五)表示“一…就…”:as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…;表示“當…時候”: the time, the moment;by the time(到…時候為止), next time(下次), the first time(第一次…的時候), the last time(上次…的時候),once(一旦…)
She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noise.她一聽到聲音就沖進房間 He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他剛到達那里就生起病來。
He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.他還沒說完就有人起來反駁他的論點 He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次見他時,他給我留下了好印象。注意:hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…
前面常用過去完成時,后面用一般過去時。同時它們還可以倒裝: No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.他剛到達那里就生起病來。Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his points.(六)表示習慣性、經常性:every time(每次), each time(每次), whenever(每當)等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每當我們遇上困難的時候他們就來幫我們 Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次進城,總要來看看我們的學校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家,他都出去了。
二.地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句一般由由where(在……的地方), wherever(無論哪里),everywhere(每一個地方)引導的 He is ready to help wherever he is Put you son where you can see him Everywhere they want, they were warmly received 三.原因狀語從句
(一)because since as for 1.because 表示的原因語氣最強;通常放在主句之后,有時也放在主句之前;直接回答why 提出的問題;在強調句中只能用because;被not所否定時只能用because It because he was too careless that he failed 2.since和as表示的原因是人們事先已經知道的,是對已知事實提供理由,而不表示直接原因;since比as語氣稍強,且比as略為正式,兩者通常都放在主句之前 3.for是并列連詞(其作三者為從屬連詞),它有時可表示因果關系(只能放在主句之后,且可與because換用),有時不表示因果關系,而是對前面分句的內容加以解釋或推斷(也只能放在主句之后,但不能與because換用)。
The ground is wet, for(或because)it rained last night.地面是濕的,因為昨晚下過雨。
It rained last night, for(不能用because)the ground is wet this morning.昨晚下過雨,今天早上地面都是濕的(二)由now that,seeing that,considering that(由于…,既然…)
Seeing that it’s raining,we’d better stay indoors.既然外邊在下雨,我們最好待在室內。Now that you are here, you’d better stay.你既然來了,最好還是留下吧
Considering that she has no experience, she has done well enough.考慮到她沒有經驗,她已經做得不錯了
四.條件狀語從句
(一)if,unless
1.if引導的條件狀語從句時,主句是將來時的時候,從句要用一般現在時;if引導條件狀語從句的虛擬;if引導條件狀語從句的省略
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.2.unless = if……not
You will never make rapid progress if you don’t work hard
You will never make rapid progress unless you work hard
(二)1.as(so)long as “只要……”As [So] long as you need me, I’ll stay 只要你需要我,我就留下。as(so)long as 還可表示一段時間
Stay as long as you like。你愿留多久都可以。
So long as he lived, I didn’t feel that I have the right to see you between you.在他死之前,我覺得我沒有權利介入你們之間
2.only if 與 if only。only if 意為“只要”,只用于真實條件句中,是if 的強調式;if only 有兩個意思,一是表示“只要”,此時通常與陳述語氣連用,與 only if 用法相似;二是表示“但愿”“要是……就好了”,此時多用于虛擬語氣和感嘆句中。
I will come only if you don’t promise to invite Mary.只要你答應不請瑪麗,我就來。
If only it clears up, we’ll go.只要天晴,我們就去。
If only I hadn’t told him about it.要是我沒有告訴他這事就好了 If only he will listen to you!他要是聽你的話多好!3.as long as 與 only if 的區別
(1)從語氣上看,only if 的語氣要比as long as 強
(2)當主句和從句的謂語動詞均為短暫性動詞時,通常只用 only if,而不用 as long as。如:He will come only if you ask him.(3)兩者均可引導從句置于主句之后,也可置于主句之前。但是,當only if 引導的狀語從句置于主句之前時,其后的主句要用倒裝語序,而且 as long as 引導的從句置于主句之前不用倒裝。如:
As long as it doesn’t rain we can play.只要不下雨,我們就能玩。
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.只有得到教師的允許,學生才可以進這間屋。
(三)provided(providing)(that),on condition that,given that,in case,suppose(supposing)等都有“如果”“假如”之意。
He will do the work providing you pay him 如果你給他錢,他就干活
I send you this book on condition that you pay in cash 假如你付現金,這架相機就賣給你
Given that he wins the support of the people, he will win the election.如果贏得人民的支持,他將取得競選的勝利
Suppose you fail a second time, do not get disappointed, but try again 假如第二次失敗,別灰心,再試試。
五. 讓步狀語從句
(一)although, though“雖然,盡管” 引導讓步狀語從句時,句中不能用but表示轉折語氣,但可跟yet,still表示轉折
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨,但他們仍在地里干活。
(二)ever if, even though.“雖然,盡管,即使”We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.(三)“no matter +疑問詞” 或“疑問詞+后綴ever” :意為“無論…”。No matter what happened, he would not mind.(1)“no matter +疑問詞”不能引導名詞性從句 Whatever you say is of no use now.Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯們只能給什么吃什么(2)注意however以下兩類句型結構 ① however+主語+謂語:
However you travel, it’ll take you at least three days.不管你怎么走,至少要三天。② however+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語:
However much he eats, he never gets fat.無論他吃多少, 他都不發胖。③ 有時該結構中的主語和謂語可以有所省略:
He was of some help, however small.他總能幫些忙,不管多小的忙。I refuse, however favorable the condition.不管條件多好,我都不接受。
(四)讓步狀語從句與倒裝
引導倒裝的讓步狀語從句通常用as和though,但不是能用although;as 可以在以上這樣的倒裝結構中引出讓步狀語,但若不倒裝,則不能用as,而與之相反,although在不倒裝的結構中可引導讓步狀語,但在倒裝的結構中卻不可以用。
(五)讓步狀語從句的虛擬語氣
六.目的狀語從句
(一)so that,in order that, so, that表示“以便;為了”,so that:如果主句是一般現在時,從句常與may,can,will連用;如果主句是一般過去時,從句常與could,should,would,might連用。
We learn English so that we can read English newspapers She came in quietly in order that she couldn’t wake up the baby
(二)least,in case,for fear that 表示“以防,以免”,從句的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣
七.結果狀語從句
(一)so that,so...that,such...that 1.so…that與such…that的區別在于:
(1)A such+a(an)+adj.+單數可數名詞+that…
He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.他非常聰明,大家都非常喜歡他。
B such+adj.+復數可數名詞+that…
They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.這些小說非常有趣,我想再讀一遍。
C such+adj.+不可數名詞+that…
He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.注意:如果such后邊的名詞前由many、much、few、little等詞所修飾的話,則不用such而用so。如:
He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.他所受教育很少,不適合做這個工作。(2)so…that也作“如此…以致”
so+adj./adv.+that…clause(so的后面跟形容詞或副詞)
He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑得非??欤瑳]人能追上他。
2.so that引導結果狀語從句時,意思是“因此;所以”;在從句前常有逗號與主句分開;結果狀語從句中沒有情態動詞;目的狀語從句可移到句首,而結果狀語從句不能。
Iohn went early, so that he got a good seat.約翰去的很早,得到了一個好位置。
Iohn went early so that he could get a good seat.約翰去的很早,為的是得到一個好位置。
The little boy saved every coin_________ __________he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day 八.方式狀語從句
方式狀態語從句常由as, as if/as though等。例如:
She acted as if/though nothing had happened.It looks as if it'll rain.as if/as though引導方式狀語從句要用虛擬語氣
第四篇:高考英語總復習測試題-18
億庫教育網
http://www.tmdps.cn
高考英語總復習測試題-18 選擇填空
1.China is a country __________ the third world.a.belonged to b.which belongs to c.which is belonged to d.which is belonging to
2.Yesterday Retty didn‘t come here because of _____.And now she is _________ to play basketball.a.ill ,enough good b.illness, good enough c.sick, enough well d.illness, well enough
3.What do you think ________ in the pan over the fire? a.is there b.has there c.there is d.there has
4.It’s nice ________ her to help me _______ my physics.a.of, with b.for, study c.from, to study d.with ,studying
5.He was bron in the year ______ the Anti-Japaese War ________.a.which, broke out b.when ,broke out C.in which, was broken out d.on which ,was broken out
6.Doctors ______ him again and again to give up ___________.a.suggested/drink b.advised/drinking c.talked/to drink d.discussed/drinking
7.---Why are you late?---I ________ the meeting_________ at 10:00 ,so I caught the 9:00 train.a.think,would start b.thought,will start c.thought would start
億庫教育網
http://www.tmdps.cn
億庫教育網
http://www.tmdps.cn d.thought,had started
8.By the age of 26,he________ to speak 7 languages and write 4 of them.a.was learning b.has learned c.learned d.had learned
9.Tom talked to his classmates_____________.a.in a friendly way b.friendly c.like friend d.as friend
10.Have you considered ________ Betty a chance to go to college? a.giving b.to give c.give d.to have given
11.Did slave owners grow very rich ___________ the work of slavers? a.in b.by c.on d.with
12.Peope used _________ that China was poor_______ oil,while in fact,she is rich _______ oil.a.to think ,in ,in b.thinking,at ,at c.for thinking, in ,in d.to think, of ,of
13.Do you consider he __________ your best friend? a.as b.to be c.is d.being
14.I‘ll do __________ help you out of the trouble.Which of the following is wrong? a.what I can to b.that I can to c.my best to d.all I can to
億庫教育網
http://www.tmdps.cn
億庫教育網
http://www.tmdps.cn
15.Many students have come into tne classroom.Look!___________ students are coming here.a.more two b.other two c.another two d.two ather
16.He can drink ________ eight bottles of beer each time.But I think he had better not drink_______ beer.a.as much as,as many b.as many as ,so much c.so,much as ,as many d.so many as ,as much
17.Next summer holidays,I will spend the ______________ days at my___________.a.first few,uncle’s b.first a few ,uncle‘s c.first a few,uncle’s d.first few,uncle
18.---Welcome to my house.Would you like a glass of milk and some hamburger?---Yes,________________.a.very well ,thanks b.that would be nice c.you are wonderful d.it certainly is
19.---Why not play football this afternoon?---____________.Who shall we ask? a.Good idea b.That‘s right c.We’d better not d.That‘s all right
20.---Oh,it’s six o‘clock already.I must be off now.---Can ’t you stay a little longer?---____________________.a.I hope not b.Thank you ever so much c.I‘m afraid not d.No,that ’s all
答案
億庫教育網
http://www.tmdps.cn
億庫教育網
http://www.tmdps.cn
億庫教育網http://www.tmdps.cn 1--10:b d c a b b c d a a 11-20:c a c b c b a b a c
第五篇:英語寫作如何突出重點
有效的句子要有重點,并且要突出重點。
句子的重點可以通過下列方法,加以突出:
1.把重點擺在句首或句尾。
一般而論,最顯眼的位置是在“句尾,其次是在句首,中間的位置最平淡,乏善可陳。例如:
(1)Incorrect grammar and improper construction invariably distract readers'attention.(2)The history of vocabulary is, in many ways, the record of civilisation.把重點放在句尾是種“吊胃口”的方法,讀者或聽者非得讀完或聽完整句不可。
2.在復雜句里,把主句放在從句之后。
除了名詞從句和形容詞從句之外,因為它們位置較固定,副詞從句中有幾種的位置靈活,可以在主句之前出現,也可以跟在主句之后。通常我們就把這樣的副詞從句提前,重點則放在后頭的主句,如(3b):
(3a)I came upon an old classmate when I went to town yesterday.(3b)When I went to town yesterday, I came upon an old classmate.副詞短語更是如此,如(4b):
(4a)Steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools because of its durability.(4b)Beacuse of its durability, steel is commonly used to make
knives,razers and other useful tools.3.把較重要或有分量的詞語放在后頭,如(5b)和(6b):
(5a)I was delighted and amused by the classical opera
(5b)I was amused and delighted by the classical opera.(6a)That singer's life was tragic and brief.(6b)That singer's life was brief and tragic.4.把句子中一系列的項目作邏輯性的排列。例如:
(7)Tony ate his dinner, watched TV, and then went to bed.(8)Were you bored with years of study in elementary school, high school and institute of higher education?
5.必要時,重復重要的語詞或概念。
例如:
(9)Jackie enjoys the company of ladies.He likes their beauty, he likes their delicacy, he likes their vivacity, and he likes their silence.(10)...the land stretched out without names.Nameless headlands split the surf;nameless lakes reflected the nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays.6.盡量用主動說態,因此(11b)比(11a)好:
(11a)A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone.(11b)A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head.7.適當時候,可用倒裝句和平行句,如:
(12)Seven dwarfs lived here in the centre of the dark forest.→ Here, in the centre of the dark forest lived seven dwarfs.(13)Severity breeds fear;roughness breeds hatred.(14)Honesty recommends that I speak;self-interest demands that I remain silent.