第一篇：英語(yǔ)寫作基礎(chǔ)

如何提高小學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)寫作能力

英語(yǔ)寫作是小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的重要內(nèi)容之一。如何提高小學(xué)生英語(yǔ)作文教學(xué)質(zhì)量，是每一位小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師應(yīng)著重思考的問(wèn)題。所謂小學(xué)高年級(jí)英語(yǔ)作文寫作就是讓學(xué)生圍繞一個(gè)主題自覺(jué)運(yùn)用所學(xué)的單詞、句型寫一篇短小的習(xí)作，鍛煉學(xué)生正確的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)化的能力。提高學(xué)生語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用的能力，使我們每一個(gè)英語(yǔ)教育工作者的職責(zé)。英語(yǔ)是一種語(yǔ)言，然而對(duì)于英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)都是由詞到句，由句到篇，循循善誘，積累獲得。而寫作時(shí)小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的一個(gè)弱點(diǎn)，必須從小學(xué)三年級(jí)學(xué)英語(yǔ)時(shí)就抓起，那么怎樣才能提高學(xué)生的寫作能力呢？我認(rèn)為首先要從“造句”來(lái)抓起，現(xiàn)從以下幾個(gè)方面來(lái)談?wù)劊?/p>

第一、口頭造句 A、常規(guī)造句

1、根據(jù)所給的單詞或詞組造句。對(duì)于單詞和詞組，一般來(lái)講，都是課本的重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)。讓學(xué)生在句中練，在學(xué)中悟，從而熟悉其用法，不失為一條較好的教學(xué)方法。如用go to school , eat breakfast/lunch/dinner , play sports , have English class等造句，讓學(xué)生選擇其中的一個(gè)短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行練習(xí)，但不得重復(fù)。學(xué)生說(shuō)起來(lái)饒有興致，爭(zhēng)先恐后，在輕松地學(xué)習(xí)氣氛中學(xué)會(huì)并運(yùn)用了新知，且達(dá)到了提高語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的目的。

2、根據(jù)所給的句型造句。對(duì)于重點(diǎn)句型，老師常采取“死講”和“死做”的辦法，往往人吃虧了，戲并不好看，那么通過(guò)造句，學(xué)生就會(huì)在句型操練的過(guò)程中逐步對(duì)其產(chǎn)生清晰認(rèn)識(shí)，從而在“練”中“悟”出該如何運(yùn)用。如用be doing造句。可以這樣說(shuō)：What is he/she/it doing ? What are you/they/your parents doing ? He is cooking dinner.I am reading a book.在練的過(guò)程學(xué)生會(huì)自然習(xí)得，且學(xué)得扎實(shí)，印象深刻。

3、根據(jù)所給的情景造句。教師可利用多媒體和圖片設(shè)計(jì)真實(shí)場(chǎng)景。如教師可根據(jù)圖片和動(dòng)畫片場(chǎng)景，設(shè)計(jì)一些可操作性問(wèn)題，啟發(fā)學(xué)生思維，讓學(xué)生盡可能地用英語(yǔ)描述動(dòng)畫和圖片，在訓(xùn)練時(shí)要淺顯易懂的句子，由淺入深，由易到難，循序漸進(jìn)，堅(jiān)持不懈，定會(huì)取得較好的效果。

B、競(jìng)賽造句

1、一問(wèn)多答。教師可用競(jìng)賽的方法，可分組讓學(xué)生在短時(shí)間內(nèi)用不同的短語(yǔ)搶答得出，組員搶答多者該組獲勝。如問(wèn)：What did you do on your holiday? I went hiking/climbed mountains.2、“滾雪球”造句。用所學(xué)過(guò)的單詞和句型造句。可以讓學(xué)生利用所學(xué)的單詞和短語(yǔ)，不但讓學(xué)生熟悉了生詞，而且提高了口頭表達(dá)和寫作能力。

3、拓展式造句。所謂拓展，也就是在原有的人基礎(chǔ)上有所創(chuàng)新、延伸和深入。以句型What’s your favourite sports ?為例。可以把它拓展成What’s your favourite food/colour/animal/season…?Do you like…every much ?What do you like best? 第二、筆頭造句。聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫是相輔相成、互相促進(jìn)的。聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀為寫服務(wù)，因此，根據(jù)口頭造句得出的句子，再用筆頭的形式把它寫出來(lái)，學(xué)以致用，融會(huì)貫通。

1、連成造句，即把已學(xué)的句子打散，讓學(xué)生重新排列。在排列的過(guò)程中引導(dǎo)學(xué)生要注意主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等成分，同時(shí)要注意單詞的首字母必須大寫和末尾的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等。使他們了解句子的基本構(gòu)成方式，為以后的句型操練做好鋪墊。

2、仿寫句子。在教師給出一些例子后，讓學(xué)生依葫蘆畫瓢，用最簡(jiǎn)單的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，寫最簡(jiǎn)單的句子，從而鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生大膽去寫，幫助他們排出畏難情緒，提高寫作興趣。

3、看圖寫句子。利用教學(xué)卡片或者教材上的圖片，讓學(xué)生看圖寫句子。教師可先讓學(xué)生口頭表述或小組操練，再讓學(xué)生用文字的方式把它寫出來(lái)。這樣，既掌握了單詞的用法，又能詞不離句，日積月累，學(xué)生的寫作能力將會(huì)得到顯著提高。

4、簡(jiǎn)要描述一天的活動(dòng)。可讓學(xué)生用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)等多種時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)寫。要求學(xué)生用三五句話描述，雖少但能真正起到訓(xùn)練的作用，也能為以后的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)奠定良好的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)。

第三、閱讀、背誦是重點(diǎn)

1、增加閱讀量。作文和閱讀是相輔相成，相互促進(jìn)。多讀文章可以熟悉常用詞語(yǔ)和句型，培養(yǎng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感。學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言首先必須要有感覺(jué)，感覺(jué)越好，學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言就越順利，而語(yǔ)感主要是通過(guò)聽(tīng)、讀訓(xùn)練培養(yǎng)的。這樣學(xué)生在自己親自寫作時(shí)就會(huì)得心應(yīng)手，信手拈來(lái)。

2、強(qiáng)化背誦。學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)沒(méi)有既省勁又能學(xué)好的辦法，實(shí)際上最有效的方法也許就是“最笨”的方法，既背課文，而且，這種背誦和記憶課文必須在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)大量地、整段地背下來(lái)效果最好，可以采用中譯英，英譯中的多次雙向翻譯的方法，通過(guò)這種強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練，不但詞匯量增加，而且愈發(fā)問(wèn)題也能得到很好的解決，并為寫作能力的培養(yǎng)打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。通過(guò)背誦，可以增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感，避免生搬硬套、胡拉亂扯地寫一些中國(guó)式的英語(yǔ)。

第四、開(kāi)設(shè)課外練筆，讓學(xué)生有更多的寫作機(jī)會(huì)。因?yàn)檎n堂時(shí)間有限，僅靠課堂寫作訓(xùn)練培養(yǎng)學(xué)生寫作能力是不夠的，課外練筆便是課堂寫作訓(xùn)練最有益的補(bǔ)充。可采用續(xù)寫，隨筆，日記，寫信等多種形式。對(duì)學(xué)生的要求不能一刀切，對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)好的要求要高，對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)差的要求適當(dāng)?shù)鸵恍Ｌ貏e是要多鼓勵(lì)有能力的學(xué)生寫日記，可用簡(jiǎn)單的幾句話來(lái)描述當(dāng)天發(fā)生的事情。只要多寫，就會(huì)有提高。

第五、注意評(píng)價(jià)

小學(xué)生口頭表達(dá)能力差，詞不達(dá)意，讀音模糊不清，膽小不敢開(kāi)口等現(xiàn)象也在情理之中，但鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生大膽開(kāi)口說(shuō)，能說(shuō)多少是多少，不怕出錯(cuò)，是提高學(xué)生口頭表達(dá)和寫作能力的法寶。在口頭造句的過(guò)程中，教師不要急著糾錯(cuò)，給學(xué)生留一個(gè)思維發(fā)展的空間，使學(xué)生敢于開(kāi)口說(shuō)。待答完后，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)學(xué)生錯(cuò)的地方，提醒全班同學(xué)注意；而對(duì)于糾正學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生運(yùn)用正確的方法組成句子，如何注意主謂一致，時(shí)態(tài)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一致性等問(wèn)題。總之，激勵(lì)為主，指導(dǎo)為輔，多說(shuō)多寫，持之以恒方能提高英語(yǔ)寫作能力。

綜上所述，要提高學(xué)生的寫作能力不是一朝一夕的事，它需要一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程。在日常的課堂教學(xué)中，教師應(yīng)該借助教材，幫助學(xué)生從造句練氣，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生運(yùn)用各種時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行造句操練，結(jié)合自己的教學(xué)特點(diǎn)和學(xué)生的實(shí)際水平，幫助學(xué)生樹(shù)立寫作的人信心，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自主寫作能力，從而為學(xué)生今后的學(xué)習(xí)奠定良好的基礎(chǔ)。

第二篇：英語(yǔ)寫作基礎(chǔ)（本站推薦）

淺析大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作水平現(xiàn)狀及寫作策略

【摘要】本文對(duì)大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行陳述和分析。并遂一提出解決

方法。最后，系統(tǒng)地對(duì)提高英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作水平的策略從整體上進(jìn)行論述。

【關(guān)鍵詞】大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí) 寫作問(wèn)題 方法

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)作文是考查學(xué)生英語(yǔ)綜合水平和應(yīng)用能力的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)，也是大學(xué)四級(jí)考試中的重要組成部分。英語(yǔ)寫作是一項(xiàng)層次較高，難度較大。涉及面較廣的綜合性語(yǔ)言技能。寫作水平如何最能反映出學(xué)生的實(shí)際英語(yǔ)水平。2007年1月，采用新題型的大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)四級(jí)(CET_4)考試在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)全面實(shí)施。寫作(Writing)是新四級(jí)題中與完形填空(Cloze)一樣均沒(méi)有變化的一個(gè)部分。可見(jiàn)新四級(jí)考試依然十分重視學(xué)生英語(yǔ)寫作能力的考核。以較高的分?jǐn)?shù)通過(guò)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試是每個(gè)考生夢(mèng)寐以求的事，然而如何提高四級(jí)作文水平卻是廣大考生頭疼的問(wèn)題。

一、大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作水平現(xiàn)狀

（一）詞匯量小

作文是由句子構(gòu)成的，而句子則是由單詞組成的。如果把一篇作文比作高樓，單詞則是組成高樓的一塊塊磚石。磚石的好壞，必然決定了高樓的質(zhì)量。由于詞匯量小，而為了在考試規(guī)定的30分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇作文。有些學(xué)生不得不“生拼硬湊”。因此造成了用詞不當(dāng)，拼寫錯(cuò)誤等現(xiàn)象。例如：“婚姻”這個(gè)詞，有的學(xué)生只知道“marry(v.)”,而不知道“married(adj.)”，“marriage(n.)”。這樣不分詞性地亂用“marry(v.)”必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。

要解決學(xué)生詞匯量小的狀況，不是一朝一夕的事情，不能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)改變。學(xué)生應(yīng)該循序漸進(jìn)，逐步積累。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)生應(yīng)該在平時(shí)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中增大閱讀量。在閱讀過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)新詞匯，積累新詞匯。[1]對(duì)于新學(xué)習(xí)的詞匯，應(yīng)當(dāng)多造句。通過(guò)造句，學(xué)生能夠加深對(duì)所學(xué)詞匯的印象，從而真正理解和掌握詞匯。對(duì)于已經(jīng)掌握的單訶，也應(yīng)該經(jīng)常復(fù)習(xí)，防止遺忘。

（二）病句現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重

在四級(jí)閱卷過(guò)程中，閱卷老師經(jīng)常會(huì)讀到一些令人啼笑皆非的句子。病句的出現(xiàn)自然會(huì)影響到作文的分?jǐn)?shù)。導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)病句的原因是多種多樣的：有些學(xué)生雖然學(xué)習(xí)了多年的英語(yǔ)，卻依然固守著使用漢語(yǔ)來(lái)思考問(wèn)題的習(xí)慣。體現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)寫作中，往往是句子語(yǔ)序顛倒．短語(yǔ)搭配不當(dāng)?shù)葐?wèn)題。還有些學(xué)生由于英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)掌握不牢固。另外有些學(xué) 1

生是由于粗心大意，考試中貪圖速度而忽略了作文質(zhì)量等原因。

改掉作文中的病句現(xiàn)象，需要學(xué)生和教師的共同努力。學(xué)生應(yīng)該在平時(shí)盡可能地多進(jìn)行作文練習(xí)。寫周記、日記都是很好的方法。在進(jìn)行作文練習(xí)之后．如果有范文的話，學(xué)生可以通過(guò)把自己的作文與范文相比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)不足，改進(jìn)缺點(diǎn)；如果沒(méi)有相對(duì)應(yīng)的范文的話,同學(xué)之間也可以采取互相批改，共同探討的方式來(lái)取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短。同時(shí)，教師在教學(xué)過(guò)程中對(duì)一些常用的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象應(yīng)予以仔細(xì)深入地講解，確保學(xué)生理解吸收。[2]在作文批改中，教師應(yīng)對(duì)典型病句在課堂上講解．使其他學(xué)生引以為戒。避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。

（三）對(duì)作文題型分析不夠透徹

四級(jí)作文可分為現(xiàn)象解釋型，對(duì)比選擇型，問(wèn)題解決型，觀點(diǎn)論證型和應(yīng)用文五種題型。這五類作文題型既是對(duì)四級(jí)作文的科學(xué)分類，又是對(duì)四級(jí)作文考點(diǎn)的高度概括和總結(jié)。有些學(xué)生在寫作文之前沒(méi)有對(duì)所寫作文的類型進(jìn)行認(rèn)真地分析，因此沒(méi)能“對(duì)癥下藥”，導(dǎo)致文不對(duì)題，或者有的學(xué)生作文內(nèi)容基本符合題目要求，但是不夠精彩，也很難得到高分。四級(jí)作文的不同類型要求學(xué)生使用不同的寫作手法，寫作的具體內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該有所不同。學(xué)生應(yīng)該具體情況具體分析。了解不同考試作文的具體要求，按照要求進(jìn)行寫作．學(xué)生才能寫出質(zhì)量較高的作文。例如：在四級(jí)作文中．現(xiàn)象解釋型的考試作文要求考生對(duì)某一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋，并加以評(píng)論。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：說(shuō)明現(xiàn)狀；闡述這種現(xiàn)狀產(chǎn)生或存在的原因；做出分析，提出建議或總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)。對(duì)比選擇型是四級(jí)考試寫作中常見(jiàn)的題型。[3]要求考生比較兩種觀點(diǎn)或做法，進(jìn)而表明自己對(duì)問(wèn)題或事物的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)。問(wèn)題解決型要求學(xué)生從試題的提示性文字或圖表人手，解釋提示性文字或圖表，圖畫反映的問(wèn)題，指出問(wèn)題的危害性或解決這一問(wèn)題的緊迫性；然后對(duì)問(wèn)題展開(kāi)分析，提出解決問(wèn)題的方案或應(yīng)對(duì)措施；最后一段要求考生表明自己對(duì)待這一問(wèn)題的態(tài)度、做法等。觀點(diǎn)論證型要求考生根據(jù)題目給出論點(diǎn)，按照提綱的結(jié)構(gòu)要求對(duì)其進(jìn)行論證，然后表明自己的立場(chǎng)和看法。通過(guò)擺事實(shí)，講道理的方式剖析事物，論述事物，發(fā)表意見(jiàn)，確立或否定某一主張。應(yīng)用文，尤其是信函，也是四級(jí)作文涉及的題型之一。在這類題型中，考生會(huì)讀到一個(gè)特定的場(chǎng)景。試題要求考生按照這個(gè)特定的場(chǎng)景給相關(guān)人士寫一封短信，并在信中明確表達(dá)自己寫信的原因和目的等。只要掌握了英語(yǔ)書信的基本格式。并運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)木涫胶驼Z(yǔ)句。就一定能寫出一篇好的書信。

如果在四級(jí)考試中注意改進(jìn)了以上三點(diǎn)不足的話，學(xué)生的作文水平會(huì)有很大的提高。如何在四級(jí)考試中使作文拿到高分呢?在具體的寫作過(guò)程中，每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都是非常重要的。

二、提高大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作水平的策略

(一)平時(shí)訓(xùn)練與積累

1．加強(qiáng)聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練。通過(guò)聽(tīng)的渠道獲得語(yǔ)言信息及語(yǔ)言感受，在外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中是基礎(chǔ)的基礎(chǔ)。為提高學(xué)生聽(tīng)力，使其獲取更多的信息，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練，從而為表達(dá)打下基礎(chǔ)。

2．積累詞匯。猶如土木磚石是建筑的材料一樣，詞匯是說(shuō)話寫作的必需材料。如果一篇英語(yǔ)文章，有80％的詞不認(rèn)識(shí)，怎能理解文章所表達(dá)的信息呢?如果要寫一個(gè)句子，10個(gè)詞有8個(gè)詞拼寫不出或拼寫錯(cuò)誤，又怎么能表達(dá)自己的思想呢?可見(jiàn)，衡量一個(gè)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)水平及交際能力的高低，關(guān)鍵看他掌握詞匯量的多少。[4]教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的詞匯是經(jīng)過(guò)科學(xué)篩選的，是學(xué)生學(xué)好英語(yǔ)所需的最基本的詞匯。大綱要求學(xué)生能就一定的話題或提綱在半小時(shí)內(nèi)寫出120～150個(gè)詞的短文，能寫短信和便條，達(dá)意思清楚、無(wú)重大語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。為達(dá)到大綱要求，提高學(xué)生寫的能力，要求學(xué)生背誦大綱的詞匯，從而學(xué)生在書面表達(dá)中，避免因單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤而丟分。

(二)解題時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)

1．仔細(xì)審題，吃透要求。

在作文考試中，審題是至關(guān)重要的一步。只有審題正確，才知道能保證作文不偏題，不離題，這是保證作文得高分的前提條件。在審題過(guò)程中，對(duì)題目所提供的信息一定要認(rèn)真分析，弄清楚該題目究竟要表達(dá)什么，把提供的漢語(yǔ)提示多讀幾遍，理解透它的要求，并將所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容及要求重新進(jìn)行整理組織，使其條理化，再以合適的口氣、身份從適當(dāng)?shù)慕嵌冗M(jìn)行表達(dá)。

2．確定寫作方法。

審題正確之后。下一步就是確定寫作方法。寫作方法是指全文或其中的每一個(gè)段落所應(yīng)采取的表現(xiàn)手法，即議論、說(shuō)明、敘事。確定正確的寫作方法。[5]主要是要正確地判斷出作文考試題的類型。

3．合理地進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)安排。

合理的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，是成功地寫出一篇好文章的基礎(chǔ)。作文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排主要是段落安排以及主題句、擴(kuò)展句與結(jié)尾句的安排。也就是說(shuō)要注意句子之間以及段落之間的過(guò)渡和銜接。考生在結(jié)構(gòu)安排上應(yīng)注意段落的完整性、統(tǒng)一性和連貫性。

4．確定主題句。主題句的好壞，直接關(guān)系到段落劃分是否成功、準(zhǔn)確，因此寫好主題句非常重要。

5．材料的選擇與組織。選擇適當(dāng)?shù)牟牧峡梢詼?zhǔn)確、有力地表述文章中心思想。考生在選擇材料時(shí)，應(yīng)盡量選擇具有針對(duì)性、普遍性、新穎勝、鮮明時(shí)代特色的材料。材料的組織也必須結(jié)合試題要求，按一定的邏輯順序組織在一起。[6]組織材料的關(guān)鍵在于找出貫穿文章內(nèi)容的一條主線。

6．注意書寫。考生在注意到作文的各個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)的同時(shí)，應(yīng)該注意自己的書寫。字跡潦草、卷面涂改現(xiàn)象過(guò)多，都會(huì)影響閱卷人對(duì)文章的印象。這樣的考生即使寫作水平再高，也難得高分。

后記

要想在四級(jí)考試中作文取得高分，學(xué)生平生應(yīng)該多下功夫，打好基礎(chǔ)。寫好

一篇作文不僅要有充實(shí)的內(nèi)容．還要有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功。這就要求學(xué)生在日常的學(xué)習(xí)中努力積累知識(shí)．多學(xué)多練。同時(shí)，教師也要及時(shí)地給予指導(dǎo)和

幫助。只有這樣，學(xué)生的四級(jí)作文水平才能真正地有所提高。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1]喬愛(ài)鈴，張相銘．英語(yǔ)寫作技巧[M]．青島出版社，1996

[2]胡春洞．英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)論[M]．南寧：廣西教育出版社，1996

[3]何華清，陳文存．大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作中的詞匯錯(cuò)誤分析[J].西南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)，2008(6)．

[4]鄺麗蓉．英漢思維差異和大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作[J]．考試周刊．2008(6)．

[5]馬文惠，文秋芳．大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)寫作能力的影響因素研究[J]．外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究，1999(4)．

[6]彭勤．從語(yǔ)法方面談大學(xué)的英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)[J]．內(nèi)江科技，2007(11)．

Analysis of college students English level Four writing status

and writing strategies

Abstract: This paper analyzes college students' English level Four writing appearing in the problem statement and analysis.And then propose solutions.Finally, the system to improve the English level Four writing strategies from the whole paper.Key words:university English level Four, Problems in writing，writing method

第三篇：英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)寫作

《英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)寫作》第一次作業(yè)

1.Say something about the occupations of you yourself and your family members.Do you like your job? What about your family member? Why did you and your family member choose the present job or jobs?(30%)

I am working as a part-time English tour guide, as I am currently a university student majoring in English.Both my parents are teachers working in a senior high school in Beijing.I like my current job, though it is an arduous work, as I sometimes I have to work until mid-night.Even so, I never complain about it, as I help so many foreign tourists to understand the culture of China.My parents, of course, like their job, as many of their students have been cultivated and become talents of China.Each year, some of my parents’ students write letters to my parents thanking them for the years’ unselfish help in their learning.My parents, and I have enjoyed so much in whatever we are doing in our jobs, so, there is no reason to quit or change our careers.Don’t you think so?

------------------------

第四篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)寫作

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)寫作

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)幾種常用文體

1.書信作文：

事務(wù)信函（business letter）和私人信函（personal letter）

2.應(yīng)用文：

便條（病假條，事假條，邀友來(lái)訪，借物，訂票，留言），請(qǐng)柬，單據(jù)，啟示，海報(bào)，通知（凌茜p110）

3.圖表作文：

? 常考查的圖：餠型圖，曲線圖，條形圖，數(shù)據(jù)圖

? 圖表作文常用的展開(kāi)模式

? 圖表作文常用的表達(dá)方式

? 圖表作文常用的句型

? 范文分析

(是文濤p91)

4.留學(xué)申請(qǐng)寫作

? 個(gè)人陳述Personal Statements

? 推薦信 Letters of Recommendation

? 簡(jiǎn)歷resumes

? 與外國(guó)大學(xué)的聯(lián)系信及自述信和簽證申訴信

5.CET4，CET6寫作

? 寫作要求，命題規(guī)律及評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

? 主題句

? 段落展開(kāi)：列舉法，對(duì)照法，因果推理法，分類法，舉例法，綜合法

? 語(yǔ)篇：結(jié)構(gòu)模式和銜接方法

? CET4,CET6作文分類講解及范文分析：

論說(shuō)文的結(jié)構(gòu)

論說(shuō)文的類型

(是文濤p91)

6.學(xué)術(shù)交流英語(yǔ)

? SCI 寫作規(guī)范

? Research report and essay

教學(xué)安排

十一周：概況

十二周：書信作文，應(yīng)用文

十三——十七周：CET4作文，圖表作文及練習(xí)

十八周：留學(xué)申請(qǐng)寫作

十九周：學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)，考試

CET4，CET6寫作

一． 語(yǔ)段

1.語(yǔ)段的結(jié)構(gòu)：

Developing Sentence 1(擴(kuò)展句)

Topic sentence(主題句)----Developing Sentence 2(擴(kuò)展句)----Terminator(結(jié)論句)Developing Sentence 3(擴(kuò)展句)

2.寫好主題句

一個(gè)好的主題句必須滿足以下基本特征：

? 高度的概括性

? 主題思想表達(dá)明確

? 能使讀者預(yù)測(cè)其段落的發(fā)展方式

? 一般應(yīng)該是一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，想法或意見(jiàn)等

分析下列的例子：

1）It is very necessary to be a good university students.(議論主題句)

2）There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student.(說(shuō)明體的主題句)

3）What I will do in the future is the following.(描述體的主題句)

根據(jù)要求寫出主題句

1）Please write about Study Habits

2）Please write about College Life

3）Please write about Your hobby

擴(kuò)展下列主題句

例如這樣的一篇作文：Good Health

a.Importance of good health

b.Ways to keep fit

c.My own practice(是P59)

3.段落展開(kāi)

主題句是陳述段落的中心思想。因此，段落的展開(kāi)（paragraph development）也就是主題句的展開(kāi)。展開(kāi)的方式有多種，如：列舉法，對(duì)照法，因果推理法，分類法，舉例法，綜合法等。

列舉法常用詞語(yǔ)：first/second/third/last;firstly/secondly/finally;to begin with/to start with/inthefirstplace/then/next/in addition to/besides/also/moreover/furthermore/what’s more

以下有3篇短文的題目，請(qǐng)用順序排列法的發(fā)展方式完成，每篇要求80字左右： a.Many people now prefer to live in the countryside.The main reasons are… b.Watching TV at home is better than going out to a movie

c.Chatting on line has brought many problems into people’s life

Making a good impression at an American dinner party is not difficult if you

Follow these instructions.First, you should buy a small gift, such as flowers, candy, or wine for your host or hostess.Second, arrive on time.If the dinner engagement is for 7:00, don’t arrive after 7:00 without telephone.Next, during dinner, be sure to thank your host orhostess on the meal.After you finishing eating, you should not stay more than a few hours.Finally, thank your host or hostess for the dinner when you leave.比較對(duì)照法常用連接詞（transitions for Comparison and Contrast）

Similar to;like;different from;compared with;unlike;more… than…

以下有2篇短文的題目，請(qǐng)用比較對(duì)照法的發(fā)展方式完成，每篇要求80字左右： a.Advantages and disavantages of living on your own and living with your family b.Life in the city is quite different from life in the suburbs

因果推理法

表結(jié)果的連接詞：as a result;thus;hence;accordingly;therefore;consequently;then;so;

表原因的連接詞：because;for;as;since;owing to

以下有2篇短文的題目，請(qǐng)用因果推理法的發(fā)展方式完成，每篇要求80字左右： a.Migrant workers enter big cities

b.Land shortage in China

分類法

常用的分類表達(dá)形式有：divide A into… classify A into… group A into… There are…kinds(groups, categories, sorts, types, classes, sections)

請(qǐng)用分類法的發(fā)展方式完成下列題目，每篇要求80字左右：

Write about the different kinds of universities and colleges in China.Suggested words:

Leading university, provincial key university, local college, comprehensive, science and engineering, foreign language, humanities, public, private.舉例法

常用的引出例證的詞有：for example, for instance, for another example, one example is … another example is… to illustrate.以下有2篇短文的題目，請(qǐng)用舉例法的發(fā)展方式完成，每篇要求80字左右： a.Give one or two examples to show the conveniences the modern communication

means have brought to us.b.Give some examples to prove the saying “Haste makes waste” in English language learning.綜合法

綜合使用兩種或兩種以上寫擴(kuò)展句的方法，稱為綜合法。

以下這段使用了定義，例證，對(duì)比和比較等方法。

Synonyms, words that have the same basic meaning, do not always have the same emotional meaning, For example, the words “stingy” and “frugal” both mean “careful with money.” However, to call a person stingy is an insult, while the word

frugal has a much more positive connotation.Similarly, a person wants to be slender but not skinny, and aggressive but not pussy.Therefore, you should careful in choosing words because many so-called synonyms are not really synonymous at all.運(yùn)用綜合法將下列主題句發(fā)展成80字以上短文：

a.Computer are playing an important role in modern education.b.People in different cultures can communicate with each other.c.I don’t think that examination can determine everything.4.擴(kuò)展段的承啟方式(ling P8)

擴(kuò)展段是主題句的延伸，是作文的主體部分，必須緊扣作文主題。一段由一個(gè)以上的段落組成，即使只有一個(gè)段落，也應(yīng)該比開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾部分長(zhǎng)，否則將失去平衡。主體段落分別論述文章中心主題的某個(gè)方面，每個(gè)段落的主題必須欲文章的主題相呼應(yīng)，每個(gè)段落都必須保持文章的整體性和連貫性。

（1.）以“舉例式”展開(kāi)段落

Laying-off also bring us some advantages.For example, when a company lays off a number of people, it means that the company will get more profits than ever.As another instance, if a laid-off worker wants to get a newjob, he ought to learn some kind of skill for future use.This action will pave the way for success in another.（2.）以“因果式”展開(kāi)段落

There are two major reason for the change in people’s diet.For one thing, with the improvement in the living standard, people can afford to buy much more expensive food with better nutrition.For another, people now pay more attention to the quality of diet, because they know it is of great benefit to their health to diet in a scientific way.Therefore, they try their best to improve the structure their food.（3.）以“遞進(jìn)式”展開(kāi)段落

I don’t teach because teaching is not easy for me.Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways.Nor do I teach bebecause I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.In the first place, I teach because I like the pace of the acdemic calendar, which offers an opportunity for reflection, research and writing.Besides, I teach because teaching is a profession built on change.Moreover, I teach because I can ask questions that students struggle to answer.What’s more, I teach because I can find ways of getting myself and students out of the ivory tower into the real society.（4.）以“列舉式”展開(kāi)段落

Traveling benefits us in many ways.First, it is instructive.People can learn a lot about the culture and history of the place they visit.Second, it offers fun.Career people are tired of pressures brought by the quickening pace of modern life.By seeing the beautiful landscape of our motherland and our countries, we get relaxed.Third, traveling offers challenge and opportunities of cultivating good character, such as independence, courage and strong-mindeness.So more and morepeople are going out to visit the world.（5.）以“比較式”展開(kāi)段落

（6.）以“對(duì)照式”展開(kāi)段落

（7.）以“時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞式”展開(kāi)段落

The Effects of Exercise on Our Health（分析建議類）

? 1分析體育鍛煉給我們帶來(lái)的益處。

? 2.分析體育鍛煉給我們帶來(lái)的壞處。

? 3.給出如何參加體育鍛煉的建議。

1)As is known to all, exercise does bring a lot of benefits to our health.2)First, it can greatly strengthen our hearts, lungs, bones and muscles,thereby changing our whole health for the better.3)Besides, it can make

our brains better able to react to what is going on around us.4)And best

of all, it can help us breed optimism about our tough life

5)But all the above does not mean that we can turn a blind eye to the

negative effects exercise brings about.6)If you are normally inactive and then, contrary to your usual habit, start a program of undue exercise, as a succession of scientific

studies reveals, there are more chances that you have yourself injured.7)In addition, the more exercise those on a fat-reducing diet take, the more

loss of iron they will suffer and the worse their health will get.8)And

worst of all, continual as well as excessive exercise can result in sudden death.9)Therefore, a scientific approach must be adopted to the problem of exercise.10)On the one hand, our physical exercise must be based on both progressiveness and regularity.11)On the other, we must go in for physical exercise according to local as well as health conditions of our own.12)In sum, exercise can do us good or harm, all depending on how we make use of it.With the rapid improvement of people’s living standard, in cities, many people tend to raise pets.Some people claim that pets such as dogs are dirty and dangerous.They say that raising pets should be banned in urban areas.However, personally I think the merits of raising pets outweigh its demerits.Firstly, pets like dogs can be a guard for us.As we know, dogs have the natural ability to keep the house of its owners safe.They can send out warning to those burglars who attempt to break into the house, and sometimes even fight against them.Dogs are people’s honest friends.Secondly, pets like dogs are good fellows of people.Accompanied by a dog, old people do not feel lonely.Also children are pleased while playing with pets.They can learn how to look after others by raising pets.To sum up, Pets give us much happiness.I would say that the benefits of raising pets carry more weight than the harms of it.I also wish to suggest that the owners should take much care of their pets.With the rapid improvement of people’s living standard, in cities, many people tend to raise pets.Some people claim that pets such as dogs are dirty and dangerous.They say that raising pets should be banned in urban areas.However, personally I think the merits of raising pets outweigh its demerits.Firstly, pets like dogs can be a guard for us.As we know, dogs have the natural ability to keep the house of its owners safe.They can send out warning to those burglars who attempt to break into the house, and sometimes even fight against them.Dogs are people’s honest friends.Secondly, pets like dogs are good fellows of people.Accompanied by a dog, old people do not feel lonely.Moreover,some young women usually keep their favorite pets to show off their wealth.Also children are pleased while playing with pets.They can learn how to look after others by raising pets.On the other hand, the critics decry that pets like dogs are dangerous to people, especially to children.They point out that many people have the experience of being bitten by dogs.But I believe that it is not the responsibility of dogs.Indeed, it is the duty of their owners who deliberately train their dogs to attack people.As for the dirtiness of the dogs, the owners should also take the responsibily, because they are too lazy to give baths to the dogs.To sum up, Pets give us much happiness.I would say that the benefits of raising pets carry more weight than the harms of it.I also wish to suggest that the owners should take much care of their pets.

第五篇：英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)寫作朗讀短文

英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)寫作朗讀短文

1.Spring Spring is a delightful season.The temperatures are moderate, and the blooming trees and flowers make the city bright with colors.This is the time when we can begin to wear lighter and more brightly colored clothes and go outdoors more often.Smaller children like to bring their kites out to the spacious square.Also I enjoy going back to the village on this holiday after being in the city for the winter months.2.Summer Summer is the great season for all sports in the open air.It is the season for football which is often called the national sport because of its popularity.I usually watch television and read the newspaper reports about the football results of the little leagues.During the summer I like to go to the beach often because it is very close to my home.I usually go there during the summer vacation to relax after many months in school in the city.I feel very comfortable with the familiar quiet life of the villagers.3.Autumn For me the autumn or fall starts in September when school starts its new

term.I usually do some shopping.The mild weather made it very nice to study outside under the trees in a small park close to my house.I like to look up the leaves changing colors from green to red and yellow, and then brown colors.The park also has many bright fall flowers;sometimes I see a small squirrel coming down from the tree to hunt for food on the ground.On the weekends, I sometimes like to fly my kite.Usually on the street corners you can see street peddlers selling warm baked sweet potatoes.This is a nice time of the year.4.Winter Winter is very cold and windy in most parts of China.I usually look forward to the Spring Festival and the winter holiday when I can go to the south where the climate is warmer during these holidays.Also, I look forward to seeing my grandparents and my friends.Winter is the time everyone is in a festive mood.In the city, I usually do a lot of reading at home in the winter because of eh cold weather outside.5.My Career Plan During my high school years, I have found chemistry, physics, and mathematics interesting.Actually, I am interested in many subjects such as history, and English.But somehow I cannot remember the historical events or the facts in detail.I cannot remember English words well, either.On the other hand, chemistry, physics, and mathematics are easy for me because they seem logical to me.After considering my interests and talents I feel that science or engineering might be the best choice for my career.I would like to study science or engineering in college.After graduation from college I hope to go for higher education overseas.Eventually I would like to return to school to teach.This is my career plan.6.What do You Want to Be When You Grow Up? This question and another similar question, “Have you decided what you will do after you finish school?” were among the most common questions people often asked me when I was a small child and then a student in school.Choosing the right career is very important.For this reason we should try to find out what our talents and interests are and how we can use them.There are many careers open to each of us.Many persons find their place in government service, and many others may be interested in going into the business world.Teaching, newspaper works, medicine, engineering, science--these and many other fields offer fascinating careers to persons with talent and training.7.My Friend John is the most diligent student in our class.He is one of my friends.As

a matter of fact, he gets along with his classmates.He might spend just five to ten minutes talking to you once in a long while, but he talks with enthusiasm and energy, and he likes to share his thinking and ideas with you.He is honest;he does not like to waste his time and energy.He never appears sleepy and tired in the classroom.He always hands in homework on time and also does well in his examinations, yet he has time practicing playing football and his violin skill.I admire him.I hope I can be as diligent as he is;John is persistent, attentive, and energetic.8.Learning—A Lifelong Career

As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind.Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food.Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity.Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment.Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age.Learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave.With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind.Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind.Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career.9.Perseverance 堅(jiān)持不懈

Perseverance is the golden key to being successful in anything you do.Perseverance overcomes almost everything.When you fall, perseverance tells you to get up.When you are defeated, perseverance tells you to try again.When you feel like quitting, perseverance doesn?t let you.If at first you don?t succeed, try, try, try again.There lies the secret to being a winner.10.Adversity Is an Advantage Prosperity is a great teacher;adversity a greater.We can always learn more from challenging times than from good times.Adversity is the catalyst that forces us to stretch.It propels us to find solutions to problems we never would have considered if not for adversity.Adversity can provide the fuel that sparks new strengths we didn't realize we had with in us.How we cope with adversity is also a learning experience.There are times in all of our lives where we have handled adversity well, and times where we have not.Next time adversity strikes, remember, you can use it to your advantage by learning from it.11.Make Every Day Count 讓每天過(guò)得有意義

Make every day count.Appreciate every moment and take from every event all those truths you can possibly manage, for you may never be able to experience it again.Talk with people you have never talked with before and this time, actually listen.Let yourself fall in love, break free and set your sights high.Hold your head aloft because you have earned that right.Instruct yourself to be a great individual and believe in that self, for if you don?t believe in yourself, it will be impossible for others to believe in you.You can make of yourself anything you wish.Create your destiny and then go out and live it with absolutely no regrets.12.What can education bring us？

What can education bring us？ Is “high mark” the real destiny of education？ As researchers and scholars are investigating this subject，the accurate definition of education begins to have slight difference from what was in people?s mind before.Education，the bridge between teachers and students，the mediator between individual and society，means more than knowledge transmit，but being a wholly developed person in the society.First，education brings us basic knowledge and skill to survive.From primary school on，students learn subjects like Maths，Physics，English，or in other words，academic subjects to gain the initial

knowledge of the nature and world，which are extremely useful for our future career.Upon this，students also learn skills like sewing，cooking，and mending bicycles，which help them a lot in their future family life.To this extend，education provided us with fundamental concepts of living.Second，education can cultivate our sentiment.Apart from academic subjects，art subjects such as music and art seems more interesting toward students.From these subjects，one can enjoy the pleasure of listening to music，try to guess a composer?s emotion when writing a music chapter，or understand the meaning of a piece of drawing，from which process they themselves are edified and assimilated，and finally have their own clear opinion on what is beauty.Third，education makes an individual adapted to the society.Being innocent and naive，young people always find it hard to immerge into the complicated environment，and feel frustrated.Through education like communication skills，students may know the essence of getting on with other people.This kind of education influences our personality and views everyone as a whole individual in the big family of society.Above all，knowledge，emotion，and personality form the most important part of the content of education.The aim of education is to teach a per son become a completely developed individual.13.Economic progress is one way to measure a country's success.But

some people think other factors are also important.What are the other factors? Which factor is the most important one?(1)As a key factor in social development, economic progress has attracted full attention of policy makers in most countries of the world.However, some people suggest there are other factors that are as important as economic progress.This essay will focus on other aspects of the society that should be taken into consideration while measuring a country?s success.(2)First and foremost, the success of a country is ultimately reflected by the well-being of the people.It is true that the growth of total social wealth leads to better lives for average people in general, but we cannot deny the fact that in some countries, wealth accumulates much faster in upper classes than in the working class.Sometimes, the gap is so wide that the poor ones actually become poorer with the currency inflation that appears along with economic growth.In other words, to ensure the healthy development of the society, economic progress should benefit everyone with a scientific distribution system.(3)Besides, the success of a country relies on the all-round development of its younger generations.The cutting-edge scientific progress laying the path to a promising future is mostly driven by well-educated and innovative young people.For example, Mark Zackerburg, the founder of

Facebook, successfully altered the online behaviour of hundreds and millions of netizens and made unprecedented contribution to the network industry.It is similar in other industries, which urges for better education and opportunities for each one.(4)Last but not the least, a country should spare no effort to preserve its culture and traditions.For a nation, the culture identity and shared value system are essential to social stability.Only in a stable environment can the society thrive and provide sufficient space for the freedom of self-development for everyone.(5)In conclusion, other than economic growth, the success of a country depends on various factors, among which the balanced development of all social classes plays the most important role.14.In most cities and towns, the high volume of road traffic has become a serious problem.What are the causes of this situation? What actions can be taken to solve the problem?(1)With the ever-increasing speed of urban development, the volume of road traffic in most cities and towns has grown out of control.During the rush hour, buses and private cars are always trapped in the traffic congestion where people waste hours every day just because of the poor road condition.This essay will explore the causes of this situation and some possible actions that can be taken to solve this problem.(2)To start with, the increasing number of private cars is the main cause of traffic jams.With the fast development of social economy, more citizens are able to afford private cars, which bring them great convenience.Instead of taking the sardine-packed buses or the metro to work, people now have the option to commute in their own cars.However, this new trend inevitably worsens the traffic.(3)Another major cause of the high traffic volume is the over-population in large cities.Offering much more job opportunities with better career development, metropolises such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou have attracted millions of people from other parts of the country.Unfortunately, the public transportation systems in the cities are comparatively under-developed and cannot support the booming population, which naturally results in the traffic problem.(4)In order to alleviate the pressure on road traffic in towns and cities, the following suggestions should be taken into consideration.First of all, the government can discourage the citizens from owing and driving private cars by charging higher fees.In the meantime, the public transportation system should be upgraded so as to increase the total capacity.Moreover, the government can encourage the citizens to take buses or the metro to work by lowering the ticket prices.(5)In conclusion, the over-crowding of city roads is the result of unbalanced urban development, which can be solved with the joint efforts

of both the government and the average citizens.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.15.Some parents would like choosing a career for their children,what is your opinion about this?Why? You should write at least 250 words.You should use your own ideas of knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.Parents generally believe it is their responsibility to plan the careers for their children.They claim that they know their children well enough to decide what kind of job suits them.Hoping that their children will go in for professions that will bring them the greatest prestige and economic benefit, many parents think that their children are too young to see this for themselves.There are some parents who even expect their children to take over the careers of their fathers.For these reasons, many parents insist that their children should obey them in choosing careers.But many children suggest that they should be left free to choose their own careers.For one thing, parents and children may not share the same interest.A job that appeals is likely to be boring for their children.For another, children have been brought up in a different age from their parents?, and therefore, should be allowed to cultivate a spirit of independence and self-reliance.In short, children should be free to make their own decisions as to future careers.In my opinion, in this case as in many other things, mutual understanding is important.On the one hand, parents? view does reflect their concern for the well-being of their children.On the other hand, after all it is the children who will be doing the jobs.Therefore, it will be wise for parents to give them this freedom while for the children they should consult their parents when it is necessary.(249 words).