第一篇：英語翻譯總結

英語翻譯總結

Unit 1 passageA 1.自從有了移動電話后，他再也沒有給朋友寫信了。(no longer)Answer:He has no longer written to his friends ever since he got a mobile phone.2.盡管很忙，他每天至少花兩小時上網(surf the Internet)，了解這個領域的最新動態。(even though)

Answer:Even though he is very busy, he spends at least two hours every day surfing the Internet in order to know about the latest developments in this field.3.李教授在畢業典禮上作了一個簡短的講話，他的話深深銘刻在我的記憶中。(impress upon)

Answer:Professor Li gave a short speech at the commencement.His words were / What he said was strongly impressed upon my memory.4.講到期末考試，學生們一點兒都不緊張，他們滿臉都是自信。(confidence)Answer:Talking of the final exams, the students were not nervous at all.There was full confidence on every one's face.5.在30分鐘內寫出一篇約100個詞的短文，對于他們班大多數學生來說不過是小菜一碟。(snap)

Answer:To write a short passage of about 100 words in 30 minutes would be a snap to most students in their class.1.在接待室外面，一群求職者圍著接待人員詢問幾分鐘后就要開始的面試情況。1 Outside the reception room, a group of job hunters huddled around the receptionist, asking about the interview due to begin in a few minutes.2.她的工作經歷給了她自信，她感到已準備好，能在這家大公司找到一份工作。2 With all this assurance of her working experiences she felt ready and able to find a job in the big company.3.當看到子女們在入口處出現時，家長們臉上的笑容更加燦爛了。3 The parents' smiles broadened as they noted that their sons and daughters appeared at the entrance.4.我只是想讓你記住，盡管你的論文可能通過了，但還有一些語法錯誤要修改4 I just want to impress upon you that even though your thesis 1

may pass, there are still some grammatical mistakes to be corrected.5.歲月已經模糊了那位醫生的面貌，但卻沖淡不了她對病人的關愛。5 The years have obscured the face of the doctor, but not her kindness towards the patients.PassageB 1.我發覺自己對英語口語有著濃厚的興趣。(find...doing)

Answer:I've found myself having great interest in spoken English.2.驅車行駛在高速公路上，我意識到近幾年來，中國的公路系統發生了巨大的變化。(realize;enormous)

Answer:Driving on the highway, I realized that enormous changes had taken place in China's highway system in recent years.3.我簡直不敢相信他這么快就學會了操作計算機。(can hardly believe;work)

Answer:I can hardly believe that he has learned how to work a computer so quickly / in such a short time.4.三年的時光已經過去，這一刻終于來臨了：不到兩周我就要回國了。(in less than)

Answer:Three years has passed, and the final moment has come.In less than two weeks, I will return home / go back to my country.5.許多我認識的人都迫不及待地想要出國，而我卻寧愿和家人一起呆在國內。(can't wait)

Answer:I know a lot of people who can't wait to go abroad, but I prefer to stay with my family in my own country.Unit2 PassageA 1.他的生活經歷在他的學術生涯(academic career)中一直扮演著一個重要角色。(play a role in)

Answer:His life experiences have always been playing an big role in his academic career.2.那家餐廳最近已經延長了營業時間。(extend)

Answer:The restaurant has recently extended its opening hours / business hours.3.我剛剛讀完一本從一種新的視角研究莎士比亞(Shakespeare)的有趣的書。(approach)

Answer:I've just read an interesting book which has a new approach to Shakespeare.4.隨著電子郵件的廣泛應用，垃圾郵件(spam / junk email)問題已引人們的極大關注。(issue /problem, draw much concern)

Answer:With the wide use of email, the issue of spam has drawn much concern.5.傳統教育比起網絡教育來對于學生和教師之間的交流和互動有著更多的限制。(communication and interaction, limitation)

Answer:In traditional / conventional education there are more limitations on communication and interaction between teachers and students than there are in online education.1.我們組織這次活動，是為了讓大家都能在輕松的氛圍中探討這項計劃，同時也是為了創造機會讓大家相互之間更加熟悉，增進友誼。1 We organized this activity because we'd like everybody to be able to discuss the plan in a relaxing atmosphere, and at the same time get to know and make friends with each other.2.這臺機器不僅是復印機，而且是打印機。2 This machine is not only a copier but also a printer.3.就在不久前，每到傍晚工人下班經過時，這里都是一個熱鬧的市場，可是現在汽車改線了，就沒有集市了。3 Not long ago there used to be a noisy marketplace here every evening when the workers went home from work, but now the bus has changed its route and the marketplace is no longer here.4.你的未來在很大程度上取決于你的能力，而一次考試的好壞并不很重要。4 Your future depends heavily on your abilities while how well you do at one exam is of little importance.5.在我看來，他的道歉太不夠了。5 In my opinion , his apology is simply inadequate.PassageB 1.誰是誰非昭然若揭，吉姆無意和他爭論。(have a intention of doing / to do)Answer:Jim had no intention of arguing / to argue with him, since it's obvious who was right and who was wrong.2.令人驚訝的是，那次與威爾遜教授的偶然相識(chance meeting)，后來居然給了我一個機會去他們學校作交流生(exchange student)。(afford an opportunity

Answer:To my surprise, it was the chance meeting with Prof.Wilson that later on afforded me an opportunity to study at his university as an exchange student.3.學校將延長圖書館和教室的開放時間，盡量滿足學生的需要。(meet the needs)Answer:Our university will extend the opening hours of the library and the classrooms to meet the students' needs at the highest possible level.4.信息技術的發展已經開始對社會生活的各個方面(aspect)產生深遠的(profound)影響。(have effect on)Answer:The development of information technology has begun to have profound effects on all aspects of social life.5.憑他的英語水平，在這次校級(university-wide)英語演講比賽中他將有上佳的表現，對此我們沒有疑問。(have no doubt)

Answer:We have no doubt that, with his high level of English, he will surely have an excellent performance in the university-wide English speech contest.Unit3 PassageA 1.這鋼琴有些不對勁，但是我無法說清楚。(put one's finger on)

Answer:Something is wrong with the piano, but I can't put my finger on what it is.2.這條褲子不但太大，而且也與我的夾克不相配。(apart from)

Answer:Apart from being too large, the trousers don't match my jacket, either.3.不論理由是什么，反正我喜歡流行音樂。(whatever)Answer:I love pop music, for whatever reasons.4.他對外國文化懷有濃厚的興趣，經常博覽群書以尋找有用的信息。(browse through)

Answer:He has great interest in foreign cultures, often browsing through piles of books to look for any useful information.5.在是否要創辦一個新社團的問題上，我們意見很不一致。(vary)

Answer:Opinions on whether we should open up a new society vary a great deal.1.明天不論你想去野餐還是購物，你今晚首先應該完成你今晚的閱讀作業。1 Whether you want to go on a picnic or go shopping tomorrow, the first thing you should do is finish your reading assignments this evening.2.你也許寧愿通過互聯網搜索信息，成為好書俱樂部或類似俱樂部的成員，并在網上閱讀任何一本似乎有趣的書。2 You may prefer to search for information via the Internet, being a member of the GOODBOOK Club or something and reading online whichever of the books seems interesting.3.平日的功課常常很累人，因此周末時我們很有必要放松一下。3.Schoolwork on weekdays is often tiring and it is necessary for us to relax on weekends.4.當新生開始了他們認為應該很浪漫的校園生活時，失望幾乎不可避免。4 When newcomers start their campus life which is supposed to be romantic, disappointment is almost inevitable.5.有了這些設施，我們大家倒真是都有東西可以玩了。5 With all these facilities, there is really something for everyone to enjoy.PassageB 1.要去那座島，除了搭船以外，別無他法。(other than)Answer:You can't get to the island other than by boat.2.有些學生瘋狂地迷戀流行音樂，而另外一些人則更喜歡經典音樂(classical)。(while)Answer:Some students are crazy about pop music while others prefer classical music.3.傳媒(media)在引領時尚方面正起著越來越重要的作用。(play a...role)Answer:The media are playing an increasing role in leading clothing fashions.4.我千方百計想弄到一張他新發行(issue)的唱片(album)，卻未能如愿。(try every means)Answer:I tried every means to get a copy of his newly issued album, but failed.5.要是沒有朋友的鼓勵和幫助，我可能已經輟學了。(If...not / Without)Answer:Without the encouragement and help of my friends, I would have quit school.Unit4 PassageA 1.我已經把我的簡歷和附函傳真給了那家公司，但尚未收到回復。(resume, cover letter, fax)Answer:I have faxed my resume and a cover letter to that company, but I haven't received a reply yet.2.當別人遇到困難時，約翰會毫不猶豫地提供幫助。(not hesitate for a second)Answer:John will not hesitate for a second to offer help when others are in trouble.3.我得承認我很想到國外工作和學習一段時間，但我知道要拿到簽證不容易。(admit, abroad, visa)Answer:I have to admit that I desire very much to work or study abroad for some time but I know it is not easy to get a visa.4.他到倫敦2年后才在一家國際銀行找到一份工作。(It was not until...that...)Answer:It was not until 2 years after he arrived in London that he found / took a job in an international bank.5.湯姆完成他的教學工作后，在中國周游了2個月才回到美國的家。(travel throughout, before)

Answer:After finishing his teaching, Tom traveled throughout China for 2 months before returning home in America.1.由于報酬和工作環境之故，在提供給我的三份工作中，我選擇了此份工作。1 Of the three jobs available / offered, I chose this one because of the pay and the working condition.2.直到畢業６個月后，我才找到了第一份工作，到一家電腦公司上班了。2 It wasn’t until 6 months after my graduation that I found my first job and went to work in a computer company.3.我最擔心的是第二天的求職面試，因為我準備得尚不充分，我還需要多做些準備。3 I was most scared about the next day’s job interview since I was not well prepared and I needed to do more homework / preparation.4.我就職的那所大學位于一處美麗的風景地，距離湘江兩英里。4 The university I work at is in a beautiful, scenic spot located two miles from the Xiang River.5.鍛煉身體好處多多，其一，幫你減肥；其二，還幫你防病；其三，天天鍛煉會讓你身體結實又健康.5 Exercise has many advantages.For one, it helps you to lose weight.Secondly, it helps prevent disease.Thirdly, exercising everyday keeps you fit and strong.PassageB 1.這是大學一年級新生第一次聽美國教授的講座，他們在頭20分鐘里聽不太懂他在說什么。(have trouble doing sth.)Answer:It was the first time for the freshmen to attend an American professor's lecture, and they had trouble understanding what he was talking about for the first twenty minutes.2.還剩10分鐘，既然你已經做完考題，也可以現在交卷。(now that)Answer:There are still ten minutes left.Now that you have finished your test you may hand it in now.3.為了不傷害任何人的感情，他們花了近3個月的時間才作出最后決定。(it took...before)Answer:It took them nearly three months before they made their final decisions without hurting anybody's feelings.4.要趕上世界先進科學技術，中國大學生在畢業前至少應學好一門外語。(it is appropriate..., keep up with)Answer:It is appropriate for Chinese college students to learn at least one foreign language before they graduate so that they can keep up with the world advanced science and technology.5.史密斯先生是一個勤奮的電影導演，同時也是一個有責任心的父親。(at the same time)

Answer:Mr.Smith was a hard-working movie director and at the same time he was a responsible father.Unit5

PassageA 1.這些觀眾一定是錯過了看他們的音樂演出，否則他們會給予高度評價的。(must have done, speak highly of)Answer:The audience must have missed their musical performance, or they would have spoken highly of it.2.盡管她遠在他鄉，不知怎么她總能感覺到母親的深切關懷。(somehow, sense)Answer:Somehow she could sense her mother's deep concern though she was far away from home.3.這位接線員每天從家里到工作地點路上要花兩個小時左右。(spend, or so)Answer:The operator had to spend two hours or so on her way from her home to the workplace every day.4.他感激她的同情和理解，因為在當時對他來說這意味著許多。(appreciate)Answer:He appreciated her sympathy and understanding, which meant a lot to him during that time.5.她終于來到電話亭，投入硬幣后便開始往巴黎撥打電話。(finally, dial)Answer:She finally arrived at a telephone booth and put in the coins before dialing Paris.1.為什么有些雇員如此努力地工作 , 卻在第一個三個月結束前就被解雇了?1 Why is it that some employees should work so hard, only to be laid off at the end of the first three months? 2.因為你是我的朋友，我會很樂意幫你學英語。2 I can readily help you with your English, now that you are my friend.3.進房間時，我的疼痛一定很明顯，因為我遇到的第一個人問我“你還好嗎？”3 My pain must have been obvious when I entered the room, for the first person I met asked me “Are you OK?”

4.到了老年時，那些對大學美好時光的回憶從未真正地從腦海中消退。4 As he grew into old age, the memories of those good days in college never really left him.5.這個加拿大年輕人本不打算在中國待很長時間，但他卻愛上了一位中國姑娘并且和她結了婚

My pain must have been obvious when I entered the room, for the first person I met asked me “Are you OK?” 5 The Canadian young man hadn’t expected to stay in China for long but he fell in love with a Chinese girl and married her.

第二篇：英語翻譯總結

Unit1

中譯英

1、為了方便起見，這些照片將按照時間順序展示。

For convenience, the photos will be shown in time sequence.2、出現事故后你要把車停下。

You are required to stop your car after an accident.3、教育孩子的觀念和做法因文化的差異而有所不同。

The conceptions and practices of child education vary from culture to culture.4、與其說他是為音樂家，倒不如說他是位詩人。

He is more of a poet than a musician.5、我父親已好心地提出送我們去飛機場。

My father has kindly offered to take us to the airport.6、我們確實應該找個時間很快見面，討論一下細節。

We really should meet sometime soon to discuss the details.英譯中

1、It seems ages since we heard from you—and even longer since you went to work in China.似乎很長時間沒有收到你的來信了，從你到中國時算起，到現在就更久了。

2、So I am writing straightaway—to make sure this reaches you well before you leave

Shanghai—in the hope that it will be possible for you both to spend a few days with us during your stay in England.所以我馬上寫信——好讓你離開上海之前肯定能收到這封信——希望你們倆在英格蘭逗留期間能和我們一起住幾天。

3、We shall be having two other friends of ours staying with us over the New Year weekend, and

it would be nice if you could come then, too.我們還有兩個朋友和我們一起度新年的周末，所以，到時候你也能來的話就太好了。

4、And if we get some decent weather, we might all go off one day and visit the Carters—I’m

sure we can get Uncle Arthur to lend us his minibus.而且如果我們遇上好天氣的話，我們可以找一天一起出去拜訪卡特一家——我們一定可以讓阿瑟叔叔把他的面包車借給我們。

5、Mary is well and still enjoying her school teaching(at least, I think so);the children are

growing up at a terrifying rate;I am still working for Sanderson’s and liking it well enough—though occasionally pinning for the footloose days of long ago.瑪麗很好而且很喜歡她的教學工作（至少我這樣認為）；孩子們長得飛快；我還在桑德森公司工作，而且工作很稱心——雖然偶爾我也會渴望從前自由自在的日子。

Unit 2

中譯英

1、他們通過舞蹈手段講述了那個故事。

They told the story through the medium of dance.2、氣溫將在周末急劇上升到80°F 左右。

The temperature will increase greatly into the eighty Fahrenheit over the weekend.3、我們在過去的幾個月里已經成功地加速了生產速度。

We have succeeded in speeding up the production rate in the last few months.4、貨款一付，貨物就會在你方便的時候運到。

Once the payment has been made, the goods will be delivered at your convenience.5、他們可以全面查閱公司的檔案。

They have complete access to the company’s files.6、這原先只是一間臥室，但是現在我們把它改成了書房。

Originally it was a bedroom, but we have turned it into a study now.英譯中

1、I find it very relaxing to spend an evening chatting with new friends.我發現，花上一個晚上于新朋友聊天是非常輕松的。

2、Something is wrong with the television—the picture’s gone fuzzy.電視機出了毛病——畫面有些模糊。

3、We should make allowances for bad weather and have enough of umbrellas available.我們應該考慮到惡劣的天氣，應該攜帶足夠的雨傘。

4、I’m thinking of traveling overseas in terms of the money needed.我在考慮明年到國外旅游所需的資金。

5、I’m well aware of the problems related to this new road—it runs right past my office.我完全意識到這條新路引起的問題——新路正好穿過我的辦公室的旁邊。

6、The fact that something is cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s of low quality.東西便宜并不一定就意味著質量不好。

Unit3

中譯英

1、請給家里打個電話，告訴他們我正在去公司的路上。

Please dial home and tell them I’m on the way to the company.2、從那時起生產就一直沒有倒退過。

Since then there has never been any setback in production.3、我看見他把鑰匙插入鎖中。

I saw him insert the key into the lock.4、我建議你把錢存入銀行。

I suggest that you make a deposit at the bank.5、昨天王先生結賬離開了那家旅館。

Yesterday Mr.Wang checked out from that hotel.英譯中

1、All phone numbers have seven digits, though letters and numbers are sometimes used in

combination.盡管有時是字母與數字混合使用，所有的電話號碼都是7位數字。

2、If you need a phone number that’s not in your phone book, call Directory Assistance。如果您要打的電話號碼在電話薄上沒有,可以給查詢臺打電話。

3、On operator-assisted calls , the operator will ask you to deposit more money before your time

is up.打由話務員轉接的電話，在通話時間用完之前話務員會提示您再投幣。

4、Businesses and professional services are listed in a special classified directory—the Yellow

Pages.公司企業和專業服務機構的電話號碼則列在特別的分類電話簿——黃頁中。

5、For example, New York City has one area code, but so does the whole state of Oregon.例如，紐約市有一個區號，但俄勒岡州全州也有一個區號。

6、This means that you can make the call again to the right number without having to pay more

money;or you can have the phone company mail you a credit coupon that has the same value as the phone call

這樣您不必多付錢就可以重撥電話號碼；或者您可以讓電話公司給您郵一張話費相當的信用卡優惠券。

Unit 4

中譯英

1、如遇緊急情況，請撥打報警電話110.In case of emergency, please dial the alarm number 110.2、在校外住的學生每天乘班車上學和回家。

The off-campus students go to and from school every day by school bus.3、給他安排房間前，接待員記下了他的姓名和身份證號碼。

The receptionist jotted down his name and ID number before arranging for his room.4、離開時請把空調關掉。

Upon departure, please turn off the air-conditioner.5、如果還有其他要求，請與客房經理聯系。

If you have any additional requests or needs, please contact the resident manager.英譯中

1、He paid little attention to the details of the plan.他沒有注意到計劃的細節。

2、Wherever you are in the world, you can chat with your friend on the Internet.無論你在世界什么地方，你都可以通過互聯網與朋友聊天。

3、They teamed up with another family to rent a house for the summer vacation.他們與另一家人合租了一棟房子在那里度暑假。

4、We are especially interested in those value-added projects.我們對那些能增值的項目特別感興趣。

5、Dickens was one of the world’s most famous and productive writers.狄更斯是世界著名的多產作家之一。

6、The founder of the hotel made a commitment to quality over 75 years ago.酒店的創辦人75年前對服務質量就做出了承諾。

7、I expect he will be able to cater for your particular needs.我期望他能滿足你的特殊需要。

8、We asked high school students to participate in an antidrug campaign.我們要求中學生參加一次反毒品活動。

Unit 5

中譯英

1、恐怕這些鞋子沒有你穿的尺寸。

I’m afraid these shoes are not available in your size.2、你能聞出這牛奶是否新鮮嗎。

Can you smell whether the milk is fresh or not?

3、當警察抓住他時，他正拿手搶對著他的經理。

He was caught by the policeman pointing a gun at his manager.4、杰克渴望在談判中取得成功。

Jack has a strong desire to succeed in the negotiation.5、你能保證把這臺電腦完好無損的還給我嗎？

Can you promise to return me the computer in good condition?

英譯中

1、It is with great pleasure that we have come together today to take in this joyous occasion with

this couple whom we love and respect so much.在這喜慶的時刻，我們聚集在一起參加今天的婚禮，共同為我們鐘愛和敬重的新人祝福。

2、But I think the radiance, the grace, the beauty of the bride, Jennifer, makes this special day

even more remarkable.不過我覺得新娘詹妮弗的光彩、高雅和美麗是今天這個特殊的日子更不尋常。

3、We have all experienced her thoughtfulness, her consideration, and her warmth, and know that

there is always a big smile on her face for her loved ones.我們都曾感受過她的體貼、周到和熱情。對她所愛的人，她的臉上總是綻出親切的微笑。

4、The younger children must be excited with the expectation of their own special time to come

sometime in the future.孩子們也會懷著對將來自己在這一特殊的時刻的期盼而興奮不已。

5、All your family and friends gathered here hope that today is the beginning of a wonderful

lifelong partnership with the lucky groom.歡聚在這兒的所有家人和朋友都希望今天是你也幸運的新郎結成終生伴侶的良好開端。

6、Please rise together with me in offering our sincere wishes that the coming years will be filled

with peace, joy, happiness, and love.請起立與我共同舉杯，讓我們衷心祝愿，未來的年月將充滿祥和、快樂、幸福和情愛。

Unit 6

中譯英

1、這位藝術家用這塊木頭雕了一塊裝飾品。

This artist carved a decoration out of this piece of wood.2、她的責任包括接電話和招呼來訪者。

Her responsibilities consist of answering the phone and greeting visitors.3、總共200人參觀了這座城堡。

A total of two hundred people visited the castle.4、這幢大樓里設有健身房和游泳池。

The building is equipped with a gymnasium and a swimming pool.5、星期六演出的票弄不到了。

There are no tickets available for Saturday’s performance.英譯中

1、He told me to get out, or something to that effect.他叫我滾出去，或是說了這一類的話。

2、At first he suspected the letter was a forgery, but on close inspection, it turned out to be genuine.開始他懷疑信是偽造的，但仔細檢查后發現是真的。

3、You can turn on your computer and go surfing on the web.你可以打開電腦，上網漫游。

4、It is the biggest real estate transaction in the city’s history.這是該城歷史上最大的一筆房產交易。

5、There is no charge for children under six.6歲以下兒童免費。

6、He questioned whether the government’s database was secure from hackers.他詢問政府的數據庫是否能免遭黑客的攻擊。

7、We were planning to go out, but ended up watching videos.我們本來計劃出去，但最終還是看了錄像。

8、The performance begins promptly at eight o’clock.演出八點準時開始。

9、I was browsing through a newspaper when I spotted your name.我正在瀏覽報紙，突然看到了你的名字。

10、Mom assured us that everything would be all right.媽媽向我們保證一切都會好的。

Unit 7

中譯英

1、那個建議在會上未引起多大興趣。

That proposal aroused little enthusiasm at the meeting.2、新來的軍官很快贏得了士兵的尊敬。

The new officer soon earned the respect of his soldiers.3、全村很快便人心惶惶了。

Fear spread quickly through the village.4、現在主席要向大會發表演講。

The chairman will now address the meeting.5、好教師總是鼓勵學生獨立思考。

Good teachers often encourage their students to think for themselves.6、我正想把實際發生的情況告訴他，但他打斷了我的話。

I was going to tell him what really happened, but he cut me short.7、孩子們急切地等著兒童劇開演。

The children were waiting expectantly for the pantomime to start.8、她退休到了佛羅里達，仍然過著忙碌的生活。

She retired to Florida and still led a busy life.英譯中

1、I can contribute a little to the fund.我可以為這一基金出一份力。

2、We’ll carry on the project in spite of the difficulties.盡管困難重重，我們將繼續進行這個項目。

3、He is responsible for the product development of his company.他負責公司的產品開發。

4、Clothes and food have been distributed to the earthquake-stricken area.衣服和食品已經分發給地震災區。

5、The employees strive to complete the annual target.員工們力爭完成目標。

6、They were unsure of who was to blame.他們吃不準該責備誰。

7、She served as an advisor to the company.她當過這家公司的顧問。

8、He counts Lucy as one of his close friends.他把露西當作自己親密的朋友。

9、All the members of the committee take turns acting as chairperson.委員會的所有成員輪流當主席。

10、Students hoped for more of a reward for their achievement than an announcement in the school paper.學生希望得到更多的獎賞，而不只是在校報上發布他們的成就。

Unit 8

中譯英

1、只要你做好準備，面試時你就會充滿自信。

You will be full of confidence during the interview as long as you are well prepared.2、這家商店向顧客允諾決不賣假貨。

The shop promised its customers that it would never sell fake goods, and sure enough it did so.3、由于他努力工作，最近他被提升為部門經理。

Because he is working hard, he has been promoted to the position of department manager.4、他受到他人的尊重，因為他有很輕的正義感。

He is respected by others because he has a strong sense of justice.5、湯姆叔叔在病中，所以我們現在不想讓他知道這個消息。

Because Uncle Tom is ill, we don’t want to let him in on the news right now.6、一個好的上司應當鼓勵他的助手坦率地發表意見。

A good boss should encourage his assistants to be outspoken in expressing their opinions.英譯中

1、From childhood, Stew Leonard remembered wanting to be somebody, wanting to be noticed

and appreciated.從孩提時代起，斯蒂.倫納德就立志要做一個有作為的人，成為引人注目、受人尊重的人。

2、Stew Leonard decided to redesign his dairy business to suit the changing times and his

personality.斯蒂.倫納德決定要重新打造他的牛奶生意，以適應時代的變化，并體現他個人的風格。

3、More than door-to-door service, Stew Leonard found out that customers wanted good milk

prices.斯蒂.倫納德發現，顧客希望的是牛奶的價格合理，而不是送貨上門。

4、As the business grew, he created more and more of a Disneyland Dairy Store where customers

might come and bring their children to be entertained.隨著生意的不斷擴大，他創造了越來越像迪斯尼樂園似的乳品店，顧客們可以帶孩子來這里玩樂。

5、To Stew Leonard, the distinction between a supermarket and amusement park is slight, and

not necessarily useful.斯蒂.倫納德認為，超級市場與娛樂園的區別是不大的，而區別不一定有益。

6、Mr.Leonard clearly has the most fun greeting customers, and most are delighted to see him.顯然，倫納德先生很樂于接待顧客，而大部分顧客也愿意見到他。

第三篇：英語翻譯總結[范文模版]

1.in one's twenties2.fellow countrymen 3.VIP 4.on many occasions 5.stand squarely 6.hold up 7.give birth to...8.long for 9.a man of letters 10.traditional thinking 11.福利工廠welfare factory 12.聾啞人deaf mute 13.手語sign language 14.用平穩的語調in a level voice 15.正式成員full member 16.三十五六歲in one's middle thirties 17.二十年代in the twenties 18.主人公principal character 19.不合理的制度irrational system 20.最高境界the highest ideal 21.Chu Teh remembered his age.He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.朱德想起自己的年齡，他已三十六歲，青春像一路鳴叫的鷹，早已一閃而逝，留給他的是衰老和幻滅。.“You mustn't use all that electricity to please me, ” he protested.他不滿地說道：“你們不應該費這么多電，就為了讓我高興。”.In the days that followed I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words.往后我就這樣學著拼寫，雖然并不理解意思，卻也拼出了許多詞。24.When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I was flushed with childish pleasure and pride.我終于把這幾個字母寫對了，這時我天真地感到無限愉快和驕傲。.Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years this junior.顧不得拉過來的椅子，朱德端端正正地站在這個比他年輕十歲的青年面前。26.我趕忙向男乘客作了解釋，又用紙條寫了一句話。

I told the man immediately what I was thinking and then I wrote a sentence on a slip of paper.27.從一九二九年到一九四八年這二十年中間，我寫得很快，也寫得多。

In the twenty years between 1929 and 1948, I wrote very quickly and wrote a great deal 28.前兩天有一位日本作家問我你怎么同時喜歡各種流派的作家和作品呢？

A few days ago, a Japanese author asked me how I was able to appreciate authors and books of so many different schools.29.我最近還在另一個地方說過：藝術的最高境界是無技巧。

I've also said recently on another occasion that the highest state to which art can attain is artlessness.30.女乘客這時也急了，瞪起一雙眼睛回手給了男乘客一拳。Also irritated, the woman stared at him and hit back.31.The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face.My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring.I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me.Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.午后的陽光透過覆蓋在門廊上的茂密的金銀花，照在我微微仰著的臉上。我幾乎是無意識地用手撫摸著熟悉的葉片和花朵，這新長的葉片和剛開的花朵在南方迎來了芬芳的春天。但不知今后等待著我的是什么，會使我欣喜，還是驚駭。幾個星期以來，我又氣又恨，感到非常苦惱，這種感情上的激烈斗爭過去之后，我感到渾身無力。

32.從此以后，我就特別注意聾啞人的特征，還從他們那里學會了一些常用的手語。比如，我可以用啞語問他們：“朋友，您好！”“您到哪里下車？”“您請往里走！”“謝謝”等等。這樣，不僅我能更好地為他們服務，與他們進行感情交流，也減少了一些他們與其他乘客的誤會和糾紛。

Since then I have paid special attention to those who look like deaf mutes.I have learned from them some sign language with which I can say such things as “Hello, how are you?”“Where are you going?”“Please move on!”“Thanks!” In this way, I can render them better service and be friends with them and also reduce their misunderstandings and conflicts with other passengers.Unit 1 stories 1.He was thirty-six，his youth had passed like a screaming eagle，leaving him old and disillusioned.他已三十六歲，青春像一路鳴叫的鷹，早已 一閃而逝，留給他的是衰老和幻滅。2.average height 普通高度 3.gleaming eyes 兩眼閃著光輝

4.in his middle twenties 大概是二十五六歲的年齡

5.Ignoring the chair offered him，Chu The stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was，what he had done in the past，how he had fled from Yunnan，talked with Sun Yat-sen，been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai，and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China.朱德顧不得拉過來的椅子，端端正正地站在這個比他年輕十歲的青年面前，用平穩的語調，說明自己的身份和經歷： 他怎樣逃出云南，怎樣會見孫中山，怎樣在上海被陳獨秀拒絕，怎樣為了尋求自己的新的生活方式和中國的新的革命道路而來到歐洲。

6.When both visitors had told their stories，Chou smiled a little，said he would help them find rooms，and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received.兩位來客把經歷說完后，周恩來微笑著說，他可以幫他們找到住的地方，替他們辦理加入黨在柏林的支部的手續，在入黨申請書寄往中國而尚未批準之前，暫時作候補黨員。7.Chinese Communist Party中國共產黨

8.兩條要求，忠實——內容，通順——語言

9.Several times on his trips to China，which he made as a guest of the Chinese Government，Bill‘s birthday occurred while he was in Beijing.以中國官方客人的身份，比爾來訪中國已多次了，而且在北京停留期間恰適他生日也有好幾次了。

10.‘ This is for you，’ Bill Morrow heard on many occasions he would never forget——such as when he was taken a boat down the Grand Canal and every boat that passed sounded its siren in salutation.Or when he shown over the great Nanjing bridge，built where the ferries used to carry trains across the Changjiang River.He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on，then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.“這是為你安排的。” 這句話比爾。莫諾聽到過好幾次，每一次都令他難以忘懷。有一次，他沿大運河乘船順水而下，途經的每艘船都鳴笛致敬。還有一次，他參觀雄偉的南京長江大橋——以前沒橋時，要靠輪渡托載火車橫渡長江。夜幕漸漸降臨了，他被安排坐下，并被告知稍坐等候，然后突然間，整個橋身被燈光勾畫出了一個清晰的輪廊。11.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher，Anne Mansfield Sulliven，came to me.I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects.在我的記憶里，安妮。曼斯匪爾德。沙利文教師來的那一天，是我一生中最重要的日子。從這一天開始，我的生活與以前迥然不同，一想到這一點，我就感到非常興奮。12.On the afternoon of that eventful day，I stood on the porch，dumb，expectant.那天下午，我一聲不響，懷著期待的心情站在門廊里。

13.Have you been at sea in a dense fog，when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in，and the great ship，tense and anxious，groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen？

I was like that ship before my education began，only I was without compass or sounding-line，and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was.“ light！Give me light！” was the wordless cry of my soul，and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.不知你是否有過這樣的經歷——在海上航行遇上了大霧，周圍一片白，好像著實把你關在一個黑暗的地方，大船上的人又緊張又著急，一面用鉛錘探測深淺，一面向岸邊慢慢駛去，你的心也怦怦直跳，生怕出事。我在開始受教育之前，就像這樣一條船，只是沒有羅盤，沒有測探繩，也無法知道離海港有多遠。“光明！給我光明！” 這就是發自我內心深處的無言的呼喚，也就在這時候，愛心的光芒照到了我的身上。

14.Someone took it，and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me，and，more than all things else，to love me.有個人握住了我的手，于是我被抱了起來，緊緊地抈在了她的懷里。正是她來到我的身邊，將一切展切在我面前，更重要的是，是她將愛帶給了我。15.monkey-like imitation.猴子模仿似的

16.In the days that followed，I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words，among them pin，hat，cup and a few verbs like sit，stand and walk.接下來的幾天里，我在根本不知自己在做什么樣情況下，學會了拼好些單詞，比如PIN，HAT，CUP 及一些動詞，如SIT，STAND AND WALK.17.That was because I saw everything with the strange，new sight that had come to me.On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken.I felt my way to hearth and picked up the pieces，I tried vainly to put them together.那是因為我正用一種剛剛獲得的全新而奇特的視角來看待一切事物。進屋時，我想起了被我弄壞的那個娃娃。我摸索著來到壁爐前，拾起那些碎片，試圖將它們拼接在一起，卻沒辦到。

18.it would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me，and for the first time longed for a new day to come.當那感概萬千的一天快要結束時，我躺在自己的小床里，感受這一天帶給 我的那些快樂，我覺得沒有人比我更幸福了。一生中第一次，我期待著新一天的來臨。19.一切舊的傳統觀念，一切阻止社會進步和人性發展的不合理的制度。

All outmoded traditional thinking； any irrational system which obstructs social progress or human development.20.我覺得有一根鞭子在抽打我的心，又覺得仿佛有什么鬼魂借我的筆為自己伸冤一樣。I felt as if my mind was being whipped，as if a ghost had commandeered my pen and was writing to redress the injustices it had suffered.21.另一個地方

On another occasion.22.長得好看的人用不著濃妝艷抹，而我的文章就像一個丑八怪，不打扮，看起來倒還順眼些。

Physically attractive people don‘t need heavy make-up.Though my writing resembles an ugly monster，it actually looks a little better without any embellishment.22.我最恨那些盜名欺世，欺騙讀者的謊言。

This means I oppose fabrication，deception and flowery language.What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.23.就學習英語而言，有三個方面值得注意：拼法正確，合乎用法——一個詞怎么用，和哪個詞連用，很有講究。句子平穩—合乎語法。第2章 Unit 2 History

1、The Industrial Revolution is a long train of changes starting about 1760.工業革命是指約1760年開始的一系列變革。a train of：“一長串”，這里可根據上下文譯成“一系列”

change: n.(an example of)the act or result of changing，這里譯成”變革“更好。

2、It is not alone: it forms one of a triad of revolutions, of which the other two were the American Revolution that started in 1775, and the French Revolution that started in 1789.It is not alone = it is not the only one 因此譯成“它不是唯一的一次革命”更好。triad: a group of 3 closely related people or things one of a triad of revolutions：三大革命之一。

of which 引導一個非限制性定語從句：the other two were the American Revolution that started in 1775, and the French Revolution that started in 1789.這個非限制性定語從句本身又包含兩個限制性定語從句：that started in 1775和that started in 1789分別修飾the American Revolution 和the French Revolution，英漢翻譯時，一般來說，非限制性定語從句與中心詞分句翻譯，限制性定語從句，特別是不長的，翻譯時放在中心詞之前。因此，句子可以譯成：

它不是唯一的一次革命，而是三大革命之一。其它兩次是1775年開始的美國革命和1789年開始的法國革命。

3、It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions.But the fact is that they were all social revolutions.The Industrial Revolution is simply the English way of making those social changes, I think of it as the English Revolution.packet: 包裹，這里是隱喻

譯文：把一次工業革命與兩次政治革命扯在一起，或許有點奇怪。但是，事實上，它們都是社會革命。工業革命只不過是以英國的方式造成那些社會變化而已。我把它看作是英國革命。

4、What makes it especially English? 在此，English= of / belong to England;especially = particularly 譯文：是什么使這次革命獨具英國特色呢？

5、The men who make it are craftsmen: the millwright, the watchmaker, the canal builder, the blacksmith.這次革命的發動者都是一些手藝人：磨坊技師、鐘表匠、運河開鑿人和鐵匠。

6、What makes the Industrial Revolution so peculiarly English is that it is rooted in the countryside.扎根于農村，正是這場革命的英國特色。

這是一句強調句式的句子。等于The fact that the Industrial Revolution is rooted in the countryside makes it particularly English.類例：

What worried him was that he had never had such experiences before.7、During the first half of the eighteenth century, in the old age of Newton and the decline of the Royal Society, England basked in a last Indian summer of village industry and the overseas trade of merchant adventurers.在18世紀上半葉，在牛頓的暮年和皇家學會衰落之時，英國正陶醉于鄉村工業和商業冒險家海外貿易的最后的極盛時期。

an Indian summer不能直接譯成“印地安夏季”。翻譯過程中，不僅要根據上下文理解理解語言現象、理解邏輯關系，還要理解原文所涉及的事物，這里an Indian summer:的意思是a pleasant or successful time nearly at the end of a particular period, such as the end of someone's life，因此譯成“最后的極盛時期”才符合原文意義。類例：John can be relied on.He eats no fish and plays the game.約翰為人可靠，他既忠誠又正直。這里eat no fish 指“忠實”，Play the game= play fair（規規矩矩地比賽），轉義為“公平對待”、“舉止光明正大”、“為人正直”等。

8、The summer faded.繁榮消失。

9、The organisation of work in the cottage was no longer productive enough.以農家為單位勞動的組織形式不再具有足夠的生產能力。

這里使用了增詞法。Organization是由動詞派生出來的抽象名詞，在譯成漢語時，在其后增加適當的名詞，可以更清楚地表達抽象意義，并使譯文更符合漢語習慣。類例：When you have made all the parations, please inform me in time.一切準備工作就緒后，請及時告之。

10、Within two generations, roughly between 1760 and 1820, the customary way of running industry changed.在兩代人的時間內，大約從1760年到1820年，傳統的工業經營方式發生了變化。

11、Before 1760, it was standard to take work to villagers in their own homes.By 1820, it was standard to bring workers into a factory and have them overseen.在1760年以前，通常是把工作交給村民，讓他們在家里干。到了1820年，則通常是把工人帶進工廠，讓他們在監督之下干活。

句中standard的意思是used or accepted as normal or average 所以譯成“一般”、“通常”更好。

二、參考譯文

工業革命是指約1760年開始的一系列變革。它不是唯一的一次革命，而是三大革命之一。其它兩次是1775年開始的美國革命和1789年開始的法國革命。把一次工業革命與兩次政治革命扯在一起，或許有點奇怪。但是，事實上，它們都是社會革命。工業革命只不過是以英國的方式造成那些社會變化而已。我把它看作是英國革命。是什么使這次革命獨具英國特色呢？不言而喻，因為它開始于英國。英國那時已經成為頭號的制造業國家。不過當時的制造業只是農家手工業，而工業革命就是在農村開始的。這次革命的發動者都是一些手藝人：磨坊技師、鐘表匠、運河開鑿人和鐵匠。扎根于農村，正是這場革命的英國特色。

在18世紀上半葉，在牛頓的暮年和皇家學會衰落之時，英國正陶醉于鄉村工業和商業冒險家海外貿易的最后的極盛時期。繁榮消失。貿易競爭越來越激烈。到18世紀末，工業的需求更加緊張，更加迫切。以農家為單位勞動的組織形式不再具有足夠的生產能力。在兩代人的時間內，大約從1760年到1820年，傳統的工業經營方式發生了變化。在1760年以前，通常是把工作交給村民，讓他們在家里干。到了1820年，則通常是把工人帶進工廠，讓他們在監督之下干活。

Exercise 5 Machines and Science Help Farmers

1、本練習選自《美國歷史簡介》的REVOLUTION IN AGRICULTURE章節。

2、Despite the great gains in industry, agriculture remained the nation's basic occupation.= Although there had been great gains in industry, agriculture continued to be the basic occupation.gains: increasing in weight, speed, height or amount這里是increasing in speed的意思。

occupation: 表示“a person's job“時，在較正規的場合用。如果譯成： “盡管工業方面取得了很大進步，但農業始終是國家的基本事業。”不是很自然，不如意譯成：

“盡管工業方面取得了很大進步，但這個國家仍然以農業為主。”更為通順。注意：

在直譯不能很好地表達原文的意義時，可以意譯，使譯文讀起來更通順。但是意譯不是胡來亂譯，一定要忠實于原文。

3、The revolution in agriculture--paralleling that in manufacturing after the Civil War--involved a shift from hand labor to machine farming, and from subsistence to commercial agriculture.parallel something: happen at the same time 與...同時發生 that:指前面提到的the revolution involve: bring about導致

a shift from...to...從...到...的轉變 譯文：

戰后，在制造業領域內發生革命的同時，農業領域內也在發生一場革命，帶來手工勞動向機械耕作的轉變、自耕自給農業向商業農業的轉變。這里subsistence直譯成“維持生計”讓人不能理解，應譯為“自耕自給農業”。翻譯時要根據上下文來理解。這里我們使用了增詞法，增加“農業”使譯文更通順。本句的翻譯也用到結構轉換的理論。

4、Between 1860 and 1910, the number of farms in the United States tripled, increasing from 2 million to 6 million, while the area farmed more than doubled from 160 million to 352 million hectares.在一八六O年至一九一○年間，美國的農場數目增加了兩倍，自二百萬個增加到六百萬個，耕地的面積擴大了一倍多，從一億六千萬公頃增至三億五千二百萬公頃。

5、Between 1860 and 1890, the production of such basic commodities as wheat, corn and cotton outstripped all vious figures in the United States.從一八六O年至一八九O年，各種基本農產品的生產，如小麥、玉米和棉花等，都超過了美國以前的產量。

6、In the same period, the nation's population more than doubled, with largest growth in the cities.同時，全國人口也增加一倍多，城市人口增長最快。名—動詞

7、But the American farmer grew enough grain and cotton, raised enough beef and pork, and clipped enough wool not only to supply American workers and their families but also to create ever-increasing surpluses.然而，美國農業人口生產了足夠的糧食和棉花，提供了充足的豬肉和牛肉，收剪的羊毛，不但足夠供給美國工人及其家庭的需要，并且剩余量日益增加。

8、Several factors accounted for this extraordinary achievement.One was the expansion into the West.Another was the application of machinery to farming.extraordinary ：非凡的；驚人的 account for: explain farming:耕作 譯文：

取得這一非凡的成就有幾方面的原因：第一個原因是向西部的擴展，第二個原因是農業耕作使用機器。

9、The farmer of 1800, using a hand sickle, could hope to cut 20 percent of a hectare（hektair）of wheat a day.With the cradle, 30 years later, he might cut 80 percent of a hectare daily.在一八○○年，一個農民使用鐮刀，在一天之內，可望收割五分之一公頃小麥，但三十年后，使用附有搖籃架的大鐮刀，每天就可以收割十分之八公頃。

10、In 1840 Cyrus McCormick performed a miracle by cutting from two to two-and-a-half hectares a day with the reaper, the curious machine he had been developing for nearly 10 years.到一八四O年，麥柯密克創造了奇跡。使用他研究了差不多十年才制造出來的神奇的割禾機，竟然一天能收割二公頃到二公頃半。

注意這里定語從句he had been developing for nearly 10 years使用“合并法”翻譯，譯文中該從句放在被修飾詞之前。

11、Foreseeing the demand, he headed west to the young prairie（尤指北美大草原）town of Chicago, where he set up a factory--and by 1860 sold a quarter of a million reapers.where he set up a factory為非限制性定語從句，用“分譯法”翻譯 Foreseeing the demand現在分詞短語作狀語，主句中headed和sold為并列的兩個動詞作謂語。

a quarter of a million：1/4百萬，也就是“25萬”。

譯文：

由于他的遠見，他便去西部新興草原市鎮芝加哥，在那里他開設了收割機工廠。到一八六O年，他售出的收割機共有二十五萬架之多。

12、Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution was science.本句因為Scarcely放于句首，句子倒裝。Scarcely less important這里可以采用反譯法。譯成“幾乎同等重要”。類例：I never see her but I want to kiss her.我每次看見她都想吻她。譯文：

在農業革命中和機械幾乎同等重要的是科學。

13、In 1862 the Morrill Land Grant College Act allotted public land to each state for the establishment of agricultural and industrial colleges.These were to serve both as educational institutions and as centers for research in scientific farming.一八六二年，根據“莫里爾公地興學法案”，國會把公用地分配給各州，以便建立農業和工業學院。這些學校一方面是教育機關，另一方面，也是農業科學的研究中心。

14、Congress subsequently appropriated funds for the creation of agricultural experiment stations throughout the country and also granted funds directly to the Department of Agriculture for research purposes.appropriated：撥專款后來

譯文：

國會又撥款在全國各地遍設農業實驗站，并直接撥款給農業部作研究用。

15、By the beginning of the new century, scientists throughout the United States were at work on a wide variety of agricultural projects.在新世紀開始時，在全國各地的科學家都在廣泛地進行農業科學研究。（都屬于詞類轉換）

二、參考譯文

機器和科學幫助農民

盡管工業方面取得了很大進步，但這個國家仍然以農業為主。戰后，在制造業領域內發生革命的同時，農業領域內也在發生一場革命，帶來手工勞動向機械耕作的轉變、自耕自給農業向商業農業的轉變。在一八六O年至一九一○年間，美國的農場數目增加了兩倍，自二百萬個增加到六百萬個，耕地的面積擴大了一倍多，從一億六千萬公頃增至三億五千二百萬公頃。

從一八六O年至一八九O年，各種基本農產品的生產，如小麥、玉米和棉花等，都超過了美國以前的產量。同時，全國人口也增加一倍多，城市人口增長最快。然而，美國農業人口生產了足夠的糧食和棉花，提供了充足的豬肉和牛肉，收剪的羊毛，不但足夠供給美國工人及其家庭的需要，并且剩余量日益增加。取得這一非凡的成就有幾方面的原因：第一個原因是向西部的擴展，第二個原因是農業耕作使用機器。在一八○○年，一個農民使用鐮刀，在一天之內，可望收割五分之一公頃小麥，但三十年后，使用附有搖籃架的大鐮刀，每天就可以收割十分之八公頃。到一八四O年，麥柯密克創造了奇跡。使用他研究了差不多十年才制造出來的神奇的割禾機，竟然一天能收割二公頃到二公頃半。由于他的遠見，他便去西部新興草原市鎮芝加哥，在那里他開設了收割機工廠。到一八六O年，他售出的收割機共有二十五萬架之多。

在農業革命中和機械幾乎同等重要的是科學。一八六二年，根據“莫里爾公地興學法案”，國會把公用地分配給各州，以便建立農業和工業學院。這些學校一方面是教育機關，另一方面，也是農業科學的研究中心。后來，國會又撥款在全國各地遍設農業實驗站，并直接撥款給農業部作研究用。在新世紀開始時，在全國各地的科學家都在廣泛地進行農業科學研究。

Exercise 6 五四運動 類例：

1949年她丈夫死了，給她丟下了五個孩子。

Her husband died in 1949, leaving her with five children.他們開槍打死了我們一個巡邏兵。

They opened fire, killing one of our patrolmen.譯文：

After World War I, the imperialists stepped up their aggression against China while the Northern Warlord government resorted to compromise and capitulation externally and to ruthless opssion of the people internally, landing China in a grave national crisis.3、一九一九年“巴黎和會”上中國外交的失敗，激起了中國人民的極大憤慨。

China's diplomatic setback at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 aroused strong indignation among the Chinese people.4、五月四日，北京三千多學生在天安門前集會，他們高呼“外爭國權，內懲國賊”、“廢除二十一條”等口號，舉行示威游行。

原文是一個復句，在翻譯時，一般首先從邏輯上仔細分析，弄清各分句之間的關系，區分開哪個分句為主，然后按照英語表達習慣，適當處理，一般，從屬的分句可采用非限定性短語或介詞短語來表達，或通過增加關聯詞或從句形式來處理。本句“三千多學生”和“他們”是指同一個動作的發出者，因此“集會”和“舉行示威游行”可以列為同一主語下的并列的動詞作謂語，而“高呼”在此表示“集會”和“舉行示威游行”的狀態，因此應從屬于前面兩動作，用現在分詞表示較合適。譯文：

On May 4, over three thousand Beijing students gathered in front of the Tian An Men, and then held a demonstration, shouting such slogans as ”Defend our sovereignty, punish the traitors!“, ”Abolish the Twenty-one Demands!“

5、他們要求懲辦賣國賊曹汝霖、陸宗輿、章宗祥，并火燒了曹宅，痛打了章宗祥。北洋軍閥政府出動軍警鎮壓，捕去學生30多名。

They demand the traitors Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu and Zhang Zongxi-ang be punished.They set fire to Cao's residence and beat up Zhang.The government called out troops and policemen to suppress the demonstrators.Over thirty students were arrested.這里根據英語動詞suppress的需要，增加了原文中省略的動詞的賓語“the demonstrators”。另外把句子“北洋軍閥政府出動軍警鎮壓，捕去學生30多名。”用斷句法翻譯更好。因為用被動句式翻譯“捕去學生30多名”，這篇歷史性的報道顯得更客觀。

6、那時候，各地學生紛紛響應北京學生的反帝愛國斗爭。具有初步共產主義思想的知識分子李大釗、毛澤東、周恩來等同志分別在北京、長沙、天津，指導了這場偉大的反帝運動。

原文中的“紛紛”較難譯，“響應”不能簡單地譯為“respond to”，分別意譯成“one...after another...“和“support”較好。

具有初步共產主義思想的知識分子：intellectuals with the rudiments of communism 譯文：

Immediately, the students in one part of the country after another rose in support of the anti-imperialist patriotic struggle launched by the students in Beijing.The intellectuals with the rudiments of communism, Li Dazhao, Mao Ze-dong, Zhou Enlai and other comrades supervised this great movement in Beijing, Changsha, Tianjin respectively.7、六月三日，北京學生組織演講隊，開展大規模的宣傳活動，軍閥政府對學生的鎮壓變本加厲，捕去170多人。

“捕去170多人”用被動語態翻譯更適合語境。

On June 3, the students of Beijing formed groups of speakers and carried out extensive propaganda.The government intensified its supssion and over 170 students were arrested.8、“

六、三”以后，主要是青年學生參加的五四愛國運動，發展成為無產階級、小資產階級和民族資歷產階級共同參加的全國范圍的革命運動。無產階級成為運動的主力。上海、唐山、長辛店等地工人紛紛罷工示威，中國工人階級第一次作為覺悟了的獨立的政治力量登上政治舞臺，暗示了他的偉大力量。

根據上下文，這里的“紛紛”表示“多”。

From then on, the May 4th patriotic movement, which had been conducted mainly by the Student youth, became a nation-wide revolutionary movement in which the proletariat, the petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie all took part, with the proletariat as the mainstay.Large numbers of workers in Shanghai, Tangshan, Changxindian and elsewhere went on strike and held demonstrations.For the first time in Chinese history, the working class appeared as an awakened, independent force in the political arena, demonstrating its tremendous strength.9、在全國人民反帝愛國的壓力下，北洋軍閥政府被迫釋放被捕學生，撤消三個賣國賊的職務，拒絕在德國“和約”上簽字，反帝反封建斗爭取得了初步勝利。

原文是一個沒有關聯詞的較長的復句，如果同樣譯成一個長句，在結構上有困難，語意也不清楚，可以通過斷句法來處理。原文是一句先分后總的總分復句，翻譯時可在句子的結尾部分斷句，即將最后的總結部分（“反帝反封建斗爭取得了初步勝利”）斷開，單獨譯作一句。譯文：

Under the ssure of the nation-wide anti-imperialist patriotic struggle, the Warlord government had to set free the students arrested, dismiss the three traitors from office, and refuse to sign in the “Peace Treaty” with Germany.This marked an initial victory for the struggle against imperialism and feudalism.“

10、五四運動是一次徹底的不妥協的反帝反封建的革命運動，它促成了中國工人運動同馬克思主義的結合，在思想上、干部上為中國產黨的成立作了準備，是中國新民主主義革命的開端。

原文是一句先總后分的總分復句，可以把總說部分單獨譯成一句。后面分說部分可以譯成一句并列復句。由于分說部分有三層明顯的意義，所以也可以分別譯成獨立的三個句子。譯文：

The May 4th Movement was a thoroughgoing, uncompromising revolutionary movement against imperialism and feudalism.It was instrumental in bringing about the integration of Marxism with China's labour movement.It paved the way, both in ideology and in the matter of cadres, for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party.It ushered in China's new-democratic revolution.二、參考譯文

The May 4th Movement After World War I, the imperialists stepped up their aggression against China while the Northern Warlord government resorted to compromise and capitulation externally and to ruthless opssion of the people internally, thus landing China in a grave national crisis.China's diplomatic setback at the Pans Peace Conference in 1919 aroused strong indignation among the Chinese people.On May 4, over three thousand Beijing students gathered in front of the Tian An Men, and then held a demonstration, shouting such slogans as ”Defend our sovereignty, punish the traitors!“, ”Abolish the Twenty-one Demands!“ They called for punishment to be meted out to the traitors Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu and Zhang Zongxiang.They set fire to Cao's residence and beat up Zhang.The government called out troops and policemen to supss the demonstrators and over thirty students were arrested.Immediately, the students in one part of the country after another rose in support of the anti-imperialist patriotic struggle launched by the students in Beijing.Comrades Li Dazhao, Mao Ze-dong, Zhou Enlai and other intellectuals who already had some knowledge of communism guided this great movement in Beijing, Changsha, Tianjin respectively.On June 3, the students of Beijing formed groups of speakers and carried out extensive propaganda.The government intensified its supssion and arrested over 170 students.From this point on, the May 4th patriotic movement, hitherto conducted mainly by the Student youth, became a nation-wide evolutionary movement in which the proletariat, the petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie all took part, with the proletariat as the mainstay.Large numbers of workers in Shanghai, Tangshan, Changxindian and elsewhere went on strike and held demonstrations.For the first time in Chinese history, the working class appeared as an awakened, independent force in the political arena, demonstrating its tremendous strength.Under the ssure of the nation-wide anti-imperialist patriotic struggle, the Warlord government had to set free the students it had arrested, dismiss the three traitors from office, and withhold its signature from the ”Peace Treaty“ with Germany.This marked an initial victory for the struggle against imperialism and feudalism.The May 4th Movement was a thoroughgoing, uncompromising revolutionary movement against imperialism and feudalism.It was instrumental in bringing about the integration of Marxism with China's labour movement, and it paved the way, both in ideology and in the matter of cadres, for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party.It ushered in China's new-democratic revolution.Unit 2 History 1.the Industrial Revolution工業革命 2.industrial capital產業資本.one’s self-made career自我奮斗的生涯 4.build canals開鑿運河 5.out of interest出于興趣.one of a triad of revolutions三大革命之一 7.an Indian summer最后的極盛時期 8.parallel something與?同時發生 9.account for解釋.a quarter of a million25萬.辛亥革命the Revolution of 1911 12.新民主主義論On New Democracy 13.舉行示威游行hold a demonstration 14.在?號召下at the call of 15.第一次世界大戰the First World War或World War One 16.北洋軍閥政府the Warlord government 17.五四愛國運動the May 4th patriotic movement 18.和約Peace Treaty 19.反帝反封建斗爭the struggle against imperialism and feudal-ism 20.產業資金industrial funds 第3章 Unit 3 Geography

一、Journey Up the Nile 1.Tombs and temples of ancient Egypt follow the Nile well into Sudan.尼羅河沿岸直到蘇丹境內很遠的地方，到處可以見到古埃及的墳墓和寺廟。

原文的描寫非常形象、生動。但譯成漢語時無法保留原文的形象，因為“follow”這個詞很難處理，故譯作“到處可以見到?”。

2.Driving southward from Cairo into the valley, I entered a landscape that owed little to the sent era.我從開羅驅車南行，進入尼羅河河谷，這里的景色還沒有受到多少現代的影響。

“Driving southward from Cairo into the valley”是個現在分詞短語，邏輯主語是“I”，譯成漢語時需說“我從開羅驅車南行，進入尼羅河河谷”。

“own...to...”意為“recognize sth.to the cause of sth.將某事物歸因于某事物”。原句的含義是“該地區的景物基本上沒有受到現代的影響”。

3.the thin ribbon of the Nile尼羅河像一條細細的藍色絲帶

“of”用于兩個名詞中間，前者修辭后者，故譯作“尼羅河像一條細細的藍色絲帶”。

例：(1)He's got the devil of a temper.他脾氣極壞。

(2)Where's that fool of a receptionist? 那個笨蛋接待員在什么地方？

(3)He's a fine figure of a man.他是個體型好看的男子。

4.At the edge of the fields, rising in dramatic hills or stretching flat to the horizon, lay the brown barren deserts.這田地外邊是寸草不生的棕色沙漠，有的地方突然隆起像是小山，有的地方則平平地伸向地平線。

此句為倒裝句。主語是“the brown barren deserts”，因為介詞短語“At the edge of the fields”前置以示強調，故全句主謂倒裝。翻譯時盡量保持原句效果，譯作“這田地外邊是寸草不生的棕色沙漠，有的地方突然隆起像是小山，有的地方則平平地伸向地平線。”。

“barren”意為：(of land)not good enough to produce crops（指土地）貧瘠的。

5.I had the illusion that I was driving through one immensely long, narrow farm.我仿佛在驅車穿過一個特別狹長的農場。

“illusion”意為“錯覺”或“幻覺”，但直譯不合適，故譯作“我仿佛在驅車穿過一個特別狹長的農場。”

6.The villages and towns were usually perched on the edge, so as not to waste arable soil and because there was a need, before the High Dam tamed the Nile, to live beyond the reach of the annual floods.大小村鎮一般都處于田地的邊上，這是為了不浪費耕地，同時也是因為在高壩控制尼羅河以前，有必要住得遠一點，以躲避每年發生的洪水。

“perch”意為：place(sth.)in a high or dangerous position將（某物）置于尤指高處或危險處。例：a hut perched at the edge of the cliff懸崖邊上的小舍

“arable”意為：（land that is）suitable for ploughing and for growing crops適于耕作的（土地）。“arable soil”就是“耕地”。

動詞不定式短語“to live beyond the reach of the annual floods”作定語，修辭名詞“need”。字面意思是“有必要住到每年洪水泛濫不到的地方”。

全句的內部結構比較復雜，“and”連接兩個表示原因的詞句，“need”和修辭語之間插了一個時間狀語從句。

7.The road followed the course of the Nile, now passing through the fields, now drawing a black line separating them from the desert.公路是順著尼羅河修筑的，有時穿過莊稼地，有時像是劃的一條黑線，這邊是莊稼，那邊是沙漠。

“now...now...”意為：at one time...at another time...時而??時而??

例：Her moods kept changingwould it be too high or too low? 還沒修壩的時候，我們老惦記著洪水，——今年的洪水會太大呢，還是會太小呢？

“obsess”常用于被動語態，意為：fill the mind of sb.continually使（某人）牽掛，惦記，著迷或困惑。例：She was obsessed with the idea that she was being watched.她總覺得受人監視而心神不寧。

10.Like all the generations of my family back to the pharaohs, I used to plant my crops and never know if I would harvest.我過去種莊稼，從來不知道能不能收。我的祖輩以至古代的法老也都是這樣。

“pharaoh”意為：(習題詳解 of the)ruler of ancient Egypt法老（古埃及國王或其稱謂）。

11.It was a natural system of replenishment and cleansing.那是自然形成的一個補充土壤和清除鹽分的體系。

“replenishment”的動詞形式“replenish”意為：fill up(sth.)again(with...)（以??）再裝滿，補充。在此句中為“補充土壤”的意思。

“cleanse”意為：make thoroughly clean, make pure 徹底清潔，滌凈。在此句的為“清除鹽分”的意思。

全句在翻譯時就需要根據上下文意思進行添詞。

12.Today this treasury of silt is trapped behind the dam, and there is no effective drainage system.現在寶貴的泥沙被水壩攔住了，卻沒有除鹽的有效辦法。

同樣，這里的“drainage system”也不能簡單地譯成“排水系統”。此處仍然指“補土排鹽系統”。另外，此句中“of”前面的名詞“treasury”修辭后面的名詞“silt”，譯作“寶貴的泥沙”。

（二）參考譯文：

沿尼羅河而上（摘錄2）

尼羅河沿岸直到蘇丹境內很遠的地方，到處可以見到古埃及的墳墓和寺廟。我從開羅驅車南行，進入尼羅河河谷，這里的景色還沒有受到多少現代的影響。從這里再往前一千八百英里，尼羅河像一條細細的藍色絲帶，緩緩流向北方，沿途穿過棕色的土地和綠色的田野，這田地外邊是寸草不生的棕色沙漠，有的地方突然隆起像是小山，有的地方則平平地伸向地平線。

我仿佛驅車穿過了一個特別狹長的農場。大小村鎮一般都處于田地的邊上，這是為了不浪費耕地，同時也是因為在高壩控制尼羅河以前，有必要住得遠一點，以躲避每年發生的洪水。公路是順著尼羅河修筑的，有時穿過莊稼地，有時像是劃的一條黑線，這邊是莊稼，那邊是沙漠。

在盧克蘇爾以南不遠的阿瓦米亞村，我曾看著農民收割甘蔗。村里一位長者，名叫阿明·易卜拉欣，請我到他家去做客，向我介紹了阿斯旺高壩的影響。他的話比我以前聽到的更為樂觀一些。他說：“還沒修壩的時候，我們老惦記著洪水，——今年的洪水會太大呢，還是會太小呢？我過去種莊稼，從來不知道能不能收。我的祖輩以至古代的法老也都是這樣。現在不用害怕了，我們知道一定會有水，也知道會有多少水。我們不是收一季，而是收三季了。家里用上了電，還用電開水泵，不需要再用吊桶提水了。過去我們到富人家里去聽收音機。現在我們一年到頭種莊稼了，就自己買收音機了，甚至還買電視機呢。”

不過阿明也看得很清楚，他承認這件事還有另外一面，不那么好的一面。他說：“土地更差了，因為過去尼羅河一泛濫就帶來泥沙，可現在沒有了。我們不得不用化肥，而化肥是很貴的。即便這樣，莊稼還是不如以前打得多。”

他帶我在他家附近的莊稼是里走了走。只見地面上結了一層鹽。“現在不像以前了，河水不泛濫，鹽分就沖不走了，”阿明對我解釋說。過去每年尼羅河泛濫，可以給沿岸的農田留下細沙兩千萬噸。河水退去的時候，就把土壤里的鹽分沖走，沖到地是海里去。那是自然形成的一個補充土壤和清除鹽分的體系。現在寶貴的泥沙被水壩攔住了，卻沒有除鹽的有效辦法。

二、Adelaide(Excerpt)

（一）解說：

1.The city was laid out with broad streets in an open grid pattern, and over 4000ha2 of parklands encircling the city were served.街道寬闊，布局呈方格形。城市周圍留有公園區，面積達四千余公頃。

“lay out”意為：make a plan for 計劃，設計。例：lay out a garden 設計一花園；well-laid out streets and avenues 設計良好的街道和馬路。

本句中有兩處被動式，不能一看到被動式就譯成被動式，要考慮到中文的表達習慣，故沒有完全按照原句的形式來譯。另外，“lay out”的意思體現在“布局”一詞中。“were served”用“留有”來表述。

2.To the east the Mount Lofty ranges form an imssive backdrop.東有壯觀的洛夫蒂嶺襯托。

“backdrop”意為：背景。

3.Belts of parklands line three sides of the area and four large open squares of lawns and trees break the regularity of the city buildings.三面有公園環繞，區內四個大廣場有草坪和樹木，打破了市區建筑的單調氣氛。

“regularity”意為：state of being regular 規律性。這里的規律性是指區內到處都是建筑，景色缺少變化，有了公園和綠地就不顯單調了。故“break the regularity”被譯成“打破單調氣氛”，比較符合原意。

4.N and S Adelaide are divided by the Torrens River, spanned by four bridges and lined with ornamental gardens.托倫斯河把阿德萊德分成南北兩區，河上架有四座橋梁，兩岸點綴著許多花園。

“spanned”和“lined”這兩個過去分詞短語均作定語，修辭“the Torrens River”。為了能順，譯文中加了“河上”兩字，后一短語意譯成“兩岸點綴著許多花園”，這樣兩個短語在句式表達上非常平穩一致。

5.The city contains many fine examples of early Australian architecture, including the town hall on King William Streetthe Murray, the Torrens and the Onkaparinga.噴水池有三個邊，三十四根噴水柱，還有鋁制雕塑，這一設計代表著向阿德萊德供水的三條河——墨累河、托倫斯河和昂卡帕令加河。

原文中的主語和謂語分別是“design”和“resents”，所以譯文的后半部分一定要加上“這一設計”，不能只說“代表著”，這樣會誤認為是“鋁制雕塑代表著”。

7.Parklands, which separate the city and the suburbs, are served in perpetuity for the use of the people.市區和郊區之間的公園區永遠留作市民的活動場所。

“in perpetuity”的意思是“for ever 永遠”。

8.As an artistic event, a stimulus to the creative and performing arts in Australia, the Festival has introduced many world-famous artists to millions of Australians.此次藝術節是藝術界的一大盛事，不但推動了澳大利亞的藝術創作和表演，而且把眾多世界聞名的藝術家介紹給了澳大利亞的廣大群眾。

“a stimulus to the creative and performing arts in Australia”原本是“an artistic event”的同位語，在譯文中用動詞“推動”來體現名詞“stimulus”，這樣處理較通順，因為英語中多用名詞，而漢語中則多用動詞。

（二）參考譯文：

阿德萊德（摘錄）

阿德萊德Adelaide澳大利亞南澳大利亞州首府，是全國規劃得最好的城市之一。街道寬闊，布局呈方格形。城市周圍留有公園區，面積達四千余公頃。西臨圣文森特灣，岸邊有寬闊的沙灘。東有壯觀的洛夫蒂嶺襯托，洛夫蒂山（727米）為最高峰。市區南部主要是商業區，三面有公園環繞，區內四個大廣場有草坪和樹木，打破了市區建筑的單調氣氛。市區北部主要是住宅區，周圍也有公園環繞，區內有廣場兩個。托倫斯河把阿德萊德分成南北兩區，河上架有四座橋梁，兩岸點綴著許多花園。市區有典型的澳大利亞早期建筑物多處，位于寬闊的南北大道威廉王大街上的市政廳便有其中之一。市政廳于1863年奠基，設計者E。W。賴特曾任本市市長。

阿德萊德有許多雕像，并有噴水池七處。最為壯觀的一處噴水池建于1968年，座落在該城的商業區中心——維多利亞廣場。噴水池有三個邊，三十四根噴水柱，還有鋁制雕塑，這一設計代表著向阿德萊德供水的三條河——墨累河、托倫斯河和昂卡帕令加河。市區和郊區之間的公園區永遠留作市民的活動場所。

1960年舉辦了第一屆阿德萊德藝術節，阿德萊德自此贏得了澳大利亞文化中心的美名。此次藝術節是藝術界的一大盛事，不但推動了澳大利亞的藝術創作和表演，而且把眾多世界聞名的藝術家介紹給了澳大利亞的廣大群眾。

三、北海公園

（一）解說：

1.北海公園原是遼、金、元、明、清歷代封建帝王的“御花園”。總面積共有68.2公頃。Bei Hai(North Lake)Park, covering an area of 68.2 hectares, was the imperial garden in the Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.“總面積共有68.2公頃”在原句中是單獨的一句。在譯文中被處理成一個分詞短語，作定語，修辭“Bei Hai Park”。這樣比較符合英語的表達方式。

2.公園的中心——瓊島，周長1，913米，高32.8米，是1179年（金代）用挖海的泥土堆成的。The center of the park is Qiong Island, 32.8 metres high and 1,913 metres in circumference.It was made in 1179(in the Jin Dynasty)with the earth that came from the digging of the lake.中文往往比較簡潔，一個句子能包含許多內容。在譯成英語時，如果也只用一個句子的話會顯得特別冗長，故在翻譯時可考慮用幾個單句來處理，本句便是一例。

3.島上白塔建于1651年，塔高35.9米。The White Dagoba built on it in 1651 is as high as 35.9 metres.原文的謂語部分是在“建于”，而譯成英語后，其謂語部分體現在“is as high as 35.9 metres”，不這么處理的話，“塔高35.9米”和“白塔”兩個部分相距太，句子結構不緊湊。

4.瓊島東北部有“瓊島春陰”碑，為1751年建立。There is a stone tablet erected in 1751 in the northeast of Qiong Island, with ”Qiong Dao Chun Yin“(Spring Shade on the Qiong Island)written by Emperor Qian Long(1736-1796A.D.)engraved on it.譯文中的“(Spring Shade on the Qiong Island)written by Emperor Qian Long(1736-1796A.D.)”為譯者所加，為的是讓讀者進一步了解這塊碑的珍貴之處，以引起讀者的興趣。

過去分詞短語“engraved on it”修辭“Qiong Dao Chun Yin”。

5.附近風光秀麗，過去是燕京八景之一。This area, noted for its beautiful scenery, was counted as one of the eight outstanding views of Beijing.“noted”在這里不是過去分詞，而是形容詞，相當于“well-known”。

“燕京八景之一”也沒有簡單地譯作“one of the eight views of Beijing”，而是在“views”前面加了一個詞“outstanding”，因為普通的景色滿目都是，文中提到的“八景”是特殊的景色。

6.海北岸有“五龍亭”，建于1602年，是封建皇帝釣魚和看焰火的地方。On the north shore of the lake are the Five-Dragon Pavilions, built in 1602, where the emperors enjoyed fishing and watched fireworks.原文是“海北岸有”，譯文不能譯作“have”，而要譯作“are”。整句譯文是倒裝句，主語是“the Five-Dragon Pavilions”，表地點的介詞短語前置于句首。

7.“九龍壁”，建于1756年，全壁用五彩琉璃瓦砌成，兩面各有蟠龍九條，姿態生動，反映了我國勞動人民的創造才能。Not far to the northeast stands the Nine-Dragon Screen, put up in 1756, which is made of colorful glazed tiles.With nine lively dragons on each side, it has proved the creativeness of the working people of China.原句較長，譯文被處理成兩句。譯文中的“Not far to the northeast”為譯者所加，借以說明景物的相對位置，免得孤立地介紹景物，顯得單調。譯文最后一句中的“Near there”也是如此。

譯文中的“prove”意為：establish the genuineness of 確定??之真實性，用以表達“反映”，緊扣原意。

（二）參考譯文：

Bei Hai Park

Bei Hai(North Lake)Park, covering an area of 68.2 hectares, was the imperial garden in the Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.The center of the park is Qiong Island, 32.8 metres high and 1,913 metres in circumference.It was made in 1179(in the Jin Dynasty)with the earth that came from the digging of the lake.The White Dagoba built on it in 1651 is as high as 35.9 metres.There is a stone tablet erected in 1751 in the northeast of Qiong Island, with ”Qiong Dao Chun Yin“(Spring Shade on the Qiong Island)written by Emperor Qian Long(1736-1796A.D.)engraved on it.This area, noted for its beautiful scenery, was counted as one of the eight outstanding views of Beijing.On the north shore of the lake are the Five-Dragon Pavilions, built in 160, where the emperors enjoyed fishing and watched fireworks.Not far to the northeast stands the Nine-Dragon Screen, put up in 1756, which is made of colorful glazed tiles.With nine lively dragons on each side, it has proved the creativeness of the working people of China.Near there is the Iron Screen, which is a relic of the Yuan Dynasty.fellow countrymen 同胞

militarist軍閥

Chinese Communist Party 黨組織

the Grand Canal（京杭）大運河

Industrial Revolution 工業革命

dawn to dark從早到晚

especially English 具有英國特征的cottage industry 農村手工業

Indian summer 最后的余輝

stock-raising 畜牧業

Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原

the gold rush 淘金熱

basic occupation 基礎產業

Department of Agriculture 農業部門

the Nile Delta 尼羅河三角洲

coastal erosion 水土流失

Mediterranean climate 地中海型氣候

surveyor general 測量總監

sovereign nation 主權國家

aggregate output 總產量

coastal area 沿海地區

telephone connections 電話用戶

economic well-being 生活水平

two way trade 雙向貿易

lucrative export market 出口市場

foreign exchange 外匯

sum total 總數

per capita 人均

GNP 國民生產總值

joint ventures 合資企業

net income 凈收入

world investment system世界投資體系

the stock of foreign investment 外資存量

major economy 經濟大國

the stimulus, the technology and the funding 動力、技術和資金

international trade and investment 國際貿易和投資

popular science 科普讀物Arctic seas 北冰洋

vegetable oil 植物油

mineral oil煤油

internal combustion engine內燃機

warfare on land and sea 陸戰和海戰

minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋動植物

crude oil 原油

sedimentary rocks 沉積巖

pitch lake 瀝青湖

superhighway 高速公路

living organism 生物體

applied entomology 應用昆蟲學

environmental Law環保法

wildlife 野生生物

freedom from noise pollution 無噪聲污染

Act 法

amendment 修正案

bill 議案

hearing 聽證會

lobby 院外活動集團

universal copyright convention 世界版權公約

a system of copyright protection 版權保護制度

Contracting States 成員國

Director-General 總干事

mean temperature平均溫度 China’s “most important historical sites” 全國重點保護文物

the cultural relics 文物

mutual prosperity 相互繁榮

international trade 世界貿易

bilateral trade 雙邊貿易

commercial and financial relationships 貿易與金融關

economic performance/reform 經濟改革

economic course 經濟道路

employment 就業

food production 食品加工

heavy industries 重工業

financial services sector 金融服務

foreign exchange dealing 外匯交易

the international community 國際社會

foreign funds 外國資金

domestic competition 國內競爭

multilateral disciplines 多邊規定

a part-time river 季節性河流

oil-burning lamps 油燈

science of biological control 生物控制學

new areas of thought 新的思維空間

a warm-blooded animal 恒溫動物

grant a license 頒發許可證

strip mining 露天采礦

offshore oil drilling近海石油鉆探

waste disposal 廢物處理

national life 國民生計

enacting legislation 立法

remaining open land 尚未開發的土地

a system of copyright protection 版權保護制度

policies of reform and opening to the outside world 改革開放政策

national lives 人民生活

national security policies 國家安全政策

流派school

文學家man of letters 文學界literary circle 欺世盜名glory-seeking

新民主主義New Democracy 五四運動The May 4th Movement

反帝國主義運動anti-imperialist movement 反封建運動anti-feudal movement 辛亥革命 the Revolution of 1911

初步共產主義思想rudiments of communist ideology 六三運動 June 3rd Movement 文化革命 the cultural revolution

小資產階級和資產階級知識分子petty-bourgeois and bourgeois intellectuals in the cities 市民階級 the urban intelligentsia

五卅運動 May 30th Movement in 1925 北伐戰爭 the Northern Expedition

北洋軍閥政府 the Northern Warlord government 右翼 right wing 民族危機 national crisis

巴黎和會 the Paris Peace Conference

故宮博物館 the Imperial Palace/ the Palace Museum 故宮Old Palace

天安門Tian An Men Gate

太廟 The Imperial Ancestral Temple 中山公園 the Sun Yat-Sen Park 磚木結構 wood and brick

太和殿 the Hall of Supreme Harmony 午門 the Meridian Gate 外朝 the Outer Palace 內廷 the Inner Court

金水橋 the Golden Water Bridge

太和門 the Gate of Supreme Harmony 中和殿 the Hall of Complete Harmony 保和殿 the Hall of Preserving Harmony 御花園 the imperial garden 白塔 the White Dagoba 琉璃瓦 glazed tiles

糧食自給率 self-sufficiency rate of grain 凈進口量net import rate 消費量consumption quantity

農業自然資源 Natural agricultural resources 生產條件 production condition 技術水平technical level

耕地cultivated land單位面積per unit area 復種指數 the multiple crop index 內陸水域 inland waters 水產品 aquatic products 集約化intensification 木本植物 arbor foodstuffs 知識經濟 knowledge economy

勞動密集型產業 labour intensive industries 貿易與金融關系 commercial and financial ties 中國少年兒童出版社 China Children Press 兒童文學 Children’s Literature 絲綢之路 the Silk Road

井地之蛙 a frog at the bottom of a well 落湯雞 like a drowned rate

陸地自然資源 land natural resources 淡水資源 freshwater resources 礦產資源 mineral resources 大陸岸線 mainland coastline 島嶼岸線islands’ coastline

聯合國海洋法公約 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 中國海域 China’s sea areas 淺海 shallow seas

人工養殖 aquatic products 沉積盆地sedimentation basin 中國沿海China’s coasts

深水岸線 deep-water stretch of coast 可再生能源regenerable energy resources

全球生命支持系統the global bio-support system 全國人民代表大會 National People’s Congress 中外合資經營 Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures 國際經濟合作 international economic cooperation 技術交流 technological exchange 經濟組織 economic organization 外國合營者 foreign joint venturer

平等互利的原則 the principle of equality and mutual benefit and subject 公共利益 public interest

有限責任公司 limited liability company

對外經濟貿易主管部門 State’s competent department in charge of foreign economic relations and trade

工商行政管理主管部門 the State’s competent department in charge of industry and commerce administration

營業執照 business license 注冊資本 registered capital

合營企業經營期間 in its practicing deception 董事會 a board of directors 董事長 chairman

企業發展規劃 the venture’s development plans

生產經營活動方案 proposals for production and business operations 收支預算 the budget for revenues and expenditure 利潤分配 the distribution of profits 審計師 the auditors 毛利潤 gross profit 儲備基金 reserve fund 凈利潤 net profit 優惠待遇 preferential treatment 所得稅 the income tax 國家外匯管理機關 State agency for foreign exchange 金融機構 financial institution 外匯賬戶 a foreign exchange account 保險公司 insurance company 國際市場 world market 有關外匯事宜 foreign exchange transactions 個人所得稅 individual income tax 不可抗力 force majeur 基本方針 the basic principle 興修水利 infensify water-contral project 科技進步 the development of science and technology 稻田 paddy fields 養魚業 fish culture 養殖 aquaculture 生產能力 productive capacity 人工草場 the artificial grasslands 國際海洋年 the International Ocean Year 其他合法權益 other lawful right 開始營業 start operations 工業產權 industrial capital 總經理 general manager 總工程師 chief engineer 總會計師 treasurer 正副廠長factory manager and deputy manager 享受優惠待遇 enjoy preferential treatment Premier總理

financial deficit財務赤字 arbitration agency仲裁機構 regional autonomy地方自治

automobile components汽車部件 ASEAN東盟(東南亞國家聯盟)natural enemies of insects昆蟲的天敵 consumer goods消費品 footbridge天橋

Keen interest濃厚的興趣 subtropical plant亞熱帶植物

social security system社會保障制度 pension fund養老金 regular event常事

municipal government自治政府 entrepreneurial spirit進取精神

to give something much thought仔細想某事 cling to youth與年輕人呆在一起 carriage drawn by the horse乘馬車

Federal Power Commission聯邦電力委員會 the Long March長征

neighboring enviroment周邊環境 live on one's own life獨立生活 freshly harvested剛割的 marine insurance海事保險 scarce tactic嚇唬人的辦法 a far cry from完全不同 in this respect在這方面

industrial pollution工業污染

international understanding國際間的了解 prime minister首相

sino-American relationship中美關系 stand squarely端端正正地站著 establish communities建立村鎮 mineral deposit礦藏

flows of capital資本流動 power of nature自然的力量 the ice was broken打破了僵局

science of biotic controls生物控制學 domestic legislation國內立法

full diplomtic relations正式外交關系 natural beauty自然美

more than ten years his junior比他年輕十幾歲 open public domain開放的公共地帶 typical masterpiece具有代表意義的杰作 to imprint on one's mind印在某人的腦海里

tentative and uncertain manner試探和躊躇的舉止 wind and twist蜿蜒

vaguely worded措詞含糊 to and fro走來走去

brightly painted顏色鮮艷的

average annual rainfall平均年降雨量 ravages of time時間的摧殘

the flower of one's youth風華正茂 in unison一致

turn one's back on拒絕,冷眼相看 court of appeals上訴法院 international affairs國際事務 magnificient dinner盛大晚宴 full member正式成員

vast size and resources地大物博 outward investor對外投資者 a kind of invitation殷勤的邀請 sober-faced沉靜的 right to know知情權

unpublished works未出版的作品 welcoming banquet歡迎宴會

historically significant experiment具有歷史意義的嘗試 in his middle twenties二十多歲 outstanding feature突出特點

undue absoption in the past過分地懷念過去 resonant voice洪亮的聲音 universal convention世界公約 immeasurable contrast迥然不同 sucking vigor汲取力量

meticulously dressed穿著講究 well-mannered silence規規矩矩 now and again有時

works of the human kind人類精神產品 scientific exchange科學交流 it rains cats and dogs傾盆大雨 gleaming eyes閃光的眼睛 source of power能源 everlastingly無窮無盡的 property damage財產損失

the birth and death of the day每一天的誕生和消亡 Sir John約翰爵士 on board ship在船上 common ground共同點 average height中等身材 in the air醞釀中 life-giving賦予生命

global economy全球經濟 come and go霎時即去 market-day趕集日

a narrow swale狹長的洼地 toast干杯

金字塔Pyramid 中國公民Chinese citizen 維生素vitamin 載人飛船manned airship 生態環境environment 世界貿易組織World Trad Organization 可耕地arable land '三個代表'重要思想Three Represents Important Idea 緯度latitude 郁金香tulip 首相Prime Minister 生產條件production condition 糧食總產量目標total grain output target 工業產權industrial property rights 福禮sacrificial meat 國民經濟national economy 大陸架continental shelves 和平共處peaceful coexistence 深刻的影響profound impact 交通動脈arteries of communication平民文學literature for the common people 熬夜to sit up

民族團結ethnic harmony, ethnic solidarity 各種流尖派的different schools 不合理的制度irrational system 花言巧語flowery language 極西地帶far west 經濟改革economic reforms 灌溉面積irrigated areas 零工odd jobs 戰略任務strategic task 有限責任公司a limited liability company 區域自治regional autonomy 革命道路revolutionary road 為?打下基礎lay foundations for 不良后果negtive effects 生活水平standard of living 沿海城市coastal city 花壇flower bed 不惜力氣not sparing oneself 新興城市the rising town 永久定居permanent settlement 革命知識分子revolutionary intellectuals 在?的號召下at the call of 散文集collection of essays 試工期trial period 排隊queue up 濃裝艷抹heavy make up 合法手續legal title 客觀有利因素favorable objective factors 高等教育higher education 小買賣人a peddler 先進技術advanced technology 民族精神national spirit 測深繩sounding-line 出于自愿和興趣on one's own count, out of interest 電力生產electrical production 歷史遺址historical sites 單位面積產量the yield per unit area 專屬經濟區exclusive economic zones 儲備基金reserve fund 統一戰線的革命運動the revolutionary movement of a united front 文藝節Festival of Arts 完整的古代建筑群complete group of acient buildings 世界投資體系world investment system 舊夢重溫going through old dreams 自給自足self-suffiiciency 互不干涉內政non-interference 無言的呼喚wordless cry 多功能機器multi-purpose machine平均率average rate 月白色的pale green 拉排子車pull a handcart 學術交流academic exchange 五一的下午on the afternoon of May 1st 河流入海口the mouth of the river 無情的relentless 初冬early winter 拉家帶口be saddled with big families 1.two way trade雙向貿易.lucrative export markets獲利的出口市場 3.foreign exchange 外匯.commercial opportunities商業機會 5.export opportunities出口機會 6.potential exports潛在市場.labour intensive industries勞動密集型企業 8.foreign exchange dealing外匯交易 9.two-way flow of capital雙向資本流動 10.economic transition經濟轉軌.宜農荒地wasteland which are suitable for farming 12.中低產田medium-and low-yield land 13.播種面積sown area 14.內陸水域.undefinedinland waters 16.糧食供求grain supply and demand 17.農業科技agricultural science and technology 18.科教興農develop agriculture by relying on science , technology and education 19.非糧食實物資源non-grain food resources 20.集約化intensification.原文：He disappeared in the crowd before I called to him.我還沒來得及叫他，已經消失在人群中.原文：When we praised the Chinese leadership and the people we are not merely being polite.改譯：我們對中國領導人和中國人民的贊揚不僅僅是出于禮貌。.原文：They were ready to be disposed of by their parents if alive, or otherwise by their nearest relations.改譯：這些人的父母如果還在世，可由父母領回；如果父母已故,則由他們的親近代領。24.原文：President Clinton realized—as all of us must—that today’s economy is global.改譯：克林鎖總統早認識到當今的經濟是全球性的經濟，想必現在我們每個人的認識也一樣 25.原文：Whether we like it or not, all of our fortunes are tied together.We are truly interdependent.改譯：不管我們喜歡與否，我們所有的利益是相通的，我們真的是相互依賴的。26.原文：There were in the order of 300 people at the festival.改譯：節日活動大約有300人參加 27.原文：依靠科技進步有潛力。

改譯：There is scope for scientific and technological improvement.28.原文：這兒將修建更多的居民大樓。改譯：More apartment houses will be built here.29.原文：中秋過后，秋風是一天涼比一天，看看將近初冬；我整天靠著火，也穿上棉襖了。

改譯：After the Mid-Autumn Festival the wind grew colder every day, and winter was approaching.Even though I spent all my time by the stove, I had to wear my padded jacket.30.原文：在這里，可以聽到最荒唐的新聞，如某處的大蜘蛛怎么成了精，受了雷擊。改譯：Here one could hear the most absurd stories, such as how in a certain place a huge spider had turned into a demon and was then struck by lightning.31.The strongest growth has occurred in the coastal areas near Hong Kong and opposite Taiwan, where foreign investment and modern production methods have spurred product in of both domestic and export goods.? The people of the United States also have experienced the benefits of world trade.Since World War II, the U.S.has been the world’s Largest economy and , in most years, the world’s largest exporter.最強勁的增長發生在靠近香港和臺灣對面的沿海地區。在這個地區，外國投資和現代生產手段的使用促進了國內和出口貨物的生產。美國人民也有得益于國際貿易的經歷。自從第二次世界大戰以來，美國一直是世界上最大的經濟大國。在大多數年代中，它又是世界上最大的出口國。

32.目前，中國的糧食單產水平與世界糧食高產國家相比也是比較低的，中國要在短時間內達到糧食高產國家的水平難度較大，但經過努力是完全可以縮小差距的。??通過改造低中產田、興修水利、擴大灌溉面積、推廣先進適用技術等工程和生物措施，可使每公頃產量提高1500公斤以上。

At present, China’s per unit area yield of grain is low compared with countries with high grain yields.It will be difficult for China to reach the level of countries with high grain production in a short period of time, but the gap can certainly be narrowed through efforts.The grain output per hectare can be increased by more than 1,500 kg through the upgrading of medium-and low-yield land, intensifying water-control projects, enlarging irrigated areas and spreading the use of advanced agrotechnology and taking biological measures.1.Saint Valentine's Day 2.in an instant馬上 3.out of reach夠不著 4.a matter of course 5.in need 理所當然的事 6.in this respect 在這個方面 7.as regards 8.the historic sites歷史古跡.agonizing flashbacks痛苦的回憶 10.at least至少.暴洪flash-flooding 12.步行橋footbridge 13.高等教育higher education 14.外祖母maternal grandmother 15.散文集a collection of essays 16.中國少年兒童出版社the China Children Press 17.絲綢之路the Silk Road 18.兒童文學Children's Literature 19.童年生活childhood life 20.井岡山the Jinggang Mountains 21.原文：Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.如果青年人由于某種原因認為自己會在戰斗中死去，從而無法享受生活中最美好的東西，因而感到痛苦，這是無可指責的.原文：The Suunynook footbridge connects Atwater with Griffith Park, spanning the Los Angeles River and the Golden State Freeway.桑尼努克步行橋橫跨洛杉磯河和金州高速公路，連接著阿特瓦德區和格力菲公園。23.原文：Last year, on a simple Sunday, three days after Valentine's Day, after many consecutive days of steady downpour, the sun came out.去年，瓦倫廷節過后第三天，那是一個普通的星期天，連日下大雨，終于出了太陽。24.原文：Many children were playing close to the water, and we were stunned by their ignorance and daring.那一天，許多孩子在靠近水邊的地方玩耍，他們那樣大膽，不知道危險就在眼前，使我們非常吃驚。.原文：Unable to reach the boy safely from the shore, Earl stepped into the water.他在岸上安全的地方夠不著那個孩子，于是就邁步往水里走去。26.原文：《心上的河流》寫出了他對于小河流水的深情，這使我憶起我所熱愛的無邊的大海。

In ”A River at Heart", he expressed his deep feelings towards the flowing water of a creek, which reminded me of my own love for the boundless, vast sea.27.原文：能為他的這本散文集子作序，我覺得很榮幸。

I find it a great honour to be asked to write a preface to this collection of his essays.28.原文：讀了這游記，絢麗生動得如經其境，給了我很大的快樂。

Reading his travel notes gave me great pleasure because they are so colorful and vivid that I felt I was actually there.29.原文：我常常立在這長案旁邊，吃我的簡單早餐——一包巧克力糖！

I would often stand at the narrow, long table, having my simple breakfastan indescribable color.And from then on until the next rains the earth dried and the streams stopped.Cracks appeared on the level ground.The Salinas River sank under its sand.The wind blew down the valley, picking up dust and straws, and grew stronger and harsher as it went south.It stopped in the evening.It was a rasping nervous wind, and the dust particles cut into a men's skin and burned his eyes.Men working in the fields wore goggles and tied handkerchiefs around their noses to keep the dirt out.The valley land was deep and rich, but the foothills wore only a skin of topsoil no deeper than the grass roots;and the farther up the hills you went, the thinner grew the soil, with flints sticking through, until at the brush line it was a kind of dry flinty gravel that reflected the hot sun blindingly.一到六月，草開始枯黃，山坡變成了褐色——其實也不能算褐色，而是一種難以形容的金紅和桔黃的色澤。從那時候直到下次下雨為止，土地干燥，溪河斷流。平地開始坼裂。薩利納斯河滲到沙底下去了。風吹過河谷，刮起塵土和干草，風勢越往南越兇，一般要到晚上才停息。刺耳的風聲，叫人心煩，沙粒打在臉上生疼，眼睛都睜不開。在地里干活的人都得戴風鏡，把手帕扎在臉上，蒙住鼻子。

河谷的泥土厚而肥沃，但是山腳的土層卻薄得只夠扎住草根；越往高處，土層越薄，硬石露了頭；到了灌木都不生長的地方，只有干巴巴的硬卵石，反射出炙熱炫目的陽光

32.這一淋可糟了！晚上發高燒，一會兒熱，一會兒冷！臉上經得像抹了胭脂，周身疼，連翻身都疼，疼得像針扎！我想起來了：我人小，排隊時常常被人擠出來，有些人又常常故意搗亂，工頭舉起鞭子就打，常常因為打別而捎帶上我。人多呀！一鞭子抽下來一大片，被捎上了背上就是一條子青一條子紫的。這一病，發現被工頭抽在身一的傷了！可疼壞我了！可是幸虧這回只病了一夜，第二天早晨就退燒了，穿上帶著號的衣服就趕快上工了，雖然渾身酸軟，可是不干活不行呀！晚上還得唱戲，一大家人都指著爸爸和我兩個人掙錢吃飯呀！That drenching nearly did for me!1That evening I ran a fever, burning hot one moment and icy cold the next.My face was as red as if rouged, my whole body ached, and turning over in bed hurt ten being needled!I remembered: Because I'm young, people often jostle me out of the queue;and when some of them make trouble and the foreman whips them, he often lashes me too.In that crowd his whip falls on a whole lot of people, and it leaves blue and purple welts on your back.Now that I was ill I discovered the welts from his whip-they hurt so badly.But luckily I was only feverish one night, the next morning I felt well enough to put on my gown with the number and go to work.Though I still ached all over, I had to work.And that evening I had to act.The whole family looked to Father and me for food.10.‘ This is for you，’ Bill Morrow heard on many occasions he would never forget——such as when he was taken a boat down the Grand Canal and every boat that passed sounded its siren in salutation.Or when he shown over the great Nanjing bridge，built where the ferries used to carry trains across the Changjiang River.He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on，then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.“這是為你安排的。” 這句話比爾。莫諾聽到過好幾次，每一次都令他難以忘懷。有一次，他沿大運河乘船順水而下，途經的每艘船都鳴笛致敬。還有一次，他參觀雄偉的南京長江大橋——以前沒橋時，要靠輪渡托載火車橫渡長江。夜幕漸漸降臨了，他被安排坐下，并被告知稍坐等候，然后突然間，整個橋身被燈光勾畫出了一個清晰的輪廊。

11.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher，Anne Mansfield Sulliven，came to me.I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects.在我的記憶里，安妮。曼斯匪爾德。沙利文教師來的那一天，是我一生中最重要的日子。從這一天開始，我的生活與以前迥然不同，一想到這一點，我就感到非常興奮。12.On the afternoon of that eventful day，I stood on the porch，dumb，expectant.那天下午，我一聲不響，懷著期待的心情站在門廊里。

13.Have you been at sea in a dense fog，when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in，and the great ship，tense and anxious，groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen？ I was like that ship before my education began，only I was without compass or sounding-line，and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was.“ light！Give me light！” was the wordless cry of my soul，and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.不知你是否有過這樣的經歷——在海上航行遇上了大霧，周圍一片白，好像著實把你關在一個黑暗的地方，大船上的人又緊張又著急，一面用鉛錘探測深淺，一面向岸邊慢慢駛去，你的心也怦怦直跳，生怕出事。我在開始受教育之前，就像這樣一條船，只是沒有羅盤，沒有測探繩，也無法知道離海港有多遠。“光明！給我光明！” 這就是發自我內心深處的無言的呼喚，也就在這時候，愛心的光芒照到了我的身上。

14.Someone took it，and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me，and，more than all things else，to love me.有個人握住了我的手，于是我被抱了起來，緊緊地抈在了她的懷里。正是她來到我的身邊，將一切展切在我面前，更重要的是，是她將愛帶給了我。.17.That was because I saw everything with the strange，new sight that had come to me.On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken.I felt my way to hearth and picked up the pieces，I tried vainly to put them together.那是因為我正用一種剛剛獲得的全新而奇特的視角來看待一切事物。進屋時，我想起了被我弄壞的那個娃娃。我摸索著來到壁爐前，拾起那些碎片，試圖將它們拼接在一起，卻沒辦到。

18.it would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me，and for the first time longed for a new day to come.當那感概萬千的一天快要結束時，我躺在自己的小床里，感受這一天帶給我的那些快樂，我覺得沒有人比我更幸福了。一生中第一次，我期待著新一天的來臨。

19.一切舊的傳統觀念，一切阻止社會進步和人性發展的不合理的制度。

All outmoded traditional thinking； any irrational system which obstructs social progress or human development.20.我覺得有一根鞭子在抽打我的心，又覺得仿佛有什么鬼魂借我的筆為自己伸冤一樣。

I felt as if my mind was being whipped，as if a ghost had commandeered my pen and was writing to redress the injustices it had suffered.21.另一個地方

On another occasion.22.長得好看的人用不著濃妝艷抹，而我的文章就像一個丑八怪，不打扮，看起來倒還順眼些。

Physically attractive people don‘t need heavy make-up.Though my writing resembles an ugly monster，it actually looks a little better without any embellishment.22.我最恨那些盜名欺世，欺騙讀者的謊言。

This means I oppose fabrication，deception and flowery language.What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.23.就學習英語而言，有三個方面值得注意：拼法正確，合乎用法——一個詞怎么用，和哪個詞連用，很有講究。句子平穩—合乎語法。

Unit2 HISTORY

1.The country was a place where men worked from dawn to dark，and the labourer lived not in the sun，but in poverty and darkness.What aids there were to lighten labour were immemorial，like the mill，which was already ancient in Chaucer‘s time.The industrial Revolution began with such machines； the millwrights were the engineers of the coming age.James Brindley of Staffordashire started his self-made career in 1733 by working at mill wheels，at the age of seventeen，having been born poor in a village.在農村，人們從早到晚都得干活，勞動者并不是沐浴在陽光下，而在生活在貧困和黑暗之中，那么幫助減輕勞動的機械都不知從哪個年代就有了。比如磨坊，在喬叟的時候就已經是古老的了。而工業革命就是從這些機械開始的。修造磨坊的匠人就是開創新時代的工程師。斯塔福郡的詹姆斯。布林斯雷，出身于一個貧苦的農村家庭；一七三三年，他十七歲，就著手改良磨坊的車輪，從而開始了他那自我奮斗的生涯。

2.in the air

醞釀之中

3.multi-purpose machine

多功能機器

4.Brindley had begun on his own account，out of interest，to survey the waterways that he traveled as he went about his engineering projects for mills and mines.布林斯雷在為他的磨坊和礦井建筑工程到處奔走的時候，出于自愿和興趣，對沿途經過的河道進行了勘察。

5.they often had little education，and in fact school education as it then was could only dull an inventive mind.他們一般都沒有受過什么教育。事實上，當時那種學校教育也只能窒息人的創造性。

6.arteries of communication

交通的動脈

7.these things had been manufactured in villages which were growing into towns now，away from London； it was a country-wide trade.這些物品都是在遠離倫敦漸漸發展成為城鎮的農村制造的。這是一場全國范圍的貿易。

8.要從詞匯，短語和結構三個方面去弄懂原文，但是光這樣做還是不夠的，還必須把握全篇。

9.It is not alone： it forms one of a triad of revolutions，of which the other two were the American Revolution that started in 1775，and the French Revolution that started in 1789.It may seem strange to put into the same pocket an industrial revolution and two political revolutions.工業革命不是孤立的，它是當時三大革命之一，另外兩次是美國革命和法國革命，分別始于1775年和1789年。將一次工業革命和兩次政治革命相提并論，似乎有些奇。

10.cottage industry

作坊似的

11.what makes the Industrial Revolution so peculiarly English is that it is rooted in the countryside.工業革命特別具有英國特色是因為它植根于農村

12.During the first half of the eighteenth century，in the old age of Newton and the decline of the Royal Society，England basked in a last Indian summer of village industry and the overseas trade of merchant adventures.18世紀上半期，也就是牛頓的晚年，皇家學會逐漸衰敗的年代，英國仍享受著農村經濟和商業冒險家從事的海外貿易帶來的最后歡娛。

13.Eventually，though a few communities continued to be devoted almost exclusively to mining，the real wealth of Montana，Colorado，Wyoming，Idaho，and California proved to be in the grass of soil.后業雖然少數城鎮專門從事采礦業，但蒙大拿，科羅拉多，懷俄明，愛達荷等州的真正財富，也和加州一樣，還是在草原和沃土之中。

14.readability，讀起來上口，順。所謂翻譯，是翻譯意思，而不是翻譯詞句。只要抓住了意思，譯文在詞句上可以有一定的靈活性。

15.Despite the great gains in industry，agriculture remained the nation‘s basic occupations.The revolution in agriculture——paralleling that in manufacturing after the war involved a shift from hand labor to machine farming，and from subsistence to commercial agriculture.Between 1686 and 1910，the number of farms in the United States trebled，increasing from 2 million to 6 million while the area farmed more than doubled from 160 million to 352 million hectares.盡管工業的收益很大，農業仍是國民的基礎產業。農業革命——和戰后的制造業革命齊駕齊驅，使手工業勞作變為機械耕種，使維持生計的農業變為商業化的農業。從1860年至1910年間，美國農場的數量翻了三番，從2000000個增至6000000個，耕種的面積也從1.6公頃增至3.52公頃，增長了一倍多。

16.In 1840，Cyrus McCormick performed a miracle by cutting from two to two-and-a-half hectares a day with the curious machine he had been developing for nearly 10 years.到了1840年，塞路斯，麥克米克創造了一個奇跡，用他歷經近十年研制的神奇機器，一天可割麥2——2.5公頃。

17.In 1862，the Morrill Land-Grant College Act

1862年，政府頒布的有關贈地建校的“莫里爾公地興學法案”

18.industrial colleges，appropriated fund，were at work.農業院校，下撥款項，展開了科研活動。

19.五四運動是反帝國主義的運動，又是反封建的運動。五四運動的杰出的歷史意思，在于它帶著為辛亥革命還不曾有的姿態，這就是徹底地不妥協地反帝國主義和徹底地不妥協地反封建主義。

The May 4th Movement was an anti-imperialist as well as an anti-feudal movement.Its outstanding historical significance is to be seen in a feature which was absent from the Revolution of 1911，namely，its thorough and uncompromising opposition to imperialism as well as to feudalism.20.五四運動所進行的文化革命則是徹底地反對封建文化的運動，自有中國歷史以來，還沒有過這樣偉大而徹底的文化革命。

May 4th Movement was uncompromising in its opposition to feudal culture； there had never been such a great and thoroughgoing cultural revolution since the dawn of Chinese history.21.五四運動是在思想上和干部上準備了一九二一年中國共產黨的成立，又準備了五？運動和北伐戰爭。

Both in ideology and in the matter of cadres，the May 4th Movement paved the way for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921 and for the May 30th Movement in 1925 and the Northern Expedition.22.上海，唐山，長辛店等地工人紛紛罷工示威，中國工人階級第一次作為覺悟了的獨立的政治力量登上政治舞臺，顯示了它的偉大力量。

Workers in Shanghai，Tanghsna，Changxindian and etc，went on strike to express their disapproval.As an awakened，independent，political strength，Chinese working class stepped on the political stage for the first time and illuminated its tremendous power.23.在全國人民反帝愛國斗爭的壓力下，北洋軍閥政府被迫釋放被捕學生，撤銷三個賣國？的職務，拒絕在對德“和約”上簽字，反帝反封建斗爭取得了初步勝利。

Under the pressure of a nationwide patriotic struggle against imperialism，the Northern Warlord government had to release those arrested students，remove the 3 traitors from their posts and refuse to sign on the Peace Treaty with Germany.The struggle against imperialism and feudalism has achieved a foundemental victory.24.五四運動是一次徹底的不妥協的反帝反封建的革命運動，它促成了中國工人運動同馬克思主義的結合，在思想上和干部上為中國共產黨的成立作了準備，是中國新民主主義革命的開端。

May 4th Movement is a revolutionary movement with a thorough and uncompromising opposition to imperialism and feudalism.It prompted the combination of Chinese workers‘ movement and Marxism and，both in ideology and in the matter cadres，paved the way for the founding of Chinese Communist Party.It was the beginning of the Chinese New Democratic Revolution.25.Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution was science.In 1862，the Morrill Land-Grant College Act allotted public land to each state for the establishment of agricultural and industrial colleges.在農業革命中與機械幾乎同等重要的是科學。1862年，根據“莫里爾公地興法案”，國會把公用地分配給各州，以便建立農業和工業學院。

26.the revolution in agriculture——paralleling that in manufacturing after the war involved a shift from hand labor to machine farming，and from subsistence to commercial agriculture.農業的革命——和戰后制造業的革命并駕齊驅——使手工業勞動變為機械耕作，從維持生計的農業變成為商業化的農業。

UNIT 3 GEOGRAPHY

1.All this suggested ancient harmonies.這一切使人感到古代的和諧氣氛。

2.The devastating floods and droughts that imposed a recurrent tax of suffering on the fellahin no longer occur.過去給農民帶來災難的水旱災害，現在也不再發生了。

3.About six years ago it became an island.Day by day the sea is eating the land——the dam has stopped the sediment of the Nile from replenishing the shoreline.大約六年前，那地方變成了一個小島。海水一天天沖刷陸地——水壩已經使得尼羅河的泥沙無法沉積下來加固海岸了。

4.舊的教學法只管三件事，識漢字，讀漢字讀物，寫漢字作文。冰心在<北京晚報>發表過一篇文章：“漫談賞花和玩貓”。

5.Tombs and temples of ancient Egypt follow the Nile well into Sudan.Driving southward from Cairo into the valley，I entered a landscape that owed little to the present era.For the next 1800 miles the thin blue ribbon of the Nile，flowing slowly north，unwound over brown soil and green fields，some only a few yards wide，others as broad as an Iowa cornfield.At the edge of the fields，rising in dramatic hills or stretching flat to the horizon，lay the brown barren deserts.古埃及的墳墓，廟宇遍布尼羅河兩岸，一直沿至蘇丹。駕車從開羅往南行至尼羅河谷，映入眼簾的是一番與現代截然不同的景色。藍色玉帶般的尼羅河綿延1800英里，在棕色的土地和綠色的田野間緩緩向北流去。田地有的僅幾碼寬，有的則如依阿華州的玉米地那么寬。田野的外邊緣處是寸草不生的棕色沙漠，有的地方如小山般高高聳起，有的則平平的一直延展至天際。

6.I had the illusion that I was driving through one immensely long，narrow farm.我感到自己宛若駕車穿越一個毫無盡頭的狹長農場。

7.the road followed the course of the Nile，now passing through the fields，now drawing a black line separating them from the desert.公路是順著尼羅河修筑的，所以時而從田間穿過，時而如一條黑色的分界線將田地與沙漠隔開。

8.as the flood receded，the water draining through the soil leached out the salts and carried them off to the Mediterranean.洪水退去時，下滲土壤的水會沖走土里的鹽分，并最終把鹽帶入地中海。

9.it enjoys a Mediterranean climate.屬地中海氣候

10.The fertility of the surrounding plains，easy access to the Murray lowlands to the east and southeast，and the presence of mineral deposits in the nearby hills all contributed to the city‘s growth.四周平原土壤肥沃，與東和東南方的墨累低地相通。附近山區有礦藏。原為早期農貿中心，現已工業化。

11.The Adelaide Festival of Arts was the first international celebration of its kind to be held in Australia.阿德萊德文藝節每兩年舉行一次，是在澳大利亞舉辦的第一個國際性文藝活動。

12.Adelaide，the capital of South Australia，is one of Australia‘s best-planned cities.南澳大利亞的首府，阿德萊德，是澳大利亞布局最精巧的城市之一。

13.Belts of parklands line three sides of the area and four large open squares of lawns and trees break the regularity of the city buildings.North Adelaide，which is chiefly residential，is bordered by more parklands，and contains two open squares.N and S Adelaide are divided by the Torrens River，spanned by four bridge and lined with ornamental gradens.帶狀綠地從三面環繞，區內的四塊空地上有草坪也有樹木，打破了市內建筑物的單調格局。北部主要是居民區，其周圍也有公園環繞。另外還有兩個大廣場。南北阿德萊德的分界是特化斯河，河面上建有四座橋，兩岸則有花園點綴。

14.The city contains many fine examples of early Australian architecture，including the town hall on King Wiiliam Street——the wide main N-S thoroughfare.阿德萊德擁有許多早期澳式建筑的典范，比如貫通南北的主干道路——余威廉大街上的市政大廳。

15.jets of water，aluminium sculptures，draws its water.噴水孔，鋁質雕塑。供水之源

16.Parklands，which separate the city and the suburbs，are preserved in the perpetuity for the use of the people.分隔市區與郊區的綠地永遠留作人們活動的場所。

17.The Imperial Palace

18.Of particular interest if you have time might be the Imperial Ancestral Temple，which is to the right，and the Sun Yat-Sen Park，on the left.19.Covering an area of 175 acres，the Palace is enclosed by walls over 35ft high and surrounded by a moat 57yd wide.20.the Palace Museum，with four gates，has its main entrance to the south，known as the Meridian Gate.This is the gate you will approach as you continue along the cobbled roadway from Tian An Men.The Imperial Palace is divided into two ceremonial areas： the Outer Palace and the Inner Court.Through the Meridian Gate and across the Golden Water Bridge，one comes to the Gate of Supreme Harmony，the main gate of the Outer Palace.The main building in the Outer Palace are the Hall of Supreme Harmony，the Hall of Preserving Harmony.自考英漢翻譯復習資料2

21.The Hall of Supreme Harmony，the Meridian Gate，the Outer Palace，the Inner Court，the Golden Water Bridge，the Gate of Supreme Harmony，the Hall of Complete Harmony，the Hall of Preserving Harmony.太和殿，午門，外朝，內延，金水橋，太和門，中和殿，保和殿

22.總面積共有68.2公頃，燕京八景之一，五龍亭，九龍壁，御花園，白塔，燕京，琉璃瓦，影壁

With a total area of 68.2 ha.One of the eight views of Beijing.The Five Dragon Pavilion.Nine-Dragon Screen.The Imperial garden.The White Dagoba.Beijing.Glazed tiles.Screen.UNIT 4 ECONOMY

1.President Clinton realized——as al of us must—— that today‘s economy is global.正如每個人必須認識到的那樣，克林頓總統認識到當今的經濟具有全球性質。

2.1977，the sum total of Chinese imports and exports was less than $15 billion，putting China‘s share of world at 0.6 percent.The most populous country in the world，China ranked a distant 30th among exporting nations.By 1993 China’s exports and imports totaled nearly $200 billion.China had become the world‘s tenth largest exporter.在1977年，中國進出口總額還不到150億美元，僅占世界貿易總額的0.6%，世界上人口最多的中國在出口國家中排名靠后，僅是第30位，到1993年，中國進出口總額接近2000億美元，它已成為每10個最大的出口國。

3.Per capita GNP has grown at an average rate of 7.6% from 1980-1992.從1980年至1992年，人均國民生產總值平均增長率為7.6%.4.But the importance of trade in our economy has exploded in the past three decades.In 1970，the value of two way trade was equal to just 13% of the US economy.Last year，that figure，at 28%，was more than twice as high.In just the last seven years，jobs supported by US exports have risen by 4 million，to a total of 11 million.That‘s almost one out of ten American jobs.Last year US trade equaled $1.8 trillion dollars.但在過去30年中，我們經濟貿易的重要性大大地增加了，在1970年，雙邊貿易的總值占了整個美國經濟的13%.去年上升到28%，比1970年增加了一倍多。就在過去7年中，美國的出口創造的就業機會增加了400萬個。總數上升到1100萬個。這個數字就占美國就業總數的1/10.去年，美國貿易總額達到了1.8億美元。

5.Nor is the importance of trade likely to diminish for either China or the United States.Foreign exchange.無論是中國還是美國，都不會縮小貿易的重要性。

外匯。

6.Bilateral trade，the order of

雙邊貿易

7.sound foundation for future commercial and financial ties.為未來貿易與金融關系打下了一個堅實的基礎。

8.China‘s imports from the US，which amounted to $900 million in 1978，rose to nearly $ 3 billion in 1982.exports rose from $300 million to $ 2.3 billion during that period.Total Chinese trade has also risenj dramatically，from 1978 to 1983 Chinese exports increased from roughly 10 billion to 22 billion，while imports increased from 10 billion to just over 21 billion.中國從美國的進口額，從？？到由9億美元增至近30億美元，對美出口額在這期間也從3億美元增至23億美元。中國的對外貿易總額也急速攀升，中國的出口額從1978年的約100億美元增至1982年的220億美元，進口額與此同時也從100億美元增長到了210多個億美元。

9.joint ventures.Offshore oil exploration

合資企業，海上石油勘測

10.there are reasons to be optimistic and to expect that commercial and financial relationships will grow in the future.我們有理由保持樂觀的態度，有理由相信，未來貿易與金融關系會繼續發展。

11.Food production，industrial production.Light industries.糧食產量，工業生產，輕工業

12.I believe Chinese economic authorities recognize the problem and the next Five-Year Plan will address it effectively.我相信中國的經濟管理部門已認識到這個問題，在下一個“五年計劃”中定會有效地解決這一問題。

13.Britain lives by commerce.With 2% of the world‘s population，we are the world’s fifth largest trading nation.We rely more than any other major economy on the goods and services that we export，the investment that we attract and we make abroad.英國的生存依賴貿易。雖然英國人口只占全球的2%，它卻是世界第五大貿易國。英國對商品和服務出口以及對投資和引資的依賴超過了世界上其他主要經濟體。

14.outward investor，net income，the share of foreign investment.海外投資，凈收入，15.what this means is that Britain has direct experience of the benefits that international trade and investment generate.這意味著英國直接享受到了國際投資所帶來的利益。，國際投資的蓬勃發展符合我國利益。

16.that is the way to maximize her share of world markets； and——as the UK knows from direct experience——to attract the stimulus，the technology and the funding that inward investment can offer.最大限度地擴大其在世界上的市場份額的方法，英國從自身直接的經歷中體會到，吸引外資可以帶來動力，技術和資金。

17.嚴復——<天演論>，信—忠實，達—流暢，雅—爾雅，他并不十分重視“信”，他說“譯文取明深義，故詞句之間，時有所顛倒附益，不斤斤于字比句次。” 周煦良教授在“翻譯三論”一文中說： 我認為應當作為“得體”來理解。

18.multilateral disciplines.Brought this home.Zero-sum game.Finite stock.Donor and recipient.多邊條約，感觸頗深，盈利損失總體持平，經濟利益增長值，投資方與被投資方

19.立足國內資源，實現糧食基本自給，是中國解決糧食供需問題的基本方針。

The basic principle for solving the problem of grain supply and demand in China is to reply on the domestic resources and basically achieve self-sufficiency in grain.20.根據中國農業自然資源，生產條件，技術水平和其他發展條件，糧食增產潛力很大。

Natural agricultural resources，production conditions，technical level and some other conditions ensure great potential in this respect.21.即使考慮到土地報酬率遞減的因素，也是有條件實現的。

To achieve the target is totally possible even if the factor of diminishing land returns rate is considered.22.中國政府將在加強對現有耕地保護的同時，加快宜農荒地的開發和工礦廢棄地的復墾。

The Chinese government will make efforts to speed up the reclamation of wasteland suitable for farming as well as land discarded by factories and mines.23.inland waters，aquaculture，aquatic products，intensification，animal by-products，arbor foodstuffs.內陸水域，養殖，水產品，集約化，畜產品，木本食物。

UNIT 5 CULTURE

1.it‘s raining again.As I lie awake in bed，listening to the sound of those razor-sharp drops pounding on the pavement，my mind goes reeling down dark corridors teeming with agonizing flashbacks，and a chill from within fills me with dread.It’s raining，again.又下雨了，我躺在床上，睡不著，聽著雨點兒落在路面上啪啪作響。我思緒萬千，恍恍惚惚進入了一條條幽暗的甬道，回想起許多痛苦的往事。心里一陣冰涼，不禁感到毛骨悚然。是的，又在下雨了。

2.it does this every year in Southern California； at least that‘s what they told me last year when I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain.加利福尼亞南部，年年如此；去年，雨無情地下個不停。我表示驚異，人們就是這樣對我說的。

3.every child raised in the West knows about these dangers.At least that‘s what I used to think.I’m not so sure anymore.在西部長大的孩子都知道洪水的厲害。至少我過去是這樣想的，現在就不敢說的。

4.Habits form，however，and，in a child‘s mind，most of the time becomes all of the time，and nobody gives it much thought.Then the rains come.然而孩子們習以為常，在他們心目中，“大部分時間”變成了“全部時間”，而誰也沒有仔細去想這件事。后來就下起雨來了。

5.在理論方面，魯迅曾針對當時趙景深的“寧順而不信”的提法，提出了“寧信而不順”的主張。1935年，魯迅在“題未定‘草’”一文中又對翻譯作了新的概括。他說：“凡是翻譯，必須兼顧著兩面，一當然力求其易解，一則保存著原作的豐姿。”也就是說，翻譯既要通順，又要忠實。

6.Each day we make choices that affect our lives and，sometimes，the lives of others.每一天我們都要做出許多選擇，大部分是為自己，有的也為別人。

7.Somehow our path took us toward the park，across the footbridge high above the rolling water of the Los Angeles River.不知怎的，我們就踏上了通向公園的小路。

8.Many children were playing close to the water，and we were stunned by their ignorance and daring.The far bank.許多孩子在告近水邊的地方玩耍。他們的無知與魯莽把我倆看呆了。

9.He jumped into the water to get his bike and was carried rapidly downstream，a look of panic and horror registering on his young face.他跳進河里去撈車。急流一下子就把他給沖走了，他嚇壞了，臉上現出驚恐的表情。剎那間，我們要做出選擇。

10.the greatest instinct，I believe，is to help a child in need.我想，是本能驅使我們去救助一個危難中的孩子。

11.I could see that he had confronted much more than he could handle，even being as strong and athletic as he was.從艾勒的表情，我知道，盡管他身強力壯，但當時他面臨的困境是他無法擺脫的。

12.feeling of guilt，as a matter of course.That little was lucky to get out.內疚心理，理所當然，那孩子命大的話會脫險的。

13.Although both my parents died young，I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors.My maternal grandfather，it is true，was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven，but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty.我的父母年紀輕輕就去世了，可是說到祖輩，我還是選得不錯的。我外祖父固然是在風華正茂之年就棄世了，當時他只有六十七歲，但是我的祖父，祖母和外祖母卻都活到了八十以上。

14.my maternal grandmother，after having nine children who survived，one who died in infancy，and many miscarriages，as soon as she became a widow devoted herself to women‘s higher education.我外祖母有九個孩子活了下來，有一個孩子很小就死了，她還流產過多次。丈夫一死，她就致力于女子高等教育。

15.if you have wide and keen interests and activities in which you can still be effective，you will have no reason to think about the merely statistical fact of the number of years you have already lived，still less of the probable brevity of your future.你要是有廣泛的愛好和強烈的興趣，而且還有能力參加一些活動，你就沒有理由去考慮自己已經活了多少歲這樣的具體數字，更沒有理由去考慮自己的余年大概是很有限的了。

16.one‘s thoughts must be directed to the future，and to things about which there is something to be done.一個人應當考慮未來，考慮一些可以有所作為的事情。

17.It is easy to think to oneself that one‘s emotions used to be more vivid than they are，and one’s mind more keen.人們往往會對自己說，我過去感情多么豐富，思想多么敏銳，現在不行了。

18.the other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigour from its vitality.另一件需要避免的事就是老想和年輕人呆在一起，希望從青年的活力中吸取力量。

19.Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves，but human beings，owing to the length of infancy，find this difficult.動物，一旦它們的后代能夠自己照料自己，它們就不管了；但是人，由于撫養子女的時間長，是難以這樣做的。

20.在我國，從二十年代開始從事翻譯工作，從五十年代乃至八十年代還在討論翻譯問題的，大概只有兩個人，一個是郭沫若，一個就是茅盾。

21.I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities.我認為，如果老年人對個人以外的事情懷有強烈的興趣，并參加適當的活動，我們的晚年是最容易過得好的，他們的晚年才會是一生收獲的季節。

22.Yong men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.But in old man who has known human joys and sorrows，and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do，to fear of death is somewhat object and ignoble.年青時有這種想法是可以理解的。年青人害怕陣亡疆場，而且一想到人生最美好的一切就這么被葬送了，恐懼的心情會更加嚴重。這種恐懼無可厚非。但作為老年人，人生的悲歡離合你已都經歷過了，自己要做的事情也都做了，這時若還恐懼死亡，那就有些讓人瞧不起了。

23.An individual human existence should be like a river—— small at first，narrowly contained within its banks，and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.Gradually the river grows wider，the banks recede，the waters flow more quietly，and in the end，without any visible break，they become merged in the sea，and painlessly lose their individual being.一個人的一生應像一條河——起初窄窄的，夾在兩岸之中，急速地流動闃，沖過巖石，沖下瀑布，漸漸地，河面變寬了，兩岸變得越來越遠，河水靜靜地流動著，直到最后，再也沒有什么阻礙了，因為這時，你已融入了大海，毫無痛苦地結束了自己單獨存在的那一段歷程。

24.如今，能為他的這本散文集作序，我覺得很榮幸。

I find it a great honour to be asked to write a preface to this collection of his essays.25.<心上的河流>寫出了他對于小河流水的深情，這使我憶起死回我所熱愛的無邊的大海。

In “ A River at Heart”，he expressed his deep feelings towards the flowing water of a creek，which reminded me of my own love for the boundless，vast sea.26.這幾年，我因行動不便，整天過著“井蛙”的無聊生活，讀了這游記，絢麗生動得如經其境，給了我很大的快樂。

In recent years，unable to move about easily，I have been leading a dull life like that of “a frog at the bottom of a well”。Reading his travel notes gave me great pleasure because they are so colourful and vivid that I felt I was actually there.27.如同舊夢重溫一般，我回憶起1936年在倫敦的3個星期，在晝夜看不到日，月，星三光的濃霧之中，參觀了大英博物館，敏納斯教學——訪問了一些英國朋友。

Just like going through old dreams，I remembered the three weeks I had spent in London in 1936.during that time，when the sun，the moon and the stars were hidden behind the thick fog day and night，I visited the British Museum and the Westminster and called on my English friends.28.因為住處離羅浮宮很近，我就整個上午“泡”在羅浮宮里。

As I was very close to the Louvre，I would loiter in the palace the whole morning.29.吃過早餐，就出來坐在宮門臺附上，欣賞宮門口那一大座花壇，花壇里栽的是紅，黃，白，紫四色分明的盛開的郁金色。

After lunch，I would come out and sit on the steps at the entrance of the palace，enjoying the big flower beds near the gate filled with blooming tulips of distinctive red，yellow，white and purple.30.意大利是我最喜歡的一個歐洲國家。

One of my favourite European countries falls on Italy which is built of stone.31.佛羅倫薩給我留下的，除了美術館里的雕像和壁畫之外，還有一座座府弟墻壁上的燈座，每座燈下都有一只拴馬的鐵環，是聚會或宴客時拴馬用的，十分別致。

Things I can remember in Florence are the statues and murals in the Art Gallery as well as the lampstands on the walls of each house.Under each lampstand，there is q unique iron ring used to tie the horses when parties or banquets are held.UNIT 6 LITERATURES

1.重神似不重形似“這是在討論翻譯問題時常說的一句話。傅雷—人間喜劇，約翰。克利斯朵夫，最難應付的是原文中最簡單最明白而最短。

2.“No，no，no，” replied this individual，who was blond and vigorous and by nature a little irritable and contentious.“沒有，沒有，沒有，” 這個人回答說。他長得漂漂亮亮，精神飽滿，生性有點暴躁，喜歡爭吵。

3.茅盾：“直譯的意義若就淺處說，只是‘不妄改原文的字句’；就深處說，還求‘能保留原文的情調與風格。”

4.“No，sir，but couldn‘t I pick it up pretty quick if I tried hard？”

“是沒干過，先生。但只要我用心，很快就會學會的，是吧？”

5.Clyde，left alone in this fashion，and not knowing just what it meant，stared，wondering.克萊德就這么給甩在這兒了，弄不明白什么意思，兩眼直愣愣地想呀想呀。

6.著名翻譯家王佐良教授以翻譯英詩為主，兼及散文和戲劇。1980年出版的他的<英國詩文選擇集>中，有他譯的袁斯詩11首，雪萊詩8詩，麥克迪兒米詩10首，有他譯的培根的散文3篇，科貝特的散文6篇。1985年出版了他譯的<彭斯詩選>.此外他還曾將曹禺的<雷雨>譯成英語。

7.I remember my childhood names for grasses and secret flowers.我記得兒時給各種小草和隱蔽的小花取的名字。

8.It required only a rich winter of rain to make it break forth in grass and flowers.只要經歷一個雨量充足的冬季，草呀，花呀，就會長出來。

9.when June came the grasses headed out and turned brown，and the hills turned a brown which was not brown but a gold anad saffron and red——an indescribable color.到6月，草就已經長高了，顏色也變成棕色了。山則顯出一種特別的棕色，說棕也不是棕，有點金黃，有點桔黃，還有點紅——也形容不出是個什么顏色。

10.It was a rasping nervous wind，and the dust particles cut into a man‘s skin and burned his eyes.大風讓人們煩躁焦慮，塵土的微粒剮著人的臉，刺痛人的眼睛。

11.The land cracked and the springs dried up and the cattle listlessly nibbled dry twings.土地龜裂，泉水干枯，牛兒無精打采地啃著干樹枝。

12.The tall，well-dressed gentleman standing before me was certainly a far cry from the old sea wolf of my imagination.站在我面前的是一位身材高大，衣著講究的先生，與我先前想像的老海怪完全不同。

13.A delighted giggle cut through the severe silence.The ice was broken.We all laughed.一陣咯咯的歡笑聲打破了嚴肅而沉寂的氣氛。誰也不拘束了，大家都笑了起來。

14.在舊社會，我們評劇演員常常掙錢不夠吃飯，藝人們大都是拉家帶口，生活困難。

In the old society，Pinju players seldom made enough to live on.And as most were saddled with big families their life was hard.15.臘月二十三封箱，把“祖師爺”請到前臺去，后臺冷冷清清，演員們就更苦了，要等到年初一開戲了，才能掙到錢。

On the twenty-third of the twelfth lunar month，when theatres closed and the patron saint of actors was invited to the front stage，leaving the backstage deserted，actors were even worse off，unable to earn any more until the reopening on New Year‘s Day.16.真是一個錢撕成八瓣用，心里總是想著怎樣能夠改善家里的困境。

Each single copper had to be eked out，and I kept racking my brains for ways to improve our difficult conditions.17.每天天不亮戴著星星去排隊，工廠沒開大門就排上老長的隊了。

We had to queue up before dawn when there were still stars in the sky.A long queue formed before the mill‘s gate opened.18.可我從頭到腳淋成了落湯雞了。

I was drenched from head to foot like a drowned rat.UNIT 8 POPULAR SCIENCE

1.there were three groups of oils； animal，vegetable and mineral.油可以分為三大類：動物油，植物油，礦物油。

2.a few other creatures yield oil，but non so much as whale.有些動物也出油，但都沒有鯨魚出得多。

3.Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity.植物油從古以來就為人們所熟悉。

4.To it we owe the existence of the motor-car，which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse，to it we owe the possibility of flying.就是因為有了這種油，我們才能用上汽車，以代替馬車。就是因為有了這種油，我們才有可能飛行。

5.two metal surfaces rubbing together cause friction and heat； but if they are separated by a thing film of oil，the friction and heat are reduced.No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated.兩個金屬面相擦，就要產生摩擦和熱；但如果在它們之間抹上薄薄的一層油，就可以減少磨擦，降低熱度。

6.the statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at a map showing that chief oilfields of the world； very few of them are far distant from the oceans of today.石油原于大海的這種觀點是被人們所認可的，你要看一眼世界主要油井的分布圖就一目了然了，幾乎沒有遠離現在海洋的油井。

7.the rocks in which oil is found are of marine origin too.石油存在處的巖石也都有海洋的淵源。

8.A very common sedimentary rock is called shale，which is a soft rock and was obviously formed by being deposited on the sea bed.And where there is shale there is likely to be oil.一塊極普通的沉積巖叫頁巖，這種頁巖質地松軟，很明顯是通過海底沉積作用形成的。有頁巖的地方，極有可能有石油。

9.the drill may just miss the oil although it is near； on the other hand，it may strike oil at a fairly high level.有時石油雖就在附近，但因為沒鉆準地兒，結果還是一無所獲。有時呢，就這么一鉆，石油就噴出好高好高。

10.when the crude oil is obtained from the field，it is taken to the refineries.Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed.從油田獲得的原油要被送到煉油廠進行處理。接下來再將獲得的汽體濃縮后成為煤油。

11.We stand now where two roads diverge.But unlike the roads in Robert Frost‘s familiar poem，they are not equally fair

我們正處在兩條道路分岔的地方。但是并不像我們所熟悉的羅伯特。佛羅斯特詩中所說的，這兩條路是同樣的好。

12.right to know

知情權

13.A truly extraordinary variety of alternatives to the chemical control of insects is available.除了用化學方法控制昆蟲以外，還有其他各種非常奇妙的方法可以利用。

14.All have this in common： they are biological solutions，based on understanding of the living organisms they seek to control，and of the whole fabric of life to which these organisms belong.所有這些方法都有一個共同點：他們都是生物的解決辦法，其基礎是人們對所要控制的生物體的了解，以及對這些生物體整個生活狀況的了解。

15.It has its obscure and unpretentious beginning； its quite stretches as well as its rapids； its periods of drought as well as of fullness.其源頭，隱隱約約，并不引人注目；其流勢，時而平緩，時而湍急；其水情，有汛期，也有枯謁期。

16.Dr.Knipling was ready for a full-scale test of his theory.尼普林教授已在佛羅里達島進行了一些實地預備性實驗，并計劃大規模地實踐其理論。

17.the resounding success of the Curacao experiment whetted the appetities of Florida livestock raisers for a similar feat that whould relieve them of the scourge of screw-worms.庫拉索島上的實驗大獲成功。這引起了佛羅里達州特征畜飼養者的興趣，他們希望借助這一成果幫他們擺脫螺旋鈴繩這一禍害。

18.prearranged flight parents.事先安排好的飛行隊形。

19.中國還對廣闊的大陸架和專屬經濟區行使主權權利和管轄權；中國的海域處在中，低緯度地帶，自然環境和資源條件比較優越。人工養殖。

China also exercises sovereignty and jurisdiction over the vast continental shelves and exclusive economic zone，as defined by the Un Convention on the Law of the Sea.Located in medium and low latitudes，China‘s sea areas have comparatively advantageous natural environmental and resource conditions.20.所謂上下文一般是指該語言單位的語言環境。所謂狹義上下文是指句子的上下文，即在一個句子的范圍內該單位周圍的的一些語言單位。所謂廣義上下文是指該單位的超出句子范圍的語言環境，這就是話語上下文，即在該單位的周圍，在該單位之外，亦即在與之毗連的各個句子的語言單位的總和。狹義上下文又可以分為句法上下文和詞匯上下文。

所謂環境，是指：1.交際環境，媽了實現交行行為的環境； 2.通報主題，即話語中描述的一情景； 3.交際參與者，即說者與聽者。

UNIT 9 LAW

1.As recently as the early 1960s，the phrase “environmental law” would probably have produced little more than a puzzled look，even from lany lawyers.早在六十年代初，甚至連許多律師接觸到“環保法” 這個詞兒，大半也只會感到納決而已。

2.enforcement power，environmental statutes.Court of apples.Federal Power Commission.Grant a licese

執法權力，環境法，上訴法院，聯邦電力委員會，頒發許可證。

3.A powerful indictment of America‘s disregard of ecology，Silent Spring was aimed chiefly at the wholesale use of chemical pesticides，especially DDT.In 1965 a court action took place that ranks in environmental importance with the publication of Silent Spring.不久以后，在1962年雷切爾。卡林所著，名為<沉默的春天>一書問世了><沉默的春天>有力的控訴了美國之忽視生態，它主要是針對大規模使用農藥——特別是嘀滴涕。1965年又發生了一件訴訟，其對環境之重要意義，不亞于<沉默的春天>之出版。

4.strip mining，noise pollution，offshore oil drilling，waste disposal.Aerosol cans，and nonreturnable beverage containers.露天采礦，噪音污染，深海鉆油，廢物排放，噴霧器罐及一次性飲料容器。

5.in fact，there is hardly a realm of national life that is not touched by the controversy that often pits those who style themselves environmentalists against proponents of economic growth in our energy-consumming society.The problem is to balance the needs of the environment against those of the economy or consumers trying to cope with the high cost of living without destroying the earth on which we all depend.實際上，人類生活的方方面面都同這個爭議密切相關。那些自稱為環保主義者的人十分關注這個皺議，他們反對社會消耗能源以求發展經濟。問題其實是要在環保需求同經濟消耗需求之間找到平衡，既滿足生存的高消耗又不能破壞我們依賴的地球。

7.enacting legislation，Clean open land.Clean Air Act Amendment.State legislatures.Bills.Hearings.Private lobbies.Labor unions.Trade-offs.Immediate future.Taken into account.實行規范，空置土地，凈化空氣法案，凈化空所修正法案，各州立法機構，條款，聽證會，行業協會，勞工會，8.the contracting states.copyright protection

international systems.Copyright proprietors.Cinematographic works.締約國，成員國，版權保護，世界版權保護制度，版權所有者，電影的作品

9.For the purpose of this Convention any Contracting State may，by domestic legislation，assimilate to its own nationals any person domiciled in that State.為實施本公約，任何成員國均可按照國內立法，將經常居住于該國的任何人按本國國民對待。

10.Director-General，signatory States.Come into force.委員會主席，締約國。

生效。

11.each Contracting State undertakes to adopt，in accordance with its Constitution，such measures as are necessary to ensure the application of this Convention

各締約國應依據其憲法采取有效措施保證此公約的實施。

12.it is understood that at the date this convention cones into force in respect of any State，that State must be in a position under its domestic law to give effect to the terms of this Convention.須明確的是此公約在締約國內一經生效，該國就應依據其國內法律實施公約的各項條款。

13.中華人民共和國

People‘s Republic of China

14.國際經濟合作和技術交流，平等互利的原則

International economic cooperation and technological exchange.On the principle of equality and mutual benefit.15.合營企業的一切活動應遵守中華人民共和國法律，法令和有關條例規定。

All activities of an equity joint venture shall comply with the provisions of the laws，decrees and pertinent regulations of the PRC.16.合營各方，主管部門，工商行政管理主管部門。有限責任公司。注冊資本。

Parties to the venture，competent department，State‘s competent department in charge of industry and commerce administration.Limited liability company.Registered capital.17.合營企業各方可以現金，實物，工業產權等進行投資。

The parties to an equity joint venture may make their investment in cash，in kind or in industrial property rights.18.董事會，企業發展規劃，生產經營活動方案，收支預算，利潤分配，勞動工資計劃。

Board of directors； the venture‘s development plans，proposals for production and business operations.The budget for revenues and expenditure，the distribution of profits.The plans concerning manpower and wages.19.毛利潤，所得稅，儲備基金，職工獎勵及福利基金，企業發展基金，凈利潤，注冊資本

Net profit.Income tax.Reserve fund.A bonus and welfare fund for workers and staff members and a venture expansion fund

20.外匯帳戶，外匯管理條例，Foreign exchange transactions.Regulations on foreign exchange control.21.合營企業所需原材料，燃料，配套件等，應盡先在中國購買，也可由合營企業界自籌外匯，直接在國際市場上購買。

In its purchase of required raw and processed materials.Fuels，auxiliary equipment，etc.an equity joint ventures should first give priority to purchases in China.It may also make such purchases directly on the world market with foreign exchange raised by itself.22.外籍職工，個人所得稅，不可抗力，全國人民代表大會

Foreign employee.Individual income tax.Force majeure.National People‘s Congress.UNIT 10 SPEECHES

1.distinguished guests.On behalf of.Incomparable hospitality.諸位貴賓。謹代表。盛情款待。

2.Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.我在外國從來沒有聽到過演奏得這么好的美國音樂。

3.gracious and eloquent remarks.Common ground.At the outset.Common interests.盛情和雄辯的講話。合作的共同點。一開始。共同利益。

4.we have acquired a keen sense of the diversity，dynamism，and progress of China under your policies of reform and opening to the outside world.我們強烈地感受到你們所進行的改革和對外開放政策給中國帶來的多樣化，活力和進步。

5.more than eight years have passed since Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping and I joined hands to establish full diplomatic relations between our two great nations.自從鄧小平副總理和我共同建立我們兩個偉大國家之間的正式外交關系以來，已經八年多了。

6.sino-American relationship.The forging of firm Sino-American ties.National security policies.中美關系。

建立牢固的中美關系。

國家安全政策。

7.strategic relations.Non-government sectors.戰略關系，非政府部門

8.in this context，it is important for our two societies to search for areas of cooperation which clearly add to our mutual benefit.在這種情況下，兩國尋求能明顯帶來互惠互利的合作領域便顯得尤為重要。

9.in the area of public health.Although ours is relatively quite small，such activities，when combined with our common foreign policy interests and a growing commercial relationship，should help to remove the lingering fragility in Sino-American relations.在公共健康領域方面。盡管我方所占比例較小，但此次項目，涉及我們基本對外政策的利害關系及不斷增進的商業關系，必將有助于消除中美關系中長期存在的不穩定因素。

10.先有哈佛，后有美利堅合眾國，這說明了哈佛在美國歷史上的地位。

The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of American testifies to its position in the American history.11.中國教育界，科學界，文化界一直同哈佛大學保持著學術交流。

The Chinese educational，scientific and cultural communities have all along maintained academic exchange with this university.12.中國在自己發展的長河中，形成了優良的歷史文化傳統。

In the prolonged course of its development，China has formed its fine historical and cultural traditions

第四篇：英語翻譯總結

1.因特網能讓世界各地的人們分享信息。

The Internet can let people all over the world to share information 2網上沖浪不能代替家庭作業。

Surfing the Internet doesn’t take the place of the homework.3.青少年要遠離他們不可以觀看的網站。

Teenagers to keep away from the websites they should not look at.4發送電子郵件既便宜又省錢。Send E-mail simple have to save money.5她很少忘記做功課。

She seldom forgets to do her homework.6.每年有許多外國人來我國參觀訪問。Every year many foreigers come to visit in China.7.孰能生巧。Practice makes perfect.8他們委托一位建筑師設計這座新圖書館。

They commissioned an architect to desigh the new library.9不管你用什么方式上下班，你總是可以有效利用你的時間

No matter how you commute ,you can always take advantage of the time you have.10.他們前天從國外返回上海。

They returned to Shanghai form abroad the day before yesterday.11.今天早上你忘了叫醒我。You forget to wake me up this morning.12.一年級學生花了許多時間學習英語。

Students in Grade1 spent a lot of time learning English.13.十年前他的煙癮很大。Ten year ago ,he smoking heavily.14.這個籃子看起來沒有預期的那樣密不透水。

The basket did not seen to be as dense watertight as expected.15.這架飛機明天首航。

The plane will make her frist flight tomorrow.16.什么事情都逃不過他的眼睛。Nothing can escape his eyes /attention.17.我想我是鎖了門，但我還是回去查看一下吧。

I think I have locked the door ,but I still went to go back to look at it.18我們已經失敗100次，但總有一天我們會贏的。.We have failed one hundred times,But one day we will win.19.他們聽了我的課，但是我不知道他們領會了多少.They have listened to my lecture ,but I don’t kown how much they have taken in.20有時我們自己帶食物，有時我們在那兒買。

Sometimes we take food with us and sometimes we buy food there.21.你看書時他從你身邊過去的。

You were reading a book when he pessed by you.22.他說他的生活越來越好。

He said that his life was becoming better and better.23.天氣好像不錯。It seems a find day.24醫生囑咐他臥床休息。

The doctor ordered him to stay in bed.25成千上萬的中學生甚至對一些基本技能也十分無知。Ten of thousand of middle School students are ignotant about even Basic skill.

第五篇：英語翻譯總結

翻譯總結

一 翻譯中運用的理論

通常我們所熟悉的，嚴復的三字標準“信、達、雅”（Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance）。用今天的話來說，“信”就是忠實準確，“達”就是通順流暢，“雅”就是文字古雅。嚴復的“信、達、雅”被公認為翻譯標準，其影響深遠。它對商務英語的翻譯同樣指導作用，商務英語要求語言嚴謹、準確就要做到“信”，同時在“信”的基礎上追求“達、雅”。

理解（comprehension）可分為廣義理解和狹義理解。廣義理解指對原文作者的個人、原文產生的時代背景、作品的內容以及原文讀者對該作品的反映。狹義的理解僅指對原作文本的理解。這中理解主要包括語法分析、語義分析、語體分析和語篇分析（grammatical analysis, semantic analysis, stylistic analysis and text analysis）。理解是翻譯成功與否的先決條件和重要步驟，務必正確可靠，杜絕謬誤。

語義分析（Semantic Analysis）是語言分析的一個分支，說明處在一定語境中，按照一定次序排列的詞項之間的語義關系，探索詞項的意義。把握好原語的全部意義，是翻譯成效的關鍵。

翻譯實踐最基本方法是直譯和意譯。直譯（literal translation）：為了把原文的意思完整的表達出來，基本保留原文的語言形式（詞語、句子結構、修辭手法、民族和地方特色）的方式，做到在內容和形式兩方面都忠實于原作。意譯（liberal translation）：在直譯不能忠實于原文意義的情況下，需要譯者擺脫原文形式的束縛，用符合譯入語語言規范的方式重現原文意義的翻譯方式。

釋義是指舍棄原文中的具體形象，直接解釋出原文的意思。在翻譯一些具有鮮明民族色彩的詞語（如成語、典故）時，如果直譯不能使譯入語讀者明白意思，而加注又使譯文太嚕嗦，并且原文重意不重形、重意不重典時，可采用釋義法。它既可使譯文簡潔明了，又不損害對原文信息的傳達。

增詞：在譯文的詞量上作適當的增加，使譯文既能忠實地傳達原文的內容和風格，又能符合譯入語的表達習慣。增詞一般出于三種考慮：語法需要，意義需要，修辭需要。減詞：將原文中需要而譯文中又不需要的詞語省去。

句子成分轉換是指英語中的某一句子成分譯成漢語時轉換成另一種句子成分。句子成分轉換在主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語之間展開。由于英語和漢語語言習慣的不同，在表達的語序上是由差異的，語序的不同也導致了成分的變化，所以翻譯時會遇到句子成分的轉換。二 翻譯心得技巧

我談談具體翻譯時的一些技巧: 大家大概都應預先清楚明白自己專業方向的國內牛人，在這里我強烈建議我們仔細看完這些頭上長角的人物的中英文文章，這對你在專業方向的英文和中文互譯水平提高有很大幫助。

通常我們最蹩腳的實質上是寫英文論文，而非看英文論文，但話說回來我們最終提高還是要從看英文論文開始。提到會看，我想它是有竅門的，總結如下：

1、把不同方面的論文分夾存放，在看論文時，對論文必須做到看完后完全明白（你重視的論文）；懂得其某部分講了什么（你需要參考的部分論文），在看明白這些論文的情況下，我們大家還得緊接著做的工作就是把論文中你覺得非常巧妙的表達寫下來，或者是你論文或許能用到的表達摘記成本。這個本將是你以后的財富。你寫論文時再也不會為了一些表達不符合西方表達模式而煩惱。

2、把摘記的內容自己編寫成檢索，這個過程是我們對文章再回顧，而且是對你摘抄的經典妙筆進行梳理的重要階段。你有了這個過程。寫英文論文時，將會有一種信手拈來的感覺。許多文筆我們不需要自己再翻譯了。當然前提是你梳理的非常細，而且中英文對照寫的比較詳細。

3、最后一點就是我們往大成修煉的階段了，萬事不是說成的，它是做出來的。寫英文論文也就像我們小學時開始學寫作文一樣，你不練筆是肯定寫不出好作品來的。所以在此我鼓勵大家有時嘗試著把自己的論文強迫自己寫成英文的，一遍不行，可以再修改。最起碼到最后你會很滿意。我想我是這么覺得的。

其實，不管是表達還是思維，我們在學習英語的時候一定要多下苦工，要在不斷學習的過程中提高自己的英語能力，這可以說是學習英語的前提。英語的學習，是一個長期積累的過程，在這個學習過程中，我們一定要掌握一些英語學習的方法和技巧，讓英語學習變得更加有趣，這樣可以提高大家的英語能力，培養良好的英語學習習慣。