第一篇：蔣軍虎課程筆記

2012年11月3日清華經管蔣軍虎課程筆記

一． 題型分析

1.完型填空

a.20題，每題0.5分，共計10分

b.雞脅題型，性價比不高

c.總分少，題量大，時間花得多

d.建議：先做其他，最后做完型填空

2.閱讀理解A

a.4篇文章，每篇5題，每題2分，共計40分

b.建議：通過精讀80篇熟悉問題類型，達到30分左右目標

3.閱讀理解B

a.新題型：信息匹配

a.7選5

b.難度低，送分題

c.不要通讀，要尋讀，查讀

d.如果有可能，使用詞性進行判斷，幫助尋找答案

e.如無可能使用詞性，則尋找關鍵詞，回文章進行定位尋找答案 b.新題型：段落標題匹配

a)7選5

b)難度低，送分題

c)不需要讀文章第一段，如果有最后一段總結也無需讀

d)注意標題是概括標題的后面一段

e)先讀七個標題，然后尋找關鍵詞或大意。

4.翻譯

a.不要畏難，把知道的詞翻譯出來，盡可能使句子通順

b.練習方法：精讀3年內的英語二真題，每份卷子9篇文章，進行翻譯

5.寫作

a.小作文，小作文為應用文，要寫到120字左右，類型可能為書信，備

忘錄，報告等，準備以書信為主，兼顧其它。

b.大作文，圖表情景，圖畫情景，文字情景，準備以圖表情景為主，兼

顧其他。要寫到180字左右。

c.寫作的性價比最高，想要過小分線的，需要在作文上進行突擊。

二．小作文攻略

1.真題歷史

10年，書信，感謝信+邀請信

11年，書信，祝賀信+建議信

12年，書信，投訴信

2.評分原則與標準

a.內容完整性與連貫性

b.語言的準確性與多樣性

c.卷面整潔性

d.卷面規范性

3.書信作文的準備（10類）

a.建議信推薦信

b.求職信辭職信

c.感謝信道歉信

d.申請信/請求信邀請性

e.祝賀信投訴信

最可能出現的：建議信，求職信

歷年英語一考試類型：

? 05 辭職

? 06 請求

? 07 建議

? 08 道歉

? 09 建議

? 10 通知

? 11 道歉

? 12 建議

4.書信格式

a.齊頭式X

b.縮進式

5.書信的結構

a.HeadingX

b.Inside addressX

c.Salutation

d.Body

e.Signature

f.PostscriptX

g.AttachmentX

6.稱呼(Salutation)

a.機構/組織

To whom it may concern,To those concerned,Dear Sir or Madam,b.朋友，熟人

Dear Judy,Dear Li Ming,c.具體身份的人

Dear Mr.Wang,Dear Editor,Dear President,Dear Professor,d.某一群體

Dear friends,7.Signature

a.位置：最行一行，中間靠右的位置

Yours faithfully,Yours truly,Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours,Truly yours,Faithfully yours,Li Ming

8.Body

a.Para 1

i.S1: 自我介紹（根據指令此句有可能省略）

ii.S2：表明寫信的目的（備+借）

iii.備：提前準備好的固定句式，短句

iv.借：題目中的要求文字

b.Para 2

i.3句到5句話，最常用四句，最短3句，最長5句

ii.一般采用總分式結構，如果已在第一段中總述，則只需分述

部分

c.Para 3

i.2句到3句

ii.禮貌性收尾

iii.感謝，祝福，期待（備）

9.必備寫作材料

a.備---《英語二高分作文老蔣筆記》

b.背（誦）

c.背（寫）

d.仿（寫）

e.改（修改）

10.審題意識（*****）

a.致信對象

b.書信性質

c.表達借用（借用指令，通常在第一段中借用）

11.例文

提綱：

? Para1

? S1：寫信目的1，祝賀

? S2：寫信目的2，建議

? Para2

? S1: 電腦

? S2: 英語

? S3: 溝通能力

? Para3

? S1: 期待采取建議

? S2: 祝福有多姿多彩大學生活

Dear Li Ming,I’m writing the letter for the purpose of congratulating you on being admitted to Sichuan

University.And I’d like to give you some suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.To begin with,(At the top of the list/First and foremost)it’s advisable for you to be equipped with some computer skills, considering that we are in a hi-tech era.In addition

(Moreover/Furthermore/What’s more), I would recommend that you should continue studying English in your spare time, which will lay a solid foundation for your future study aboard.Last but not the least(In the end/Finally/In the last place), emphasis should be put on

communication skills as well as academic achievements.I genuinely hope that you will take my advice into serious consideration.Wish you a splendid university life.Sincerely yours, Zhang Wei

Legend:

Blue: Frame sentencesRed: From questionsGreen: Prepared phrases.參考學習資料：

主要：《英語二真題老蔣詳解》 Black: Your task

輔助：

寫作：《高分作文》 閱讀：《80篇》 真題學習要求：

a.b.c.d.自測（18分鐘內）看解析，看視頻 研讀詞，句，篇 英譯漢 e.熟讀文章

第二篇：蔣軍虎英語作文(簡潔版)

一、英文考試做題順序

蔣軍虎老師建議的做題順序： 第一步，閱讀

第二步，寫作，小作文和大作文 第三步，翻譯

第四步，完形填空。

順序原因：一切圍繞考分重點，即閱讀和寫作來投精力。完形填空作為時間的替補。

二、英文小作文通用要求和注意事項

1，格式規范：如作文標題，書信的開關及落款

2，書寫整潔：閱卷規定，書寫不清可以降低1檔（3分左右）

3，虎頭豹尾：作文的開頭、結尾都要用事先準備好的范句，不可出錯。前三句即決定成績。4，避免明錯：作文要用保險的方法，不要出明顯差錯，如時態，單復數，虛擬語氣等。備注：

1，老師閱卷是將試卷掃描成電子版，在電子版上閱卷，所以不能寫出界，否則掃描不上 2，小作文和大作文可以有重復的句子出現。因小作文和大作文是不同老師流水線改卷。

三、小作文種類 1，作文通用要求

MBA英語二的寫作25分，分為：

A節：小作文，10分，種類：A1，應用文:書信，備忘錄，報告，通知，便箋

字數要求100字，一定要大于100字 B節：大作文：15分，三類：

B1，文字情景作文，05，08，09，傳統考法

B2，圖表情景作文：考試年份：06，07，10，本年備考重點 B3，圖畫情景作文：考試年份：98，99，2008，2010，2，十種書信

2.1 書信通用要求:標準格式，142陣形

書信格式：要求采用縮進式，縮進可以4或8個字母 書信結構：

1，稱呼頂格：個人：Dear Sir/Madam/Judy/Jack,(用逗號)機構：Dear Sir or Madam, /To whom it may concern, / To those concerned, 專業：Dear Mr.Wang, / Dear Professor Wang, / Dear Editor Wang, 2，正文縮進4字.通常分三段，句子數量：1，4，2，或1，5，2內容為： 首段：寫信目的1句

中段：寫信詳情4或5句，通常1句總述，3到4句分述 尾段：收尾2句，S1：感謝看信，S2：期待回信 3，落款在右邊：

Yours truly, / Yours faithfully,/ Yours sincerely, NAME 2.2求職信、申請信application letter/cover letter & Applying letter 1，outline：

P1【寫信目的求職】P2【我有資質.教育背景.工作經驗.自身素質】P3【感激面試.期待回應】 Para1, S1, writing the letter, purpose, applying for a position Para2,S1,my qualifications, meet your requirements

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S2,In the first place, major, in line with this job

S2,In the second, previous work experience, help lay a solid foundation

S3,Inaddition, a good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn

S4,refer to my resume attached, for more details.Para3,S1,would appreciate it a lot, schedule an interview

S2,Looking forward, to your reply, at your earliest con-ven-ien-ce.3，Example 1：application letter Dear Sir or Madam, I’m writing this letter for the purpose of applying for the position [as posted in the newspaper].My qualifications, I believe, just amply meet your requirements.In the first place, my major, English, is perfectly in line with this job.In the second, my previous work experience [as a middle-school English teacher] has helped lay a solid foundation for the work here.In addition, I am a good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn.Please refer to my resume attached for more details.I would appreciate it a lot if you could schedule an interview for me.Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Yours truly，Li Ming Key words：

Application 申請；Apply 申請；Position 職位；Post 職位；Qualifications資質;Background: bachelor Master Doctor;work experience: solid foundation(良好的基礎);team player, self-motivated, eager to learn(渴望學習)

4，Example 2: applying letter To whom it may concern, I’m writing the letter for the purpose of applying to be a volunteer for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.My qualifications, I believe, just amply meet your requirements.In the first place, my specialty, English, is perfectly in agreement with the job.In the second, my previous work experiences as a social volunteer has helped lay a solid foundation for the work here.Moreover, I am a good team player, self-motivated, eager to learn.I would appreciate it a lot if you could schedule an interview for me.Looking forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.Yours truly，Li Ming 2.3推薦信recommendation letter 1, outline P1【寫信目的推薦.在找工作】P2【符合要求.有經驗.有素質.值得考慮】P3【感謝.期待回應】 Para1,S1,recommend to you S2, seek employment as a sales manager Para2,s1,amply meet your requirements S2, rich experiences, help lay a solid foundation S3,good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn

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S4, certain, deserve your consideration Para3,s1, pay due attention, s2, look forward, your reply, at your earliest con-ven-ien-ce 2, example Dear Judy, I’m writing the letter for the purpose of recommending to your Li Ming, one of my best collages.He is seeking employment as a sales manager in your company.As far as I know, his qualifications amply meet your requirements.In the first place, his rich experiences as a sales manager has helped lay a solid foundation for the work here.In the second, he is a good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn.Accordingly, I’m certain that he deserves your consideration.Thanks a lot for paying due attention to the letter.I’m looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Yours truly，Li Ming 2.4辭職信resignation letter 1, Outline: P1【寫信目的辭職】P2【不合適.沒挑戰.低工資.要辭職】P3【謝機會.感sorry】 Para1, S1, resign from my current position Para2,S1,After several months of work, find it in-appro-priate, take the position,following reasons S2,expected the job to, be both challenging and rewards, turn out to be the opposite S3,salary, has proved to be a lot lower, you originally promised S4, As a result, make up my mind, to quit, after much de-libera-tion Para3,S1,having offered me, the golden oppor-tunity to work, with the outstanding staff here S2,I am sorry, for any in-con-ven-ience caused.2, Example: Dear Mr.Jack, I’m writing the letter for the purpose of resigning from my current position.After several months of work, I find it inappropriate for me to take the position [as an editor] for the following reasons.In the first place, I ever expected the job to be both challenging and rewards which has turned out to be the opposite.In the second, the salary has proved to be a lot lower than you originally promised and I have a large family to support.As a result, I’ve made up my mind to quit the job after much deliberation.Thanks a lot for having offered me the golden opportunity to work with the outstanding staff here.I sincerely hope you will approve of my resignation.I am genuinely sorry for any inconvenience caused.Yours truly，Li Ming Key words: Resignation 辭職，position 職位, inappropriate 不適合的;challenging 挑戰的;offer 提供;golden opportunity 絕佳機會.After much deliberation 深思熟慮 2.5建議信suggestion letter/advice letter 1, outline: P1【寫信目的建議】P2【情況危急.必須行動.公眾意識.相關部門.大眾媒體】P3【感謝.期待】 Para1, S1, convey my deepest concern，3 / 12

Para2,S1, must be pointed out, current situation, is going from bad to worse.S2, accordingly, it’s urgent, take effective measures.S3,enhance the public’s awareness of gravity of it.S4, appeal to, relevant department, set up stick regulations, against it S5, mass media, help devise ways, easing the bad trend Para3,S1,pay due attention S2, looking forward, see some new changes 2, Example 1: 宏觀大建議 To whom it may concern, I am writing the letter for the purpose of conveying my deepest concern about the “White paper”.It must be pointed out that the current situation is going from bad to worse.Accordingly, it’s urgent for us to take effective measures.In the first place, we should enhance the public’s awareness of the gravity of it.In the second, we should appeal to the relevant department to set up strict regulations against it.[For example, changing more on the plastic bags].In addition, mass media should help devise ways of easing the bad trend.Thanks a lot for paying due attention to the letter.Looking forward to seeing some new changes in the society soon.Yours truly，Li Ming Key words: Deepest concern 最深切的關注；convey 表達；suggestion 建議;going bad to worse 變得更壞；effective measure 有效手段;enhance 加強;awareness 意識;help devise ways 想方設法;deteriorating 惡化

3, Example 2: 具體事件小建議 To Sir or Madam, I’m a student from the Department of Foreign Languages and I am writing the letter for the purpose of making some suggestions about the library’s service.It must be pointed out that the present situation is going from bad to worse.Accordingly, it’s imperative for us to take effective measures.To begin with, why not set up an inquiry desk at the circulation hall? In addition, the students should have access to the latest issues of foreign magazines.Finally, you’d better maintain strict order in the reading room.Thanks a lot for pay due attention to the letter.Looking forward to seeing some new changes in our library room.Yours truly，Li Ming.2.6感謝信thanks letter[2010 年真題，今年不太可能再考] 1, Outline Para1, S1, 寫信目的：感謝,thanks Para2,S1,原因1：友好熱情 S2，原因2：慷慨幫助 S3，原因3：友誼 S4，內容：感謝方式 Para3,S1，再次感謝 S2，祝福 Key words:Generous 慷慨的;2, Example

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Dear Judy, I’m writing the letter for the purpose of conveying my thanks for your warm reception [during my recent visit to your country].Your friendly warmth made it possible that I have a pleasant time in America.And it was your generous help that allowed me the chance to know the American culture better.In addition, I consider in an honor for me to make a friends of you.I hope that you would visit our country in due course so that I could enjoy the opportunity to repay your kindness and refresh our friendship.Please accept my sincere thanks.Wish you all the best.Yours truly，Li Ming 2.7祝賀信congratulation letter 1, Outline: P1【寫信目的祝賀】P2【得來不易.激動.值得.鼓勵.驕傲】P3【祝賀.期待】 Para1,S1,convey my sincere con-gratu-lations Para2,S1,how hard you’ve worked, to attain this goal.S2,imagine your excitement, realize such an ambition.S3, more deserving than you S4, real encouragement, to see your pains rewarded.Para3,S1, accept my sincere congratulations.S2, wish you still further success Key words: Excitement 激動;attain 取得;ambition 追求;deserve 值得 2, example Dear Judy, I’m writing the letter for the purpose of expressing my sincere congratulations on [your promotion to general manager of the company].I know how hard you’ve worked to attain this goal.Therefore, I can imagine your excitement when you realized such an ambition.Indeed, no one could have been more deserving than you.On the other hand, for me, it would be a real encouragement to see your pains rewarded.[ In short, I take great pride in your achievements].Please accept my sincere congratulations.I wish you still further success.Yours truly，Li Ming 2.8道歉信apology letter 1, outline P1【寫信目的道歉】P2【道歉原因.道歉.解釋，補救】P3【道歉.請求原諒】 Para1,S1,make a sincere apology, for my carelessness Para2,s1，S2, fell awfully sorry S3, try my best , as soon as possible Para3,s1, accept my heartfelt apology, S2, hope you can forgive, for my carelessness 2, example Dear Judy，5 / 12

I’m writing the letter for the purpose of making a sincere apology to you for my carelessness.When I arrived home, I found I had forgotten to return the music CD that you lent me.I fell awfully sorry for this.As I understand this CD is one of your favorites, I’ll try my best to send it back as soon as possible.Please accept my heartfelt apology.I genuinely hope you can forgive me for my carelessness.Yours truly，Li Ming 2.9投訴信complaint letter 1, outline P1【寫信目的投訴】P2【道歉原因.道歉.解釋，補救】P3【道歉.請求原諒】 Para1,S1,make a sincere apology, for my carelessness 2, example To whom it may concern, I’m writing the letter for the purpose of make a complaint about the laptop I bought last week.The reasons for my complaint are as follows.In the first place, the system often broke down for no reason, which led to the loss of my key data.In the second, the color of the screen was abnormal and couldn’t be adjusted.Accordingly, I find it difficult to go on with my work.My demand is that you should take this matter into serious consideration and give me a satisfactory replay as soon as possible.At the same time, I genuinely hope to see some improvement in your services.Yours truly，Li Ming 2.10邀請信invitation letter 1, Outline P1【自我介紹.寫信目的邀請】P2【活動介紹.邀請.活動介紹.邀請】P3【客套.要求.期待】 Para1,S1,make a sincere apology, for my carelessness 2, example Dear Sir or Madam, I am head of a household electric appliance plant, which is a major manufacturer of high-quality recorders.I’m writing the letter for the purpose of inviting you to the exclusive presentation of our new models and a reception.The presentation is scheduled to take place at Noble Hotel on the third of January.I’ll fell it an honor if you could come.There will also be a reception at the tow p.m.I hope you will attend too.Since your presence is of vital importance to this occasion, I do hope you can make it.Just call our office at 010-69985421, and we will glad to reserve a place for you.I’m looking forward to seeing you at that day.Yours truly，Li Ming 2.11介紹信introduction letter 1, outline P1【寫信目的介紹】P2【個人情況.計劃.原因.期待】P3【感謝.期待】 2, example Dear Judy, I’m writing the letter for the purpose of introducing to your Li Ming, one of my best colleagues.6 / 12

Presently he is studying in Si Chuang University.He will graduate in July and go to America for further study.As it will be the first time for him to study aboard, he will most likely encounter a variety of difficulties.Therefore, he hoped to enjoy your guidance in some ways.I would be most grateful if you could kindly offer help.Thanks a lot for paying due attention to the letter.I’m looking forward to your reply.Yours truly，Li Ming.2.12請求信introduction letter 1.outline P1【寫信目的請求】P2【條件.條件1.條件2.計劃】P3【感謝.期待】 2, example To whom it may concern, I’m writing the letter for the purpose of asking you to help find a child in a remote area to offer financial aid.My requirements for the candidate are as follows.In the first place, he must be in poverty and truly in need of help.In the second, the child should be self-motivated and eager to learn.In addition, he must be willing to return to his hometown after graduation from university.Form my plant, I would send him a certain sum of money each term.Thank you for paying due attention to the letter.I’m looking forward to your replay.Yours truly，Li Ming 3，通知 notice 3.1通知 notice 1, outline P1【通知目的】P2【條件.條件1.條件2.條件3】P3【套話.期待】 2, example

NOTICE To enrich the students’ campus life, the Postgraduates’ Association is recruiting volunteers for an international conference on globalization.The requirements for the candidates are as follows.In the first place, the applicants must have outstanding skill at English.In the second, they should be good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn.Last but not the least, the students with relevant working experience shall be preferred.Those interested in the activity may sign up with the monitor of their class before the first of Feb.Everybody is welcome to join in it.Postgraduates’ Association 2010.11.28 3.2備忘錄 Memo 1，outline P1【目的】P2【主題.條件1.條件2】P3【套話.期待】 2, example Date: Juanary 15, 2011 To: All Students of the English Department From: Class Monitor Zhang Wei

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Subject: Sprint Excursion As spring arrives and the weather turns to be agreeable, the department has decided to organize a spring excursion in a suburban country.The activities include mountain claiming and picnic.All the students of the English department are encouraged to participate.We remind you of the necessity of bring some food and water as well as wearing comfortable shoes.Those interested in this excursion may sign up with the monitor of their class.Everybody is welcome to join in it.3.3 報告report 1，outline P1【主題】P2【主題.條件1.條件2】P3【套話.期待】 2, example To: Professor Clinton From: zhang wei Date: January 15, 2011 Subject: A progress report on graduation research This is a report I have to submit to you about my graduation paper.Last week, I gathered information from library and from an interview.Of the twelve references lists on my proposal, I found only nine, for others I will go to search in a larger library.As far as interview concerned, I had an extended interview with Mr.Liming, a professor from Peking University, who was kind enough to give me some brochures as well as a copy of report on electronic mail.I hope to use in my paper.Starting tomorrow, I will begin organizing my paper.And I can be expected to submit a rough draft by the end of the month.4，摘要寫作要點

摘要，是用1500字左右的中文，摘寫100字左右的英文，是閱讀能力和翻譯能力。思路：1讀，2摘，3譯

1讀：瀏覽各段首句或2、3句，不用看完全文 2摘：選摘總結句->或句子中的關鍵詞 3譯：對摘的句子做翻譯

摘的要點：文摘句（自選能寫的）-》句改寫（容易翻譯的方式）-》句摘詞（把復雜的詞或句子結構簡單化）

宗旨：通過摘句、改句、摘詞，將難度控制到自己能寫的范圍內

翻譯要點：1，分析句子結構，2，確定并翻譯句子主干，3，添加句子的枝葉，副詞或修飾，4，通讀審校。

并注意：通用短語不要用單詞，增加句子的豐富性。5，小作文考試重點

優先級：1,書信 2,通知+備忘 3,報告

三、大作文模板

考試要求：大作文有三類：1，文字情景描述，寫評論，2，圖表，寫評論 3，漫畫，寫評論

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三種作文的難度越來越大，相同一個萬能模板，只是第一段分為文字開頭、圖表開頭、漫畫開頭，二、三段不太變化。字數：英語一200字，英語二150字，只需要酌情增減從句。1，文字情景作文 1.1 記憶要點

篇章結構：三段論。句子陣形：442。行文思路：總分總。寫作要點：背模板，套熟句 Outline: 第一段：總述形勢：

P1,S1: :開頭是趨勢，S2：雙方不滿意；S3：有人要支持，有人抱怨去；S4：我看是好事 第二段，提供論據

P2,S1: 證據非難事S2：先經濟政治，S2a調查可證實S3：再確信好事，S4：并不容忽視 第三段，深化認識： P3,S1：結論深了去S2：公眾別懷疑 [可選S3，我信這趨勢] 記憶要點：

S1：These days, an increasingly hot issue, among the public that, a growing number of, willing to S2:whenever, come to this subject, spring up opposite voices S3a:，tend to, view it as a blessing(beneficial), S3b:，claim, it’s a hell S4:。For my part, incline to support, former view S1：：of no difficulty, put forward several arguments, to account for the phenomenon S2：：at the top of the list, rapid development of the economy, steady improvement of living standards, more and more people[family] can afford a private car S2a:：According to a recent survey, about 55% of, have such financial resources S3：：in the second, admit that, to study abroad[ to obtain another degree], enrich their experiences [enable people to find well-pay job] S4:：last but not the least, the fact cannot be ignored that, lifelong study has become a must in the current era of knowledge explosion [ we should keep up with the times] S1: considing what has been argued so far, safely come to the conclusion, trend, S2: accordingly, it is of no necessity for the public, regard it with, too much anxiety.S3: And I firmly believe that, situation, continue for quite a while, in the years to come 1.2 作文模板[不要寫作文題，沒有明確就不要寫] These days, it has become an increasingly hot topic among the public that

[a growing number of college students are willing to work as a nurse after graduation.] [a growing number of adults intend to continue their further education].Whenever it comes to this subject, there will always spring up opposite voices.Some people tend to view it as a blessing, while the other claims that it’s a hell.For my part, I am inclined to support the former view.It’s of no difficulty to put forward several arguments to illustrate [account for] my standpoint[ the phenomenon].At the top of the list, with the rapid development of our economy and the steady improvement of living standards,[more and more Chinese families can afford their children’s higher education abroad][those with various degrees are in great demand].According to a recent survey, about 55% of [Chinese families in big cities have such financial resources][ of job hunters have found their desirable positions].In the second, we must admit that [to study abroad can enrich their life experience][to obtain another degree can enable people to find well-paid jobs].Last but not the least, the fact could not be ignored that [children will have to be independent of their parents] [ lifelong study has become a must in the current era of knowledge explosion].9 / 12

Considering what has been argued so far, we can safely come to the conclusion that the trend is normal and acceptable.Accordingly, it is of no necessity for the public to regard it with too much anxiety.[ 可選Therefore, I firmly believe that the situation will continue for quite a while in the years to come.] 2，圖表情景作文 2.1 Outline Figures-> change-> phenomenon-> issue/topic/subject P1,s1:有變化；S2：具體變化[上升還是下降]；S3：數據引用[開始，后來];S4：與此同時 Para2與Para3與文字情景作文相同 首段記憶要點

S1, what is shown in the char above, demonstrate[reveal] clearly, some change, have taken place, with regard to, [the recruitment number].S2,based upon the data of the chart, one can see that, has been on a steady rise [decline] all the time S3, In the year of , is only about, but within no more than server years, went up[down] to.[S4,有兩種變化時描述第二種變化,meanwhile, have witnessed [slight] changes].2.2 template What is shown in the chart above reveals clearly that [remarkable/some] changes have taken place with regard to [university graduates’ expected income畢業生期望薪酬] [ the recruitment of Master of Engineer] [DINK families in China].Based upon the data of the chart[diagram], one can see that the [expected income per month][number][percentage] of [recruitment of ME ][such families] has been on a steady rise[decline] all the time.In the year of [1998,圖表數據], it [recruitment number] was only about [3,100 RMB] [1%], while within no more than several years, it [the number][percentage] went up[down] to [2,100 RMB] [12%] in [2009].[ At the same time, college graduates’ real income[the number of others] has witnessed slight changes.] It’s of no difficulty to come up with several possible factors to account for the trend.At the top of the list, with the rapid development of [higher education] our economy and the steady improvement of living standards, [a great number of families are rich enough to afford the private cars][the number of graduates has been growing.][ mobile phone has become a life necessity] [a growing number of couples enjoy family time without children.][those technical are in great demand] According to a recent survey, about 55% of [families in big cities have plan to buy a car in next year][students claim that competition between students is increasing] [families have no plans to bear children][employers need professional graduates].In the second, we must admit that [a good many of graduates have turned down-to-earth].[there are a great number of population in our country][some couples are showing great worry for the rapid growth of population].[ME can help people to find well-paid position with great ease.] Last but not the least, the fact could not be ignored that [mobile service in our country has been increasingly cheaper][youngth have come to place more emphasis on the choice of life work instead of monthly rewards].[it’s too expensive to raise a children][lifelong study has become a must in the era of knowledge explosion].Considering which has been argued so far, we could safely come to the conclusion that the trend is normal[abnormal] and acceptable[negative].Accordingly, it is of no necessity for the public to

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regard it with too much anxiety.[如果是負面:Accordingly, it is urgent for us to take effective measures to reverse the trend][ 可選Therefore, I firmly believe that the situation will continue for quite a while in the years to come.]

3，圖畫情景作文 3.1 Outline 1，看Directions, 審題

2，看圖，先看宏觀，再看微觀，3，確認自己主題：支持或反對 2，作文結構

Para1: S1，贊美圖畫:thought-provoking drawing, attract, attention by, startling originality S2，感慨Looking at this drawing, every reader sink into, meditation, upon its implication S3，描述As is shown by the cartoon, S3，解讀 Needless to say, this picture is intend to illustrate the gravity of [ the current traffic jam] Para 2: S1有原因It is of no difficulty ,to put forward, some factors, to account for, above phenomenon S2：原因1, To begin with, rapid development of economy, steady improvement of living standards S3舉例,Based upon, survey, about 55% of , S4,原因2，In addition, we must admit that S5,原因3，Finally [Last but not the least],the factor cannot be ignored that Para 3: S1，評論Taking into account, what has been argued so far, I’m inclined to view, as.., abnormal, negative [normal positive] S2：預測Accordingly, It is of necessity for the public, to regard it, with too much anxiety.3.2 template This though-provoking drawing will catch every reader’s attention by its startling originality.Looking at the drawing, I believe, every reader will sink into meditation upon its implication.As is shown by the cartoon, [every car, lorry and bus on the road moves at a rather slow speed, even no faster than the grandmotherly women walking nearby with a snail.][various culture elements, such as Kongfu, Beijing Opera and Laoshe are surprisingly boiled in a hotpot] Needless to say, this picture is meant to illustrate the gravity of [the current traffic jam][culture integration].It’s of no difficulty to put forward some possible factors to account for the phenomenon.At the top of the list, with the rapid development of our economy and the steady improvement of living standards, [論據一 a growing number of families are rich enough to afford private cars][there is an increasing demand for various cultural products].According to a recent Internet survey, about 55% of [舉例families in the big city have plans for a car ][people in big cities are positively in favor of the trend].In addition, we must admit that [論據二 the public transport system still fails to keep up with the times與時俱進].Last but not the least, the fact cannot be ignored that [論據三 the public have yet to improve their sense of environmental protection][multi-cultural society will make our life rich and colorful].Considering what has been argued so far, we can safely come to the conclusion that the phenomenon is normal [/abnormal] and positive[/negative].Accordingly, it is of no necessity for the public to regard it with too much anxiety.[ it is urgent for us to take effective measure to

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reserve the trend.] [And we firmly believe that the situation will continue for quite a while in the years to come.]

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第三篇：蔣軍虎考研英語閱讀理解精讀80篇

第三部分：閱讀理解(每小題2分，滿分40分)

(A)

Nine years ago, after Leo had died, people said to me, “I never knew he was your stepfather.” You see, I never called him that.At first, he was no one special in my life.Then he became my friend.In time, I felt he was also my father.Leo married my mother when I was eleven.Two years later we moved into a house in a new suburban(郊區的)development, where we put down roots.At first our lawn(草坪)was just a pile of mud with wild grass, but Leo saw bright possibilities.“We'll plant trees there to give us shade as well as some flowers,” he said.And just these little touches made our house different from all the others.More important, a real family was forming within this house, with its own special traditions.Leo was becoming a fulltime parent, and I was learning what it meant to have a father.Weekday mornings when the weather was bad, Leo often drove me to school.Having a father drop you off may have been something my classmates took for granted, but I always thought it was wonderful.Saturday mornings, we went to the hardware(五金)shop, then stepped into the five and ten, buying a sports magazine or something else.Some people might think that doing shopping together is nothing special, but I, who had ever before spent my childhood watching other families do their everyday activities, experienced them now with extreme delight.Looking back, I realized that Leo gave me what I needed most, the experience of doing ordinary things together as a family.Soon after we moved to the suburbs, one of our new neighbors introduced herself to

me.She had already met my mother and Leo.“You know,” she said, “you look just like your father.” I knew she was just making conversation but even so...“Thank you”, I said.Why tell her anything different?

56.The writer's purpose in writing this passage is _______.A.to share her unforgettable experiences

B.to show how interesting a person Leo was

C.to remind us of our parents

D.to explain why they moved to the suburbs

57.Which of the following can be used in place of “put down roots”?

A.Settled.B.Planted.C.Farmed.D.Worked.58.In the writer's opinion, _______.A.it is not easy for stepfamilies to live together

B.not all the stepfathers are as good as Leo

C.the husband and wife must think more about their children before they divorce(離婚)

D.in stepfamilies the love and friendship are extremely precious

59.When he said “Why tell her anything different”, the writer meant that _______.A.he should have told her the truth

B.he wouldn't tell her the truth

C.he wanted to tell her something that had nothing to do with Leo

D.he'd like to keep silence whenever he met the neighbors

(B)

The modern Olympic Games were founded with the intention of improving health and education, promoting world peace, and encouraging fair and equal competition.But over the years, the Olympic saying, “faster, higher, stronger”, has pushed scientists as well as athletes to do

everything possible to reach new levels.Doctors, engineers and coaches all use everything science has to offer to achieve that little bit extra in competition.The reason modern technology has become part of sport is very simple: winning is just as important as it was 2,500 years ago at the Olympics of ancient Greece.Developments in technology have often been reflected in the methods of training and performance at the Olympics through history.This technology falls into two main groups: improving an athlete's performance in competition, and allowing results to be measured more accurately.One of the creations that has drawn the most attention is the new high-tech swimsuit from Speedo, which was used by many US swimmers in Athens.Until Sydney 2000, it was thought that the smaller the swimsuit, the faster the swimmer would travel.“However, the fact that at the Sydney Olympics, 28 of the 33 gold medalists were wearing the body covering Fastskin suit proved the theory was out of date,” said Andy Thomas, vice-president of Speedo.The company's full body suit is supposed to make swimmers 3 to 4 percent faster, particularly when turning or diving into the water.It is believed that the suit creates less water resistance as it moves, behaving more like a shark skin than a human skin.The introduction of high-tech equipment means that athletes in all sports, from the 100-metre sprint to the pole vault, can now train more effectively.Meanwhile, scientific development also means performances can be measured and studied more accurately.Not only are winning times more accurately recorded, but cheating athletes are easier to catch out.Athens 2004 organizers promised to use only the very latest equipment to measure distance and speed.60.Which is not the first aims of the modern Olympic Games?

A.Improving health and education.B.Promoting world peace.C.Encouraging fair and equal competition.D.Winning medals.61.The reason modern technology has become part of sport is that people ______.A.make every effort to win medals

B.do their best to invent new sports equipment

C.try to test their abilities

D.want to improve their condition of competition

62.From the passage we know______.A.before the Sydney Olympics people thought the less the swimmers wore, the faster they swam

B.at the Sydney Olympics among 33 swimming and diving gold medalists, 28 wore the full body suit made by Speedo

C.people think the body covering swimsuit is not popular

D.it is believed that the new high-tech suit creates no water resistance as it moves

63.In the passage it mentions that high technology is involved in ______ aspects.A.1B.2C.3D.4

(C)

“Life is speeding up.Everyone is getting unwell.”

This may sound like something someone would say today.But in fact, an unknown citizen who

lived in Rome in AD 53 wrote it.We all love new inventions.They are exciting, amazing and can change our lives.But have all these developments really improved the quality of our lives?

Picture this: You're rushing to finish your homework on the computer.Your mobile phone rings, a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen, the noise from the television is getting louder and louder.Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work.Now you have to stay up all night to get it done.How calm and happy do you feel?

Inventions have speeded up our lives so much that they often leave us feeling stressed and tired.Why do you think people who live far away from noisy cities, who have no telephones, no cars, not even any electricity often seem to be happier? Perhaps because they lead simple lives.One family in the UK went “back in time” to see what life was like without all the inventions we have today.The grandparents, with their daughter, and grandsons Benjamin, 10 and Thomas, 7, spent nine weeks in a 1940s house.They had no washing machine, microwave, computer or mobile phones.The grandmother, Lyn, said: “It was hard physically.But not mentally.” She believed life was less materialistic(物質的).“The more things you have, the more difficult life becomes,” she said.The boys said they fought less.Probably, they said, because there was less to fight over, such as their computer.Also Lyn changed from being a “fashionable, beer-drinking granny, to one who cooked things.”

Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our inventions!

· Don't be available all the time.Turn off your mobile phone at certain times of the day.Don't check your emails every day.· Make sure you spend some time talking to your family.Set aside one evening a week when you don't turn on the television.Play cards and chat instead.· Get a low-tech hobby.Every day, do something in the old-fashioned way, such as walking to have a face-to-face meeting instead of using the email or telephone.· Don't worry too much about life--laugh more!

64.The passage is mainly about ________.A.problems with technology

B.improvements of our life with technology

C.the important roles technology plays in our everyday life

D.major changes which will be likely to happen to technology

65.The writer uses the quote(引語)at the beginning of the story to ________.A.share a truth about life

B.tell us what life was like long time ago

C.make us wonder what causes such a thing to happen

D.point out that you experience some big problems and they may be the same

66.Why did the family choose to spend some time in a 1940s house?

A.Because they loved to live simple lives.B.Because they were curious about how people lived without modern inventions.C.Because they were troubled by modern inventions.D.Because living in a different time would be a lot of fun for them.67.What do you think the underlined word “available” in the 1st suggestion offered by the

writer means?

A.Busy on time.B.Free.C.Be able to.D.To be found by others.(D)

It's great to go on vacation, but it's also nice to come home.Migrating(遷徙)birds seem to feel the same way.Birds such as black-tailed godwits, a migrating bird that can be found in Europe, Asia, North Africa and north Australia, fly south every winter.Then, they return home to spend the summer months with their life long partner.Now, scientists have found, pairs of godwits often return to their summer breeding(繁殖)grounds within three days of each other, even though they spend the entire winter apart.It's as if they arranged the date that they would meet up again.Researchers in England, put coloured leg bands on the birds.Then, they asked birdwatchers around Europe to report by email when and where they saw the birds during the winter.The simplest way for birds to return at the same time would be to spend the winter together.After all, if they're in different places, they can't call each other on the phone and talk about when they'll meet again.But, the survey found that couples usually spent their winters in different countries up to 1, 000 kilometres apart.One male, for example, spent the winter on the coast of Ireland while his mate was in France.These findings are important for protecting the birds, scientists say.Black-tailed godwits live for up to 25 years.They spend their summers in Iceland, where they mate, but they spread all over other parts of Europe in winter.Once a pair mates, there's a 90 per cent chance that they'll return to mate with each other again the next year.So, protection of their wide web of holiday destinations(目的地)is very important.How do the birds arrange their date of return? Unless scientists find their feathered cellphones, that question will remain a mystery.68.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A.Migrating birds all fly south every winter.B.Migrating birds return home in summer.C.Godwits often fly south in couples every winter.D.Godwits often return home almost at the same time.69.According to the passage we know that ______.A.the birds return at the same time because they arrange the date before they part

B.the couples don't spend their winters together because they want to live apart for some time

C.the birds use their special feathered cellphones to arrange their date

D.once two birds become a couple they are likely to mate again the next year

70.We can infer from the passage that______.A.black-tailed godwits are loyal to their mates

B.black-tailed godwits return home only to spend their summers

C.we know how to find and feed black-tailed godwits

D.we know why couples of godwits usually spend their winters in different places

71.Which is the best title?

A.How Birds Spend Their Winters

B.How Birds Spend Their Summers

C.Birds Come Back Home for Love

D.Birds Are to Be Protected

(E)

Nowadays, more and more lovers are using email to communicate with each other.The result: a new culture of love-letter writing has evolved and is rewriting the rules of how we express our love.Make no mistake: in many cases email love letters significantly resemble their ancestors.The verbal imagery has hardly changed.Experts believe, in fact, that far more people now carry out sweet talk in cyberspace than in the time before email came along.When people use email, everything is more relaxed, and less curious.This helps the sweet words flow.Nicola Doering, a media researcher, emphasizes that for many people contact over email is simpler: “The language is different in traditional letters;people tend to write more like they speak.” This means that sometimes less thought goes into an email than a traditional love letter.Emails are more casual.This is obviously encouraging for many people.But for romantic emails, writers reach back to the language of poetry.“Your clear-blue eyes” is typical of the kind of phrase found in love letters.Moreover, at least one traditional symbol between lovers has made an outstanding comeback.Even in the love letters of the 19th century, one often found the letter X as a symbol of a kiss.Many paper love letters would have three X's at the bottom as closing.And this symbol is often used today between lovers in their email messages.In spite of all the technological advancement that email represents, classic love letters on paper still have a special meaning, the experts say.Ink on paper simply affects many people more strongly than lines on a computer screen.It appears more serious, more permanent, as if written for all time.Sometimes people want to have something to touch, a letter that you can hold in your hand is obviously better than an email.But Internet technology is ready to help even those with the courage to write a classic handwritten love letter.What stops many lovers from penning their most romantic thoughts is not a lack of good intentions but an inability to piece together a few sweet lines, says Thomas Neuss, the organizer of one Internet site devoted to romantic letters.72.The author strongly believes that ______.A.email love letters are more significant than traditional ones

B.email love letters are more convenient than traditional ones

C.most email love letters copy sweet words from traditional ones

D.most email love letters are quite similar to traditional ones

73.In the second paragraph, the term “verbal imagery” refers to ______.A.the oral workB.the sweet wordsC.the verb formD.their ancestor

74.Which of the following is NOT the author's opinion on traditional love letters?

A.They have a better effect.B.They aren't out of date.C.They are more reliable.D.They are more romantic.75.By showing that the letter X is popular in email love letters, the author intends to tell us______.A.many people like using letters to express their love

B.traditional symbol between lovers has been popular

C.the romantic expression is also employed in emails

D.the language in email love letters becomes simpler

第四篇：貸款申請書---蔣永虎

貸款申請書

臨澤縣畜牧局：

本人蔣永賢，系臨澤縣沙河鎮東寨村七社農戶，現年42歲，家庭人口4人，勞動力2人，耕地15畝?，F已在沙河鎮鵬程奶牛專業合作社養殖奶牛45頭，養殖場占地面積3畝，建筑面積500平方米。本人為擴大養殖規模，計劃養殖奶牛60頭，現存在資金困難，根據縣委1號文件精神的相關優惠政策規定，本人申請上級主管部門給予貼息貸款30萬元，請審核辦理。

特此申請

申請人：

二〇一三年九月二十四日

第五篇：蔣軍晶《月光曲》課堂實錄

《月光曲》課堂實錄

隨感：

1、正如臺灣教育家所說的：學生的起點已經是很高很高了。不是普通的學生所能答的。精彩來自學生。比如想像內心的話，學生寫得不是一般得好了。

2、讓學生讀句子，設疑，體現了一個學習過程。

3、整節課前部分比重很大，最精彩的聯想段沒有攻破。

課前準備：板書課題，打開課件：深藍色的背景，月光下的大海，左中貝多芬頭像照片，播放鋼琴曲《致愛麗絲》，師生靜靜地欣賞。

（一）聽曲談話走向人物

師：同學們，課前我們聊幾句好嗎？剛才有一首優美的曲子，你們聽到過嗎？

生：聽到過。

師：那這首曲子的曲名知道嗎？

生：月光曲。

師：月光曲，我可以很肯定地告訴你，這首曲子不是月光曲，但是我覺得他很聰明啊，他是想當然的認為是月光曲，因為今天我們學的就是月光曲嘛。有人知道嗎？

生：獻給愛麗斯。

師：對，我覺得可能是翻譯的問題，據我所知，是《致愛麗斯》，也就是獻給愛麗斯的意思。那這首曲子的作者是誰？你們知道嗎？

生：貝多芬。

師：想當然啊，因為今天我們學習的就是貝多芬的《月光曲》，你們對貝多芬有哪些了解？簡單地講一講。

生：我知道貝多芬被稱為樂圣。

師：因為貝多芬在音樂上有很大的成就，比方說我們古代有一位詩人，叫詩圣，是誰?。?/p>

生：李白。

師：那叫詩仙，詩圣是——

生：杜甫。

師：還有哪些了解？

生：就是貝多芬學音樂并不自愿學的，而是他父親逼著他學的。

師：其實貝多芬從小本來就很喜歡音樂，只是他的父親要求他學得太——

生：刻苦。

師：太刻苦以至于有點殘酷了。

生：我知道貝多芬是德國偉大的音樂家之一，其中有幾首曲子流傳至今，例如《命運》、《田園》等，經久不衰。

師：這位同學說話很嚴密，貝多芬是德國著名的音樂家之一，但是他用音樂贏得了全世界人的心?。?/p>

生：我知道他終年57歲，師：哦，你了解到這一點，你是怎么知道的？

生：我上網查的，和看書看的。

師：兩條途徑。利用上網查資料，挺便捷的。

生：我還知道貝多芬8歲登臺演出。

師：說明他很有音樂天賦，8歲呀，不簡單。

生：我還知道貝多芬到了晚年失聰了。

師：你是怎么知道的？

生：我是上網查的。

師：嗯，其實課后資料袋也寫著呢，說明他生活坎坷。同學們，對于一個音樂藝術家來說，失去了聽力幾乎等于失去了一切，但是，有同學知道我想說什么嗎？但是——

生：但是貝多芬用他自己頑強的毅力，不斷的努力，贏得了更多的觀眾，逾越自己音樂上的最高峰。

師：說得多好啊，貝多芬之所以能成為音樂家不僅僅因為他有天賦，很重要的一點原因是他意志十分的堅強。我們初步了解了貝多芬，我們開始上課好嗎？

生：好。

（二）以詞串文，輕叩心扉

師：上課。

生：老師好。

師：請坐。剛才我們已經了解貝多芬是一位非常偉大的音樂家，他一生為我們留下了許多月曲，月光曲就是其中之一。月光曲這首曲子是怎樣譜成的呢，今天我們就來學習。大家已經預習了，對吧。

生：對。

師：我們先來聽寫一組詞語，請大家準備好。（生準備）

師：哪位同學愿意到黑板上來聽寫，有嗎？好，那位女同學，在黑板上寫字可以稍微把字寫大一點。（一位女生到黑板前，其余學生寫在本子上）

師：月光曲這篇課文是一個傳說，請寫下“傳說”。

師：這個傳說啊，講的就是月光曲這首曲子是怎樣譜成的，第二個詞語“譜寫”。（師對著那位女生說：一筆一畫工整有力。）

師：下面聽寫一組詞語，注意幾個詞語的筆畫，先聽后寫，“盲姑娘、蠟燭、琴鍵?！边@組詞語里面，盲，蠟，鍵，都是生字。

師：行，同學們抬起頭來，和這位同學一起看，寫得對嗎？

生：對。

師：寫的時候注意這個“蠟”字，很多同學誤認為它跟“燭”一樣是火字旁，其實是蟲字旁，最初的意思是動植物的油。這個“鍵”她寫對了，但我觀察了一下，筆順不是很正確，左中右結構。最后寫“建之底”，明白嗎？

生：明白。

師：最后一個詞“清幽”。（學生寫）

師：同學們，你們覺得清幽的月光是怎樣的月光？

生1：就像輕紗鋪在地上一樣，非常渺茫的那種感覺。

師非常善于聯想。

生2：我認為清幽的月光是皎潔的月光，是寧靜的，有一種詩情畫意的感覺。

師：給人感覺到是皎潔的月光。

生3：我覺得是特別輕柔，特別柔和，讓人覺得舒服。

師：嗯，蔣老師課前還特地查了一下字典，發現這個“幽”字有3種解釋，（出示解釋）你們覺得“清幽”的“幽”應該取哪一種解釋呢？

生：第2種。

師：第2種，清幽的月光讓人感覺是沉靜的安閑的。同學們，這個傳說究竟講了一件什么事兒呢？請你選擇其中的一個或幾個詞語來說一說，請大家先自己準備一下，說一說。（生小聲試說）

師；沒事兒，放出聲音也沒關系。（約2分鐘后）

師：同學們，誰愿意來說一說。

生1：貝多芬譜寫月光曲被人們說成是一個傳說，因為他譜寫月光曲時，借著清幽的月光，受到盲姑娘對音樂的執著的感染，沒有蠟燭的時候，月光是清幽的，這也是貝多芬當時的心情，所以他按動了琴鍵，讓思緒跟著月光飛揚，所以創下了這首不朽的月曲

——月光曲。

師：說得真不錯。他說的時候強調了月光曲形成的原因和當時創作的情境，誰愿意再說說，把這個故事簡單地講一講。

生2：當貝多芬在萊茵河散步時，聽到了兄妹倆的對話，貝多芬被盲姑娘熱愛音樂的情感感動了，受到了感染，于是按動了琴鍵，創作了這首月光曲。

師：我們再來一起回顧故事內容。有一天傍晚，貝多芬走進了一間茅屋，貝多芬彈了一曲又一曲，這后一曲就是著名的——

師生：月光曲。

（三）一番“對話”聆聽心聲

師：同學們，究竟是什么打動了音樂家貝多芬的心，讓他創作出傳世名曲——月光曲呢。請同學們默讀課文，到字里行間去尋找原因。（生默讀，師巡視）

師：嗯，有的同學很自然地拿起了筆，把一些句子劃了下來，我相信他有理由，他或許覺得這些句子所描寫的情景打動了貝多芬的心。

師：同學們，咱們現在交流。哪段話所描繪的情景打動了貝多芬的心，請你先讀一讀，誰先來讀，好，請你讀吧。

生：讀“一個姑娘說：這首曲子多難彈啊，??”

師：這個同學讀得這段話就是兄妹倆的對話，被站在茅屋外的貝多芬聽見了。咱們再往具體想，你認為貝多芬是聽到了兄妹倆的哪句話時就開始心動了呢，先不要說，再讀讀。（生自由讀對話）

生：我認為應該是這句話“這首曲子多難彈啊??那有多好啊。”

師：同學們，請你們按照自己的理解自己讀一讀這段話，注意，要能打動貝多芬的心啊，讀一讀，來，讀出聲音來。（生讀盲姑娘的話）

師：嗯。誰再來讀一讀？來打動貝多芬的心。

生1：朗讀“貝多芬走進茅屋??那該有多好啊?！?/p>

師：好的，他強調了“那該多好啊”，讀出了盲姑娘內心的向往，我相信貝多芬聽了心里會微微一動，誰再來讀？

生2：（讀）

師：同學們，他又強調了“貝多芬”，貝多芬從姑娘的口中聽到了自己名字能不激動嗎？我們一字一句要讀到貝多芬的心里。來，我們一起來讀。一個姑娘說，讀——（學生齊讀）

師：同學們，貝多芬是一個音樂家，有一顆敏感的心，他往往能從別人的話里面聽出言外之意，他從這句話里聽出了什么？

生1：貝多芬從這句話聽出了這個盲姑娘很渴望聽到貝多芬的曲子。

師：是，貝多芬聽出了他內心滿心的渴望。他還聽出了什么？

生2：他還聽出了這位小姑娘她很喜歡音樂。

師：很喜歡音樂你聽出來了！

生：貝多芬從這句話里感受到姑娘對音樂的追求。

師：追求，而不僅僅是喜歡，你從哪里感受到的？

生：我是從“要是能聽到貝多芬自己是怎樣彈的那該有多好啊，??”感受到的。

師：我也感受到了，這是她內心夢寐以求的愿望。

生3：我是從“那該多好啊”這五個字當中感受到的，這表現出她內心的渴望，這是她一直以來夢寐以求的夢想。我還從課外知道貝多芬立志為窮苦人造福，貝多芬想到我能為貧窮的兄妹倆彈鋼琴，也是幸福的。這一點就可以打動貝多芬，從盲姑娘對音樂的執著和渴望貝多芬為他們彈奏曲子。

師：我感覺到了，你真正是以貝多芬的身份，音樂家的身份來體會，富有同情心的貝多芬從這句話中還聽出了什么呢？

生4：從這句話他還聽出盲姑娘對音樂的癡迷。

師：用另外一個詞形容，盲姑娘對音樂的熱愛。

生5：從這句話里還體會到盲姑娘之所以不能聽貝多芬親自彈的音樂是有苦衷的，她在特別壓抑自己的情感。

師：她的苦衷是什么？

生：她的苦衷是家境貧寒，所以她沒有能力親自聽貝多芬彈。

師：她用了一個詞，什么詞？

生：貧寒。

師：貧寒哪，你從哪些細節感受到盲姑娘家境貧寒？

生1：我從他們點的是微弱的燭光，燭光很微弱，住的是茅屋，而且鋼琴是一架舊鋼琴，說明他們的家境非常貧窮。

師：種種細節讓你感覺到了！

生2：我體會到的是一個男的說“可是音樂會的入場券太貴了??”兩個“太”字讓我感到了他家境貧窮。

師：兩個“太”字讓你感受到他家境的貧寒，生活的艱辛。

生3：還有我還從男的正在做皮鞋看到他家境貧寒。

師：是的，貝多芬聽出了這個姑娘雖然雙目失明但依然熱愛著生活，雖然家境貧寒但從沒放棄過對藝術的向往和追求，他的心被觸動了，我們一起帶著這份理解，再讀一讀盲姑娘的這段話，“這首曲子多難彈啊”起——（學生讀）

師：是啊，可是音樂會的入場券太貴了，咱們又太窮，繼續讀妹妹的話——（學生接著讀妹妹的話：哥哥，你別難過??）

師：聽到這里，貝多芬又聽出了什么呢？

生1：我感覺貝多芬又聽出了姑娘的善解人意，因為他想聽貝多芬彈鋼琴是她一直以來的愿望，但她后來又說隨便說說，說明他想安慰哥哥，她不想讓哥哥為她聽不到貝多芬彈的鋼琴而難過。

師：你也是善解人意的姑娘，明明是非常想聽卻說是隨便說說，貝多芬聽出了什么呢？

生2：貝多芬實際上聽出了盲姑娘十分熱愛音樂，盲姑娘一直壓抑著自己的內心，真希望能聽到貝多芬彈，但卻說只是隨便說說。隨便說說并不是指真的是隨便說說，盲姑娘一直在壓抑她內心的情感。

師：你用“壓抑”這個詞，倒還不至于，但我跟你有同樣的感覺是盲姑娘在努力掩飾自己的愿望，明明是夢寐以求的愿望，卻說成隨便說說。貝多芬聽出了什么呢？

生3：貝多芬還聽出了姑娘的難以割舍的一種情感，一方面是手足情深的哥哥，另一方面是自己熱愛的音樂，但是盲姑娘特別善解人意，還是選擇了哥哥，因為他們家境貧寒，不想再給她哥哥加重負擔。

師：體會得真好。我們來讀讀這段話。我們來分角色讀，體會一下他們的情感好不好。你們讀妹妹的話，我讀哥哥的話，不讀提示語。（師生分角色讀）

師：同學們，貝多芬就是從這里聽出了，盲姑娘不僅熱愛音樂，而且非常懂事，我相信他被感動了，所以他走進茅屋，為盲姑娘彈了一曲。還有哪些句子所描述的情景打動了貝多芬的心呢？

生：我覺得貝多芬自己也說過他是為窮人服務的。而盲姑娘家非常貧窮，沒辦法聽貝多芬的音樂，書上也說了“他們??”這說明他們家非常窮，而貝多芬卻沒辦法實踐他自己的話，也就是他的音樂是為窮苦人服務的，我覺得他在這里不光感動于姑娘熱愛音樂，而且也很痛心，他想滿足他們的愿望。

師：你在用心體會一個音樂家的心情，去揣摩他的創作的心理。還有哪段話所描繪的情景打動了音樂家貝多芬的心呢？

生：是這段話“他多純熟啊，??”

師：聽了盲姑娘的這句話，貝多芬是怎么反應的，我們一起來讀后面的這句話，讀——（學生讀“貝多芬沒有回答??）

（四）兩番“對話”心靈互通

師：這是貝多芬和盲姑娘之間的對話，讀了這段話，你有什么問題嗎？

生1：我想問為什么再彈一曲呢？

師：哦，我想貝多芬是被感動了，所以再來一曲。第一個問題。還有嗎？

生2：我的問題是當盲姑娘問他是不是貝多芬，他為什么沒有承認？

師：假如你是貝多芬，你會怎么說？

生：我會先彈一曲，然后再說。

師：所以你會有此一問，這是你的問題，第二個問題，還有嗎？

生3：貝多芬是有名的音樂家，為什么還要稱一個非常貧窮的姑娘為“您”？

師：是呀，我的認為是既出于禮貌,也是出于對盲姑娘的尊重。

生4：我還有一個問題,他為什么要彈琴給她聽？

師：就是，他為什么再彈一曲給她聽？

生5：我的問題是，為什么盲姑娘一聽就知道是貝多芬？

師：是呀，這是你的問題。同學們，我們一邊交流一邊思考，這些問題提得很好。我們現在思考：盲姑娘雙目失明與貝多芬素不相識，為什么他能猜到彈琴的是貝多芬呢？

生1：從她說“彈得多嫻熟啊”、“多深情啊”，我感覺到她聽得很認真，而且她對音樂的酷愛以及執著使他認為這是貝多芬的彈的曲子

師：他強調了盲姑娘在用心聽，而且是個熱愛音樂的姑娘，其他同學還有別的理解嗎？

生2：因為盲姑娘熱愛音樂，也是貝多芬的知音，所以他能確定這個音樂確確實實是偉大的音樂家貝多芬彈的。

師：這位同學的發言當中出現了一個詞“知音”，知音，上一篇課文《伯牙絕弦》是一篇傳說，對嗎？

生：對。

師：這個傳說里面寫到鐘子期是于伯牙的知音，因為他十分喜歡聽于伯牙彈琴，而且能從他的琴聲

里面聽出高山聽出流水。那這里能夠從哪里感受到盲姑娘是貝多芬的知音嗎？

生1：因為盲姑娘一聽他彈的曲子就能猜出他是貝多芬，因為喜歡他平時經常聽，所以一聽他彈曲子就知道是貝多芬在彈。

師：盲姑娘熟悉貝多芬的音樂，還有其他細節可以感受出他是貝多芬的知音呢？

生2：從開始盲姑娘彈琴彈的斷斷續續的，還在練習，可以看出她非常喜歡貝多芬的音樂，一聽到彈的曲子就猜出是貝多芬，所以她是貝多芬的知音。

師：你聯系上文談了自己的理解。

生3：我是從盲姑娘第一次聽貝多芬彈，而且只聽了一遍，就理解出來貝多芬彈得么多嫻熟，多么深情，所以是他的知音。

師：這是你的理解。

生4：我覺得盲姑娘只聽貝多芬彈了一遍，就能達到貝多芬彈的曲子那種境界，所以我覺得盲姑娘是非常能夠理解貝多芬，所以是他的知音。

師：所以說盲姑娘既熱愛貝多芬的音樂也懂得貝多芬的音樂，是貝多芬的知音，難怪盲姑娘會猜到是貝多芬為她彈奏的，也難怪此時此刻她的心情是那樣的激動。請同學們把這句話再讀一讀，讀出盲姑娘內心的那一份激動。（學生自由讀）

師：自己讀，誰來讀一讀？（一生讀:“她激動地說：彈得多純熟啊，感情多??”

師：我能聽出盲姑娘內心十分激動，誰再讀一讀？（第2位學生讀）

師：我能感受到她內心萬分的激動。咱們為了更深地理解這句話，來設身處地的想一想為什么聽一首曲子能這么激動呢？

生：我覺得因為盲姑娘夢寐以求的愿望就是能聽一聽貝多芬彈奏，她終于實現了這個夢想，所以她非常激動。

師：一個人夢寐以求的愿望突然實現了，她會怎么說這句話呢，請你再來讀一讀。（第3位學生讀）

師：她這么激動還有其他的原因嗎？

生：而且我覺得她也十分的難以置信，貝多芬是非常著名的音樂家，這樣的大音樂家會為她這么貧窮的姑娘彈一首曲子，她不敢相信，所以她很激動。

師：你從這句話里的哪里看出她不敢相信，難以置信??？

生：我從這句話里的兩個“您”看出來的。

師：第一個您表示猜測，可以讀得聲音稍微拉長一些，請你再讀一讀這句話——（第4位學生讀）

師：是的，同學們，知音難求啊，貝多芬沒有想到在一間茅屋里面遇到了自己的知音。我相信他和盲姑娘一樣內心十分的激動。所以他決定為盲姑娘再彈一曲，于伯牙摔琴謝知音，我相信貝多芬再彈一曲為的也是知音啊。對嗎，剛才有個同學還提了個問題，為什么此時貝多芬沒有回答，我相信各個有各人的理由，誰來談談你的看法。

生1：我覺得貝多芬可能覺得盲姑娘已經猜出他是貝多芬，沒有回答就是默認了。

師：貝多芬默認了，這是你的理解。

生2：我覺得貝多芬不回答，是因為他知道盲姑娘是自己她的知音，不想在他面前明白的說他自己是貝多芬。

師：我想起兩句話，此時無聲勝有聲，心有靈犀一點通，打通兩個人心靈的就是這，這——

生：這一句

師：音樂。對嗎？還有其他的理解嗎？

生3：和我們上回學于伯牙和子期一樣，在這里盲姑娘知道貝多芬，我感覺他們之間是互通的，所以我感覺他們心有靈犀。

師：聯系上文再次證明了音樂可以打通兩個人的心。

生4：我覺得貝多芬已經知道盲姑娘知道是他彈的了，他們已經心心相印了，所以沒有必要他非得點明出來他就是貝多芬，只要讓盲姑娘感覺到他的音樂是多么好聽就可以了。

師：是的，音樂才是最重要的，最后一位同學。

生5：我的理解是貝多芬是偉大的音樂家，音樂就是他的生命，就是他的語言，所以他并不想用自己的語言來表達，他只想用自己的音樂來表達對盲姑娘回答，這是他感謝盲姑娘的一種行為。（場內老師們鼓掌。）

師：老師們的掌聲說明你可以成為一個藝術家，你具備成為一個藝術家的潛質。

（五）釋放心情，曲終意猶

師：好，同學們，貝多芬這時候決定再彈奏一曲，這時候一陣風把蠟燭吹滅了，月光照進窗子，茅屋里的一切仿佛披上了一層銀紗，貝多芬望了望站在身旁的兄妹倆，有所觸動，他想用音樂來抒發自己的情感，他這時候心里究竟再想什么呢，請再次拿出作業紙，聯系上文展開聯想，把貝多芬內心的想法寫下來。（學生寫，師巡回指導）

師：同學們，讓我們再一次走進貝多芬的內心吧，他心里再想什么呢？

生1：他心想多么善解人意的姑娘，多么癡迷音樂的姑娘，多么深的手足情，讓我滿足這個姑娘的愿望吧，讓我謝謝這個知音吧，讓我為他們獻上一曲吧。（場內老師們鼓掌）

師：三個“多么”，一個排比，說明此時貝多芬百感交集，他心里在想什么呢？

生2：貝多芬心想知音難覓，能聽懂音樂的人多如牛毛，可是能聽懂我的心的又有幾人。雖然我沒有力量能讓她的眼睛重見光明，但是，我能用音樂把她的心中照亮。這是一首為知音彈的曲子，這時我最幸福。（全場熱烈鼓掌）

師：是啊，同學們，對一個音樂家來說還有什么比找到知音更感幸福的呢？還有什么比彈上一曲感謝知音更感幸福的呢？他心里再想什么呢？

生3：他會想兄妹倆如此的熱愛音樂，我不能讓他們失望，我要為他們去創造音樂，圓他們的夢想，真正的音樂會要讓他們聽到，這是我為知音開的音樂會。

師：是的，很多同學強調了，貝多芬立下誓言一生一世要為貧苦人民作曲，為知音作曲，他心里想了很多很多。貝多芬自己也說過，我為什么要作曲，因為我有很多想法要釋放出來。（出示這句貝多芬名言）

師：最終他用月光曲，用音樂釋放了自己的情感，同學們，聽——（播放音樂，師配讀：月亮正從水天相接的地方升起，微波粼粼的海面上，??涌過來）繼續聽——

師：同學們，這就是月光曲的片斷，貝多芬心里究竟在想什么呢，下節課我們繼續圍繞這段話，再次走進貝多芬。下課。