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高中英語(yǔ)_人教版_必修三_第四單元_基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)_(筆記版)

時(shí)間:2019-05-12 14:51:53下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
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第一篇:高中英語(yǔ)_人教版_必修三_第四單元_基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)_(筆記版)

Unit 4

system系統(tǒng),體系

solar system 太陽(yáng)系government systems政府體系

interest vt.使…感興趣

常用:Sth.interestSb.interested adj.感興趣的interesting adj.令人感興趣的 eg: What he said interested all of us.We are interested in the interesting story.1.根據(jù)一個(gè)普遍接受的理論,宇宙起源于一次大爆炸,這次大爆炸把物質(zhì)射向四面八方。(背過(guò))

a widely accepted theory,the universe started with….throw matter in all directions.世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西,前面加定冠詞the, 例如:the sun, the moon, the earth, the university, the world.但是名詞前若有adj修飾,一般用不定冠詞a/an。例如:There is a big moon in the sky.Start/begin with 以…開(kāi)始;to start/begin with首先=first of all

wide adj.&adv.Wide做副詞表示具體的寬He lay here, with his eyes wide open./ wide awake.widely adv.修飾抽象的 廣泛的 The book is widely read.Direction表示方向常和in,from搭配。從某個(gè)方向用from,朝某方向用in.in all directions 四面八方

in the opposite direction朝相反的方向

例如:The woman went to the direction from which she came.這個(gè)女士走向她來(lái)的方向。

to do一般做目的狀語(yǔ),但有時(shí)候也可做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),見(jiàn)課本第一段最后。Only to do結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)常表示意料之外的結(jié)果。例如: She went to the supermarket, only to find/only to be told that all the salt had been sold out.2.be to do用法,自己列出。

settle 定居;解決;停留,落下;

使某人坐在某個(gè)位置;精神的鎮(zhèn)靜例如: We finally settled in Jinan.定居The question is hard to settle/solve.解決The bird settled on the branch.停留在樹(shù)枝上My father settled himself in the sofa after work.坐在沙發(fā)上

The medicine can help to

settle your nerves.鎮(zhèn)靜神經(jīng)3.last VI持續(xù)維持 其后的介

詞for經(jīng)常省略。The meeting lasted(for)three hours.4.in time ①及時(shí) in time to do/ in time for

②最終,遲早。相當(dāng)于sooner or later ,eventually例如:

We were just in time for the flight.= We were just in time to catch the plane.Don’t worry.I am sure things will get better in time.辨析:in time/ on time/ at a time(一次,每次)/at one time(曾經(jīng),一度)/ at times=sometimes(有時(shí)候)

5.atmosphere ① 大氣層,經(jīng)常與定冠詞聯(lián)用 the atmosphere ② 氣氛,氛圍例如:

An atmosphere of tension(緊張)filled Japan after the

earthquake.The atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly.6.As the earth cooled down,…..as在本句中為連詞,翻譯為:隨著。可以和with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)互換。例如: As time goes by, we are older and older.= With time going by,…11.unlike prep.不像

Unlike his brother, he is diligent.不像弟弟,他很勤奮。

It is unlike him to be late.遲到可不像他的風(fēng)格。

I dislike eating fish.I like eating meat.我不喜歡吃魚(yú),我喜歡吃肉。

What is the weather like? 天氣怎么樣?

He is likely to come.= it is likely that he will come.他很可能回來(lái)。

12.be fundamental to對(duì)…至關(guān)重要,基礎(chǔ)fundamental differences根本的不同

13.make it possible for life to develop 為make+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu) 在此it形式賓語(yǔ),不定式為真正的賓語(yǔ)。賓補(bǔ)可以有多種成分充當(dāng),但不能加ing形式。例如: We made him president.我們選他做總統(tǒng)。We should try our best to make the room clean.I spoke aloud to make myself heard.讓我自己被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。The mother made the boy do his work all day.被動(dòng) The boy was made to do his work all day.14.multiply 繁殖,增加,乘例如:

Cells multiply by means of cell division.The answer is 30 if you multiply 6 and 5.Your effort will multiply your chance of success.15.call A B 叫...A是B

The boy called Jim is a kind boy.I lived in what you called Greece.16.for the first time 第一次,為介詞短語(yǔ),一般做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。The first time為連詞,連接句子

It is /was the first time that sb.have/had done sth.例如: Today, I climbed on the Qianfo Mount for the first time.I fell in love with the car the first time I saw it.It is the first time that I have visited the city.lay eggs下蛋 lie – lied---lied撒謊 lie—lay—lain 躺,位于 lay—laid—laid 放置,下蛋He laid the books on the shelf.他把書(shū)放在書(shū)架上了。The hen lays an egg a day.這只母雞每天下一個(gè)蛋。

He lied to his mother.他對(duì)母親撒謊了。

18.exist

不及物動(dòng)詞,不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。名詞:existence/

come into existence =come into being 形成,產(chǎn)生例如:

There exist warm-hearted people everywhere.We can’t exist without water.No one knows when the earth came into existence.19.remain vi&link-v 保持,維持,仍然,剩余

the remaining money 剩下的蛋糕

I am sorry.My work remains unfinished.After many years, he remains single./ he remains a teacher.The problem remains to be solved.It remains to be see whether we can finish it in time.20.spread伸展;延伸;(消息,火)等蔓延,傳播

The news spread through the school quickly.The mother spread a cloth on the table.The fire spread quickly, but all the people were able to escape.21.thus adv相當(dāng)于therefore 因此

The universities have expanded, thus allowing more students to get a higher education.He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the news.He knocked out Tom, thus becoming the champion.22.in one’s turn輪到…./ by turns 輪流/ in turn ① 依次,輪流 ②反之,從而/ in return(for)作為回報(bào) 例如:

Today, I am in my turn on duty to clean the room.The two brothers looked after their sick mother by turns.I gave him some money in return for his help.= He helped me.In return, I gave him some money.高考再現(xiàn):

A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which ________ will promote its economic development.26.block out 擋住(光線和聲音等);忘記,抹掉

The tall building blocked out the sunlight.31.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法:

A + 動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)+as… as…… A + 動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)+ more than….A + 動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)+the +n+ofA.in natureB.in returnC.in turnD.in fact

23.prevent/keep/stop …from….阻止。注意keep后的from不能省,省掉意思就是使…一直干….Shelter/protect… from…保護(hù)…免受….The heavy snow prevented all of us(from)arriving at school on time.The sunglasses can shelter us from the sunlight.24.depend on

依靠,依賴;取決于

When we are old, we have to depend on our children to earn money.Whether you will stay or not depends on you.It/that depends.看情況吧。高考再現(xiàn):

----How often do you eat out?----_________, but usually once a week.A.I have no idea.B.it depends.C.as usualD.Generally speaking

25.the year to come= the coming year在將要到來(lái)的一年。To come做后置定語(yǔ)】

She wanted to block out the unhappy experience.27.visit n&v visit sp.Pay a visit to sp.We are going to pay a visit to/visit the USA in the holiday.28.explain sth.to sb.= explainYou had better explain to your mother the thing.29.lessen

The pain is lessening

after taking the medicine.The government takes measures to lessen the impact of the earthquake.30.get/be close(adj.)to靠近c(diǎn)lose adv.具體的近stand/sit close(adv.)toclosely 抽象的 仔細(xì)地,嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)?密切地

The child examined the animal closely.31.as…as結(jié)構(gòu)中,若中間為第三人稱單數(shù)名詞需要這樣:as+adj.+a/an+n+as

He is as kind a boy as you

.= He is a boy as kind as you.例如:

The hall is three times as large as our classroom.= The hall is three times larger than the classroom.= The hall is twice the size of our classroom.32.now that 既然,和since相當(dāng),有時(shí)候that會(huì)省略。

Now that everyone is here, let’s begin our class.Now that you have got such a chance, you might as well(不妨,最好)make good use of it.33.break out(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),疾病,災(zāi)難)的爆發(fā),無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)when did the first world war break out? break up 分手,解散,粉碎,假期放假,成為碎片

break out 出故障,拋錨;失敗;身體或精神的垮掉,分解34.watch out

小心,注意watch out for 小心….Watch over 看管,照看,監(jiān)視 Watch out!A train is coming.Watch out for the cars whenyou cross the streets.Can you watch over the clothes while we are swimming?

第二篇:高中英語(yǔ)必修三筆記

Unit 1 1.mean v.意思是,意味著+doing;打算,意欲+to do adj.吝嗇的

My new job means travelling a lot.I meant to tell you the truth but didn’t get a chance.I didn’t mean to hurt you.He is too mean to buy his wife a birthday gift.2.take place vi.發(fā)生

Great changes have taken place in my hometown.3.of all kinds 各種各樣的 of … kind …類的

Questions of this kind are difficult to answer.4.starve v.(使)挨餓,餓死

The animals were left to starve to death.She is starving herself to lose weight.starvation n.5.honour v.尊敬,尊重

n.光榮,榮幸;令人感到光榮的人或事 The president honoured us with a personal visit.They are going o fight for the honour of the country.be/feel honoured to do sth.感到榮幸

I am very honoured to be included in the team.do sb.the honour of doing sth.使增光,賞光,給…帶來(lái)榮譽(yù)

Will you do me the honour of becoming my wife?

In honour of 紀(jì)念,為向…表示敬意

A dinner party will be held in honour of our guests.A monument will be put up in honour of those who died during World WarⅡ.6.satisfy v.(使)滿足,(使)滿意

Nothing satisfies him—he is always complaining.satisfy one’s curiosity 7.harm v./Un.損害

The rumor harmed his image.This will do harm to your career.harmful adj.對(duì)…有害的

Smoking is harmful to your health.8.in memory of 作為對(duì)…的紀(jì)念(+死人)

in honour of 作為對(duì)…的紀(jì)念(+死人、活人)

9.dress up 穿上盛裝,穿上正式服裝;裝扮,喬裝打扮

There is no need to dress up—come as you are.10.arrival n.到達(dá),抵達(dá)

We apologized for the late arrival of the train.Guests received the dinner on arrival at the hotel.11.gather v.聚集,收攏,歸攏

The whole family gathered together at Jack’s home.12.award n.獎(jiǎng),獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金,獎(jiǎng)狀

win/receive/get an award 13.produce Un.(農(nóng))產(chǎn)品

product Cn.產(chǎn)品

14.admire v.欽佩,羨慕,贊賞,欣賞

I have always been admiring your new car.I don’t agree with her, but I admire her, for sticking to her principles.15.day and night I think of you day and night.16.turn up

We planned to meet at 7:00 but she never turned up.17.hold one’s breath Hold your breath and count to ten.He held his breath when the results were announced.18.apologize v.道歉+to sb.for sth.We apologize for the late arriving.Go and apologize to her.apology n.make an apology to sb.for sth.19.drown v.Two children drowned after falling into the water.The fruit was drowned in cream.20.obvious adj.be obvious to sb.that…

It is obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated.21.marry sb.be married to sb.22.set off 出發(fā)+for..We set off for London just after ten o’clock.23.remind v.提醒,使想起

You remind me of your father when you say that.Please remind me to phone Jack before I go.24.forgive v.原諒

I’ll never forgive her for what she did.Unit 2 1.diet n.日常飲食,日常食物;特種飲食,規(guī)定的飲食;飲食限制

A balanced diet and regular exercise are both important to our health.be/go on a diet The doctor asked him to go on a diet to lose weight.I’m on a diet.2.balance v.(使)保持平衡,(使)均衡,(使)平穩(wěn)

The dog balanced a ball on his nose.balanced adj.均衡的,調(diào)和的 3.frustrate v.使沮喪,使灰心,使受挫折

I find it frustrating that I can’t speak French.I’m feeling rather frustrated in my present job.4.barbecue v.燒烤

n.烤肉

We had a barbecue on the beach.roast adj.烤好的,烤制的 v.烤 5.slim v.減肥

adj.苗條的

I don’t want any cake, but I’m trying to slim.6.curious adj.好奇的

I’m curious about what happened.We were curious to know where she had gone.curiosity n.好奇心

7.get away with 做了…而未被發(fā)覺(jué),未受懲罰

How did she get away with cheating? 8.lie v.說(shuō)謊 –lied-lied ;躺,位于 –lay-lain

n.謊言

lay v.下蛋;放置 –laid-laid 9.earn one’s living=make one’s living 謀生

He earned his living as a reporter.10.glare v.怒目而視+at…

She didn’t shout.She just glared at me silently.11.spy on 暗中監(jiān)視,窺探

Have you been spying on me? 12.limited adj.有限的

limit n.限度,限制,限量,極限

a speed limit There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.13.benefit n.優(yōu)勢(shì),益處

vt.使受益,對(duì)…有用

vi.得益于+from…

He couldn’t see the benefit of arguing any longer.We should spend the money on something that will benefit everyone.Who can benefit from those changes? 14.combine v.組合,結(jié)合,聯(lián)合,混合

combine work with pleasure Is it possible to combine the two parties? 15.cut down 減少…的量,縮減

We couldn’t cut down our expense any more.16.only too 極為,非常

I’m only too pleased to be able to get home.17.consult v.咨詢,請(qǐng)教+sb.about sth.;與…商議,商量+with sb.about/on sth.Unit 3 1.bring up 養(yǎng)育,撫養(yǎng),教養(yǎng);提出;嘔吐

She brought up 5 children.He was brought up by his aunt.Bring it up at the meeting.bring up the lunch 2.set v.為…設(shè)置背景(常用作被動(dòng))

The novel is set in London is the 1960’s.3.bet n.打賭,賭注

make a bet 打賭 win/lose a bet We have got a bet on who is going to arrive first.4.wander v.漫游,游蕩,閑逛;走神,開(kāi)小差

We wandered back towards the car.She wandered aimlessly on the streets.Try not to let your mind wander.Don’t wander off the subject—keep to the point.5.permit v.允許,準(zhǔn)許

permit sb.to do sth.permit doing sth.We don’t permit smoking in the hall.Visitors are not permitted to take photos.6.go ahead(with sth.)開(kāi)始做,著手干

—May I start now?

—Yes, go ahead.The government is going to go ahead with its tax cutting plan.7.stare at 盯著看,凝視,注視

I stared blankly at the piece of paper in front of me.8.fault n.過(guò)錯(cuò),過(guò)失,責(zé)任;缺陷,毛病,故障

It was his fault that we were late.9.spot v.發(fā)現(xiàn),注意到,看見(jiàn)

—Where did you spot him?

—It was in the hotel where we lived.I finally spotted my friend in the crowd.10.passage n.船費(fèi),旅費(fèi);航行,旅行

Have a pleasant passage!work one’s passage 在船上工作以抵船資 11.account n.賬戶

v.解釋,說(shuō)明,是…的原因+for account number open/close an account How do you account for the accident? 12.seek v.尋找,尋求 –sought-sought They sought shelter from the rain.We must seek for a solution to the problem.13.amount n.數(shù)量,數(shù)額+of+Un.large amounts of money 14.take a chance=take chances 碰碰運(yùn)氣,冒冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 15.manner n.方式,方法;態(tài)度,舉止

He answered in a businesslike manner.have a friendly manner

manners n.禮貌,規(guī)矩

It’s bad manners to eat like that.16.simply 確實(shí),簡(jiǎn)直,非常,實(shí)在

The view is simply wonderful.That is simply not true.17.in rags 衣衫襤褸,穿得破舊

The beggar is dressed in rags.18.indeed 其實(shí),實(shí)際上;當(dāng)然,真的,確實(shí);真正地

I don’t mind.Indeed, i am pleased.It’s indeed a beautiful bag.I’m very sad indeed to hear of your father’s death.19.as for 至于,關(guān)于

You’ll have a bed, as for him, he’ll have to sleep on the floor.20.bow n./v 鞠躬

He bowed to/before the queen.21.seat vt.使…坐下

I’m seated.Please be seated.22.disappointed

be disappointed in/with sb.at/by sth.I’m very disappointed by the result.Unit 4 1.violent adj.暴力的,強(qiáng)暴的;猛烈的,劇烈的,強(qiáng)烈的

Children shouldn’t be allowed to watch violent movies.a violent change a violent headache 2.in time 及時(shí);最后,終于

The ambulance got there just in time.He learnt to accept his step mother in time.3.cool down=cool off 變涼,冷卻下來(lái) 4.fundamental adj.基礎(chǔ)的,基本的+to Hard-work is fundamental to success.5.presence n.在場(chǎng),出席;存在,出現(xiàn)

Your presence is requested at the meeting.6.dissolve v.(使)溶解

Salt dissolves in water.Dissolve the salt in water.7.harmful n./adj.+to Smoking is harmful to your health.Smoking does harm to your health.8.multiply v.乘;迅速增加,成倍增加

multiply A by B

multiply A and B together Multiply 2 and 6 together and you get 12.2 multiplied by 6 is/makes/equals 12.9.remain v.剩余,剩下;留待,尚待+to do

link v.仍然是

After the big fire, very little of my house remained.It remains to be seen whether they will like the gift.What happened to the amber room remains a mystery.10.spread v./n.傳播

-spread-spread 11.lessen v.(使)縮小,變小,變少

The noise lessened as the plane got further away.His behaviour has lessened him in her eyes.12.cheer up(使)高興起來(lái),振作起來(lái)

Cheer up!The news isn’t too bad.He took her to the party to cheer her up.13.now(that)conj.既然,由于

Now that John has arrived, we can begin.14.get/have the hang of sth.熟悉某物的用法

15.break out vi.(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),恐慌,火災(zāi)等)突然發(fā)生,爆發(fā)

Unit 5 1.rather than 而不是

I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than a coffee.2.baggage/luggage Un.行李

Two pieces of luggage have gone missing.3.chat v.閑談,聊天

My children spent hours chatting on the phone to their friends.What were you chatting about? 4.scenery Un.(某地、某國(guó)總的外景或外貌)

scene Cn.(Scenery的一部分,但還包括其中的人及其活動(dòng);也可指展現(xiàn)在眼前的情景)

The scene after the earthquake was horrible.view Cn.(從某處看到的景色)

The view from the top of the tower was very wonderful.5.surround v.圍繞,環(huán)繞,包圍,圍住

surround sb./sth.with…

Tall trees surround the lake.The lake is surrounded by/with tall trees.They have surrounded the building with police.6.measure v.測(cè)量,度量;有…的長(zhǎng)度、大小、分量

A ship’s speed is measured in knots.This room measures 6 metres by 4.7.aboard prep./adv.在…上

He is already aboard the plane.We finally went aboard.8.settle down 舒適地坐下或躺下;定居下來(lái)過(guò)安定的生活

I settled down with a book.When are you going to get married and settle down? 9.manage to do=succeed in doing=be able to do 成功地做 10.with in prep.不出(時(shí)間、距離、范圍、限度);在…之內(nèi)

You should receive a reply within 7 days.Is it within walking distance? 11.slight adj.輕微的,略微的

I woke up with a slight headache.slightly adv.略微,稍微

a slightly different version 12.confirm v.證實(shí),進(jìn)一步確定,確認(rèn),批準(zhǔn)

The experiment confirmed his theory.The president confirmed that he would visit France the following month.13.distance n.距離,間隔

What’s the distance from Changchun to Beijing? What’s the distance between Changchun and Beijing?

in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處,遠(yuǎn)方的

I saw smoke in the distance.14.downtown n.城鎮(zhèn)的商業(yè)中心區(qū)

adj.商業(yè)中心區(qū)的 adv.在商業(yè)中心區(qū)

I went downtown to do some shopping today.15.over 在…期間,經(jīng)過(guò)

Will you be at home over Christmas? Over the years he has become lazier and lazier.16.approximately adv.大約,大概

The hospital is approximately 5 kilometers from the station.17.nearby adj.在附近的adv.附近

My parents live nearby.18.terrify v.使恐懼,使十分害怕

Flying terrifies her.19.impress v.給…留下深刻印象;使…銘記

impress sth.on/upon sb.His honesty impresses her.He impresses her with his honesty.My father impressed on me the value of hard work.

第三篇:高中英語(yǔ)第五單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)必修三

至于消費(fèi)時(shí)能想到買幾本什么書(shū),似乎是愛(ài)知識(shí),但那是一種很壞的想法,被它麻醉,結(jié)果是很庸俗的認(rèn)為自己從庸俗中解脫出來(lái)。下面小編給大家分享一些英語(yǔ)第五單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)必修三,希望能夠幫助大家,歡迎閱讀!

英語(yǔ)第五單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)必修三1

重點(diǎn)單詞短語(yǔ)用法

1.rather than

含義:①與其說(shuō)...不如說(shuō)...②而不是

用法:連接名詞、代詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、句子

例句:

① I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.② He rather than you is going to visit the factory.③ The color seems green rather than blue.拓展:①would do…rather than do …寧愿…而不愿…

I would attend the meeting rather than type the documents

② rather than:表客觀事實(shí),其后動(dòng)詞形式與主句一致

Other than 除…之外常用于否定句中

He has been playing cards rather than getting on with work.Yon can't go there other than by swimming across the river.2.chat 聊天;閑聊vi/n

用法:

①vi.: chat-chatted-chatting

②n.:不可數(shù)名詞 have a long chat with…

例句:

①We should help the children who are addicted to chatting online

②QQ where you can chat with your friends ,makes communication easier.3.surround 包圍、圍繞

用法:常與介詞“by”連用be surrounded by/with

例句:

①The people were surrounded by the flood.②I want to surround the building with trees.拓展:surrounding周圍的,只能用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)

4.measure

含義:

①v.:測(cè)量、衡量、判斷

②n.計(jì)量制、計(jì)量單位、措施

用法:

①v.當(dāng)measure作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“有…長(zhǎng)(寬、高等)”用于量尺寸、面積與表示數(shù)量的詞或短語(yǔ)連用,其主語(yǔ)是表示物的名詞或代詞。

②n.:不可數(shù)名詞

take measures/steps to do sth.采取措施作…

例句:

①Our classroom measure seven meters wide.②It's hard to measure the importance of good manners.③An hour is a measure of time.拓展: measurement n.尺寸、測(cè)量 beyond measure 非常、及其 in some measure 在某種程度上

take one's measure 給某人量尺寸

5.settle down

定居、平靜下來(lái)、專心于

例句:Because of the Three Gorges Project, many people left their hometown andsettled down in shanghai

拓展:settle down to doing sth.開(kāi)始認(rèn)真對(duì)待某事

settle on sth.決定做某事

settle for sth.勉強(qiáng)認(rèn)可某事

6.manage to do sth.設(shè)法做成某事

例句:The soldiers managed to save the children from mudslide(塌方).辨析:

① manage to do sth.側(cè)重設(shè)法做成某事、相當(dāng)于succeeded in doing sth.He managed to organize a live concert.He succeeded in organize a live concert.②try to do sth.側(cè)重盡力做某事但不一定成功

I try to persuade him to give up smoking but failed.7.catch sight of

看見(jiàn)、瞥見(jiàn)(強(qiáng)調(diào)突然看到)

用法:側(cè)重表達(dá)看的結(jié)果,相當(dāng)于see

例句: Wen I was walking in the street, I caught sight of my boss

拓展:at first sight 乍一見(jiàn),見(jiàn)到第一眼。out of sight 看不見(jiàn) lose sight of 看不見(jiàn),忽略

8.have a gift for 有…天賦

例句:

She has a gift for learning English.拓展:“gift”的三種用法

① 表天賦、天資、才能

He is a man of many gift

② 指禮物

This car was given to me as a birthday gift

③ “gifted”作形容詞表有天賦的。be gifted at/in

My sister is gifted at drawing

9.border n./v.含義:①n.邊界、國(guó)界、邊沿

②v.與…接壤、接近

用法:

① on the border of 在…的邊緣

② border on 接近、近乎于

例句:

① We camped on the border of a lake

② She felt an anxiety bordering on hysteria(癔病,歇斯底里,不正常的興奮)

拓展:border邊境居民 borderline邊界線 borderland邊疆

10.speed

用法:①作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)表:速進(jìn)、疾行

②作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)表:促進(jìn)、使加速 speed up

③作名詞表:速度、速率 eg:

① The ambulance sped to the hospital.② China is speeding the construction pace in order to catch up with thedeveloped countries.③ at a speed of sixty miles an hour

11.impressed

使印象深刻、使銘記

用法:

①be impressed by/with

②impress on sb.sth.③impress sth.on/upon sb./one's mind/memory eg:

① The girl impressed me most favorably

② My father impressed on me the value of hard work

③ What he said and did was really impressed on me/my memory

12.rise-rose-risen

含義:

①上升

②站起來(lái)、起床 相當(dāng)于:

stand up 和 get up

例句:

①The teacher rose and left the office.②We should form a good habit of rising early in the mooning

辨析:rise 與raise

① rise vi.作:“上升”講時(shí)指繼續(xù)上升,常用于指自然景觀、物價(jià)、溫度、河水、人的職務(wù)等

The sun has not yet risen

② raise vt.意為“舉起”、提出、飼養(yǎng)、種植、作“舉起”講時(shí)往往有使物體到達(dá)應(yīng)有的高度之意

Let's raise glasses to the

friendship.13.mixture n.混合物、混合狀態(tài)

例句:

The talk was conducted in a mixture of English, Russian and French.拓展: ① mix vt./vi 混合,調(diào)配

If you mix blue and yellow.You will get green.② be /get mixed up 弄糊涂了,雜亂無(wú)章

be /get mixed up in/with 卷入、牽涉進(jìn)去

Mix up 混合、混淆

14.confirm

含義:① vt.證實(shí)、證明、批準(zhǔn)

② 使感覺(jué)更強(qiáng)烈、確認(rèn)

例句:

① The new minister will be confirmed by the Queen.② The latest developments confirmed me in my belief.拓展:confirmation n.證實(shí)、確認(rèn)書(shū)

15.distance

含義:① n.距離、遠(yuǎn)方

② 指時(shí)間的久遠(yuǎn)

例句:

① We can see the mountain from the distance。

② After this distance of time, I can't recognize him at the time.拓展:distant 遙遠(yuǎn)的 in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)方 at/from a distance 從遠(yuǎn)處,隔一段距離。

16.dreamed about/of(doing)sth.夢(mèng)想、夢(mèng)見(jiàn)、做夢(mèng)、想象

例句:

① I never dreamed of seeing snow falling in September in Xinjiang.② He got the first place this time ,but he never dreamed of /about it.英語(yǔ)第五單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)必修三2

重點(diǎn)句型

It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall.本句為so…that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

Beijing is so beautiful that it attracts many visitors from abroad everyyear.The trees are extremely tall, Some measuring over 90 meters.Some measuring over 90meters為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在句子中作狀語(yǔ)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有下面幾種形式:

①名詞(代詞)+動(dòng)詞ing形式

We shall play the match tomorrow ,weather permitting

②名詞(代詞)+過(guò)去分詞

The job finished ,we went home.③名詞(代詞)+不定式

So many people to help him,he is sure to succeed.④名詞(代詞)+介詞短語(yǔ)

A girl came in,some books in hand.⑤名詞(代詞)+形容詞或副詞

He sat in the front vow, his mouth half open.⑥There being +名詞(代詞)

There being nothing else to do ,we went home.⑦ It being +名詞(代詞)

It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.At school ,they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundredkilometers of the USA border.過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài):had learned 但由于從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)所以從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的方法和技巧

第一、明確自己的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)

很多人說(shuō)學(xué)英語(yǔ)不就是為了應(yīng)試考試嗎?實(shí)則不然,英語(yǔ)是一門(mén)語(yǔ)言,不論是考試還是交流當(dāng)中也能用到,而當(dāng)你在學(xué)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候一定要明確自己為什么要學(xué)英語(yǔ),學(xué)英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)機(jī)是什么,只有明確自己的動(dòng)機(jī)之后,你才會(huì)關(guān)注一切和英語(yǔ)有關(guān)的信息,這樣才能保持學(xué)習(xí)激情和學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力。

第二、保持良好的英文閱讀習(xí)慣

像英文經(jīng)典名著、報(bào)紙、電子郵件以及社交媒體等等,保持一定的閱讀習(xí)慣,可以給你帶來(lái)很多有趣的新詞匯,即便你已經(jīng)在有一定的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)下面,也可以幫助快速提高你的閱讀反應(yīng)能力,再者新的學(xué)習(xí)新的詞匯的時(shí)候回將你腦海中的其他詞匯重新記憶,另一方面閱讀對(duì)詞語(yǔ)構(gòu)建表達(dá)能力也是非常有幫助的,因?yàn)樵陂喿x的過(guò)程中,詞句是本身帶有英語(yǔ)思維方式,存在潛在的熏陶,所以英語(yǔ)閱讀是非常重要的,且一定要保持良好的閱讀習(xí)慣。

第三、訂閱有去的在線閱讀頻道

像youtube或者播客頻道,涵蓋政治話題、生活、教育等話題內(nèi)容,你可以在休閑時(shí)刻或者上班路上收聽(tīng),在剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候你可能會(huì)覺(jué)口音發(fā)音困難,但是只要堅(jiān)持下去,你很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你所聽(tīng)到的以及你能理解的都是純正的以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)國(guó)家人士的詞匯,對(duì)于的發(fā)音以及聽(tīng)力是非常有幫助的。

第四、不斷的使用新詞匯以達(dá)到鞏固的作用

要說(shuō)這個(gè)技巧是非常大眾化的一個(gè)技巧,因?yàn)樵谟⒄Z(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中,大家都喜歡一些新鮮事物,不太喜歡按部就班的學(xué)習(xí)方式,因此在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程當(dāng)中可以多多的使用新單詞進(jìn)行詞句構(gòu)建,讓學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程保持新鮮感,同時(shí)也能在詞句構(gòu)建的過(guò)程中塑造英語(yǔ)思維方式。

第五、保持解決問(wèn)題的能力

在學(xué)英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程當(dāng)中難免會(huì)碰到很多問(wèn)題,而這些問(wèn)題如果能夠得到及時(shí)解決,那么對(duì)于養(yǎng)成解決問(wèn)題的能力是非常有幫助的,在日后出現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)瓶頸的時(shí)候自己能夠輕松的找到突破的方法,但如果遇到問(wèn)題不予與積極解決,問(wèn)題越堆越多對(duì)自身的學(xué)習(xí)自信心以及學(xué)習(xí)技巧的驗(yàn)證也是會(huì)起到很大的一個(gè)負(fù)面的作用.高中英語(yǔ)第五單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)必修三

第四篇:高中英語(yǔ)必修三知識(shí)點(diǎn)

學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)容易,轉(zhuǎn)化成為能力很難;提出問(wèn)題容易,得到圓滿答復(fù)很難;點(diǎn)評(píng)別人容易,身臨其境去做很難;指責(zé)同事容易,正確評(píng)價(jià)自己很難。下面小編給大家分享一些高中英語(yǔ)必修三知識(shí),希望能夠幫助大家,歡迎閱讀!

高中英語(yǔ)必修三知識(shí)1

第一單元)starve

作不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“餓死,挨餓”。

starve for=be starve of/for,表示“渴望獲得,迫切得到”。)plenty

作不可數(shù)名詞,只用于肯定句中,表示“充足,大量,富裕”,可做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。

做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞隨著 plenty 所指的單復(fù)數(shù)形式作相應(yīng)的變化。

plenty 也可作副詞,表示“充分地,十足地,好多”。

in plenty 表示“大量的,豐富,充裕”可作表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)。)satisfy

作及物動(dòng)詞,表示“滿意,使?jié)M足”,直接跟賓語(yǔ),若接 that 從句時(shí),意思是“使相信”,從句前有間接賓語(yǔ)。

satisfy … with 以……滿足

be satisfied with 對(duì)……滿足

satisfy … for 向……償還

be satisfied to do sth 滿足于做某事)harm

作名詞,意為“損害”,不與不定冠詞連用,常與 do,come,mean 等動(dòng)詞搭配。

do more harm than good 弊大于利

There ’ s no harm in(sb ’ s)doing sth=It does no harm for sb to do sth做某事無(wú)害處

作及物動(dòng)詞,表示“損害,傷害”。)lead

作及物動(dòng)詞,表示“領(lǐng)導(dǎo),引導(dǎo)”其賓語(yǔ)常接介詞短語(yǔ)或者副詞作賓補(bǔ)。

表示“影響,致使”時(shí),后接介詞 to,也可以接不定式。

lead sb into 使某人陷入某種不良的狀態(tài)。

lead sb away 使盲從,常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

lead nowhere 毫無(wú)結(jié)果,對(duì)……不起作用。

lead up to sth 作為……準(zhǔn)備,導(dǎo)致。

lead sb by the nose 牽著某人的鼻子,完全操縱某人

lead a dog ’ s life 過(guò)困難的生活

lead sb believe that 使某人相信(假的事情或不確切的事情)

lead the way 帶路,帶頭

lead 作為名詞,give sb alead 給某人做出榜樣,提示某人)origin

是名詞,表示“起源,起因,出身”。

be of origin 起源于,出身于)event

是名詞,表示“事變,事件”,既可以指歷史上的,國(guó)際上的,國(guó)內(nèi)的大事件,也可以指日常事件 , 復(fù)數(shù)形式還可以指事態(tài)的發(fā)展和結(jié)局。

也可以指體育比賽中的“項(xiàng)目”。

常見(jiàn)詞組: at all events/in every event 總之,無(wú)論如何,不管怎樣

in the event 結(jié)果,終于 in the event of 萬(wàn)一,如果,倘若 in that event 若果那樣的話)dress

作及物動(dòng)詞,表示“給……穿衣”,后接人作賓語(yǔ),也可以做不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“穿上衣服,穿著衣服”。

dress up 穿上盛裝,打扮

dress 作不可數(shù)名詞,表示“衣服”;作可數(shù)名詞,表示“婦女及兒童的衣服”。

dress sth up 修飾,掩飾)trick

play a trick on sb=play sb a trick 開(kāi)某人的玩笑,詐騙某人

do/turn the trick 達(dá)到(預(yù)期的)目的,獲得成功。

have a/the trick of doing sth(有)做……的習(xí)慣 / 癖好。

be up to tricks,be at one ’ stricks 玩鬼把戲,鬧惡作劇

trick 可以做動(dòng)詞,trick sbinto doing 騙某人去做某事 trick sb out of …騙取某人)memory

是名詞,表示“記憶”時(shí),接 for 而不接 of。

復(fù)數(shù)形式 memories 可表示往事。

in memory of 紀(jì)念,一般表示對(duì)死者的紀(jì)念。

lose one ’ s memory “失去記憶”,可能永遠(yuǎn)也想不起來(lái);而 slip sb ’ s memory指一般想不起來(lái),可能不知道什么時(shí)候又想起。

within one ’ s memory=within the memory of 表示“記憶所及的時(shí)間”。)gain

作及物動(dòng)詞,表示“獲得”,指經(jīng)過(guò)努力取得有價(jià)值的東西或想要的東西。

也可以表示“增加,增進(jìn);(鐘,表)走得快”。

作不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“獲得利益,增加,改善”。

作名詞表示“收獲,利益,增加”。常用的詞組有“ gain in 增加 gain over 說(shuō)服 gain on sb/sth 趕上)gather

作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“搜集,采集,恢復(fù),積累,加速”。還可以表示“推斷,得出(印象,想法”后常接從句。

作不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“聚集,群集”。

常用的詞組有: gather oneself together 振作精神 gather oneself up 集中全力,鼓起勇氣)admire

作及物動(dòng)詞,只能接名詞或者代詞作賓語(yǔ),不能接賓語(yǔ)從句。

admire to do 高興做 admire sb for sth 在某方面欽佩某人 admire at 對(duì)……感到羨慕,對(duì)……感到驚訝)forward

作副詞,表示“向前地,向未來(lái)”。

look forward to 盼望,期待 push one ’ s way forward 擠著向前走 come forward 走出來(lái)

put forward 提出 backward and forward 來(lái)回

forward 作形容詞,表示“在前面的,熱心參與的”。

作名詞,表示“(足球,曲棍球的)前鋒”。

作動(dòng)詞,表示“轉(zhuǎn)遞,增進(jìn),發(fā)送,提高”。)take place

表示“發(fā)生”有計(jì)劃的,有目的的,有準(zhǔn)備的發(fā)生,是不及物動(dòng)詞,無(wú)賓語(yǔ),不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

區(qū)別 take place,happen,break out :

take place 有計(jì)劃的發(fā)生,多指運(yùn)動(dòng),變化,進(jìn)步,會(huì)議,婚禮等。

happen 偶然發(fā)生或者意外事件的發(fā)生。

break out 表示“突然發(fā)生,爆發(fā)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)出人意料,多指地震,火災(zāi),火山,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),疾病,瘟疫等的突然發(fā)生。

take one ’ s place 表示“代替某人,執(zhí)政,上臺(tái)”。

take the place of 表示“取代,代替”。)fool 的短語(yǔ)

make fool of 欺騙,捉弄 act/play the fool 瞎胡鬧,逗樂(lè)

fool around/about 無(wú)所事事,胡混 fool out of 騙走 fool away 把(時(shí)間)胡混掉 fool with胡擺弄)apologize

apologize to sb for doing sth 因?yàn)樽隽四呈孪蚰橙说狼?/p>

make an apology to sb for doing sth 道歉)drown

表示“淹死,淹沒(méi),浸泡,沉浸于”。

drown one ’ s sorrow in drink 借酒消愁

drown sth out 淹沒(méi))wipe

wipe sth from/off sth 把……從……上擦掉 / 擦凈。

wipe out 擦拭(盆,碗等的)內(nèi)部,除去,消滅,摧毀。

wipe over 再擦一遍。

wipe the floor with sb(在辯論中,競(jìng)賽中)把某人打得一敗涂地。)weep

weep about 為……而哭泣 weep at 看到 / 聽(tīng)到……而哭泣 weep away 一直哭

weep for/over 因……而哭泣 weep out 哭著抒發(fā)掉)forgive

作及物動(dòng)詞,表示“原諒,赦免”,有時(shí)可以接雙賓語(yǔ)。

forgive sb for doing sth 原諒某人做某事)有關(guān) word 的短語(yǔ):

give one ’ s word 許諾 break one ’ s word to 失信于 have a ward with sb和某人交談

have words with sb 和某人吵架 have word 聽(tīng)到消息 eat one ’ s word 認(rèn)錯(cuò),道歉

go back on one ’ s word 食言 put in/say a good word for sb 為某人說(shuō)好話相助

say the word 發(fā)指令,發(fā)信號(hào) in short words 簡(jiǎn)言之 in other words 換句話說(shuō)

in a/one word 總之 word for word 逐字地,一字不差地 by word of mouth 口頭上

without a word 什么也沒(méi)說(shuō))有關(guān) breath 的短語(yǔ):

catch one ’ s breath 屏息 drawn breath 歇口氣 drawn one ’ s first/last breath出生/ 死亡

get one ’ s breath 恢復(fù)正常呼吸 lose one ’ s breath 氣喘吁吁 save one ’ s breath不必浪費(fèi)口舌

take one ’ s breath away 使某人吃驚 waste one ’ s breath 白費(fèi)唇舌 out of/short ofbreath 喘不過(guò)氣,上氣不接下氣)set off

“出發(fā),起程”,還可以表示“使爆炸,激發(fā)”。

有關(guān) set 的短語(yǔ):

set up 建立,樹(shù)立,創(chuàng)立 set forth 出發(fā),起程,公布 set out 開(kāi)始,著手,出發(fā)

set about 著手,試圖,開(kāi)始 set fire to 點(diǎn)火 set to doing sth 開(kāi)始做某事

set … aside 把……放在一邊 set sth down 記下來(lái) set … free 將……釋放)as though

表示“好像,似乎”,引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

如果 as though 從句中所敘述的情況是事實(shí)或有可能發(fā)生,也可用于陳述語(yǔ)氣。

其后面除了跟句子外,還可以跟名詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,形容詞(短語(yǔ)),介詞短語(yǔ)或分詞。

還可以表示感嘆語(yǔ)氣,來(lái)對(duì)某項(xiàng)建議、假設(shè)或推測(cè)表示不贊成,驚訝,不滿和厭惡等。

3.語(yǔ)法

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

定義 :

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義 ,但要與動(dòng)詞原形及其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一起使用,給謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞增添情態(tài)色彩,表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法,認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加動(dòng)詞原形。

分類:

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有四類:

①只做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: must,can(could),may(might),ought to

②可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞: need,dare

③可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做助動(dòng)詞: shall(should),will(would)

④具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特征: have(had,has)to,used to

位置 :

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句中放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前 , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前若有助動(dòng)詞 , 則在助動(dòng)詞之前 , 疑問(wèn)句中 , 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞則在主語(yǔ)之前。

特點(diǎn):

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化 , 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形 ,否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加 “ not ”。個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式兩種形式 ,過(guò)去式用來(lái)表達(dá)更加客氣, 委婉的語(yǔ)氣 , 時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng) , 可用于過(guò)去,現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞屬非及物動(dòng)詞,故沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

基本助動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞最主要的區(qū)別之一是,基本助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義,而情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞則有自己的詞義,能表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的看法,或表示主觀設(shè)想。

除此之外,情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞還有如下詞法和句法特征:)除 ought 和 used 以外,其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面只能接不帶 to 的不定式。如果我們把 ought to 和 used to看做是固定詞組的話,那么,所有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)一例外地只能接不帶 to 的不定式。)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞在限定動(dòng)詞詞組總是位居第一。)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞用于第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候,沒(méi)有詞形變化,即其詞尾無(wú)-s 形式。)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有非限定形式,即沒(méi)有不定式和分詞形式,也沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的動(dòng)名詞。)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的“時(shí)”的形式并不是時(shí)間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志。在不少場(chǎng)合,情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)形式都可以表示現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)時(shí)間。)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞之間是相互排斥的,即在一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞詞組中只能出現(xiàn)一個(gè)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞,但有時(shí)卻可以與 have 和 be 基本助動(dòng)詞連用。

用法

首先它是動(dòng)詞,而且不同于行為動(dòng)詞,行為動(dòng)詞表示的是可以通過(guò)行為來(lái)表達(dá)的動(dòng)作(如寫(xiě),讀,跑),而情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只是表達(dá)的一種想法(如能,也許,敢)。

用法是:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 行為動(dòng)詞原形

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義 , 表示說(shuō)話人的情緒 , 態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞 , 但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ) , 只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞數(shù)量不多 , 但用途廣泛 , 主要有下列 :

can(could), may(might), must, need, ought to, dare(dared),shall(should), will(would),have(to),had better.功能

助動(dòng)詞(auxiliary)主要有兩類:基本助動(dòng)詞(primary auxiliary)和情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞(modalauxiliary)。基本助動(dòng)詞有三個(gè): do, have 和 be;情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞基本的有十四個(gè): may, might;can, could;will,would;shall, should;must, need, dare,used to, ought to,had better上述兩類助動(dòng)詞的共同特征是,在協(xié)助主動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成限定動(dòng)詞詞組時(shí),具有作用詞的功能。)構(gòu)成否定式。)構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式或附加疑問(wèn)式。)構(gòu)成修辭倒裝。)代替限定動(dòng)詞詞組。

can 和 could 的用法

1.表示能力或客觀可能性,還可以表示請(qǐng)求和允許。

注意:① could 也可表示請(qǐng)求,語(yǔ)氣委婉,主要用于疑問(wèn)句,不可用于肯定句,答語(yǔ)應(yīng)用 can(即 could不能用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)中)。

② can 表示能力時(shí),還可用 be able to 代替。

2.表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。(主要用在否定句、疑問(wèn)句或驚嘆句中)

3.“ can(could)+ have + 過(guò)去分詞”的疑問(wèn)或否定形式表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為懷疑或不肯定。

4.用在疑問(wèn)句及否定句中,表示驚訝,不相信等。

5.cannot … tooenough 表示“無(wú)論怎樣……也不過(guò)分”,“越……越好”。

may 和 might 的用法

1.表示許可。

表示請(qǐng)求、允許時(shí),might 比 may 的語(yǔ)氣更委婉一些,否定回答時(shí)(口語(yǔ)中常用)no , you can ’ t.or , yes,please 用 mustn ’ t 表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意(具有強(qiáng)烈禁止的意思)。

用 May I …征詢對(duì)方許可在文體上比較正式,在口氣上比較客氣。在日常口語(yǔ)中,用 Can I … 征詢對(duì)方意見(jiàn)在現(xiàn)代口語(yǔ)中更為常見(jiàn)。

2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。

3.表示推測(cè)、可能(疑問(wèn)句不能用于此意)。

4.“ may(might)+ have + 過(guò)去分詞”表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的推測(cè)。

must 和 have to 的用法

1.表示必須、必要。(must 表示主觀多一些而 have to 則表示客觀多一些)

回答 must 引出的問(wèn)句時(shí),如果是否定的回答,不能用 mustn ’ t,而要用 needn ’ t 或 don ’ t have to。

2.“ must be + 表語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測(cè),它的否定或疑問(wèn)式用 can 代替 must。

3.“ must + have + 過(guò)去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)常用在肯定句中,表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的推測(cè)。它的否定或疑問(wèn)式用 can 代替 must。

4.have to 的含義與 must 相似,兩者往往可以互換使用,但 have to 有各種形式,隨 have 的變化而定。must 與have to 有下列幾點(diǎn)不同:

① must 表示的是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法,而have to 則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。

② must 一般只表現(xiàn)在,have 則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。

③ 二者的否定意義不大相同。

④ 詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿時(shí)應(yīng)用 must。

注意: have to 也可拼做 have got to。

dare 和 need 的用法

1.need 表示“需要”或“必須”,作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),僅用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中,在肯定句中一般用 must, have to, ought to, 或should 代替。

注意: needn ’ t + 不定式的完成式“表示本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事”

2.Dare 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),主要用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中,一般不用在肯定句中。

3.Dare 和need 常用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化,所不同的是,作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),在肯定句中,dare 后面通常接帶 to的不定式,在否定和疑問(wèn)句中,dare 后面可接帶 to 或不帶 to 的不定式。

shall 和 should 的用法

一.shall 的用法:

1.shall 用于第一人稱,表示征求對(duì)方的意愿。

2.shall 用于第一、第三人稱疑問(wèn)句中,表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。

3.shall 用于第二、第三人稱,表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。

二.should 的用法:

1.should 表示勸告、建議、命令,其同義詞是 ought to;在疑問(wèn)句中,通常用 should 代替 ought to。

should 的含義較多,用法較活,現(xiàn)介紹三種其特殊用法。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should 用于第一人稱時(shí)可以表示說(shuō)話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語(yǔ)氣。

should 還可以用在 if 引導(dǎo)的條件從句,表示一件事聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能性很小,但也不是完全沒(méi)有可能。相當(dāng)于“萬(wàn)一”的意思。從句謂語(yǔ)由 should加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,主句謂語(yǔ)卻不一定用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

此外,Why(or How)+ should 結(jié)構(gòu)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某事不能理解,感到意外、驚異等意思。意為“竟會(huì)”。

2.“ should + have + 過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)一般表示義務(wù),表示應(yīng)該做到而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做到,并包含一種埋怨、責(zé)備的口氣。

will 和 would 的用法

1.表示請(qǐng)求、建議等,would 比 will 委婉客氣。

2.表示意志、愿望和決心。

3.用“ will be ”和“ will(would)+ have +過(guò)去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測(cè),主要用于第二、三人稱。前者表示對(duì)目前情況的推測(cè),后者表示對(duì)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或事態(tài)的推測(cè)。

4.would 可表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。would 表過(guò)去習(xí)慣時(shí)比 used to 正式,并沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”的含義。

5.表料想或猜想。

ought to 的用法

1.ought to 表示應(yīng)該。

2.表示推測(cè)。注意與 must 表示推測(cè)時(shí)的區(qū)別:

He must be at home by now.(斷定他已到家)

He ought to be home by now.(不十分肯定)

This is where the oil must be.(比較直率)

This is where the oil ought to be.(比較含蓄)

3.“ ought to + have + 過(guò)去分詞”表示過(guò)去應(yīng)做某事而實(shí)際未做。

注意:在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,ought to 用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí),to 可以省略。

ought 和 should 的區(qū)別:

1.ought 語(yǔ)氣略強(qiáng)。

2.should 較常用。

3.ought 在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中用的很少,而 should 卻相當(dāng)常用。

4.ought 屬正式用語(yǔ)。

used to,had better,would rather 的用法

1.used to 表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在已不存在,在間接引語(yǔ)中,其形式可不變。如:

He told us he used to play football when he was young.在疑問(wèn)句、否定句、否定疑問(wèn)句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,可有兩種形式:

疑問(wèn)句

Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?

Used you to go to the same school as your brother?

否定句

I usedn ’ t to go there.I didn ’ t use to go there.usedn ’ t 亦可拼作 usen ’ t,但發(fā)音皆為 ['ju:snt]。

否定疑問(wèn)句

Usen ’ t you to be interested in the theatre?

Didn ’ t you use to be interested in the theatre?

Had better 意為“最好”,后接不帶 to 的不定式。

注:① had best 與 had better 同意,但較少用。② You had better …用于同輩或小輩,對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩不可用。

Would rather 意為“寧愿”,表選擇,后接不帶 to 的不定式。

由于 would rather 表選擇,因而后可接 than。

高中英語(yǔ)必修三知識(shí)2

第二單元)diet

作名詞,表示“日常飲食”。

be/go on diet 節(jié)食

作動(dòng)詞,表示“節(jié)食“。)區(qū)別 energy,strength,power 和 force :

energy 主要指人的精力,工作或活動(dòng)的能力,自然界的能等。

power 主要指做一件事情所依靠的的能力,功能,人或機(jī)器等事物所潛在的或所發(fā)揮出來(lái)的力量,職權(quán),權(quán)力或政權(quán)。

force 主要指自然界中的力量,暴力,勢(shì)力,說(shuō)服力,壓力,法律,道德或情感的力量,軍事的力量。

strength 指一人或一物所含的內(nèi)在的力量,能用以從事,忍受,或抵抗很多事物。)balance

作名詞,表示“天平,秤;平衡,平穩(wěn)“。

be/hang in the balance 不確定的,尚未決定的keep one ’ s balance 保持平衡

on balance 考慮周全,總的來(lái)說(shuō)

strike a balance 找出折中辦法,妥協(xié)

作動(dòng)詞,表示“權(quán)衡,平衡”;balance A against B 權(quán)衡利弊。)sign

作名詞,表示“記號(hào),符號(hào),標(biāo)志,標(biāo)記,手勢(shì),跡象,指示牌”等。

作動(dòng)詞表示“簽名,簽署,示意,做手勢(shì)”。

in sign of 作為……的記號(hào);表示……的。

make no sign of 沒(méi)有……的樣子(跡象),沒(méi)有表示……

sign for 簽約應(yīng)聘或受雇

sign for sth 簽收某物

sign sb on/up 使某人簽約受雇

sign up(for sth)注冊(cè)參加(俱樂(lè)部,課程))sigh

sigh over … 為……嘆息

sigh for 想念,思念

sigh out/forth sth 邊嘆息邊說(shuō)出……)slim

作形容詞,表示“苗條的,纖細(xì)的,小的”。

作動(dòng)詞,表示“變細(xì),減肥”。

slim down 減肥,縮減。)lie

作名詞,表示“謊言,謊話,假象”是可數(shù)名詞。

若表示說(shuō)謊,只能使 tell lies 或者 tell a lie。

a white lie 無(wú)惡意的謊言

throw a lie in sb ’ s face 當(dāng)面斥責(zé)某人說(shuō)謊

give the lie to 證明……不真實(shí)

live a lie 過(guò)騙人的生活

作動(dòng)詞 , 表示“說(shuō)謊”。

lie one ’ s way into/out of 靠撒謊得到某物

lie sb out of sth 從某人處騙取某物

lie in one ’ s teeth/throat 睜著眼睛說(shuō)瞎話

lie lied lied 說(shuō)謊

lie lay lain 位于,躺著,平方

lay laid laid 放置,產(chǎn)卵)rid

rid sb/sth of … 使某人或某物擺脫……

get rid of 擺脫,除出

be rid of=rid oneself of 除去,擺脫)amount

a large amount of 大量的(后跟不可數(shù)名詞)

no amount of 再多的……也不……

作不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“總計(jì),等于”后跟介詞 to。)debt

be in debt 欠債

be out of debt 不欠債

get/run into debt 負(fù)債

be deep/deeply/heavily in debt 負(fù)債累累

pay/back/repay one ’ s debt 償還債務(wù)

clear/pay off/wipe off one ’ s debt=get outof debt 還清債務(wù)

be in sb ’ s debt=be in debt to sb 欠某人的情,感激某人)區(qū)別 glare,gaze,stare,glance :

glare 指怒視,強(qiáng)調(diào)敵對(duì)或者威脅的態(tài)度。

stare 指睜大眼睛出神地看,注視,瞪視,這種注視出于驚訝,好奇,羨慕,恐懼,有時(shí)是粗魯無(wú)禮的。

glance 指瞥視,匆匆一看。

gaze 指目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看,凝視,注視,這種注視是由于驚奇,喜歡或興趣所致。)limit

作動(dòng)詞,limit … to … 把……限定在……范圍內(nèi)。

作名詞,常與介詞 to 連用。

形容詞 limited 表示“有限的,極少的,(見(jiàn)解)狹窄的”。)benefit

作動(dòng)詞,表示“使……受益”。

benefit from/by … 從……中受益

be of benefit of 對(duì)……有益,對(duì)……有利)有關(guān) throw 的短語(yǔ):

trow at 向……扔去 throw about 亂扔 throw off 扔開(kāi),擺脫 throw back 扔回 throw down 扔下,推翻throw sb over 背棄某人 throw oneself on/upon sb/sth 依賴 throw oneself into sth積極做某事)有關(guān) get 的短語(yǔ):

1.get about(around)

(1)(能)到處走動(dòng),旅行。(2)(消息、謠言等)傳播,流傳。

2.get along

(1)離開(kāi)(某地)。(2)相處,過(guò)日子,合得來(lái)。(3)進(jìn)展。

3.get away

(1)離開(kāi),逃離,逃走。(2)逃避責(zé)罰,免受處罰,受較輕處罰。

4.get back

(1)返回,回家。(2)取回,拿回,失而復(fù)得。

5.get down 下來(lái),取下,放下,弄下,寫(xiě)下,打下,吞下。

6.get down to(6doing)sth 開(kāi)始做某事,認(rèn)真處理某事。

7.get in

(1)進(jìn)站,到達(dá),回來(lái)。(2)請(qǐng)來(lái)。(3)插話。(4)收獲,收割。

8.get off

(1)起飛,動(dòng)身,出發(fā)。(2)下班,下車。(3)從輕處罰,被放過(guò)。

9.get on

(1)上車。(2)進(jìn)行,進(jìn)展,過(guò)日子。(3)相處。

10.get out

(1)出來(lái),出去,離開(kāi)。(2)拿出,取出。(3)出版,發(fā)表。(4)泄漏,傳出。

11.get out of

(1)逃避,躲掉。(2)為了逃避工作,使說(shuō)出(拿出等)。(3)放棄,戒除,停止。

12.get over

(1)走過(guò),越過(guò),渡過(guò)。(2)克服,戰(zhàn)勝。(3)恢復(fù),痊愈。

13.get through

(1)做完,用完,吃完,看完。(2)通過(guò)(考試),接通(電話),度過(guò)(時(shí)間)。

14.get together 聚會(huì),聯(lián)歡。

15.get up

(1)起床,起身。(2)打扮。(3)舉辦。

16.get doing

(1)繼續(xù)做某事。(2)開(kāi)始做起某事來(lái)。

17.get done

(1)被……。(2)處于某種狀態(tài)。

18.get sb sth / get sth for sb sth / 為某人弄到某物。

19.get sb(sth)to.do sth 做某人(某事物)做某事。

20.get sb(sth)doing sth 使某人(某事物)(開(kāi)始)起來(lái)。

21.get sth done 使某事被做。注:有時(shí)表示遭遇。

22.get to do sth

(1)開(kāi)始做某事。(2)有機(jī)會(huì)做某事,設(shè)法做成某事。

高中英語(yǔ)必修三知識(shí)3

第三單元)bet

make a bet 打賭

place/put a bet on 在……下賭注

one ’ s best bet 最好的辦法

作動(dòng)詞,表示“打賭,賭博”,后直接加賓語(yǔ)。

I bet(that)表示“我敢肯定”,相當(dāng)于 I am sure。

you bet 表示“肯定,沒(méi)問(wèn)題”,相當(dāng)于 certainly。)scene

scene 表示“(戲劇,電影中的)一幕 / 一場(chǎng),出事地點(diǎn),現(xiàn)場(chǎng),情景;風(fēng)景,布景”。

behind the scenes 在幕后;秘密地。

on the scene 在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。

set the scene(for sth)作事前的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)描述,為……做準(zhǔn)備。

come on the scene 到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。)stage

表示“舞臺(tái),戲劇,階段”,可以表示“路程,一段路,(事故發(fā)生的)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)”。

be/go on the stage 當(dāng)演員,登臺(tái)演出

set the stage for sth 為某事做準(zhǔn)備。)tale

是可數(shù)名詞,表示“傳說(shuō),故事”。

tell its own tale 不言自喻,顯而易見(jiàn)。)permit

作動(dòng)詞,后接名詞或者代詞,表示“允許,答應(yīng)”;也可以表示“使可能”。

后接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

后接動(dòng)名詞,不能直接跟不定式。

分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。

后不能跟從句。

permit of sth 認(rèn)可,容忍。

作名詞,表示“許可證,執(zhí)照,許可”。)account

作名詞,表示“敘述,報(bào)道,理由,賬目,戶頭”。

by/from all accounts 根據(jù)大家所說(shuō)的。

give an account of 敘述,報(bào)道,說(shuō)明。

作名詞,表示“認(rèn)為”時(shí),后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。

account for 表示“做出解釋,導(dǎo)致,是……的原因”,還可以表示“占,捕獲”。

常見(jiàn)的詞組:

out of account 不考慮 on all accounts/on every account 無(wú)論如何 on no account決不

take … into account/take account of … 對(duì)……加以考慮,顧及…… turn … to good account利用)jealous

be jealous of sb 嫉妒,唯恐某人被他人奪走。

be jealous of sth 妒忌,精心守護(hù)。)issue

作動(dòng)詞,表示“發(fā)行,出版,發(fā)布“。

issue sb with sth 將某物發(fā)給某人。

issue in 導(dǎo)致。

作名詞,表示“流出,發(fā)行,(出版物的)期號(hào),爭(zhēng)端”。

at issue 要考慮的,意見(jiàn)不同的。

take issue with sb(on/over/about)就某事論某人。)bow

bow at sb 朝某人鞠躬 bow to sb 鞠躬迎接某人

bow sb in/into 鞠躬迎入某人 bow sb out 鞠躬送走某人

bow to sth 順從某事

take a/one ’ s bow(演員)鞠躬謝幕(bow 作名詞)。)pretend

作及物動(dòng)詞,后接動(dòng)詞不定式,that 從句,名詞。

pretend to sth 表示“自以為有……”,后面接名詞,常指“學(xué)問(wèn),智慧,美德”。)有關(guān) trouble 的詞組:

get into trouble 陷入困境,惹麻煩 ask for/look for/borrow trouble 自找麻煩,自討苦吃

be a trouble to sb 對(duì)某人是個(gè)麻煩 be a trouble to do 干某事是件麻煩事

be in trouble 處于困境 get sb into trouble 使某人陷入困境 get out of trouble 擺脫困境

have trouble doing sth 做某事很費(fèi)力 make trouble 鬧事,搗亂 make trouble for sb給某人帶來(lái)麻煩 take the trouble to do sth=take the troublein doing sth 不辭勞苦地做某事 troublesb to do sth 麻煩某人做某事 trouble sb for sth 麻煩某人某事

3.語(yǔ)法

名詞性從句

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(Noun Clauses)。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組 ,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。

一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞

引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:

連詞: that(無(wú)任何詞意)

whether,if(均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性)

as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)

以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分

連接代詞: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.whichever,whomever

連接副詞: when, where, how, why

不可省略的連詞:

1.介詞后的連詞

2.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比較:

whether 與 if 均為”是否”的意思。但在下列情況下,whether 不能被 if 取代:

1.whether 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首

2.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句

3.whether 從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)

4.從句后有” or not ”

Whether he will come is not clear.大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句都可以置于句末,用 it 充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)。

二.主語(yǔ)從句

作句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞 that,whether,if 和連接代詞 what,who,which,whatever,whoever 以及連接副詞 how,when,where,why 等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無(wú)詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。

有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語(yǔ) it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首,而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下:

(1)It + be + 名詞 + that 從句

(2)It + be + 形容詞 + that 從句

(3)It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + that 從句

(4)It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that 從句

另注意在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should)+do ”,常用的句型有:

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that …

It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.)that …

It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that …

三、賓語(yǔ)從句

名詞句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。

1.由連接詞 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

由連接詞 that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),that 在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是并列句時(shí) , 第二個(gè)分句前的 that不可省

注意:在 demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后,賓語(yǔ)從句常用“(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。

2.用 who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever,whatever,whichever 等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句,應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。

3.用 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,其主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語(yǔ)序。此外,whether 與 if在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用 whether,不用 if :

a.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首時(shí);b.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí);c.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí);d.從句后有“ or not ”時(shí);e.后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。

4.注意賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況,而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。

當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(could, would除外),從句則要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),如一般過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等;當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理,科學(xué)原理,自然現(xiàn)象,則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。

5.think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中,要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健<磳木渲械姆穸ㄐ问揭频街骶渲小?/p>

四、表語(yǔ)從句

在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后,有時(shí)用 as if 引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語(yǔ)+ 系動(dòng)詞 + that 從句。

需要注意的,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是 reason 時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句要用 that 引導(dǎo)而不是 because。

【注意】 whether 可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,但與之同義的 if 卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。

五、同位語(yǔ)從句

同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由 that 引導(dǎo),可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有 advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word 等。

同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:

that 作為關(guān)系代詞,可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,充當(dāng)句子成分,在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略;that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),起連詞的作用,沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義,不充當(dāng)句子成分,一般不能省略。

試比較下面兩個(gè)例句 :

I had no idea that you were here.(that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,不能省略)

Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancientGreece ?(that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,作賓語(yǔ),可以省略)

六、名詞性 that-從句)由從屬連詞 that 引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性 that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,本身也沒(méi)有詞義。名詞性 that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主 語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和形容詞賓語(yǔ),例如:

主語(yǔ): That he is still alive is sheer luck.他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。

賓語(yǔ): John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.約翰說(shuō)他星期三要到倫敦去。

表語(yǔ): The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事實(shí)是近來(lái)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他。

同位語(yǔ):The fact that he has not been seen recentlydisturbs everyone in hisoffice.近來(lái)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他,這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安。

形容詞賓語(yǔ): I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你對(duì)工作滿意我感到很高興。)That-從句作主語(yǔ)通常用 it 作先行詞,而將 that-從句置于句末,例如:

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。

It ’ s a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。

用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)的 that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系:

a.It + be + 形容詞 + that-從句

It is necessary that … 有必要……

It is important that … 重要的是……

It is obvious that … 很明顯……

b.It + be +-ed 分詞 + that-從句

It is believed that … 人們相信……

It is known to all that … 從所周知……

It has been decided that … 已決定……

c.It + be + 名詞 + that-從句

It is common knowledge that ………是常識(shí)

It is a surprise that … 令人驚奇的是……

It is a fact that … 事實(shí)是……

d.It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that-分句

It appears that … 似乎……

It happens that … 碰巧……

It occurred to me that … 我突然想起……

七、名詞性 wh-從句)由 wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性 wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,.whose, whoever, what,whatever,which, whichever 等連接代詞和 where, when, how, why 等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語(yǔ)法功能除了和that-從句一樣外,還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)等,例如:

主語(yǔ): How the book will sell dependson its author.書(shū)銷售如何取決于作者本人。

直接賓語(yǔ): In one ’ s own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以隨心所欲。

間接賓語(yǔ): The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱樂(lè)部將給得勝者設(shè)獎(jiǎng)。

表語(yǔ): My question is who will takeover president of the Foundation.我的問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)將接任該基金會(huì)主席職位。

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ): She will name him whatever she wants to.她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。

同位語(yǔ):  I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。

形容詞賓語(yǔ): I ’ m not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請(qǐng)。

介詞賓語(yǔ):  That depends on where we shall go.那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?Wh-從句作主語(yǔ)也常用先行詞 it 做形式主語(yǔ),而將 wh-從句置于句末,例如:

It is not yet decided who will do that job.還沒(méi)決定誰(shuí)做這項(xiàng)工作。

It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。

八、if, whether 引導(dǎo)的名詞從句)yes-no 型疑問(wèn)從句

從屬連詞 if, whether 引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的,因此也分別被稱為 yes-no型疑問(wèn)句從句和選擇型疑問(wèn)從句,其功能和 wh-從句的功能相同,例如:

主語(yǔ): Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.這一計(jì)劃是否可行還有等證實(shí)。

賓語(yǔ): Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.請(qǐng)讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫(xiě)完。

表語(yǔ): The point is whether we should lend him the money.問(wèn)題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢給他。

同位語(yǔ): They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他們調(diào)查他是否值得信賴。

形容詞賓語(yǔ): She ’ s doubtful whether weshall be able to come.她懷疑我們是否能夠前來(lái)。

介詞賓語(yǔ): I worry about whether he canpass through the crisis of his illness.我擔(dān)心他是否能度過(guò)疾病的危險(xiǎn)期。)選擇性疑問(wèn)從句

選擇性疑問(wèn)從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞 if/whether … or 或 whether … or not 構(gòu)成,例如:

Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish.請(qǐng)告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。

I don ’ t care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計(jì)劃。

if 和 whether 的區(qū)別:

1、在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether。

2、在 whether …… ornot 的固定搭配中。

3、在介詞后,只能用whether。

4、賓語(yǔ)從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),只能用 whether。

5、用 if 會(huì)引起歧義時(shí),只用 whether。

九、否定轉(zhuǎn)移

1)將 think,believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式,而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。注意:若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 hope, 賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。

2)將 seem,appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。

3)有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞,介詞短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定。

4)有時(shí)狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前。

高中英語(yǔ)必修三知識(shí)點(diǎn)

第五篇:高中英語(yǔ)必修三unit1課文翻譯(人教)

1.Unit1 Festivals and celebrations節(jié)日和慶典

Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.自古以來(lái),世界各地就有各種各樣的節(jié)日和慶典。Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.最古老的節(jié)日總是慶祝嚴(yán)寒的結(jié)束、春季的種植和秋天的收割。Sometimes celebrate would be held after hunters had caught animals.有時(shí),在獵人捕獲獵物后,也舉行慶祝活動(dòng)。At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.在那個(gè)時(shí)代,如果食物難以找到,特別是在寒冷的冬月,人們會(huì)挨餓。Today’s festivals have many origins ,some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.現(xiàn)在的節(jié)日有很多由來(lái),一些是宗教上的,一些是季節(jié)性的,一些是紀(jì)念特殊的人和事件的。

Festivals of the Dead亡靈節(jié)

Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.有些節(jié)日,是為了紀(jì)念死者,或使祖先得到滿足,因?yàn)樽嫦葌冇锌赡芑氐绞郎希ńo人們)提供幫助,也有可能帶來(lái)危害。For the Japanese festival.Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.在日本的盂蘭盆節(jié),人們要掃墓、燒香,以緬懷祖先。They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.他們還點(diǎn)起燈籠,奏響樂(lè)曲,因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這樣做可以把祖先引回到世上。In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November.在墨西哥,亡靈節(jié)是在11月初。On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them.在這個(gè)重要的節(jié)日里,人們會(huì)吃制成顱骨形狀的食物,和裝點(diǎn)有“骨頭”的蛋糕。They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead.他們向亡者祭獻(xiàn)食物、鮮花和禮品。The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.西方節(jié)日萬(wàn)圣節(jié)也源自人們古老的信念,認(rèn)為亡者的靈魂會(huì)返回人間。It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets.萬(wàn)圣節(jié)如今成了孩子們的節(jié)日,這天他們可以喬裝打扮上到鄰居家要糖吃。If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.如果鄰居什么糖也不給,那么孩子們就可以捉弄他們了。Festivals to Honour People紀(jì)念名人的節(jié)日

Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.也有紀(jì)念名人的節(jié)日。The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan.中國(guó)的端午節(jié)(龍舟節(jié)),是紀(jì)念著名古代詩(shī)人屈原的。In the USA Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in New World.美國(guó)的哥倫布日是紀(jì)念克里斯托弗·哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)“新大陸”的日子。India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.印度在10月2日有個(gè)全國(guó)性節(jié)日,紀(jì)念莫漢達(dá)斯·甘地,他是幫助印度脫離英國(guó)而獨(dú)立的領(lǐng)袖。Harvest Festivals慶豐收的節(jié)日

Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events.收獲與感恩節(jié)是非常喜慶的節(jié)日。People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.越冬的糧食收集起來(lái)了,農(nóng)活結(jié)束了,人們都心懷感激。In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals.在歐洲國(guó)家,人們通常用花果來(lái)裝飾教堂和市政廳,在一起聚餐。Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.有些人還可能因?yàn)樗麄兊霓r(nóng)產(chǎn)品(參加各種評(píng)選)而獲獎(jiǎng),比如最大的西瓜或最帥的公雞。China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes.中國(guó)和日本都有中秋節(jié),這時(shí),人們會(huì)賞月。在中國(guó),人們還品嘗月餅。Spring Festivals春天的節(jié)日

The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.最富生氣而又最重要的節(jié)日,就是告別冬天、迎來(lái)春天的日子。At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper.中國(guó)人過(guò)春節(jié)要吃餃子、魚(yú)和肉,還要給孩子們送紅紙包著的壓歲錢。There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together.(他們)舞龍燈、狂歡,全家人聚在一起歡慶陰歷年。Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February.在一些西方國(guó)家有激動(dòng)人心的狂歡節(jié),通常在二月,復(fù)活節(jié)前的四十天。These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds.狂歡節(jié)期間,人們身著各種艷麗的節(jié)日盛裝,伴隨著鼓噪的音樂(lè),在街頭游行,晝夜跳舞。Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world.復(fù)活節(jié)是全世界基督徒的一個(gè)重要的宗教和公眾節(jié)日。It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life.它慶祝耶穌復(fù)活,也歡慶春天和新生命的到來(lái)。Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later.再晚些時(shí)候,日本就迎來(lái)了櫻花節(jié),The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as thought it is covered with pink snow.(節(jié)日里)整個(gè)國(guó)度到處是盛開(kāi)的櫻花,看上去就像覆蓋了一層粉紅色的雪。People love to get together to eat , drink and have fun with each other.人們喜歡聚在一起吃、喝、玩耍。節(jié)日讓我們享受生活,F(xiàn)estivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.讓我們?yōu)樽约旱牧?xí)俗而自豪,還可以暫時(shí)忘掉工作中的煩惱。

2.必修三Unit 1 A SAD LOVE STORY一段傷心的愛(ài)情故事 Li Fang was heart-broken.李方的心都碎了。It was Valentine’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work.這天是情人節(jié),胡瑾說(shuō)她下班后會(huì)在咖啡館和他見(jiàn)面的。But she didn’t turn up.可現(xiàn)在她卻不見(jiàn)人影。She could be with her friends right now laughing at him.也許她這會(huì)兒跟朋友在一起,正在取笑他呢。She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word.她說(shuō)她會(huì)在7點(diǎn)到達(dá),他(李方)認(rèn)為她會(huì)守信用的。He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool.他一整天都期盼著見(jiàn)到她,而現(xiàn)在他拿著玫瑰花和巧克力獨(dú)自一人守候著,像個(gè)傻瓜一樣。Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.他不想屏息等她來(lái)道歉,He would drown his sadness in coffee.他要用咖啡來(lái)解愁。

It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave-he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV-just what Li Fang needed!很明顯,咖啡館里的經(jīng)理在等李方離開(kāi)一一他擦好桌子,然后坐下來(lái),打開(kāi)電視機(jī)。這正合了李方的意!A sad Chinese story about lost love.正在播出的是流傳在中國(guó)的一個(gè)悲傷的愛(ài)情故事。The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth.王母娘娘的外孫女下凡來(lái)到人間。Her name was Zhinü, the weaving girl.她的名字叫織女,做紡織活的女孩。While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.(“Just like me and Hu Jin,” thought Li Fang.)她在人間遇到了牛郎,兩人相愛(ài)了。(李方想“這正像我和胡瑾。”)They got married secretly, and they were very happy.(“We could be like that,” thought Li Fang.)于是他們秘密結(jié)了婚,并且生活得十分幸福。(李方想,“我們也可以像他們那樣幸福的。”)When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven.王母娘娘知道自己的孫女跟一個(gè)世上的凡人結(jié)了婚,她勃然大怒,強(qiáng)行把織女帶回到天宮。Niulang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milly Way, stopped him.當(dāng)牛郎試圖追上去,卻被銀河阻擋住了。Finding that Zhinü was heart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year.看到織女傷心欲絕,最后王母娘娘決定讓這對(duì)夫妻每年跨過(guò)銀河相會(huì)一次。Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.陰歷七月初七,喜鵲們會(huì)展翅搭橋,讓這對(duì)戀人過(guò)河相會(huì)。People in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhinü is weeping and the couple won’t be able to meet.中國(guó)人都希望這天天氣晴朗,因?yàn)槿绻龅较掠辏@就意味著織女在哭泣,兩個(gè)戀人不能見(jiàn)面。

The announcer said,” This is the story of Qiqiao Festival.主持人說(shuō)道:“這就是乞巧節(jié)的故事。When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine’s story.外國(guó)朋友聽(tīng)到這個(gè)故事就將它稱作中國(guó)的情人節(jié)。It’s a fine day today, so I hope you can all meet the one you love.” 今天天氣晴朗,我希望你們都能見(jiàn)到所愛(ài)的人。”

As Li Fang set off for home, he thought,” I guess Hu Jin doesn’t love me.I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away.I don’t want them to remind me of her.” 李方動(dòng)身往家走,心里想:“我想胡瑾是不愛(ài)我了,把這些鮮花和巧克力都扔了吧。我不想因它們想起她來(lái)。” So he did.于是他把花和巧克力都扔了。

As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him.在回家路上,他神情失落地走過(guò)拐角處的一家茶館,聽(tīng)到有人叫他的名字。There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling , “why are you so late? I’ve been waiting for you for a long time!And I have a gift for you!” 那是胡瑾在向他招手,她喊道:“你為什么這么晚才來(lái)呢? 我一直在這兒等你好久了!這是我送給你的禮物!”

What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts!他怎么辦呢?他把情人節(jié)的禮物都扔了!She would never forgive him.她恐怕永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)原諒他了。This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day!這個(gè)情人節(jié)快樂(lè)不起來(lái)啦!

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