第一篇:2008-2011年考研英語真題英譯漢翻譯
2008年真題參考譯文
達爾文在其自傳中用極其謙遜的口氣評價了自己的智力。他指出,想要簡潔明了地表達自己觀點的時候,他總會遇到很大的困難。46)他相信,正是這種困難或許能夠揚長補短,以使他長時間專注地思考每一個句子;因此,使他能在推理和自己的觀察中發現自己的缺點。他認為自己完全不具備杰出的赫胥黎那樣的反應速度和理解力。47)他還斷言,在深入理解冗長且完全抽象的一系列觀點上,他的能力很有限。鑒于此,他曾深信自己在數學方面本來就不該獲得成功。他還認為自己的記憶雜亂而模糊,從某一個方面來說,甚至是很糟糕,以至于他記住某個日子或者是一行詩歌的話,幾天就能忘記。48)另一方面,批評家指責他盡管善于觀察,但卻不能推理,對此,他并不接受且認為毫無依據。他認為,這種批評是錯誤的,因為《物種起源》這本書從頭到尾都是長篇大論,卻說服了很多有才華的人。他承認,如果不具備推理能力,沒有人能夠寫出這樣的書。他愿意這樣說自己:“我具有一定的發現能力和常識判斷能力,正如每一個成功的律師和醫生必須具備的一樣;但是,我認為,我的水平不高。”49)他謙虛地補充道,或許他“和普通人比起來,更能夠注意到那些別人容易忽略的細節,更能夠對此加以仔細觀察”。
在生命最后一年的寫作中,他表示,在過去的二三十年中,他的思想在兩三個方面發生了變化。到三十多歲的時候,詩歌帶給他極大的快樂以前,繪畫也能給他帶來興致,而音樂能給他無窮的樂趣。然而,他在1881年說:“這幾年來,讀一行詩,我就受不了。我也幾乎快要喪失了自己對音樂和繪畫的品味了。”50)達爾文認為,失去對音樂和繪畫方面的興趣,不僅失去了幸福,而且還可能損傷智力,甚至更可能損傷道德。
2009年真題參考譯文
每個人在與別人共同生活中所受到的教育和有意識地對年輕人進行的教育,這兩者有明顯的區別。就前者而言,教育是偶然的;這種教育是自然的、重要的,但它并不是人類聯合的確切的原因。46)可以說,要衡量任何社會制度的價值,就要看它對擴大和改進經驗方面的影 1
響,但是這種影響并不是其初始動機的一部分。例如宗教的聯合始于希望取得統治力量的恩賜和避開罪惡的影響;家庭生活始于希望滿足各種欲望和使家庭永存;系統性的勞動,主要是為了奴役別人,等等。47)這種制度附帶產生的影響只能逐漸地得到認識;而在實行這種制度的過程中,認識到這種效果具有指導作用的過程則更加緩慢。甚至在今天,在我們的工業社會中,除了某些勤奮和節儉的價值觀念以外,世間工作得以進行的人類聯合的各種形式的理智的和情感的反應,和物質產品比較起來,所受到的關注微乎其微。
但是對待年輕人,人類聯合的事實本身,作為當前的人類事實,具有極其的重要性。48)在我們和年輕人接觸的時候,雖然容易忽略我們的行為對他們性格的影響,但這并不像與成年人打交道那么簡單。訓練的需要太明顯了,改變他們的態度和習慣的要求很急迫,以致不能對這些后果完全不加以考慮。49)既然我們的主要任務在于使年輕人參與共同生活,我們不能不考慮我們是否正在形成一種力量,這種力量可以確保我們獲得這種能力。如果人類在認識各種制度的最終價值在于它對人生的特殊影響這一點上已經取得一定進展,我們可以深信,這個啟示主要是通過和年輕人相處學到的。
50)因此,在上述(目前為止已經考慮到的)寬泛的教育過程中,可以使我們區別出一種更正規的教育,即直接教導或學校教育。在不發達的社會群體中,很少有正規的教學和訓練這些群體為把必需的性格灌輸給年輕人,主要依靠使成年人忠于他們群體的相同的聯合。
2010年真題參考譯文
完全以經濟動機為依據的保護系統的根本弱點是生物群落的大多數成員都沒有經濟價值。然而,這些動物都是生物群落的成員,如果它的穩定取決于其完整性的話,他們有權繼續生存下去。
當其中一個非經濟范疇受到威脅,如果我們碰巧喜歡它,我們就會編造借口賦予它經濟意義。在世紀初鳴禽原本應消失,46)科學家們趕緊拿出某些明顯站不住腳的證據前來救駕,大致說的是如果鳥兒不能控制害蟲的話,害蟲就會把我們吃掉。必須有經濟利益的證據才有合法性。
今天,讀到這些轉彎抹角的解釋讓人痛心。我們仍然沒有土地倫理,47)但是我們至少已經幾乎承認鳥兒的生存是它們的固有權利,不管它對我們是否有經濟利益。
類似的情況在哺乳類動物和食魚鳥中也存在。48)曾幾何時,生物學家總是重述以下的這條證據:這些生物是為了維持食物鏈的正常運行去捕食弱小的生物或它們只是去捕食“沒有價值的物種”。
有些品種的樹木已經被有經濟頭腦的林務員清除出去了,因為它們發育過慢或價值太低,不能做木材樹種。49)在歐洲,其林業在生態上更加發達,公益林木被認為是原始森林群落的一部分,同樣應該得到合理保護。
總之,僅僅以經濟利益為基礎的保護系統是完全片面的。50)它容易忽視并最終消滅很多缺乏商業價值的物種,然而這些物種對于整個生物群落的健康運行是至關重要的。
2011年考研英語真題英譯漢翻譯
Part C Translation
46.Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share---that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts---and reveal its erroneous nature。
【考查分析】本題考點:同位語從句,定語從句
【答案解析】本句的主干是Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption and reveal its erroneous nature。破折號后面的that引導同位語從句,對前面的assumption解釋說明。We all share是定語從句,修飾assumption。
【參考譯文】我們每個人都認為:自己不是機器人,因此能夠控制自己的思想;愛倫的貢獻在于他研究了這一假說,并揭示其錯誤的本質。
47.While we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”
【考查分析】本題考點:狀語從句
【答案解析】本句結構特別清晰,主干是While we may be able to sustain ….,we are faced with a question…。while引導讓步狀語從句,后面“Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”是question 的具體內容。本句采用順譯法。
【參考譯文】我們或許只通過意識就能維持這種控制的幻覺,但事實上,我們卻總是面臨一個問題:我們為什么不能讓自己去做這件事情,實現那個目標呢?
48.This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom。
【考查分析】本題考點: 省略、介詞短語、復雜表語
【答案解析】本句的主體結構為:This seems a justification and a rationalization。本句的難點在于運用很多介詞短語作后置定語,介詞短語套介詞短語,使得賓語非常復雜。“for neglect of those in need”修飾“justification”、“of exploration”、“of the superiority”“of the inferiority” 修飾rationalization。而“of those at the top”和“of those at the bottom”又分別修飾superiority和inferiority。
【參考譯文】這種說法似乎為忽視需要幫助的人找到了借口,使剝削合理化,令上層人優越,底層人卑微。
49.circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us, and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation。
【考查分析】本題考點:并列從句,定語從句。
【答案解析】本句主體結構是:circumstances seem to be designed to…., and if we feel that… then we are unlikely to… “環境好像是為…,而設計,如果我們感受到…,我們就不可能…”; “bring out” 是產生、使…顯示出來;“wronged” 是“被冤枉,被委屈”的意思,“be(un)likely to do”(不)可能做某事;
【參考譯文】環境似乎旨在激發我們的最大潛能,如果我們總感覺“上天不公”,那么不太可能會自覺地努力脫離現狀。
50.The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us;where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.【考查分析】本題考點:主系表結構、分詞短語的用法、連詞where引導的狀語從句。
【答案解析】本句主體結構為The upside is the possibilities,譯為“正面意義在于可能性”。Contained in knowing that everything is up to us,是過去分詞結構作后置定語。分號后面是一個有連詞where引導的狀語從句。Where 在這里是“在某種情況下(in what situation, to what point)的意思。
【參考譯文】積極的一面是,既然萬事都取決于我們,那么就有無限可能。以前,我們能夠熟練應對種種局限;現在,我們把握著未來的可能。
第二篇:2010年考研英語·英譯漢真題及解析
2010年考研英語·英譯漢真題及解析
真題:
One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value.Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it.We invert excuses to give it economic importance.At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.(46)It is painful to read these round about accounts today.We have no land ethic yet,(47)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.(48)Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops.(49)To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.(50)It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.-1-
解析:
(46)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.jumped to the rescue迅速的其來援救
shaky不可靠的,站不住腳的to the effect 大意是;大致是說
eat us up 吃掉我們
【解析】本題考查的知識點是:固定短語、同位語從句、狀語從句、從句嵌套、根據上下文確定詞義。
一般來說,漢語句子多用動詞,而英語句子則多用名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞等。因此,在翻譯時。有時需要將英語中這些詞性的詞轉換成漢語的動詞。
【譯文】科學家們急忙介入,但提出的證據顯然站不住腳,其大意是,如果鳥類不能控制昆蟲的數量,昆蟲便會吞噬我們人類。
(47)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.drawn near the point of近乎draw移動,進行,也可用于比喻義
intrinsic right天生/固有權利
economic advantage經濟利益
a matter of關乎??的事情
regardless of不管,不顧,盡管,表讓步
【解析】本題考核知識點:介詞短語、賓語從句。介詞短語譯成句子(regardless of ?)
介詞短語作定語或狀語時,往往是定語從句或狀語從句的簡略形式,譯成漢語時,可拆開分譯。
【譯文】但是我們至少近乎承認,無論鳥類能否帶給我們經濟價值,他們有自由生存下去的權利。
(48)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.time was when:曾幾何時
overwork 濫用
game 獵物,野禽,野味
prey on捕食
worthless 沒有價值的【解析】本題考核的知識點是:固定用法、同位語從句的翻譯
【譯文】有些證據表明:這些生物殺死體弱者來保持種群的健康,或者說它們僅僅捕食“沒有價值”的物種。曾經有段時間,生物學家或多或少濫用了這一證據。
(49)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, with reason.non-commercial:沒有經濟價值的tree species:樹種
native:當地的as such:如此,像這樣的within reason:合理的【解析】考核的知識點是:非限定性定語從句、固定短語結構的辨析 such as 和 as such 兩者詞序相反,意義區別很大。
【譯文】在林業生態更為發達的歐洲,沒有商業價值的樹種被合理地看成是當地森林群落的成員,并得到相應的保護。
(50)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.【解析】本題考核的知識點是:定語從句、不定式
tend to 傾向;往往
element 物種
in the land community 在陸地群落中
functioning 動作;運行
【譯文】這種保護體系往往忽視陸地群落中諸多商業價值但對其健康運作至關重要的物種,而最終導致它們的滅絕。
第三篇:2007年考研英語·英譯漢真題及解析
2007年考研英語·英譯漢真題及解析
真題:
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities.However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.(46)of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment.On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.(47)of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists.The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be.(49)Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists.While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.(50)-1-
解析:
1、Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institution as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.be viewed as被視為
institutions大學,學院
educated受教育的legal learning法律學習;學習法律
the special preserve(of lawyers)律師的特權;律師的特有領域
intellectual equipment知識體系;知識儲備
【譯文】長久以來,法律知識在這類學校里一直被視為律師們所專有的,而不是一個受教育者的知識素養的必要組成部分。
【句法分析】本題考核的知識點是:被動語態、并列連詞和后置定語。
【技巧補充】
(1)被動語態的翻譯
若被動句中的主語承載著句中的主要信息(如本題中的legal learning),在翻譯時可以仍然將它譯作主語,其翻譯方式有兩種:
①用漢語主動句表達被動意義,如:In the meeting this question will be discussed briefly.在會議上,這一問題將進行簡要地討論。
②譯為漢語被動句,采用“被??”,“為??所??”的結構如:Hitler was also washed away by the storms of history.希特勒被歷史的風暴席卷而去。
該句謂語后的介詞短語 in such institutions 在語法上作狀語,但在含義上,其為動作的出發者,即主語。翻譯此類句子,還可將英語原文中的 by, in, for 等作狀語的介詞短語轉換成名詞,譯成漢語句子的主語,同時將英語原文中的主語譯成賓語。例如:A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.原子反應堆需要一種合適的燃料。
(2)并列連詞的翻譯
并列連詞用來連接屬于同一層次并具有相同句法功能的詞、短語或分句。由于他們的使用習慣與中文相似,因此翻譯時只需準確的譯出并列連詞的含義即可。常見的并列連詞有:
①表示轉折:but 但是,while 然而,whereas 然而。②表示選擇:or 或者,either...or 要么......要么∕......或者......,neither...nor 既不...也不∕......和......都不,rather than 而不是。③表示聯合:and 和 ,both and.....和.....都,not only...but also 不僅...而且,等等。
2、On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.manner方式
forge形成聯系
cover news報道新聞
everyday realities日常生活
parallel to就像;與......相似;與......一樣
on a daily basis每天的做法
【譯文】另一方面,這一學科把這些概念結合到日常生活中,這與新聞記者每天報道和評論新聞時的做法是相同的。
【句法分析】本題考核的知識點是:嵌套式定語從句。
【技巧補充】嵌套式定語從句的翻譯
嵌套式定語從句是指一個句子中定語從句套定語從句的情況。當定語從句較長,不適合作前置定語時,可以采用分譯法,即將嵌套式定語從句拆分成兩個句子,分別進行翻譯。
例如: Likewise in the east were the Seljuk Turks(塞爾柱突厥人)(1)who had infiltrated from their Central Asian homeland into the Islamic Empire(2)where they were employed as mercenaries(雇傭軍)。譯為:同樣,在東方是塞爾柱突厥人,(1)他們從家鄉中亞進入伊斯蘭教帝國;(2)在那里被雇為雇傭軍。
3、But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.more profoundly更深刻;更深入;更深
rest on建立在......上;立足于
the established conventions已確定的約定;建立起來的規定
【句法分析】本題考核的知識點是:同位語從句、后置定語。
4、In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.the basic features基本特征、基本要點
have a clear grasp of清楚地理解;清楚地了解;清楚地把握
a competent job on political stories做好政治新聞的報道工作
【句法分析】本題考核的知識點是:形式主語it、多重復合句、詞性轉換。
5、While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.enhance stories提升報道質量;為報道增色;加強報道效果;提高新聞水平
it is preferable for journalists...對記者來說是好事
rely on憑借;依靠;根據
nations of significance對重要性的理解
【句法分析】本題考核的知識點是形式主語it、讓步狀語從句。
第四篇:2013考研英語(一)翻譯真題。
2013考研英語
(一)翻譯真題--中域教育網
46.yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47.A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.48.The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such
49.Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic
50.It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.
第五篇:2018考研英語(二)真題翻譯參考答案
http://www.tmdps.cn/kaoyan/ 考研英語(二)真題翻譯參考答案
來源:文都教育
2018考研英語(二)已經順利結束,不知道大家考的怎么樣,文都教育在這里給大家總結了考研英語(二)的翻譯答案,希望對你們有幫助。
【題目】
46.Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese.Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations.He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough.He can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books;recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year.Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.【譯文】
http://www.tmdps.cn/kaoyan/ 一個五年級的學生需要完成一份作業,作業的內容是要從工作清單中選出自己未來的職業。他在“宇航員”那里畫了線,但是又很快加上了“科學家”。他相信,如果他讀的書夠多,就可以任意選擇他所喜歡的職業。所以他讀了從百科全書到科幻小說非常多的書。他對于讀書太過于癡迷以至于他的父母不得不制定了在餐桌上“禁止讀書政策”。
這個男孩就是比爾蓋茨,他至今都沒有停止過閱讀,即使已經成為世上最成功的人士之一。如今,他不僅閱讀科幻作品和百科叢書:他最近透漏自己一年至少閱讀50本非小說書籍,因為這些書揭秘了世界的運轉方式。比爾蓋茨說:“每一本書都開辟了探索知識的新路徑”。
以上就是文都教育給大家總結的2018考研英語(二)的翻譯答案,相對來說還是不難的,所以希望大家都能取得好成績。