第一篇：英語從句分類與解析

英語從句分類與解析

主句和從句的劃分方法是相同的。句子的成分從謂語動詞處來劃分比較容易。謂語動詞前面的部分是主語，后面常接賓語，修飾謂語動詞的是狀語，修飾主語、賓語的是定語，若謂語是系動詞，則系動詞后的部分是表語。如：

從句是相對于主句而言的，即它是從屬于某一個主句，而不能單獨作一個句子。在英語中，主要有三大從句，即名詞性從句（包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句）、形容詞性從句（即定語從句）、副詞性從句（即狀語從句，包括時間、條件、結果、目的、原因、讓步、地點、方式等）。

一、名詞性從句

引導這些名詞性從句的關聯詞包括:

從屬連詞that, if, whether;

連接代詞 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,whose;

連接副詞where, when, why, how。

其中, 從屬連詞只起連接作用, 在從句中不充當任何句法成分, 而連接代詞和連接副詞既起連接作用, 在從句中又充當一定的成分.注意：1.從屬連詞whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引導主語從句和表語 從句。whether可與or(not)連用, 而if不可以。I don't know whether(if)she is at home.Whether she comes or not makes no difference.2.that和what引導名詞性從句的區別: that在從句中不充當成分,而what在從句中充當一定的成分, 如主語、表語、賓語等。that可省略, what則不可省。He always means what he says.She suggested(that)he do it at once.3.同位語從句大多由從屬連詞that引導, 常跟在下列名詞后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位語從句一般用來解釋說明這些名詞的具體含義和內容。

二、定語從句

引導定語從句的關聯詞包括:(1)關系代詞:that, which, whose, who, whom, as;(2)關系副詞:when, where, why。

關系代詞和關系副詞在定語從句中都充當一定的句法成分, 關系代詞在句中充當動詞的賓語時, 一般可省去。

定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句, 限定性定語從句與主句關系緊密, 為句中不可缺少的部分, 如去掉, 主句意思不完整。非限定性定語從句與主句關系松散, 如去掉, 主句內容仍完整。在書面語中, 非限定性定語從句一般被逗句隔開。非限定性定語從句一般不用that引導。引導非限定性定語從句的關系詞不可省略。I know that he is a man who(that)means what be says.The gentleman whom(that)she met addressed her with courtesy(禮貌)。

You're the only one whose advice he might listen to.三、狀語從句

在復合句中, 起狀語作用的從句稱作狀語從句。根據語義, 狀語從句分為:

時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、條件狀誤從句、原因狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、比較狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句、方式狀語從句。狀語從句可放在句首或句末。如狀語從句位于主語前,一般用逗號將其與主句隔開。

(一)時間狀語從句

When you cross a main road, you must be very careful.Until we learn the facts, we can't do anything about it.[提示] 1.when, as, while引導時間狀語從句時都可以表示主句的動作與從句的動作同時發生, 即同時性。它們的區別在于:

when和as引導的狀語從句中的動作既可以是延續性的, 也可以是非延續性的, 即瞬時性的;while引導的狀語從句中的動作只能是延續的動作或狀態。當主句和從句中的動作均為延續動作時, 一般用while, 而不用when或as。當表示兩個同時發展、變化的情況時, 一般用as, 作“隨著…”解。

When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.As she got older, she got wiser.While Peter was reading, his wife was cooking.2.有些副詞和一些表示時間的名詞詞組也可用作從屬連詞,引導時間狀語從句。如instantly, immediately, directly, the day, every time, the minute, the second, the moment等。

(二)條件狀語從句

引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有: if, unless, as(so)long as, only if(只要)。

If you don't come on time, we'll start out without you.As(so)long as you keep on trying, you'll certainly succeed.Take the raincoat in case it rains.帶著雨衣,以防下雨。

(三)原因狀語從句

引導原因狀語從句從句的從屬連詞有: becasue, since, as, now(that), in that, considering that等。

Since the speaker can't come, we'll have to cancel the meeting.Considering he's only been learning English a year he speaks it very well.考慮到他只學了一年英語,他講得算是很流利了。

We didn't know what to do as we were just visiting there.我們不知道該怎么辦,因為當時我們僅僅在那里作訪問。

Since it is so hot, let's go swimming.既然天氣這么熱,我們去游泳吧。

[提示] in that和now(that)的用法: in that引導的從句對主句進行解釋和說明,意思是: 在…方面, 在于…;因為。now(that)表示既然。

Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice.理論所以有價值,就在于它能給實踐指出方向。

Now(that)the weather has improved, let's go out for a picnic.既然天氣已轉好, 我們就出去野餐吧。(四)讓步狀語從句

引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有: though, although, even if(even though), as，no matter…despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that, while。

Tired as he was, he sat up late.他雖然疲倦,可仍然很晚才睡。

No matter how they slander us, we will never give in.不管他們怎樣誹謗我們,我們決不讓步。

While I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape.雖然我喜歡這頂帽子的顏色,但我不喜歡它的形狀。

[提示] 一些疑問詞在詞尾加上ever后, 也可引導讓步狀語從句,相當于no matter+疑問詞。這些詞包括: whatever, wherever, whenever, whoever, however。

Whatever he says, don't beleve him.Whoever you are, you must obey the traffic regulations.(五)目的狀語從句

引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有: so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that。

We dare not play jokes on him lest he should become angry.我們不敢開他玩笑生怕他動氣。

[提示] so that和in order that的區別: so that更常用, in order that更正式。so that引導的從句一般置于句末,而in order that引導的從句既可置于句首, 又可置于句末。

In order that the grass and flowers could bloom again,it was necessary that the rocks should be removed.She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.(六)結果狀語從句

結果狀語從句一般由下列連詞引導: so that, so…that, such…that。

He overslept,(so)that he was late for work.They got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away.[提示] 1.so…that和such…that的區別。so后接形容詞或副詞, such后接名詞。

It was so cold that we had to cancel the game.It's such a good chance that we mustn't miss it.2.so that既可引導目的狀語從句, 也可引導結果狀語從句。so that引導目的狀語從句時, 一般從句動詞前會出現 can(could),may(might),shall(should),而so that引導的結果狀語從句表示客觀事實, 不會出現上述詞語。

引導結果狀語從句的so that前常有逗號, 表示強調。so that引導的目的狀語可置于句首,而so that引導的結果狀語從句只能置于句末。

He left early so that he could catch the train.他早早動身, 以便能趕上車。(目的)He left early, so that he caught the train.他早早動身, 趕上了火車。(結果)

(七)方式狀語從句

引導方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有as, as if(though), the way, how。

He made some changes as you had suggested.She was behaving as if(though)she hadn't grown up.例句：

主語從句用作主語，如：：

That the earth is round is true． 地球為圓的是真實的。

賓語從句用作賓語。如：Do you know where he lives?

表語從句用作表語，如：

My opinion is that you should not go alone． 我的意見是你不應單獨前往。

同位語從句用于解釋說明前面的名詞。如：

The fact that the earth is round is true． 地球是圓的的事實是真實的。（that從句用于解釋說明the fact）

定語從句相當于一個形容詞，用于修飾前面的名詞。如：

The student who answered the question was John． 回答問題的學生是John．

狀語從句相當于一個副詞，如：

When it rains，I usually go to school by bus． 天下雨時，我通常坐公共汽車上學。（時間狀語）

If he comes tomorrow，you will see him． 如果他明天來，你就可以看見他。（if 引導的條件狀語從句，其結構為：if ＋狀語從句，＋主句）。即主句是將來時，則從句要用一般現在時表示將來。

He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged．他回家后得知女兒剛剛訂婚了。（結果狀語，結果狀語只是僅限于learn（得知），find（發現），see，hear，to be told（被告知），make（使得）等具有界限含義的動詞。）

You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all． 你必須大聲說話，才能讓所有人聽到你說話。（目的狀語，可以由that，so that，in order that，lest，for fear that，in case等詞引導。）

Since /As the weather is so bad，we have to delay our journey． 天氣那么糟，旅行推遲了。（原因狀語從句，常用 because，since，as，for fear（恐怕），seeing that（既然），now that（＝since），considering that（考慮到）等引導。）

Though/Though he was worn out，（still）he kept on working． 雖然他已經精疲力竭了，但仍然繼續工作。（讓步狀語從句，引導的連詞主要有以下這些：though，although，as； even if，even though； whether…or…； no matter＋疑問詞，疑問詞－ever．）

Where I live there are plenty of trees． 我住的地方樹很多。（地點狀語從句，通常由where，wherever 引導。）

As water is to fish，so air is to man． 我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。（方式狀語從句通常由as，（just）as…so…，as if，as though引導。）

第二篇：2013年高考英語定語從句分類

2013年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試英語試題

分類匯編之定語從句

[2013·上海卷]38.An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ______ interact with one

another.A.that

38.答案：A

解析：題干的意思是：“生態系統是由一個區域里相互作用的生物和非生物構成的”。分析句子結構，______ interact with one another是定語從句，先行詞是the living and nonliving things，通過還原法可知，先行詞在從句中作主語，不是人，所以用that。務必記住：what不可引導定語從句。

[2013·浙江卷]13The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A.what B.where C.when D.whyB.where C.who D.what

13.B?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。where引導的定語從句修飾platform，where再從句中充當地點狀語。解題思路：1.確定從句類型，主句主干完整，可判斷出是定語從句而非名詞性從句；2.查找先行詞；3.判斷從句主干是否完整，確定關系代詞或關系副詞在從句中充當什么成分。【句意】這家博物館將在春天開放，有一個展覽和一個觀看平臺，在這個平臺上參觀者可以看到正在建造一個大玻璃屋。

[2013·重慶卷] 24John invited about 40 people tohis wedding, most of________are family members.A．themB．that

C．whichD．whom

24.D。本題考查定語從句。逗號之后是一個非限定性定語從句，關系詞that只能引導限定性定語從句，排除；先行詞是people，which 只能指物，排除選項C；如果用them，則逗號之后應該加上一個連詞and，排除?！就卣埂坑⒄Z中兩個句子之間是必須要有一個連詞的，簡單說，如果在一個逗號的前面和后面的句子之中沒有連詞的話，那這個句子就是錯誤的。

【句意】約翰邀請了四十個人參加他的婚禮，其中大部分是家庭成員。

[2013·陜西卷]16A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As

16.B。本題考查定語從句。as在此句中引導非限定性定語從句，放在句首，同時在從句中作主語，為正確答案；如果用it或者that，那么整個句子中缺少一個連詞，排除選項A和B； 如果用what，逗號前面應該是一個主語從句，主語從句之后應該是謂語動詞，而不是逗號之后再來一個句子，排除。

【句意】等醫生到的時候，Amy好多了，孩子都這樣。

[2013·四川卷]9 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment________ they live.A.whatB.which

C.whenD.where

9.D。本題考查定語從句。the environment是先行詞，在定語從句中做地點狀語，“他們生活在這個環境中”，故用關系代詞where。

【拓展】關系詞的選擇，最關鍵的就是看先行詞在定語從句中作什么成分，而不是看先行詞是表示什么的單詞，如表示地點的先行詞之后未必用where，同樣表示時間的先行詞之后未必用when?！揪湟狻楷F在人們更加關心他們所生活的環境。

[2013·山東卷]35 Finally he reached a lonely island ________was completely cut off from the outside world.A.whenB.where

C.whichD.whom

35.C。本題考查定語從句。定語從句的先行詞為island，而先行詞在從句中所做的成分是主語，所以用關系代詞that或which；when和where引導定語從句時用做狀語；而whom引導定語從句時做賓語?！揪湟狻孔罱K他們到達了一個完全與外界隔絕的荒島上。

[2013·山東卷] 31There is no simple answer,________is often the case in science.A.asB.that

C.whenD.where

31.A。本題考查as引導的非限制性定語從句。That是不可以引導非限制性定語從的；而when和where引導定語從句時不做主語?！揪湟狻繘]有簡單的答案，正如科學界的許多情況一樣。

[2013·遼寧卷] 34 He may win the competition,________he is likely to get into the national team.A．in which caseB．in that case

C．in what caseD．in whose case

34.A。本題考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結構，He may win the competition為主句，剩下的只可以為從句，故先排除B。本題中，in which case引導非限制性定語從句，相當于and in that case。所以選A。

【拓展】考生務必牢記：what不可引導定語從句。

[2013·江西卷] 33He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.A.whatB.which

C.whereD.how

33.C．考查定語從句。解題關鍵是判斷定語從句關聯詞的選擇方法，即：根據先行詞在定語從句中做的成分來判斷。本題中先行詞letter在從句中做地點狀語，因此，正確答案為C。

【句意】他寫了一封信，在信中他解釋了事故中發生的一切。

【拓展】what與how都不可以引導定語從句。

[2013·江蘇] 32 The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A．whereB．which

C．whatD．when

33.C。本題考查固定短語在語境中的使用。A.take a share分擔……，為……出力 B.take a chance冒險 C.take a turn轉彎，轉；（情況、形勢等）轉變 D.take a lead領先，帶頭。根據本句，for the better的提示，可見是講轉變，變得更好，所以選C。

【句意】有了源于其他食品文化的靈感，美國飲食文化可以變得更好。

[2013·湖南卷] 21 Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whom

C.whatB.whoD.which

21.B?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。who指代先行詞those（那些人），在從句中做主語，whom不能做主語，which指物，what不能引導定語從句，故選擇B。解題技巧：找主干，析從句。1.找主干：因為主句完整，Happiness and success often come to those.不難看出本題考查定語從句，排除what。2.析從句:____are good at recognizing their own strengths,缺主語，先排除whom，先行詞those（那些人），排除which，故選擇who。

【句意】幸福和成功總青睞能善于意識到自己長處的人們。

[2013·福建卷]27 The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.A.whoseB.that

C.whoD.which

27.A。本題考查定語從句。____ lives were affected.是定語從句，修飾those，從句的主語是____ lives，缺修飾語，所以選whose。

【句意】這本書從經歷過地震的人的角度來講述地震的故事。

[2013·北京卷] 27Many countries are now setting up national parks________animals and plants can be protected.A.whenB.which

C.whoseD.where

27.D。本題考查定語從句的連詞。空處之后是一個定語從句，先行詞是park，在定語從句中作地點狀語，“in the park”，故應該選用關系副詞where。

【句意】許多國家都在建立國家公園，可以保護很多動植物。

【小竅門】定語從句中關系詞的選擇取決于在定語從句中的句法作用，要看它做什么成分，而不是表示什么，如表示時間，地點等的先行詞，在定語從句中未必就是做時間或者地點狀語，如果是做主語，賓語，表語，那就不能用關系副詞when，where，而應該根據具體情況，選用關系代詞。

[2013·安徽卷] 29 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,________made one of the Chinese people's long－held dreams come true.A．itB．that

C．whatD．which

29.D。本題考查定語從句的關系詞。首先根據句意確定逗號之后是一個非限定性定語從句，鎖定正確答案是which；that 不能引導非限定性定語從句，排除；what不能引導定語從句，排除；如果用it，根據句子結構，它的前面缺少一個連詞，排除。

【句意】莫言被授予2012年諾貝爾文學獎，使得中國人長久以來的一個夢想成真了。

[2013·天津卷]6 We have launched another man－made satellite，________ is announced in today's newspaper.A.thatB.which

C．whoD．what

6.B。本題考查非限制性定語從句。本句中which指代的就是前面整句話的內容，即我們又發射了一顆人造衛星這件事，可翻譯成“這一點”。

【句意】我們又發射了一顆人造衛星，這一事件在今天的新聞中得到了報道。

[2013·課標全國卷Ⅱ] 4When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house________I wouldbe staying.A.whatB.when

C.whereD.which

4.C。本題考查定語從句的連詞?？仗幹笫且粋€定語從句，解題關鍵就是看關系詞在定語從句中作什么成分。這個句子中，先行詞是house，在定語從句中，做地點狀語，即：I would be staying in the house，所以要用關系副詞where。

【句意】當我到達的時候，布萊恩帶我去看房子，我將住在那個房子里。

【小竅門】定語從句關系詞的選擇，關鍵要看關系詞在定語從句中的句法作用，而不是看它是關于什么的名詞，例如，如果先行詞是表示時間地點的名詞，具體用哪個關系詞，要看它在從句中是做狀語還是做主語賓語表語，如果是做時間或者地點狀語，那就用關系副詞when或者where；如果是做主語賓語表語，那就要根據具體情況選用關系代詞。

[2013浙江]5.The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A.all of whatB.all of whichC.all of themD.all of whom

5.D?？疾?定語從句。非限制性定語從句，介詞of后用whom指代著前面的children。解題思路：1.數謂語，句子中有兩個謂語，需要連詞，排除C；2.確定從句類型，主句主干完整，可判斷出是定語從句而非名詞性從句，排除A；3.先行詞是人，排除B，選擇D。

【句意】孩子們，玩了一整天，都筋疲力盡了。

第三篇：表語從句練習與解析

表語從句練習題

第一組：

1.---I drive to Zhuhai for the air show last week.---Is that __you had a few days off?(NMET1999)

A.why

B.when

C.what

D where

分析：選A Why引導的表語從句中，why做原因狀語。

2.The question is ____it is worth visiting.A.if

B.as if

C.whether

D.how

分析：選C whether引導表語從句

3.This is _____it happened.A.what

B.when

C.that

D.how

分析：選D how引導表語從句，說明事情的發生經過。

4.This is ____ the city lies.A.which

B.what

C.where

D.when

分析：選C where引導表語從句，表示城市所處的位置。

5.He was ill.That is ____he didn’t come yesterday.A.when

B.why

C.how

D.that

分析：B because引導表語從句，表示原因。

6.That was ___ I was thirteen I entered the No.1 Middle School.A.because

B.why

C.how

D when

分析：選A because引導表語從句，表原因。

第二組：

1.The problem is ____we can master modern science and technology in a short time.A.if

B.that

C.what

D.how

2.–--Doesn’t Mr.Smith live on this street?

---No.This is ____Mr.Brown lives.A.which

B.where

C.how

D.that

3.The reason why he has been such a success is ____he never gives up.A.what B.where C.how D.that

4.----What is that building?

---___the garden equipment is stored

A.that’s where

B.There is in which

C.the building is

D.That’s the building which

5.Our village is no longer ____over twenty years ago.A.what was it B.what it was

C.the village what was D.what was the village

6.___you are the first one here.A.it seems that as if

B.it seems as if that

C.it seems as if

D.It seems that as though

7.My hope is ___he will become a doctor in the future.A.if

B.whether

C.that

D.what

8.It was ___they were used as an advertisement for the shop.A.because

B.which

C.what

D.if

1-5 DBBAB 6-8 CCA 第三組：

［考題1］ The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.(2007上海)

A.when

B.why

C.whether

D.that

［答案］ D

［解析］ 下劃線處之后是包含一個原因狀語從句的表語從句，如果看不出它是充當整個句子結構的表語從句將難以把握整個句子的意思。因此，應選擇可引導名詞性從句且不充當任何成分的that。

［考題2］ You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.(2004)

A.why

B.where

C.what

D.how

［答案］ B

［解析］下劃線處的引導詞引導系動詞is后的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當地點狀語(“disagree”屬于不及物動詞，“I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結構)，下劃線應填入引導詞where，表語從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、我不同意的地方”。

［考題3］ — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.— Is that ____ you had a few days off?(1999)

A.why

B.when

C.what

D.where

［答案］ A

［解析］下劃線處的引導詞引導與系動詞is連用的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當原因狀語，下劃線應填入表示“因此??”(指因某種原因所造成的結果)的引導詞why。

［考題4］ ____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.(2000上海)

A.What;why

B.That;what

C.What;because

D.Why;that

［答案］ A

［解析］ 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當賓語，特指她所不理解的事情，應填入關系代詞型的引導詞what；第二個下劃線處表示“因此??”(指因某種原因所造成的后果，由why引導對應的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么??”(指原因、理由，由because引導對應的名詞性從句)，應填入引導詞why。

［考題5］ ____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.(2003上海春)

A.What;because

B.What;that

C.That;what

D.That;because

［答案］ B

［解析］ 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當主語，特指令校方驕傲的事情，應選用關系代詞型的引導詞what； 第二個下劃線處引導表語從句表示原因、理由，應由that引導對應的名詞性從句。

［考題6］ — Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

— Oh, that’s ____.(2003北京春)

A.what makes me feel excited

B.whatever I feel excited about

C.how I feel about it

D.when I feel excited

［答案］ A

［解析］ A選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的事物”； B選項的意思是“我覺得激動的任何事物”； C選項的意思是“我對它感覺的方式”； D選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的時間”。四個選項中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語that對應，充當表語從句。

第四篇：2013年高考英語試題分類解析_定語從句

高考題目之定語從句

1.【2013陜西】16.______ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：正如孩子們常有的情況一樣，醫生到的時候Amy就好多了。as引導的非限制性的定語從句位于主句之前，指代整個主句內容。

2.【2013重慶24】John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of_______ are family members.A themB.thatC.whichD.whom

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。定語先行詞為40 people，在從句中做介詞of的賓語，用whom引導。注意：介詞之后不能用that，應予以排除；which指先行詞為物；them為人稱代詞，應用于并列句中。句意：約翰邀請約40人參加他的婚禮,其中大多數是家庭成員。

3.【2013遼寧34】He may win the competition, _____ he is likely to get into the national team.A.in which caseB.in that caseC.in what caseD.in whose case

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句句。意為：他可能贏得這場比賽，如果這樣的話，就可能進入國家隊。兩分句間無連詞，故排除B項（不能用作連詞，in this/ that case用于并列句中）?？崭裉巜hich指代前面主句，in which case引導定語從句用語替代并列句中的in this/ that case。

4.【2013福建27】 The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which

【答案】A 【解析】考查定語從句。從句中those為先行詞，定語從句中缺少lives的定語，用whose。句意：這本書從那些生活因地震受到影響的人們角度講述地震故事。

5.【2013湖南21】Happiness and success often come to those _______ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞為those，在定語從句中做主語，用關系代詞who。句意：幸福和成功總是垂青那些擅長認識自己的優點的人。

【語言學習】strengths長處，強項

You should know what your strengths and weaknesses are.你應該知道你的強項和弱點是什么。

6.【2013浙江13】The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _______ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。定語從句先行詞platform指地點，它在從句中起狀語的作用，用關系副詞where引導定語從句。句意：該博物館將在春天開放，同時開放的還有展覽廳和觀景

平臺,游客可觀看建造中的大溫室。

7.【2013浙江5】The children, _______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A.all of whatB.all of whichC.all of themD.all of whom

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞為children，它在從句中做介詞of的賓語關關系代詞whom引導定語從句。句意：孩子們,玩一整天,筋疲力盡。

8.【2013江西33】He wrote a letter _______ he explains what had happened in the accident.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。定語從句中謂語explain后接what引導的賓語從句作賓語，因此不缺少主干成分；先行詞letter在從句中起狀語的作用，意為“在信中”，也屬于一個地點，所以用關系副詞where引導定語從句。句意：他寫了一封信，信中解釋了事故中發生的事。

9.【2013江蘇32】The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _______ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞是passion, 從句中remember后缺少成分，所以選關系代詞that引導定語從句。句意：世界銀行主席講他記得早在他童年就開始熱愛中國了。

【語言學習】have a passion for對……有強烈的愛好

I have been playing the piano for over a decade and have a passion for music.十多年來，我一直堅持彈鋼琴，并且對音樂充滿了熱情。

10.【2013新課標I卷33】“You can’t judge a book by its cover,” _______.A.as the saying goes oldB.goes as the old saying

C.as the old saying goesD.goes as old the saying

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：正如諺語所說，不能以貌觀人。as引導的非限制性的定語從句，意為：正如……，它的位置十分靈活，可放在句首、句中或句末。

11.【2013新課標II卷4】When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house_______ I would be staying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。定語從句中stay為不及物動詞，先行詞為house，在從句中起狀語的作用，用關系副詞where引導定語從句。句意：我到達時,布賴恩帶我去看將住的房子。

12.【2013安徽29】 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _______ made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.A.itB.thatC.whatD.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。which引導非限制性定語從句，指代前面整個主句內容。句意：2012年莫言獲諾貝爾獎，中國人民長期以來的夢想變成現實。

【語言學習】現在分詞做結果狀語

該句可換為：Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, making made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.13.【2013天津6】We have launched another man-made satellite, _______ is announced in today’s newspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。which引導非限制性定語從句，指代前面主句的整個內容。句意：我們又發射了一顆人造衛星，這是在今天的報紙上宣布的。

【語言學習】launch

1.發射(衛星、導彈等)；投擲

In 1970, China successfully launched a man-made satellite.1970年，中國成功地發射了一顆人造衛星。

2.使(船)下水

to launch a cargo ship from the shipyard使貨輪從船塢下水

3.發動，發起

They launched a violent attack on the enemy at dawn.他們在拂曉時向敵人發動猛攻。

4.開展(活動、計劃等)；開始出版；首創，首映

The municipal government will launch an extensive public works program next year.市政府將于明年開始一項大規模的市政工程計劃。

14.【2013山東31】There is no simple answer, _______ is often the case in science.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。as引導非限制性的定語從句，位置很靈活，可放在句中、句首、句末，指代整個主句內容，含有“正如”之意。句意：在科學界沒有簡單的答案，這是很經常的事情。

15.【2013山東35】Finally he reached a lonely island _______ was completely cut off from the outside world.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom

【答案】C解析

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：最后他到達一個完全與世隔絕的孤島。定語從句中缺少主語肯先行詞island指物，所以用關系代詞which引導定語從名句。

【語言學習】cut off

1.切掉，砍掉，剪掉

He cut off a small piece of bread and gave it to me.他切下一小片面包遞給了我。

2.中斷通話，打斷

The telephone operator cut us off before we had finished our conversation.我們的話還沒說完，電話接線員就中斷了我們的通話。

3.切斷水電

Our water supply has been cut off again.我們的供水又被切斷。

4.使分離，使隔絕

The village was cut off by the snow for more than a month.這個村莊被大雪封閉了一個多月。

16.【2013四川9】Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______ they live.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：目前人們更加關心他們所居住的環境。定語從句中先行詞為the environment，它在從句中起狀語的作用，以用關系副詞where引導定語從句。

【語言學習】關系副詞where引導定語從句時，它的先行詞有時不表示一個明確的地方，可以是諸如business, point, situation, activity, talk show, job之類的詞。

Invention is a messy business where efficiency doesn't work.發明是一件棘手的事情，在這一情形中，效率不起作用。

think you have come to the point where you must make a change.我認為你達到了這樣的階段：你必須做出改變。

More often than not the teacher is confronted with a difficult situation where students fail to understand a sentence that contains no new words at all.閱讀教學中教師經常發現，學生理解了句子中所有的詞卻不明白句子的意思。

Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.那些失聰的舞蹈演員們，舞蹈是讓人看勝過讓人聽的活動。

Typical for China is the cross talk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.在中國，典型的喜劇形式是相聲表演。兩個喜劇演員通過詼諧的語言游戲使觀眾愉悅。

I've cherished a desire to get a job where I can use my English.我一直希望，能得到一份能使用英語的工作。

17.【2013上海38】 An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area _______ interact with one another.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：生態系統是由一個區域里相互作用的生物和非生物構成的。定語從句中先行詞是the living and nonliving things，先行詞在從句中作主語，用that引導定語從句。注意：what不可引導定語從句。

【語言學習】consist of組成；interact with相互作用

Carbon dioxide consists of carbon and oxygen.二氧化碳是由碳和氧組成的。

The resource allows me to learn, contribute and even interact with an instructor.這里的資源讓我可以學習、貢獻，設置是與教員互動。

18.【2013北京27】Many countries are now setting up national parks _______ animals and plants can be protected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where

【答案】D 【解析】考查定語從句。定語從句中先行詞為national parks，它在從句中起狀語的作用，用關系副詞where引導定語從句。句意：目前許多國家建立國家公園 以保護動植物。

第五篇：狀語及狀語從句解析

狀語(adverbial)是句子的重要修飾成分。狀語是謂語里的另一個附加成分，它附加在謂語中心語的前面，從情況、時間、處所、方式、條件、對象、肯定、否定、范圍和程度等方面對謂語中心進行修飾或限制。在英語中，狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分。

狀語的功用：狀語說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。

狀語一般由副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、不定式或相當于副詞的詞或短語來擔當。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

副詞是一種用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或全句的詞,說明時間,地點,程度,方式等概念。1.副詞一般在句子中做狀語．

He speaks English very well.他英語說得非常好.中的very是程度副詞，用來修飾well。very well是修飾speak的程度狀語。

2.不定式在句子中可以作目的狀語。I come specially to see you.我專門來看你.3.介詞短語

Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.十年前,她開始住在大連。

The boy was praised for his bravery.4.從句作狀語

When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.5.分詞作狀語

Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。

Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.狀語簡介

概述

狀語與定語相同的地方是,都是前者附加成分;不同的地方是,它是謂語里的附加成分,而定語是主語或賓語里的附加成分.從句子的層次上看,狀語是在第二個層次和第三個層次里的成分,有時甚至是更低層次的成分.狀語的構成

狀語的構成經常充當狀語的有形容詞,副詞,時間處所名詞,能愿動詞,指示代詞,以及方位短語,介詞短語,動賓短語,謂詞性聯合短語,謂詞性偏正短語,謂詞性主謂短語等.含有動量詞的數量短語以及重疊式的數量短語(不論動量,物量)也可以充當狀語.此外,少數名詞帶上表比況的助詞也可以作狀語.狀語的書面標志——“地”

狀語的書面標志是結構助詞“地”.狀語后面帶或者是不帶“地”,情況比較復雜.一般講來,數量短語,主謂短語,動賓短語等作狀語時,大都帶“地”;而介詞短語,方位短語,能愿動詞,時間處所名詞作狀語時不能帶“地”,副詞,單音節形容詞作狀語一般也不帶“地”.多層狀語

如果一個中心語前面有好幾個狀語(多層狀語),那就應當注意它們的語序.多層狀語的狀語個數一般比多層定語的定語個數要少些,其語序也比多層定語的語序要靈活一些.多層狀語的一般語序: a.表時間的名詞或方位短語,介詞短語;b.副詞.c.表處所的介詞短語或名詞,方位短語;d.表情態的形容詞或謂詞短語;e.表對象的介詞短語.其中副詞的位置較為靈活,也可放置在第三項之后.一般狀語和句首狀語

狀語在句子中有兩種位置:一種是在主語之后,謂語中心之前,如上文所舉各例,這是狀語的一般位置;另一種是放在主語的前面的,這是狀語的特殊位置,這種狀語可稱“句首狀語”.狀語的分類

狀語按其修飾的功能不同可分為八大類：

時間狀語，地點狀語，條件狀語，原因狀語，目的狀語，結果狀語，讓步狀語和比較狀語

時間狀語從句

要點: 時間狀語從句，由以下連詞引導： when，while，as，after，before，as soon as，since，till /until by the time 在時間狀語從句中，要注意時態一致。一般情況下主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現在時。

1.when當.....的時候

Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.2.while當.....時

He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.3.as在.....的同時；一邊....一邊.....He smiled as he stood up.4.after在....之后

He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.5.before 在......之前

Mr.Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.6.as soon as 一.....就（scarcely/hardly...when,no sooner than,the minute/moment,on/upon,directly等等）

We began to work as soon as we got there.I will write to you as soon as I get home.7.since 自......以來到現在

表示自過去的一個起點時間到目前(說話時間)為止的一段持續時間。主句一般用現在完成時，從句用一般過去時。

Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.(還可以用作介詞，本句從句還可以用短語：since three years ago(自三年前以來)表示。)8 till /until 都可以作連詞，連接時間狀語，也可以作介詞，與其它詞構成介詞短語，在句中作狀語。They walked till /until it was dark.Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.9.by the time 到......為止(所在句子的主句應用現在或過去完成時)By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.By the time I got to school, the class had already began.一.由when, while, as引導的時間狀語從句。例如：

When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.當你以為自己一無所知的時候，你就是在開始知道一些事物了。

When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.當真理被埋在地下的時候，它在生長，它感到壓抑，它蓄存著這么一種爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就會炸破一切！

Strike while the iron is hot.趁熱打鐵。

Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim.我游泳的時候，請你照看一下我的衣服。

You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it.當你的手在空氣中揮動的時候，你就能感覺到空氣在流動。

Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我們的校長邊談邊笑。a.when, while和as的區別

when引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。并且when有時表示“就在那時”。When she came in, I was eating.(瞬時動詞)When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.（延續性的動詞）

While引導的從句的謂語動作必須是延續性的，并強調主句和從句的動作同時發生（或者相對應）。并且while有時還可以表示對比。例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.(was reading是延續性的動詞，was reading和was watching同時發生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.（對比）

b, As表示“一邊??一邊”，as引導的動作是延續性的動作，一般用于主句和從句動作同時發生；as也可以強調“一先一后。例如：We always sing as we walk.（as表示“一邊??一邊”）As we was going out, it began to snow.（as強調句中兩個動作緊接著先后發生，而不強調開始下雪的特定時間）

c, as when while的辨析

as when while都表示主、從句動作同時發生，三者差異如下： 表示“一邊。。一邊“的意思

as 強調兩個動作同時進行，并表示對比時 用于發生時間較段時 d when

1、還可以表示從句動詞的動作在主幾句動詞的動作”之前 “或”之后“發生。

2、when=and then;at that moment(正在那個時候)3.常用于常見搭配中 e while

1、用于時間較長時

2、強調兩個動作同時進行，并表示對比時 有時這三個連詞可以互換，有時不可以。

lt was raining hard when(as)I got there.(動作同時發生，when可換為as, 但不能換為while，因為get是點動詞.)When I had read the article, he called me.(從句動作發生在主句之前，注意時態表達，只能用when)When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.(從句的動作發生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意時態)He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.(此時不能放在句首。主句動詞一般表達 “正在” “即將”.while, as不能代替

She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.(表轉折，對比，when, as都不能代替它)While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.(表示主句，從句的動作同時發生，while后引導的狀語從句的動詞必須是延續動詞不能是點動詞，因為它表示較長時間)Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as(when/ while)father was away.(此時as ,when, while可通用)二.由before和after引導的時間狀語從句。

注意before引導的從句不再用否定式的謂語，并且當before引導的從句位于主句之后，有時譯成“就，才”。還要注意主句和從句之間的時間關系。當主句用將來時，從句總是用現在時；如果before引導的從句謂語用的是過去時，則主句動詞多用過去完成時，這樣以便體現動作發生的先后。After表示主句動作發生在從句動作之后。主句和從句的動作的時間關系正好與before引導的從句相反。例如：

It will be four days before they come back.Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.They had not been married four months before they were divorced.After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.After we had finished the work, we went home.（從句用過去完成時，主句用一般過去時）

三.由till或until引導的時間狀語從句。

till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強調句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時動詞時，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續性動詞時，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達的意思不同。例如：

I didn't go to bed until（till）my father came back.直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散會之后他才開始教我英語。

I worked until he came back.我工作到他回來為止。I didn't work until he came back.他回來我這才開始工作。Please wait until I arrived.在我到達之前請等我。四.由since引導的時間狀語從句。

since引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現在完成時。但在It is +時間+since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現在時。例如：

I have been in Beijing since you left.Where have you been since I last saw you?

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我們老板離開北京有五個月了。五 知識擴展

1.It is since從。。以來多長時間了(因為since +從句或名詞，表示一段時間)It is five years since we met last time.從我們上次見面已經五年了。2.It is +before?(。。才)It was a long time before I went to sleep again.It was an hour before(=until)the police arrived.3.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引導的時間狀語從句。這些連詞都表示“一??就”。例如：

I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.吃完早飯，我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一聽到消息，馬上趕到了出事地點。

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.我一到加拿大，就給你來電話?！咀⒁狻縣ardly(scarcely, rarely)?when / before, no sooner?than相當于as soon as之意。主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。當hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首時，主句應用倒裝語序。例如：

He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.他剛到家，就被邀請開始另一旅程。

No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太陽剛從地平線上升起，他就起床勞動去了。

Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我剛坐下，他就進來了。

He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.這個阿拉伯人剛要入睡就感到肩膀上被輕輕一觸。

六.由by the time引導的時間狀語從句。

注意時態的變化：在一般情況下，如果從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，主句的謂語動詞用過去完成時；如果從句的謂語動詞用一般現在時，主句的謂語動詞用將來完成時。例如： By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回來時，我已經寫完這本書了。

By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.你明天來這兒的時候，我將已經完成此工作了。

七 由each time, every time和whenever引導的時間狀語從句。例如：

Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me.他每次來哈爾濱，總是來看我。Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每當那個人說“說實在話”的時候，我猜想他就要說謊了。

You grow younger every time I see you.每次遇到你，見你更年輕了。

八.由as long as和so long as引導的時間狀語從句。這兩個連詞表示“有多久??就多久”。例如：

You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark.你可以隨意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回來就行。

I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body!只要我一息尚存，我就要反對這種境況。

地點狀語從句

一 地點狀語從句(adverbial clause of place)地點狀語從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導，已經形成了固定的句型，要點: 由連詞where和復合關系詞wherever(=no matter where)引導.例如：

句型1：Where+地點從句，（there）+主句。

【注意】此句型通常譯成“哪里??哪里就??”；主句在從句后面時，there可用可不用；如果主句在從句的前面時，一般都不用there。例如：

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在沒有雨水的地方，耕作是困難的，或根本不可能的。

They were good persons.Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.他們都是好人。因此他們走到哪里都受到熱烈歡迎。

You should have put the book where you found it.你本來應該把書放回原來的地方。Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中國共產黨，哪里人民得解放。

句型2：Anywhere/ wherever+地點從句，+主句。

【注意】anywhere本身是個副詞，但是，常可以引導從句，相當于連詞，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引導的從句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是個連詞，表示“在何處，無論何處”。例如：

Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海員。二 知識擴展

1.Where there is a will , there is a way.有志者事竟成。(諺語)1.It will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled.他將是一所混合式學校，那里的兒童并不都是殘疾。(在限定性定語從句中對先行詞起著限定作用。)2.Wherever you go , I go too.無論你到什么地方，我都去。(wherever=no matter where)無論何處，多用于句首。3.Wherever there is smoke , there is fire.無風不起浪。(諺語)4.While she was wondering where to go , she met a policeman.疑問副詞where后跟不定式,構成不定式短語.條件狀語從句

要點： 表示狀語從句由連詞if, unless(=if not)意思為除非引導。(讓步)1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨, 我們就去遠足.2.You will get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力學習,就會取得好成績.3.I won't/ will not go to the party unless he goes there too.我不會去參加聚會的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.如果你不馬上走,你將會遲到的.(=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)難點提示：用條件狀語從句時要注意時態的正確使用,當主句是將來時的時候,從句要用一般現在時.lHe will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.一般將來時，一般現在時

lThey are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.一般將來時, 一般現在時 原因狀語從句

要點: 由連詞because, since, as引導, 也可由for, now that 等詞引導 目的、結果狀語從句

要點： 目的狀語從句由連詞that, so that, so?that , in order that 引導。結果狀語從句由連詞(so)that, so?that, such?that, so much/many?that引導。1.so?that 如此?以至于 2.so that 以至于, 以便于

I opened the window so that fresh air might come in.(目的)我把窗戶打開以便于使新鮮空氣可以進來。3.such?that 如此。。以至

It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.天氣是如此的好，我們大家都想去公園玩。4.in order that=so that:為了

We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.不久我們將會讓你知道詳情,以便你們能夠做出安排。(目的)5.比較：so和 such 其規律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配。

so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money.such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people（so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。）

so?that與such?that之間的轉換既為 so與such之間的轉換。The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school 難點

+形容詞或副詞 +形+a(an)+單數可數名詞

so +many 或few+復數可數名詞 +that +much或 little+不可數名詞

so that ,such?that 都可以in order that兩者皆可引導目的地狀語從句和結果狀語從句，當他們引導目的狀語從句時，從句的謂語里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。

so +adj或adv.+ that，such +n.+ that 以上兩種句型都表示結果,其中so為副詞,后接形容詞，副詞原型，當可數名詞前有many, few；不可數名詞前有much, little修飾時，應采用句型：so many(few, much, little)+n.。such為形容詞, 后只能接名詞。這名詞既可以地可數的，也可以是不可數的。如果這名詞是可數的,則必須在名詞前加不定冠詞a(an).常見的形式是:such a(beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.1。I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.2。there are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any.3。It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk.4。Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.(=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.)5。The weather is so nice that I’d like to take a walk.讓步狀語從句

要點: 表示讓步的狀語從句由連詞 though, although引導.難點：

though, although當雖然講, 都不能和but連用.Although,(though)?but的格式是不對的.但是他們都可以同yet(still)連用.所以thought(although)?yet(still)的格式是正確的.Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.雖然他很富有, 然而他并不快樂.although, though 辨析

although 不能though 那樣用作副詞, 放在句末表示強調時要用even though.1。He is looking fit, though.2。Even though I did not understand a word, I kept smiling.3。He is quite experienced, he is young, though.2)as, though 引導的倒裝句

as / though引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前）。

Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.【注意】a.句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。

b.句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems? 雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。c ever if, even though.即使

We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.d whether?or-不管??都

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.e ”no matter +疑問詞“ 或”疑問詞+后綴ever“ No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替換：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。（錯）No matter what you say is of no use now.（對）Whatever you say is of no use now.你現在說什么也沒用了。(Whatever you say是主語從句)（錯）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,（對）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given.囚犯們只能給什么吃什么。比較狀語從句

要點：比較狀語從句主要運用于形容詞和副詞的原級，比較級及最高級的句子之中。原級

1.as?as 和。。一樣 Jack is as tall as Bob.捷克和湯姆一樣高。2.not so(as)?as ?和不一樣

She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.她不如她姐姐外向。比較級

more?than(更)This book is more instructive than that one.這本書比那本書由教育意義。最高級

1.The most?in/of This book is the most interesting of the three.這本書是三本中最有趣的。2.the + 形容詞+est?of/in This road is the busiest street in our city.知識擴展

no more than只不過(嫌少的意思)1。I have no more than two pens.2。It’s no more than a mile to the shops.not more than不如。。；(前者不如后者)1。Jack is not more diligent than John.2。one of the + 名詞(復數)?.之一(用于最高級)She is one of the best students in our school.方式狀語從句

1）方式狀語從句通常由as,(just)as?so?, as if, as though引導。

as,(just)as?so?引導的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as?so?結構中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是”正如?“，”就像“，多用于正式文體，例如：

1。Always do to the others as you would be done by.2。As water is to fish, so air is to man.3。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.2）as if, as though 兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。漢譯常作”仿佛??似的“，”好像??似的"，例如：

1。They completely ignore these facts as if(as though)they never existed.2。He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting.3。It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.[說明]as if / as though也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語，例如： 1。He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.2。He cleared his throat as if to say something.3。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.