第一篇：英語(yǔ)三大從句

英語(yǔ)三大從句

在英語(yǔ)中，主要有三大從句，即名詞性從句（包括主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句）、形容詞性從句（即定語(yǔ)從句）、副詞性從句（即狀語(yǔ)從句,包括時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果、目的、原因、讓步、地點(diǎn)、方式等）。定語(yǔ)從句

一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系代詞代替前面的先行詞，并且在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞有：who, that, which。它們的主格、賓格和所有格如下表所示：

（一）關(guān)系代詞who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。

An architect is a person who designs buildings.建筑師是設(shè)計(jì)房屋的人。whom代替人，是賓格，在定語(yǔ)從句作賓語(yǔ)，在非正式英語(yǔ)常可省略。

Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我們?cè)趯W(xué)校圖書(shū)館里遇到的那位先生你認(rèn)識(shí)嗎？

whose一般代替人，有時(shí)亦可代替物，是所有格，在定語(yǔ)從句作定語(yǔ)。

The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad.其父是一位高級(jí)工程師的那個(gè)女學(xué)生過(guò)去在國(guó)外留學(xué)。

Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我們這兒能看到窗戶(hù)的那個(gè)賓館叫什么名字，你知道嗎？（關(guān)系代詞whose指代先行詞hotel，正式用法應(yīng)該用of which。whose window=the window of which，意思是：the window of the hotel。）

（二）關(guān)系代詞which的用法

which代替物，在定語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)還可省略。I do not like stories which have unhappy endings.我不喜歡有不幸結(jié)局的小說(shuō)。（which可以換成that）

（三）關(guān)系代詞that的用法

that既可指人又可指物，在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中大多指物，在定語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)還可省略。： Is she the girl that sells newspapers? 她是賣(mài)報(bào)紙的那個(gè)女孩嗎？（that可以換成who）Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge? 放在冰箱的冰激凌哪兒去了？（that可以換成which）Is this the book that you want to buy? 這是你要買(mǎi)的那本書(shū)嗎？（that可以換成which，在定語(yǔ)從句作賓語(yǔ)，還可以省略）

二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

常用的關(guān)系副詞只有三個(gè)：when, where, why，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語(yǔ)。

（一）關(guān)系副詞when的用法

關(guān)系副詞when代替的先行詞表示的是時(shí)間，when在定語(yǔ)從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。（when先行詞是months）

（二）關(guān)系副詞where的用法

關(guān)系副詞where代替的先行詞表示的是地點(diǎn)，where在定語(yǔ)從句作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.春節(jié)期間，我回到了生我養(yǎng)我的家鄉(xiāng)。（where的先行詞是town）

（三）關(guān)系副詞why的用法

關(guān)系副詞why代替的先行詞表示的是原因，why在定語(yǔ)從句作原因狀語(yǔ)。The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.我打電話(huà)給你的原因是想問(wèn)問(wèn)你是否收到了我的電子郵件。（why先行詞是reason，當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)里why可以用that替代，這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞that就變成了表示原因的關(guān)系副詞，還可以將why省略）

三、特殊關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

（一）在固定搭配as…as, so…as, such…as, the same…as中，as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 You may take as many books as you want.你想要拿多少書(shū)就拿多少。（第一個(gè)as是副詞，修飾many的；第二個(gè)as才是關(guān)系代詞，代替先行詞books，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)）

（二）獨(dú)立于主句之外，as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

As we know/ As is known to us, the earth turns around the sun.正如我們所知，地球圍繞太陽(yáng)旋轉(zhuǎn)。

（As we know和 As is known to us均為定語(yǔ)從句，as分別作賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)，替代后面的主句。）Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China.你知道，臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分。（關(guān)系代詞as指代整個(gè)主句，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。）

四、關(guān)系代詞who, which與that的區(qū)別

（一）關(guān)系代詞who與that的區(qū)別

1.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，多用主格who。He who loses hope loses all.失去希望的人就失去一切。（先行詞為代詞he, they, any, all, one等時(shí)，多用who）I met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese.我遇見(jiàn)艾麗斯，她告訴我她在學(xué)漢語(yǔ)。（在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，用who）2.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞用作介詞后的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用賓格whom，不用that。The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher.我們校長(zhǎng)剛才與他談話(huà)的那個(gè)人是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。（介詞與關(guān)系代詞緊密相連時(shí)，只能用賓格whom，不可用主格who）注意：介詞與關(guān)系代詞不是緊密相連時(shí)，或者說(shuō)介詞放在句子后面時(shí)，這時(shí)可以用主格who，也可用that，還可以省略關(guān)系代詞。因此，上面的這句話(huà)還可以有如下四種說(shuō)法：(1)The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.(2)The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.(3)The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.(4)The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.3.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞泛指人時(shí)，多用that。He is a man that is never afraid of failure.他是個(gè)從不怕失敗的人。（that用來(lái)泛指人）

4.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞出現(xiàn)在who開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，應(yīng)用that。例如： Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English? 用英語(yǔ)同湯姆交談的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？（避免重復(fù)使用who，以免造成誤解或語(yǔ)義含混不清）

（二）關(guān)系代詞which與that的區(qū)別

1.當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little以及不定代詞anything, something, everything等時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞多用that。All that glitters is not gold.閃閃發(fā)光物，未必盡黃金。

She told me everything that she knew.她把她所知道的一切都告訴了我。

2.當(dāng)先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或限定詞the only, the very, all, every, any, no等時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般都用that。

This is the best novel that I have ever read.這是我讀過(guò)的最好的一部小說(shuō)。

He is the only person that has been invited to the ball.他是惟一應(yīng)邀參加舞會(huì)的人。3.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞出現(xiàn)在which開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，應(yīng)用that。

Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest? 哪一個(gè)是推薦給外賓的賓館？（這里使用that很明顯是為了避免重復(fù)which）4.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞一般只用which。Beijing, which is the capital of the People’s Republic of China, will host the 2008 Olympic Games.北京是中華人民共和國(guó)的首都，將主辦2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)。5.介詞后的關(guān)系代詞用which，而不用that。

She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps.她收集了600張郵票，其中60％是德國(guó)郵票。

五、定語(yǔ)從句的位置

如前所述，定語(yǔ)從句一般總是直接置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。有時(shí)候，定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間插入了其他的短語(yǔ)，這樣它們被分隔了，這種情況下的定語(yǔ)從句被稱(chēng)作隔離定語(yǔ)從句。There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad.樓上有一個(gè)女孩，大喊大叫。很明顯，她瘋了。（定語(yǔ)從句who was shouting and crying修飾the girl，被upstairs所隔開(kāi)）

A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.明天要來(lái)一位新老師教你們德語(yǔ)了。（定語(yǔ)從句置于句末以示強(qiáng)調(diào)）

名詞性從句 賓語(yǔ)從句

一、引導(dǎo)詞

（1）由that 引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語(yǔ)從句，在很多動(dòng)詞如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動(dòng)詞后。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無(wú)詞匯意義，在口語(yǔ)中常被省略。如：I told him that he was wrong.在think, believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)盡管是否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think 等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健＃ㄒ?jiàn)語(yǔ)法：否定轉(zhuǎn)移）如：I don’t think you are right.(我認(rèn)為你做的不對(duì))在許多帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。

We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone(我認(rèn)為他向每一個(gè)人撒謊是錯(cuò)誤的)（2）由連詞if、whether 引導(dǎo)的表示“是否…”的賓語(yǔ)從句。

Whether, if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.在介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中不用if引導(dǎo)

Everything depends on whether we have enough money.賓語(yǔ)從句中有or not時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.和不定式連用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo) Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.（3）由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how 等連接的賓語(yǔ)從句，它們?cè)诰渲屑从羞B接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。

Do you know which film they are talking about?(which做定語(yǔ))I don’t know where he lives.(where 做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))

二、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序，賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序，既連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分 I believe that they will come soon.特例：有下列常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)句，作為從句出現(xiàn)，是“不改變語(yǔ)句順序”的。1.What's the matter? 2.What's wrong? 3.What's up？

4.What's the problem? 5.What's your trouble?

三、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。

賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，即：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定；主句是 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。如果從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。

1)She says that she is a student.→ She said that she was a student.2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.→ She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She says that she has finished her homework already.→ She said that she had finished her homework already.（1）如果賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.（2）Could you tell me…是用來(lái)征詢(xún)對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)，語(yǔ)氣委婉，并不表示過(guò)去。Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum? 注意事項(xiàng)：

（3）由陳述句變成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意人稱(chēng)的變化。

She said: “I have been to England before.” → She said that she had been to England before.She asked me: “Do you like maths?” → She asked me if I liked maths.（4）賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的交換。

由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，如果賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人時(shí)，可以用“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”做賓語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)。

I don’t know what I should do next.→ I don’t know what to do next.DO SOME EXERCISES: 1.Can you see A? A.what he’s reading B.what is he reading C.what does he read D.he reads what 2.Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一個(gè)句子)Do you know ___that__Jack __come___from Japan? 3._What did your son say in the letter? _He told me that he_D__ the Disney the next day.A.will visit B.has visited C.is going to visit D.would visit 4.He didn’t know___A____ A.what’s the matter B.what the matter is C.what was the matter D.what the matter was 5.Somebody called you just now, but I didn’t know__D__ A.who were they B.who they were C.who was it D.who it was 6.I want to know___D__ A.what is his name B.what’s his name C.that his name is D.what his name is 7.---Could you tell me __C__she is looking for?---Her cousin, Susan.A.that B.whose C.who D.which 8.---What are you searching the Internet for?---I’m trying to find out____.A.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU B.How many persons have died in Iraq C.How to protect our environment D.Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea 同位語(yǔ)從句

（一）一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在主從復(fù)合句中，用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句。它通常跟在某些名詞之后，用以說(shuō)明或解釋該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞通常有：advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word（消息），problem，question, doubt, thought等。eg: They were delighted at the news that their team had won.當(dāng)聽(tīng)到他們隊(duì)獲勝的消息時(shí)，他們欣喜若狂。

有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在被說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開(kāi)。如： The thought came to him that Tom might have returned the book.他突然想起湯姆可能已經(jīng)還了書(shū)了。

（二）引導(dǎo)詞

1.The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.2.He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.3.The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.4.I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.5.We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation this year.6.I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.7.I have no idea when he will be back．

小結(jié)：① that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)無(wú)詞義，也不充當(dāng)任何成分，但通常不可以省略，如句1； ② whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為“是否”，通常不能用if來(lái)代替, 如句2;③ 連接代詞who, what等可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，如句3，4；

④ 連接副詞where, how, when等可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，如句5，6，7。(三)that 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句

① 意義不同：同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；而定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾、限定前面的先行詞。試比較：

1.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.2.The news that you told us is really encouraging.② that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不僅起連接作用，而且還指代先行詞并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等成分。試比較： 1.Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test.2.Dad made a promise that excited all his children.③ 可否省略：that在引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常不可省略。在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，若在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，通常可以省略，若作主語(yǔ)則不可以省略。DO SOME EXERCISES: I.請(qǐng)用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空，使下列句子意思完整。

1.They expressed the hope _that_ they would come over to China soon.2.The fact ___that____ he didn’t see Tom this morning is true.3.Word has come __where_____ some American guests will come to our college for a visit next week.4.He can’t answer the question ___how____ he got the money from his home yesterday.5.Do you have any idea __what___ is actually going on in the classroom? 6.The problem _______ we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once.II.下列各句中均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)改正。

1.Our team has won the game, that made us very happy.2.I’ve come with a message from Mr Wang how he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.3.He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not.4.I’ve read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday.5.One of the men held the opinion when what the book said was right.表語(yǔ)從句

表語(yǔ)從句只能置于主句之后，而主句的動(dòng)詞只能是連系動(dòng)詞。名詞性從句在be等系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)時(shí)被稱(chēng)為表語(yǔ)從句

The problem is how we can get the things we need.問(wèn)題是我們?cè)鯓幽芘轿覀冃枰臇|西。(how 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ))The scissors are not what I need.這把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ))What I told him was that I would find him a good play.我告訴他的是我會(huì)給他找個(gè)好劇本。(what在主語(yǔ)從句中作直接賓語(yǔ)，that作為表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，不能省略)That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對(duì)你講的。(what在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ))That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ))“That is why...”是常用句型，意為“這就是……的原因/因此……”，其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語(yǔ)，該句型通常用于針對(duì)前面已經(jīng)說(shuō)明過(guò)的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié) 下面是兩個(gè)與“That is why...”形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu)，它們與“That is why...”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚：

(1)“That is why...”與“That is the reason why...”同義，只不過(guò)從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上講，“That is the reason why...”中why引導(dǎo)的是—個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why...”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣 That is(the reason)why I cannot agree.(2)“That is because...”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語(yǔ)，這也是個(gè)常用句型，意為“這就是為什么……/因?yàn)椤薄！癟hat is because...”與“That is why...”之間的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由，“That is why...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果

He did not see the film last night.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒(méi)有去看電影，那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。(第一句話(huà)說(shuō)明結(jié)果，第二句話(huà)說(shuō)明原因)He had seen the film before.That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過(guò)那部電影，因此他昨天晚上沒(méi)有去看。(第一句話(huà)說(shuō)明原因，第二句話(huà)說(shuō)明結(jié)果)［考題1］

The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.(2007上海)A.when

B.why

C.whether

D.that ［考題2］

You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.(2004)A.why

B.where

C.what

D.how ［考題3］

— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.— Is that ____ you had a few days off?(1999)A.why

B.when

C.what

D.where ［考題4］

____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.(2003上海春)A.What;because

B.What;that C.That;what

D.That;because ［考題5］

— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game? — Oh, that’s ____.(2003北京春)A.what makes me feel excited

B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it

D.when I feel excited 表語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系

賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句都屬于名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的句子叫表語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句

(1)對(duì)于賓語(yǔ)從句要掌握以下三點(diǎn)

①語(yǔ)序: 從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述句語(yǔ)序, 即“主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)”這種形式。

②時(shí)態(tài): 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候, 從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài), 而當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候, 從句時(shí)態(tài)必須是過(guò)去時(shí)范圍的時(shí)態(tài), 即(一般過(guò)去時(shí), 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí), 過(guò)去完成時(shí), 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))。

③連接詞: 當(dāng)從句意思完整, 主句意思肯定時(shí), 連接詞用that, 且可以省去 當(dāng)從句意思完整, 主句意思不確定或含否定含意時(shí), 常用if或whether(是否)當(dāng)從句意思不完整時(shí), 連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問(wèn)詞。表語(yǔ)從句

在句子中起表語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做表語(yǔ)從句，位于主句系動(dòng)詞的后面。表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同。也是名詞性從句的一種。

What the police want to know is when you entered the room.警察想知道的是你什么時(shí)候進(jìn)的房間。

The trouble is that we are short of funds困難是我們?nèi)狈Y金。This is what we should do這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做的。

That is why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因。

His first question was whether Mr.Smith had arrived yet他的第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是史密斯先生到了沒(méi)有。從句中的疑問(wèn)句用正常語(yǔ)序，即陳述語(yǔ)序。as if, as though, because也可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。

She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起來(lái)好像做了一件大事。It is because you eat too much那是因?yàn)槟愠缘锰嗔恕钫Z(yǔ)從句

（一）狀語(yǔ)從句的種類(lèi)

1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句；3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句；4.條件狀語(yǔ)從句；5.目的狀語(yǔ)從句；6.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；7比較狀語(yǔ)從句；8.程度狀語(yǔ)從句；9.方式狀語(yǔ)從句；10.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

（二）狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

一般情況下，時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”表示“一般將來(lái)時(shí)”，用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表示“將來(lái)完成時(shí)”。（1）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

1.由when, while, as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

when, while和as的區(qū)別：when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。并且when有時(shí)表示“就在那時(shí)”。

While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作必須是延續(xù)性的，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生（或者相對(duì)應(yīng)）。并且while有時(shí)還可以表示對(duì)比。

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.As表示“一邊……一邊”，as引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，一般用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后。

As we was going out, it began to snow.當(dāng)我們出門(mén)時(shí)，開(kāi)始下雪了。（as強(qiáng)調(diào)句中兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)開(kāi)始下雪的特定時(shí)間）2.由before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

before引導(dǎo)的從句不再用否定式的謂語(yǔ)，并且當(dāng)before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時(shí)譯成“就，才”。時(shí)態(tài)：當(dāng)主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時(shí)；如果before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)用 的是過(guò)去時(shí)，則主句動(dòng)詞多用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，這樣以便體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后。

After表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。主句和從句的動(dòng)作的時(shí)間關(guān)系正好與before引導(dǎo)的從句相反。

3.由till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。4.由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。一般情況下，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在It is ＋時(shí)間＋ since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。這些連詞都表示“一……就”。hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相當(dāng)于as soon as之意。主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。當(dāng)hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首時(shí)，主句應(yīng)用倒裝語(yǔ)序。

6.由by the time引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。時(shí)態(tài)的變化：在一般情況下，如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。

7.由each time, every time和whenever引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

8.由as long as和so long as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。這兩個(gè)連詞表示“只要；和…一樣長(zhǎng)”。（2）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導(dǎo)，已經(jīng)形成了固定的句型，： 句型1：Where＋地點(diǎn)從句，（there）＋主句。此句型通常譯成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在從句后面時(shí)，there可用可不用；如果主句在從句的前面時(shí)，一般都不用there。

句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地點(diǎn)從句，＋主句。

狀語(yǔ)從句是句子的狀語(yǔ)由一個(gè)從句充當(dāng)，來(lái)修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞等。狀語(yǔ)從句都由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，與主句連接，放在句末時(shí)，一般不在前面加逗號(hào)。

（3）原因狀語(yǔ)從句： because, since, as和for都表示原因。because語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，回答why提出的問(wèn)題，用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因。當(dāng)能夠很明顯的看出原因或人們已知原因，就用as或since。

由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號(hào)，則可以用for來(lái)代替。但如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。

（4）目的狀語(yǔ)從句：表示目的狀語(yǔ)的從句可以由in order that, so that,等詞引導(dǎo)。（5）結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常由so...that 或 such...that引導(dǎo)，首先要了解

so和such后面分別跟什么詞。such是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞,只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配。The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.（6）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：是由though, although 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。

第二篇：2016中考英語(yǔ)三大從句和感嘆句練習(xí)

一、定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)

1.The food __________tastes delicious is not always healthy.2.I hate TV shows ___________ are noisy and boring.3.Those boys __________ are playing basketball over there from Class Five.4.Is there anything ___________ I can do for you? 5.The woman __________ umbrella you took is angry about it.6.The student___________ father works in the factory is sitting there.7.Do you know the girl ____________Miss Gao is talking to? 8.The book _______ he bought is very interesting

二、定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空

9.He is one of the boys who ________(not)finish doing homework.10.I like films which _________(be)exciting and interesting.11.Children who often __________(eat)junk food are easy to become fat and unhealthy.12.That boy who ___________(run)fastest is from our class.13.Those boys who ___________ playing the guitar are from our school.(be)14.The trees which __________(be)watered yesterday belong to them.15.The man who __________ over there is our teacher.(stand)

16.Those boys who ___________ playing the guitar are from our school.(be)17.Mr.Brown is one of the foreign experts who _________(work)in China.三、根據(jù)語(yǔ)法在空白處填寫(xiě)一個(gè)正確的詞。

18.I don't know _________he will come tomorrow or not.If he comes, I’ll tell you.19.---I saw David in the teacher’s office this morning.Do you know _______ he was there?

---He went there to hand in his homework.20.I asked Jack________ he made so much progress in English.21.The math problem is so difficult that no one knows __________ to work it out.22.I want to visit Tom.Can you tell me ________ Tom lives? 23.John asked ________ I could look after his pet dog while he was away.24.She said _________ she would leave a message to me on the desk.25.Mum says, “You have spent too much time playing computer games.That’s________ your eyes hurt.”

四、狀語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)(用unless, if, when, while, because, although, until, since等填空)1.Julie didn’t leave for her office _________ the police arrived.2.__________ everyone follows the traffic rules, there will be fewer accidents on the road.3.Father won’t allow me to play outside__________ I wash up the dishes.4.Mr.Wilson has taught in that school _________ he came to China three years ago.5._________ we keep our hearts open, we can experience the happiness friendship brings us.6.__________ they failed the soccer game again, they didn’t give up practicing.7.Alice was afraid to try the new ride.Her friend He Wei said, “ ________ you are scared, just shout or hold my hand.”

8.The restaurant is always busy at that time, __________ come a little earlier to get a table.五、感嘆句練習(xí)

1._________important it is for kids to imagine freely!2.________ a foggy day!Something must be done to solve the haze(霧螨)problem.3.Can you see _________ happily the children are playing over there? 4._________ an honest man Jack is!He never tells lies to others.2016中考英語(yǔ)從句和感嘆句練習(xí)5._________brave a boy!He helped his neighbor, Mr Frank, out of the fire last night.6.Teachers sometimes can’t understand ________ their students expect to pass the exams.7.--It is reported that Beijing will hold the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.---________exciting news it is!8._____ fine the weather is!Why not go to climb the mountains have a picnic there?

六、綜合練習(xí)(根據(jù)語(yǔ)法在空白處填詞)1.Do you know __________ beautifully she danced in the party last night!All people cheered for her.2.I will never forget the days ___________ we spent in the old town.3.I’m thinking about _______ to deal with the problem.It’s not easy to do it.4.Is that your neighbor ___________ T-shirt is red? 5.The shop ________ sells flowers is at the end of the street.6.I have already done _________ I can do to help those injured people.7.Many children showed their answers to the math problem.So let’s see ________ answer is right.8.I’d like to congratulate all the students________ are here today.I remember all of you ___________ you were just starting Grade 7 at this school.9._________ you’ve all worked very hard over the last three years, none of you did it alone.I hope you’ll remember the important people in your lives ________ helped and supported you.10.I don’t need to tell you _________ life in senior high school will be harder and that you have many difficult tasks ahead of you.11.Many young people want to be singers or actors, but they never think about _________ difficult the road to success is.12.---We still don’t know_______ built Stonehenge.---Yes, maybe one of the ancient emperors did it.七、根據(jù)短文意思和語(yǔ)法，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。

Li Wen is a 15-year-old boy.He works hard and does well in school.It is hard to believe_________ he used to have difficulties in school._________ his parents moved to the city to work, they could not be home to take care of him.So he became less interested in studying.Then his parents sent him to a boarding school___________ was far away from his home.But Li found life there difficult.He told his teacher __________ he wanted to leave the school.__________, his teacher advised him to talk to his parents first.Li had a conversation with his parents.He realized __________ his parents would always love him and take pride in everything__________ he did.Then he changed a lot.Now his teacher always says, “You can not imagine_________ different this boy is!”

第三篇：2014年高考備考英語(yǔ)單選三大從句

2013年高考英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)選擇分類(lèi)匯編：三大從句

定語(yǔ)從句

(2013北京)27.Many countries are now setting up national parksanimals and plants can

be protected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where

(2013福建)27.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives

were affected.A.whose B.thatC.whoD.which

(2013安徽)29.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,made

one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.A.itB.thatC.whatD.which

(2013湖南)21.Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their

own strengths.A.whomB.whoC.what

D.which

(2013江蘇)32.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,he

remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when

(2013江西)33.He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.A.whatB.whichC.where

D.how

(2013遼寧)34.He may win the competition, ____________he is likely to get into the national

team.A.in which caseB.in that case C.in what caseD.in whose case

(2013山東)31.There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where

(2013山東)35.Finally he reached a lonely island _______ was completely cut off from the

outside world.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom

(2013陜西)16.is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor

arrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As

(2013四川)9.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______ they live.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where

(2013天津)6.We have launched another man-made satellite,is announced in today’s

newspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what

(2013新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)33.”You can’t judge a book by its cover,”.A.as the saying goes oldB.goes as the

old saying

C.as the old saying goesD.goes as old the

saying

(2013重慶)24.John incited abuout 40 people to his wedding, most ofare family members

A themB.thatC.whichD.whom

(2013浙江)5.The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A all of whatB all of whichC all of themD all of whom

(2013浙江)13.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform

______ visitors can watch the bid glasshouses being built.A whatB whereC whenD why

十一、名詞性從句

(2013北京)31.makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writ

A.ThatB.WhatC.WhoD.Which

(2013北京)33.Experts believepeople can waste less food by shopping only when it is

necessary.A.whyB.whereC.thatD.what

(2013全國(guó)大綱卷)24.When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house_I wouldbe

staying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which

(2013安徽)21．From space, the earth looks blue.This isabout seventy-one percent of its

surface is covered by water.A.whyB.howC.becauseD.whether

(2013江西)30._______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A.WhoeverB.WhateverC.Whichever

D.Wherever.(2013山東)30.It’s good to know _____ the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.A.whatB.whose

C.whichD.that

(2013陜西)20.It remains to be seenthe newly formed committee’s policy can be put into

practice.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether

(2013四川)6._______ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A.WhenB.HowC.WhatD.That

(2013天津)15.I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhetherD.What

(2013新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)26.Police have foundappears to be the lost ancient statue.A.whichB.whereC.how

D.what

(2013重慶)28.struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.A.ThatB.ItC.WhatD.Which

(2013浙江)16.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _____ you are

better than anyone else on the sports field.A howB thatC whichD whether

十二、狀語(yǔ)從句

(2013北京)30.I took my driving license with me on holiday,I wanted to hire a car.A.in caseB.even ifC.ever sinceD.if only

(2013安徽)23.It’s much easier to make friendsyou have similar interests.A.unlessB.whenC.even thoughD.sothat

(2013湖南)23.You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason ________ you reach any

decision.A.althoughB.beforeC.because

D.unless

(2013湖南)28.Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you

may be to victory.A.howB.thatC.which

D.where

(2013江蘇)28.In the global economy, a new drug for cancer,it is discovered, will

create many economic possibilities around the world.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whereverD.whichever

(2013江西)28.She says that she’ll have to close the shop ________ business improves.A.ifB.unlessC.after

D.when

(2013遼寧)24.One can always manage to do more things, no matter ______full one’s schedule

is in life.A.howB.whatC.when

D.where

(2013山東)26.Mark needs to learn Chinese _______ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.A.unlessB.untilC.althoughD.since

(2013山東)28._________I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.A.WhateverB.Whenever C.WhoeverD.However

(2013陜西)18.I have heard a lot of good things about youI came back from abroad.A.sinceB.untilC.beforeD.when

(2013四川)7.He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son _______ he wants to.A.even ifB.as ifC.becauseD.before

(2013天津)5.small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.A.AsB.IfC.AlthoughD.Once

(2013重慶)25.we have enough evidence.we can't win the case.A．OnceB As long asC.UnlessD.Since

第四篇：英語(yǔ)從句[定稿]

英語(yǔ)從句

復(fù)雜句：由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句是全句的主體，通常可以獨(dú)立存在；從句則是一個(gè)句子成分，不能獨(dú)立存在。

從句的分類(lèi)：

名詞性從句：主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句 形容詞性從句：通常稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)從句。

副詞性從句：通常稱(chēng)為狀語(yǔ)從句。包括：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句、比較狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從古、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

一、名詞性從句：

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句（Noun Clauses）。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句

1.1主語(yǔ)從句：

作句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。

What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說(shuō)什么還不清楚。

如果what-分句本身明顯表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，比如what分句的動(dòng)詞和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)都是復(fù)數(shù)，那么主句動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。

What I say and think are none of your business.That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語(yǔ)it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：It + be + 形容詞+ that從句

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that … It is true that the sun is bigger than the earth。

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question./ 10 1.2賓語(yǔ)從句：

名詞句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去，例如：

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.2.用who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。I want to know what he has told you.1.3表語(yǔ)從句：

在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語(yǔ)從句位于系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+ 系動(dòng)詞+ that從句。The fact is that we have lost the game.事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。This is where our problem lies.這就是我們的問(wèn)題所在。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。

需要注意的，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞： be動(dòng)詞（am，is，are），感官動(dòng)詞（feel，look，smell，sound，taste，seem），“變得”（get，become，turn，grow），“保持”（keep，stay）

1.4同位語(yǔ)從句：

同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如： The news that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。

二、定語(yǔ)從句(初級(jí)篇)：

2.1定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句跟在一名詞或代詞后進(jìn)行修飾限定，就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾/ 10 的詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況，它通常只能放在被修飾的詞（即先行詞）之后。定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞）引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞位于定語(yǔ)從句句首。

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。關(guān)系代詞包括：that、which、who、whom、whose。

關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)。關(guān)系副詞包括：when、where、why 2.2定語(yǔ)從句=先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句 先行詞：

指被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞或句子。一般先行詞出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句的前面。

關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：

1.連接作用，連接主句和定語(yǔ)從句。

2.指代先行詞。3.在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。

2.3關(guān)系代詞：

2.3.1that(在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ))This is the desk that I borrow from my sister。This is the desk

I borrow the desk from my sister.The man that stands near Lucy comes from America.The man comes from America.the man stands near Lucy.2.3.2Which（在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)）

A prosperity which had never been seen before appears in the countryside。A prosperity had never been seen before.A prosperity appears in the countryside.The package which you are carrying is very beautiful.The package is very beautiful

You are carrying the package.2.3.3Who(在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ))Is he the man who wants to see you? Is he the man?

The man wants to see you.2.3.4Whom（在從句中做賓語(yǔ)）

Is he the man whom you want to see ? Is he the man?

You want to see the man.2.3.5Whose(在從句中做定語(yǔ),翻譯為誰(shuí)的)/ 10 Please pass me the book whose cover is green.They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down 2.4 關(guān)系副詞：

2.4.1 When(在從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),翻譯為那時(shí)候)There comes a time when you have to make a choice.There comes a time you have to make a choice.I want to read this book in the morning when our memory is pretty good.I want to read this book in the morning

our memory is pretty good.2.4.2where(在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),翻譯為在那里)Dawan high school is a good school where I spend three years on study.Qingbaijiang is the place where I was born.2.4.3Why（在從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)通常先行詞是reason、explanation，翻譯成為什么）

We don’t know the reason why he dosen’t come to school。She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer.定語(yǔ)從句（高級(jí)篇）

一、限定性定語(yǔ)從句、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：

限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用，使該詞的含義更具體，更明確。限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能被省略，否則句意就不完整

The book(that/ which)I am reading is very interesting.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的作用是：不直接修飾先行詞，只為先行詞提供一些補(bǔ)充的信息，缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的前面往往有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi) I made a card for mom, who loves me most.My hometown is Beijing, which is the capital of China.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句可將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾,這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒(méi)理解我的意思，這使我心煩。

在非限定定語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)as也可用作關(guān)系代詞，若as在從句中作主語(yǔ)，其引導(dǎo)的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。例如： / 10 The boy has as much progress as we had expected.As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞：which、who、whom、whose、when、where、as（注意沒(méi)有that）

My hometown is Beijing, which is the capital of China.My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.They went to London，where they lived for six months.As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history.二、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.“介詞+ which”在關(guān)系分句中分別可作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語(yǔ)，代替相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when, where和why.如：

I still remember the day on which(= when)I first came to school.The factory in which(= where)I work is a large one.我工作的工廠是一個(gè)大廠子。

2.“介詞+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在關(guān)系分句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，表示存在關(guān)系，關(guān)系分句主謂常須倒裝。如：

They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.他們來(lái)到一處農(nóng)舍，前邊坐著一個(gè)小男孩。

I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.我看見(jiàn)一個(gè)人，他的頭上有一只鳥(niǎo)。3.“不定代詞或數(shù)詞+ of + which（指物）/whom（指人）”在關(guān)系分句中作主語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明整體中的一部分。如：

China has a lot of islands, one of which is Diaoyu.There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film.4.“介詞+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在關(guān)系分句中作目的、方式或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如： Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat? The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer.5.“介詞+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系分句中，作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：

The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.傷害羊的那只狼被打死了。The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那人是一個(gè)好獵手。/ 10 6.“名詞+ of which”代替“whose +名詞”在關(guān)系分句中作定語(yǔ)。如：

I saw some trees, the leaves of which(= whose leaves)were black with disease.我看見(jiàn)一些樹(shù)，它們的葉子因害病而發(fā)黑。

He mentioned a book, the title of which(= whose title)I’ve forgotten.7.“介詞+ which（指物）/whose（指人）”修飾后邊的名詞。如： It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces.雨下了一天一夜，就在這期間輪船撞碎了。

The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.司機(jī)就是那個(gè)男人，她從他的房間偷走地圖。

8.“介詞+ which +不定式”。此種用法多見(jiàn)于正文體中，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句。如：

She had only 1.87 with which to buy(= she could buy)Jim, her husband, a present.她只有一元八角七分錢(qián)，用這些錢(qián)她給丈夫吉姆買(mǎi)一件禮物。

三、.“as”用法：

1.“as”引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1.1.“such....as”

He is not such a fool as he looks.1.2.“the same....as”

This is the same book as I lost last week.(區(qū)分“the same...as”與“the same....that”：兩者都引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。that從句中說(shuō)明的名詞與the same修飾的名詞是同一個(gè)。as從句中說(shuō)明的名詞與the same修飾的名詞是同一類(lèi)，而非同一個(gè)。舉例：

This is the same pen that I lost.這支鋼筆就是我丟的那一支。This is the same pen as I lost.這支鋼筆跟我丟的那支筆一模一樣。1.3.“as...as”

As many children as came were given some cakes.2.“as”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用句式: As everyone knows,China is a beautiful country with a long history.as is said above 綜上所述

as is known to all 眾所周知

as is often the case 通常如此

as is reported in the newspaper 如報(bào)紙所報(bào)道的

四、關(guān)系代詞that、which在很多情況下可以替換，特殊情況下不可替換。有六種情況只可用that而不用which:

（1）不定代詞 anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little為先行詞時(shí)；

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.（2）先行詞為 the only, the very, the just時(shí)； / 10

He is the very that helped the girl out of the water.他從水中救起了那個(gè)女孩。（3）先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞或最高級(jí)時(shí)；

The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twain.（4）先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)；

He talked about the teachers and school that he visited.（5）當(dāng)主句是以who或which開(kāi)始的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)用that；

Who is the person that is standing at the gate?（6）關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)；

He is not the man that he used to be.他以前不是這樣的人。

有兩中情況只用which不用that：

（1）當(dāng)主句先行詞后有介詞時(shí)，用which。例：This is the one of which I'm speaking。（2）非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，用which。

五、定語(yǔ)從句只能“that”引導(dǎo)的情況：

1、先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾。

This is the most interesting book that l have ever read.2、先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾。

The second foreign country that l expect to visit is Greek.3、先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，如“all、few、little、much、anything、nothing、something”

This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.4.、先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)

Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

5、先行詞被“only”、“the every”、“no”、“one of”、“the right“、“the same”等修飾

He is the only person that l want to talk to.6、在以“which”、“who”、“whom” 引起的問(wèn)句中，為避免重復(fù)，常用“that”

Who is the man that is standing there?

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

六、定語(yǔ)從句可以省略關(guān)系詞的情況 ：

定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞有時(shí)可以省略，但這只限于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系詞則不可省略。關(guān)系詞的省略主要限于以下幾個(gè)方面。如：

1.關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的省略。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which和that在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞位于句末時(shí)的介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。如： Is there anything(that)you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎? Who is the man(that / who / whom)you were talking to? 剛才和你講話(huà)的人是誰(shuí)? / 10 2.關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的省略。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。如： China is not the country(that)it was.中國(guó)已不是過(guò)去的中國(guó)了。(that作表語(yǔ))3.關(guān)系代詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)的省略。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足時(shí)，可以省略。如： I’m not the madman(that)you thought me.我并不是你所認(rèn)為的那個(gè)瘋子。(that作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))4.關(guān)系副詞when的省略。用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的關(guān)系副詞when通常不能省略但有一種特殊情況 即用于day, year, time等少數(shù)幾個(gè)詞后時(shí)可以省略(也可換成that)。如： That was the year(that)I first went abroad.就是那一年我第一次出國(guó)了。I’ll never forget the day(that)we met.我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們見(jiàn)面的那一天。

5.關(guān)系副詞where的省略。用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的關(guān)系副詞where通常不能省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少數(shù)幾個(gè)詞后時(shí)可以省略(也可換成that)。如：

This is the place(where)they met yesterday.這就是他們昨天碰頭的地方。Have you somewhere(that)I can lie down for an hour? 你有沒(méi)有一個(gè)什么地方可以讓我躺一個(gè)小時(shí)？

6.關(guān)系副詞why的省略。關(guān)系副詞why通常只用于the reason后引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且通常可換成that或for which，均可省略。如：

That’s the reason(why, for which, that)he came.這就是他來(lái)的原因

七、區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句：

定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；

同位語(yǔ)從句指的是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的從句，同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)對(duì)其前面的抽象名詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明.是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的關(guān)系。

The boy who is playing football is my classmate.（定語(yǔ)從句）

名詞作同位語(yǔ)

Mr.Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all.（同位語(yǔ)從句）

可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞通常有：news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility, decision等。

三、狀語(yǔ)從句：

3.1.條件狀語(yǔ)從句:由引導(dǎo)詞if或unless引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句叫做條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

If you fail in the exam, you will let him down./ 10 You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.3.2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：用表示時(shí)間的連詞連接一個(gè)句子作狀語(yǔ)，這樣的復(fù)合句就是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since......這里要注意一點(diǎn)的是，如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)主將從現(xiàn)。

We were about to leave when he came in It will be four days before they come back。

3.3.目的狀語(yǔ)從句:從句部分是用以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的目的的狀語(yǔ)從句。可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo).You must speak louder in order that you can be heard by all.I got up early so that I could catch the first bus 3.4.原因狀語(yǔ)從句：

引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有because, as（由于）, since（既然）, now(that)（既然）, when（既然）, seeing(that)（由于，鑒于）, considering(that)（考慮到）, given(that)（考慮到）,for（為）等

I don’t like this computer because it is too ugly.Since you don't trust him, you should not employ him.3.5.方式狀語(yǔ)從句：方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常由as, as…so…, as if, as though, by,with引導(dǎo)。

You must try to hold the tool as I do As water is to fish, so air is to man 3.6.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句表示地點(diǎn)、方位，這類(lèi)從句通常由where引導(dǎo)。

I found my books where I had left them.Where there is a will, there is a way.Where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：

where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句前應(yīng)有一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞；而狀語(yǔ)從句前則無(wú)需先行詞。

Go back where you came from.(where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）

Go back to the place where you came from.(where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾place)3.7.比較狀語(yǔ)從句：比較狀語(yǔ)從句主要運(yùn)用于形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)及最高級(jí)的句子之中。原級(jí)：as…as，not so（as）…as …，比較級(jí)：more…than（更）特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more … the more … ； no … more than；not A so much as B My hometown is as beautiful as Hangzhou / 10 Nothing is more dangerous than that you make friends with him The more homework you do, the more you will get in study.3.8.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句:so… that或such…that

The boy is so young that he can't go to school.It was so hot a day that they wanted to go swimming.3.9.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句:引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有以下這些：

though，although, while，as, even if，even though, whether...or...,no matter who/no matter what/ no matter where，whoever/whatever/wherever，regardless of…，despite，in spite of。Although/Though he was exhausted, he still kept on working.They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed

一個(gè)例句記住狀語(yǔ)從句：

雖然我不太乖但是如果媽媽今天不忙，為了給我過(guò)生她會(huì)用微信在蛋糕店買(mǎi)一個(gè)（讓步）（條件）（時(shí)間）（目的）（原因）（方式）（地點(diǎn)）足球般大小的蛋糕。（比較）（結(jié)果）/ 10

第五篇：英語(yǔ)從句匯總

從句不能單獨(dú)成句，但它也有主語(yǔ)部分和謂語(yǔ)部分，是一個(gè)特殊句子，就像一個(gè)句子一樣。所不同在于，從句須由一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞（connective）引導(dǎo)。

根據(jù)從句語(yǔ)法功能的不同可分為：主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句6類(lèi)。

前四類(lèi)由于主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句及同位語(yǔ)從句在句子的功用相當(dāng)于名詞，所以通稱(chēng)名詞性從句；

定語(yǔ)從句功能相當(dāng)于形容詞，稱(chēng)為形容詞性從句；

而狀語(yǔ)從句功能相當(dāng)于副詞，稱(chēng)為副詞性從句。狀語(yǔ)從句還可以分為條件狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、比較狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

主語(yǔ)從句（Subject Clause）

用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有從屬連詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞、縮合連接代詞、縮合連接副詞等。

表語(yǔ)從句（Predicative Clause）

用作表語(yǔ)的從句叫做表語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞很多都一樣。

賓語(yǔ)從句（Object Clause）

在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句.賓語(yǔ)從句分為三類(lèi)：動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句、介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句和形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。

同位語(yǔ)從句

是名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)中的主要從句之一，從句作同位語(yǔ)表示與之同位的名詞(短語(yǔ))的實(shí)際內(nèi)容，它的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對(duì)前面的名詞(短語(yǔ))加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)喈?dāng)于一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，它們之間的關(guān)系就是同位關(guān)系，即主表關(guān)系。

定語(yǔ)從句

是由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用是作定語(yǔ)修飾主句的某個(gè)名詞性成分，相當(dāng)于形容詞，所以又稱(chēng)為形容詞性從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。

狀語(yǔ)從句 可分為：

(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：(adverbial clause of time)(2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：(adverbial clause of place)(3)原因狀語(yǔ)從句：(adverbial clause of cause)(4)條件狀語(yǔ)從句：(adverbial clause of condition)(5)目的狀語(yǔ)從句：(adverbial clause of purpose)(6)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：(adverbial clause of concession)(7)比較狀語(yǔ)從句：(adverbial clause of comparison)(8)方式狀語(yǔ)從句：(adverbial clause of manner)(9)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：(adverbial clause of result)德語(yǔ)中的從句

狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句均用 Dass 來(lái)引導(dǎo)

3主語(yǔ)從句編輯

在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成分的句子叫做主語(yǔ)從句。常規(guī)主語(yǔ)從句，即句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)：不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)影響和限制。（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short timesurprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrowremains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（4）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（5）What caused the accidentremains unknown.（6）Whatever you did is right.（7）Who the watch belongs to is unknown.（8）What we needis time.（9）What we needare good doctors.主語(yǔ)從句小結(jié):（1）引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等。（2）連詞位于句首不能省略。

（3）主語(yǔ)從句大多數(shù)情況下視為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，但也有例外，如例（9）注意：當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主謂一致問(wèn)題極為復(fù)雜。著名學(xué)者周海中教授在論文《關(guān)于what-分句作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題》中就這一問(wèn)題做了深入研究，并給出了10種的主謂一致關(guān)系。這些一致關(guān)系值得英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者和使用者特別注意。4表語(yǔ)從句編輯

連接表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等。還有如because, as if, though等。He has become a teacher.他已經(jīng)成為一名教師。

He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.他已經(jīng)成為了他10 年前想成為的一名教師。His suggestion is good.他的建議是好的。

His suggestion is that we should stay calm.他的建議是，我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜。The question is confusing.這個(gè)問(wèn)題令人困惑。

The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.問(wèn)題是，他什么時(shí)候可以到達(dá)酒店。5賓語(yǔ)從句編輯 定義

賓語(yǔ)從句就是一個(gè)句子作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)，位于及物動(dòng)詞后。Tell him which class you are in.Do you know what he likes？ 賓語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi) A、作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)： e.g．I heard the news.I(主語(yǔ))heard(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)the news.名詞作賓語(yǔ)

I(主語(yǔ))heard(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)that he would come here later on.一個(gè)句子作賓語(yǔ)---賓語(yǔ)從句

B、作介詞的賓語(yǔ)：

e.g．He said nothing about the plan.He(主語(yǔ))said(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)nothing(代詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ))about(介詞)the plan.名詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)

C、做有動(dòng)詞意義的形容詞的賓語(yǔ) e.g.I'm afraid that I can't win.6賓語(yǔ)從句三要素編輯 1：語(yǔ)序

賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述語(yǔ)序。

False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.【注】否定前移，及完成反義疑問(wèn)句；

在think/believe/suppose/guess/imagine/expect等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語(yǔ)從句否定式時(shí)，可以轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上去，完成反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致。（注：否定前移的條件是，主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)）

I don't think you are right,are you？

I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they？

【注】在表示建議suggest,advise；要求demand、desire、require、request、propose；決定 decide;命令 order、command;堅(jiān)決主張 insist;等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語(yǔ)從句，用（should）+v．（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）。

I suggested that you（should）study hard． He ordered that we should go out at once．

【注】如果賓語(yǔ)從句后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，把賓語(yǔ)從句后置。You may think it strange that he would live there． 2：連接詞

帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句就是用連接詞把一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句連接在一起。連接詞有：that(可省略)，what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how。1．從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。【注】that常在以下情況下不能省略：

（1.當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；

（2．當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)；

（3．當(dāng)主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)置于主句尾，賓語(yǔ)從句之前時(shí)；

（4．當(dāng)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)與賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)；

（5．當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略，第二個(gè)that不可以省略；

（6．當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)是this,that或this,that做主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)；（7．當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；（8．當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；（9．當(dāng)主語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí)；（10．當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句有it做其先行詞時(shí)；

（11．在直接引語(yǔ)中，轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語(yǔ)從句隔開(kāi)時(shí)。

2．從句為一般疑問(wèn)句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。在whether…or not結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if替換。

【注】if/whether區(qū)別

①if和whether在作“是否”解時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句常放在動(dòng)詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介詞后一般不用if ②少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用whether.③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以。④在不定式前只能用whether。

如：I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。⑤避免歧異時(shí)，我們常用whether而不用if.3．從句為特殊疑問(wèn)句，常選擇what,when,where,which,why，who,how等的疑問(wèn)代、副詞作連接詞。

★當(dāng)who為主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句式為：who+謂語(yǔ)+其他 3：時(shí)態(tài)

1．主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。

He says(that)he will leave a message on my desk.They know(that)he is working hard.2．主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句為各種相應(yīng)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。He answered that he was listening to me.3．主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，一般從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（“主將從現(xiàn)”）。

4.當(dāng)從句所敘述的事實(shí)為一個(gè)定理或客觀存在時(shí)，無(wú)論主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句均用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。但與人有關(guān)的均不是定理。

He told me that he was a boy.（雖然性別是客觀存在的，但“男”“女”也是人為定義的，故非第4種情況）

Father told me that practice makes perfect.（所敘述的事實(shí)為一個(gè)定理，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）例題

1.The teacher told the children that the sun ____ round.A.was B.is C.were D.are 選B，因其陳述為無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議的客觀事實(shí)。

2.I believe that our team ____ the basketball match.A.win B.won C.will win D.wins 選B或C，這既是講話(huà)人現(xiàn)在對(duì)將來(lái)情況的主觀推測(cè)，也是對(duì)未來(lái)發(fā)生動(dòng)作的肯定。3.The soldiers soon reached()was once an old temple()the villagers used as a school.A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where 選B，動(dòng)詞reach后接賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少賓語(yǔ)，where不可，which引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表疑問(wèn)含義“哪一個(gè)”而此句中并非疑問(wèn)含義，不知道哪一座廟宇，而是用what從句表陳述含義，意“過(guò)去的一座舊廟宇”；temple后為對(duì)其修飾的定語(yǔ)從句，用關(guān)系代詞which代替，并在從句中作動(dòng)詞used的賓語(yǔ)。（注：use sth.as譯為“把…用作”）注意

A.有時(shí)候可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的賓語(yǔ)從句放在后面。

Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.B.帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.C.False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.7連接詞編輯 ①?gòu)膶龠B詞

連接賓語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有that，if，whether.that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語(yǔ)從句，而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語(yǔ)從句。例句：

He told me that he would go to the college next year.他告訴我他下一年上大學(xué)。

I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車(chē)。

Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒(méi)人知道他是否會(huì)通過(guò)考試。②連接代詞 連接

代

詞

主

要

有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。連接代詞一般指疑問(wèn)，但what,whatever除了指疑問(wèn)外，也可以指陳述。例句：

Do you know who has won ‘Red Alert’ game？ 你知道誰(shuí)贏了這一局紅警游戲嗎？

I don’t know whom you should depend on.我不知道你該依靠誰(shuí).The book will show you what the best CEOs know.這本書(shū)會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你決定好是買(mǎi)諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話(huà)了嗎？ ③連接副詞

連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。例句：

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他沒(méi)有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見(jiàn)面。

Could you please tell me how you use the new software? 你能給我展示怎么用這個(gè)新的軟件嗎? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.沒(méi)人知道這些的新的零件在哪里能買(mǎi)到。8同位語(yǔ)編輯

與先行詞同位或等同的從句叫作同位語(yǔ)從句。其關(guān)聯(lián)詞多為that。

同位語(yǔ)從句用法比較“固定”,把關(guān)鍵的幾個(gè)詞背下來(lái)（下面這個(gè)材料供參考）：

一、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說(shuō)明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容，如：

I heard the news that our team had won．我聽(tīng)到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息。I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在這里。

二、可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。如： I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．我從王先生那里來(lái)，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來(lái)看你了。

三、英語(yǔ)中引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞中有連詞 that，whether，連接副詞 how,when,where等。（注：if 不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。）如：

l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

四、有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開(kāi)。如：

Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them． 幾年以后，有消息傳來(lái)說(shuō)拿破侖要親自視察他們。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。

五、同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。

1．同位語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，即說(shuō)明它前面名詞的內(nèi)容；而定語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系，即限定它前面的名詞范圍，或補(bǔ)充一些情況。如： The news that l have passed the exam is true．我通過(guò)了考試這一消息是真的。（同位語(yǔ)從句，即從句所表達(dá)的意思就是前面名詞的內(nèi)容。）

The news that he told me just now is true．他剛才告訴我的消息是真的。

（定語(yǔ)從句，從句對(duì)前面名詞起修飾限制作用，即“他告訴我的”那個(gè)消息，而不是別的消息。）

2．引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that是連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成份，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，除起連接作用外，還在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。如：

The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.計(jì)算機(jī)能夠識(shí)別人的聲音的想法使許多人感到驚奇。（that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成份。）The idea that he gave surprises many people．他提出的觀點(diǎn)令許多人感到吃驚。（that在從句中作gave的賓語(yǔ)。）

一個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾，限定或說(shuō)明，這個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。1)非獨(dú)立的同位語(yǔ)：常出現(xiàn)在被限定詞前 Bruce Lee(姓名)李小龍

Graf Schmidt(稱(chēng)號(hào)，渾名)施密特伯爵 Doctor Wang(職稱(chēng)，頭銜)王博士 Uncel Liu(親戚的稱(chēng)呼)劉叔叔 die Stadt Shanghai(類(lèi)屬名稱(chēng))上海市 the Province Hebei(類(lèi)屬名稱(chēng))河北省 das Jahr 2000(類(lèi)屬名稱(chēng))2000 年

three Kilo tomato(度量名稱(chēng))三公斤西紅柿 the University Bremen(專(zhuān)有名詞)不來(lái)梅大學(xué) 國(guó)際上另一種分法為關(guān)系從句 關(guān)系從句（relative clause)關(guān)系從句的理解與翻譯 人們習(xí)慣稱(chēng)由關(guān)系代詞that，which，who，whom，whose和關(guān)系副詞when，where等引導(dǎo)的從句為“定語(yǔ)從句”，認(rèn)為這種從句的功能同漢語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)，只不過(guò)英語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句后置，漢語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)前置罷了。但隨著對(duì)語(yǔ)言認(rèn)識(shí)的不斷深入，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)很多這樣的從句不能用定語(yǔ)來(lái)翻譯。讓我們先看一例：

Kennedy was rushed to a hospital where he died immediately.若拘泥于“簡(jiǎn)短的定語(yǔ)從句可譯為漢語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)”的觀點(diǎn)，該句子就可能會(huì)被譯為： “肯尼迪被急忙送到一家他很快就死的醫(yī)院。”

譯文聽(tīng)上去荒謬可笑，仿佛送醫(yī)院的目的是為了“很快就死”，這顯然有悖原意。這里“where”起過(guò)渡連接的作用，相當(dāng)于“and there”，在語(yǔ)義上屬另一新層次，絕無(wú)修飾，更無(wú)限制“怎樣的醫(yī)院”之意。從句中“died”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句中“was rushed”的動(dòng)作之后，進(jìn)一步交待了事情發(fā)展的結(jié)果。可見(jiàn)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)難用“定語(yǔ)從句”來(lái)解釋。因此有的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家主張將這種句子籠統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為“關(guān)系從句”。這種正名有利于我們擺脫“定語(yǔ)”的吏縛，深入分析該類(lèi)從句形形色色的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。所以，例1應(yīng)譯為： 肯尼迪被急忙送到一家醫(yī)院，在那里他很快就死了。讓我們?cè)俣嗫磶讉€(gè)例子：

1． When he was still a little boy,Jack London wrote some compositions which were praised by his teachers.杰克·倫敦還是小孩時(shí)，他寫(xiě)的一些作文就受到老師的贊賞。(不宜譯為：……他就寫(xiě)受到老師贊揚(yáng)的作文。)2． I met the boatman who then took me across the ferry.我遇到了那位船夫，他將我渡到對(duì)岸。(不宜譯為：我遇到那位將我渡到對(duì)岸的船夫。)3． While they were waiting there,a dog from one of the houses down the road began a wild,hoarse howl that continued until a voice called out and hushed him.他們正在那兒等時(shí)，從路邊一幢房屋竄出的一條狗開(kāi)始狂吠不止，直到有人出來(lái)喝住，它才停下來(lái)。

(不宜譯為：……一條狗開(kāi)始了直到有人出來(lái)喝住才停止的狂吠。)4． In the torchlight，he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkines,our local grocer.借著電筒的亮光，他看見(jiàn)一個(gè)人影，馬上認(rèn)出是當(dāng)?shù)仉s貨商比爾·威爾金斯。(不宜譯為：……他看見(jiàn)馬上認(rèn)出的是當(dāng)?shù)仉s貨商比爾·威爾金斯的影子。)我們知道，漢語(yǔ)由于缺乏關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系連詞等連接手段，通常只有以時(shí)間或邏輯為軸線(xiàn)安排句子，對(duì)語(yǔ)序的依賴(lài)性極大，如果把后發(fā)生的事做前置定語(yǔ)就會(huì)顯得很好笑，如“送到一家很快就死的醫(yī)院”“寫(xiě)受老師贊揚(yáng)的作文”。而英語(yǔ)的連接手段相當(dāng)豐富，構(gòu)成信息焦點(diǎn)的中心詞后面可馬上由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)從句補(bǔ)充信息，從句中需補(bǔ)充信息的名詞后又衍生出二度、三度……從句，但仍能使人感到句子層次清楚。如：

5． The snake catches the toad that eats the insect that nibbles the green leaves that grow on the branches.遇到這種一個(gè)從句扣一個(gè)從句的句子，漢語(yǔ)只有以簡(jiǎn)馭繁：斷句。譯為： 蛇吃癩蛤蟆，癩蛤蟆吃蟲(chóng)子，蟲(chóng)子吃生長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)枝上的綠葉子。

此外，讀者也許注意到了：在1、2、3、4、5例中，拋開(kāi)關(guān)系代詞等結(jié)構(gòu)不管，我們可明顯察覺(jué)英語(yǔ)、漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序同事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間順序基本一致，這無(wú)疑是翻譯轉(zhuǎn)換的極好基礎(chǔ)，只需在關(guān)系代詞處斷句，省掉關(guān)系代詞，必要的話(huà)重復(fù)一下名詞，照原文順序翻譯即可。那么如果主、從句中謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作是持續(xù)性的，或時(shí)序不清楚又怎么樣呢？請(qǐng)看例句： 6． He is a professor who gives lectures in several universities this semester.他是教授，這學(xué)期在幾所大學(xué)兼課。All this time I was living with a young married couple who interested me very much,forthey were unlike any people had ever known.這段時(shí)期我一直和一對(duì)年輕夫婦同住在一塊兒，這對(duì)夫婦使我很感興趣，因?yàn)樗麄兺乙郧八J(rèn)識(shí)的人都不一樣。

以上兩例中主句傳遞了主要信息，從句傳遞了輔助信息，從另一側(cè)面加以補(bǔ)充描述，或提供某種必要的背景知識(shí)，關(guān)系代詞則起停頓、銜接、過(guò)渡的作用，使語(yǔ)義發(fā)展順利進(jìn)人另一層次，我們似乎察覺(jué)不到這些從句跟中心詞之間有何限制或修飾關(guān)系。

有時(shí)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞還體現(xiàn)了主、從句間的某種邏輯關(guān)系，不能簡(jiǎn)單地視為“代替”某個(gè)名詞而同時(shí)接續(xù)從句的詞。如：

8． In 1906,however,Pierre,who was crossing a road,was run over and killed.(who… ≈ when he…)

1906年，皮埃爾在橫穿馬路時(shí)被車(chē)壓死了。

9． Dr.Bethune,who was very tired on his arrival,set to work at once.(who was… ≈ though he was)白求恩大夫剛到時(shí)雖然很累，但他立即便開(kāi)始工作。

10． We know that a cat,whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes,can see clearly in the night.(whose eyes… ≈ because its eyes…)我們知道，由于貓眼能比人眼吸收更多的光線(xiàn)，所以貓?jiān)谝估镆材芸吹煤芮宄?/p>

11． He would be a shortsighted commander who merely manned his fortress and did not look beyond.(who… ≈ if he…)(誰(shuí)如果)只守城堡而不往遠(yuǎn)處看，(那他)就是目光短淺的指揮官。

12． There was something original,independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.(that… ≈ so that the Plan…)此方案新穎，有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性，有魄力，(所以)他們都喜歡。

以上五例中，關(guān)系代詞、副詞在特定語(yǔ)境表示了時(shí)間、讓步、原因、條件、結(jié)果等邏輯關(guān)系，意義上相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句，翻譯時(shí)也當(dāng)然不能譯為定語(yǔ)。另外，11、12兩句的漢譯中括號(hào)里的漢字省掉后意思仍然清楚而且顯得更簡(jiǎn)潔、緊湊，這也是我們?cè)诜g時(shí)應(yīng)該考慮的。傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法囿于“定語(yǔ)從句”的觀念，以關(guān)系代詞前有無(wú)逗號(hào)為準(zhǔn)，機(jī)械地將關(guān)系從句分為“限制性定語(yǔ)從句”和“非限制性定語(yǔ)從句”，這是很不全面的。我們應(yīng)該深入理解原文的深層意思，尊重漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，才能翻譯出正確、地道的譯文。9定語(yǔ)從句編輯

用作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般皆放在被它所修飾的名（代）詞之后，這種名（代）詞就叫作先行詞（Antecedent）。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞為關(guān)系代詞(或稱(chēng)引導(dǎo)詞、關(guān)系詞等）。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等；關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中用作狀語(yǔ)。①引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有who,whom,whose,that,when,where,why 和 which.在非限制定語(yǔ)從句中，只可用which,who,whose,where,when.,如果指代前面整個(gè)句子，多用which.例句：

The dog that/which was lost has been found.（失蹤的狗已經(jīng)找到了。）

Those who are in favor of the proposal are expected to discuss it in detail after the meeting.（有人認(rèn)為那些對(duì)這個(gè)提案有興趣的人最好是在會(huì)后再具體討論它。）There are many organizations whose purpose is to help the homeless.（存在著許多旨在幫助無(wú)家可歸者的組織。）

The days when we had to rely on wool,cotton or silk for our clothes have now passed.（那種必須依賴(lài)羊毛，棉花或者蠶絲做衣服的日子已經(jīng)過(guò)去了。）

Air moves from places where the pressure was high to places where the pressure is low.（空氣從壓強(qiáng)高的地方流向壓強(qiáng)低的地方。）

This is the reason why he refused to help us.（這就是他拒絕幫助我們的原因。）He was born in 1976,when an earthquake struck the country.（他出生于1976年，這一年這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)生了地震。）

They turned a blind eye to the suffering of the people,which enraged all of us.（他們對(duì)受苦人們的漠視激怒了我們。）

② 當(dāng)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞前有all,any,no,little,much,very first等詞，或先行詞前為形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí)，或先行詞為all,anything,nothing,something,everything時(shí)，從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能用that.The only thing that matters to the children is how soon they can have their holiday.（孩子們唯一關(guān)心的是他們什么時(shí)候放假？）

These are the very points that puzzle me.（真正困擾我的是這些觀點(diǎn)。）Is there anything that bothers you?（有什么事煩著你嗎？）

This is the best film that was ever produced by the company.（這部是那個(gè)公司有史以來(lái)拍攝得最好的電影。）

③as 可做引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，多和such,the same 連用.As 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句也可修飾整個(gè)句子，既可放在先行詞后，也可放在句子開(kāi)頭.例句： Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.（你描述的那一類(lèi)人現(xiàn)在很少了。）The boy was run over by a motor-car,as often happened in pre-liberation Shanghai.（那個(gè)男孩被一輛摩托軋過(guò)去了，這種事在解放前的上海是不少見(jiàn)的。）

As is often the case,the girl forgot to bring her dictionary.（正如往常一樣，這個(gè)女孩又忘了帶上字典。）

We are opposed to such ideas as are not based upon objective facts.（我們是反對(duì)這種毫無(wú)事實(shí)根據(jù)的想法的。）④介詞+which/whom/whose從句

The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch.（她就是從那個(gè)司機(jī)的房間偷了金表的。）

Language is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other.（語(yǔ)言就是人們用來(lái)和其他人交流的一種工具。）

Jane spent all evening talking about her latest book,of which none of us had ever heard.（Jane整整一晚上都在談?wù)撝沧罱鼘W(xué)課本，那些內(nèi)容我們聞所未聞。）例題：

Water dissolves a part of nearly everything _______ it comes in contact.a.where b.that c.with which d.as soon as ⑤代/名+介詞+which 從句

He is needing a book,the name of which I don't know.（他需要一本書(shū)，但是我不知道書(shū)名。）

In factories and in our daily life,there are many waste materials,all of which can be turned into useful things under certain condition.（在工廠里，在我們的日常生活中都有很多垃圾，其實(shí)這些垃圾在某種情況下是可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛杏玫臇|西的。）

To make an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions,each of which has only one correct answer.（為了能夠客觀地測(cè)試，老師寫(xiě)了一串問(wèn)題唯一的答案。）⑥同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句

The news that he has been admitted by Harvard University is very pleasing.（他被哈佛大學(xué)錄取的消息非常令人興奮。）

The news that you told me was really exciting.（你告訴我的這個(gè)消息真的是很激動(dòng)人心。）⑦ 難句：

NO.1 He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.（他是被選為代表該團(tuán)隊(duì)的人中一員。）

NO.2 He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.（他是那些男孩中唯一一個(gè)愿意再接受任務(wù)的人。）

NO.3 I shall never forget the day when we first met.（我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記我們第一次見(jiàn)面的那一天。）

NO.4 I remember the morning when he first came to school.（我記得早上，當(dāng)他第一次來(lái)到學(xué)校的時(shí)候。）

NO.4 I shall never forget the days which I spent in the countryside.（我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我在農(nóng)村度過(guò)的日子。）

NO.5 The room where he lived is kept in good repair.（他住的房間保持著良好的狀態(tài)。）NO.6 Alva found a place in the cellar where he uses as his first laboratory.（館長(zhǎng)在地窖里找到一個(gè)地方使用,作為他第一次實(shí)驗(yàn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。）NO.7 The way in which/that you answered the questions was admirable.（以何種方式/這就是你回答的他所提出的問(wèn)題，令人欽佩。）10狀語(yǔ)從句編輯

用作狀語(yǔ)的從句叫作狀語(yǔ)從句，其關(guān)聯(lián)詞是一些從屬連詞。修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞，通常由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，按其意義和作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、讓步、目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較狀語(yǔ)從句等。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

1)常見(jiàn)連詞有after,as,before,once,since,till,（not）until，when,whenever（no matter when），while，as long as,as soon as… 例句：

As you look at yourself in a mirror,you’ll seen an identical image of yourself.It is a long time before it is possible to test the medicine on human patients.It was not until…that Not until…did he…

Not until I received the letter,did I know he had gone to America.It was not until….When I got to the airport,I suddenly remembered that I had left the ticket behind.I was about to leave,when something occurred which attracted my attention.Whenever we have difficulty,he’ll come to help us.2)no sooner…than,hardly(scarcely,barely)…when: 剛做…就….No sooner had I opened the door than the telephone rang.She had scarcely news when she fainted.3)還有 immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant,the second,every time etc I’ll tell you about it the moment you come.I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

一般用where 或 wherever 引導(dǎo)：

I will stand where I can see the parade clearly.Wherever they went,they were warmly welcome.條件狀語(yǔ)從句

真實(shí)條件從句:if,unless,so long as,provided that,supposing that,on condition that,in the event that,in case that etc I will not go to her party if she doesn’t invite me.I will not go to her party unless she invites me.原因狀語(yǔ)從句

從屬連詞有because,as,since,for,now,that,in that,seeing that,considering that(鑒于，由于)As the school regulations are written quite clearly,there is nothing more to be explained.Considering that the sweater was hard made,it was not expensive.Seeing that they are inexperienced,they are doing quite a good job.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)詞分類(lèi)： 1): even if,though,even though,while(盡管)no matter what/how/which,however,whatever,whichever,however etc.He will not give up smoking even though the doctor advises him to.Whatever the consequence may be,I will be on your side.However hard she tried to explain,nobody trusted her.It has been the same result,whichever way you do it.2)由as 引起的讓步從句，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)烈，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞須放在句首.Simple as the question may seem,it is not at all common in nature.Cold as it is,the children play outdoors.Much as I respect him,I can’t agree with him.Object as you may,I will go on with my plan.3)whether…or,不管…或…

whether you be a student or a teacher,you are required to obey the regulations of the school.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)詞：so that,so…that,such…that

He is so humorous that we’ll never forget him.She is such a nice girl that everybody likes to make friends with her.目的狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)詞：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest,in case I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.Telephone us in advance in order that we might make the necessary arragements.方式狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)詞：as,(just)as…so…，as if,as though.1）as,(just)as…so…引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as…so…結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是“正如…”，“就像”，多用于正式文體，例如： Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。As water is to fish,so air is to man.我們離不開(kāi)空氣，猶如魚(yú)兒離不開(kāi)水。

Just as we sweep our rooms,so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。2）as if,as though 兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示所說(shuō)情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作“仿佛……似的”，“好像……似的”，例如：

They completely ignore these facts as if(as though)they never existed.他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。）He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting.他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。）It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看來(lái)天氣很快就會(huì)好起來(lái)。（實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。）

說(shuō)明：as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)或無(wú)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，例如： He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見(jiàn)我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要說(shuō)什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。比較狀語(yǔ)從句

1)as…as,not so/as…as

the film was not so exciting as we expected.（這部電影沒(méi)有我們期待的一樣精彩。）The history of nursing is as old as the history of man.She likes them almost as much as Paul does.2)比較級(jí)+than,so much/a lot more than She looks much younger than she is.（她看上去比她的實(shí)際年齡更年輕。）

The universe is a lot more complicated than you think.（宇宙的結(jié)構(gòu)比你想象的更復(fù)雜。）

3)no more…than,not more…than,less…than

Jack is not more frightened than Mike is.（杰克不像馬克那么害怕。）Tom is no more rich than Black。（湯姆并不比布萊克富有。）3)the more…the more

The farther north you go,the severer the winter is.The more I see of him,the less I like him.（我越看他越討厭。）