第一篇：從考研英語翻譯真題特點看英語三大從句譯法

從考研英語翻譯真題特點看英語三大從句譯法

從對近三年考研命題形式以及翻譯試題的分析來看，考研翻譯體裁固定，但內容廣泛。主要涉及人們所普遍關心的社會、政治、經濟、文化、科技、道德、歷史、文化、哲學、心理等問題。從考查方向來看，更加注重考查考生的綜合能力。從句型結構來看，相對復雜，詞義靈活多變，盡管考查點比較靈活多變，但主要還是以長難句、結構復雜句為主，以考查學生根據上下文準確理解概念并用漢語正確予以表達的能力為主。

英語的三大從句是：名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句。由于它們本身就是句子，放到大的句子中會讓句子變得復雜，從而也增加了翻譯的信息量和難度。由于此部分是考試的重點也是難點，楊老師將對這三大從句分別進行講解。

（1）名詞性從句的譯法

名詞性從句通常表達一種具體的概念，如“how things stand”實際上是表達“情況”這一概念，如果直譯為“事物是如何站著的”就不準確，同時也違背了原意。所以通常采用概略法來翻譯，使從句陳述的內容更明確化。

例：While we converse with what is above us, we do not grow old, but grow young.譯文：與高于自己的思想進行交流，人不會變得年老，只會變得年輕。

（2）定語從句的譯法

在翻譯英語的定語從句特別是復雜的定語從句時，最基本的方法是把它從整個句子結構中解放出來，即把原文的定語從句從其修飾地位中分離出來，使其相對獨立地敘述所要表達的信息。從結構上分，英語定語從句可以譯為前置定語、并列分句、狀語從句、獨立句子等。在2007年的真題中有這樣一個句子：

On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.譯文：另一方面，法律以一種方式把這些觀念同日常實際聯系起來——這種方式類似于新聞記者在報道以及評論新聞時根據日常規則所形成的聯系方式。

我們可以看出這個定語從句已從整個句子結構中脫離出來，并用破折號表明。

（3）狀語從句的譯法

英語的狀語從句無論在結構外形上還是內涵表意上都與漢語的狀語從句大致對等，這里只強調幾個應該注意的問題：

①連詞能省則省，只要能把意思說清楚，盡量不使用連詞。

②如果條件或讓步狀語從句在整句中語氣較弱，可以把主句譯在前面，從句譯在后面。

③狀語從句的位置可以靈活變動，以便使譯文更流暢。

另外，不常見的人名、地名可以保留原文。萬一遇到不認識的詞，最好忽略不譯，切忌胡亂翻譯。最后，祝大家學有所成，考研順利！

第二篇：考研英語真題考研真相特點

考研英語真題考研真相特點

最新版 考研真相 第一本專為基礎薄弱者編著的真題書，是一本不可多得的好書！具有以下四個特點：

一、詞匯 分類注釋

讀不懂文章的第一個原因，首先是對詞匯的認知程度達不到要求，即對詞匯的掌握無論在數量上還是在深度上都不夠。因此，本書通過對10年考研英語試題中詞匯出現頻率的數據統計及對英語水平一般的考生進行測試調查和抽樣分析，最終確定了10年考研英語試題每篇文章中的重點詞匯和難點詞匯，并將其劃分為：大綱詞匯、超綱詞匯和重點詞組。對列出的“大綱詞匯”，分別從國際音標、詞性、詞義、例句、同義、反義、派生和辨析等多個方面進行了解析，力求挖掘大綱詞匯的深度；對“超綱詞匯”和“重點詞組”的注釋側重使考生加深了解和認識。為了使考生復習方便，我們特意將詞匯注釋部分另外印刷成冊，這樣考生既可以先掌握10年真題詞匯，然后再做真題；亦可在做真題時便于查詞，從而大大提高復習的效率。

二、難句 圖文剖析

讀不懂文章的另一個重要原因是文章中出現了“長難句”的緣故。“長難句”無疑是閱讀理解和英譯漢的“攔路虎”。長難句無非有兩大特點：一是復雜的句子結構；二是句子中的詞匯經常會出現一詞多義和熟詞僻義的現象。第一點重在考查考生對語法的掌握和運用能力；第二點則是考查考生對詞匯掌握的深度。因此，本書分別從上述兩個方面對“長難句”進行了圖解和文字剖析，特別對英譯漢部分的劃線長難句更是不遺余力地從句子結構、翻譯要點和詞匯難點等幾個方面進行了細致的分析。從而有效地幫助考生學習和攻克考研長難句。

三、答案 詳細解析

對考生來講，如何在讀懂了句子和文章的的基礎上快速、準確地答題呢？一方面，考生必須了解考研英語試題各部分（英語知識運用、閱讀理解、寫作）的出題形式、考核知識點、考核題型及評分標準；另一方面，考生必須熟練掌握各部分題型的解題思路、解題方法和解題技巧。本書在答案解析過程中，本著簡潔明了、有理有據、分析現象、抓住本質的原則，對英語知識運用（完形填空）、閱讀理解（A、B部分）分別從“答案及答對率”、“考核題型”及“選項判斷分析”等方面進行了詳解；對英譯漢部分則給出了“考核知識點”、“翻譯要點”、“詞匯難點”和“評分樣題”；對寫作部分則突出了兩點：一是使考生學會正確審題，二是使考生能夠掌握應用文和一般性短文的寫作方法，并且對重點句式和考研常用寫作詞匯也有所學習和掌握。

四、考點 分析點評

每一道考試的題目都是命題人有意設置的。通過這些題目，一方面是要起到考查考生的英語書面語言的能力和水平；而另一方面也是命題人在與考生“斗智斗勇”。因此，通過對每道題目的分析，搞清命題者的出題思路和命題方法，這無疑是找到了破解密碼的鑰匙。通過對“考點設計點評”，我們力求對考生找到“密鑰”能有所幫助。

第三篇：從三大方看2015考研數學真題整體特點

從三大方看2013考研數學真題整體特點 2013-01-10 15:

42從試卷類型上來看：眾所周知，2013年碩士研究生入學統一考試是有史以來最嚴的一年，多個省區采取了一題多卷存在于英語，政治，還有管理類聯考的試卷中。數學由于咱們主要就是解答題部分，占的比重比較多，客觀題也僅僅8個小題，所以數學卷子還是保持著往年的這樣一個考試規則。

從考試內容上來看：我覺得就這個卷子的整體情況而言，尤其是今年這個卷子呈現出一個什么特點呢?可能對大家基本概念，性質定理考察比較多，去年考導數應用部分考的是不等式的證明，今年考的微分中值定理，另外還有一個突出的特點，微分方程和冪級數的結合，考了微分方程冪級數解法，這個特點比較顯著，還有一個題的話數1第19題求曲面方程和形心坐標，這個題運算量相對來說是比較大的，所以說我感覺每年得分數線不會有太大的變化，這一點各位網友心中要有數，只要前期復習得到位，扎扎實實把基本功做到了，這個線不會對你產生太大的影響。

就我自己感覺而言，因為這個題運算量比較大，網友和考生做起來可能存在一定難度，可能會有一些浮動，浮動也就在2、3分范圍內，分數線的話各位網友不要過于擔心。

從復習方法上而言：老師傳授給學生的僅僅是一些方法，比如說數學的方法，這個解題思路怎么樣，數學題型怎么樣，看到什么樣的題套用什么樣的解法，這是老師傳授給學員比較多的一個方面，除此之外，老師給學生傳達很有限的，最后在考場上的也是咱們學生本人，除了老師教給你的方法融會貫通，你要做到手勤和腦勤，手勤就是重在計算上了，也就是說老師教給你的方法，這個方法必須在自己復習過程當中不斷加以運算實踐。把這個運算熟練到位，那么這時候在考場上才能凸現出你的實力，你和其他考生可以拉開檔次，畢竟數學考試是一個選拔性考試。針對這幾年真題下來，我發現實際上很多考生都是輸在了運算上，這一點的話我們在平時復習當中，這是完全可以避免的，也就是說只要下苦工夫，多在計算上下工夫，講完以后看一下，過一下就過去了，這樣是不行的。我每年跟學生講要做到手勤，實際上把我話聽進去學生占少數，每年考卷分析下來，好多學生輸在了運算上。所以我希望今年在座各位網友把我的話聽進去以后，明年考試就會有驚喜在里面。另外就是做到腦勤，也就是說我這個計算題目出來了，我一定要先想一想，多想一想這個題解題思路在哪，在手算之前，看一下有沒有簡單的方法，包括咱們輔導班上老師經常傳授的一些數學解題思路，方法技巧，先想一下有沒有這方面的思路，把自己解題思路拓寬下，這是做到腦勤，所以對于準備考研，或者準備考研數學復習的這一部分學生，我給他的建議就是平常復習當中做到手勤，腦勤。這樣在考場上你會非常欣慰的。

第四篇：2018考研英語翻譯：舉例before和good具體譯法

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

2018考研英語翻譯：舉例before和good

具體譯法

(一)連詞before的含義是“在??以前”(previous to the time when)。在句法上，它引導狀語從句。可見它的詞義頗為單純，功能比較專一。然而，由于漢英表達習慣的不同，在將before漢譯時，其譯法卻多種多樣。常見的有以下幾種：

1，直譯成“(在)??(以或之)前”。這時主句與before從句中的兩個動作按時間先后依次發生。

Before I enter on the subject I have something to say.在討論這一問題之前，我有些話要說。

They led a miserable life before their hometown was liberated.他們家鄉解放前生活很苦。

2，譯成“(后)??才”。副詞“才”在漢語中表示某事發生得晚或慢。如果在含有before從句的復合句中，強調從句動作發生得晚或慢時，就可以應用這種譯法。這里又有兩種情況，一種是主句主語為名詞或代詞，另一種是主語與非人稱it。The train had left before he got to the station.火車開了他才到車站。

It seemed a long time before my turn came.似乎過了好大一會兒才輪到我。

3，連詞before與barely, scarcely, hardly連用時還可譯成“剛??就”。在漢語中，“就”強調事情發生得早或快。如果原文突出主句與從句的動作一前一后緊接著或幾乎同時發生，即可用此譯法。

We had barely sat down before we heard bicycles outside.我們剛坐下就聽到外邊有自行車的聲音。

We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.我們剛離開學校天就下起雨來。

4，如果原文主句中謂語動詞是否定形式則可譯成“就”、“便”、或“快”。這又分主句主語為名(代)詞和it兩種情況。

I had not waited long before she came.我沒等多久她就來了。

It was not long before he got to know it.不久他就知道了。

5，假使原文目的在于渲染從句動作發生之前，主句動作業已發生，可譯成“未??就”或“還沒有(來得及)??就”。

The day began to break before we got to the hilltop.我們還沒有到達山頂天就開始亮了。

Before I could say a single word, he ran away.我連一句話也沒來得及說他就跑了。

另外，像before he knew it一類習慣說法，則可譯成“不??(就)”。The boy fell down from the ladder bvefore he knew it.那個男孩不知怎么一來就從梯子上摔了下來。

6，譯為“趁(著)”，或用反說，譯成“不然會”、“要不就”、“沒”、“不”等。

Study hard before it is too late.趁早努力學習。

I'll do it now before I forget.趁著還沒忘記，我現在就做。She arrived before I expected.凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

我沒料到她來的這么早。

7，某些習語中的連詞before可譯成“先??然后”、“先??再”或“而后”等。One must sow before one can reap.先有播種后有收獲。Look before you leap.三思而后行。

有些習語中的before也可譯成“未??先”。

Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.雞蛋未孵，勿先數雛。

此外，連詞before還作“與其??(寧愿)”(rather than)講，通常可以為“寧可??也不(肯)”、“寧愿??決不”等。例如： We will die before we give in.我們寧死不屈。He would die before he lied.他寧死也不肯說謊。

以上羅列了連詞before的幾種常見的譯法。英漢表達方式很不相同，具體譯法，須根據具體情況而定。

(二)Good一詞，在英語中該算是最熟悉、最常用的了。它的搭配能力很強，而且也常見于科技文章中。一看到good,我們便自然而然得會想到“好的”這一詞義。然而，在一些場合，good的譯法卻是頗費躊躇的。

1，可譯為“好的”，但概念模糊：如good fish(好魚)，是指品種，大小還是新鮮程度呢?

2，勉強可譯為“好的”，但不搭配：如Good fire若譯為“很好的爐火”是可以理解的，但不如譯為“旺盛的爐火”。

3，譯成“好的”反而錯了：如good hard work不是指“一項好的但卻艱巨的工作”，而是指“一項十分艱巨的工作”。

為什么這樣普通的詞在翻譯時卻難處理呢?其原因有二：

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

4，a good river暢通的河道

5，good English規范的英語

6，Good switches move quickly.優質開關動作靈活。(good引申為“優質的”)

7，That engine sounds good.那臺發動機聽起來很正常。(good引申譯為“正常”)

8，the rocket travels better through vacuum than it des through the air.火箭穿過真空比穿過空氣容易。(good引申譯為“容易”)

9，A good example of a case where electricity is changed to power is the electric streetcar.電變為動力的典型例子是電車。(good example引申譯為“典型的例子”)

10，In the absence of an outdoor aerial this telescopic aerial will give a good picture if the transmitter signal is sufficiently strong.在無室外天線時，若發射機的信號很強，這種拉桿天線可產生清晰的圖象(good picture引申譯為“清晰的圖象”)

11，Laser possesses a series of remarkable properties, which make it a better light source in a number of cases.激光有許多顯著的特性，這些特性使它在許多情況下成為一種更理想的光源。(good引申譯為“理想的”)

(2)、有益的

Milk is good food for children.牛奶對小孩是有益的。漢譯時引申：

1，good gradient平緩的坡度

2，It is no good heating the material to such a temperature.把材料加熱到這樣的溫度是不恰當的。(good引申為“恰當的”)

(3)、能勝任的;有能力的;能干的 漢譯時引申：

1，a good chess player高明的棋手

2，A good human translator can do perhaps 2000 to 3000 words a day.一個熟練的翻譯人員一天也許能翻譯兩千到三千個詞。(good引申譯為“熟練的”)

(4)、徹底的;完全的

The workers gave the machine a good checking.工人們對機器進行了徹底的檢查。漢譯時引申：

1，have a good drink喝個痛快

2，It has been thought of making good use of the sun"s energy to serve the well-being of the people.我們早就設想過充分利用太陽能來為自己造福。(good引申譯為“充分”)

3，This set consumes so little power that a good 12 volt car battery can still start your car after you have been watching TV for 10 hours.本機耗電極少，因而具有12伏足電的汽車蓄電池在你看電視十小時后仍能用于開車。(good引申為“充足的”)

4，Rivers provide good sources of hydropower.河流具有豐富的水力資源。(good引申譯為“豐富的”)

5，The CE circuit is widely favored since it can be designed for good voltage and current gains.CE電路得到廣泛的使用，因為它能獲得高電壓增益和高電流增益。(good...gains引申譯為“高??增益”)

(5)、可靠的;安全的;確實的

a car with good brakes剎車可靠的汽車 a good investment安全的投資漢譯時引申： good debts確可償還的債務

凱程教育：

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

凱程考研成立于2005年，國內首家全日制集訓機構考研，一直從事高端全日制輔導，由李海洋教授、張鑫教授、盧營教授、王洋教授、楊武金教授、張釋然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高級考研教研隊伍組成，為學員全程高質量授課、答疑、測試、督導、報考指導、方法指導、聯系導師、復試等全方位的考研服務。凱程考研的宗旨：讓學習成為一種習慣；

凱程考研的價值觀口號：凱旋歸來，前程萬里； 信念：讓每個學員都有好最好的歸宿；

使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中國最專業的考研輔導機構； 激情：永不言棄，樂觀向上；

敬業：以專業的態度做非凡的事業；

服務：以學員的前途為已任，為學員提供高效、專業的服務，團隊合作，為學員服務，為學員引路。

如何選擇考研輔導班：

在考研準備的過程中，會遇到不少困難，尤其對于跨專業考生的專業課來說，通過報輔導班來彌補自己復習的不足，可以大大提高復習效率，節省復習時間，大家可以通過以下幾個方面來考察輔導班，或許能幫你找到適合你的輔導班。

師資力量：師資力量是考察輔導班的首要因素，考生可以針對輔導名師的輔導年限、輔導經驗、歷年輔導效果、學員評價等因素進行綜合評價，詢問往屆學長然后選擇。判斷師資力量關鍵在于綜合實力，因為任何一門課程，都不是由

一、兩個教師包到底的，是一批教師配合的結果。還要深入了解教師的學術背景、資料著述成就、輔導成就等。凱程考研名師云集，李海洋、張鑫教授、方浩教授、盧營教授、孫浩教授等一大批名師在凱程授課。而有的機構只是很普通的老師授課，對知識點把握和命題方向，欠缺火候。

對該專業有輔導歷史：必須對該專業深刻理解，才能深入輔導學員考取該校。在考研輔導班中，從來見過如此輝煌的成績：凱程教育拿下2015五道口金融學院狀元，考取五道口15人，清華經管金融碩士10人，人大金融碩士15個，中財和貿大金融碩士合計20人，北師大教育學7人，會計碩士保錄班考取30人，翻譯碩士接近20人，中傳狀元王園璐、鄭家威都是來自凱程，法學方面，凱程在人大、北大、貿大、政法、武漢大學、公安大學等院校斬獲多個法學和法碩狀元，更多專業成績請查看凱程網站。在凱程官方網站的光榮榜，成功學員經驗談視頻特別多，都是凱程戰績的最好證明。對于如此高的成績，凱程集訓營班主任邢老師說，凱程如此優異的成績，是與我們凱程嚴格的管理，全方位的輔導是分不開的，很多學生本科都不是名校，某些學生來自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，還有很多是工作了多年才回來考的，大多數是跨專業考研，他們的難度大，競爭激烈，沒有嚴格的訓練和同學們的刻苦學習，是很難達到優異的成績。最好的辦法是直接和凱程老師詳細溝通一下就清楚了。

建校歷史：機構成立的歷史也是一個參考因素，歷史越久，積累的人脈資源更多。例如，凱程教育已經成立10年（2005年），一直以來專注于考研，成功率一直遙遙領先，同學們有興趣可以聯系一下他們在線老師或者電話。

有沒有實體學校校區：有些機構比較小，就是一個在寫字樓里上課，自習，這種環境是不太

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

好的，一個優秀的機構必須是在教學環境，大學校園這樣環境。凱程有自己的學習校區，有吃住學一體化教學環境，獨立衛浴、空調、暖氣齊全，這也是一個考研機構實力的體現。此外，最好還要看一下他們的營業執照。

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第五篇：歷年考研英語翻譯真題2

2002年英譯漢試題

(31)One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.(32)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.(33)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.(34)They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.(35)Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.2003年英譯漢試題

(36)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.(37)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(38)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.(39)Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”

(40)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture," like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.2004年英譯漢試題

(41)The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.(42)We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.(43)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.1

(44)Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought ma society.(45)Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.2005年英譯漢試題

(46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed--and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.(47)In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(48)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.(49)Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice

(50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”

2006年英譯漢試題

(51)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(蘇格拉底)way about moral problems.(52)His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.(53)I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.(54)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.(55)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.2007年英譯漢試題

(56)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.(57)On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.(58)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.(59)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.(60)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.2008年英譯漢試題

(61)he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.(62)He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.(63)On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.(64)He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”

(65)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.2009年英譯漢試題

(66)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience;but this effect is not a part of its original motive.(67)Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.(68)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.(69)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.(70)We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of education--that of direct tuition or schooling.2010年英譯漢試題

(71)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.(72)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.(73)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species.(74)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such ,within reason.(75)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.2011年英譯漢試題

(76)Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature

(77)while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”

(78)This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.(79)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.(80)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us;where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.46.yet, when onelooks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes onethat, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various otherfundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression。

【參考譯文】然而，看著無家可歸者繪制出的花園圖片時，人們會突然想到，盡管這些花園風格多樣，它們都顯示了人類除了裝飾和創造性表達之外的其他各種基本訴求

47.A sacred placeof peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed toshelter, which is a distinctly animal need。

【參考譯文】無論地方多么簡陋不堪，尋求一片靜謐圣土是人類特有的需求，而動物需要的僅是僅是避難棲息之地。

48.The gardens ofthe homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urbanenvironment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such。

【參考譯文】無家可歸者的樂園，實際上是一個毫無家氣息的地方，給城市環境帶來了一種新的形式。

無家可歸者描繪的花園實質上是無所依附的，這些花園把一種形式引入城市環境中，而這樣的城市環境中，形式要么根本不存在，要么就完全不是以這種明顯的方式存在。

49.most of usgive in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychologicalconditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppressionvanish as if by magic。

【參考譯文】我們大多數人會深陷于精神萎靡的狀態，并常常將此歸咎為一些心理原因，直到某天我們發現自己置身花園中，感到如魔法般煩悶盡消

50.It is thisimplicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of theword garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these syntheticconstructions。

【參考譯文】正是對自然的這種或隱晦含蓄或清晰直白的提及，充分證實了用“花園”一詞來描述這些虛擬建筑是合乎情理的，即使是從毫無拘泥的意義來講的。