第一篇：英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句

（三）狀語(yǔ)從句

（一）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

例題 I didn’t manage to do it _____ you had explained how.A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.since 分析 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。引導(dǎo)這種從句的詞有after, before, as, when, while , till , until, since, once;連接副詞immediately 等；起連接作用的短語(yǔ)as soon as, by the 不能用形容詞such.例如：

● Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.4.so+ adj.(adv.)+that+從句●The boy is so old that he can go to school.5.so + adj.+ a(an)+單數(shù)名詞

●He is so good a student that we all like him.time, hardly…when, no sooner…than等。例如： ● I was writing a letter when he came in.● She did not go to bet until she(had)finished her homework.● It is nearly six years since we began to learn English.● Once you begin, you must go on.● By the time I arrived at the station, the train had left.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法，應(yīng)注意下面兩點(diǎn)： 1． 要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí)，例如： ● I’ll let him know when he comes.2.要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)替代過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，例如： ●He said he would wait here until I came back.例題的意思是：“直到你說(shuō)明怎么辦之后，我才設(shè)法把這件事做好。”根據(jù)題意，須由until 引導(dǎo)此例的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，所以正確答案應(yīng)為B。

（二）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

例題 When you read the book , you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.A.at whichB.at whereC.the place whereD.where

分析 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的處所或方向，這種從句通常用連接副詞where，wherever(無(wú)論在哪里，無(wú)論到哪里)引導(dǎo)。例如： ● Where there is oppression, there is struggle.例題的意思是：“你看書(shū)時(shí)，最好在有問(wèn)題的地方做一個(gè)記號(hào)。”此復(fù)合句中的從句是個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，須用連接副詞where 引導(dǎo)，所以正確答案應(yīng)為D。

（三）結(jié)果（程度）狀語(yǔ)從句

例題 She told us _____story that we all forgot about the time.A.such an interestingB.such interesting aC.so an interestingD.a so interesting

分析 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示主句的動(dòng)作所引起的結(jié)果。這種從句由such…that, so…that, so that等引導(dǎo)。其用法舉例如下： 1． Such +a(an)+(adj.)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ that+從句

● He left in such a hurry that he forgot to lock the door.2.such+(adj.)+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+從句

●He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.3.such+(adj.)+不可數(shù)名詞+that+從句

●He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exam.在“such+ adj.+ n.+that+ clause”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，其中名詞由many, much, few, little 修飾時(shí)，須用副詞so,例題中的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由“such+ an + adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that”引導(dǎo)。屬于第一種情況，所以正確答案應(yīng)為A。

（四）目的狀語(yǔ)從句

例題 I hurried____ I wouldn’t be late for class.A.sinceB.so thatC.as ifD.unless 分析 目的狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的目的。這種從句用連詞so that, in order that 等引導(dǎo)。目的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中常有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may/might, can/ could, will/ would 和should.例如：

● He is working hard so that he may pass his examination.例題中有一個(gè)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，所以正確答案應(yīng)為D。

（五）條件狀語(yǔ)從句

例題_____he comes, we won’t be able to go.A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even 分析 條件狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的條件、假定等。條件狀語(yǔ)從句通常由連詞if, unless和起連接作用的短語(yǔ)so/ as long as(只要)，so far as(就…)，suppose(that)(假定)等引導(dǎo)。例如：

● If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.● He will not come unless he is invited.● Suppose he is absent, what shall we do?

● As long as we don’t lose heart , we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.例題的選項(xiàng)中只有unless 可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，所以正確答案應(yīng)為B。

（六）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

例題 _____, he doesn’t study well.A.As he is cleverB.He is as cleverC.Clever as he isD.As clever he is

分析 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示某種不利的情況或障礙，但這些因素并不能阻止主句的動(dòng)作的發(fā)生。這種從句通常用連詞although, though, as, however等；連接代詞whatever, whoever等；起連接作用的短語(yǔ)even if though, no matter how what who 等引導(dǎo)。例如： ● Although/ Though the task was difficult, they managed to complete it in time.● Young as he is, he knows a lot.用as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常用倒裝語(yǔ)序，如上面例句所示。● Nobody believed him no matter what / whatever he said.● He will never succeed.however/no matter how hard he tries.● Even if/ though an icy wind blew from the north, we always slept with our windows open.例題中有一個(gè)as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，故從句中的表語(yǔ)clever 須放到as 前面去，所以正確答案應(yīng)為C。

第二篇：狀語(yǔ)從句

Clauses of Condition, Concession and Contrast(條件、讓步和對(duì)比從句)條件從句

由 if, unless, as(so)long as, provided / providing(that), suppose / supposing(that), in case等引導(dǎo)，如：

If he comes I'll tell you.You would have succeeded if you had tried harder.You will fail unless you work hard.(=You will fail if you don't work hard.)

Supposing / Suppose it rains, shall we have the match as scheduled?

In case you need anything else, please let me know.讓步從句

由 although, though, even though, even if, whether...or, while, as, wh-words + ever(= no matter + wh-words)等從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

He is quite modest though he is the best student in the class.The needle has the same mass whether it is hot or cold.Whichever(No matter which)plan you adopt, you will meet with difficulties.使用上述讓步從句的某些從屬連詞時(shí)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

a.although(though)不可與連詞 but 連用；

b.as 引導(dǎo)的從句意義和 though 相似，但表示的語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，并須將強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞放在句首（但不用 although），如：

Simple as(though)the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.c.however / no matter how 引導(dǎo)的從句中，however / no matter how 后須緊跟形容詞或副詞，如：

However / No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't remember all the questions.對(duì)比從句

表示兩個(gè)人或兩件事之間的對(duì)比，常用 while 或 whereas 引導(dǎo)，如：

He is idle, while his brother is diligent.Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.Clauses of Cause, Result and Purpose(原因、結(jié)果和目的從句)原因從句

主要由下列從屬連詞引導(dǎo)：

1． Because, as, since。其中 because 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，表示直接、主要原因，通常引導(dǎo)的從句放在句尾，特別是回答 why 提出的問(wèn)題只能用 because;as 和 since 表示明顯的、已知的原因，since 比 as 正式，如：

They had to move because their building was to be pulled down.As Mary was the eldest, she looked after the others.Since they live near the sea, they often go sailing.2． now that, seeing(that), considering(that), in that。這些連詞與 as, since 意思相近，通常用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，并且它們兼有其它意義。now that 有“時(shí)間”含義，表示”既然”，說(shuō)明一種新

情況；seeing(that)和 considering(that)有“條件”含義；in that 有”某一方面”含義，如：

Now that you are well again you can travel.Seeing(that)they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.I was lucky in that I was able to find a good baby-sitter（保姆）.結(jié)果從句

常用 so that, so...that, such...that, that 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

I was caught in a shower, so that all my clothes got wet.I was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes open.He was such a good runner that I couldn't catch him.目的從句

常用 so that, in order(that), lest, for fear that 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

I took a taxi so that I could be in time for the meeting.Come closer in order that you may see the blackboard better.so that 既可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果從句也可引導(dǎo)目的從句，但結(jié)果從句表示事實(shí)，通常不含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；目的從句表示希望或想要實(shí)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)，通常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：

He got up early so that he caught the train.（結(jié)果）

He got up early so that he could(might)catch the train.（目的）

Lest 和 for fear(that)含有否定意義，并且從句中動(dòng)詞須用 “動(dòng)詞原形”或 ”should + V.” 的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如：

He ran away lest he(should)be caught.(= He ran away in order that he would not be caught.)

I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.(= I checked all the results time and again so that there wouldn't be any mistakes.)

Clauses of Manner and Comparison(方式和比較從句)方式從句

主要由 just as, as, as if, as though 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

He doesn't speak the way as other people do.Our bodies are made up of millions of very small cells, just as a building is made of many stones or bricks.He speaks French as if(as though)he were a Frenchman.由 as if 或 as though 引導(dǎo)的從句通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但如果主句謂語(yǔ)是感官動(dòng)詞，并且所述情況實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性大，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，如：

It looks as if the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one.比較從句

主要由 as...as, not so(as)...as, than 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

This table is as wide as that one.Mary can not run so(as)fast as Tom.Silver conducts electricity better than other metals.Clauses of Proportion and Other Types(比例從句和其它從句)比例從句

由關(guān)聯(lián)詞 the...the...連接形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)構(gòu)成，如：

The more she thought about it, the more she liked it.其它從句

如 as...so 和 what...that 引導(dǎo)的類(lèi)比從句；so(as)far as 引導(dǎo)的范圍從句；except that 引導(dǎo)的例外從句；rather / sooner than 和 would / had rather than 引導(dǎo)的擇比從句等，如：

As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.（沙漠似海，駱駝似舟。）

What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation.（鐵路對(duì)于運(yùn)輸，好比血管對(duì)于人的身體。）

As(So)far as I know, he is an honest man.（據(jù)我所知，他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。）

I would do it with pleasure, except that I am too busy.（要不是我太忙了，我會(huì)很高興去做的。）

Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.（他寧可沿街乞討，也不愿意用欺騙手段騙取錢(qián)。）

He would rather have the small one than the large one.（他寧可要那個(gè)小的，而不愿要那個(gè)大的。）

第三篇：狀語(yǔ)從句45

中考總復(fù)習(xí)編號(hào)45出題人王亞春 1.引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while ：當(dāng)。。時(shí)候 課標(biāo)詞匯復(fù)習(xí)(976—1000)(not)… till / until 直到…(才…)﹉ 一．詞匯拓展 as soon as 一 …就…before在…以前pay ___________(過(guò)去式)___________(過(guò)去分詞)after在。。以后since 自從phone_________(過(guò)去式)___________(過(guò)去分詞)2.中考考點(diǎn)：____________(完全形式)penny ________(復(fù)數(shù))1)由 when、after、before、as soon as、till /until 引photo _________(復(fù)數(shù))piano_________(復(fù)數(shù))導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，遵從主將從現(xiàn)、主祈從現(xiàn)、主情從2.We'll go to visit Tiananmen Square ______ it doesn't

rain tomorrow.A.ifB.as soon as C.whenD.since 3.I didn’t know he came back _____ I met him in the street.A.sinceB.whenC.untilD.after

4.Susan will not arrive at the airport on time ___ she hurries up.A.onceB.ifC.whenD.unless 5.Tom likes reading a newspaper ___he is having breakfast.二．翻譯短語(yǔ) 1.為某物花費(fèi)了。。錢(qián)________________2.付賬_________________3.打電話_________________ 4.手機(jī) ________________5.結(jié)婚_(kāi)__________________ 6.照相_________________7.禁止照相______________ 8.拾起_________________9.野餐 __________________ 三．詞匯運(yùn)用 1.The doctors are very p_________ with those __________

(病人).2.Every teacher has had a p__________ computer already.3.How many _____________(人)are there in your family? 4.You needn’t _____________(支付)the books.Your mumdid it just now.5.The boys enjoy chatting with each other by ___________

__________(打電話).6.There are so many _________(梨)on thetree。7.The shop sells all kinds of ___________________（手機(jī)）.8.You’d better not _________________(照相)in the dark.9.This is one of the best __________(鋼琴)in the store.10.Look!The boys and girls __________________(野餐).11.That is ________________________（一張我的家庭照）。12.I think physics _______ more difficult than maths.A.isB.areC.haveD.has

13.Kate found some waste paper on the floor.She ______

it ______ and threw it into the dustbin.A.put , upB.picked , upC.turned ,up D.looked , up14.---What sign is often found in museums ?---

“ _______”.A.MENUB.THIS SIDE UP

C.PAUSED.NO PHOTOS 語(yǔ)法綜合復(fù)習(xí)：狀語(yǔ)從句（一個(gè)句子在句中作狀語(yǔ)）★分類(lèi)：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式狀語(yǔ)從句。一．時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 現(xiàn)的原則。★ I will go and visit you when I have time next week.★ Please wait for me until I come back.★ Tom can ring you up as soon as he reaches Canada.2)由 when、after、before、as soon as、not…till /unti引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，遵從主過(guò)從過(guò)的原則。★Mozart started writing music when he was four.★Her mother didn’t go to bed until she gothome.3)以when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從

句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)以while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，通常用進(jìn)行時(shí) ★The students were singing when the teacher came in.★Tim was cooking while his mother was cooking.★Never trouble me while I’m sleeping.4)通過(guò)翻譯when 的詞義，來(lái)辨別是賓從還是狀從，并選用不同的時(shí)態(tài).when : 當(dāng)。。的時(shí)候 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 →主將從現(xiàn)什么時(shí)候 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)判斷時(shí)態(tài) ★I don’t know when LiPing will come.When he comes ,I’ll call you二．條件狀語(yǔ)從句

1.引導(dǎo)詞：if如果unless 如果不。。，除非 2.中考考點(diǎn)： 1)由 if 和unless 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，遵從主將從現(xiàn) ★If you don’t go to the meeting tomorrow, I won’t either.★He won’t catch the early bus unless he hurries up.2)根據(jù)if 的詞義,來(lái)辨別是賓從還是狀從,并選用正確的時(shí)態(tài).if :如果 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 →主將從現(xiàn)是否 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)判斷時(shí)態(tài) I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.If it rains , we’ll stay at home.Some exercises :(走進(jìn)中考)

1.John fell asleep ______he was listening to the music.A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.as soon as A.untilB.whileC.becauseD.though 6.—When will he leave for Shanghai? —As soon as he _____ his work.A.finishedB.will finishC.is finishingD.finishes 7.I don’t know if he _______.If he _______, please let me know.A.comes, comesB.will come, will come

C.will come, comesD.comes, will come

8.I arrived at the airport_____the plane had take off.A.beforeB.afterC.whileD.when

9.He said he wanted to be a doctor when he ______.A.grow upB.will grow upC.grew up D.would grow up 10.It is ten years _______we came to Xinglong.A.ifB.as soon asC.whenD.since

11.She was drawing on the computer ___ Kate came in.上 12.None of us knew what happened _____we heard the news on the radio.A.afterB.untilC.whenD.since 13.The sports meeting will continue ____ the rain stops today.A.afterB.as soon asC.untilD.since 14.They _____ here since the factory opened.A.had worked B.have workekC.worked D.has worked 15.I ______ her the answer ifshe_____ me.A.can tell ,will askB.will tell , will askC.would tell , askD.will tell ,asks 達(dá)標(biāo)測(cè)評(píng)

1.Could you please tell me your e-mail address____you go?A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.as soon as 2.----I wonder if your wife will go to the party.----If your wife _____ , so ______.A.does, does sheB.will, will mineC.does, will mineD.will, will I3.I tried to call you _______I heard from him,but you were not in.A.since B.while C.untilD.as soon as4.It’s foolish to take a taxi _____ you can easily walk to the station.A.sinceB.whenC.ifD.as soon as

5.he , if , Tom , has , will , time , the , party , to , go（連句）

第四篇：狀語(yǔ)從句1

狀語(yǔ)從句

一：什么是狀語(yǔ)從句？

用一個(gè)句子(從句)來(lái)作另一個(gè)句子(主句)的狀語(yǔ)，用作狀語(yǔ)的句子就叫作狀語(yǔ)從句。作什么樣的狀語(yǔ)就叫什么類(lèi)型的狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：條件狀語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子來(lái)作條件狀語(yǔ)。二：狀語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)。

1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用法要點(diǎn)。

凡是從句都必須有引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的詞有 when, before, after, until, as soon as, while 等，具體用法如下：

（1）.when 意為“當(dāng)??時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。例如：

I feel very happy when you come to see me.你（們）來(lái)看我時(shí)，我感到很高興。

When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.你（們）過(guò)街道時(shí)，一定要小心。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，when的從句可以用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。He was working at the table when I went in.當(dāng)我進(jìn)去的時(shí)候，他正在桌旁工作。Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping.當(dāng)我正在睡覺(jué)時(shí)，有人敲門(mén)。I will visit my good friend when I have time.當(dāng)我有空兒時(shí)，我將去看望我的好友。I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.當(dāng)我在上海時(shí)，我為一家外國(guó)企業(yè)工作。

注：when也可以作并列連詞，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)詞正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候，突然間發(fā)生了另外一件事。

I was fishing by the river , when someone called for help.我正在河邊釣魚(yú)，就在那時(shí)有人求救。

We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out.我們正在化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作，突然燈都熄滅了。

比較while, when, as

1）as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。

Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2）當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as 或 while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3）從句表示“隨時(shí)間推移”連詞能用as，不用when 或while。

As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過(guò)去，天氣越變?cè)綁摹?/p>

（2）.before 意為“在??之前”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。例如：

We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天離開(kāi)學(xué)校之前，我們打掃了教室。

He had been a cook before he went to college.他上大學(xué)前曾當(dāng)過(guò)廚師。

after 意為“在??之后”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后。例如：

After you use plastic bags, you mustn't throw them about.你（們）用過(guò)了塑料袋之后，不準(zhǔn)到處亂扔。

He called me after he had finished his work.他在工作完之后給我打了個(gè)電話。

注：若主句和從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成時(shí)態(tài)，例如 1

上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work.（3）.since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，譯為“自從??”，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

We have made many dumplings since we began to cook.自從我們開(kāi)始做飯起，我們已經(jīng)包了許多餃子了。

We haven't seen each other since we parted.我們自從分手以后一直沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面。

注：常用句型：It is +時(shí)間段+since從句譯為：自從??有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。

It is six years since she graduated from the university.自從她大學(xué)畢業(yè)已有六年的時(shí)間了。

（4）.until 意為“直到??時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句常用肯定形式；當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常用否定形式, not...until...意為“直到??才??”，這時(shí)的until可以用before 來(lái)替換。例如：

I'll stay here until you come back.我會(huì)呆在這里，直到你回來(lái)。(stay表示的動(dòng)作可以持續(xù))

He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺(jué)。(go to bed 表示的動(dòng)作不能持續(xù))

（5）表示“一?就?”的結(jié)構(gòu)

hardly/scarcely?when/before, no sooner?than 和as soon as都可以表示“一?就?”的意思，表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作馬上就發(fā)生。例：

①、I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回來(lái)我就告訴他這件事。

②、I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.③、I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.④、As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：

Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.（6）.while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，常譯為“與??同時(shí)，在??期間”，while的從句中常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞。

They rushed in while we were discussing problems.當(dāng)我們正在討論問(wèn)題時(shí)，他們沖了進(jìn)來(lái)。

Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.當(dāng)我正在打電子游戲時(shí)，爸爸正在清洗汽車(chē)。

注：while也可以作并列連詞，表轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于but，譯為“然而”。eg.I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.我喜歡聽(tīng)音樂(lè)，而我的兄弟愛(ài)好運(yùn)動(dòng)。

（7）.till和until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，譯為“直到??為止”，not ? till / until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，譯為“直到??才”。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作的結(jié)束，用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始，用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。

比較until和till

此兩個(gè)連詞意義相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某時(shí)”，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是“直至某時(shí)才做某事”。動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式。

肯定句：

I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。

Wait till I call you.等著我叫你。

（在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）

否定句：

She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.她直到6點(diǎn)才到。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽車(chē)停穩(wěn)后再下車(chē)。

I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才會(huì)做。

1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。

Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點(diǎn)也不知道。

2)Until when 疑問(wèn)句中，until要放在句首。

---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么時(shí)候？

---Until next Monday.呆到下周一。

注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。

(1）Not until ?在句首，主句用倒裝。

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19 世紀(jì)初，人類(lèi)才知道熱能是什么。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我開(kāi)始工作，我才認(rèn)識(shí)到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。

(2)It is not until? that?

I will wait for my friend until / till he comes.我要一直等到我朋友來(lái)。

We won't start our discussion until / till he comes.我們要等到他來(lái)了，再開(kāi)始我們的討論。

2、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句用法要點(diǎn)。

常用where（哪里）和wherever（無(wú)論哪里）引導(dǎo)。

Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

We will go wherever the motherland need us most.我們要到祖國(guó)最需要的地方去。Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方樹(shù)很多。

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都會(huì)想到你。方式狀語(yǔ)從句

方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常由as,(just)as?so?, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。

1）as,(just)as?so?引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as?so?結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是“正如?”，“就像”，多用于正式文體，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。

As water is to fish, so air is to man.我們離不開(kāi)空氣，猶如魚(yú)兒離不開(kāi)水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。

2）as if, as though

兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示所說(shuō)情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作“仿佛??似的”，“好像??似的”，例如：

They completely ignore these facts as if(as though)they never existed.他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。）He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting.他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。）

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看來(lái)天氣很快就會(huì)好起來(lái)。（實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。）

說(shuō)明：as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)或無(wú)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見(jiàn)我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要說(shuō)什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。原因狀語(yǔ)從句用法要點(diǎn)。

常用的引導(dǎo)連詞有because, as和since。三者的區(qū)別是：在回答問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，使用because；對(duì)于顯而易見(jiàn)的原因，常用as或since；as和since的從句常放在主句之前，而because的從句常放在主句之后。

Why did you go?I went because Tom told me to go.你為何去？那是因?yàn)闇方形胰ァe was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise.他很生氣不是因?yàn)槲覀儊?lái)遲了，而是因?yàn)槲覀兣隽寺曇簟?/p>

As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors.由于雨太大，我們只好呆在家里。

Since you feel ill, you'd better not go to work.既然你感覺(jué)不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。比較：because, since, as和for

1）because語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見(jiàn)的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。

I didn't go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2）由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號(hào)，則可以用for來(lái)代替。但如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。

He is absent today, because / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.5、目的狀語(yǔ)從句用法要點(diǎn)。

常用的引導(dǎo)連詞有so that, that和in order that譯為：以便，為了，目的是。此外還有l(wèi)est, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo)，例如，Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes.請(qǐng)講慢一點(diǎn)，以便我們能作詳細(xì)筆記。

I shall write down your address that I may not forget.我要把你的地址記下來(lái)，以免忘記。

I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time.這封信我以航空信發(fā)出，以便他能及時(shí)收到。

You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.注：目的狀語(yǔ)從句可以用動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)替換做目的狀語(yǔ)

We work harder than usualfinish it in a week.我們比平常加倍努力工作以在一周內(nèi)完

成工作。結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常由so? that 或 such?that引導(dǎo)，掌握這兩個(gè)句型，首先要了解so 和 such與其后的詞的搭配規(guī)律。

比較：so和 such

其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配。

so foolishsuch a fool

so nice a flowersuch a nice flower

so many / few flowerssuch nice flowers

so much / little money.such rapid progress

so many peoplesuch a lot of people

（so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。）

so?that與such?that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。

The boy is so young that he can't go to school.He is such a young boy that he can't go to school條件狀語(yǔ)從句用法要點(diǎn)。

我們主要看一下由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。if 意為“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示假如有從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生就(不)會(huì)有主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。例如：

If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我們就騎自行車(chē)去那里。

If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快點(diǎn)看病。連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。非真實(shí)條件句已在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中闡述。

unless = if not.Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.典型例題

You will be late ___ you leave immediately.A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.or

答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否則你就回遲到的。可轉(zhuǎn)化為 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.B、D句意不對(duì)，or表轉(zhuǎn)折，句子如為 You leave immediately or you will be late.8讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

though, although

注意： 當(dāng)有though, although時(shí)，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?/p>

He is very old, but he still works very hard.雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。

Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。（諺語(yǔ)）

典型例題

1）___she is young, she knows quite a lot.A.When B.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Unless

答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。

2)as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句

as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.注意： a.句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。

b.句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems?

雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。

3)ever if, even though.即使

We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.4)whether?or-不管??都

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5)“no matter +疑問(wèn)詞” 或“疑問(wèn)詞+后綴ever”

No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替換：no matter what = whatever

no matter who = whoever

no matter when = whenever

no matter where = wherever

no matter which = whichever

no matter how = however

注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。

（錯(cuò)）No matter what you say is of no use now.（對(duì)）Whatever you say is of no use now.你現(xiàn)在說(shuō)什么也沒(méi)用了。(Whatever you say是主語(yǔ)從句)

（錯(cuò)）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,（對(duì)）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么。三：主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致的問(wèn)題。

在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句和從句之間的時(shí)態(tài)一致問(wèn)題一般分下列兩種情況：

1.若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，或主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：

Be careful when you cross the road.過(guò)馬路時(shí)要小心。

Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask.如果你們有問(wèn)題要問(wèn)的話，請(qǐng)舉手。The traffic must stop when the lights are red.紅燈亮?xí)r，車(chē)輛必須停下。

2.若主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是陳述過(guò)去，那么主從句都可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：She could sing when she was four years old.她四歲的時(shí)候就會(huì)唱歌。

第五篇：狀語(yǔ)及狀語(yǔ)從句解析

狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)是句子的重要修飾成分。狀語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)里的另一個(gè)附加成分，它附加在謂語(yǔ)中心語(yǔ)的前面，從情況、時(shí)間、處所、方式、條件、對(duì)象、肯定、否定、范圍和程度等方面對(duì)謂語(yǔ)中心進(jìn)行修飾或限制。在英語(yǔ)中，狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分。

狀語(yǔ)的功用：狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。

狀語(yǔ)一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

副詞是一種用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞或全句的詞,說(shuō)明時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),程度,方式等概念。1.副詞一般在句子中做狀語(yǔ)．

He speaks English very well.他英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得非常好.中的very是程度副詞，用來(lái)修飾well。very well是修飾speak的程度狀語(yǔ)。

2.不定式在句子中可以作目的狀語(yǔ)。I come specially to see you.我專門(mén)來(lái)看你.3.介詞短語(yǔ)

Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.十年前,她開(kāi)始住在大連。

The boy was praised for his bravery.4.從句作狀語(yǔ)

When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.5.分詞作狀語(yǔ)

Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。

Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.狀語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)介

概述

狀語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)相同的地方是,都是前者附加成分;不同的地方是,它是謂語(yǔ)里的附加成分,而定語(yǔ)是主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)里的附加成分.從句子的層次上看,狀語(yǔ)是在第二個(gè)層次和第三個(gè)層次里的成分,有時(shí)甚至是更低層次的成分.狀語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成

狀語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成經(jīng)常充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的有形容詞,副詞,時(shí)間處所名詞,能愿動(dòng)詞,指示代詞,以及方位短語(yǔ),介詞短語(yǔ),動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ),謂詞性聯(lián)合短語(yǔ),謂詞性偏正短語(yǔ),謂詞性主謂短語(yǔ)等.含有動(dòng)量詞的數(shù)量短語(yǔ)以及重疊式的數(shù)量短語(yǔ)(不論動(dòng)量,物量)也可以充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ).此外,少數(shù)名詞帶上表比況的助詞也可以作狀語(yǔ).狀語(yǔ)的書(shū)面標(biāo)志——“地”

狀語(yǔ)的書(shū)面標(biāo)志是結(jié)構(gòu)助詞“地”.狀語(yǔ)后面帶或者是不帶“地”,情況比較復(fù)雜.一般講來(lái),數(shù)量短語(yǔ),主謂短語(yǔ),動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)等作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),大都帶“地”;而介詞短語(yǔ),方位短語(yǔ),能愿動(dòng)詞,時(shí)間處所名詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不能帶“地”,副詞,單音節(jié)形容詞作狀語(yǔ)一般也不帶“地”.多層狀語(yǔ)

如果一個(gè)中心語(yǔ)前面有好幾個(gè)狀語(yǔ)(多層狀語(yǔ)),那就應(yīng)當(dāng)注意它們的語(yǔ)序.多層狀語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)個(gè)數(shù)一般比多層定語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)個(gè)數(shù)要少些,其語(yǔ)序也比多層定語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序要靈活一些.多層狀語(yǔ)的一般語(yǔ)序: a.表時(shí)間的名詞或方位短語(yǔ),介詞短語(yǔ);b.副詞.c.表處所的介詞短語(yǔ)或名詞,方位短語(yǔ);d.表情態(tài)的形容詞或謂詞短語(yǔ);e.表對(duì)象的介詞短語(yǔ).其中副詞的位置較為靈活,也可放置在第三項(xiàng)之后.一般狀語(yǔ)和句首狀語(yǔ)

狀語(yǔ)在句子中有兩種位置:一種是在主語(yǔ)之后,謂語(yǔ)中心之前,如上文所舉各例,這是狀語(yǔ)的一般位置;另一種是放在主語(yǔ)的前面的,這是狀語(yǔ)的特殊位置,這種狀語(yǔ)可稱“句首狀語(yǔ)”.狀語(yǔ)的分類(lèi)

狀語(yǔ)按其修飾的功能不同可分為八大類(lèi)：

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，條件狀語(yǔ)，原因狀語(yǔ)，目的狀語(yǔ)，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，讓步狀語(yǔ)和比較狀語(yǔ)

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

要點(diǎn): 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，由以下連詞引導(dǎo)： when，while，as，after，before，as soon as，since，till /until by the time 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，要注意時(shí)態(tài)一致。一般情況下主句是將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

1.when當(dāng).....的時(shí)候

Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.2.while當(dāng).....時(shí)

He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.3.as在.....的同時(shí)；一邊....一邊.....He smiled as he stood up.4.after在....之后

He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.5.before 在......之前

Mr.Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.6.as soon as 一.....就（scarcely/hardly...when,no sooner than,the minute/moment,on/upon,directly等等）

We began to work as soon as we got there.I will write to you as soon as I get home.7.since 自......以來(lái)到現(xiàn)在

表示自過(guò)去的一個(gè)起點(diǎn)時(shí)間到目前(說(shuō)話時(shí)間)為止的一段持續(xù)時(shí)間。主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.(還可以用作介詞，本句從句還可以用短語(yǔ)：since three years ago(自三年前以來(lái))表示。)8 till /until 都可以作連詞，連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，也可以作介詞，與其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。They walked till /until it was dark.Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.9.by the time 到......為止(所在句子的主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去完成時(shí))By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.By the time I got to school, the class had already began.一.由when, while, as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：

When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.當(dāng)你以為自己一無(wú)所知的時(shí)候，你就是在開(kāi)始知道一些事物了。

When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.當(dāng)真理被埋在地下的時(shí)候，它在生長(zhǎng)，它感到壓抑，它蓄存著這么一種爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就會(huì)炸破一切！

Strike while the iron is hot.趁熱打鐵。

Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim.我游泳的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)你照看一下我的衣服。

You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it.當(dāng)你的手在空氣中揮動(dòng)的時(shí)候，你就能感覺(jué)到空氣在流動(dòng)。

Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我們的校長(zhǎng)邊談邊笑。a.when, while和as的區(qū)別

when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。并且when有時(shí)表示“就在那時(shí)”。When she came in, I was eating.(瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞)When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.（延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞）

While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作必須是延續(xù)性的，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生（或者相對(duì)應(yīng)）。并且while有時(shí)還可以表示對(duì)比。例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.(was reading是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，was reading和was watching同時(shí)發(fā)生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.（對(duì)比）

b, As表示“一邊??一邊”，as引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，一般用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后。例如：We always sing as we walk.（as表示“一邊??一邊”）As we was going out, it began to snow.（as強(qiáng)調(diào)句中兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)開(kāi)始下雪的特定時(shí)間）

c, as when while的辨析

as when while都表示主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，三者差異如下： 表示“一邊。。一邊“的意思

as 強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，并表示對(duì)比時(shí) 用于發(fā)生時(shí)間較段時(shí) d when

1、還可以表示從句動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作在主幾句動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作”之前 “或”之后“發(fā)生。

2、when=and then;at that moment(正在那個(gè)時(shí)候)3.常用于常見(jiàn)搭配中 e while

1、用于時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)時(shí)

2、強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，并表示對(duì)比時(shí) 有時(shí)這三個(gè)連詞可以互換，有時(shí)不可以。

lt was raining hard when(as)I got there.(動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，when可換為as, 但不能換為while，因?yàn)間et是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞.)When I had read the article, he called me.(從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，注意時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)，只能用when)When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.(從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意時(shí)態(tài))He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.(此時(shí)不能放在句首。主句動(dòng)詞一般表達(dá) “正在” “即將”.while, as不能代替

She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.(表轉(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比，when, as都不能代替它)While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.(表示主句，從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，while后引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞不能是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗硎据^長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as(when/ while)father was away.(此時(shí)as ,when, while可通用)二.由before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

注意before引導(dǎo)的從句不再用否定式的謂語(yǔ)，并且當(dāng)before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時(shí)譯成“就，才”。還要注意主句和從句之間的時(shí)間關(guān)系。當(dāng)主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時(shí)；如果before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)用的是過(guò)去時(shí)，則主句動(dòng)詞多用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，這樣以便體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后。After表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。主句和從句的動(dòng)作的時(shí)間關(guān)系正好與before引導(dǎo)的從句相反。例如：

It will be four days before they come back.Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.They had not been married four months before they were divorced.After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.After we had finished the work, we went home.（從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）

三.由till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。例如：

I didn't go to bed until（till）my father came back.直到我父親回來(lái)我才上床睡覺(jué)。It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散會(huì)之后他才開(kāi)始教我英語(yǔ)。

I worked until he came back.我工作到他回來(lái)為止。I didn't work until he came back.他回來(lái)我這才開(kāi)始工作。Please wait until I arrived.在我到達(dá)之前請(qǐng)等我。四.由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。一般情況下，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在It is +時(shí)間+since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：

I have been in Beijing since you left.Where have you been since I last saw you?

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我們老板離開(kāi)北京有五個(gè)月了。五 知識(shí)擴(kuò)展

1.It is since從。。以來(lái)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了(因?yàn)閟ince +從句或名詞，表示一段時(shí)間)It is five years since we met last time.從我們上次見(jiàn)面已經(jīng)五年了。2.It is +before?(。。才)It was a long time before I went to sleep again.It was an hour before(=until)the police arrived.3.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。這些連詞都表示“一??就”。例如：

I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.吃完早飯，我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一聽(tīng)到消息，馬上趕到了出事地點(diǎn)。

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.我一到加拿大，就給你來(lái)電話。【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)?when / before, no sooner?than相當(dāng)于as soon as之意。主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。當(dāng)hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首時(shí)，主句應(yīng)用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如：

He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.他剛到家，就被邀請(qǐng)開(kāi)始另一旅程。

No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太陽(yáng)剛從地平線上升起，他就起床勞動(dòng)去了。

Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我剛坐下，他就進(jìn)來(lái)了。

He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.這個(gè)阿拉伯人剛要入睡就感到肩膀上被輕輕一觸。

六.由by the time引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化：在一般情況下，如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。例如： By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回來(lái)時(shí)，我已經(jīng)寫(xiě)完這本書(shū)了。

By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.你明天來(lái)這兒的時(shí)候，我將已經(jīng)完成此工作了。

七 由each time, every time和whenever引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：

Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me.他每次來(lái)哈爾濱，總是來(lái)看我。Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每當(dāng)那個(gè)人說(shuō)“說(shuō)實(shí)在話”的時(shí)候，我猜想他就要說(shuō)謊了。

You grow younger every time I see you.每次遇到你，見(jiàn)你更年輕了。

八.由as long as和so long as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。這兩個(gè)連詞表示“有多久??就多久”。例如：

You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark.你可以隨意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回來(lái)就行。

I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body!只要我一息尚存，我就要反對(duì)這種境況。

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

一 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句(adverbial clause of place)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導(dǎo)，已經(jīng)形成了固定的句型，要點(diǎn): 由連詞where和復(fù)合關(guān)系詞wherever(=no matter where)引導(dǎo).例如：

句型1：Where+地點(diǎn)從句，（there）+主句。

【注意】此句型通常譯成“哪里??哪里就??”；主句在從句后面時(shí)，there可用可不用；如果主句在從句的前面時(shí)，一般都不用there。例如：

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在沒(méi)有雨水的地方，耕作是困難的，或根本不可能的。

They were good persons.Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.他們都是好人。因此他們走到哪里都受到熱烈歡迎。

You should have put the book where you found it.你本來(lái)應(yīng)該把書(shū)放回原來(lái)的地方。Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨，哪里人民得解放。

句型2：Anywhere/ wherever+地點(diǎn)從句，+主句。

【注意】anywhere本身是個(gè)副詞，但是，常可以引導(dǎo)從句，相當(dāng)于連詞，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是個(gè)連詞，表示“在何處，無(wú)論何處”。例如：

Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海員。二 知識(shí)擴(kuò)展

1.Where there is a will , there is a way.有志者事竟成。(諺語(yǔ))1.It will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled.他將是一所混合式學(xué)校，那里的兒童并不都是殘疾。(在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中對(duì)先行詞起著限定作用。)2.Wherever you go , I go too.無(wú)論你到什么地方，我都去。(wherever=no matter where)無(wú)論何處，多用于句首。3.Wherever there is smoke , there is fire.無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪。(諺語(yǔ))4.While she was wondering where to go , she met a policeman.疑問(wèn)副詞where后跟不定式,構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ).條件狀語(yǔ)從句

要點(diǎn)： 表示狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞if, unless(=if not)意思為除非引導(dǎo)。(讓步)1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨, 我們就去遠(yuǎn)足.2.You will get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí),就會(huì)取得好成績(jī).3.I won't/ will not go to the party unless he goes there too.我不會(huì)去參加聚會(huì)的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.如果你不馬上走,你將會(huì)遲到的.(=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)難點(diǎn)提示：用條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要注意時(shí)態(tài)的正確使用,當(dāng)主句是將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).lHe will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.一般將來(lái)時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

lThey are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.一般將來(lái)時(shí), 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 原因狀語(yǔ)從句

要點(diǎn): 由連詞because, since, as引導(dǎo), 也可由for, now that 等詞引導(dǎo) 目的、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

要點(diǎn)： 目的狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞that, so that, so?that , in order that 引導(dǎo)。結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞(so)that, so?that, such?that, so much/many?that引導(dǎo)。1.so?that 如此?以至于 2.so that 以至于, 以便于

I opened the window so that fresh air might come in.(目的)我把窗戶打開(kāi)以便于使新鮮空氣可以進(jìn)來(lái)。3.such?that 如此。。以至

It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.天氣是如此的好，我們大家都想去公園玩。4.in order that=so that:為了

We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.不久我們將會(huì)讓你知道詳情,以便你們能夠做出安排。(目的)5.比較：so和 such 其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配。

so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money.such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people（so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。）

so?that與such?that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school 難點(diǎn)

+形容詞或副詞 +形+a(an)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

so +many 或few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +that +much或 little+不可數(shù)名詞

so that ,such?that 都可以in order that兩者皆可引導(dǎo)目的地狀語(yǔ)從句和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)他們引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。

so +adj或adv.+ that，such +n.+ that 以上兩種句型都表示結(jié)果,其中so為副詞,后接形容詞，副詞原型，當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞前有many, few；不可數(shù)名詞前有much, little修飾時(shí)，應(yīng)采用句型：so many(few, much, little)+n.。such為形容詞, 后只能接名詞。這名詞既可以地可數(shù)的，也可以是不可數(shù)的。如果這名詞是可數(shù)的,則必須在名詞前加不定冠詞a(an).常見(jiàn)的形式是:such a(beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.1。I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.2。there are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any.3。It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk.4。Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.(=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.)5。The weather is so nice that I’d like to take a walk.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

要點(diǎn): 表示讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞 though, although引導(dǎo).難點(diǎn)：

though, although當(dāng)雖然講, 都不能和but連用.Although,(though)?but的格式是不對(duì)的.但是他們都可以同yet(still)連用.所以thought(although)?yet(still)的格式是正確的.Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.雖然他很富有, 然而他并不快樂(lè).although, though 辨析

although 不能though 那樣用作副詞, 放在句末表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)要用even though.1。He is looking fit, though.2。Even though I did not understand a word, I kept smiling.3。He is quite experienced, he is young, though.2)as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句

as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。

Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.【注意】a.句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。

b.句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems? 雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。c ever if, even though.即使

We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.d whether?or-不管??都

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.e ”no matter +疑問(wèn)詞“ 或”疑問(wèn)詞+后綴ever“ No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替換：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。（錯(cuò)）No matter what you say is of no use now.（對(duì)）Whatever you say is of no use now.你現(xiàn)在說(shuō)什么也沒(méi)用了。(Whatever you say是主語(yǔ)從句)（錯(cuò)）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,（對(duì)）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given.囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么。比較狀語(yǔ)從句

要點(diǎn)：比較狀語(yǔ)從句主要運(yùn)用于形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，比較級(jí)及最高級(jí)的句子之中。原級(jí)

1.as?as 和。。一樣 Jack is as tall as Bob.捷克和湯姆一樣高。2.not so(as)?as ?和不一樣

She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.她不如她姐姐外向。比較級(jí)

more?than(更)This book is more instructive than that one.這本書(shū)比那本書(shū)由教育意義。最高級(jí)

1.The most?in/of This book is the most interesting of the three.這本書(shū)是三本中最有趣的。2.the + 形容詞+est?of/in This road is the busiest street in our city.知識(shí)擴(kuò)展

no more than只不過(guò)(嫌少的意思)1。I have no more than two pens.2。It’s no more than a mile to the shops.not more than不如。。；(前者不如后者)1。Jack is not more diligent than John.2。one of the + 名詞(復(fù)數(shù))?.之一(用于最高級(jí))She is one of the best students in our school.方式狀語(yǔ)從句

1）方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常由as,(just)as?so?, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。

as,(just)as?so?引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as?so?結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是”正如?“，”就像“，多用于正式文體，例如：

1。Always do to the others as you would be done by.2。As water is to fish, so air is to man.3。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.2）as if, as though 兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示所說(shuō)情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作”仿佛??似的“，”好像??似的"，例如：

1。They completely ignore these facts as if(as though)they never existed.2。He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting.3。It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.[說(shuō)明]as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)或無(wú)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，例如： 1。He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.2。He cleared his throat as if to say something.3。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.