第一篇：語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題-----動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),被動(dòng)語態(tài)

語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題-----動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，被動(dòng)語態(tài) 一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。

2.主句是一般將來時(shí),時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如：

I′ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won′t go there.3.在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來了。Here she comes.她來了。

二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

2.表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來看我。3.代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，描繪更加生動(dòng)。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。The sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。

4.大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，但也有些動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。常見的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget，believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1.表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示從過去開始，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for?”, “since?”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：

1）用兩種時(shí)態(tài)來表述發(fā)生在過去的某一動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，而一般過去時(shí)只表達(dá)過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在關(guān)系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It′s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改為cleaned.一是因?yàn)閏leaned與現(xiàn)狀無關(guān)，二是因?yàn)橐话氵^去時(shí)不可突然跳到It′s?這樣的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。)

2）漢語中的“了”、“過”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達(dá)，如：I have seen that film.（我看過那部電影了。）但是如果是在特定的過去時(shí)間“看了”、“做過”，就不可用完成時(shí)而必須用一般過去進(jìn)來表達(dá)。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么時(shí)候看了那部電影？我昨天看的。)不能說：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：

——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.短暫動(dòng)詞（即瞬間動(dòng)詞），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如不能說：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時(shí)了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延續(xù)法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.用來表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動(dòng)作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.2.凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。五、一般過去時(shí)

表達(dá)特定的過去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為。

六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這一過去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示動(dòng)作在另一過去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行。例如：They were still working when I left.3.用在兩個(gè)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示過去將來動(dòng)作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.七、過去完成時(shí)

1.表示在過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去時(shí)刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)來表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般將來時(shí)

一般將來時(shí)表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式： 1.will/shall do（側(cè)重將來行為，不突出計(jì)劃安排去做某事）2.be going to do(主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生)

3.be doing(按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生，常和表示最近的將來時(shí)間連用)4.be about to do(按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生)

九、將來完成時(shí)

用來表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻（前）將完成的動(dòng)作。常和by短語，when,before引起的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析

1．——Can I join your club,dad?

——You can when you______a bit older.(NMET)

A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got 析：“You can”是將來意，when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來所以此題答案為A.2．——Oh,it’s you!I______you.——I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.A.didn’t recognize B.hadn’t recognized C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize

析：從“Oh,it’s you!”可知說話時(shí)已認(rèn)出對(duì)方。“沒有認(rèn)出”是在此之前為過去情況，所以應(yīng)選A.3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space.(NMET)A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared

析：在空白處應(yīng)選一個(gè)與“saw”相配，能解釋Jim didn’t see me 這一原因的選項(xiàng)，只有著眼于A、B。若選A不能體觀他“當(dāng)時(shí)正在做”某事，故排除A而選B。這樣因?yàn)椤八谕钪嫣炜铡彼浴拔纯吹轿摇薄?.——______my glasses?

——Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.(NMET)

A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen 析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表過去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，問話人以這樣的時(shí)態(tài)發(fā)問可作現(xiàn)焦急的心情。故答案為D。

5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times.(NMET)A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 析：答案B。道理同4。

6.——Do you know our town at all?

——No,this is the first time I______here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am going 析：根據(jù)this/it is the first/second/?time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案為B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives.(NMET)A.just help out B.have just helped out C.am just helping out D.will just help out 析：根據(jù)I don′t really work here.以及?until the new secretary arrives,可知說話人所要做的事是計(jì)劃安排行為，C、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都表將來動(dòng)作，但D非計(jì)劃安排，C則體現(xiàn)按計(jì)劃去做，所以此題答案為C。8.——Is this raincoat yours?

——No, mine______ there behind the door.(NMET)A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung

析：此題的“懸掛”是指現(xiàn)狀而言，故表過去“掛”的B、D項(xiàng)可排除。C項(xiàng)雖指“現(xiàn)在掛”，但側(cè)重在常規(guī)，習(xí)慣。為了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正掛在門后”這一意思，選A是極為合情理的。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)

一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句型

1.常見句式是：主語（受動(dòng)者）＋be＋過去分詞＋（by＋施動(dòng)者）

例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.2.主語＋get＋過去分詞＋其它成分 例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有“by＋施動(dòng)者”

3.帶有雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)閯?dòng)句，其主語可以是直接賓語，也可以是間接賓語。例如：She lent me a bike.?被動(dòng)：1）I was lent a bike(by her).2）A bike was lent to me(by her).4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞

例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.5.雙重被動(dòng)式：主語＋被動(dòng)式謂語＋不定式的被動(dòng)式＋其它成分

例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的幾種情況

1.不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見動(dòng)詞是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.這把刀好切。These books sell well.這些書好賣。The pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來流暢。Meat won′t keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長(zhǎng)久。The cloth washes well.這種布好洗。

2.一些連系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式＋形容詞。常見動(dòng)look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被動(dòng)式，如：His answer(was)proved right.3.不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。常見形容詞有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比較：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.沒有形容詞時(shí)，雖然不定式與主語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但必須用被動(dòng)式。

三、容易誤用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況：

1.I teach myself French.不可變?yōu)镸yself is taught French.因?yàn)榉瓷泶~不可作主語。

2.We help each other/one another.不可變?yōu)镋ach other/One another is helped by us.因?yàn)橄嗷ゴ~不可作主語。

3.He lost heart.不可變?yōu)镠eart was lost by him.因?yàn)橄髄ose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought這類動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)的固定短語只能用于主動(dòng)式，不能用被動(dòng)式。

4.She took part in the sports meet.不能變?yōu)門he sports meet was taken part in by her.因?yàn)橄髏ake part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析

1.I need one more stamp before my collection______.(NMET)

A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed

析：complete是及物動(dòng)詞，“郵集”是被人完成的，須從表被動(dòng)意的C、D中選擇。又因before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中謂語要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，所以此題答案為D。

2.——Do you like the material?

——Yes,it______very soft.(NMET)

A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt

析：觀察題干，空白線后無賓語，可知feel是不及物動(dòng)詞，表“（某物）摸起來?”意思,是連系動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)式，也不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)此題對(duì)話情景，是指某種材料的常規(guī)特性，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不能用過去時(shí)，故答案為C。feel作“感覺”、“認(rèn)為”、“摸”等意時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，可帶賓語，有時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)等變化。

3．Great changes______ in the city, and a lot of factories______.(NMET)A.have been taken place?have been set up B.have taken place?have been set up C.have taken place?have set up D.were taken place?were set up

析：take place（發(fā)生）是不及物動(dòng)詞，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物動(dòng)詞，在此題中應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)式，故排除C，答案為B。4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.(NMET)A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 析：首先可排除B。因?yàn)樗槐硎尽氨谎?qǐng)”。又因D項(xiàng)少引導(dǎo)詞who，也應(yīng)排除。A項(xiàng)＝who were invited,C項(xiàng)＝who were being invited,由象invite這類短暫動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式不可作后置定語，故也應(yīng)排除。因而可定答案為A。5.I don′t know the restaurant,but it′s______to be quite a good one.(NMET)A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked

析：根據(jù)“某人/某物據(jù)說?”英文句式為“sb/sth.is said?”可定答案為A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.據(jù)說他是一個(gè)聰明的男孩。6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.(NMET)A.has broken into?has been stolen B.has broken into?had been stolen C.has been broken into?stolen D.had been broken into?stolen 析：“房屋被人闖入”，“東西被偷”都是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故可排除A、B。因C項(xiàng)中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，則答案只能是D。7.I promise that the matter will______.(NMET)

A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of 析：take care of?是固定短語，若無of則不可帶賓語，只能跟that從句。所以此題答案為B。

8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.(NMET)

A.are not kept?will have to B.are not kept?have to C.do not keep?will have to D.do not keep?have to

析：觀察題干，第一處必須用被動(dòng)式，答案只能在A、B中選一。條件句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句應(yīng)為一般將來時(shí)，故答案為A。

9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET)

A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing

析；要表達(dá)“被舉行”，只能在B、C中選。B意“將要首次舉行”。顯然不合in 776 BC這一過去時(shí)間，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案為C。

10.This sentence needs______.A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved 析：初看此題似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音開頭詞，其前要用an,故排除。need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，和require,want一樣，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被?”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(這扇門需要漆一下。)11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.A.am not B.haven′t been C.was not D.will not be

析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn′t possible.由于這種句式表示“過去想”，所以but后的句子也應(yīng)該是過去時(shí)態(tài)與之相配合，故此題答案是C。12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?

——No,It is still in my pocket.A.Is?being given B.Was?given C.Has?been given D.Hasn′t?been given 析：根據(jù)問句與答句，問話人顯然是注重結(jié)果，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。似乎D作為反詰句“難道條還沒給史密斯先生嗎？”也成立，但若是這種口氣發(fā)問，答話人就應(yīng)答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此題答案應(yīng)為C。13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.A.say B.said C.to say D.be said

析：It was said that?可以改為We heard it said that?(都表示“據(jù)說?”之意)。前一種說法中It 是形式主語，后一種說法中it是形式賓語。故此題答案為B。

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)專練

1.The maths problem can be______.A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out C.easily worked out D.easily to work out

2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried 3.The girl is to______a rich man.A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to 4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read

5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party?

A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited

6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.(NMET)A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given 7.——Will somebody go and get Dr.White?

——He′s already been______.(NMET)

A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for

8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed 9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided

10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found 11.I don′t want anything______about it.A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said 12.——______that the sports meet might be put off.——Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.I′ve been told B.I′ve told C.I′m told D.I told

13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.(NMET)A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said

15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.A.said B.says C.is said D.was said 16.——What do you think of the book?

——Oh,excellent.It′s worth______a second time.(NMET)A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read

17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.(NMET)A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.(NMET)A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given 19.——where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.——I______it right here but now it’s gone.A.did you put;have put B.have you put;put

C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put 20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies 21.How long______the English party______?

A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted 22.What______you______this time next Friday?

A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing 23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung 24.It______and the streets were still wet.A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain 25.The book____on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying 26.We______there when it______to rain.A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began C.had got;had begun D.would get;began

27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.A.should have studied B.were going to study C.have studied D.should study

28.——she told me she had met you in London last year.——______you______her since?

A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen 29.——When______again?

——When he______,I’ll let you know.A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come C.he comes;comes D.will he come;comes 30.Tom______for more than a week.A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away 31.——What happened to her teeth?

——She______the apple more than she could chew.A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites

32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.A.finishing writing B.to finish writing C.having written D.to have written

33.——You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?

——But I______that you______me to start at once.A.don’t realize;want B.don’t realize;wanted C.haven’t realized;want D.didn’t realize;wanted 34.——I missed the lecture last night.——Oh,what a pity!I wish______.A.you heared it B.you had heard it

C.you never heard it D.you hadn’t heard it

35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished 36.——Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.——It’s 9586442.(NMET)

A.didn’t B.couldn’t C.don’t D.can’t 37.——I’m sorry to keep you waiting.——Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be

38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten

C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten

39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving(NMET)

40.——Who is Jerry Cooper?

——______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.(NMET)A.Don’t you meet him yet B.Hadn’t you met him yet C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet 41.——We could have walked to the station.It was so near.——Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.(NMET)

A.wasn’t B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.won’t be

42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her?(NEMT)

A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened 43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.(NMET)

A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy

44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.(NMET)A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell

45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had 46.I______the time______so quickly.A.didn’t realize;had passed B.don’t realize;passed

C.haven’t realized;passed D.hadn’t realized;had passed

47.——My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late.——Let’s hurry up.A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells

48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.(NMET)

A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come 49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.(NMET)

A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost 50.——Jane has just arrived.——I didn’t know she______.A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)專練答案

1－5 C A D D C 6－10 B B C A D 11－15 B A A C C 16－20 C A A B A

21－25 B D D A D 26－30 B A D D D 31－35 B D D B D 36－40 A A B B D

41－45 A C A B D 46－50 A B C B B

第二篇：河南專升本考試英語語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題——?jiǎng)釉~時(shí)態(tài),被動(dòng)語態(tài)

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。

2.主句是一般將來時(shí),時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如：

I’ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.3.在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來了。Here she comes.她來了。

二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

2.表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來看我。

3.代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，描繪更加生動(dòng)。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。The sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。

4.大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，但也有些動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。常見的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget, believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1.表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示從過去開始，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別： 1）用兩種時(shí)態(tài)來表述發(fā)生在過去的某一動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，而一般過去時(shí)只表達(dá)過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在關(guān)系不 大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改為cleaned.一是因?yàn)閏leaned與現(xiàn)狀無關(guān)，二是因?yàn)橐话氵^去時(shí)不可突然跳到It’s…這樣的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。)2）漢語中的“了”、“過”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達(dá)，如：I have seen that film.（我看過那部電影了。）但是如果是在特定的過去時(shí)間“看了”、“做過”，就不可用完成時(shí)而必須用一般過去進(jìn)來表達(dá)。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么時(shí)候看了那部電影？我昨天看的。)不能說：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：

——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.短暫動(dòng)詞（即瞬間動(dòng)詞），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry，finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如不能說：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時(shí)了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延續(xù)法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.用來表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動(dòng)作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.2.凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。五、一般過去時(shí)

表達(dá)特定的過去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為。

六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這一過去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示動(dòng)作在另一過去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行。例如：They were still working when I left.3.用在兩個(gè)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示過去將來動(dòng)作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.七、過去完成時(shí)

1.表示在過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去時(shí)刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)來表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般將來時(shí)

一般將來時(shí)表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式：

1.will/shall do（側(cè)重將來行為，不突出計(jì)劃安排去做某事）

2.be going to do(主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生)

3.be doing(按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生，常和表示最近的將來時(shí)間連用)

4.be about to do(按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生)

九、將來完成時(shí)

用來表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻（前）將完成的動(dòng)作。常和by短語，when,before引起的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析

1．——Can I join your club,dad?

——You can when you______a bit older.A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got 析：“You can”是將來意，when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來所以此題答案為A.2．——Oh,it’s you!I______you.——I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.A.didn’t recognize

B.hadn’t recognized

C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize

析：從“Oh,it’s you!”可知說話時(shí)已認(rèn)出對(duì)方。“沒有認(rèn)出”是在此之前為過去情況，所以應(yīng)選A.3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space.A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared 析：在空白處應(yīng)選一個(gè)與“saw”相配，能解釋Jim didn’t see me 這一原因的選項(xiàng)，只有著眼于A、B。若選A不能體觀他“當(dāng)時(shí)正在做”某事，故排除A而選B。這樣因?yàn)椤八谕钪嫣炜铡彼浴拔纯吹轿摇薄?.——______my glasses? ——Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen 析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表過去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，問話人以這樣的時(shí)態(tài)發(fā)問可作現(xiàn)焦急的心情。故答案為D。

5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 析：答案B。道理同4。

6.——Do you know our town at all? ——No,this is the first time I______here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am going 析：根據(jù)this/it is the first/second/…time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案為B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives.A.just help out

B.have just helped out

C.am just helping out D.will just help out

析：根據(jù)I don’t really work here.以及…until the new secretary arrives,可知說話人所要做的事是計(jì)劃安排行為，C、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都表將來動(dòng)作，但D非計(jì)劃安排，C則體現(xiàn)按計(jì)劃去做，所以此題答案為C。

8.——Is this raincoat yours? ——No,mine______there behind the door.A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung 析：此題的“懸掛”是指現(xiàn)狀而言，故表過去“掛”的B、D項(xiàng)可排除。C項(xiàng)雖指“現(xiàn)在掛”，但側(cè)重在常規(guī)，習(xí)慣。為了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正掛在門后”這一意思，選A是極為合情理的。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)

一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句型

1.常見句式是：主語（受動(dòng)者）＋be＋過去分詞＋（by＋施動(dòng)者）

例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.2.主語＋get＋過去分詞＋其它成分

例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有“by＋施動(dòng)者”

被動(dòng)：1）I was lent a bike(by her).?

3.帶有雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)閯?dòng)句，其主語可以是直接賓語，也可以是間接賓語。例如：She lent me a bike.2）A bike was lent to me(by her).4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞

例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.5.雙重被動(dòng)式：主語＋被動(dòng)式謂語＋不定式的被動(dòng)式＋其它成分

例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的幾種情況

1.不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見動(dòng)詞 是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.這把刀好切。These books sell well.這些書好賣。The pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來流暢。Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長(zhǎng)久。The cloth washes well.這種布好洗。

2.一些連系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式＋形容詞。常見動(dòng)look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被動(dòng)式，如：His answer(was)proved right.3.不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。常見形容詞 有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比較：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.沒有形容詞時(shí)，雖然不定式與主語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但必須用被動(dòng)式。

三、容易誤用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況：

1.I teach myself French.不可變?yōu)镸yself is taught French.因?yàn)榉瓷泶~不可作主語。

2.We help each other/one another.不可變?yōu)镋ach other/One another is helped by us.因?yàn)橄嗷ゴ~不可作主語。

3.He lost heart.不可變?yōu)镠eart was lost by him.因?yàn)橄髄ose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought這類動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)的固定短語只能用于主動(dòng)式，不能用被動(dòng)式。

4.She took part in the sports meet.不能變?yōu)門he sports meet was taken part in by her.因?yàn)橄髏ake part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析

1.I need one more stamp before my collection______.A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed 析：complete是及物動(dòng)詞，“郵集”是被人完成的，須從表被動(dòng)意的C、D中選擇。又因before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中謂語要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，所以此題答案為D。2.——Do you like the material?

——Yes,it______very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt 析：觀察題干，空白線后無賓語，可知feel是不及物動(dòng)詞，表“（某物）摸起來…”意思,是連系動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)式，也不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)此題對(duì)話情景，是指某種材料的常規(guī)特性，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不能用過去時(shí)，故答案為C。feel作“感覺”、“認(rèn)為”、“摸”等意時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，可帶賓語，有時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)等 變化。

3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______.A.have been taken place…h(huán)ave been set up

B.have taken place…h(huán)ave been set up

C.have taken place…h(huán)ave set up

D.were taken place…were set up

析：take place（發(fā)生）是不及物動(dòng)詞，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物動(dòng)詞，在此題中應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)式，故排除C，答案為B。4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 析：首先可排除B。因?yàn)樗槐硎尽氨谎?qǐng)”。又因D項(xiàng)少引導(dǎo)詞who，也應(yīng)排除。A項(xiàng)＝who were invited,C項(xiàng)＝who were being invited,由象invite這類短暫動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式不可作后置定語，故也應(yīng)排除。因而可定答案為A。

5.I don’t know the restaurant,but it’s______to be quite a good one.A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked 析：根據(jù)“某人/某物據(jù)說…”英文句式為“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案為A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.據(jù)說他是一個(gè)聰明的男孩。

6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.A.has broken into…h(huán)as been stolen B.has broken into…h(huán)ad been stolen

C.has been broken into…stolen

D.had been broken into…stolen 析：“房屋被人闖入”，“東西被偷”都是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故可排除A、B。因C項(xiàng)中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，則答案只能是D。7.I promise that the matter will______.A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of 析：take care of…是固定短語，若無of則不可帶賓語，只能跟that從句。所以此題答案為B。8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept…will have to

B.are not kept…h(huán)ave to

C.do not keep…will have to

D.do not keep…h(huán)ave to

析：觀察題干，第一處必須用被動(dòng)式，答案只能在A、B中選一。條件句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句應(yīng)為一般將來時(shí)，故答案為A。

9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 析；要表達(dá)“被舉行”，只能在B、C中選。B意“將要首次舉行”。顯然不合in 776 BC這一過去時(shí)間，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案為C。10.This sentence needs______.A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved 析：初看此題似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音開頭詞，其前要用an,故排除。need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，和require,want一樣，后面 可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(這扇門需要漆一下。)11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.A.am not B.haven’t been

C.was not D.will not be 析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn’t possible.由于這種句式表示“過去想”，所以but后的句子也應(yīng)該是過去時(shí)態(tài)與之相配合，故此題答案是C。

12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?

——No,It is still in my pocket.A.Is…being given B.Was…given C.Has…been given D.Hasn’t…been given

析：根據(jù)問句與答句，問話人顯然是注重結(jié)果，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。似乎D作為反詰句“難道條還沒給史密斯先生嗎？”也成立，但若是這種口氣發(fā)問，答話人就應(yīng)答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此題答案應(yīng)為C。

13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.A.say B.said C.to say D.be said 析：It was said that…可以改為We heard it said that…(都表示“據(jù)說…”之意)。前一種說法中It 是形式主語，后一種說法中it是形式賓語。故此題答案為B。

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)專練

1.The maths problem can be______.A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out C.easily worked out D.easily to work out 2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried 3.The girl is to______a rich man.A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to 4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read 5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party? A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited 6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given 7.——Will somebody go and get Dr.White? ——He’s already been______.A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for 8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed 9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found 11.I don’t want anything______about it.A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said 12.——______that the sports meet might be put off.——Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.I’ve been told

B.I’ve told

C.I’m told

D.I told 13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said 15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.A.said B.says C.is said D.was said 16.——What do you think of the book?

——Oh,excellent.It’s worth______a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read 17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given

19.——where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.——I______it right here but now it’s gone.A.did you put;have put

B.have you put;put C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put 20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies 21.How long______the English party______? A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted 22.What______you______this time next Friday? A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing 23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung 24.It______and the streets were still wet.A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain 25.The book______on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying 26.We______there when it______to rain.A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began C.had got;had begun

D.would get;began 27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.A.should have studied B.were going to study C.have studied

D.should study 28.——she told me she had met you in London last year.——______you______her since? A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen 29.——When______again?

——When he______,I’ll let you know.A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come C.he comes;comes

D.will he come;comes 30.Tom______for more than a week.A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away 31.——What happened to her teeth?

——She______the apple more than she could chew.A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites 32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.A.finishing writing B.to finish writing

C.having written

D.to have written 33.——You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?

——But I______that you______me to start at once.A.don’t realize;want

B.don’t realize;wanted

C.haven’t realized;want

D.didn’t realize;wanted 34.——I missed the lecture last night.——Oh,what a pity!I wish______.A.you heared it

B.you had heard it

C.you never heard it

D.you hadn’t heard it

35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished 36.——Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.——It’s 9586442.A.didn’t

B.couldn’t

C.don’t

D.can’t 37.——I’m sorry to keep you waiting.——Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be 38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten

B.spoke;have forgotten

C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten 39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving 40.——Who is Jerry Cooper?

——______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A.Don’t you meet him yet

B.Hadn’t you met him yet

C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet 41.——We could have walked to the station.It was so near.——Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.A.wasn’t

B.hadn’t been

C.wouldn’t be

D.won’t be

42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her? A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened 43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy 44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.A.read;was falling

B.was reading;fell

C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell 45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had 46.I______the time______so quickly.A.didn’t realize;had passed

B.don’t realize;passed

C.haven’t realized;passed

D.hadn’t realized;had passed

47.——My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late.——Let’s hurry up.A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells 48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come 49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost 50.——Jane has just arrived.——I didn’t know she______.A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)專練答案

1－5 C A D D C 6－10 B B C A D 21－25 B D D A D 26－30 B A D D D 41－45 A C A B D 46－50 A B C B B

－15 B A A C C 16－20 C A A B A 31－35 B D D B D 36－40 A A B B D 11

第三篇：動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)

動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)

一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)填空

1.When _____ the first man-made satellite _______（send）up into space ?

2.Last year vegetables ______（grow）in the garden by Tom and he ______（sell）

them himself.3.She ______（help）him with his homework tomorrow evening.4.How many magazines ______（can borrow）in your library every week ?

5.John ______（hear）to go upstairs two hours ago.6.－Who ______（save）her father ?

－He ______（save）by that policeman.7.The doctor ______（send for）because his grandpa was ill.8.Mooncakes ______（make）by his mother every year.______ your mother _____（make）mooncakes for you every year ?

9.Some toys ______（buy）as a presents for these children last Monday.10._____ paper ______（make）of wood ?

11.I began ___________（educate）when I was six.12.I don’t imagine you’ll refuse ___________（promote）, will you?

13.They allowed him __________（admit）.14.You car engine sounds dreadful.You ought to have it ___________.（look at）

15.These days, even the most remote place area on earth ___________（visit）by tourists.Package tours ___________（can arrange）for almost anywhere, from the Himalayas(喜馬拉雅山脈)and the Amazonian jungle(亞馬遜雨林).二、把下列句子改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)They owe a lot of money to the bank.______________________________________________________________ 2 The scientists have proved that there is no life on the moon.______________________________________________________________ 3 You can buy videos like this one anywhere.______________________________________________________________ 4 Someone has to write the history of the European Community one day.______________________________________________________________ 5 Someone may have already written the history of the European Community.______________________________________________________________When we arrived home, we found that someone had broken one of our windows.1

______________________________________________________________ 7 The Greens have sold their car to pay their debts.______________________________________________________________ 8 They hold a meeting in the village hall once a week.______________________________________________________________ 9 The investors are building a new supermarket near the cinema.______________________________________________________________ 10 They are taking the refugees to a camp outside the village

______________________________________________________________

三、改錯(cuò)

1.After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment damaged.2.I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard.Has it all finished.3.More patients had been treated in hospital this year than last year.4.The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945，and their power is increased enormously ever since.5.According to the art dealer, the painting expected to go for at least a million dollars.6.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only to tell the film stars had left.7.When comparing with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.8.The flu is believed being caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.9.When first being introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success.10.Hundreds of jobs will lose if the factory closes.11.A new cinema is built here.They hope to finish it next month.12.Rainforests had been cut and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in near future.13.The story was happened in London.四、漢譯英。

1.這種裙子到處都看得到。

This style of dress _________ ________ ________ everywhere.2.窗子已經(jīng)關(guān)了。

The windows _________ _________ __________.3.我認(rèn)為青少年應(yīng)該多做運(yùn)動(dòng)。

I think teenagers _________ _________ __________ ________

4.昨天有人聽到你因?yàn)闆]考好哭了。

You ________ ________ _____ yesterday because you failed the exam.5.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將在下周召開。

The sports meeting _________ _________ _______ next week.這座宮殿建于1875年。

The palace ___________ _________ __________ 1875.足球?qū)⒈荣愂裁磿r(shí)候舉行？

When __________ the football game __________ __________?你應(yīng)該自己做家庭作業(yè)。

Your homework _________ _________ _________ by _________.9這本書肯定是韓寒寫的The book _________ ________ __________ ________ Han Han.說漢語的人最多。

Chinese _________ _________ _________ most people in the world.據(jù)說，她能說幾種外國(guó)語。

_________________________________________________________________ 12 這個(gè)問題明天上午討論嗎？

_________________________________________________________________ 13 必須指出臺(tái)灣問題是中國(guó)的內(nèi)政（internal affairs）

_________________________________________________________________

五、語法填空

HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES

Lord Manners was a rich and famous banker.When he 1__________(die)recently, he 2__________(give)a magnificent funeral which 3__________(attend)by hundreds of famous people.The funeral was going to 4__________(hold)in Westminster Abby.Many ordinary people 5__________(line)the streets to watch the procession.The wonderful black and gold carriage 6__________(draw)by six black horses.The mourners 7__________(follow)in silence.Lord Manners8___________(given)a royal farewell.Tow tramps were among the crowd.They 9__________(watch)the procession with amazement.As solemn music 10_________(could hear)in the distance, one of them 11_________(turn)to the other and 12_________（whisper）

3admiration，’Now that’s what I call really living!’

六、完形填空

FISHY TALES

Mermaids（美人魚）1_____by sailors for centuries.The basis of all mermaid myths 2_____ to be a creature called a Manatee: a kind of walrus!Mermaids used 3_____ in funfairs until recently.It all began in 1817 when a ‘mermaid’ 4_____ for $6,000 by a sailor in the South Pacific.She was eventually sold to the great circus owner Barnum.She 5_____in 1842 as ‘the Feejee Mermaid’.It 6_____that she earned Barnum $ 1,000 a week!The thousands who saw this mermaid must 7_____.She 8_____ by a Japanese fisherman.A monkey’s head had been delicately（精美地）sewn(縫)to the tail（燕尾服）of a large salmon.The job 9_____ that the join between the fish and the monkey was invisible.Real imagination must 10_____ to see this revolting creature as a beautiful mermaid combing her golden hair.1.A.had been seenB.saw

C.have been seenD.was saw

2.A.supposeB.is supposed

C.had supposedD.have been supposed

3.A.to be shownB.to show

C.shownD.being shown

4.A.has been boughtB.bought

C.had been boughtD.was bought

5.A.has been exhibitedB.was exhibited

C.had been exhibitedD.exhibited

6.A.was saidB.said

C.has been saidD.had said

7.A.had been disappointedB.disappointed

C.have been disappointedD.were disappointed

8.A.was cleverly madeB.have been cleverly made

C.is cleverly madeD.was being cleverly made

9.A.was being so skillful doneB.have been so skillful done

C.is so skillful doneD.had been so skillful done

10.A.have requiredB.have been required

C.be requiredD.require

第四篇：低級(jí)語法動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)教案

第十一章 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)教案.教學(xué)日期：2017.5.19

15：00-17：00

Teacher: Elaine 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

一、學(xué)習(xí)者分析

這個(gè)班的學(xué)生的英語基礎(chǔ)比較低，對(duì)于語法的認(rèn)識(shí)可能是一無所知或者是模模糊糊，所以通過學(xué)習(xí)本節(jié)內(nèi)容，讓學(xué)生更系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)的使用。

二、教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析

1、本節(jié)的主要內(nèi)容及在本章中的地位

本節(jié)的主要內(nèi)容有時(shí)態(tài)的定義，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，（過去完成時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）過去完成時(shí)，從而再與之前所學(xué)的動(dòng)詞的基本形式的對(duì)比，讓學(xué)生理解動(dòng)詞的基本形式在動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)中的運(yùn)用，時(shí)態(tài)在語法中占非常重要的比例，在考試時(shí)也占據(jù)了重要比分。

本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容比較容易模棱兩可，時(shí)態(tài)太多，動(dòng)詞的基本形式難以區(qū)分。大多數(shù)學(xué)生學(xué)起來有一定難度，在教學(xué)中通過設(shè)疑提問，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生觀察、分析比較和歸納，使之逐步掌握動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)的相關(guān)知識(shí)。

2、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)

重點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)的定義，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

難點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞的基本形式在動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)中的靈活運(yùn)用，對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的一個(gè)區(qū)分。

三、教學(xué)目標(biāo) 【知識(shí)與技能】

1、理解時(shí)態(tài)的定義

2、掌握一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的定義，理解一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成，明白一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中動(dòng)詞的形式：動(dòng)詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)。

3、掌握一般將來時(shí)的定義，理解一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成，明白一般將來時(shí)中動(dòng)詞的形式：動(dòng)詞原形。

4、掌握一般過去時(shí)的定義，理解一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成，明白一般過去時(shí)中動(dòng)詞的形式：動(dòng)詞過去式。

5、掌握現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義，理解現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成，明白現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中動(dòng)詞的形式：動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。

6、掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義，理解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成，明白現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中動(dòng)詞的形式：動(dòng)詞過去分詞。【過程與方法】

1、通過讓學(xué)生觀察、比較，加深動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的語法使用。

2、通過做練習(xí)，能靈活的判斷各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，并理解各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)中動(dòng)詞的形式。

【情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀】

1、通過感受時(shí)態(tài)在語法中的重要作用，激發(fā)對(duì)語法學(xué)習(xí)

2、通過對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的學(xué)習(xí)，樹立主動(dòng)學(xué)以致用的意識(shí)。

四、教學(xué)策略選擇與設(shè)計(jì)

本節(jié)課將以教學(xué)大綱為依據(jù)，采用“教師為主導(dǎo)、學(xué)生為主體”的教學(xué)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)模式，在教學(xué)過程中，通過設(shè)疑提問，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自主發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，培養(yǎng)的學(xué)生主觀能動(dòng)性；最后，通過課堂練習(xí)，進(jìn)一步鞏固所學(xué)內(nèi)容知識(shí)，并對(duì)學(xué)生當(dāng)堂課學(xué)的情況進(jìn)行反饋和補(bǔ)充。

五、教學(xué)過程設(shè)計(jì)

Step 1 : Pre-task preparation 1.Greeting T: Hello,boys and girls.Ss:Hello,Elaine.T：How are you today? Ss:I am fine, thank you.T:OK,good, 2.Roll call T:Very good.next , let’s have a roll call, when I call your name, please hands up and say “here” OK? Ss:OK T:Let’s begain.(點(diǎn)名)（板書加分機(jī)制）

Step 2 : while-task procedure 1.Lead-in T:Do you remember what we have learned last week ? Ss:Yes

T:What have we leaned? Ss:verb./ 動(dòng)詞/ V.T:Wonderful!在講解動(dòng)詞時(shí)，我們重點(diǎn)講解了動(dòng)詞的形式，right？ Ss:Yes!T:OK, good!Who can tell me something about it? S1:動(dòng)詞原形/V原

T：Wonderful , anything else? S3:V-ing / 動(dòng)詞的ing形式/動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。。。。（復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的各個(gè)形式，已經(jīng)變化規(guī)則）T：那么今天我們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，tense，Do you know what is tense? S4:......S6:......S9:.....T: Very good!英語時(shí)態(tài)就是用動(dòng)詞的形式變化來表示不同時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

在英語中，每一句話都至少包含一種時(shí)態(tài)，所以我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到時(shí)態(tài)的重要性，我們今天要學(xué)習(xí)五種時(shí)態(tài)。下面我們一一地來認(rèn)識(shí)它們。2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（主+do/does）用 法：

A)表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。B)習(xí)慣用語。

C)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。

例：He always helps others.（他總是幫助別人。）D)客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則無法保持 主句、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。E)表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，（僅限于某些表示“來、去、動(dòng)、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞）可以與表示未來時(shí)間的狀語搭配使用。常見的用法是：飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。

例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.（下一趟火車今天下午3點(diǎn)開車。）

How often does this shuttle bus run?（這班車多久一趟？）

F)在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在（有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）表示將來事 情。例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成這份報(bào)告的時(shí)候，我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個(gè)小時(shí)了。）

2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(主+ be doing)用法：現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。3.一般過去時(shí)（主+did）用法：

A)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。

B)表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。特別是由would/ used to do表達(dá)的句型，本身表示的 就是過去時(shí)。例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人過去常常坐在寧靜的公園里的一條長(zhǎng)椅上，看著其他的人，一坐就是數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)，什么也不干，也不和任何人交談。）He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。）

C)有時(shí)可代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表達(dá)一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。

例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借車用一用，可以嗎？）Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在這里嗎？）注意事項(xiàng)：

A)注意時(shí)間狀語的搭配。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語應(yīng)該是表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間的詞或詞組，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，絕對(duì)不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用因?yàn)檫@樣的時(shí)間狀語都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

B)used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別：你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do

都對(duì)。Used to do經(jīng)常與 be used to doing sth/ sth結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。前者表示“過去常常或過去曾經(jīng)”，要求加動(dòng)詞原形；后者表示“習(xí)慣于”，要求加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。一般將來時(shí) 用法：

A)基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do, be going to do。例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我們將送給她一個(gè)玻璃的手工制品，作為給她的生日禮物。）B)有

些

動(dòng)

詞，如

：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般進(jìn)行時(shí)，并且通常與一個(gè)表示將來時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用，可以表示將來時(shí)。例g here until May.（我媽媽下周將來看我，并會(huì)呆到5月。）

C)表示“打算去……，要……”時(shí)，可用be going to do。例：This is just what I am going to say.（這正是我想說的。）

D)表示“即將、正要”時(shí)，可用be about to do。強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。

例

：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.（別擔(dān)心，我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。）E)“be to do”的5種用法：

a)表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。

例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你

：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is stayin準(zhǔn)會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見到她。）

b)該做或不該做的事情（語氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一種命令規(guī)勸性語氣。

例

：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子們，你們必須 上床睡覺，不準(zhǔn)吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。）c)能或不能發(fā)生的事情（接近c(diǎn)an, may）

例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢？）d)不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情，后來將要發(fā)生的事情。

例

：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.A.will be attended B.will be attended to C.is attended D.is attended to will be attended to關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是：attend表示“處理，解決”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，必須與to連用。另外，從上下文看，事情顯然尚未解決，所以應(yīng)該用將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案是B。e)用于條件從句“如果……想，設(shè)想”（接近if ……want to,或if ……should）

例

：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.A)is to be B)can be C)will be D)has been 答案是A)is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必須作出更大努力來增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量。” F)同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。例our team has been scored 7 points.（教練想要放棄這場(chǎng)比賽了，因?yàn)閷?duì)方已經(jīng)射進(jìn)了7個(gè)球。）

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)用 法：

A)表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。例

：

：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A)didn't sell B)sold C)haven't sold D)would sell 答案是C)haven't sold。

B)表示從過去某時(shí)刻開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況，并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語常用since加一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，或for 加一段時(shí)間，或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A)are to challenge C)have been challenged B)may be challenged D)are challenging 全句的意思是：“雖然牛頓是個(gè)偉大的人物，但他的許多見解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn)，并且被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家的工作所修 正。”challenge是及物動(dòng)詞，在本句中應(yīng)當(dāng)是被動(dòng)語態(tài)；其動(dòng)作延續(xù)到今天，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。可見答案是C)have been challenged。A)are to challenge和D)are challenging都是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，不可能是答案。B)may be challenged雖然是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但意思與全句內(nèi)容不合，所以不對(duì)。C)表示發(fā)生在過去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或情況。通常用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，如：arrive, begin, find, give, loseJohn has broken his left leg.（約翰摔斷了左腿。）注意事項(xiàng)

A)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是聯(lián)系過去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去時(shí)的區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài)，或受動(dòng)態(tài)的影響，是動(dòng)態(tài)的結(jié)果，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響；過去時(shí)只表 示過去的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。

例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。

這只是講述一個(gè)過去的事實(shí)，他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院

等。例：了。）He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過去開始工作，一直工作到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。）B)因?yàn)楹衒or加一段時(shí)間或since加一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)這樣的時(shí)間狀語的完成時(shí)，有動(dòng)態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點(diǎn)，所以不能使用終端動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞。例：My sister has been married for 5 years.（過去分詞做表

語

表

示

狀

態(tài)，可

以

延續(xù)）My sister has married.Don't disturb her.（終端動(dòng)詞）

C)在“this is the first/ second/ third?? time that??”句型里要求用完成時(shí)。例

：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國(guó)際展覽會(huì)。）

D)句型“It is/ has been??since”所使用的兩種時(shí)態(tài)都正確。例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（從我上次見到他以來已經(jīng)10年了。）

E)在“no sooner than”、“hardly/ scarcely ??when”、“before”、“prior to”等句型中，主句要求完成時(shí)。例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.（以前我從未見過那位教授。）

Step 3.練習(xí)題鞏固，總結(jié) Step 4.家庭作業(yè) Step 5.學(xué)生回憶 Step 6.學(xué)生對(duì)課程的反饋 Step 7.課后反思

第五篇：內(nèi)部資料高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)系列-動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)講與練

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。2.主句是一般將來時(shí),時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。If it rains tomorrow, I will not go there.3.在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來了。Here she comes.她來了。

二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

2.表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。

My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來看我。3.代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，描繪更加生動(dòng)。

The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。The sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。

4.大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，但也有些動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。

常見的有：exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget, believe, trust, want, wish, refuse, like, hate, dislike, prefer, mind, hope等。

三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1.表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示從過去開始，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：

1）用兩種時(shí)態(tài)來表述發(fā)生在過去的某一動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，而

一般過去時(shí)只表達(dá)過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在關(guān)系不大。She was very clean.She is very clean and she has cleaned the room.2）漢語中的“了”、“過”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達(dá)，I have seen that film.我看過那部電影了

但是如果是在特定的過去時(shí)間“看了”、“做過”，就不可用完成時(shí)而必須用一般過去進(jìn)來表達(dá)。When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么時(shí)候看了那部電影？我昨天看的。)不能說：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/has been to”, 表示“到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/has gone to”.——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.瞬間動(dòng)詞join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,break out 在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。(×)He has finished the work for three hours 他已完成工作三小時(shí)了。

1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延續(xù)法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.用來表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動(dòng)作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.It has been raining for two days.五、一般過去時(shí)

表達(dá)特定的過去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為。

六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這一過去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語表示）。

He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示動(dòng)作在另一過去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行。

They were still working when I left.3.用在兩個(gè)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示過去將來動(dòng)作。

He said she was arriving the next day.七、過去完成時(shí)

1.表示在過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。

He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去時(shí)刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。

At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)來表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。

We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般將來時(shí)

一般將來時(shí)表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式： 1.will/shall do（側(cè)重將來行為，不突出計(jì)劃安排去做某事）2.be going to do(主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生)3.be doing(按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生，常和表示最近的將來時(shí)間連用)4.be about to do(按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生)

九、將來完成時(shí)

用來表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻（前）將完成的動(dòng)作。常和by短語，when,before引起的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)

一、注意短語動(dòng)詞和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

That old man was often laughed at.那位老人常受人嘲笑。The doctor has been sent for.已經(jīng)派人請(qǐng)大夫去了。Time must be made good use of.時(shí)間一定要充分利用。The plan will be given up.那計(jì)劃就要被放棄了。Bad habits have been done away with.壞習(xí)慣已經(jīng)改掉了。

He must be prevented from going.必須阻止他去。

二、get + 過去分詞可以表示被動(dòng)，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化

She got married last week.她上周結(jié)婚了。

The patient got treated once a week.那位病菌人一周得到一次治療。He fell off the car and got killed.他從車上摔下來，摔死了。

三、主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 系動(dòng)詞look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep + 形容詞/名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The steel feels cold.His plan proved(to be)practical.It has gone bad.表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞 begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。Work began at 7 o’clock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.表示主語的某種屬性特征的動(dòng)詞

read, write, act, iron, cut draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink

這類動(dòng)詞一般不單獨(dú)使用，常用一個(gè)修飾語。

This coat dries easily.這種外衣容易干。Nylon cleans easily.尼龍容易洗干凈。The door won’t lock.這門鎖不上。

Food can keep fresh in a fridge.食物在冰箱里能保鮮。Your speech reads well.你的演說講得好。

This material has worn thin.這個(gè)材料已經(jīng)磨薄了。His book does not sell.他的書沒有銷路。Your pen writes smoothly.你的筆好寫。This lock won’t catch.這鎖鎖不上。The match won’t catch.火柴擦不著。

The plan worked out wonderfully.這計(jì)劃制定得很好。The recorder won’t play.這錄音機(jī)不轉(zhuǎn)。The engine won’t start.引擎發(fā)動(dòng)不起來。This knife cuts well.這把刀子很快。The cloth washes well.這布很耐洗。少數(shù)動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義print, cook, fry, hang, build, make。

The books are printing.這本書正在排印中。The neat is cooking.肉在煮。

5．介詞in, on, under 等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動(dòng)意義

表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式，名詞前不用冠詞。under control(受控制)

under treatment(在治療中)

under repair(在修理中)under discussion(在討論中)

under construction(在施工中)

beyond belief(令人難以置信)for sale(出售)

in print(在印刷中)

in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))on sale(出售)

on show(展出)

on trial(受審)

out of control(控制不了)

out of sight(超出視線之外)

out of one’s reach(夠不著)

The building is under construction(is being constructed).The rumor is beyond belief(= can’t be believed).His honest character is above all praise.(= His honest character cannot be praised enough.)That house is for sale.(= That house is to be sold.)The book is not yet in print(= is not yet printed).Today some treasures are on show in the museum(= are being showed).The plane was out of control(can’t be controlled).He took two days off within the teacher’s permission.6． 不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語：

fit, have, wish, cost, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.