第一篇：淺談初中英語動詞時(shí)態(tài)教學(xué)

淺談初中英語動詞時(shí)態(tài)教學(xué)

英語的動詞時(shí)態(tài)這一語法現(xiàn)象與我們母語的語法差別較大，學(xué)起來也較乏味。如何教學(xué)這些語法，從而使學(xué)生更好、更有效地掌握它們，是經(jīng)常困擾教師的問題。筆者在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中進(jìn)行了努力的嘗試和探索，并依據(jù)信息加工的學(xué)習(xí)理論，總結(jié)出較為行之有效的“三元”教學(xué)法：從“標(biāo)志”信息輸入著眼，經(jīng)過“概念”思維加工，達(dá)成“結(jié)構(gòu)”形式輸出，從而使師生擺脫枯燥的時(shí)態(tài)教學(xué)，掌握動詞時(shí)態(tài)的規(guī)律，形成有效的語法教學(xué)策略。

一、從“概念、結(jié)構(gòu)、標(biāo)志”三個(gè)方面把握動詞時(shí)態(tài)

“概念、結(jié)構(gòu)、標(biāo)志”三個(gè)方面是學(xué)習(xí)一種時(shí)態(tài)所必須把握的，三者相互聯(lián)系，相互制約，共同表述一個(gè)完整的時(shí)態(tài)含義。“概念”清楚地說明了一種時(shí)態(tài)的用法。對于概念的把握一定要全面、準(zhǔn)確，表述嚴(yán)密，如對于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法，不能只表述為“表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)？

下面列舉兩種時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行說明。

（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1、概念：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本用法有四種。（1）表示現(xiàn)在的狀況，如Mr、Green has two children、（2）表示主語所具備的性格或能力，如Ann enjoys listening to the radio、Miss White speaks Chinese very well、（3）表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性或反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)，如I usually rest on Sundays、Mr、Brown always gets up early、LiLei goes to see Uncle Wang once a month、（4）表示客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理，如It never snows in Australia in December、Light travels faster than sound、2、結(jié)構(gòu)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)在一般情況下用動詞原形，當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動詞也要相應(yīng)變成單數(shù)形式，其否定式、疑問式要加助動詞do或does。例如：Miss Gao teaches us English、Does your mother work in a factory？

3、標(biāo)志：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與下列表示頻率的副詞或短語連用：always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，never，twice a week，on Sundays等。

（二）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、概念：基本用法有兩種。（1）表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。（2）表示從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。

2、結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have（has）+動詞的過去分詞。

3、標(biāo)志：用法（1）常與下列詞語連用：already，yet，just，ever，never，before，recently等；用法（2）常與“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或“for+時(shí)間段”所構(gòu)成的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，也可與包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如this morning，these days等。

其他幾種時(shí)態(tài)不再一一列舉。在平時(shí)的教學(xué)中，只要我們從上述三個(gè)方面去把握動詞時(shí)態(tài)，學(xué)生就會逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)其規(guī)律，做到有章可循，主動地學(xué)習(xí)，從而變以教師為主體的講語法為以學(xué)生為主體的學(xué)語法，收到事半功倍的效果。

二、要善于進(jìn)行各種時(shí)態(tài)的用法比較

學(xué)習(xí)了幾種時(shí)態(tài)以后，就容易出現(xiàn)混淆、錯(cuò)用的情況，這就要求我們要不斷地將一些時(shí)態(tài)加以比較，以便能夠更好地把握其本質(zhì)。其實(shí)，動詞時(shí)態(tài)的比較也是以“概念、結(jié)構(gòu)、標(biāo)志”三元為依據(jù)比較的。試看下面幾種時(shí)態(tài)的比較。

（一）一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法比較

1、一般過去時(shí)只單純表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和確定的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)既涉及過去又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在，但它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和確定的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。試比較：I have posted the letter（說明現(xiàn)在信不在這里）。I posted the letter yesterday（只說明昨天寄信這一事實(shí)）。

2、有些時(shí)間狀語（標(biāo)志），如this morning，tonight等，既可用于一般過去時(shí)，也可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但所表示的意義有所不同。用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的表示“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)，而用于一般過去時(shí)則與“現(xiàn)在”無關(guān)。例如：I have read the book this May（講話時(shí)仍是五月）。I read the book this May（講話時(shí)五月已過）。

（二）一般過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的用法比較

1、一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；而過去完成時(shí)則表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動作之前已完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其標(biāo)志是“過去的過去”。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一動作發(fā)生在過去另一動作之前時(shí)，常用此時(shí)態(tài)。例如：The film had already begun when I reached the theatre、2、一般過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)都可以和確定的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同。試比較：They had done the work at five o’clock、They did the work at five o’clock、第一句說明工作在五點(diǎn)鐘已完成，并未說明是什么時(shí)候完成的；第二句說明工作是在五點(diǎn)鐘做的。

3、在帶有before或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，由于主、從句動作發(fā)生的先后順序已非常明確，所以可用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)，如The train had left before I got to the station、也可以說：The train left before I got to the station、其他時(shí)態(tài)的比較，如一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法比較不再列舉。時(shí)態(tài)的混合使用是以掌握好每一種時(shí)態(tài)的用法以及各時(shí)態(tài)的比較用法為基礎(chǔ)的，在中學(xué)階段使用較少，在此不做詳談。

三、注意時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間不一致的特殊情況

如前所述，判斷時(shí)態(tài)要從“標(biāo)志”（時(shí)間狀語）著眼，這是一般規(guī)律。但有些情況下，時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間（標(biāo)志）并不一致，在教學(xué)中應(yīng)引起足夠的重視，做到靈活使用，可視之為“特殊標(biāo)志”。

1、一些表示來往動作的動詞（動向動詞）常用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來時(shí)，常見的這類動詞有arrive，come，go，leave，set off，start等、例如：The Browns are leaving for Paris next month、2、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)有時(shí)可以表示預(yù)定的近期將發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，也可用來表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作。例如：Are you free tomorrow？ The train starts at 7：50 in the evening、Here comes the bus！There goes the bell！

3、一般過去時(shí)可以表示目前非真實(shí)的情況或不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望（即虛擬語氣）。例如：I wish I could fly to the moon by spaceship、It’s high time you went home、If I were you，I would go with him、4、在含有狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句是將來時(shí)態(tài)或是祈使句時(shí)，狀語從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，用一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)。例如：I will go to town if it doesn’t rain tomorrow、He said he would come to see us if he had time、Please tell him about it as soon as he comes back、Are you going to play with us when you have finished your homework？

5、在含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，主從句動詞時(shí)態(tài)有如下不一致情況。

（1）當(dāng)賓語從句表示科學(xué)真理、客觀事實(shí)、格言或其他不受時(shí)間影響、限制的客觀存在的事物時(shí)，如：Long ago people didn’t know that the earth moves round the sun、She told hers on that practice makes perfect、（2）當(dāng)賓語從句用來解釋、表達(dá)科技內(nèi)容時(shí)，如：The teacher told us that the attraction of the earth for all bodies is called gravity、（3）當(dāng)賓語從句表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或目前習(xí)慣性動作時(shí)，如：He said he does morning exercises everyday、（4）當(dāng)賓語從句中謂語動詞的動作在轉(zhuǎn)述時(shí)仍在繼續(xù)，或表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻仍存在的狀態(tài)時(shí)，如：LiLei said his father is attending a meeting in Shanghai、She told me the other day that she is only seventeen、6、其他從句，如比較狀語從句、定語從句等不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響，應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際需要，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。例如：It was colder yesterday than it is today、Last night I read the book which you are reading now、對于這些特殊情況，在平時(shí)的教學(xué)中，應(yīng)特別注意。其實(shí)，我們也可以把上述情況視為一種特殊的“標(biāo)志”，進(jìn)而判斷相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)形式。

綜上所述，對于一種時(shí)態(tài)，我們可以從“概念、結(jié)構(gòu)、標(biāo)志”三個(gè)方面去把握，隨著所學(xué)時(shí)態(tài)的增多，要善于將一些時(shí)態(tài)加以比較，總結(jié)出差異，同時(shí)還要注意特殊情況。這些，整個(gè)中學(xué)階段英語時(shí)態(tài)教學(xué)就系統(tǒng)化、規(guī)律化了。學(xué)好這些基本的動詞時(shí)態(tài)，可為學(xué)生將來學(xué)習(xí)更為復(fù)雜的時(shí)態(tài)、非謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)、被動語態(tài)、虛擬語氣乃至進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)中、高級英語，打下扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

第二篇：初中英語動詞時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題一(含答案)

初中英語動詞時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題一（含答案）

1.I will tell him as soon as he _____ back

A.come B.comes C.will come D.came

2.Mary _____ on shoes when she ____ them.A.tries…buys B.tries… buies C.trys… buys D.trys… buies

3.The girl often ______ cold when she ______.A.cathcs…dances B.catches… dances C.catchs…dancees D.catches… dancee

4._____ he ____ himself there? No, I don't think so.A.Do…enjoy B.Does… enjoies C.Does… enjoys D.Does…enjoy

5._____ your teacher ____ from them very often? Certainly.A.Do…h(huán)ear B.Does…h(huán)ear C.Do… receive D.receive

6._____ your mother _____ some cleaning on Sundays?

A.Does…does B.Do…does C.Does…do D.Do… do

7._____ Tom _____to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _____.A.Has… x…does B.Has…x…does

C.Does…h(huán)as…h(huán)as D.Does… have…does

8.Which teacher _____ lessons to you every day ?

A.does …gives B.does… give C.do… give D.gives

9.Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, ____? _____ , he does.A.does he…No B.does he…Yes C.doesn't he…No D.doesn't he…Yes

10.Mr Black often _____ fishing on Sundays, _____ he ?

A.goes…doesn't B.goes…isn't

C.doesn't go…does D.doesn't go…is

11.He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.A.watch B.watches C.watching D.is watching

12.We'll go to play with snow if it ______ tomorrow.A.snow B.snows C.will snow D.snowed

13.Neither I nor he ______ French.A.speak B.doesn't speak C.speaks D.doesn't speak

14.Nobody ______ how to run this machines.A.know B.have known C.knows D.is knowing

15.The Young Pioneer _____ water for the old man every day.A.carry B.bring C.takes D.carries

16.Some are ______ in the river and some are ______ games.A.swimming… playing B.swimming…plaiing

C.swimming… I playing D.swimming…plaing

17.Look!The boy students are _____ football while the girls are _____.A.playing… dance B.playing… dancing

C.play… dancing D.play… dance

18.He _____ to do his lessons at eight every evening.A.is beginning B.is beginning C.begin D.begins

19._____ he _____ on well with his friends this term ?

A.Does…gets B.Does…get C.Is…getting D.Is…geting

20.Mr Smith _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days.A.is writing…is writing B.is writing… writes

C.writes… is writing D.writes… writes

第三篇：初中英語動詞八種時(shí)態(tài)講解

初中英語動詞八種時(shí)態(tài)講解

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

主要用于下面幾情況：

1)描述當(dāng)前時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。

在這種情景中，句子常帶有表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語：always , everyday , often , once a week(month , year , etc.), sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的動作或狀態(tài)是習(xí)慣性的、經(jīng)常性的。例如：

They raise ducks as a sideline.他們以養(yǎng)鴨為副業(yè)。She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month.她不常給家里寫信，僅一月一封而已。

I cycle to work every day.我每天騎自行車上班。It seldom rains here.這兒很少下雨。2）僅為了描述狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征、能力等等。

這里的目的是為了“描述現(xiàn)階段的動作或狀態(tài)”，其重點(diǎn)“不是強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、或進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)”。例如：

He can speak five foreign languages.他能說五種外語。That is a beautiful city.那是座美麗的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.長江是世界上最長的河流之一。

She majors in music.她主修音樂。

All my family love football.我全家人都喜歡足球。My sister is always ready to help others.我妹妹總是樂于助人。

3)陳述客觀事實(shí)、客觀真理。

顧名思義，客觀的情況是“沒有時(shí)間概念”的；也“不會在意動作進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)”。例如：

The sun rises in the east.日出東方。

The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。Ten minus two is eight.十減二等于八。

Light travels faster than sound.光的速度比聲音的速度快。

The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.美國位于太平洋西岸。

4)根據(jù)英文語法規(guī)定，當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時(shí)，那么時(shí)間或條件狀語從句的謂語動詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示將來要發(fā)生的動作。例如：

I'll tell him the news when he comes back.他回來時(shí)，我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。

If you take the job, they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談?wù)劶?xì)節(jié)。

用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的副詞，除了上面提到的一些表示頻率的以外，常見的還有：now, today , nowadays等等。

2、一般過去時(shí)

主要是用來描述在過去某個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。它也可以用來表示在過去某段時(shí)間里經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動作。這一點(diǎn)在表達(dá)意義上與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)相同，只是所在的時(shí)間區(qū)域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般過去時(shí)的句子里常常有一個(gè)意義較具體的過去時(shí)間狀語。這也是它與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的最大區(qū)別之一。

一般過去時(shí)由謂語動詞的過去式表示，也就是說動詞詞末要加-ed（除不規(guī)則動詞外）。常和一般過去時(shí)連用的過去時(shí)間狀語有：last night(week , month , year , century , etc.), yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning(afternoon , evening), in 1999 , two hours ago(one week ago , tree years ago , …)等等。

使用一般過去時(shí)，在某種意義上說就是要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在于過去的某個(gè)時(shí)候。“過去”的時(shí)間概念有兩層意思：一是指“現(xiàn)在某個(gè)時(shí)間”以前的時(shí)間；二是指“說話、寫文章的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”以前的時(shí)間，在這個(gè)意義上，“現(xiàn)在的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”是很小很小的，甚至于小到無法量化的程度。例如：

He got his driving license last month.他上個(gè)月拿到了駕照。

--Where's Jim? 吉姆在哪里？--He just went out.他剛剛出去。

3、一般將來時(shí)

主要用來描述將要發(fā)生的動作或存在于未來的情況。這里所說的“將來時(shí)間”是指“說話、寫文章那一刻以后的時(shí)間”。它的表示方法主要有如下幾種：

1）shall / will + 動詞原形這種表示方法是說，動作在現(xiàn)在或目前還未發(fā)生，要在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生；它沒有主觀性，是“純粹的將來動作”。例如：

I shall / will not be free tomorrow.我明天沒空。He will arrive here this evening.他今晚抵達(dá)這里。2)be(am / is / are)+ going +不定式

這種表示方法主要是說明A）“說話人的意圖、打算”；B）“某種可能性”。例如：

A)He is going to spend his holidays in London.他打算在倫敦度假。

Who is going to speak first? 誰先發(fā)言？ B)It is going to rain soon.馬上要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us? 他會幫我們收集資料嗎？

If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place.如果你去新西蘭，你會喜歡上那個(gè)地方的。

3)be(am / is / are)+ 不定式表示方法描述兩鐘情況： 按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的動作，這個(gè)動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間一般不會很遠(yuǎn)； 要求或命令他人做某事。例如：

A)The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days.新橋三天后通車。

The factory is to go into production before National Day.這家工廠國慶節(jié)前投產(chǎn)。

B)You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room.任何移動通訊工具都不得帶入考場。

You are to stay home until your mother comes back.你媽回來之前你不要出去。

4)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（限于某些動詞）表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事。這種表示方法實(shí)際上已經(jīng)在上面“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)之4）”中談過。主要強(qiáng)調(diào)“按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事”。例如：

Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下車嗎？ The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m.那架飛機(jī)上午十一點(diǎn)起飛。

Mr.Reider is leaving for New York next week.里德先生下周動身去紐約。

4、過去將來時(shí)

表示過去的某時(shí)以后將要發(fā)生的動作。但這個(gè)“將來”時(shí)間絕不會延伸到“現(xiàn)在”；而僅限于“過去時(shí)間區(qū)域內(nèi)”。由此可以看出，含這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的句子常帶一個(gè)表示“過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”的狀語。這個(gè)狀語或是一個(gè)短語，或是一個(gè)句子。這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)常用于： A）賓語從句或間接引語中；B）表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作；C）表示過去情況中的“愿望”、“傾向”，多用于否定句。例如：

A)When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be.當(dāng)我考慮這件事時(shí)，我想知道他們的反應(yīng)是什么。

She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day.她告訴我，她第二天要去歐洲旅行。

He didn't expect that we would all be there.他沒料到我們會全在那兒。

B)During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day.在那段時(shí)間，他每天早鍛煉。

Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework.無論他什么時(shí)間有空,他總是幫他媽媽干點(diǎn)家務(wù)活。

C)No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it.不管工作有多難，他總會堅(jiān)持不懈地把它干完。

They knew that we would never permit such a thing.他們知道我們絕不會允許發(fā)生這樣的事。

Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave.甚至在講座結(jié)束之后，聽眾仍不肯離去。

5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

主要用來描述“說話、寫文章的當(dāng)刻”正在發(fā)生的動作，或是“現(xiàn)階段”一直在進(jìn)行的動作。它適用于下面的情況：

1）“說話、寫文章的當(dāng)刻”正在發(fā)生的動作。例如： They are having a football match.他們正在賽足球。She is writing her term paper.她正在寫學(xué)期論文。Someone is asking for you on the phone.有人找你聽電話。

2）“現(xiàn)階段”一直在進(jìn)行的動作。這種情況并不是說某個(gè)動作在說話的那會兒正在發(fā)生，而是說某個(gè)動作在當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行著，或是重復(fù)地發(fā)生著。例如：

He is preparing for CET Band Six.他在為大學(xué)英語六級考試作準(zhǔn)備。

How are you getting along with your new job？ 你那份新工作干得怎么樣？

3）表示說話人的情感，如：贊許、批評；喜歡、厭惡等。這時(shí)的動作并不是正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行，而是表示經(jīng)常性，相當(dāng)于“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”所描述的情況。例如：

He is always thinking of others , not of himself.（表示贊許）他總是為他人著想，而不為自己。

She is often doing well at school.（表示滿意）她在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)挺不錯(cuò)的。Are you feeling better today?（表示親切）你今天覺得好一些嗎？

One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不滿）我的一個(gè)室友老是亂扔?xùn)|西。

Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us.（表示不喜歡）有些推銷員老是敲我家的門,向我們推銷他們的產(chǎn)品。

4）表示在近期按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作,用于這種情況僅限于少量的動詞，如：go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch(吃午飯), return, dine(進(jìn)餐，尤指晚餐), work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear(穿，戴)等。例如：

I'm dinning out with my friends this evening.今晚我將和朋友在外面吃飯。

An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon.今天下午一位美國教授要來作報(bào)告。

We are having a holiday next Wednesday.下周三我們放假。

Are you staying here till next week? 你要在這兒呆到下星期嗎？

6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

主要表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的動作。由于它的定義是表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的動作，所以，句子常帶有一個(gè)表示“過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”的狀語。這個(gè)狀語可能是短語，詞組，或是一個(gè)從句。也可能是通過上下文來表達(dá)這層意思。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于下面的情景中： 1）表示在過去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動作，例如：

At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候，我正在收拾東西去露營。

When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.上次我來看她的時(shí)候，她正在寫一篇文章。

What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八點(diǎn)鐘你在做什么？

2）用于故事的開頭，交代故事發(fā)生的背景情況。

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)所描述的動作是“正在進(jìn)行”，所以，在這種情景中用“過去進(jìn)行時(shí)”可以給讀者一種“動感”，從而能使文章更加生動活潑。例如：

One night, he was typing in his study.Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity ….一天晚上，他正在書房里打字。突然，一個(gè)人闖進(jìn)屋來，切斷了電源……

3)（僅限少數(shù)動詞）表示在過去的未來時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動作。例如：

When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday.國慶節(jié)即將來臨的時(shí)候，他們開始制訂度假計(jì)劃。She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.她告訴我她將去海南度假。

My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day.我朋友對我說，他今天要與他的一位客戶一塊兒吃午飯。

We left there when it's getting dark.天快黑的時(shí)候，我們離開了那兒。

7、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)

主要表示：A）在將來某時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動作；B）預(yù)計(jì)、安排即將發(fā)生或勢必發(fā)生的動作。例如：

A）在將來某時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動作：

You can have a meeting in my office on Friday.I won't be using it.星期五你可以在我的辦公室開會。那會兒我不用它。

What will you be doing tomorrow morning? 明天上午你做什么？

It won't be long before that we will be making a new computer for more advanced calculation.不久我們就要造一部新計(jì)算器進(jìn)行更高級的運(yùn)算。

I can't go to the party tonight.I'll be seeing off a friend.今晚我不能參加聚會了。我要給一位朋友送行。

B）預(yù)計(jì)、安排即將發(fā)生或勢必發(fā)生的動作： 在這里，將來進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來時(shí)很接近，但是前者強(qiáng)調(diào)動作“按計(jì)劃、安排要發(fā)生；間或也表示委婉、客氣”，而后者只表示“動作會在未來時(shí)間發(fā)生”。

We shall be meeting at the school gate.我們在校門口見面。

What shall we be doing next ? 我們干什么？ If you don't do so , you will be facing great difficulties.你如果不這樣做就會面臨很大的困難。

Shall I be interrupting you if I stay here for a while? 要是我在這兒呆一會兒，會干擾你們嗎？

8、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

對于初接觸現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的人來說，往往會產(chǎn)生一種茫然，因?yàn)樗坪跖c一般過去時(shí)相似。那就是，這兩種時(shí)態(tài)描述的動作都始于過去。其實(shí)不然，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要表示，發(fā)生在過去的動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛完成、或許還要延續(xù)；側(cè)重于這個(gè)動作對現(xiàn)在帶來的結(jié)果、產(chǎn)生的影響、積累的總和等等。而一般過去時(shí)則只不過是表示動作發(fā)生在過去的什么時(shí)候。弄清了這一區(qū)別，就很容易理解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)了。它主要適用于下面的幾種情況： 1）表示截止現(xiàn)在業(yè)已完成的動作

By now, I have collected all the data that I need.到現(xiàn)在為止，我已收集到了我所需的全部資料。

She has read 150 pages today.她今天已看了150頁。We haven't met for many years.我們已多年沒見了。They have developed a new product.他們研制成功了一種新產(chǎn)品。

2）表示發(fā)生在過去而對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響、帶來結(jié)果的動作

Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚飯了嗎？

She has been to the United States.她已去美國了。You have grown much taller.你長高了許多。3）表示過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能還要延續(xù)

It has been five years since he joined the army.他參軍五年了。

They have learned English for eight years.他們已學(xué)了八年的英語了。

So far we've only discussed the first five chapters.至今我們還只討論了前五章。幾點(diǎn)注意

1)一個(gè)句子應(yīng)該用什么時(shí)態(tài)只能取決于它需要表達(dá)的意思，以及它所處的語言環(huán)境。例如：

He speaks English.（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，說明動作發(fā)生的經(jīng)常性。）

He spoke English when he was in New Zealand.（一般過去時(shí)，說明動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。）

He is speaking English.（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，說明動作正在進(jìn)行。）

He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，這里說明動作的總和。）

He has been speaking English since he came to the USA.（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的連續(xù)性。）

2）在含有時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時(shí)，那么從句的謂語動詞就只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示將來時(shí)；如果主句的謂語動詞是過去將來時(shí)，那么從句的謂語動詞就只能用一般過去時(shí)來表示過去將來時(shí)。

例如：I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.3)有些動詞表示無法持續(xù)的動作，它們一般不宜用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。這類動詞常見的有：be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。

Be動詞若是用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，可表示暫時(shí)、短暫的情況或表現(xiàn)。例如：

Tom is being a good boy today.湯姆今天很乖。He is being childish.他這樣做是耍孩子氣。You are not being modest.你這樣說不太謙虛。4）關(guān)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語問題.A.凡是“完成時(shí)態(tài)”都表示，不知道也不管動作發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間, 所以在使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里，不可以帶有表示具體過去時(shí)間的狀語，如：yesterday , last week(month , year , etc.), two weeks ago , in 1999等；但常和有些副詞連用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。

B.在以when提問的特殊疑問中不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。另外，ago不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里，因?yàn)樗硎緩默F(xiàn)在算起的以前某個(gè)時(shí)間，屬于表示具體過去時(shí)間的狀語。但是可以用before 來表示“以前”的意義，因?yàn)樗槐硎尽耙郧啊保恢裁磿r(shí)候的以前。

C.如果是不表示連續(xù)性的動詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子，不可以和以for表示的“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用。在這種情況下，應(yīng)該用“It has been … ；since…”的句式來表達(dá)。如：

He has joined the army for five years.（錯(cuò)誤）It has been five years since he joined the army.（正確）

★哈佛大學(xué)★英語系研究，美國布什推薦。專為中

第四篇：英語時(shí)態(tài)(初中英語動詞時(shí)態(tài)歸納總結(jié)對照表)

初中英語動詞時(shí)態(tài)歸納總結(jié)對照表

初中英語時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。通常用“ usually, often, every day, sometimes”。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹 一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能

1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。

2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。

二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成: 肯定句：

1).主語+系動詞 be(is, am, are)+名詞（形容詞，介詞短語）

2).其他主語+動詞原形+其它 第三人稱單數(shù)+動詞-s+其它 如：I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。

Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。三、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化 否定句：

1)主語+ be（is,am,are）+ not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。

2)其他主語+do not(don’t)動詞原形+其它 I don't like bread 第三人稱單數(shù)+does not(doesn’t)動詞原形+其它He doesn't often play.一般疑問句：1)Be（Is,Are）+主語+其它?如：-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./ No, I'm not.2)Do其他主語+動詞原形+其它？ Does+第三人稱單數(shù)+動詞原形+其它+？ 注意：遇I/we—you, my—your, some—any.Does she go to work by bike?-Yes, she does./ No, she doesn't.Do you often play football?-Yes, I do./ No, I don't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike? How does your father go to work? 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練:

一、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.He often ________(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy _______(be)in Class One.3.We _______(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Nick _______(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.5.______ they ________(like)the World Cup?

二、按照要求改寫句子

1.Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句)2.I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)3.She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答)7.I like taking photos in the park.(對劃線部分提問)8.John comes from Canada.(對劃線部分提問)

三、改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1.Is your brother speak English? __________________ 2.Does he likes going fishing? __________________ 3.He likes play games after class.__________________ 4.Mr.Wu teachs us English.__________________ 5.She don’t do her homework on Sundays._________________

2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。通常用“now/look/listen”.1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。

2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：.肯定句 ： 主語+be（is,am,are）+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing eg: I am(not)doing my homework.You/We/They are(not)reading.He/She/It is(not)eating.否定句：主語+be（is,am,are）+not + 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing 一般疑問句：Is(Are)+主語+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing？ 特殊疑問：疑問詞+ be + 主語 + 動詞ing? 3.動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則 1)一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3)如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping,swim—swimming 4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：

一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：

play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______

二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空：

1.The boy __________________(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls _______________(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother _________________(cook)some nice food now.4.What _____ you ______(do)now? 5.Look.They _______________(have)an English lesson.10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes? Yes ,she is.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：

1.They are doing housework.(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句)2．The students are cleaning the classroom.(改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)3．I’m playing the football in the playground.(對劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)

① ②

3、一般過去時(shí)態(tài) 一般過去時(shí)通常用 “a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last?”等。1．一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作感謝。2．Be動詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化： ⑴am 和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasn’t）⑵are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=weren’t）

⑶帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。3.行為動詞的一般過去時(shí)變化

5.特殊疑問句：

⑴疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)：疑問詞+動詞過去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 過去時(shí)練習(xí): 寫出下列動詞的過去式 isam_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ Be動詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí):A

一、用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.I _______ at school just now.2.He ________ at the camp last week.3.We ________ students two years ago.4.They ________ on the farm a moment ago.5.Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1.It was exciting.否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑問句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2.All the students were very excited.否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑問句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 行為動詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí):B

一、用行為動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.He _________(live)in Wuxi two years ago.2.The cat ________(eat)a bird last night.3.We _______(have)a party last Halloween.4.Nancy ________(pick)up oranges on the farm last week.5.I ________(make)a model ship with Mike yesterday.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換

1.Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑問句：____________________________________________肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2.We sang some English songs.否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑問句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

三、中譯英

1．格林先生去年住在中國。2.昨天我們參觀了農(nóng)場。3.他剛才在找他的手機(jī)。過去時(shí)綜合練習(xí)A

一、用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.It ______(be)Ben’s birthday last Friday.2.We all ______(have)a good time last night.3.He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now.(play)4.Jim’s mother _________(plant)trees just now.5._______ they ________(sweep)the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.二、中譯英 1.我們上周五看了一部電影。

2.他上個(gè)中秋節(jié)走親訪友了嗎？是的。

3.你們上個(gè)兒童節(jié)做了什么？我們參觀了動物園。

4、一般將來時(shí)

概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year?),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。1.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①主語+be(is,am,are)going to +動詞原形.②主語+will+ 動詞原形.2.否定句：①主語+be(is,am,are)+not +going to +動詞原形.②主語+will +not(won’t)+ 動詞原形.例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.3.一般疑問句：①Is(Are)+主語 +going to +動詞原形.+? ②Will+主語+動詞原形+? 例：We are going to go on an outing this weekend.→ Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? Yes,we are.No, we aren’t.Will he go to Beijing next week? Yes,he will.No,he won’t.4.對劃線部分提問。一般情況，一般將來時(shí)的對劃線部分有三種情況。

1).問人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon.→Who’s going to New York soon.2).問干什么。What ? do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.→What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3).問什么時(shí)候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine.→When is she going to bed? 5同義句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）.= I will go swimming tomorrow.一、練習(xí)：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.I ________ have a picnic with my friends.2.下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.3.你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________.She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.4.你們打算什么時(shí)候見面。What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?

二、改句子。

5.Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy ________ going to go camping.6.I’ll go and join them.（改否定）I _______ go ______ join them.7.I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問句）________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8.We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問句）_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9.She is going to listen to music after school.（對劃線部分提問）________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 10.My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.三、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

11.Today is a sunny day.We ___________________(have)a picnic this afternoon.12.My brother _______________(go)to Shanghai next week.13.Tom often ______________(go)to school on foot.But today is rain.He ______________(go)to school by bike.14.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________(watch)TV and ____________(catch)insects? 15.It’s Friday today.What _____she _________(do)this weekend? She ______________(watch)TV and _____________(catch)insects.16.What ___________(d0)you do last Sunday? I ____________(pick)apples on a farm.What ______________(do)next Sunday? I ______________(milk)cows.17.Mary ____________(visit)her grandparents tomorrow.18.Liu Tao ____________(fly)kites in the playground yesterday.19.David ______________(give)a puppet show next Monday.20.I ________________(plan)for my study now.5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：

肯定句：主語+助動詞be(was,were)+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing+其它 否定句：主語+助動詞be(was,were)+not+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing+其它 一般疑問句：Was(Were)+主語+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing+其它？ 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+was(were)+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing+其它? 用法:

1、表示在過去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動作，往往有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語then, at that time, this time yesterday等，或與過去發(fā)生的某事同時(shí)發(fā)生的動作（即與when, while引出的時(shí)間狀語從句連用）。例：They were talking about a film at six yesterday evening.昨晚6點(diǎn)他們正在談?wù)撘徊侩娪啊hat were you doing at this time last week? 上周的這個(gè)時(shí)候你在干什么？ When the teacher came in, they were talking.老師進(jìn)來時(shí)，他們在講話。

2、表示在過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行的動作。

例：They were swimming from two to three yesterday afternoon.昨天下午2點(diǎn)到3點(diǎn)他們在游泳。She was watching TV the whole morning.她整個(gè)上午在看電視。

3、表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。例：He said he was leaving on Tuesday.他說他周二動身。Tom said he was going tomorrow.湯姆說他明天去。

4、用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)描寫故事背景。

例：It was getting dark.The wind was rising.天漸漸黑了下來，風(fēng)勢增強(qiáng)了。

The procession was going.He was standing among the crowd looking on.隊(duì)伍在前進(jìn)。他站在人群中觀看。

5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)練習(xí)題：

一、單項(xiàng)選擇

()1.My brother ___ while he ___ his bicycle and hurt himself.A.fell, was riding B.fell, were riding C.had fallen, rode D.had fallen, was riding()2.Tom ___ into the house when no one ___.A.slipped, was looking B.had slipped, looked C.slipped, had looked D.was slipping, looked()3.The last time I __ Jane she ___ cotton in the fields.A.had seen, was picking B.saw, picked C.had seen, picked D.saw, was picking()4.I don ' t think Jim saw me;he ___ into space.A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared()5.I first met Lisa three years ago.She ___ at a radio shop at the time.A.has worked B.was working C.had been working D.had worked()6.---Hey, look where you are going!---Oh, I ' m terribly sorry.________.A.I ' m not noticing B.I wasn ' t noticing C.I haven ' t noticed D.I don ' t notice()7.The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.A.was traveling B.traveled C.had been traveling D.was to travel()8.I ___ my breakfast when the morning post came.A.had B.had been having C.have been having D.was having()9.When I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone.A.was speaking B.spoke C.had been speaking D.had spoken()10.“ What ' s the matter, Ali? You look sad.”

“ Oh, nothing much.As a matter of fact, I ___ of my friends back home.”

A.just thought B.have just been thinking C.was just thinking D.have just thought

二、動詞填空。

１．John_______（work）all day yesterday.２．He _______（walk）home when the（rian）_______begin.３． —What______you _______（do）at ten o'clock yesterday﹖ —I_______（studay）in class．

４．When Harry _______（have）breakfast Lily _______（telephone）him．

５．When I ________（go）to school this morning I ______（see）a car running into a bus． 6.This time yesterday Jack ______(mend)his bike.7.I ______(write)a letter at ten last night.8.It was six.The Greens ______(have)supper.9.When you ______(knock)at the door yesterday,I ______(do)some washing.10.While my mother ______(watch)TV, I ______(make)a kite.三、英漢互譯。1.昨晚我給你打電話時(shí)，你正在干什么？ 2.上中學(xué)時(shí)，我住老師家里。

3.他昨天本來要看那場戲的，可是太忙了。

4.They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.5.Soon the whole town was talking about it.6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

構(gòu)成：肯定句：主語+助動詞have（has）+動詞過去分詞-ed 否定句：主語+助動詞have（has）+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+動詞過去分詞-ed 一般疑問句：Have(Has)+ 主語+動詞過去分詞-ed+？ 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+have(has)+ 主語+動詞過去分詞-ed+？用法：

1、表示說話之前已完成的動作，而且這個(gè)動作的結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在是情況仍有影響。常被just,already,yet 等副詞修飾。

Mr.Wang has just come back from America.王先生剛從美國回來。

2．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用來表示過去發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常帶有for或since 等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。

如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)瞬間動詞即終止性動詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。常見終止性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞(或狀態(tài)動詞)的對應(yīng)關(guān)系如下: come / go / arrive / get / reach / move---be in/at open---be open die---be dead close---be closed become---be borrow---keep put on---wear buy---have leave-----be away(from)begin / start-----be on fall asleep----be asleep end/finish-----be over catch a cold-----have a cold join the army----be in the army, be a soldier join the Party----be in the Party , be a Party member 例：吉姆買這支已有兩年了。Jim bought this pen two years ago.Jim has had this pen for two years.Jim has had this pen since two years ago.Jim has had this pen since 2007 It is two years since Jim bought this pen.4.在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/ 年/ 月以來??”時(shí)間狀語中，謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years;during the last three months;for the last few centuries, through centuries;throughout history 等 5.表示“第幾次做某事，”或在 “It is the best(worst, most interesting)+名詞 ＋that” 后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

例：This is my first time that I have visited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That is the only book that he has written.6.have / has been to + 地點(diǎn) 意為“曾去過某地”，暗含目前已不在該地，僅表示當(dāng)事人的一種經(jīng)歷而已。

have / has gone to + 地點(diǎn) “到了某地去了”，暗含“已離開原地去了某地”之意，但是否到達(dá)了某地尚不確定。

如：He has gone to Shanghai.他去了上海。He has been to Shanghai.他去過了上海。7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

一、單項(xiàng)選擇。()

1、Both his parents look sad.Maybe they ________what's happened to him.Ａ.knew Ｂ.have known Ｃ.must know Ｄ.will know()

2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ.already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ.Still()

3、Have you met Mr Li ______？

Ａ.just Ｂ.ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago()

4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.Ａ.is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written()

5、—Our country ______ a lot so far.—Yes.I hope it will be even ______.Ａ.has changed well Ｂ.changed good Ｃ.has changed better Ｄ.changed better()

6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years.Ａ.was studying Ｂ.will study Ｃ.has studied Ｄ.are studying()

7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.Ａ.know Ｂ.had known Ｃ.have known Ｄ.knew()

8、Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_______ it twice.Ａ.will see Ｂ.have seen Ｃ.saw Ｄ.see()

9、—These farmers have been to the United States.—Really ? When _____ there ? Ａ.will they go Ｂ.did they go Ｃ.do they go Ｄ.have they gone()

10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes.I _____ it a moment ago.Ａ.Did do finished Ｂ.Have done finished Ｃ.Have done have finished Ｄ.will do finish()

11、His father ______ the Party since 1978.Ａ.joined Ｂ.has joined Ｃ.was in Ｄ.has been in()

12、—Do you know him well ? — Sure.We _________ friends since ten years ago.Ａ.were Ｂ.have been Ｃ.have become Ｄ.have made

()

13、—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months.Ａ.been Ｂ.gone Ｃ.come Ｄ.arrived()

14、Hurry up!The play __________ for ten minutes.Ａ.has begun Ｂ.had begun Ｃ.has been on Ｄ.began()

15、It _____ ten years since he left the army.Ａ.is Ｂ.has Ｃ.will Ｄ.was()

16、Miss Green isn't in the office.she_______ to the library.Ａ.has gone Ｂ.went Ｃ.will go Ｄ.has been()

17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.Ａ.have been in Ｂ.have been to Ｃ.have gone to Ｄ.have been()

18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A.so they B.don’t they C.have they D.haven’t they()

19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A.How soon, comes B.How often, got C.How long, came D.How far, arrived()20、His uncle for more than 9 years.A.has come here B.has started to work C.has lived there D.has left the university

二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。

1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑問句）

2、They have been here since 2000.(對劃線部分提問)have they been here?

3、The old man _________ last year.He for a year.(die)（動詞填空）

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)This factory ________ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years.（同義句）Her mother _______ the Party three years ________.7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here.It arrived ten minutes ago.(把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子)___________________________________________

三、漢譯英。

1、吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。

2、他昨天收到一封信。

3、我父親以前到過長城。

4、她還沒有看過那部新電影。

5、她去過上海。

6、他這些天上哪兒去了？ 7.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示一個(gè)動作從過去某時(shí)開始，延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今，或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語，如：for two hours,since early morning,these few days 等連用。構(gòu)成： 肯定句：主語+助動詞have(has)+been+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing 否定句：主語+助動詞have(has)+not+been+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing 一般疑問句：Have(Has)+ 主語+ been+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing+? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ have(has)+ 主語+ been+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing+? 例：It has been raining for three hours.We have been waiting here since an hour ago.How long has it been raining? 雨下多久了？

She has been sitting there for more than 2 hours.他已經(jīng)在那坐了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。We’ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我們常見面。

He has been telephoning me several times in two days.這兩天他打好幾次電話給我。

注意事項(xiàng)：與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)：在從過去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間里，動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。8.過去完成時(shí) 構(gòu)成：

肯定句：主語+助動詞had +動詞過去分詞-ed+其它

否定句：主語+助動詞had +not(hadn’t)+動詞過去分詞-ed+其它 一般疑問句;Had+主語+動詞過去分詞-ed+其它+？

特殊疑問句：疑問詞+had +主語+動詞過去分詞-ed+其它+？ 例：There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.用法：

1、表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動作之前已完成或延續(xù)到某一過去時(shí)間的動作或狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去“。這一動作可以是一直持續(xù)到過去這一時(shí)刻或?qū)⒗^續(xù)下去。這個(gè)過去的時(shí)間常用by，before after,）等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過去的動作或上下文來表示。例：The train had left before she got to the station.在她到車站以前，火車已開走了。

We had learned about 500 English words by the end of mine.到上個(gè)月為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了約500個(gè)英文單詞。

Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了，他曾是我的一位好友。

2、用于以連詞when, as soon as, as?as, before, after, until, now that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中或一些賓語從句中以表示動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間早于主句所表示的動作，可表示原因、動作先后等關(guān)系。如： 例：After I had finished my homework, I watched TV last night.（表時(shí)間先后）

We took a taxi home, as the last bus already gone.由于最后一班公車已開走，所以，我們就乘出租車回家。（表原因）

He got to the airport and suddenly realized that he had forgotten to bring his ticket.他趕到機(jī)場時(shí)突然意識到他忘了帶機(jī)票。

3、用在一般過去時(shí)之后的間接引語中。

He told me that he had been seen the film the day before.他跟我說他前一天看過那個(gè)電影了。注意：過去完成時(shí)的句子中，終止性動詞不能與一段時(shí)間連用，而狀態(tài)動詞的過去完成時(shí)必須和一段時(shí)間連用。如： He had already died.他已經(jīng)死了。

He had been dead for an hour.他已經(jīng)死了一個(gè)小時(shí)了。9.過去將來時(shí) 構(gòu)成： 肯定句： 主語+助動詞would+動詞原形。主語+助動詞was(were)going to+動詞原形。否定句： 主語+助動詞would+not(wouldn’t)+動詞原形。.主語+助動詞was(were)+not+ going to+動詞原形 一般疑問句：Would+主語+動詞原形+？ Was(Were)+主語+ going to+動詞原形+? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+would+主語+動詞原形+？ was(were)+主語+ going to+動詞原形+? 例：I hoped she would succeed.用法

過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)間看將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語從句或間接引語中。主要有以下幾種形式：

1、would + 動詞原形

這一形式表示過去將來時(shí)間，通常帶有表示過去將來的時(shí)間狀語，多見于從句或間接引語中。I wanted to know when you would finish the article.我想知道你什么時(shí)候?qū)懲暾撐摹?/p>

第五篇：淺談初中英語的時(shí)態(tài)教學(xué)

興義市骨干教師培訓(xùn)論文

淺談初中英語的時(shí)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)

興義市教師：羅友軍

隨著時(shí)代的進(jìn)步，科學(xué)日新月異的發(fā)展，英語這一門語言已成為當(dāng)今世界上必不可少的一種交際工具，尤其中國已經(jīng)加入WTO組織，許多“洋產(chǎn)品”，“洋老板”紛紛涌入中國，而我國目前的中學(xué)英語教學(xué)還存在許多有待解決的問題。對于我國的初中生來說，英語中的難點(diǎn)在于時(shí)態(tài)的學(xué)習(xí)。那么我們怎樣才能學(xué)習(xí)好時(shí)態(tài)呢？

首先，得弄明白時(shí)態(tài)到底指的是什么？也就是把時(shí)態(tài)的概念弄清楚。所謂時(shí)態(tài)是指主語在某一時(shí)刻或某一階段內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動作或存在的某一狀態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)是針對動詞而言，其它詞性不可能有時(shí)態(tài)而言。

第二要弄明白的是時(shí)態(tài)的內(nèi)涵。既然是指某一時(shí)刻或某階段的狀態(tài)，那么就可把時(shí)間分為過去（this morning, yesterday, last year and etc.）、現(xiàn)在(now, this year, recently and etc.)和將來(next year, tomorrow morning and etc.)三個(gè)范疇，我們把過去時(shí)間發(fā)生的事叫過去時(shí)態(tài)（如一般過去時(shí)態(tài)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)、過去將來時(shí)態(tài)、過去完成時(shí)態(tài)等）,現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的或現(xiàn)階段發(fā)生的事或存在的狀態(tài)叫現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)（如現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)），還沒有發(fā)生的，也就是將要發(fā)生的事叫將來時(shí)態(tài)（如一般將來時(shí)態(tài)）。

第三是要弄清各種時(shí)態(tài)的主要動詞的形式，也就是各種時(shí)態(tài)中主要動詞的構(gòu)成形式，要弄明白這一點(diǎn)，應(yīng)將各種時(shí)態(tài)聯(lián)系起來融會貫通，將它們系統(tǒng)的歸納起來，進(jìn)行對照記憶，如我們學(xué)會了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)后，再學(xué)習(xí)一般過去時(shí)態(tài)那就容易多了，僅僅將動詞從原來的原形或第三人稱單數(shù)改為過去式就行了，再如在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上學(xué)習(xí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，將 is/am/are +v-ing 改為

興義市骨干教師培訓(xùn)論文

was/were + v-ing 就行了，其實(shí)僅僅將助動詞改成了過去式。

第四是時(shí)間狀語和常用頻度副詞。在時(shí)態(tài)中起決定性作用的因素是時(shí)間狀語。我們要根據(jù)不同的時(shí)間狀語選用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，如時(shí)間狀語為 now或this year 等，那就不可能選用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)等，只能圍繞現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)來選擇，再如時(shí)間狀語為when you came to China.這一從句，那么主句的時(shí)態(tài)也只能是過去的某一時(shí)態(tài)。

關(guān)于時(shí)態(tài)的教學(xué)，當(dāng)然不僅僅是這些，但是我認(rèn)為首先解決了以上這些問題后，對于時(shí)態(tài)的教學(xué)或?qū)W習(xí)是會有一些幫助的。

通信地址：貴州省興義市鄭屯中學(xué) 羅友軍 收 郵編： 562409 聯(lián)系電話：***