第一篇：論文 分析《傲慢與偏見》中的愛情觀和婚姻觀

中

南

大 學(xué)

高等教育自學(xué)考試本科生畢業(yè)論文

論文題目: Views on love and marriage in “Pride and Prejudice”

分析《傲慢與偏見》中的愛情觀和婚姻觀

學(xué)生姓名：羅

考籍號：910108300488 年級專業(yè)：2007級英語 指導(dǎo)老師及職稱：湯春華 學(xué) 院：中南大學(xué)科培中心

湖南·長沙 提交日期：2010年4月

Contents

Abstract...............................................................................................................................................1 Keywords............................................................................................................................................1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................3

1、Jane Austen and the Background of Pride and Prejudice............................................3 1.1 Jane Austen................................................................................................................3 1.2 The Background of Pride and Prejudice......................................................................4

2、Four Marriages and Ideals on Love and Marriage Shown in Pride and Prejudice......5 2.1 Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice........................................................................5 2.1.1 Collins and Charlotte’s Marriage.............................................................................5 2.1.2 Lydia and Wickham’s Marriage...............................................................................7 2.1.3 Jane and Mr.Bingley’s Marriage.............................................................................7 2.1.4 Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage...............................................................................8 3.Austen’s Concept about Love and Marriage............................................................12

4、Conclusion.................................................................................................................................14 References.......................................................................................................................16 Acknowledgements.........................................................................................................19

Abstract “Pride and Prejudice” is Austen's masterpiece which described four different marriages and love.Until today, this novel is still very popular among many readers and arouses people's observation and unlimited thinking of marriage.This paper aims to probe into the views on love and marriage in ―Pride and Prejudice‖.That is: love and marriage are associated with, but not totally lie on the property and social status.The marriage which is based on the love, mutual understanding and mutual respect is a true happy marriage.Austen not only opposes marriage for money, but also is against the hasty marriage.She attaches great importance to ideal marriage and regards the feelings between men and women as the cornerstone of the ideal marriage.Keywords ―Pride and Prejudice‖;viewpoint of love;viewpoint of marriage;

摘 要

《傲慢與偏見》是奧斯汀的代表作，小說以諷刺為基調(diào)描寫了四種不同形態(tài)的婚姻觀和愛情觀，時至今日，這部小說仍然吸引著眾多讀者，引發(fā)了人們對婚姻的觀察和無限思考。本文就是通過對這四段婚姻的詳細的分析，來探討《傲慢與偏見》中的愛情觀和婚姻觀。筆者認為：愛情婚姻與財產(chǎn)和社會地位相互關(guān)聯(lián)，但絕不能僅取于它，以愛情、相互理解及相互尊重為基礎(chǔ)的婚姻才是幸福的婚姻。奧斯汀既反對為金錢而結(jié)婚，也反對草率結(jié)婚。她強調(diào)理想婚姻的重要性，并把男女雙方感情作為締結(jié)理想婚姻的基石。

關(guān)鍵詞

《傲慢與偏見》；愛情觀；婚姻觀;

Introduction

Jane Austen humorously described the marriage in the “Pride and Prejudice” and a series of marriage-related activities in a relaxed manner.The novel consisted of how man picking their wives, how the young women choosing their future husbands and how their mothers selecting their son-in-low in many wonderful scenes.By studying the marital relationship, the authors strive to portray several different marriage and love relations.Although they had got married, the happiness of marriage is differs.This was because Austen's novels the marriage was involving not only the feelings, but also social status and money.“The bachelor who own property must marry a wife, it has become a universally recognized truth.” [6], But that really is a truth? In this paper, the novel's four marriages vividly reflected the British town life and the world state of human of 18 century to the early 19th century in a conservative and isolated state.1.Jane Austen and the Background of Pride and Prejudice

1.1.Jane Austen Jane Austen(1775 – 1817，)was one of the most outstanding writer who described the middle-class in the south of England with realism.From a unique female perspective, she left six immortal works.Her works were full of rich comedy conflicts in humorous and satirical style, so they were regarded as “the art of simplicity”.In Jane Austen's works, the content was not very wide and all were related to the life of a few middle-class families.The theme was about love and marriage between men and women.In the “Simple” works of Jane Austen, they showed us, truly and accurately, the social life and interrelationship and described the social state, marriage as well as political and economic relations between middle-class women at that time.And she expressed her views on marriage, directly or indirectly, by analyzing these phenomena.She believed that marriage just for money was wrong, but marriage of no money was stupid.She also frankly disclosed the inseparable relationship between marriages, property and family status.In her novel, as long as a woman who was intelligent, decent, 3

educated, and patient could overcome social barriers, she would receive the ideal happy marriage.Austen was born in a middle-class family of a small village in England, so the people and things in her works were all connected with this environment which was very familiar to her.It is difficult for readers to find the sufferings of those working people who lived at the bottom of the society at that time.At the same time, the important events, such as the French Revolution and Industrial Revolution, were little.Her narrative was always inseparable from the party, walk, talk, dance......Although this written style received some people's criticism, she still stick to it.She once said that she was ―sculpt on two inches of ivory‖.Austen was never married, but the marriage is the eternal theme of her writings.In her works, the marriage status of middle-class people was alive.1.2.The Background of Pride and Prejudice In this great book, the author amply demonstrated her view on love and marriage.In order to analyze these points of view, we should firstly start from the background of her great works.―At that time, according to the social conditions in Britain, a good marriage for a young woman was critical.This phenomenon was closely associated with the British society and the status of women in the society.In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones in the present society.There was no equality between woman and man.Women were considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capacity.The central life of women was forced to be staying at home.Their roles were to deal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband.‖(Zhu Hong, P34, 1995)

People at that time thought that women should be submissive to their husbands.The virtues of women were patience and deference.They must recognize their inherent inferiority to men, so they must restrict their abilities without question.Although the status of women was low, few of them expressed dissatisfaction about their own destiny.At that time, many middle-class young women had three ways out: getting married, staying at home as old maids or working as the family female teachers.The income of a family female teacher was very low, and the status was low as well.It was very difficult for them to change or swap out of this status, no one would like to be a maid forever, therefore, for young

women, especially those who did not have enough properties, getting married was the only good way for them to gain respect, stability and social status.Austen fully criticized some bad phenomena at that time in her work Pride and Prejudice and took some perfect points about marriage and loved to demonstrate her own view on love and marriage.2.The Four Marriages and the Ideas on Love and Marriage shown in Pride and Prejudice The story showed the ordinary life, feelings of the ordinary people.They were organized in a harmonious order under the author's skillful arrangement.The work mainly described four marriages.Two of them were main and assisted by the other two assistant marriages.―Darcy and Elizabeth’s love and marriage was the main theme of this work.After undergoing many setbacks, Darcy’s arrogance and Elizabeth’s prejudice eventually eliminates, the lovers finally got married.The marriage of Elizabeth’s sister Jane and Darcy’s friend Bingley was another clue.They deeply loved each other, but they were multi—blocked, after their departure, Jane missed Bingley very much.The two marriages reflected the other point of view in positive way that marriage should be based on true love, which was the ideal marry in the author’s opinion.The stories seem to be the ordinary lives, feelings and persons linked up in a harmonious order under the others meticulous concepts.However, the marriage between Charlotte and Collins was a negative example with the marriage between Lydia and Wickham, which helped to make the plots more tortuous and richer.‖(Zhu Hong, P12, 1985)

2.1.Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice 2.1.1.Collins and Charlotte’s Marriage The article mentioned little of Charlotte, however, her image was very full.Charlotte was woman who is well-educated, intelligent and admired much by Elizabeth.But she was in financial difficulties.If she did not get married, she could only live in her brother's home to be a spinster.When Kosslyn had been rejected by Elizabeth and turned to propose to

Charlotte ? Lucas, She agreed without the least hesitation and still stick to marry him though she knew that Collins was a man who was neither wise nor pleasant, and very boring and that Mr.Collins did not love her and his so-called love for her was imaginary because for her “ the marriage may not make the women to be too happy, but it is always the best safe for the women, and it can ensure them not to be affected by cold and hunger.” In “Pride and Prejudice” Austen described mostly happy marriage, which often aroused the reader's controversy, because they thought that it is too unrealistic to be true.Collins and Charlotte’s marriage made a brutal footnote for Elizabeth’s romantic and happy love.Indeed we can learn that Austen was on a critical opinion of the society at that time from the fate of Charlotte: In the male-dominated society, unmarried women had no future.Elizabeth was an idealist, she would not marry a fool for money(Kosslyn)and also not to marry a man she did not love(such as the Darcy at the beginning of the story);however Charlotte who was six years older than Elizabeth and had little property was a pragmatist.In order to avoid becoming a spinster, who would suffer gossip in the society, she must make full use of any possible opportunity to get married.As Austen said, the reason that Charlotte was willing to marry him was completely for the purpose of property.She also confessed to Elizabeth: “You know I am not a romantic.Moreover I had never been this kind of person.I only ask for a comfortable home.As with Mr.Collins's character, family relations and social status, I am convinced that my chance of happiness is as fair as most people can boast on entering them marriage state ”(......I am not romantic you know.I never was.I ask only a comfortable home;and considering Mr.Collins’s character, connections, and situation in life, I am convinced that my chance of happiness is as fair as most people can boast on entering them marriage state.)And even after their marriage, Charlotte always felt that “If forget Mr.Collins, the inside and outside of the house is indeed a very comfortable place ”.This was their marriage, which was held together through a pure relation of money and wealth.To some extend, this kind of marriages is actually a social tragedy that is concealed under the gorgeous cover.Through describing such a marriage, Jane? Austen wanted to tell the readers a common point in British society at that time that the most critical factor in marriage is not love, but money.Actually, it was more than in the United Kingdom at that time, even in today's society, this view is very popular, and can be accepted by most people.That was an era in which love was exiled.We could not blame Charlotte and the vast majority of

“Charlottes” too much because it was not entirely their false perhaps in real life love can not defeat the bread forever.2.1.2.Lydia and Wickham’s Marriage

The second marriage is between Bennett’s third daughter Lydia and Wickham, the son of the housekeeper.Originally he was well-treated by his family and friends.However, he came down in the world because of his misbehavior.He got into debt, so he wanted to get money, became rich and changed his social status through marriage which was also a way to approach the talents.He was a man without any responsibility.He does nothing except assailing a woman with obscenities.In his opinion, love was only recreation.For his purpose, he enticed Lydia and got her love easily, for she was young, innocent and vainglorious, and loved to go ease and hated to work hard, and was spoilt by her mother.Getting love and praise of a boy was her dream.So when Wickham wanted to attain to his aim－getting wealth by love and exalting her beauty hypocritically, she forgot who she was and felt she was the most beautiful and happiest girl in the world.Their love did not get the permission from the parents, so then they eloped.When Elizabeth heard the news, she believed that their love was a false.Wickham would not marry Lydia, because she is not charming and had nothing to attract him, who did not love her but loved the wealth of her family.The marriage was admitted with the help of Darcy.Their marriage was considered to be a scandal in Bennett’s family.But Mrs.Bennet was not disgraceful to this marriage.When Collins got the news, he was very angry and reacted to the marriage to revenge his early failure of proposal to her.This marriage was one without love.They didn’t have the real meaning of marriage.They only wanted to satisfy their aspiration.So we can say this is a kind of impromptu love and marriage without true love and responsibility.Such couples only seek the experience of marriage but not everlasting and unchanging one.Of course, such kind of marriage is doomed to be a tragedy.2.1.3.Jane and Mr.Bingley’s Marriage In the novel, Bingley and Jane never stopped pursuing their true love although there were so many obstacles between them.Fortunately, with the help of Darcy and Elizabeth, they finally got married and had a happy life.Bingley and Jane had many similarities in their

characters, which was the main reason to the success of their marriage.They possessed personal attractiveness and dignity, social graces, and a measure of good sense.They all had good breeding, but lacked insight, strength, and self-confidence.They didn’t show their insides easily to the public because they cared the social criticism too much.For Jane, she always concealed her true feelings, which gave others an illusion that she didn’t love Bingley.For Bingley, he yielded easily to criticism of Jane’s social position and easily accepted the suggestions of his sisters and Darcy, which almost consumed the felicity between Jane and him.Frankly speaking, the outside forces facilitated their marriage.According to the relationship between Bingley and Jane, love and respect were the basic factors of their successful and happy marriage.With many similarities in character, people can understand each other easily.Most important of all, the couple with common interest can live together in a happy life.Because they understand, help and support between them.They didn’t care the defects of their partners and even they didn’t see any faults in each other.Just as the old saying goes, ―Birds of a feather flock together, people of a mind fall into the same group.‖

2.1.4.Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage Elizabeth was the actress in the “Pride and Prejudice”.Her love and marriage was the main thread running through the entire novel.At the beginning of the “recognized the truth” mentioned in the novel, all the girls in the middle-class families wanted to marry a good man.But Elizabeth had a different interpretation for a “good husband”.She believed that a husband not only need have certain number of family property but also must respect women, and at the same time there must be mutual understanding between them.Mr.Collins was the first suitor to Elizabeth.Elizabeth was surprised at first, but soon turned down Collins's proposal of marriage because she did not love Collins and could not fall in love with him.Elizabeth was impressed by Wickham’s elegant behavior and demeanor, but she still did not want to choose him to be her husband.She told her aunt that she could handle the relationship between her and Wickham and she would not fall in love with Wickham.Collins was secular cavity too, but smart without a common language with Elizabeth.Wickham is not rich man and lack of morality.Despite later Elizabeth discovered the true

face of Wickham.It did not affect the principle of Elizabeth optional husband.Wickham's exposure to poverty let him outside the scope of Elizabeth's choice of husband.But later why did Elizabeth reject Darcy who is a handsome wealthy man? Elizabeth clearly stated her answer: “Why, with so evident a design of offending and insulting me, you choose to tell me that you liked me against your will, against your reason, and even against your character? Was not this some excuse for incivility, if I was uncivil? ”(Austen, 2004:139).Of course, she had prejudice for Darcy and Wickham fabricated lies about Darcy, which had a certain impact on Elizabeth’ refusal to Darcy's marriage proposal, but the most important reason was that Elizabeth hated Darcy for their arrogant attitude.Elizabeth rejected the arrogant Darcy, but Darcy accepted the humble.Their marriage was based on Darcy's property and their love.The composition of property and the love marriage was the two indispensable important factors.When her sister Jane asked Elizabeth t how long she had fallen in love with Darcy, she replied: “It has been coming on so gradually that I hardly know when it began, but I believe I must date it from my first seeing his beautiful grounds at Pemberly.”(Austen, 2004:275)On the one hand, it revealed Elizabeth’s mockery.On the other hand, it also reflected her inner thoughts.It was this statement which reflected her attitude for money, marriage and life: The marriage based on no money was undesirable.So she visited Darcy’s luxurious Pember Lee Garden.After visiting the Manor, she felt that to be the Pember Lee Gardens hostess was quite good.From a psychological sense, it was a direct reflection of her inner thoughts.She was Bonnet’s second daughter, an active, intelligent and smart girl.She had a middle-class family background and had not been affected by the formal education belonging to those aristocratic young girls, so she was not good at music and painting, but she had read many books which made her knowledgeable and perceptive.The most important aspect was that she was a lady with dignity and upbringing.Darcy was a tall man with good manner.He was handsome, rich and powerful.So he was the ideal husband of most girls.He had grown up in the surroundings with strong sense of power, so he was always selfish and arrogant and had a critical look at each individual, except the family members.He was not concerned about anyone else, and looked down upon anyone else.Therefore, when he first arrived in the village, he found all the persons were beyond his imagination.Although every girl was young and lovely, he has no interest in young girls

except Elizabeth.But actually, at first he didn’t put an eye on Elizabeth.Gradually, he had to admit that Elizabeth was beautiful, distinct and popular, although he insisted that Elizabeth hadn't the same social status as him.Darcy was rational because he has a strong sense of power, which agreed on the reality at that time.Although he expressed his love to Elizabeth, he couldn't help showing his arrogance, which made Elizabeth have misconception and prejudice on Darcy.Darcy loved Elizabeth, but looked down upon her social status.He considered that he had been lowing himself and doing something against his will, personalities and even moral standard.He thinks that his marriage would certainly succeed and Elizabeth was waiting for him to propose marriage.Therefore, even he was irresistible to the flooding feelings, and condescends to Elizabeth.He still remembered the gap between them.Clearly, the rational aspect of Darcy’s personality performed on the realities of society.When he talked about his feelings of love, he also expressed the arrogance of these fully feelings, which resulted in the arousing resentment of Elizabeth;she rejected his marriage proposal, and angrily accused his insolence.The rational aspect of the heroine Elizabeth showed her clear, calm and actually stressful personality.Compared with her stupid mother, the smooth and lazy father, the shallow-minded, self-willed sister with feather head, Elizabeth was one with ideal mind.She was elegant like her sister Jane, but more intellectually.She also advised her sister to see through the stupidity and nonsense of those camouflage honest persons.Unconsciously, they were fascinated by each other for the physical attraction, and this led to the experience of passion in a loving relationship.In regard to Darcy, he initially did not think Elizabeth was beautiful enough, and scorned her low relatives and vulgar family members despite his later passion for Elizabeth.Darcy loved Elizabeth’s charming appearance and intelligence.His admiration for Elizabeth was obvious in the following details.When Elizabeth went to look after her sister Jane on foot, Miss Bingley made fun of her and her family at the back.Even Miss Bingley said to Darcy, ―I am afraid….that this adventure has rather lessened your admiration for her fine eyes‖.But Darcy replied: ―Not at all, they are brightened by the exercise‖.At Pemberley when Miss Bingley noticed that Darcy admired Elizabeth, she intended to confuse Elizabeth and made her show some feeling that might harm her in Darcy’s opinion.But it meant nothing to Darcy.She continued to criticize Elizabeth’s appearance, behavior and dress.Darcy could no longer control himself

and said: ―For many months I have considered her as one of the best looking women I have consider her as one of the best looking women in my acquaintance‖.The intimacy component was formed after the prejudice was relieved.For Elizabeth, there are three elements causing her prejudice against Darcy—Darcy’s humiliation of her at the Meryton assembly by his aloof manner and superiority;and her suspicion of his responsibility for Mr.Bingley’s sudden migration to London which would ruin her sister’s chance of happiness.So when he made his proposal to Elizabeth, he heard her say: ―I had not known you a month before I felt that you were the last man in the world whom I could ever be induced to marry‖.Shocked and humiliated by Elizabeth’s refusal, the arrogant Darcy finally learned his lessons from Elizabeth.Upright as he actually was, Darcy wrote letter to Elizabeth, reveals the true character of Wickham and his true perception of Jane’s manner to Bingley.It was at this moment that Elizabeth contemplated the whole thing and she turned ―absolutely ashamed of herself‖, and the prejudice was relieved.Elizabeth at this point moved from strong hospitality to benevolent neutrality, but ―she could not approve him;or refusal, or feel the slightest inclination ever to see him again‖.The commitment component was formed after Elizabeth accept Darcy’s proposal.Only on the condition that Elizabeth saw the altered new Darcy, could she accept him as her man, who she respected and who respected her and her family.When Darcy meets Elizabeth at Pemberly unexpectedly, he entered into conversation with Mr.Gardiner.Elizabeth’s uncle, and asked permission for his sister to call upon Elizabeth.When Elizabeth told him that Lydia has run away with Wickham, he didn’t despise her but brought about the marriage by giving Wickham money.He started to stand on the level of equality to propose Elizabeth and he succeeded.After dispelling all misunderstandings, all three components of love——intimacy, passion, and commitment are formed.3.Austen’s Concept about Love and Marriage

Jane Austen is a writer who regards novel writing as a sophisticated art.With a cool hand, she always has her imagination and passion under control.With great details drawn from everyday life and activities, the pictures of her characters are vividly portrayed and everyone comes alive.With simple language and conversing dialogues, her novels are surprisingly realistic.When she converted the disorderly reality into an orderly artistic unity, she pays much attention to the formal qualities of composition, to the design, and to the subordination of the parts to the whole.Her plots appear natural, unforced.They were developed easily and unhurriedly under the author’s perfect control.All the characters have their place in the plot and contribute to the main story.At her best, she keeps balance between facts and form as no other English novelist has ever done.Jane Austen is one of the few novelists who have managed fully to satisfy the requirements in the art of novel writing.Compared with other writers, Jane Austen defined hers stories within a narrow sphere.The subject matters, the character range, the social setting and plots are all restrict to the late 18th century England.Everything in her novels reminds us of a quiet, uneventful and contented life of the English country.Jane Austen believed that a man’s relation to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his belief and career, and reveals him fundamentally, so she characterizes readers a human being not at moments of crisis, but in the most trivial incidents of everyday life, such as their personal relations, human beings with their families and neighbors, etc.As a result, her novels have a universal significance.Jane Austen’s main concern is about human beings in their personal relationship.As a result her novels have a universal significance.From her point of view, life is made up of small things and human nature reveals itself in them as fully as in big ones and a man’s relationship to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his concerns about his belief and career, which reveals his moral quality more accurately and truthfully.So when Jane Austen writes she would describe human being in the most trivial incidents of everyday life rather than at moments of crisis.She wrote within a narrow sphere.The subject matter, the character range, the social settings and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th century England.Her attention would go to three or four landed gentle

families with their daily routine life: relationships with members of their own family and with their friends, dancing parties, tea parties, picnics, barbecues and gossips.As a realistic writer, she considers it her duty to express in her words a serious criticism of life and to expose the weakness and illusions of mankind.In her style she is a neoclassicism advocator, upholding those traditional ideas of order, reason, proportion and graceful in novel writing.The interest of Jane Austen is to study human being in their relations with other people in daily life, so her novels concern about the relationship between men and women in love.Stories of love and marriage provide the framework for all her novels and in which women are always taken as the major characters.In their pursuit of a happy marriage, they could be grouped into three categories: those who marry for money, position and property, those who marry just for passion and those who marry for love which is based on consideration of both the person’s personal merit and his economical and social status.So in her novels the point that money is not the only thing in the consideration of marriage but it plays a very important role found best reflection there.Austen’s this view towards marriage is still very popular nowadays.There are a lot of novels talking about marriage in Britain, but scarcely an author could be like Austen, exposing the money-essence of capitalism marriage system so deeply.In brief, it is money that determines everybody’s life and fate, especially marriage.As for it was pragmatic meaning, it could be forceful and penetrating.No wonder that David Dax，a western Marxism critic said, in the aspect of exposing ―the economics of human beings’ behavior‖, Jane Austen, ―to some extent, had been a Marxist before Marx’s being born.4.Conclusion As in any good love story, the lovers must elude and overcome numerous stumbling blocks, beginning with the tensions caused by the lovers’ own personal qualities.Elizabeth’s pride makes her misjudge Darcy on the basis of a poor first impression, while Darcy’s prejudice against Elizabeth’s poor social standing blinds him, for a time, to her many virtues.Of course, one could also say that Elizabeth is guilty of prejudice and Darcy of pride: the title cuts both ways.Austen, meanwhile, poses countless smaller obstacles to the realization of the love between Elizabeth and Darcy, including Lady Catherine’s attempt to control her nephew, Miss Bingley’s snobbery, Mrs.Bennet’s idiocy, and Wickham’s deceit.In each case, anxieties about social connections, or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love.Darcy and Elizabeth’s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Austen views love as something independent of these social forces, as something that can be captured if only an individual is able to escape the warping effects of hierarchical society.Austen does sound some more realist(or, one could say, cynical)notes about love, using the character of Charlotte Lucas, who marries the buffoon Mr.Collins for his money, to demonstrate that the heart does not always dictate marriage.Yet with her central characters, Austen suggests that true love is a force separate from society and one that can conquer even the most difficult of circumstances.The title tells the major concern of the novel: pride and prejudice.Pride is the character flaw that causes Elizabeth to dislike Darcy upon their first meeting.Yet Elizabeth herself also suffers from the same flaw;her pride in her own ability to analyze character is such that she refuses to reevaluate Darcy in the face of evidence in his favor.The concept of pride can be defined into two ways: positive and negative.Possessing positive or right pride is to have self-respect, honor, and integrity.On the other hand, wrong or negative pride is defined as showing arrogant or disdainful conduct and haughtiness.Mr.Darcy displays the positive side of pride while Mr.Bennet possesses wrong or negative pride, and a lack of pride itself in some cases.Darcy is responsible for his sister, himself, his estate, and his family name.He takes pride in these things and does anything he can to protect them.But Mr.Bennet who is a father of five daughters, a husband, and the holder of reputable conduct in the family, does

not take pride in his family or takes his responsibility;Mr.Bennet ridicules the members of his family instead of controlling their unruly actions.Pride and Prejudice depicts a society in which a woman’s reputation is of the utmost importance.A woman is expected to behave in certain ways.Stepping outside the social norms makes her vulnerable to ostracism.This theme appears in the novel, when Elizabeth walks to Netherfield and arrives with muddy skirts, to the shock of the reputation-conscious Miss Bingley and her friends.At other points, the ill-mannered, ridiculous behavior of Mrs.Bennet gives her a bad reputation with the more refined(and snobbish)Darcy and Bingley.Austen pokes gentle fun at the snobs in these examples, but later in the novel, when Lydia elopes with Wickham and lives with him out of wedlock, the author treats reputation as a very serious matter.By becoming Wickham’s lover without benefit of marriage, Lydia clearly places herself outside the social pale, and her disgrace threatens the entire Bennet family.Love is wonderful.The distance between two hearts is not necessarily because physical proximity or separation may change.But youth and love are the most likely to disappear under the sun of things.A woman can be deeply loved by a man in her all life.Is that a kind of happy? Or, a woman in her life missed a man who deeply loved her.What kind of regrets? Pride and Prejudice are the two points in our common human weaknesses.The human nature is too easily distorted, alienated.If not carefully or falling into blindness, you will loss of justice and reason.Meanwhile it was manipulated by emotions and it will go wrong.Elizabeth and Darcy is only one representative.The origin, property, status, education, once stained with upper edge, it is easy arrogance of the illnesses contracted on the poor, low, vulgar person disdained eyes;while the low status, property, few people, for humanity a kind of self-esteem, places biased against the pride of the superior person, which naturally is another distortion of arrogance.In “Pride and Prejudice”, although it is a battle of wits and means shining love sitcoms, actually tells us a truth, that is a solid love is the cornerstone of marriage.In order to property, money and status of marriage is wrong;while marriage does not take into account the factors mentioned above is also foolish.Love and similar interests are the basic factors of a successful and happy marriage.With many similarities in character, people can understand each other easily.Most important of all, the couple with similar interests can live together with a happy life, because there are

understandings, helps and supporting between them.They don’t care the defects of their partners and even they don’t see any faults in each other.Just as the old saying going, ―Birds of a feather flock together, people of a mind fill into the same group.‖

References：

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Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis.I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Miss.Tang who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies.In the preparation of the thesis，she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice.Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in The Central South of University, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically prepared for the thesis.I should finally like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.

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On the Disposal of Cultural Differences in the Translation 112 譯者主體性視角下的翻譯策略—楊氏夫婦《聊齋志異》英譯本個案研究 113 《了不起的蓋茨比》中喬丹?貝克的人物分析 114 英文電影片名漢譯的創(chuàng)造性叛逆原則 115 文本狂歡與女性主義理想：《馬戲團之夜》之狂歡化理論解讀 116 The Narrative Strategies of O.Henry’s Short Stories 117 《傲慢與偏見》中的對立與統(tǒng)一

論羅伯特?佩恩?沃倫《國王的人馬》中對真理與自我認知的追求 119 論廣告定位中的文化沖突及對策

淺析《理智與情感》中簡奧斯汀的婚姻觀 121 論《一個溫和的建議》中的黑色幽默 122 廣告英語中的隱喻研究

從麥琪的禮物中折射出歐亨利對已故妻子的愛 124 《遠離塵囂》中女主角的情感變遷研究 125 英語中的性別歧視

The Translation of English Film Title 127 小說《小公主》主人公薩拉的性格魅力 128 中國夢和美國夢的對比分析

英語報刊新聞標題的特點及解讀 130 中西方喪葬文化的對比研究

分析《傲慢與偏見》與《簡愛》中覺醒的女性意識 132 An Application of Schema Theory in Interpreting 133 探討圖式理論對英語專業(yè)四級閱讀中的指導(dǎo)作用

The Study of Strategies on Cosmetic Marketing based on Female Consumption Psychology 135 On the Application of Newmark’s Theory in Tourism English Translation 136 弗吉尼亞?伍爾夫《到燈塔去》兩性意象的象征研究 137 霍桑的罪惡觀在《紅字》中的體現(xiàn) 138 《寵兒》女主人公賽斯人物形象分析 139 《了不起的蓋茨比》中的象征 140 廣告英語及其翻譯

簡析《卡斯特橋市長》中亨查德的悲劇命運 142 英語委婉語負面影響研究

A Survey of the Manifestations of “Babel” in the Movie Babel 144

作為失敗者的淑：雙性同體視角 146 中美價值觀比較

淺析奧斯丁的女性意識

A Comparison between Scarlett O’Hara and Jane Eyre from the Perspective of Feminism 149 分析苔絲悲劇的形成原因

論《弗蘭肯斯坦》中怪物悲劇的必然性 151 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 152 從認知的角度來看主動語態(tài)在商務(wù)信函中的語用功能 153 美國夢的幻滅——追問蓋茨比命運的悲劇性根源 154 《小王子》中的象征意蘊的分析 155 從《小王子》看成人世界的身份危機 156 中西方祭祀文化之異同

157 海明威的“冰山原則”與其短篇小說的人物對話 158 任務(wù)型教學(xué)在初中英語的實施情況研究

159 Characteristics of Interpretation and Roles of Interpreters 160 探索《小王子》中主人公的性格

161 負遷移在詞匯層面上對中國學(xué)生的英語作為第二語言寫作的影響 162 《小城畸人》里的象征主義手法分析

163 簡?奧斯汀《諾桑覺寺》中人物對愛情和婚姻的不同態(tài)度 164 《吉姆爺》的生態(tài)女性主義解讀 165 簡單原則：《瓦爾登湖》的主題分析 166 呼嘯山莊之人性的泯滅

167 英語歌曲在英語教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用 168 《紅字》中海斯特性格分析

169 合作原則視角下探析廣告語篇中省略的會話含意 170 英語基本味覺詞“甜/苦”的隱喻機制 171 旅游與文化

172 從中西文化差異的角度淺析商宴之道

173 《園會》中男性人物性格作用分析 174 艾米莉狄金森死亡詩歌的解讀 175 簡析比喻在《圍城》中的運用

176 美國牛仔形象演變和西部電影發(fā)展的研究 177 論象征主義在《喜福會》中的體現(xiàn)

178 Verification of Soft Term in Letter of Credit 179 On the Gothic Feature of Edgar Allan Poe’s The Black Cat 180 美國基督新教與中國儒家的倫理道德的比較 181 笛福《魯賓遜漂流記》中魯賓遜形象解析 182 初中英語口語教學(xué)的課堂管理

183 On the Translation of Children’s Literature in the Light of the Skopostheory:A Case Study of The dventures of Tom Sawyer 184 試析《弗蘭肯斯坦》中的哥特風(fēng)格

185 從《印度之行》看福斯特的人文主義思想觀 186 從《盲人》中的“血性意識”看勞倫斯的文明觀 187 中美禮貌用語的跨文化對比分析 188 “紅”、“黃”漢英聯(lián)想意義對比研究

189 論赫爾曼?梅爾維爾《白鯨》中的象征主義 190 從文化差異角度談國際商務(wù)談判中的語言技巧 191 論修辭在廣告語中的運用和翻譯 192 中國傳統(tǒng)文化中特色詞語的翻譯

193 析喬治艾略特在《織工馬南》中的語言特色

194 從《去吧，摩西》中的“熊”看福克納對人性的探討 195 論《傲慢與偏見》中的愛情觀和婚姻觀 196 從植物詞看英漢文化差異

197 分析《基輔怨》中雅柯夫的“受難”主題

198 路易莎?梅?奧爾科特《小婦人》中的女性話語 199 淺析伍爾夫意識流小說中的敘事時間

200 Tradition and Beyond—Reading The Diviners as a Bildungsroman

第四篇：大學(xué)生的愛情觀和婚姻觀

淺談愛情觀和婚姻觀

愛情和婚姻是人生中的必修課，沒有經(jīng)歷過愛情和婚姻的人生是不完整的。但是，對于大學(xué)生來說，要樹立正確的愛情和婚姻觀念，不能因為沉迷于愛情而荒廢學(xué)業(yè)。作為一名大學(xué)生，下面就淺談一些個人的愛情觀和婚姻觀。

愛情觀

有人說，大學(xué)生不應(yīng)該談戀愛，而是要以學(xué)習(xí)為重，但我認為，大學(xué)的愛情是最純潔的，你不想戀愛，不代表戀愛不會降臨到你身邊，那為何不珍惜這個享受的機會呢？每個人都想有一個人能在你傷心時給你依靠，在你不開心時哄你開心，在大學(xué)里，要學(xué)會做人，學(xué)會生活，學(xué)會戀愛，也許分手的不少，但沒分手的也有很多。當有位異性真誠地向你表達傾慕之情，并希望有進一步交往時，如果感覺對了，為何不給彼此一個機會呢？

愛情有很多種形式，也許在大學(xué)期間，所談的戀愛只處在喜歡階段，但隨著相處的時間慢慢變長，喜歡終究會變成愛，大學(xué)戀愛并不可怕，關(guān)鍵是要樹立正確的愛情觀，不要因為談戀愛而影響學(xué)業(yè)。要學(xué)會對自己負責(zé)，對未來負責(zé)，知道自己在做什么，為什么這么做，在戀愛與學(xué)習(xí)中找到一個平衡點，正確處理戀愛挫折和問題，取得學(xué)業(yè)與愛情兩得意。

如果愛，請深愛；如果不愛，請離開；愛就大聲說出來，因為誰都不知道，明天和意外，哪個會先來。遇到合適的，就好好地談一場戀愛，不分手最好，分手了就當吸取經(jīng)驗，不過，在交往期間要真誠對待，千萬不能玩弄別人的感情。

婚姻觀

婚姻是神圣的殿堂，婚姻同愛情不同，婚姻強調(diào)得更多的是一種責(zé)任，當與對方簽下結(jié)婚證的那一刻起，肩負的不僅僅是對對方愛的給予，更多的是一種一生一世的承諾和永不離棄的相伴。

婚姻是愛情的升華，美滿的婚姻需要雙方的兩情相悅和互相扶持，當然，這離不開對物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)和精神層面的各種考慮，但如果單純?yōu)榱私疱X、地位、權(quán)勢等方面的因素而結(jié)婚，可能短時間內(nèi)不會有很大矛盾，不過，隨著時間的推移，矛盾會被逐漸激化，甚至最終會導(dǎo)致離婚收場。

也許隨著思想觀念的越來越開放，很多人的婚姻意識逐漸淡薄，但傳統(tǒng)觀念上認為，婚姻與家庭密切相關(guān)，婚姻的成功體現(xiàn)了家庭的幸福，家庭的美滿又彰顯出婚姻的意義。我認為，真誠相對是維持婚姻的最好方法之一，就像謝庭鋒和張柏芝，如果張柏芝能坦白自己的所為，可能并不會導(dǎo)致離婚。因此，要想維持一段美好的婚姻，需要雙方的共同努力，坦誠相待，互相關(guān)心，愛情保鮮等。

婚姻不能當兒戲，要經(jīng)過深思熟慮才能確定是否真的要在一起生活。一旦結(jié)婚了，就只能專一地愛對方，包容對方，相濡以沫，當然，如果不幸福，離婚也是一種解脫。另外，在現(xiàn)今的社會中，婚外情是對婚姻的不忠和不尊重，是會被世人唾棄的。

第五篇：傲慢與偏見婚姻觀的分析中文英文~

(一)莉蒂亞和韋漢的婚姻：盲目的激情，追求享樂

在《傲慢與偏見》中，最不被人看好的婚姻，無疑就是莉蒂亞和韋漢的婚姻了。作者甚至沒有正面交代二人是如何相戀，繼而出走的。只是簡單的透過珍和迦迪南舅媽寫給伊莉莎白的信，讓讀者瞭解大概的情況。兩人之間很難說有什麼愛情，即使勉強有，也只能算是一時的激情。Austen 對他們的婚姻持以一種批判的態(tài)度，莉蒂亞的輕浮、魯莽和無知即使在小說的結(jié)尾也沒有改變，韋漢的狡詐、野心和膚淺也使我們感到厭惡。基于兩人個性的因素，莉蒂亞和韋漢的婚姻的不穩(wěn)定性是顯而易見的。然而，理智、感情與道德可以說是婚姻精神層面上最重要的組成部分，而這樁婚姻卻不具備任何一項，可見，他們婚姻的失敗是早已注定。韋漢選擇莉蒂亞的原因，書中并沒有詳細指出，不過他之所以同意與莉蒂亞結(jié)婚，金錢發(fā)揮了重要的作用。韋漢是個不折不扣的花花公子，在與莉蒂亞私奔前，曾經(jīng)追求過金小姐和達西小姐，目的都是為了錢。韋漢懷有這樣的心態(tài)，與當時的社會風(fēng)氣不無關(guān)係。在18 世紀時財富仍是社會中上層人士擇偶時的重點，同時韋漢做為地位稍底的中等階級，并沒有大量的財產(chǎn)傳承，因而更加重了他對金錢的貪婪。最終還是達西出面，替韋漢償還了債務(wù)，并在莉蒂亞名下的錢之外，又給了她一千英鎊，并給韋漢買了個官職，最終換來了莉蒂亞和韋漢的婚姻。可見在這段婚姻中除了盲目的激情，金錢也扮演了關(guān)鍵的角色。

(二)夏綠蒂和柯林斯的婚姻：向現(xiàn)實妥協(xié)

在《傲慢與偏見》中，金錢和愛情往往是形影不離的。小說裡人們談婚論嫁時總少不了金錢的影子，而闡述金錢對于婚姻選擇的影響，一個最典型的例子就是柯林斯和夏綠蒂的婚姻

柯林斯選擇夏綠蒂做自己的妻子，顯然不是因為愛上他，在柯林斯向伊莉莎白求婚時就已經(jīng)詳細闡述了他要結(jié)婚的理由：（注一）“第一，我生活安定；第二，我認為結(jié)婚可以使我更加快樂；第三，狄堡夫人希望我能有一個能干、會照料家庭的賢內(nèi)助，因為這對我的前途大有幫助。”因而當柯林斯向伊莉莎白求婚遭到拒絕后，他毫不猶豫的把結(jié)婚對象轉(zhuǎn)向了

夏綠蒂。柯林斯急著結(jié)婚，并不是出于個人需要，只是在完成他所崇拜的狄堡夫人所要求的一項任務(wù)，只要結(jié)婚了就算完成了任務(wù)。至于結(jié)婚對像是誰，對她是否有感情這些并不重要。而且夏綠蒂還算是出身貴族的小姐，也算是門當戶對，這也已經(jīng)足夠了

夏綠蒂?盧卡斯可以說是《傲慢與偏見》裡有智慧并富有理性的一位女子，是她最先看出達西對伊莉莎白有意，并且向伊莉莎白表達她對珍和賓利感情發(fā)展的擔憂，不可否認的，他的顧慮也是正確的。夏綠蒂的聰明伶俐令人印象深刻，但更讓人感嘆的是她對于自己婚姻選擇的那份精明。她清楚得瞭解自己的需求，對一個外表既不出眾，也沒有什麼豐厚嫁妝，更不奢求浪漫的女子而言，或許與柯林斯的婚姻就能滿足，所以，嫁給柯林斯何嘗不是一種無奈又實際的選擇。聰明的她早就看出了柯林斯既不通情達理，又不討人喜歡。但是她還是選擇了他，因為夏洛特選擇的這種婚姻，能確保她不至于貧困挨餓，也不用擔心丈夫變心，至于婚姻幸福與否就要放到次要位置了。

Austen 并不欣賞這樣的婚姻，透過文字可以感覺到她對這種婚姻的嘲諷。但以現(xiàn)代的角度來看，夏洛特的選擇，是迫于現(xiàn)實的無奈。

(三)伊莉莎白和達西的婚姻：情投意合，理智與情感的完美結(jié)合伊莉莎白與達西的婚姻是《傲慢與偏見》中最美滿、最成功的理想婚姻，二人的結(jié)合是真正建立在愛情的基礎(chǔ)之上。

伊莉莎白在貝納家中排行老二，她雖然沒有珍那麼美麗的外表，卻也亭亭玉立。更可貴的是她不但聰明伶俐，活潑可愛，而且還有著豐富的個性和內(nèi)涵。伊莉莎白認識到了當時社會上以財富和社會地位來談婚論嫁的風(fēng)氣，自己最好的朋友的婚姻也不是建立在愛情的基礎(chǔ)之上，但她并沒有迷失自己，而是選擇繼續(xù)勇敢地追尋自己的愛情。正是伊莉莎白的這種不凡的談吐和高貴的情操吸引了達西，讓達西對她產(chǎn)生愛意。

伊莉莎白和達西。但兩個人在性格上都有各自的弱點：伊莉莎白是一位中產(chǎn)階級的小姐，受過中等教育，是一名紳士的女兒。但與貴族階級相比，家庭地位還是低下，親友又是欠缺教養(yǎng)，常常在公共場合丑態(tài)百出，使她自慚自愧，在這樣的環(huán)境中就為她性格中的偏見奠定了基礎(chǔ)；而達西性格內(nèi)向，不喜歡和陌生人說話，再加上他出身豪門，擁有巨額財富，難免會給人傲慢的印象。兩人剛開始接觸時，對彼此的印象都不好。但隨著接觸的增加，漸漸地被伊莉莎白的美麗和可愛所打動，尤其是她機靈的頭腦和詼諧更是深深吸引了他，儘管他覺得伊莉莎白出身不算高貴，看不起她的家庭并認定自己向伊莉莎白求婚，已經(jīng)是降低了身分，違背了自己的意志、理智，甚至是違背人格的行為。他認為身份低微而又缺少金錢財富的伊莉莎白對他這樣身份的大少爺表達之愛意一定會欣喜若狂的接受。但是他的自以為是，卻激起了伊莉莎白的怒火，并斷然拒絕了他的求婚，還毫不留情地指責(zé)他的傲慢無禮。

條件再好的人，若不是以對等的眼光看待彼此，便不會產(chǎn)生愛情，更別說是婚姻了。于是達西漸漸認識到了自己的不足，他接受了伊莉莎白的指正，并改正了自己傲慢自負的缺點。而且在達西挺身而出，解決了莉蒂亞和韋漢的問題后，也贏得了伊莉莎白的尊重，另一方面，伊莉莎白也透過韋漢的言行與週遭人的評論，瞭解到自己的無知與偏見，并逐漸接受了「悔過」的達西，兩人之間終于產(chǎn)生了真摯的感情，并締結(jié)成了美滿的姻緣。

金錢在《傲慢與偏見》中無處不在，即使在伊莉莎白和達西的愛情中也不免摻雜著一點金錢的因素。在外人看來，伊莉莎白如同撿到了寶，就像貝納太太所說的，他將會變成一位有錢的貴婦，先前對達西先生的不滿與憤怒，早已消失。而伊莉莎白和達西的婚姻之所以超脫于書中描寫的其他幾樁婚姻，就是因為兩人不但品德高尚，而且是真心相愛。

Impressions of Pride and Prejudice

I’ve read a book called Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen during this winter holidays.Jane Austen was unmarried all her life.She was born in a mid-class family and was brought up in a comfortable environment with harmonious surroundings, so there’s not too many conflicts in her sight neither in her novel.In Pride and Prejudice she talked different ideas about love and marriage through different characters.The novel has told an interesting story: Mr.Bennet is an English gentleman with an estate in Hertfordshire.He has five unmarried daughters but no sons while his inheritance must be inherited by a male, so Mrs.Bennet has been keen to seek husband for her daughters with great enthusiasm.One day the Bennets had a new neighbor called Bingley who was a wealthy bachelor

and followed be the target of Mrs.Bennet.At a ball Bingley fell in love with Jane Bennet who’s the oldest daughter of the Bennets.Bingley’s friend Darcy also came to the ball and struck the sights, many girls liked him while he thought all of them couldn’t suit his preference, including Elizabeth.Mr.Darcy always shows others a impression of pride, having found this Elizabeth began to hate Mr.Darcy.Before long Darcy fell in love with Elizabeth Bennett(second oldest daughter in the Bennets)because of her lovely behavior, while Elizabeth is disgusted by his pride and has a prejudice about him.The official Wickham was welcomed by the villagers, and Elizabeth also took a shine to him.Wickham told Elizabeth that his father had been the steward of the Darcys.The old Darcy had regarded Wickham as his own son and showed more love to him than to Mr.Darcy.After the old Darcy died, the property should be inherited by Wickham was all deprived by Mr.Darcy, also was his pastorate.All this increased Eli’s prejudice about Mr.Darcy.At another ball Mr.Darcy invited Elizabeth to dance with him, but Eli refused him.Eli’s elder male cousin Mr.Collin came to Hertfordshire to inherit the Bennett's property by rules, he wanted to marry with one of the Bennets.Having known that Jane was already engaged with Mr.Bingley, he asked Elizabeth to marry him but was seriously rejected.At last he proposed to Charllote who was Eli’s friend.Mr.Collins was good at flattering and he got the pastorate with the help of Lady Catherine.Once his family was invited to Rosings Garden by Lady Catherine.Elizabeth also went there with Mr.Collin and Charllote.There she met Mr.Darcy who’s Lady Catherine’s nephew.Later in a garden, Sir William told Eli about Mr.Darcy’s latest act of dissuading Mr.Bingley’s marring Jane Bennet which caused Eli’s exceedingly anger.Then Mr.Darcy came to the Collins’ and confessed his love for Elizabeth, of course he was rejected impolitely.Afterwards Mr.Darcy wrote a letter to Eli in order to remove her misunderstandings of him.Elizabeth’s uncle and aunt were also impressed by Mr.Darcy’s politeness.Gradually Eli’s prejudice of Mr.Darcy diappeared.Eventually they became couple.The writer Jane Austen disclosed mid-class young ladies’ different ideas of marriage and love through describing the different ways in which the Bennet girls doing with their marriage problems ,and this undoubtedly shows the writer’s idea about love and marriage: it’s wrong to get married just for property, wealth and status while neither would it be without caring about those elements.Jane Austen just attached great significance to marriage through her novel by telling people that marriage should be regarded carefully cause it is not a game you could just enjoy without prudent consideration.She also wanted to deliver information that marriage should be based on real love between the lovers.The female subject Elizabeth is a mid-class girl, and Darcy proposed to her regardless of the gap between them, but Elizabeth refused because of his pride had formed Eli’s prejudice.Cause Darcy’s pride was a suggest of status gap between he and Eli, he wouldn’t have the same thought with Eli and consequently the ideal marriage.But later Darcy’s doings especially his change of the prideful manner eliminated Eli’s misunderstandings and prejudice about him, and Eli accepted his proposal.Those two opposite attitudes reflect female’s pursue of independent personality and equality.I think Elizabeth has personality ethic which caused her independent idea about love and marriage and in consequence she earned a happy life.There’re also Eli’s sisters’ love stories served as contrasts to the female subject’s ideal marriage, such as Charlotte and Collin’s life: they do had a luxury life, but there’s noreal love between them and this kind of marriage is surely a tragedy of society.