第一篇:初二一單元教案
榆次海貝英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)學(xué)校—教學(xué)部
Unit1
語(yǔ)言目標(biāo):
1.通過(guò)對(duì)本單元的學(xué)習(xí),掌握并熟練運(yùn)用頻度副詞.2.學(xué)習(xí)一些健康飲食習(xí)慣.一 單詞:
1.頻度副詞單詞,always, usually, often,sometimes, hardly ever, never 2.食物類(lèi)單詞:junk food, milk, coffee, chip, cola,chocolate 3.n/v: exercise, Internet, program, result, active, health, habit,grade, different, maybe, although, for, keep, must, less 4.once a week, twice a month, three or four times 5,go skateboarding, look after,surf the Interner, read English books, eat vegetables/ fruits/junk food, want sb to do sth.Come home from school, eat less meat ,eating habits 二 句子:
1.She says it’s good for my health;I try to eat a lot of vegetables;I think I’m kind of unhealthy;so maybe I’m not very healthy,although I have one healthy habit;A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health.,三 教具:ppt 四.作業(yè).1,單詞背會(huì),家長(zhǎng)聽(tīng)寫(xiě)并簽字。2作文。My friend’s habits。教學(xué)框架圖: 第一課時(shí)(35m)第二課時(shí)(40m)第三課時(shí)(40m)
第四課時(shí)(30m)
教學(xué)流程及教學(xué)語(yǔ)言組織參考: 第一課時(shí)(35m)Warming up
T: 問(wèn)候全世界最有活力的同學(xué)們,大家現(xiàn)在好!T: 一份真誠(chéng)的友誼來(lái)源于簡(jiǎn)單的自我介紹: T:跳個(gè)熱身舞蹈
T: 與你身旁5個(gè)同伴擊掌,并告訴他:“l(fā)earn from each other and make progress” 分組,隊(duì)名,隊(duì)呼
T:講單詞,對(duì)單詞進(jìn)行歸類(lèi)講解。短語(yǔ)/副詞/形容詞/名詞和動(dòng)詞/其他的 音標(biāo)歸類(lèi)法講解
重點(diǎn)單詞的區(qū)分;how often/how soon/ how long/ how many/how much Sometimes/some times/sometime/some time Difference/difference/
everyday/every day 第二課時(shí)(40m)
T: what do you usually do on weedkends? S;I usually go the movies.T: How often do you shop? S;I shop once a month.內(nèi)部資料,妥善保存,請(qǐng)勿相互借閱!
榆次海貝英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)學(xué)校—教學(xué)部
T引出一些頻度副詞板書(shū)并進(jìn)行講解,并讓同學(xué)們互相練習(xí)句型”what does he do on weekends? How often does he watch TV? 第三課時(shí)(40m)
T: 講兩篇課文。問(wèn)學(xué)生們一些活動(dòng),及其活動(dòng)頻率。讓學(xué)生組織詞言寫(xiě)成一篇小短文。T:通過(guò)問(wèn)孩子們一些問(wèn)題讓孩子們知道哪些是健康食品。課文告訴我們什么呢,領(lǐng)孩子們背會(huì)課文,板書(shū)一幅健康飲食結(jié)構(gòu)圖及健康飲食習(xí)慣給我們帶來(lái)的好處。第四課時(shí)(30m)
T: 做習(xí)題
內(nèi)部資料,妥善保存,請(qǐng)勿相互借閱!
第二篇:初二一升國(guó)旗儀式演講稿
初二一升國(guó)旗儀式演講稿
愛(ài)國(guó)就是對(duì)祖國(guó)的忠誠(chéng)和熱愛(ài)。歷朝歷代,許多仁人志士都具有強(qiáng)烈的憂國(guó)憂民思想,以國(guó)事為己任,前仆后繼,臨難不屈,保衛(wèi)祖國(guó),關(guān)懷民生,這種可貴的精神,使中華民族歷經(jīng)劫難而不衰。愛(ài)國(guó)的內(nèi)容十分廣泛,熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)的山河,熱愛(ài)民族的歷史,關(guān)心祖國(guó)的命運(yùn),在危難之時(shí)英勇戰(zhàn)斗,為祖國(guó)捐軀,都是愛(ài)國(guó)主義的表現(xiàn)。在中華民族五千年的發(fā)展歷程中,中華民族形成了以愛(ài)國(guó)主義為核心的偉大的民族精神。
勤勞智慧的中華兒女共同開(kāi)拓了遼闊的疆域,創(chuàng)造了輝煌燦爛的文化。肩負(fù)著實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的我們,要熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)的大好河山,積極維護(hù)祖國(guó)的主權(quán)獨(dú)立和領(lǐng)土完整,祖國(guó)的領(lǐng)土寸土不能丟,釣魚(yú)島是中國(guó)的固有領(lǐng)土這一事實(shí)誰(shuí)都改變不了
今天,我國(guó)已步入新的歷史時(shí)期,機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)并存,我們將面臨越來(lái)越多的新情況、新問(wèn)題。更需要我們不斷弘揚(yáng)愛(ài)國(guó)主義的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。只有這樣,中華民族才能重振雄風(fēng),為人類(lèi)文明與進(jìn)步做出更大的貢獻(xiàn)。
少年興則國(guó)興,小年強(qiáng)則國(guó)強(qiáng)。我們要適應(yīng)時(shí)代發(fā)展的要求,正確認(rèn)識(shí)祖國(guó)的歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí),增強(qiáng)愛(ài)國(guó)的情感和振興祖國(guó)的責(zé)任感,樹(shù)立民族自尊心與自信心;弘揚(yáng)偉大的中華民族精神,把愛(ài)國(guó)之志變成報(bào)國(guó)之行。看中國(guó)近年來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展取得的輝煌成績(jī),看十八大報(bào)告為我們描繪的宏偉藍(lán)圖,我們更充滿了民族自信心,對(duì)美好未來(lái)充滿了向往。我們要振奮精神,今天為復(fù)興中華而勤奮學(xué)習(xí),明天為創(chuàng)造祖國(guó)輝煌未來(lái)貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量!
2012年11月26日
第三篇:牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊二一單元全英文教案
長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)城南學(xué)院英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教育模擬實(shí)習(xí)教案
Unit1 Tales of the unexplained
肖涓瑜200677250313 Period: The first peiod Content: Welcome to the unit Teaching Objectives:
1.to cultivate students’ prior knowledge
2.to train students’ability of finding information , collecting and reorganizing it 3.to provide students with sufficient chances to communicate with the teacher and with each other 4.to help students enlarge their vocabulary, especially those related to the topics Language Focus: Ⅰ.Important Points:
1.about science and technology 2.broadcast the latest news at home and abroad 3.report and analyze the current situations Ⅱ.Difficult Points: 1.comment on the global economy and finances 2.related to sports and music 3.introduce different local customs Teaching Procedures: Ⅰ.Organizing the class T: Greeting and a duty report Ⅱ.Lead-in 1.Are you interested in a program called ‘Discovery”? 2.Are you curious about mysteries? 3.Have you ever thought of exploring some of the mysteries? Ⅲ.Practice Teacher: What information have you got about UFO? Student A:...… …
Teacher: Do you think student A’s introduction interesting? What
about the information you’ve got? Is there something different? Student B: ………
Ⅳ.In this section, students will be asked to talk about the following phenomena, including traces of UFO, real existences of Yeti and the Loch Ness monster, reasons for building Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid and disappearances of ships and planes in the Bermuda.All these have a common characteristic, that is, no evidences or proofs have been provided to explain the mysterious phenomena.Students are expected to make full use of resources and share their imaginative ideas with each other by participating in all the activities.長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)城南學(xué)院英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教育模擬實(shí)習(xí)教案(before taking up the task)
The teacher assigns students a task, that is, all of them are required to surf the net or refer to some reference books, in English or in Chinese to get some information about UFO, Yeti, the Loch Monster, Bermuda, Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid.The activity can be conducted like this:
The topics we are going to deal with in our next period are not only very interesting and attractive, but a bit mysterious as well.They are beyond our knowledge.Even the advanced science and technology of today cannot offer satisfactory answers, so I recommend if we’d like to discuss these topics, it is best for all of us to make preparations first, either by searching for information on the Internet or looking up background information in some books.Besides collecting information, you have to note down your answers.It’ll be more convenient for you to report back your answers if you do so.2(focusing on the pictures)
a.Ask students to read the instructions and focus on the six pictures and illustrationsindividually first.The teacher can arouse their interest by asking them the following questions:
Do the six pictures have something in common? What is it?
(unexplained;no satisfactory answers;mysterious;no evidences…)
Can scientists explain these phenomena?
How do you feel about them? Are you a bit curious?
b.Ask students to think of as many expressions as possible to answer the above questions, encourage them to make up sentences and report back their answers.The teacher can share the following sentences with students.They are mysterious because no satisfactory answers have been offered to explain their reasons.Though these mysteries have puzzled people for a long time, people show great interest in them.People feel puzzled due to their mysteries.c.Ask students to report back the information they have collected.As students have been required to prepare for the topics, their answers might be various.The teacher can vary the activities
according to students’ responses.If possible, some answers students provide can be used as
prompt for a class discussion.For example: Teacher: What information have you got about UFO? Student A:...… …
Teacher: Do you think student A’s introduction interesting? What about the information you’ve got? Is there something different? Student B: ………
This activity can be conducted flexibly.Sample answers 1.Like any other intelligent and rationale person, I have a firm belief in UFOs.In fact, I have seen a few myself.UFO stands for Unidentified Flying Object, that is, an object, apparently moving in the sky, that we cannot identify.However, if you ask me whether I believe spacecraft carrying visitors from outer space, I would say ‘no’.I do not believe it.2.The continent of Antarctica was discovered in 1818.A map known as the 'Piri Reis' Map, a genuine document made in Constantinople in 1513, clearly shows the continent of Antarctica.長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)城南學(xué)院英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教育模擬實(shí)習(xí)教案
How could this have been possible if Antarctica was not discovered until 300 years later? Antarctica was supposed to have been covered by ice for the last million or so years, but samples taken from sediment deep beneath Antarctica in 1949 revealed that great rivers had once flowed in Antarctica until about 6000 years ago.3.I’m always interested in the stories of UFOs and aliens.And I hope I will have the chance to meet one some day.If it really happens to me, I will ask questions such as ‘who or what are you?’ ‘Where are you from?’ ‘How long does it take to travel from your place to our planet?’ I will try my best to communicate with them, discovering what their life is like and why they come to the earth.d.Ask students to have a discussion about the topics by exploring some other activities.In order to conduct them more conveniently, the teacher can arrange numbers from left to right, from top to bottom first.For example:(Picture 1)
Have you ever read some reports about UFO in Chinese? Are you interested in it? Is it really from another planet? What does UFO stand for?
For what reasons do you think UFO visits our planet? Student: ………
Teacher: UFOs are unidentified flying objects, but no one really knows what they are.The chances for seeing a UFO are greater for those people who live in small towns or in the country and are outside late at night.UFOs come in all shapes and sizes.Some are only small spots of light that move in strange patterns across the night sky.Some can be seen in the daytime are often disk-or saucer-shaped.(Picture 2)
Where is Himalayas? What’s the weather like there?
Yeti is reported to be half-man and half-beast, have you heard of it?
Do you think some climbers’ disappearance have some connections with Yeti? Student: ………
Teacher: The yeti is a humanlike monster who is supposed to live in the Himalayas, the highest mountain range in the world.Several sightings, mainly of footprints, have been reported by westerner explorers throughout the years.Yet none of them have been supported with evidence in any way.(Pictures3, 4 and 6)Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid of Egypt are both cultural relics.Where is the Great Pyramid built, on the east coast of the Nile or on the west of it? What are its reasons? Do you think the Great Pyramid a wonder in the human history? How was the Great Pyramid built? I haven’t heard of Stonehenge or the Ness Monster.They are a bit new to me.What about you? Will you be interested in making discoveries about them when you grow up? Student: ……… 長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)城南學(xué)院英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教育模擬實(shí)習(xí)教案
Teacher: On the 21st December 1933, the Daily Mail carried the following headline: “Monster of Loch Ness is not a Legend but a Fact.” The hunter, M A Wetherall, a member of the Royal Geographical Society and the London Zoological Society said: “It is a four fingered beast and it has feet or pads of eight inches across.I judge it to be a powerful soft footed animal about 20 feet in length.......I am sure that it can breathe like a crocodile with just one nostril out of the water.” Not much is known about Khufu.The tomb had been robbed long before archeologists came upon it.Any information about Khufu was taken with the objects inside the tomb.He is thought to have been the ruler of a highly structured society and he must have been very wealthy.He was buried alone in this massive tomb.His wives may have been buried nearby in smaller mastabas.(Picture 5)While talking about picture 4, the teacher can show a map to the students and point to them clearly where Florida and the Bermuda Florida are on the map.Are there any monsters in these areas?Why do ships or planes disappear in this area?
Do you think it is too mysterious? Suppose there is a ship equipped with the latest scientific equipment and it can make contact with scientists on land at any time, do you think it will be possible to solve the mysteries?
Ⅴ.Exercise in class 1.Scientists are convinced _____ the positive effect of laughter _____ physical and mental health.A.of;at
B.by;in
C.of;on
D.on;at
2.Kathy ______ some French while she was away on a business trip in France.A.picked up
B.took up
C.made up
D.turned up 3.The _______ boy made the police and his family _______.A.gone;puzzled
B.missing;puzzled
C.missing;puzzling
D.lost;puzzling
4.Liu Xiang is believed _________ over $ 20 million in advertisements last year alone.A.to earn
B.have earned
C.to have earned
D.having earned
5.__________ your help, I passed the examination without any difficulty.A.Because of
B.Owing to
C.Due to
D.Thanks to 6.Finally she ___________ that Tom was guilty.A.was convinced of
B.was convinced
C.convinced
D.was convincing 7.Every time he returned from work, Paul would _________ his favorite music to relax himself.A.put on
B.take on
C.get on
D.set on
8.Our teacher told us that she was rather __________ at the __________ result of the test.A.disappointed;disappointing
B.disappointing;disappointed
C.disappointing;disappointing
D.disappointed;disappointed
9.The research group ____________ 15 members has made great achievements in recent years.A.is made up of
B.makes up
C.made up of
D.making up of
10.While our manager is away on business, our company will be _____________ Mr.Zhang.A.in the charge of
B.in charge of
C.taken charge of D.taking the charge of
Answer: 1-5 CABCD
6-10 BAACA Ⅶ.Homework 長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)城南學(xué)院英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教育模擬實(shí)習(xí)教案 Pair students up first.Let different pairs focus on different questions.If possible, the first question can be adapted easily like this: Do you believe in UFOs? What may be the explanations of UFOs? —— Aliens from space without a doubt —— Military test craft without a doubt ——Some UFOs are alien, some are test craft —— UFOs are evidence of human space travel —— UFOs are neither alien nor test craft —— UFOs don't exist Encourage students to express their agreements or disagreements about it.2 Ask different pairs to summarize their answers and then report them back.
第四篇:二一~愛(ài)牙護(hù)齒教案
愛(ài)牙護(hù)齒活動(dòng)教案
班級(jí):二年級(jí)1班
班主任:周玉立
愛(ài)牙護(hù)齒教案
教學(xué)目標(biāo):
1.初步了解換牙和牙齒保健的常識(shí)。
2.對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行保護(hù)牙齒的教育,幫助兒童學(xué)習(xí)刷牙的正確方法。3.逐步養(yǎng)成良好的衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣。4.體會(huì)換牙給自己帶來(lái)的特殊感受。
5.與大家一起分享?yè)Q牙所帶來(lái)的成長(zhǎng)的喜悅與煩惱。
6.能努力克服牙齒檢查與治療帶來(lái)的恐懼心理,表現(xiàn)愿意接受牙齒檢查或治療的意愿。
7.堅(jiān)持正確刷牙,逐步養(yǎng)成良好的衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn):
1.初步了解換牙和牙齒保健的常識(shí)。2.逐步養(yǎng)成良好的衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣。3.幫助兒童學(xué)習(xí)刷牙的正確方法。4.認(rèn)識(shí)到牙齒健康對(duì)身體的重要性。教學(xué)方法:
1.為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造一個(gè)模擬場(chǎng)景,達(dá)到體驗(yàn)牙齒保健的目的。2.讓學(xué)生自己講講牙齒的故事。3.課前了解學(xué)生換牙情況。4.模擬教具調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生情趣。課前準(zhǔn)備:
1.學(xué)生課前準(zhǔn)備:自帶牙刷
2.教學(xué)器材:牙具模型;牙齒衛(wèi)生宣傳資料、圖片;刷牙記錄卡 3.教學(xué)課件: 教學(xué)過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì):
一、導(dǎo)入:
1.請(qǐng)大家張開(kāi)嘴互相看看,你們看到了什么? 2.牙齒在我們的身體中起著怎樣的作用呢?課件一
二、觀察調(diào)查: 1.調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)興趣:請(qǐng)同學(xué)數(shù)一數(shù)自己小伙伴有多少顆牙齒,畫(huà)一畫(huà)小伙伴牙齒的形狀。
2.引出換牙概念:教師抓住學(xué)生圖畫(huà)中表現(xiàn)的“換牙畫(huà)面”提問(wèn):“這是怎么回事?”
3.學(xué)生統(tǒng)計(jì)換牙人數(shù)
4.教師小結(jié):換牙是我們每個(gè)人都要經(jīng)歷的過(guò)程,它標(biāo)志著我們長(zhǎng)大了
三、交流感受:
1.請(qǐng)換牙的同學(xué)說(shuō)一說(shuō)換牙時(shí)曾有的難忘經(jīng)歷。2.回憶自己是如何處理由換牙帶來(lái)的不舒服感受。3.討論:換牙時(shí)應(yīng)該注意什么?實(shí)物投影出示45頁(yè)圖(1)牙齒剛剛松動(dòng)時(shí)??(2)掉牙時(shí)??(3)剛長(zhǎng)出新牙時(shí)??(4)??
4.教師小結(jié):不要搖動(dòng)自己已松動(dòng)的牙齒;不要舔自己新長(zhǎng)出來(lái)的牙;乳牙沒(méi)掉就長(zhǎng)出新牙時(shí)應(yīng)該到醫(yī)院看牙醫(yī);經(jīng)常吃一些含鈣質(zhì)多的食物等。
四、經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累:
1.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演:一個(gè)小女孩在哭,請(qǐng)同學(xué)們猜一猜她為什么哭? 2.學(xué)生自由猜測(cè)。
3.繼續(xù)表演:小女孩邊哭邊說(shuō):“我的牙掉了,長(zhǎng)不出來(lái)可怎么辦呀?”老師請(qǐng)同學(xué)們幫幫她。
4.看圖討論:課件二,出示書(shū)44頁(yè)奶奶與孫女的對(duì)話圖,結(jié)合自己對(duì)生活的觀察討論。
(1)為什么有的人牙掉了能再長(zhǎng)出來(lái),而有的人的牙掉了就不能再長(zhǎng)出來(lái)?(2)哪些人的牙掉了能再長(zhǎng)出來(lái),哪些人的牙齒掉了就不能再長(zhǎng)出來(lái)了? 5.教師小結(jié):一個(gè)人一生會(huì)長(zhǎng)出兩幅牙齒,一副叫乳牙,一副叫恒牙。乳牙長(zhǎng)到一定的時(shí)候(通常是小學(xué)低中年級(jí))就會(huì)換掉,再長(zhǎng)出來(lái)的牙就叫恒牙。恒牙如果沒(méi)有保護(hù)好,掉了就不會(huì)長(zhǎng)出來(lái)了。
五、探究活動(dòng):
1.健康的牙齒在我們的生活中起什么作用呢? 2.學(xué)生舉例說(shuō)明:(1)幫助咀嚼食物(2)幫助我們發(fā)言
(3)健康整潔的牙齒能使我們看上去很健康精神(4)??
3.怎樣才能保護(hù)好自己的牙齒呢?(1)多吃蔬菜(2)定期到醫(yī)院檢查(3)早晚刷牙(4)不咬硬的東西(5)??
六、練習(xí)活動(dòng):
1.個(gè)人演示:剛才同學(xué)提到了要好好刷牙,你是怎樣刷牙的呢? 2.同學(xué)評(píng)議:
3.課件三:我們一起來(lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)牙科大夫是怎樣說(shuō)的?(邊看邊跟著學(xué))4.教師演示正確的刷牙方法。
5.聽(tīng)《刷牙歌》集體拿出自帶的牙刷進(jìn)行練習(xí)。6.刷牙的時(shí)候我們先干什么?再干什么?(1)先往杯子里倒半杯水;(2)擠上適量牙膏;
(3)喝一口水,先漱一下,把牙膏在杯中浸泡;(4)開(kāi)始刷牙;
(5)最后刷牙刷、牙杯,把牙刷放在杯子里;(6)把嘴涮干凈,用毛巾將嘴擦干凈。7.小組互相檢查刷牙過(guò)程 8.教師巡視糾正出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題
9.課件
四、小兔貝貝也來(lái)和大家一起學(xué)習(xí)了,看看它給我們帶來(lái)了哪些知識(shí)?
七、分析判斷:
1.小組討論:怎樣才能保護(hù)好自己牙齒呢? 2.學(xué)生自由發(fā)言:
3.蘭蘭的故事(書(shū)48頁(yè)圖)
4.課件五,判斷正誤:這幾位同學(xué)做的對(duì)么?(1)同學(xué)定時(shí)到醫(yī)院檢查牙齒;(對(duì))
(2)小同學(xué)牙疼不到醫(yī)院救治;(錯(cuò),應(yīng)馬上到醫(yī)院就診)(3)一位小哥哥用牙齒咬瓶蓋;(錯(cuò),不該用牙齒咬硬物)
(4)晚上,一個(gè)小同學(xué)躺在床上吃糖;(錯(cuò),睡覺(jué)前不刷牙還吃糖國(guó)會(huì)形成蛀牙)
(5)一個(gè)小女孩吃晚飯?jiān)谑冢唬▽?duì))(6)一位小姐姐早晚都刷牙。(對(duì))
5.教師小結(jié):保護(hù)牙齒非常重要,所以我們一定要堅(jiān)持。為了使大家能更好的保護(hù)牙齒,老師為大家準(zhǔn)備了一個(gè)刷牙記錄卡。一周后把記錄卡帶來(lái),評(píng)選誰(shuí)是“愛(ài)牙小標(biāo)兵”。
八、豐富知識(shí):
1.如果大家想了解更多的牙齒保健知識(shí),可以在爸爸媽媽的幫助下,到www.tmdps.cn搜索“保護(hù)牙齒”就可以獲得更多知識(shí)。
2.召開(kāi)“愛(ài)牙知識(shí)競(jìng)賽”班會(huì)。
第五篇:人教版高中政治必修二一、二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
必修二
第一單元公民的政治生活
1、國(guó)家:是經(jīng)濟(jì)上占統(tǒng)治地位的階級(jí)進(jìn)行階級(jí)統(tǒng)治的工具。階級(jí)性是國(guó)家的根本屬性。
2、我國(guó)國(guó)家性質(zhì)(國(guó)體):中華人民共和國(guó)是工人階級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的、以工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟為基礎(chǔ)的人民民主專(zhuān)政的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。
國(guó)家性質(zhì)的本質(zhì)(即人民民主專(zhuān)政的本質(zhì))是:人民當(dāng)家作主。
3、人民民主專(zhuān)政的最大特點(diǎn):對(duì)占全國(guó)人口絕大多數(shù)的人民實(shí)行民主,對(duì)極少數(shù)敵視和破壞社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的敵對(duì)分子實(shí)行專(zhuān)政。
4、我國(guó)民主的特點(diǎn):
廣泛性(1、民主主體的廣泛性
2、民主權(quán)利的廣泛性)
真實(shí)性(1、有制度、有法律、物質(zhì)保障質(zhì)
2、人民利益日益得到充分實(shí)現(xiàn)上)
5、民主與專(zhuān)政的關(guān)系:辯證統(tǒng)一或?qū)α⒔y(tǒng)一
對(duì)立:民主只適用于人民內(nèi)部(統(tǒng)治階級(jí)內(nèi)部),專(zhuān)政則適用于敵對(duì)勢(shì)力.統(tǒng)一:兩者相輔相成、互為前提。民主是專(zhuān)政的基礎(chǔ),專(zhuān)政是民主的保障。
民主的含義——指在一定階級(jí)范圍內(nèi)(不是全民的),按照平等的原則和少數(shù)服從多數(shù)的原則來(lái)共同管理國(guó)家事務(wù)的國(guó)家制度。民主是與專(zhuān)制相對(duì)立的一種國(guó)家制度。(民主是相對(duì)的、具體的,不是絕對(duì)的)民主具有鮮明的階級(jí)性
專(zhuān)政——主要依靠暴力實(shí)行的統(tǒng)治。
6、為什么要堅(jiān)持人民民主專(zhuān)政?
(1)堅(jiān)持人民民主專(zhuān)政是我國(guó)的立國(guó)之本,已經(jīng)被寫(xiě)進(jìn)憲法
(2)堅(jiān)持人民民主專(zhuān)政是社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的政治保證,人民民主是社會(huì)主義的生命
(3)堅(jiān)持人民民主專(zhuān)政的時(shí)代新內(nèi)容
7、公民的政治權(quán)利和義務(wù)
權(quán)利(1)選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)(公民基本的民主權(quán)利,公民參與國(guó)家管理的基礎(chǔ)和標(biāo)志)
(2)政治自由(人民行使當(dāng)家作主權(quán)利的重要方式,是社會(huì)主義民主的具體表現(xiàn))
(3)監(jiān)督權(quán)(包括批評(píng)權(quán)、建議權(quán)、檢舉權(quán)、申訴權(quán)、控告權(quán))
義務(wù)(1)維護(hù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)一和民族團(tuán)結(jié)(2)維護(hù)國(guó)家安全、榮譽(yù)和利益
(3)遵守憲法和法律(4)服兵役和參加民兵組織
8、公民參與政治生活的基本原則:
(1)堅(jiān)持公民在法律面前一律平等的原則(指平等地享有權(quán)利、履行義務(wù)和適用法律——但不能說(shuō)權(quán)利與義務(wù)是相同或一樣的)
(2)堅(jiān)持權(quán)利與義務(wù)統(tǒng)一的原則(統(tǒng)一,不可分離,是相對(duì)應(yīng)存在的,權(quán)利的實(shí)現(xiàn)需要義務(wù)的履行,義務(wù)的履行確保權(quán)利的實(shí)現(xiàn)。)
(3)堅(jiān)持個(gè)人利益與國(guó)家利益相結(jié)合的原則
9、我們政治生活的內(nèi)容
(1)行使政治權(quán)利,履行政治義務(wù)(2)參與社會(huì)公共管理活動(dòng)
(3)參加社會(huì)主義政治文明建設(shè)(4)關(guān)注我國(guó)在國(guó)際社會(huì)中的地位和作用
(5)推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義民主政治建設(shè)
10、中學(xué)生應(yīng)怎樣參與政治生活
(1)參與政治生活,必須明確政治生活的作用(2)參與政治生活,學(xué)習(xí)政治知識(shí)是非常必要的(3)參與政治生活,貴在實(shí)踐
政治參與(民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監(jiān)督)
11、民主選舉:
選舉方式——(1)直接選舉(縣或縣級(jí)以下的選舉)——使每一個(gè)選民都有表達(dá)自己意愿的機(jī)會(huì),選擇自己最信賴的當(dāng)家人。
(2)間接選舉(縣級(jí)以上的選舉)——適合選民較多、分布較廣的情況。
(3)等額選舉(正式候選額=應(yīng)選額)——可以比較充分考慮當(dāng)選者結(jié)構(gòu)的合理性。缺點(diǎn):限制了選民的自由選擇,積極性受到影響。
(4)差額選舉(正式候選額>應(yīng)選額)
——提供選擇的余地,被選舉人形成相應(yīng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),有助選民了解候選人。
缺點(diǎn):易導(dǎo)致虛假宣傳、金錢(qián)交易。
我國(guó)根據(jù)國(guó)家性質(zhì)、社會(huì)進(jìn)步和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及國(guó)情——采用直接選舉和間接選舉相結(jié)合的方式。
12、民主決策
決策方式——(1)通過(guò)社情民意反映制度(2)通過(guò)專(zhuān)家咨詢制度
(3)通過(guò)重大事項(xiàng)社會(huì)公示制度(4)通過(guò)社會(huì)聽(tīng)證會(huì)制度
決策意義——(1)實(shí)施決策于民,有助于決策者發(fā)揚(yáng)民主,深入了解民情,充分反映民意,廣泛集中民智,切實(shí)珍惜民力(2)也有助于決策者把最廣大人民的根本利益真正作為決策的根本出發(fā)點(diǎn)。(3)有利于公民對(duì)決策的理解,提高落實(shí)決策的自覺(jué)性,推動(dòng)決
策的實(shí)施;同時(shí),我們積極參與民主決策的實(shí)踐,(4)也有利于提高我們參與公共事務(wù)的熱情和信心,鍛煉參與決策的能力,增強(qiáng)關(guān)心公共生活的政治責(zé)任感。
拓寬民意反映渠道——是決策機(jī)關(guān)進(jìn)行科學(xué)決策的重要前提。
公民享有對(duì)涉及公眾利益的決策的知情權(quán)——是公民參與民主決策的前提和基礎(chǔ)。
13、民主管理
(1)社會(huì)主義民主最廣泛的民主實(shí)踐,也是發(fā)展社會(huì)主義民主的基礎(chǔ)性工作——村民委員會(huì)和居民委員會(huì)(它們都是基層民主自治組織或機(jī)構(gòu),不是政府機(jī)構(gòu))
####自己選舉當(dāng)家人——是村民自治的基礎(chǔ),也是村民參與民主管理的主要途徑。
(2)村民委員會(huì)的性質(zhì):村民自我管理、自我教育、自我服務(wù)的基層群眾性自治組織,是村民民主管理村務(wù)的機(jī)構(gòu)。
(3)村民民主管理村務(wù)的形式:①直接選舉村民委員會(huì)干部②參加村民會(huì)議③制定和遵守村民自治章程或村規(guī)民約④村務(wù)公開(kāi)、民主評(píng)議村干部、村委會(huì)定期報(bào)告工作
(4)居委會(huì)性質(zhì):城市居民自我管理、自我教育、自我服務(wù)的民主管理機(jī)構(gòu),是城市居民的自治組織。
(5)實(shí)行農(nóng)村村民自治和城市居民自治的意義:以擴(kuò)大基層民主,保證人民群眾依法管理自己的事情,創(chuàng)造自己的幸福生活,是社會(huì)主義民主最為廣泛而深刻的實(shí)踐,也是發(fā)展社會(huì)主義民主的基礎(chǔ)性工作。
14、民主監(jiān)督:(堅(jiān)持實(shí)事求事原則,必須依法)
(1)民主監(jiān)督的方式:A通過(guò)信訪舉報(bào)制度B通過(guò)人大代表聯(lián)系群眾制度
C通過(guò)輿論監(jiān)督制度D監(jiān)督聽(tīng)證明會(huì)、民主評(píng)議會(huì)、網(wǎng)上評(píng)議政府
(2)民主監(jiān)督的意義:
A有利于消除腐敗現(xiàn)象,克服官僚主義和不正之風(fēng),改進(jìn)國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)及其工作人員的工作。B有利于維護(hù)國(guó)家利益和公民的合法權(quán)益。
C有肋于激發(fā)廣大公民關(guān)心國(guó)家大事、為社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)出謀劃策的主人翁精神。(民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監(jiān)督)——是公民參與政治生活的重要內(nèi)容。
第二單元我國(guó)政府是人民的政府
1、政府職能:
(1)我國(guó)政府的性質(zhì):我國(guó)政府是國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)的執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān),是國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān)。
(2)政府的職能:
政治職能:保障人民民主和維護(hù)國(guó)家長(zhǎng)治久安的職能(打擊、懲治犯罪,保護(hù)國(guó)家或公民的合法權(quán)益)。
經(jīng)濟(jì)職能:組織社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的職能(經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)節(jié)、市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管、社會(huì)管理和公共服務(wù),以促進(jìn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,提高生產(chǎn)力水平和人民生活水平)。
文化職能:組織社會(huì)主義文化建設(shè)的職能(宣傳科學(xué)理論,弘揚(yáng)民族精神;組織和發(fā)展科、教、文、衛(wèi)、體等各事業(yè))
公共服務(wù)職能:提供社會(huì)公共服務(wù)的職能(公共基礎(chǔ)、文化、衛(wèi)生設(shè)施的建設(shè),醫(yī)療、社保、計(jì)生,自然環(huán)境保護(hù)等)
2、政府責(zé)任:對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé)
政府的工作宗旨——為人民服務(wù)。工作的基本原則——對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé)。
對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé)的要求:(1)堅(jiān)持為人民服務(wù)的工作態(tài)度。(2)樹(shù)立求真務(wù)實(shí)的工作作風(fēng)。
(3)堅(jiān)持從群眾中來(lái)到群眾中去的工作方法。
3、求助或投訴途徑
(1)開(kāi)設(shè)熱線電話(2)設(shè)立信訪部門(mén)(3)發(fā)展電子政務(wù)(4)依法建立行政仲裁行
政復(fù)議和行政訴訟制度(這是國(guó)家為公民求助和投訴提供的法律途徑。)
4、政府的權(quán)力:依法行政
(1)依法行政——指政府及其公職人員行使權(quán)力必須依據(jù)憲法和法律。
(2)依法行政的意義:
①人民:有利于保障了民群眾的權(quán)利和自由;
②政府:有利于加強(qiáng)廉政建設(shè),保證政府及共公職人員不變質(zhì)。培養(yǎng)政府權(quán)威;有
利于防止行政權(quán)力的缺失和濫用,提高行政管理水平;
③民主法制:有利于帶動(dòng)全社會(huì)尊重法律、遵守法律、維護(hù)法律、推進(jìn)社會(huì)民主法制
建設(shè);
(3)怎樣提高政府依法行政的水平
①加強(qiáng)立法工作,提高立法質(zhì)量,嚴(yán)格規(guī)范行政執(zhí)法行為;
②建立權(quán)責(zé)明確的執(zhí)法體制,促進(jìn)行政權(quán)力授予有據(jù)、行使有規(guī)、監(jiān)督有效;
③加強(qiáng)行政執(zhí)法隊(duì)伍建設(shè),促進(jìn)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法、公正執(zhí)法和文明執(zhí)法,不斷提高執(zhí)法能 力和水平;
④深化行政管理體制改革,努力形成行為規(guī)范、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)協(xié)調(diào)、公正透明、廉潔高效的 行政管理體制;
5、政府權(quán)力的行使包括:決策、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督等環(huán)節(jié)。
科學(xué)決策、民主決策。
6、權(quán)力監(jiān)督
(1)對(duì)政府權(quán)力為什么要監(jiān)督?
我國(guó)的政府是人民的政府,政府的權(quán)力是人民賦予的。權(quán)力是一把雙刃劍,用好就能造福人民,濫用會(huì)滋生腐敗,貽害無(wú)窮。為防止權(quán)力的濫用,需要對(duì)政府權(quán)力進(jìn)行監(jiān)督。
(2)如何對(duì)政府權(quán)力進(jìn)行制約和監(jiān)督?
①關(guān)鍵是:建立健全制約和監(jiān)督機(jī)制:一靠民主,二靠法制,二者缺一不可; ②建立全面的行政監(jiān)督體系
(3)監(jiān)督有什么意義
政府接受監(jiān)督是堅(jiān)持依法行政,做好工作的必要保證。①才能提高行政水平和工作效率,減少和防止工作失誤②才能防止濫用權(quán)力,防止以權(quán)謀私、權(quán)錢(qián)交易等腐敗行為,保證清正廉潔③才能更好地作出正確的決策④才能真正做到對(duì)人民服務(wù)、對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé)。
7、陽(yáng)光工程——建立政務(wù)信息公開(kāi)制度
“陽(yáng)光工程”的意義:
①有利于增強(qiáng)政府工作的透明度,便于群眾加強(qiáng)對(duì)政府工作的監(jiān)督;
②有利于群眾維護(hù)自己的合法權(quán)益;有利于化解社會(huì)矛盾,維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。