第一篇：八種時(shí)態(tài)教案

中考專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)---動(dòng)詞的八種時(shí)態(tài)教案

課型：Revision

課前預(yù)測(cè)：學(xué)生對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)有一定的了解基礎(chǔ)，但沒(méi)有系統(tǒng)的歸納聯(lián)系。教學(xué)方法：歸納 互動(dòng) 自主學(xué)習(xí)小組合作 板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)：Keys in PPT.教學(xué)目標(biāo)：

1.對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性地自我歸納并熟練運(yùn)用在各類(lèi)題型中。

2.掌握各時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別點(diǎn)，對(duì)有深度的重點(diǎn)作為要點(diǎn)記憶與運(yùn)用。教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)：

1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)

3.短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)態(tài)中的用法。4.各類(lèi)時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 教學(xué)過(guò)程：

Step 1.通過(guò)比喻的手法展示動(dòng)詞的變化形式進(jìn)行互動(dòng)。step2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞的歸納與閱讀。step3.通過(guò)比喻展示各動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)中的運(yùn)用。

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中often與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中的often.3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)中用shall we 表征求對(duì)方建議。4.表位移的動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中的短暫性與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用法 6.already與yet區(qū)別的視頻教學(xué)

7.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法 step4.A match How many flags do you have? step5.A game: Lucky lucky draw Ask the students to enjoy drawing by themselves , then make a sentence with the word they draw.Say them out orally in class.step6.Composition 根據(jù)中考作文，展示學(xué)生習(xí)作進(jìn)行點(diǎn)評(píng)。step7.Summary Make 8 sentences with different tenses and write them down.Step8.Homework A composition of junior high school entrance examination in Jiangxi.教學(xué)反思：

本節(jié)課將動(dòng)詞比喻為“詞才’,與學(xué)生“人才”進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)激烈的PK賽。同時(shí)將詞才的就職與人才的就職關(guān)聯(lián)起來(lái)?；菰锏恼Z(yǔ)法講解為生動(dòng)有趣。各教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)以比較、歸納為特點(diǎn)，兼顧知識(shí)點(diǎn)的廣度與深度。通過(guò)詞的易容術(shù)進(jìn)行互動(dòng)，通過(guò)視頻學(xué)習(xí)already和yet，加深對(duì)完成時(shí)態(tài)的理解，通過(guò)幸運(yùn)大抽獎(jiǎng)，增加了課堂的趣味性和學(xué)生的口語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力，鞏固了各種時(shí)態(tài)的用法。通過(guò)學(xué)生習(xí)作的點(diǎn)評(píng)，提高了學(xué)生的糾錯(cuò)能力。本設(shè)計(jì)中的練習(xí)貼近中考前沿，為學(xué)生的備考打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

第二篇：初中英語(yǔ)八種時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)總結(jié)

海興外語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)學(xué)校 小班專(zhuān)用 九年級(jí)

八種時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)歸納 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：謂語(yǔ)分為：1.be 2.行為v.be 行為v.肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be{am/are/is}+表語(yǔ).主語(yǔ)+{v-原型/v-單三）+....否定句：主語(yǔ)+be{am/are/is}+not+表語(yǔ).主語(yǔ)+don't/doesn't+v-原型+....一般疑問(wèn)句：Be{am/are/is}+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)？ Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+v-原型+...？ 回答:Yes,主語(yǔ)+{am/are/is}.Yes,主語(yǔ)+do/does.No,主語(yǔ)+am not/isn't/aren't}.No,主語(yǔ)+don't/doesn't.一般過(guò)去式：謂語(yǔ)分為：1.be 2.行為v.be 行為v.肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+表語(yǔ).主語(yǔ)+v.-過(guò)去式{v-ed/v.不規(guī)則的} +....否定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+表語(yǔ).主語(yǔ)+didn't+v.-原型+....一般疑問(wèn)句：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)？ Did+主語(yǔ)+v.-原型+...? 回答:Yes,主語(yǔ)+was/were.Yes,主語(yǔ)+did.No,主語(yǔ)+wasn't/weren't.No,主語(yǔ)+didn't.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：be{am/are/is}+v.-ing 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： was/were+v.-ing 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be{am/are/is}+v.-ing+....肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+v.-ing+....否定句：主語(yǔ)+be{am/are/is}+not+v.-ing+...否定句：主+was/were+not+v.-ing+....一般疑問(wèn)句：Be{am/are/is}+主語(yǔ)+v.-ing+...？一般疑問(wèn)句：Was/Were+主

+v.-ing+...? 回答:Yes,主語(yǔ)+{am/are/is}.回答:Yes,主語(yǔ)+was/were.No,主語(yǔ)+am not/isn't/aren't}.No,主語(yǔ)+wasn't/weren't.海興外語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)學(xué)校 小班專(zhuān)用 九年級(jí)

一般將來(lái)時(shí)：1.will/shall+v.-原型

2.be{am/are/is} +going +to+{v.-原型/地點(diǎn)} 3.be{am/are/is}+to+v.-原型

肯定句：1.主語(yǔ)+will/shall+v.-原型+....2.主語(yǔ)+ be{am/are/is} +going +to+{v.-原型/地點(diǎn)}.3.主語(yǔ)+ be{am/are/is}+to+v.-原型

否定句：1.主語(yǔ)+will/shall+not+v.-原型+....2.主語(yǔ)+ be{am/are/is} +not+going +to+{v.-原型/地點(diǎn)}.3.主語(yǔ)+ be{am/are/is}+not+to+v.-原型.一般疑問(wèn)句：1.Will/Shall+主語(yǔ)v.-原型+...? 2.Be{am/are/is}+主語(yǔ)+going +to+{v.-原型/地點(diǎn)}? 3.Be{am/are/is}+主語(yǔ)+to+{v.-原型/地點(diǎn)}? 肯定回答：1.Yes,主語(yǔ)+will/shall.2.Yes,主語(yǔ)+{am/are/is}.3.Yes,主語(yǔ)+{am/are/is}.否定回答：1.No,主語(yǔ)+won't/shall not.2.No,主語(yǔ)+{am not/aren't/isn't}.3.No,主語(yǔ)+{am not/aren't/isn't}.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：1.would/should+v.-原型 2.was/were+going +to+{v.-原型/地點(diǎn)} 3.was/were+to+v.-原型

肯定句：1.主語(yǔ)+would/should+v.-原型 +....2.主語(yǔ)+was/were+going +to+{v.-原型/地點(diǎn)}.3.主語(yǔ)+was/were +to+v.-原型+....海興外語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)學(xué)校 小班專(zhuān)用 九年級(jí)

否定句：1.主語(yǔ)+would/should+not+v.-原型 +....2.主語(yǔ)+wasn't/weren't+going +to+{v.-原型/地點(diǎn)}.3.wasn't/weren't+to+v.-原型+....一般疑問(wèn)句：1.Would/Should+主語(yǔ)+v.-原型 +...？ 2.Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+going +to+{v.-原型/地點(diǎn)}？ 3.Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+to+v.-原型+...? 肯定回答：1.Yes,主語(yǔ)+would/should.2.Yes,主語(yǔ)+was/were.3.Yes,主語(yǔ)+was/were.否定回答：1.No,主語(yǔ)+wouldn't/shouldn't.2.No,主語(yǔ)+wasn't/weren't.3.No,主語(yǔ)+wasn't/weren't.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+done(v.過(guò)去分詞）肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+done(v.過(guò)去分詞）+....否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+done(v.過(guò)去分詞）+....一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+done(v.過(guò)去分詞）+...？ 回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+have/has.No,主語(yǔ)+haven't/hasn't.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had+done(v.過(guò)去分詞）肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+done(v.過(guò)去分詞）+....否定句：主語(yǔ)+had+not+done(v.過(guò)去分詞）+....一般疑問(wèn)句：Had+主語(yǔ)+done(v.過(guò)去分詞）+...？ 回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+had.No,主語(yǔ)+hadn't.

第三篇：八種時(shí)態(tài)常用的標(biāo)志詞

八種時(shí)態(tài)常用的標(biāo)志詞

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

表示：現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)

標(biāo)志： often、usually、always、sometimes、everyday、in the morning/afternoon…、on Sundays, once a week etc e.g.：We go to school at six forty every day.My brother reads a book once a week.2、一般將來(lái)時(shí)

表示：將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)

標(biāo)志：tomorrow、next week、this month、in an hour、the day after tomorrow etc e.g.：He will go to see a doctor tomorrow.I am going to play basketball next week.She is coming back in an hour.3、一般過(guò)去時(shí)

表示：過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)

標(biāo)志： yesterday、last week、three days ago、the day before yesterday, in 1990 etc e.g.：I finished my work yesterday.He went to New York ten days ago.4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示：現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

標(biāo)志：now、Look!、Listen!、It is six o’clock.e.g.：Look!The boy is playing with a cat.It’s eight o’clock.The Smiths are watching TV in the living room.5、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

標(biāo)志：at six yesterday morning、from 7 to 9 yesterday、this time yesterday、也可用在when和while引導(dǎo)的從句

e.g.： He was taking a shower at 11 last night.They were cooking when the bell rang.(= While they were cooking, the bell rang.)

6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

結(jié)構(gòu)： Have / has done 1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。

標(biāo)志： already（“已經(jīng)” 用于肯定句的中間和末尾處）、never(“從不”用于中間處)、ever（“曾經(jīng)” 用于疑問(wèn)句和肯定句的中間處）、just(“剛剛” 用于中間處)、yet(“已經(jīng)” 用于疑問(wèn)句的末尾處/“還” 用于否定句的末尾處)e.g.： I have just cleaned my clothes.我剛洗過(guò)衣服。（“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”）

2)表示從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，將來(lái)還可能繼續(xù)下去。標(biāo)志：for+時(shí)間段，如for three days since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/過(guò)去時(shí)從句，如since 1998，since she left here e.g.：she has lived in Fuzhou for three years./ Since three years ago.7、過(guò)去完成時(shí)

以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。

標(biāo)志：before, by the end of last year(term, month?)etc.e.g.：The class had already begun when I came to school.8、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

表示：從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 通常在賓語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)，主句為過(guò)去時(shí) e.g.： He said(that)he would visit the Great Wall the next day.She told me(that)she was moving to France in two days.

第四篇：英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試八種時(shí)態(tài)的用法

八種時(shí)態(tài)的具體用法：

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),或說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征。① 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句子中常有的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：often,usually,sometimes,always,every(day等)，once/twice,a(week等), on(Sunday等),never,in the(morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他們每年去一次故宮)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他們經(jīng)常在晚上商談生意)② 表示客觀真理、事實(shí)、人的技能或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時(shí)句子里一般不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn))/ Light travels faster than sound.(光傳播比聲音快)③ 表示十分確定會(huì)發(fā)生(如安排好的事情)或按照時(shí)間表進(jìn)行的事情,用一般現(xiàn)在可以表達(dá)將來(lái),句子中可以有將來(lái)時(shí)間。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(開(kāi)往漢口的列車(chē)上午8點(diǎn)開(kāi)車(chē))④ 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo))和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中(以if,unless引導(dǎo)),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí),句子可以有將來(lái)時(shí)間。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德國(guó)就給我打電話)/ If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我們就只好呆在家)⑤ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用于倒裝句中可以表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,動(dòng)詞以come, go為主。如：Here comes the bus.(車(chē)來(lái)了)/ There goes the bell.(鈴響了)。⑥ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用于體育比賽的解說(shuō)或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.⑦ 人的心理活動(dòng)和感官動(dòng)作一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)而不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá),常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(認(rèn)為),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see.如：I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在這兒)

一般過(guò)去時(shí) 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),這種動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可能是一次性,也可能經(jīng)常 發(fā)生。① 表示過(guò)去具體時(shí)刻發(fā)生的一次性動(dòng)作時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：at(eight)(yesterday morning),(ten minutes)ago, when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六點(diǎn)鐘起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小湯姆今天早上九點(diǎn)半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走進(jìn)房間時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生人正和他父親談話)② 表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)不知何時(shí)發(fā)生的一次性動(dòng)作時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last(year等), in(1998 等)。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年來(lái)到我們市)③ 表示過(guò)去一個(gè)階段中經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young./ Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.④ 講故事、對(duì)過(guò)去經(jīng)歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過(guò)去事件等一般用過(guò)去時(shí),而且經(jīng)常省略時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)

一般將來(lái)時(shí) 表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。①一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：tomorrow,this(afternoon),next(year),one day,now,soon，someday,sometime, in the future, when引導(dǎo)的從句等。② 用will構(gòu)成的將來(lái)時(shí),表示動(dòng)作與人的主觀愿望無(wú)關(guān)?！皊hall”用于第一人稱(chēng),“will”

用于所有人

稱(chēng)。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要從這所中學(xué)畢業(yè)了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一個(gè)人過(guò)了)③ “am/is/are going to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的事情,或者主觀判斷即將要發(fā)生的事情,而“am/is/are to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示安排或計(jì)劃中的動(dòng)作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一個(gè)人告訴他們那個(gè)婦女就會(huì)生下那個(gè)特別的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)④ 表示一個(gè)人臨時(shí)決定要做某事,可以用will表達(dá)。如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化學(xué)藥劑).So please wait until I return.(我要到化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室去取些藥品,請(qǐng)等我回頭)⑤ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可以表示將來(lái)。(見(jiàn)相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài))⑥ shall和will 在口語(yǔ)的一些疑問(wèn)句中相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Shall一般與第一人稱(chēng)連用,will與第二人稱(chēng)連用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我們下周六去動(dòng)物園好嗎？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把門(mén)打開(kāi)好嗎？)

⑦ “be to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示按照計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的事情。如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或是現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。①

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞be(am is are)+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。②

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： now, this …, these…等,但經(jīng)常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在樹(shù)上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在寫(xiě)一本長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō))③

表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：I’m coming now.(我就來(lái))/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)④

表示頻繁發(fā)生或反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚(yáng)、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借錢(qián),過(guò)一些時(shí)候就忘得一干二凈)

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。①

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由“was(第一、三人稱(chēng)單數(shù))或were(第二人稱(chēng)單數(shù)和各人稱(chēng)的復(fù)數(shù))+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。②

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at(eight)yesterday(morning),(a year)ago, 以及由when引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他正在做晚飯)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的時(shí)候她正在玩玩具)③

用于賓語(yǔ)從句或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行而且是延續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)。句子中通常不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路過(guò)時(shí)看到事情的發(fā)生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他們?cè)诤诎档纳掷镒邥r(shí)唱了很多歌)④

也可以表示過(guò)去一個(gè)階段頻繁發(fā)生或反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚(yáng)、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在這里時(shí)老向我借錢(qián))

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的、對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作,或表示開(kāi)始在過(guò)去,并且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,甚至還可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。①在完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。②表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three

times, before等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before.(我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有看過(guò)這么好的畫(huà))/ He has just gone to England.(他剛?cè)ビ?guó))③表示在過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(可能延續(xù)下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for(two years),since 1990, since(two weeks ago)和since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自從這家工廠開(kāi)張,王叔叔一直在那兒工作)④口語(yǔ)中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他們圖書(shū)館有上萬(wàn)本書(shū))⑤have been to與have gone to的區(qū)別：have gone to(“已經(jīng)去了”)表示人不在這里,have been to(“去過(guò)”)表示人在這里。如：--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里？他去了英國(guó)。)/--Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times.(你知道北京的情況嗎？是的,我去過(guò)那里三次。)⑥在完成時(shí)中,一個(gè)瞬間性動(dòng)詞(一次性動(dòng)作)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,此時(shí)須將該瞬間動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。具體變化見(jiàn)下表：

瞬間性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí) → 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí) have(already)gone to… have been in / at … for(two years)has

come to… has been here since(1990)(had)

left…(had)been away from…

arrived…

been in…

died

been dead

begun

been on

ended

been over

bought...had…

borrowed…

kept…

joined…

been in …

或者使用下面這個(gè)句型：It is / has been +(多久)+ since + 主語(yǔ)(人)+謂語(yǔ)(過(guò)去時(shí))+……+過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

[注意] 在其它的時(shí)態(tài)中也存在類(lèi)似問(wèn)題,記住,關(guān)鍵是：瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：How long may I keep the book?(這本書(shū)我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)

過(guò)去完成時(shí)

過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。簡(jiǎn)言之, 過(guò)去完成時(shí)所表示的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。①過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。②過(guò)去完成時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：by(yesterday), by then, by the end of(last…)或者由when,before等引出狀語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)句子中會(huì)有already, just, once, ever, never等詞語(yǔ),也會(huì)有for… 或since…構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(當(dāng)老師來(lái)的時(shí)候他們已經(jīng)打掃完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他發(fā)覺(jué)那個(gè)婦女是個(gè)騙子時(shí)她已經(jīng)走掉了)③過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中、after引導(dǎo)的從句中,或者從句是before引導(dǎo)的主句中。如：After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走進(jìn)了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他說(shuō)他以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)袋鼠)

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示在過(guò)去預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。①過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞should(第一人稱(chēng))或would(第二、三人稱(chēng))+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞一律用“would +動(dòng)詞原形”。②過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常由于賓語(yǔ)從句中,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：later, soon, the next(day).③在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中不可以使用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),而應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答應(yīng)付

給我許多錢(qián)如果我?guī)椭隳莻€(gè)項(xiàng)目)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就會(huì)坐下來(lái)看看書(shū))④表示純粹的將來(lái)時(shí)用would或should,表示打算或主觀認(rèn)為的事情用was/were going to(+動(dòng)詞原形)。如：She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告訴我她下個(gè)月就18歲了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告訴我她打算帶她的寵物狗去散步)⑤過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)還可以表示一個(gè)過(guò)去經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨時(shí)他會(huì)隨身帶一把雨傘)

(9)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)指一個(gè)從過(guò)去就開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并由可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作,它具有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)雙重特征,結(jié)構(gòu)是：“have/has + been +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”。如：I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已經(jīng)在冰冷的水里游了將近兩個(gè)小時(shí))/ How long have you been waiting here?(你在這里一直等了多久？)21

其他回答 共5條 一)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

時(shí)態(tài)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式.英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài).但是常見(jiàn)的只有九種:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).一般過(guò)去時(shí).一般將來(lái)時(shí).現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).過(guò)去完成時(shí).過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí).現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí).常用的時(shí)態(tài)只有八種.1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法

1)表示經(jīng)常性.習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài).特征和真理.句中常用 often.usually.every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).例如: He goes to school every day.(經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作)He is very happy.(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))

The earth moves around the sun.(真理)

2)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中.用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái).例如: If you come this afternoon.we’ ll have a meeting.When I graduate.I`ll go to the countryside.3)有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃.規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.(句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如 begin.come.leave.go.arrive.start.stop.return.open.close等.例如: The meeting begins at seven.The train starts at nine in the morning.4)表示狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞.如 be.like.hate.think.remember.find.sound等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).例如:

I like English very much.The story sounds very interesting.5)書(shū)報(bào)的標(biāo)題.小說(shuō)等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法

l)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事.存在的狀態(tài)或過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.He saw Mr Wang yesterday.He worked in a factory in 1986

2)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.也可用[used to“和[would +動(dòng)詞原形”.例如: I used to smoke.During the vacation I would swim in the sea.注意,used to表示過(guò)去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).另外?[to be used to +名詞(動(dòng)句詞)[表示“習(xí)慣于--.例如

I am used to the climate here.He is used to swimming in winter.3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法

一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).其表達(dá)形式除了[ will或 shall十動(dòng)詞原形”外.還有以下幾種形式.l)[ to be going to十動(dòng)詞原形“.表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事.例如: It is going to rain.We are going to have a meeting today.2)go.come.start.move.sail.leave等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.例如:

I`m leaving for Beijing.3)[be to十動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn).例如: Are we to go on with this work?

The boy is to go to school tomorrow.4)[ be about to十動(dòng)詞原形“表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.例如: We are about to leave.5)某些詞.如 come.go.leave.arrive.start等的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將來(lái).The meeting starts at five o`clock.He is leaving tomorrow.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.由[ to be十現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成.另外[系動(dòng)詞十介詞或副詞“也表示進(jìn)行時(shí)的意義.例如: What are you doing?

The bridge is under construction.2)表示感覺(jué).愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞如 have.be.hear.see.like等詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí).5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

l)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻.某一階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.由[ was(were)十現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成.例如:

In 1980 he was studying in a university.He was reading a novel when I came in.6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由[ have十過(guò)去分詞“構(gòu)成.其使用有兩種情況:

1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話之前已完成.而對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響.句中沒(méi)有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).例如

He has gone to Fuzhou.(說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為他不在該地)He has been to Fuzhou.(說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為他在該地)

2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去.持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在.也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去.常用for和 since表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或 so far.now.today.this week(month.year)等表示包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)問(wèn)在內(nèi)的狀語(yǔ).例如: He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 1985.Now I have finished the work.注意:表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞.如 come.go.die.marry.buy等的完成時(shí)不能與for.since等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用.3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中.表示將來(lái)某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作.例如: I`ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.If it has stopped snowing in the morning.we`ll go to the park.7.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法

l)過(guò)去完成時(shí)由[ had十過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).句中常用 by.before.until.when等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).例如:

By the end of last year we had built five new houses.I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或持續(xù)下去.例如:

Before he slept.he had worked for 12 hours.8.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由[ should或 would十動(dòng)詞原形“構(gòu)成.第一人稱(chēng)用 should.其他人稱(chēng)用 would.例如:

They were sure that they would succeed.9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由[ have(has)十 been十現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成.表示現(xiàn)在以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.有些詞.如 work.study.live.teach等用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)意思差不多.例如:

I have worked here for three years.I have been working here for three years.但多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在這兩種時(shí)態(tài)中表示不同意思.例如: I have written a letter(已寫(xiě)完)

I have been writing a letter.(還在寫(xiě))

注意:表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞.如 finish.marry.get up.come.go等不能用這種時(shí)態(tài).回答者： huangyongwen60 | 六級(jí) | 2010-8-5 11:38 一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法

1．表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與always, usually, often, sometimes, every day(week, month)等連用。

He plays football twice a week.I sometimes go to work on foot.2．表示現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)或狀態(tài)。

It’s cold today.You look tired now.3．表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征，性格和能力等。

She is a famous singer.Tom likes swimming.4．表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。

It’s far from the earth to the sun.Five and three makes eight.5．表示已預(yù)先安排或計(jì)劃好將來(lái)確定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但主要用于go, come, leave, start, return, arrive等瞬間動(dòng)詞。

The train from London arrives at 7:00.He leaves on business the day after tomorrow.6．在時(shí)間及條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。

I’ll call you as soon as I get there.I’ll come if he invites me.7．在以here, there開(kāi)頭的句子里，表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

Here comes the bus!

There goes the bell!鈴響了！

當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，代詞必須放在動(dòng)詞之前。如：

There he comes!他來(lái)了！

8．某些表示心理狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞，如feel, love, hope, want, understand等表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的具體行為。

I feel pain in my head.I don’t understand what you mean.此時(shí)只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)而不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法

1．表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的副詞如：yesterday, last week, two hours ago等連用。

My family moved here five years ago.I was born in 1973.。

2．表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。這時(shí)可與頻度副詞如：often, usually, always等連用。

He always worked into night those days.I often left on business in 1987.1987 表示“過(guò)去經(jīng)常，而今不再”時(shí)，要用used to（意指現(xiàn)在已不是這樣）

如：I used to read newspaper after breakfast.The children often swam in this river.3．表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的一連串動(dòng)作。

He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door.過(guò)去發(fā)生的一連串動(dòng)作，若用and, or, but等并列連詞連接，則一律用過(guò)去式。

They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.4．在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。

He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information.Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法

（1）表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如next month, tomorrow, in a week, soon等連用。

I will go to the zoo next Sunday.She’ll go to the cinema tonight.（2）表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

Some birds will fly away to the south when winter comes.（3）“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”可以表示：

I）根據(jù)目前跡象某件事情很有可能發(fā)生。

Look at those clouds!It’s going to rain.II）打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做某事

We’re going to meet outside the school gate.will與be going to都可表示將來(lái)，通?？苫Q，但下面幾種情形只用will而不用be going to。

（1）表示“帶有意愿色彩的將來(lái)”時(shí)

I’ll help you if you need.（2）問(wèn)對(duì)方是否愿意或表示客氣的邀請(qǐng)或命令時(shí)

Will you go shopping with me?

Will you please open the door?（3）表示客觀必然會(huì)發(fā)生的事情

It will be Monday tomorrow.（4）在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，主句如果是將來(lái)時(shí)，則多用will。

I’ll take care of your baby when you are out.I’ll open the window if you smoke here.四、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法相同（參見(jiàn)一般將來(lái)時(shí)）

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作時(shí)，只能用would，而不用should。如： I would swim in this pool when I was a child.This window wouldn’t close.五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

（1）表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與now, at present, at this, moment等連用。

It is snowing now.He is watching TV at present（2）與these days, this week/month等連用，表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。He is studying hard these days.He is writing a book.在“Look!, Listen!”等感嘆句后，通常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： Look!The bus is coming.比較：Look!There comes the bus.（以Here, There為首的句子以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。）

（3）與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，表示最近計(jì)劃或安排好的將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，主要用于go, come, arrive, leave start, return等瞬間動(dòng)詞。即用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。

He is leaving for Nanjing tonight.The meeting is beginning at three this afternoon.（4）與always, continually, forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作，代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表達(dá)說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)烈的感情。如贊揚(yáng)、不滿、討厭等。如：

He is always asking such silly questions.He is continually making mistakes.。

沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞

1． 表示“存在、位置”的動(dòng)詞。如：be（是），lie（位于），stand（位于）

She is a doctor.The mountain lies in the middle of the country.The tower stands beside the river.lie, stand分別作“躺、站”解時(shí)，可用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：

The cat is lying under the table.He is standing against the door.2． 表示“所有”的動(dòng)詞。如：have（有），own（擁有）

I have a new car.He owns a lot of houses.當(dāng)have作“吃、舉行”講時(shí)，可用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：

She is having lunch now.They are having a sports meeting.3． 表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞。如：see（看到），hear（聽(tīng)到），smell（聞到），feel（摸起來(lái)），taste（嘗起來(lái)），find（發(fā)現(xiàn)）等。

I see a snake lying in the grass.4． 表示心理活動(dòng)和情感的動(dòng)詞，如：know（知道），understand（理解），think（作為），like（喜歡），love（愛(ài)），hate（恨），hope（希望），want（想要）等

I think they are right.I like music.think作“想，考慮”解時(shí)，可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：

I’m thinking about it now.Do you know what he is thinking about?

六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法相同，只不過(guò)參照的時(shí)間基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)不同。（1）過(guò)去進(jìn)行表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。一般和特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句連用。如：then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in等。

I was playing volley-ball this time last Sunday.Li Fang was watching TV when her father came back.（2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間是持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

They were making ships last month.（3）go, come, leave等瞬間動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間安排或計(jì)劃好的即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

The plane was arriving at eight.飛

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)“動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性”，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)“有過(guò)這件事”。

I was playing chess last night.I played chess last night.My father worked last Sunday.My father was working last Sunday.七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法

（1）表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，但后果或影響仍在。常與already, just, yet等副詞連用。

I have just read your letter.He has already come back.(2）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。常與for或since引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

He has lived here for three years.I have been here since 1976.①．for后通常跟一個(gè)時(shí)間段，而since后只能跟一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：for two weeks持續(xù)兩周時(shí)間；since Monday自從周一。

②．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是瞬間動(dòng)詞，如come, go, begin, join等，則不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。

如：他到此兩周了：He has arrived here for two weeks.（×）此時(shí)需轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)方式： ①用ago代替for，并改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)②用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞代替瞬間動(dòng)詞③用It is/It has been…since…句型，如：

He arrived here two weeks ago.He has been here for two weeks.It is/It has been two weeks since he arrived here.當(dāng)瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句時(shí)，則可以與時(shí)間段連用。如： I haven’t gone there for six years.（3）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作已成為某種經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

I have been to Paris twice.It’s one of the most interesting films I’ve ever seen.比較have been to與have gone to

have been to表示“去過(guò)某地”，現(xiàn)在已回來(lái)了，可以與ever ,since等詞連用。如：

I have ever been to London.have gone to表示“去某地了”現(xiàn)在尚未回來(lái)，不能與ever, since等詞連用。

He has gone to London.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別

二者都表示“動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生”，區(qū)別在于：

（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，即對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。He has learned French for three years.他學(xué)法語(yǔ)已三年了。He learned French for three years.他曾學(xué)過(guò)三年法語(yǔ)。

Who has taken my bag? I couldn't find it.誰(shuí)拿走了我的包？我找不著了！He cleaned the house yesterday.他昨天打掃過(guò)房間。

The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already.房間很干凈，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)打掃過(guò)了。

（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不可與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間副詞連用，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則可以。

He has done some washing yesterday.（F）

He did some washing yesterday.（T）

他昨天洗衣服了。

八、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法

與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法相同，只不過(guò)作為衡量基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)不同，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以現(xiàn)在作為衡量的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，而過(guò)去完成時(shí)則以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻作為基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)。

（1）表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，常by, before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：

By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.He had measured me before I could get in a word.我還沒(méi)說(shuō)話，他已把衣服量完了。

We had scarcely reached the school before it began to rain.我們剛到學(xué)校天就下雨了。

（2）表示由過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)相連用。

She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.He said he had taught in the university since 1957.（3）敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情后，反過(guò)來(lái)又追敘或補(bǔ)述更早以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

I knew nothing about this matter, for I had been away for six month.Some people ran into the street.They had heard a loud noise.九、時(shí)態(tài)的一致

在一些從句（主要是賓語(yǔ)從句）中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，常常受主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的影響，這叫做時(shí)態(tài)的一致。

時(shí)態(tài)的一致通常分以下一些情況下考慮：

1．當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)，在這種情況下，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用任何所需時(shí)態(tài)。如：

I know that Mr.Brown is a good teacher.She believes that he was once a solider.He will tell us what he is going to do.2．當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，在這種情況下，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以分為下面三種情況：

（1）如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句則需要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：

He was wondering where he could put the box.The students were talking while the teacher was writing on the blackboard.（2）如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，從句則要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：

He said his father had been dead for twenty years.他說(shuō)他父親已經(jīng)去世二十年了。

（3）如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后，從句則要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如：

She said she would finish the work tonight.We knew that it was going to snow.3．當(dāng)從句所說(shuō)明的為一般真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，無(wú)論主句為何時(shí)態(tài)，從句不受影響，仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。

The boy was told that the moon travels around the earth.Everybody knows that sixty minutes make an hour.回答者： 飄零漫雪 | 四級(jí) | 2010-8-5 11:38

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): 主語(yǔ)+do/does(現(xiàn)在分詞)

2.一般過(guò)去時(shí): 主語(yǔ)+did

3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): 主語(yǔ)+am/is/are doing

4.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): was/were doing

e.g 5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have/has done

6.過(guò)去完成時(shí): had done

7.一般將來(lái)時(shí): will do/

8.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí): was/were to /would do

回答者： dolphin°の調(diào) | 十級(jí) | 2010-8-5 11:39

英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)（tense）是一種動(dòng)詞形式，不同的時(shí)態(tài)用以表示不同的時(shí)間與方式。

是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。因此，當(dāng)我們說(shuō)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式。

英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)分為16種：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過(guò)去、一般將來(lái)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，以及這四者的進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

下面就英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的八種基本時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行闡述，其它的時(shí)態(tài)都是在這八種時(shí)態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合而成的。

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：

1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays，3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞 原形（如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式）

4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don't,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn)，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。

6.例句：.It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words.二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：

1.概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞 的過(guò)去式

4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

5.一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.I didn't know you were so busy.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：

1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, at this time, these days, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing

4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。

6.例句： How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his lessons.四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：

1.概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing

4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把was或were放于句首。

6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

1.概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done

4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.5.一般疑問(wèn)句：have或has。

6.例句：I've written an article.The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)：

1.概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done.4.否定形式：had + not + done.5.一般疑問(wèn)句：had放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month.We had reviewed four books七、一般將來(lái)時(shí)：

1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.4.否定形式：was/were + not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

5.一般疑問(wèn)句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。

6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：

1.概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.5.一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。

6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.I asked who was going there.九.將來(lái)完成時(shí)：

1.概念：在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：by the time of;by the end of+時(shí)間短語(yǔ)（將來(lái)）;by the time+從句（將來(lái)）

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to/will/shall + have done

十.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):

1.概念：在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話為止

2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has +been+doing 幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換

英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換，以下是幾種常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換形式：

十一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達(dá)方式：①瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中；②瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)，與一段時(shí)間連用；③瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中，表示“自從……以來(lái)有……時(shí)間”的意思，主句一般用it is來(lái)代替It has been;④瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看：

A.He joined the League two years ago.B.He has been in the League for two years.C.It is two years since he joined the League.D.Two years has passed since he joined the League.十二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上學(xué)、上課）等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看：

Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Peter is working, but Mike is playing.十三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：I am coming, Mum!意為“我就來(lái)，媽媽?zhuān)　闭?qǐng)看：

The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.回答者： kevinyb | 八級(jí) | 2010-8-5 11:39一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, month…), on Sundays.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞 原形（如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式）

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)/三單+do/does not+V原+其他

5.一般疑問(wèn)句：用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn)，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。

6.例句:He is always ready to help others.Do you like it?

I don't like it at all.二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)

1.概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞或be的過(guò)去時(shí)+名詞

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+was/were +not+其他;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

5.例句：She often came to help us in those days.Did they arrive at the hotel yesterday?

I didn't know you were so busy.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?？梢员硎居杏?jì)劃的未來(lái)，也就是用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, at the moment , at the time , today , tonight , this morning , this afternoon , this evening , this week , this month , this year , while , ect.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be+v.-ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式 4.例句： The leaves are turning red.Are they playing football in the playground?

He is not waiting for his brother at all.四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ)+was/were +doing +其他

4.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.Was she reading the book at 12:30?

He wasn't working in his office at that time.五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1.概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has +p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其他

4.例句：The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.Have they finished their task? He hasn't understood yet.六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1.概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Before, by the end of last year(term, month…), etc.until，as soon as

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+had + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其他

4.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.Had he watched this film before last Sunday? They hadn't been to Chengdu before the visit.七、一般將來(lái)時(shí)

1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are +going to + do+其他；主語(yǔ)+will/shall + do+其他

4.例句：He will phone his aunt tomorrow.Will there be a meeting at school tomorrow? We won't forget your kindness.八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

1.概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：The next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+was/were +going to + do+其他；主語(yǔ)+would/should + do+其他

4.例句：He said he would go home the next day.Did he said that he would come the next week?

She didn't expect that she would be late.

第五篇：初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞八種時(shí)態(tài)講解

初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞八種時(shí)態(tài)講解

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

主要用于下面幾情況：

1)描述當(dāng)前時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

在這種情景中，句子常帶有表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always , everyday , often , once a week(month , year , etc.), sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是習(xí)慣性的、經(jīng)常性的。例如：

They raise ducks as a sideline.他們以養(yǎng)鴨為副業(yè)。She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month.她不常給家里寫(xiě)信，僅一月一封而已。

I cycle to work every day.我每天騎自行車(chē)上班。It seldom rains here.這兒很少下雨。2）僅為了描述狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征、能力等等。

這里的目的是為了“描述現(xiàn)階段的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)”，其重點(diǎn)“不是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、或進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)”。例如：

He can speak five foreign languages.他能說(shuō)五種外語(yǔ)。That is a beautiful city.那是座美麗的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.長(zhǎng)江是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。

She majors in music.她主修音樂(lè)。

All my family love football.我全家人都喜歡足球。My sister is always ready to help others.我妹妹總是樂(lè)于助人。

3)陳述客觀事實(shí)、客觀真理。

顧名思義，客觀的情況是“沒(méi)有時(shí)間概念”的；也“不會(huì)在意動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)”。例如：

The sun rises in the east.日出東方。

The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。Ten minus two is eight.十減二等于八。

Light travels faster than sound.光的速度比聲音的速度快。

The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.美國(guó)位于太平洋西岸。

4)根據(jù)英文語(yǔ)法規(guī)定，當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，那么時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：

I'll tell him the news when he comes back.他回來(lái)時(shí)，我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。

If you take the job, they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談?wù)劶?xì)節(jié)。

用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的副詞，除了上面提到的一些表示頻率的以外，常見(jiàn)的還有：now, today , nowadays等等。

2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)

主要是用來(lái)描述在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它也可以用來(lái)表示在過(guò)去某段時(shí)間里經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。這一點(diǎn)在表達(dá)意義上與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)相同，只是所在的時(shí)間區(qū)域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子里常常有一個(gè)意義較具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。這也是它與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的最大區(qū)別之一。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)由謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示，也就是說(shuō)動(dòng)詞詞末要加-ed（除不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞外）。常和一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：last night(week , month , year , century , etc.), yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning(afternoon , evening), in 1999 , two hours ago(one week ago , tree years ago , …)等等。

使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，在某種意義上說(shuō)就是要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在于過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候。“過(guò)去”的時(shí)間概念有兩層意思：一是指“現(xiàn)在某個(gè)時(shí)間”以前的時(shí)間；二是指“說(shuō)話、寫(xiě)文章的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”以前的時(shí)間，在這個(gè)意義上，“現(xiàn)在的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”是很小很小的，甚至于小到無(wú)法量化的程度。例如：

He got his driving license last month.他上個(gè)月拿到了駕照。

--Where's Jim? 吉姆在哪里？--He just went out.他剛剛出去。

3、一般將來(lái)時(shí)

主要用來(lái)描述將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在于未來(lái)的情況。這里所說(shuō)的“將來(lái)時(shí)間”是指“說(shuō)話、寫(xiě)文章那一刻以后的時(shí)間”。它的表示方法主要有如下幾種：

1）shall / will + 動(dòng)詞原形這種表示方法是說(shuō)，動(dòng)作在現(xiàn)在或目前還未發(fā)生，要在將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生；它沒(méi)有主觀性，是“純粹的將來(lái)動(dòng)作”。例如：

I shall / will not be free tomorrow.我明天沒(méi)空。He will arrive here this evening.他今晚抵達(dá)這里。2)be(am / is / are)+ going +不定式

這種表示方法主要是說(shuō)明A）“說(shuō)話人的意圖、打算”；B）“某種可能性”。例如：

A)He is going to spend his holidays in London.他打算在倫敦度假。

Who is going to speak first? 誰(shuí)先發(fā)言？ B)It is going to rain soon.馬上要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us? 他會(huì)幫我們收集資料嗎？

If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place.如果你去新西蘭，你會(huì)喜歡上那個(gè)地方的。

3)be(am / is / are)+ 不定式表示方法描述兩鐘情況： 按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間一般不會(huì)很遠(yuǎn)； 要求或命令他人做某事。例如：

A)The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days.新橋三天后通車(chē)。

The factory is to go into production before National Day.這家工廠國(guó)慶節(jié)前投產(chǎn)。

B)You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room.任何移動(dòng)通訊工具都不得帶入考場(chǎng)。

You are to stay home until your mother comes back.你媽回來(lái)之前你不要出去。

4)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（限于某些動(dòng)詞）表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事。這種表示方法實(shí)際上已經(jīng)在上面“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)之4）”中談過(guò)。主要強(qiáng)調(diào)“按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事”。例如：

Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下車(chē)嗎？ The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m.那架飛機(jī)上午十一點(diǎn)起飛。

Mr.Reider is leaving for New York next week.里德先生下周動(dòng)身去紐約。

4、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

表示過(guò)去的某時(shí)以后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但這個(gè)“將來(lái)”時(shí)間絕不會(huì)延伸到“現(xiàn)在”；而僅限于“過(guò)去時(shí)間區(qū)域內(nèi)”。由此可以看出，含這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的句子常帶一個(gè)表示“過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”的狀語(yǔ)。這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)或是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，或是一個(gè)句子。這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)常用于： A）賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)中；B）表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；C）表示過(guò)去情況中的“愿望”、“傾向”，多用于否定句。例如：

A)When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be.當(dāng)我考慮這件事時(shí)，我想知道他們的反應(yīng)是什么。

She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day.她告訴我，她第二天要去歐洲旅行。

He didn't expect that we would all be there.他沒(méi)料到我們會(huì)全在那兒。

B)During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day.在那段時(shí)間，他每天早鍛煉。

Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework.無(wú)論他什么時(shí)間有空,他總是幫他媽媽干點(diǎn)家務(wù)活。

C)No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it.不管工作有多難，他總會(huì)堅(jiān)持不懈地把它干完。

They knew that we would never permit such a thing.他們知道我們絕不會(huì)允許發(fā)生這樣的事。

Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave.甚至在講座結(jié)束之后，聽(tīng)眾仍不肯離去。

5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

主要用來(lái)描述“說(shuō)話、寫(xiě)文章的當(dāng)刻”正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或是“現(xiàn)階段”一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。它適用于下面的情況：

1）“說(shuō)話、寫(xiě)文章的當(dāng)刻”正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如： They are having a football match.他們正在賽足球。She is writing her term paper.她正在寫(xiě)學(xué)期論文。Someone is asking for you on the phone.有人找你聽(tīng)電話。

2）“現(xiàn)階段”一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這種情況并不是說(shuō)某個(gè)動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話的那會(huì)兒正在發(fā)生，而是說(shuō)某個(gè)動(dòng)作在當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行著，或是重復(fù)地發(fā)生著。例如：

He is preparing for CET Band Six.他在為大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試作準(zhǔn)備。

How are you getting along with your new job？ 你那份新工作干得怎么樣？

3）表示說(shuō)話人的情感，如：贊許、批評(píng)；喜歡、厭惡等。這時(shí)的動(dòng)作并不是正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行，而是表示經(jīng)常性，相當(dāng)于“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”所描述的情況。例如：

He is always thinking of others , not of himself.（表示贊許）他總是為他人著想，而不為自己。

She is often doing well at school.（表示滿意）她在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)挺不錯(cuò)的。Are you feeling better today?（表示親切）你今天覺(jué)得好一些嗎？

One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不滿）我的一個(gè)室友老是亂扔?xùn)|西。

Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us.（表示不喜歡）有些推銷(xiāo)員老是敲我家的門(mén),向我們推銷(xiāo)他們的產(chǎn)品。

4）表示在近期按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用于這種情況僅限于少量的動(dòng)詞，如：go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch(吃午飯), return, dine(進(jìn)餐，尤指晚餐), work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear(穿，戴)等。例如：

I'm dinning out with my friends this evening.今晚我將和朋友在外面吃飯。

An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon.今天下午一位美國(guó)教授要來(lái)作報(bào)告。

We are having a holiday next Wednesday.下周三我們放假。

Are you staying here till next week? 你要在這兒呆到下星期嗎？

6、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

主要表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。由于它的定義是表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，所以，句子常帶有一個(gè)表示“過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”的狀語(yǔ)。這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)可能是短語(yǔ)，詞組，或是一個(gè)從句。也可能是通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表達(dá)這層意思。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于下面的情景中： 1）表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，例如：

At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候，我正在收拾東西去露營(yíng)。

When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.上次我來(lái)看她的時(shí)候，她正在寫(xiě)一篇文章。

What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八點(diǎn)鐘你在做什么？

2）用于故事的開(kāi)頭，交代故事發(fā)生的背景情況。

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)所描述的動(dòng)作是“正在進(jìn)行”，所以，在這種情景中用“過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)”可以給讀者一種“動(dòng)感”，從而能使文章更加生動(dòng)活潑。例如：

One night, he was typing in his study.Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity ….一天晚上，他正在書(shū)房里打字。突然，一個(gè)人闖進(jìn)屋來(lái)，切斷了電源……

3)（僅限少數(shù)動(dòng)詞）表示在過(guò)去的未來(lái)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：

When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday.國(guó)慶節(jié)即將來(lái)臨的時(shí)候，他們開(kāi)始制訂度假計(jì)劃。She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.她告訴我她將去海南度假。

My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day.我朋友對(duì)我說(shuō)，他今天要與他的一位客戶一塊兒吃午飯。

We left there when it's getting dark.天快黑的時(shí)候，我們離開(kāi)了那兒。

7、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

主要表示：A）在將來(lái)某時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；B）預(yù)計(jì)、安排即將發(fā)生或勢(shì)必發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：

A）在將來(lái)某時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：

You can have a meeting in my office on Friday.I won't be using it.星期五你可以在我的辦公室開(kāi)會(huì)。那會(huì)兒我不用它。

What will you be doing tomorrow morning? 明天上午你做什么？

It won't be long before that we will be making a new computer for more advanced calculation.不久我們就要造一部新計(jì)算器進(jìn)行更高級(jí)的運(yùn)算。

I can't go to the party tonight.I'll be seeing off a friend.今晚我不能參加聚會(huì)了。我要給一位朋友送行。

B）預(yù)計(jì)、安排即將發(fā)生或勢(shì)必發(fā)生的動(dòng)作： 在這里，將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)很接近，但是前者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作“按計(jì)劃、安排要發(fā)生；間或也表示委婉、客氣”，而后者只表示“動(dòng)作會(huì)在未來(lái)時(shí)間發(fā)生”。

We shall be meeting at the school gate.我們?cè)谛ｉT(mén)口見(jiàn)面。

What shall we be doing next ? 我們干什么？ If you don't do so , you will be facing great difficulties.你如果不這樣做就會(huì)面臨很大的困難。

Shall I be interrupting you if I stay here for a while? 要是我在這兒呆一會(huì)兒，會(huì)干擾你們嗎？

8、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

對(duì)于初接觸現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種茫然，因?yàn)樗坪跖c一般過(guò)去時(shí)相似。那就是，這兩種時(shí)態(tài)描述的動(dòng)作都始于過(guò)去。其實(shí)不然，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要表示，發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛完成、或許還要延續(xù)；側(cè)重于這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在帶來(lái)的結(jié)果、產(chǎn)生的影響、積累的總和等等。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則只不過(guò)是表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的什么時(shí)候。弄清了這一區(qū)別，就很容易理解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)了。它主要適用于下面的幾種情況： 1）表示截止現(xiàn)在業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作

By now, I have collected all the data that I need.到現(xiàn)在為止，我已收集到了我所需的全部資料。

She has read 150 pages today.她今天已看了150頁(yè)。We haven't met for many years.我們已多年沒(méi)見(jiàn)了。They have developed a new product.他們研制成功了一種新產(chǎn)品。

2）表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去而對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響、帶來(lái)結(jié)果的動(dòng)作

Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚飯了嗎？

She has been to the United States.她已去美國(guó)了。You have grown much taller.你長(zhǎng)高了許多。3）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能還要延續(xù)

It has been five years since he joined the army.他參軍五年了。

They have learned English for eight years.他們已學(xué)了八年的英語(yǔ)了。

So far we've only discussed the first five chapters.至今我們還只討論了前五章。幾點(diǎn)注意

1)一個(gè)句子應(yīng)該用什么時(shí)態(tài)只能取決于它需要表達(dá)的意思，以及它所處的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。例如：

He speaks English.（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的經(jīng)常性。）

He spoke English when he was in New Zealand.（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。）

He is speaking English.（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。）

He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，這里說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的總和。）

He has been speaking English since he came to the USA.（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性。）

2）在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)時(shí)；如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。

例如：I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.3)有些動(dòng)詞表示無(wú)法持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，它們一般不宜用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。

Be動(dòng)詞若是用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，可表示暫時(shí)、短暫的情況或表現(xiàn)。例如：

Tom is being a good boy today.湯姆今天很乖。He is being childish.他這樣做是耍孩子氣。You are not being modest.你這樣說(shuō)不太謙虛。4）關(guān)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)問(wèn)題.A.凡是“完成時(shí)態(tài)”都表示，不知道也不管動(dòng)作發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間, 所以在使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里，不可以帶有表示具體過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如：yesterday , last week(month , year , etc.), two weeks ago , in 1999等；但常和有些副詞連用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。

B.在以when提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)中不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。另外，ago不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里，因?yàn)樗硎緩默F(xiàn)在算起的以前某個(gè)時(shí)間，屬于表示具體過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。但是可以用before 來(lái)表示“以前”的意義，因?yàn)樗槐硎尽耙郧啊保恢裁磿r(shí)候的以前。

C.如果是不表示連續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子，不可以和以for表示的“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。在這種情況下，應(yīng)該用“It has been … ；since…”的句式來(lái)表達(dá)。如：

He has joined the army for five years.（錯(cuò)誤）It has been five years since he joined the army.（正確）

★哈佛大學(xué)★英語(yǔ)系研究，美國(guó)布什推薦。專(zhuān)為中