第一篇：美猴王課文原文翻譯

美猴王課文是明代吳承恩的作品《西游記》中的一段。下面請看小編帶來的美猴王課文原文！

美猴王課文原文

東勝神洲，海外有一國土，名曰傲來國。國近大海，海中有一座名山，喚為花果山。那座山正當頂上，有一塊仙石，內育仙胞，一日迸裂，產一石卵，似圓球樣大。因見風，化作一個石猴。五官俱備，四肢皆全。那猴在山中，卻會行走跳躍，食草木，飲澗泉，采山花，覓樹果；與狼蟲為伴，虎豹為群，獐鹿為友，獼猿為親；夜宿石崖之下，朝游峰洞之中。真是“山中無甲子，寒盡不知年”。

一朝天氣炎熱，與群猴避暑，都在松陰之下頑耍。一群猴子耍了一會，卻去那山澗中洗澡。見那股澗水奔流，真個似滾瓜涌濺。古云：“禽有禽言，獸有獸語。”眾猴都道：“這股水不知是哪里的水。我們今日趕閑無事，順澗邊往上溜頭尋看源流，耍子去耶！”喊一聲，都拖男挈女，喚弟呼兄，一齊跑來，順澗爬山，直至源流之處，仍是一股瀑布飛泉。

眾猴拍手稱揚道：“好水！好水！原來此處遠通山腳之下，直接大海之波。”又道：“哪一個有本事的，鉆進去尋個源頭出來，不傷身體者，我等即拜他為王。”連呼了三聲，忽見叢雜中跳出一個石猴，應聲高叫道：“我進去！我進去！”

你看他瞑目蹲身，將身一縱，徑跳入瀑布泉中，忽睜睛抬頭觀看，那里邊卻無水無波，明明朗朗的一架橋梁。他住了身，定了神，仔細再看，原來是座鐵板橋。橋下之水，沖貫于石竅之間，倒掛流出去，遮閉了橋門。卻又欠身上橋頭，再走再看，卻似有人家住處一般，真個好所在。

看罷多時，跳過橋中間，左右觀看，只見正當中有一石碣。碣上有一行楷書大字，鐫著“花果山福地，水簾洞洞天”。石猴喜不自勝，急抽身往外便走，得瞑目蹲身，跳出水外，打了兩個呵呵道：“大造化！大造化！”眾猴把他圍住，問道：“里面怎么樣？水有多深？”石猴道：“沒水！沒水！原來是一座鐵板橋。橋那邊是一座天造地設的家當。”眾猴道：“怎見得是個家當？”石猴笑道：“這股水乃是橋下沖貫石竅，倒掛下來遮閉門戶的。橋邊有花有樹，乃是一座石房。房內有石鍋、石灶、石碗、石盆、石床、石凳。中間一塊石碣上，鐫著‘花果山福地，水簾洞洞天’。真個是我們安身之處。里面且是寬闊，容得千百口老小。我們都進去住，也省得受老天之氣。”

眾猴聽得，個個歡喜。都道：“你還先走，帶我們進去，進去！”石猴卻又瞑目蹲身，往里一跳，叫道：“都隨我進來！進來！”那些猴有膽大的，都跳進去了；膽小的，一個個伸頭縮頸，抓耳撓腮，大聲叫喊，纏一會，也都進去了。跳過橋頭，一個個搶盆奪碗，占灶爭床，搬過來，移過去，正是猴性頑劣，再無一個寧時，只搬得力倦神疲方止。石猴端坐上面道：“列位呵，‘人而無信，不知其可’。你們才說有本事進得來，出得去，不傷身體者，就拜他為王。我如今進來又出去，出去又進來，尋了這一個洞天與列位安眠穩睡，各享成家之福，何不拜我為王？”眾猴聽說，即拱伏無違。一個個序齒排班，朝上禮拜，都稱“千歲大王”。

自此，石猴高登王位，將“石”字兒隱了，遂稱美猴王。美猴王領一群猿猴、獼猴、馬猴等，分派了君臣佐使，朝游花果山，暮宿水簾洞，合契同情，不入飛鳥之叢，不從走獸之類，獨自為王，不勝歡樂。

【美猴王教學設計】

【教學要求】

思想品德要求：了解我國古代長篇神話小說《西游記》，認識作者塑造美猴王這一形象的意義，提高學生的文學欣賞水平。

知識要求：繼續鞏固小說知識，學習分析小說中的藝術形象。

學習本文語言通俗、生動、簡潔的特點。

能力要求：了解、鞏固小說情節層次的劃分。

了解、鞏固小說中藝術形象的表現手法。

【重點難點】

重點：把握美猴王這一藝術形象

難點：了解作者塑造美猴王這一藝術形象的意義，從而正確把握本文中心。

【教學課時】兩課時

第 一 課 時

一、教學目標

熟悉課文，理清故事情節，了解大概內容

朗讀課文，提高朗讀能力

二、教學過程

（一）導入新課

看電視連續劇《西游記》與本課有關的一段劇情。

今天我們一起來欣賞《西游記》片斷。

《西游記》是我國古代著名的神話小說，作者吳承恩，明代小說家，他的《西游記》在中國文學史上產生了巨大影響。

什么是神話小說？它源于以神為中心的古代傳說。古人不能分清人和神的概念，認為天地萬物都是具有同人一樣的生命，往往借神話去說明一切，把它作為一個民族的共同信仰。這些神話在民間流傳廣泛，經過后人不斷加工而寫成小說，叫做神話小說。

《西游記》共100回，主要寫的是美猴王——孫悟空戰勝妖魔保護唐僧去西天取經的故事。全書可分為三個部分。課文節選的是全書的開端，寫美猴王的來歷，以后的故事都是從這里生發出來的。

下面我們就來欣賞這篇課文。

（二）閱讀要求

1．默讀課文，利用工具書給課文的生字詞注音釋義，掃除文字障礙。

2．給課文劃分段落層次，理清故事情節，了解課文內容。

（三）字、詞的落實

（四）賞析課文

學生討論，整理課文層次，理清故事情節

第一部分：（第一自然段）（故事開端）：寫石猴出世

討論要點：石猴不比其它猴子，是破仙石而出，所以雖不是母體所生，卻肢體俱全。起筆就顯出它的神奇出眾，為后文寫孫悟空的神通廣大，降服妖魔埋下了伏筆。

第二部分：（二、三自然段）（故事發展）寫石猴的山間生活

討論要點：作者分別從行動、飲食、交往行蹤四個方面，集中體現它活潑、機智、靈巧的特點。這樣既照應了石猴的神異出眾，又為下文寫發現水簾洞作鋪墊。

第三部分：（第四自然段）（故事高潮和結局）：寫石猴發現水簾洞，帶領眾猴進洞居住，并被擁戴為王。

（五）板書設計

14．美猴王

吳承恩

情節發展順序：

故事開端：石猴出世，神異出眾

故事發展：山間生活，自薦探泉

故事結局：發現洞天，攜眾搬家，被擁為王

（六）課堂作業設計

第二篇：曹沖稱象原文課文翻譯

曹沖稱象這一故事出自三國志，今天小編為大家準備了曹沖稱象原文課文翻譯，歡迎閱讀!

曹沖稱象原文課文翻譯

版本1：沖少聰察，生五六歲，智意所及，有若成人之智。時孫權嘗致大象，太祖欲知其斤重，訪之群下，咸莫能出其理。沖曰：“置象大船之上，而刻其水痕所至，稱物以載之，則校可知矣。”太祖大悅，即施行焉。

版本2：曹沖生五六歲，智意所及，有若成人。時孫權嘗致巨象，太祖欲知其斤重，訪之群下，咸莫能出其理。沖曰：“置象于船上，而刻其水痕所至，稱物以載之，則校可知矣。復稱他物，則象重可知也”太祖悅，即施行焉。

版本一：曹沖年少聰明善于觀察，到五六歲的時候，知識和判斷能力意識所達到的程度，可以比得上成人。孫權送來過一頭巨象，曹操想要知道這象的重量，詢問他的下屬，都沒法想出稱象的辦法。曹沖說：“把象安放到大船上，在水面所達到的地方做上記號，再讓船裝載其它東西，(稱一下這些東西)，那么比較就能知道結果了。”曹操聽了很高興，馬上照這個辦法做了。

版本二：曹沖五六歲時，知識和判斷能力意識所達到的程度，就可以比得上成人了。孫權送來一頭巨大的象，曹操想要知道這頭象的重量，向他的下屬詢問這件事，可眾大臣都不能想出稱象的辦法。曹沖說：“把象安放到大船上，在水沒過船痕跡的地方刻上記號，稱實物裝上船，那么比較之下就能知道結果了。”曹操聽了很高興，立刻按照這個辦法實施行動。

注釋

1.智：智慧

2.若：相比

3.欲：想要

4.意：意識

5.咸：都

6.致：送

5.及：達到

6.致：送到

7.太祖：曹操，即曹沖之父

8.訪：詢問

9.群下：手下群臣

10.理：辦法;道理

11.校：通“較”，比較

12.物：物品

13.悅：高興，開心

14.施行焉：按這辦法做了

15.嘗：曾經。

16.咸：全，都

17.置：安放。

18.焉：于，對它

19.生：長到

20.少 ：年少

第三篇：觀潮課文原文及翻譯

文言文《觀潮》描寫了錢塘江潮水怎樣的壯闊景象呢？以下是小編整理的觀潮課文原文及翻譯，歡迎參考閱讀！

【原文】

浙江之潮，天下之偉觀也。自既望以至十八日為盛。方其遠出海門，僅如銀線；既而漸近，則玉城雪嶺際天而來，大聲如雷霆，震撼激射，吞天沃日，勢極雄豪。楊誠齋詩云“海涌銀為郭，江橫玉系腰”者是也。

每歲京尹出浙江亭教閱水軍，艨艟數百，分列兩岸；既而盡奔騰分合五陣之勢，并有乘騎弄旗標槍舞刀于水面者，如履平地。倏爾黃煙四起，人物略不相睹，水爆轟震，聲如崩山。煙消波靜，則一舸無跡，僅有“敵船”為火所焚，隨波而逝。

吳兒善泅者數百，皆披發文身，手持十幅大彩旗，爭先鼓勇，溯迎而上，出沒于鯨波萬仞中，騰身百變，而旗尾略不沾濕，以此夸能

江干上下十余里間，珠翠羅綺溢目，車馬塞途，飲食百物皆倍穹常時，而僦賃看幕，雖席地不容間也。

【翻譯】

錢塘江潮，是天下雄偉的景象啊。從農歷（八月）十六日到十八日為最盛。當潮水從浙江入海口涌起的時候，（遠遠看去），幾乎像一條銀白色的線；隨著潮水越來越近，就像玉城雪嶺一般連天涌來，聲音大得像雷霆萬鈞，震撼天地，激揚噴薄，吞沒宇宙，滌蕩太陽，來勢極其雄偉豪壯。楊萬里的詩中說的“海涌銀為郭，江橫玉系腰”描寫的就是這樣的景象啊。

每年（陰歷八月），京都臨安府長官來到浙江亭校閱水軍，數百條戰船分列兩岸；然后演習五陣的陣勢，忽而疾駛，忽而騰起，忽而分，忽而合，極盡種種變化，同時有在水面上騎馬、舞旗、舉槍、揮刀的人，好像踩在平地上一樣。忽然黃煙四起，人和物一點兒也看不見了，（只聽得）傳來水爆的轟鳴聲，聲音如同山塌了一樣。（待到）煙霧消散，水面又恢復了平靜，看不到一條船的蹤跡，只剩下被火燒毀的“敵船”，隨著波浪流走了。

幾百個善于泅水的吳中健兒，披散著頭發，渾身刺著花繡，手里拿著十幅大彩旗，爭相奮力逆流迎潮而上，（他們的身影）在萬仞高的驚濤駭浪中浮沉，翻騰著身子變換著各種姿態，而旗尾卻一點也不被水沾濕，憑借這種（表演）來顯示他們（高超）的技能。

江岸上下十多里的地方里，滿眼都是華麗的服飾，路上堵滿了車馬，食物和別的各種東西都比平常貴上一倍，而租賃看棚的人非常多，即使是一席之地的空地也不容有。

賞析

本篇選自《武林舊事》卷三。《武林舊事》一書系周密于宋亡之后所寫，內容主要追記南宋歲時風俗、市井瑣細，兼及游觀之盛、娛樂之資，相當詳備細致；而滲透于其中的，又是一種“惻惻興亡”的盛衰感慨。

本篇主要描繪“錢塘觀潮”的盛況。對此，另外幾部杭州的風俗志(《都域紀勝》《西湖老人繁勝錄》和《夢粱錄》)都先已有過記述，不過都遠不如此文生動形象。全文可分四層：

第一層寫潮來之狀。它用動態的“鏡頭攝像法”描寫了初來之狀(“僅如銀線”)、既來之狀(“既而漸近，則玉城雪嶺”)，又配之以“音響效果”(“大聲如雷霆”)，收到了文字盡管簡約而令人視聽不暇應接的藝術功效。

第二層寫教閱水軍的場面。其中的“場景”又多次轉換：先是“艨艟數百，分列兩岸”和乘騎弄旗、舞刀弄槍于水面的雄偉場面；接著寫兩軍(假設的軍事演習)交戰、硝煙彌漫的場面，最后寫煙消波靜、“敵船”匿跡的場面。使人如同親眼目睹這一番水戰那樣，感到十分真切。

第三層寫“弄潮兒”的競技，他們披發文身，手持大旗，爭相逆潮而上；雖于鯨波萬頃之中，卻能不濕旗尾！讀后使人為之咋舌鼓掌。

第四層寫杭州市民和皇室的觀潮情景，其中突出描寫了杭州城的豪奢：請看，江岸十余里間，觸處珠翠羅綺；而皇帝在“天開圖畫臺”上觀潮，遠望去簡直就像是在神仙臺上那般。讀到這里，雖然文字嘎然而止，但周密在提筆追憶往事時的那種“時移物換，憂患飄零，追想昔游，殆如夢寐”的興亡盛衰之感，卻又“言在紙外”地悄然升起矣。

總觀全篇，盡管篇幅不長，而場面熱鬧、內容豐富，這大大得力于周密善于剪裁、善于描繪的文字功力。首先，它剪裁得當，敘寫井然，給人以場面多變而層次井然的印象，其次，它語言簡練，卻又描繪細致，又給人以“尺幅之中層千里之勢”的藝術享受。應該感謝周密，他給我們留下了這幅13世紀南宋優美的杭城風俗圖畫。

周密

周密（1232-1298），字公謹，號草窗，又號四水潛夫、弁陽老人、華不注山人，南宋詞人、文學家。祖籍濟南，流寓吳興（今浙江湖州）。宋德右間為義烏縣（今年內屬浙江）令。入元隱居不仕。自號四水潛夫。他的詩文都有成就，又能詩畫音律，尤好藏棄校書，一生著述較豐。著有《齊東野語》、《武林舊事》、《癸辛雜識》、《志雅堂要雜鈔》等雜著數十種。其詞遠祖清真，近法姜夔，風格清雅秀潤，與吳文英并稱“二窗”，詞集名《頻洲漁笛譜》、《草窗詞》。

第四篇：逍遙游高中課文原文翻譯

《逍遙游》是《莊子》的首篇，在思想上和藝術上都可作為《莊子》一書的代表。《逍遙游》的主題是追求一種絕對自由的人生觀，作者認為，只有忘卻物我的界限，達到無己、無功、無名的境界，無所依憑而游于無窮，才是真正的“逍遙游”。以下是小編整理的逍遙游高中課文原文翻譯，歡迎閱讀！

《逍遙游》原文全文：

北冥有魚，其名為鯤。鯤之大，不知其幾千里也。化而為鳥，其名為鵬。鵬之背，不知其幾千里也，怒而飛，其翼若垂天之云。是鳥也，海運則將徙于南冥。南冥者，天池也。《齊諧》者，志怪者也。《諧》之言曰：“鵬之徙于南冥也，水擊三千里，摶扶搖而上者九萬里，去以六月息者也。”野馬也，塵埃也，生物之以息相吹也。天之蒼蒼，其正色邪？其遠而無所至極邪？其視下也，亦若是則已矣。且夫水之積也不厚，則其負大舟也無力。覆杯水于坳堂之上，則芥為之舟；置杯焉則膠，水淺而舟大也。風之積也不厚，則其負大翼也無力。故九萬里，則風斯在下矣，面后乃今培風；背負青天而莫之夭閼者，而后乃今將圖南。

蜩與學鳩笑之曰：“我決起而飛，搶榆枋而止，時則不至，而控于地而已矣，奚以之九萬里而南為？”適莽蒼者，三餐而反，腹猶果然；適百里者宿舂糧，適千里者，三月聚糧。之二蟲又何知？

小知不及大知，小年不及大年。奚以知其然也？朝菌不知晦朔，蟪蛄不知春秋，此小年也。楚之南有冥靈者，以五百歲為春，五百歲為秋。上占有大椿者，以八千歲為春，八千歲為秋。而彭祖乃今以久特聞，眾人匹之。不亦悲平！

湯之問棘也是已：“窮發之北有冥海者，天池也。有魚焉，其廣數千里，未有知其修者，其名為鯤。有鳥焉，其名為鵬。背若泰山，翼若垂天之云。摶扶搖羊角而上者九萬里，絕云氣，負青天，然后圖南，且適南冥也，斥鵝笑之曰：‘彼且奚適也？我騰躍而上，不過數仞而下，翱翔蓬蒿之間，此亦飛之至也。面彼且奚適也？’”此小大之辯也。

故夫知效一官，行比一鄉，德合一君而征一國者，其自視也，亦若此矣。而宋榮子猶然笑之。且舉世而譽之而不加勸，舉世而非之而不加沮，定乎內外之分，辯乎榮辱之境，斯已矣。彼其于世，未數數然也。雖然，猶有未樹也。夫列子御風而行，泠然善也。旬有五日而后反。彼于致福者，未數數然也。此雖免乎行，猶有所待者也。若夫乘天地之正，而御六氣之辯，以游無窮者，彼且惡乎待哉？故曰：至人無己，神人無功，圣人無名。

《逍遙游》原文全文譯文：

北海有條魚，它的名字叫做鯤。鯤很大，不知道它有幾千里。變化成為鳥，它的名字叫做鵬。鵬的背脊，不知道有幾千里，振翅飛翔起來，它的翅膀像天邊垂下的云彩。這只鳥，海動時就將遷移到南海，南海是天然的大水池。《齊諧》這部書，是記載怪異事物的。《齊諧》的記載說：“大鵬遷移到南海去的時候，翅膀在水面上拍擊，激起三千里的浪花，乘著旋風飛上九萬里的高空，憑借著六月的大風離開。山野中的霧氣，空氣中的塵埃，都是生物用氣息互相吹拂的結果。天空顏色深藍，這是它真正的顏色呢？還是因為它太遠而沒有盡頭以致看不清楚呢？大鵬從高空往下看，也不過像這樣罷了。再說水聚積得不深，那么它負載大船就會浮力不足。在堂上低洼處倒一杯水，那么只有小草可以作為它的船；在那里放只杯子就會著地，這是水太淺但是船太大的緣故。風聚積得不大，那么它負載巨大的翅膀就會力量不足。所以大鵬飛到九萬里的高空，風就在下面了，然后才開始乘風飛翔；背馱著青天，沒有什么東西阻攔它，然后才能計劃著向南飛。

蟬和學鳩笑話它說：“我一下子起來就飛，碰上樹木就停下來，有時候飛不到，也就是落在地上罷了，哪里用得著飛上九萬里的高空再向南飛那樣遠呢？”到郊外去旅行的人，一天的時間就返回來，肚子還是飽飽的；到百里外去旅行的人，出發前一天晚上就要搗米儲食；到千里外去旅行的人，出發前三個月就要儲備干糧。這兩只飛蟲又懂得什么呢？

智慧少的比不上智慧多的，壽命短的比不上壽命長的。根據什么知道這些是如此的呢？朝菌不知道一月的時間變化，蟪蛄不知道一年的時間變化，這是壽命短的。楚國南部生長一種叫冥靈的樹，把五百年當做春天，五百年當做秋天，古代有一種叫大椿的樹把八千年當做春天，吧八千年當做秋天。現在彭祖獨以長壽著名，一般人和他相比，不也很可悲嗎！

商湯問他的大夫棘，是這樣。北極地帶的北部有個海，是個天然的大水池。有魚生長在那里，魚身的寬度達到幾千里，沒有人能知道它的長度，它的名字叫做鯤。有鳥生長在那里，它的名字叫做鵬，背像泰山，翅膀像天邊垂下的云彩。乘著旋風飛上九萬里的高空，穿過云層，背馱著青天，然后計劃著向南飛，將要飛往南海。斥鷃笑話它說：‘它將要飛到哪里去呢？我向上跳躍，不超過幾丈就落下來，在飛蓬和青蒿之間飛翔，這也是飛翔的最高限度，可是它將要飛到哪里去呢？”這就是小和大的分別。

所以那些才智足以勝任一官之職，品行可以聯合一鄉之人，道德可使一位君主滿意，能力使一國的人信任，他們看待自己，也像這樣罷了。宋榮子笑話這樣的人，再說宋榮子只是做到了所有當代的人稱譽他也不會更受到鼓勵，所有當代的人責難他也不會更感到沮喪，能確定物我的分別，明辨榮辱的界限，如此而已。他對于世俗的名譽，沒有拼命追求。雖然如此，還有沒樹立的東西。列子駕著風游行，輕妙極了。十五天后才回到地上來。他對于求福的事情，沒有拼命追求。這樣做雖然免掉了步行，但還是有所憑借。至于乘著天地的正氣，駕馭陰、陽、風、雨、晦、田的變化，來漫游于無窮無盡的空間和時間之中，那種人還依靠什么呀！所以說：道行達到最高峰的人就沒有“我”，修養達到神化不測境界的人不求功利，圣明的人不求成名。

第五篇：人教版高中英語課文原文和翻譯

必修1 第一單元 Reading 閱讀

ANNE’S BEST FRIEND

Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend.安妮最好的朋友

你想不想有一位無話不談能推心置腹的朋友？或者你會不會擔心你的朋友會嘲笑你，會不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮?弗蘭克想要的是第一種類型的朋友，所以她把的日記視為自己最好的朋友。

Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II.Her family was Jewish so the had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis.She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered.During that time the only true friend was her diary.She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.在第二次世界大戰期間，安妮住在荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是猶太人，所以他們不得不躲藏起來，否則就會被德國的納粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了25個月之后才被發現。在那段時期，她的日記成了她唯一忠實的朋友。她說：“我不愿像大多數人那樣在日記中記流水賬。我要把我的日記當作自己的朋友，我把我的這個朋友叫做基蒂。”現在，來看看安妮自1942年7月起躲進藏身處后的那種心情吧。

Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.That’s changed since I was here.?For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open.I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power;it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…

?Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.Yours, Anne 1944年6月15日，星期四

親愛的基蒂：

我不知道這是不是因為我太久無法出門的緣故，我變得對一切與大自然有關的事物都無比狂

熱。我記得非常清楚，以前，湛藍的天空、鳥兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花，從未令我心迷神往過。自從我來到這里之后，這一切都變了。

??比如說，有一天晚上天氣很暖和，我故意熬到晚上11點半都不睡覺，為的就是能獨自好好地看看月亮。但是因為月光太亮了，我都不敢打開窗戶。還有一次，就在五個月以前的一個晚上，我碰巧在樓上，窗戶是開著的，我一直呆到非關窗不可的時候才下樓去。漆黑的雨夜，刮著大風，電閃雷鳴，烏云滾滾，我完全被這種景象鎮住了。這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹的夜晚??

??不幸的是??我只能透過那滿是灰塵的窗簾下那臟兮兮的窗戶看看大自然。只能隔著窗戶看那大自然實在沒意思，因為大自然是需要真正體驗的東西。你的安妮

Using Language 語言運用

Reading and listening

讀與聽

Read the letter that Lisa wrote to Miss Wang of Radio for Teenagers and predict what Miss Wang will say.After listening, check and discuss her advice.Dear Miss Wang, I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.I’m getting along well with a boy in my class.We often do homework together and we enjoy helping each other.We have become really good friends.But other students have started gossiping.They say that this boy and I have fallen in love.This has made me angry.I don’t want to end the friendship, but I hate others gossiping.What should I do? Yours, Lisa 1 讀讀琳達為青少年寫給電臺王小組的這封信，然后王小姐可能會怎么說。聽完錄音之后，核對并討論她的建議。親愛的王小姐：

現在我同班上的同學有些麻煩事。我跟我們班里的一位男同學一直相處的很好。我們常常一起做家庭作業，而且很樂意互相幫助。我們成了真正好朋友。可是，其他同學卻在背后議論起來，他們說我和這位男同學在談戀愛，這使我很生氣。我不想中斷這段友誼，但是，我又討厭人家背后說閑話。我該怎么辦呢？ 你的莉薩

Reading and writing

讀與寫

Miss Wang has received a letter from Xiaodong.He is also asking for some advice.Read the letter on the right carefully and help Miss Wang answer it.王小姐收到小冬的一封來信。小冬是要征求一些意見。仔細閱讀右邊的信，然后幫王小姐回復。

Dear Miss Wang, I’m a student from Huzhou Senior High School.I have a problem.I’m not very good at communicating with people.Although I try to talk to my classmates, I still find it hard to make good friends with them.So I feel quite lonely sometimes.I do want to change this situation, but I

don’t know how.I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.Yours, Xiaodong 親愛的王小姐：

我是湖州高中的一名學生，我有一個難題，我不大善于與人們交際。雖然我試著和班上的同學交談，但是，我還是很難跟他們成為好朋友。因此，有時候我感到十分的孤獨。我確實想改變這種現狀，但是我卻不知道怎么辦。如果您能給我提些建議，我會非常感謝的。你的小東 Decide which are the best ideas and put them into an order.Then write down your advice and explain how it will help.Each idea can make one paragraph.The following sample and the expressions may help you Dear Xiaodong, I’m sorry you are having trouble in making friends.However, the situation is easy to change if you follow my advice.Here are some tips to help you.First, why not…? If you do this,…

Secondly, you could / can … Then / That way, …

Thirdly, it would be a good idea if … By doing this, …

I hope you will find these ideas useful.Yours Miss Wang 2 決定哪些是最好并把它們按順序組織起來。然后把你的建議寫出來，并解釋它為什么會有所幫助。每個想法可以自成一個段落。下面的例子和表達可能對你有所幫助。親愛的小冬：

很遺憾聽說你在交朋友的過程中遇到了困難。但是，如果你聽聽我的建議，這種情況是很容易改變的。這些建議會對你有所幫助。第一，為什么不??呢？ 如果你這樣做??

第二，你可以?? 這樣的話??

第三，如果??那將是個不錯的主意。通過做??

我希望你會發現這些想法對你有所幫助。你的王小姐

LEARNING TIP 學習建議

It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary.It can help you remember past events.You can express your feelings and thoughts in it.It will help you improve your English if you write your diary in English.Why not have a try?

寫日記對你來說是一個好習慣。它可以幫你記住一些過去發生的事件。你還可以在日記中表達你的情感和思想。如果你用英語寫日記的話，還可以幫助你提高英語水平。為什么不試一試呢？

第二單元

Reading 閱讀

THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.Nearly all of them lived in England.Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.Today, more people speak English as their first, second or foreign language than ever before.通向現代英語之路

在16世紀末，大約有五至七百萬人講英語。幾乎所有這些講英語的人都住在英格蘭。在其后的一個世紀中，英格蘭人為征服世界航海到了世界其他一些地方，結果世界的其他地方的人們也開始說英語了。今天，把英語作為自己的第一語言、第二語言或外語來使用的人比以往任何時候都多。

Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.Look at this example: British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes, I’d like to come up to your apartment.以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講不是同一種英語，他們也能彼此聽懂。請看看這個例子： 英國人貝蒂：來看看我的公寓嗎？

美國人艾米：好的，我來看看你的公寓吧。

So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoken first Danish and later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too.English began to be spoken in both countries.那么，隨著時間的推移英語為什么發生了變化呢？實際上，當不同文化相互交流滲透時，所有的語言都會有所發展和變化。開始，英格蘭人在大約公元450年到1150年之間所說的英語與我們今天所說的英語很不一樣。當時的英語更多的是以德語為基礎的，不像我們現在說的英語。后來，大約在公元800年至1150年之間，英語慢慢變得不那么像德語，因為統治英格蘭的那些人開始是說丹麥語，后來說法語。這些新來的定居者豐富了英語語言，尤其是豐富了英語詞匯。所以到17世紀初的時候，莎士比亞能夠得以使用比以往任何時候都豐富的詞匯。1620年一些英國定居者來到了美洲，后來到了18世紀的時候，一些英國人還被帶到了澳大利亞。英語也就開始在這兩個國家使用。

Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.最后到19世紀的時候，英語這種語言就變得穩定了。當時，英語的拼寫發生了兩個很大的變化：先是塞繆爾?約翰遜編寫了他的英語詞典，后是諾亞?韋伯斯特出版了《美國英語詞典》。后者使得美式英語的拼寫有了其獨特的個性。

English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.During that time English became the language for government and education.English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners.Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.現在英語在南亞地區也被作為外語或第二語言使用。比如，印度就有很多人說英語說得很流利，因為在1765年到1947年之間英國統治著印度。在此期間，英語成了印度政府和教育所用的語言。在新加坡和馬來西亞以及像非洲的南非，人們現在也說英語。當今，在中國學英語的人數正在快速增加，事實上，中國可能是學英語人數最多的國家。中國式英語是否也能發展成一種具有自己獨特個性的語言？這還有待時間去證明。

Using Language 語言運用

STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTS What is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English.This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.When people use words and expressions different form “standard language”, it is called a dialect.American English has many dialects, especially the midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects.Even in some parts of the USA, two people from neighbouring towns speak a little differently.American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.Geography also plays a part in making dialects.Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect.When Americans moved form one place to another, they took their dialects with them.So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.什么是標準英語？是在英國、美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、印度、新西蘭所說的英語嗎？信不信由你，（世界上）沒有什么標準英語。許多人認為，電視和收音機里所說的英語就是標準英語，這是因為在早期的電臺節目里，人們期望新聞播音員所說的英語是最好的英語。然而，在電視和收音機里，你也會聽出人們在說話時的差異。

當人們使用不同于“標準語言”的詞語和表達時，那就叫做方言。美國英語有許多方言，特別是中西部地區和南部地區的方言，以及美國黑人和西班牙人的方言。即使在美國有些地區，兩個相鄰城鎮的人所說的方言也可能稍有不同。美國英語之所以有這么多的方言是因為美國人是來自世界各地的緣故。

地理位置對方言的形成也有所影響。住在美國東部山區的一些人說著比較古老的英語方言。當美國人從一個地方搬到另一個地方時，他們也就把他們的方言隨著帶去了。因此，美國東南部山區的人同美國西北部的人所說的方言就幾乎相同。美國是一個大國，有著許許多多彼此不同的方言。雖然許多美國人經常搬家，但是他們仍然能夠辨別和理解彼此的方言。

Reading and speaking 讀與說

Amy and her American friends are visiting London.They plan to visit Amy’s aunt and decide to go there by underground, but cannot find the nearest underground station.So she asks directions and then tells her friends.Read the dialogue and circle the words that mean the same.1 艾米和她的美國朋友正在參觀倫敦。她們計劃去拜訪艾米的姑媽，并決定乘地鐵去，但是她們找不到最近的地鐵站。所以她問問了路，然后告訴她的朋友。讀對話，然后圈出意思相同的詞。

AMY: Excuse me, Ma’ma.Could you tell me where the nearest subways is?

LADY: Er...the underground? Well, go round the corner on your left-hand side, straight on and cross two streets.It’ll be on your right-hand side.AMY: Thanks so much.FRIENDS: What did she say, Amy? AMY: She told us to go around the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks.The subway will be on our right.艾米：對不起，夫人，你能告訴我去最近的地鐵站怎么走嗎？

夫人：呃??地鐵？哦，往左邊拐過去，一直往前走，走過兩條街，地鐵就是右邊。艾米：多謝了。

朋友：艾米，她說什么？

艾米：她叫我們往左邊拐過去，一直往前走，走過兩條街，地鐵就是右邊。【意思相同的詞】

subway←→underground（地鐵）right-hand side←→right（右邊）street←→block 街道，街區

第三單元

Travel journal JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG PART 1 THE DREAM AND THE PLAN

My name is Wang Kun.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed

about taking a great bike trip.Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming.They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too.After graduating from college.we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.I asked my sister, “Where are we going?” It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.She can be really stubborn.Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.Now, I know that the proper way is always her way.I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when are we coming back?” I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet.Of course, she hadn't;my sister doesn't care about details.So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change her mind.When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres, she seemed to be excited about it.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.I know my sister well.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.Finally, I had to give in.Several months before our trip,Wang Wei and I went to the library.We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain.At first the river is small and the water is clear and cold.Then it begins to move quickly.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan Province.Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys.We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China.After it leaves China and the high altitude,the Mekong becomes wide，brown and warm.As it enters Southeast Asia, its pace slows.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.At last, the river delta enters the South China Sea.沿湄公河而下的旅行

第一部分 夢想與計劃

我的名字叫王坤。從高中起，我姐姐和我就一直夢想作一次偉大的自行車旅行。兩年前，她買了一輛價錢昂貴的山地自行車，然后她還說服我也買了一輛。去年她去看望了我們的表兄弟—在昆明讀大學的刀偉和宇航。他們是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近瀾滄江的地方長大，湄公河在中國境內的這一段叫瀾滄江，流經其他國家后就叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也對騎車旅行產生了興趣。到大學畢業后，我們終于有了作一次騎車旅行的機會。我問姐姐：“我們要去哪里？”首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點騎車旅行的是我的姐姐。現在，她正為這次旅行制訂計劃。

我很喜歡我姐姐，但是她有一個嚴重的缺點，她有時確實很固執。盡管她對到某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅持要把這次旅行安排的盡善盡美。現在我知道了這個盡善盡美的方式總是她的方式。我老是問她：“我們什么時候動身？什么時候回來？”我問她是否已經看過地圖。當然她并沒有看過，我的姐姐是不會考慮細節的。于是我告訴她湄公河的源頭

在青海省。她給了我一個堅定的眼神—這種眼神表明她是不會改變主意的。當我告訴她我們的旅行將從5000多米的的高地出發時，她似乎顯得很興奮。當我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼吸會很困難，而且天氣會很冷時，她卻說這將是一次很有趣的經歷。我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了決心，就什么也不能使她改變。最后，我只好讓步了。

在我們旅行前的幾個月，王薇和我去了圖書館。我們找到了一本大型的地圖冊，里面有一些世界地理的明細圖。我們從圖上可以看到，湄公河源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，河很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它開始快速流動。它穿過深谷時就變成了急流。流經云南西部。有時，這條河形成瀑布進入寬闊的峽谷。我們驚奇的發現這條河有一半是在中國境內。當流出中國，流出高地后，湄公河就變寬，變暖了。河水也變成了黃褐色。而當它進入東南亞以后，流速減慢，河水變寬慢慢地穿過低谷，到了長著稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中國南海。

Reading and discussing

JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG PART 2 A NIGHT IN THE MOUNTAINS

Although it was autumn, the snow was already beginning to fall in Tibet.Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles? That's what we looked like!Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.In the late afternoon we found it was so cold that our water bottles froze.However,the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual.She is very reliable and I knew I did't need to encourage her.To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us,we were surprised by the view.We seemed to be able to see for miles.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.Then we began going down the hills.It was great fun especially as it gradually became much warmer.In the valleys colourful butterflies flew around us and we saw many yaks and sheep eating green grass.At this point we had to change our caps,coats,gloves and trousers for T-shirts and shorts.In the early evening we always stop to make camp.We put up our tent and then we eat.After supper Wang Wei put her head down on her pillow and went to sleep but I stayed awake.At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter.It was so quiet.There was almost no wind-only the flames of our fire for company.As I lay beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon,where our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us.We can hardly wait to see them!

Unit 4 Earthquakes

Reading

A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP

Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and fell.Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.A smelly gas came out of the cracks.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervois to eat.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds.At about 3:00 am on july 28,1976,some people saw bright lights in the sky.The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky.In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.but the one million people of the city,who thiught little of these events,were asleep as usual that night.At 3:42 am everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world was at an end!Eleven kilometres directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun.It was felt in Beijing,which is more than two hundred kilometres away.One-third of the nation felt it.A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and canals.Steam burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dir.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.The suffering of the people was extreme.Two-thirds of them died or were left without parents.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.But how could the survivors believe it was natural?Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.All of the city's hospitals,75%of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.No wind,however,could blow them away.Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again.Half a million oigs and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were shocked.Then,later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.More buildings fell down.Water,food,and electricity were hard to get.people begab to wonder how long the disaster would last.All hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.To the north of the city,most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city bu train,truck and plane.Slowly,the city began to breathe again.Office of the City Government

Tangshan,Hebei

China

July5,2007

Dear____，Congratulations!We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.Your parents and your school should be very proud of you!

Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster.The park will also honour those who helped the survivors.Our office would like to have you speak to the park vistors on July 28 at 11:00 am.As you know,this is the day the quake happened thirty-____years ago.We invite you to bring your family and friends on that special day.Sincerely，Zhang Sha

Unit 5

ELIAS’ STORY

My name is Elias.I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.I was twelve years old.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems.He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.I needed his help because I had very little education.I began school at six.The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.I could not read or write well.After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.He told my how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg.I became more hopeful about my future.I never forgot how kind Mandela was.When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could.He said:

“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.”

It was the truth.Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.They could not get the jobs they wanted.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.No one could grow food there.In fact as Nelson Mandela said:

“?we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government.We chose to attack the laws.We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful;when this was not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.As a matter of fact, I do not like violence…but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.THE REST OF ELIAS' STORY

You cannot imagine how the name of Robben Island made us afraid.It was a prison from which no one escaped.There I spent the hardest time of my life.But when I got there Nelsom Mandela was also there and he helped me.Mr Mandela began a school for those of us who had little learning.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find to make candles to see the words.I became a good student.I wanted to study for my degree but I was not allowed to do that.Later, Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us.He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.They were not cleverer than me , but they did pass their exams.So I knwe I could get a degree too.That made me feel good about myself.When I finished the four years in prison, I went to find a job.Since I was better educated, I got a job working in an office.However, the police found out and told my boss that I had been in prinson for blowing up government buildings.So I lost my job.I did not work again for twenty years until M r Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.All that time my wife and children had to beg for good and help from relatives or friends.Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job taking tourists around my old prison on Robben Islannd.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.All the terror and fear of that time came back to me.I remembered the beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends who had died.I felt I would not be able to do it, but my family encouraged me.They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.So now at 51 I am proud to show visitors over the prison, for I helped to make our people free in their own land.