第一篇：拔苗助長(zhǎng)課文原文及翻譯
客觀表現(xiàn)出事物的發(fā)展自有它的規(guī)律，純靠良好的愿望和熱情是不夠的，很可能效果還會(huì)與主觀愿望相反這一道理。這一寓言還告知一具體道理：“欲速則不達(dá)”，”心急吃不了熱豆腐“，要尊重自然規(guī)律。小編為你整理了拔苗助長(zhǎng)課文原文及翻譯，希望對(duì)你有所參考幫助。
一、原文
宋人有閔其苗之不長(zhǎng)而揠之者，芒芒然歸，謂其人曰：“今日病矣！予同“余”助苗長(zhǎng)矣！”其子趨而往視之，苗則槁矣。
天下之不助苗長(zhǎng)者寡矣。以為無(wú)益而舍之者，不耘苗者也；助之長(zhǎng)者，揠苗者也，非徒無(wú)益，而又害之。
二、譯文
有個(gè)擔(dān)憂他的禾苗長(zhǎng)不高而把禾苗往上拔的春秋宋國(guó)人，一天下來(lái)十分疲勞地回到家，對(duì)他的家人說(shuō)：“今天累壞了，我?guī)椭堂玳L(zhǎng)高了！”他兒子小步奔去看那禾苗的情況，禾苗卻都枯萎了。天下不希望自己禾苗長(zhǎng)得快一些的人很少啊！以為禾苗長(zhǎng)大沒(méi)有用處而放棄的人，就像是不給禾苗鋤草的懶漢。妄自幫助它生長(zhǎng)的人，就像這個(gè)拔苗助長(zhǎng)的人，不但沒(méi)有好處，反而害了它。
三、注釋
1、閔（mǐn）：同“憫”，擔(dān)心，憂慮。
2、長(zhǎng)（zhǎng）：生長(zhǎng)，成長(zhǎng)。
3、揠（yà）：拔。
4、茫茫然：疲憊不堪的樣子。
5、謂：對(duì),告訴。
6、其人：他家里的人。
7、病：疲勞，困苦，精疲力盡，文中是引申義
8、予（余）：我，第一人稱(chēng)代詞。
9、趨：快步走。
10、往：去，到、、去。
11、槁（gǎo）：草木干枯，枯萎。
12、之：放在主謂之間，取消句子獨(dú)立性，無(wú)實(shí)義，不譯。
13、寡：少。
14、耘苗：給苗鋤草。
15、非徒：非但。徒，只是。
16、益：好處。
17、孟子：戰(zhàn)國(guó)思想家、政治家、教育家。有“亞圣”之稱(chēng)。
第二篇：觀潮課文原文及翻譯
文言文《觀潮》描寫(xiě)了錢(qián)塘江潮水怎樣的壯闊景象呢？以下是小編整理的觀潮課文原文及翻譯，歡迎參考閱讀！
【原文】
浙江之潮，天下之偉觀也。自既望以至十八日為盛。方其遠(yuǎn)出海門(mén)，僅如銀線；既而漸近，則玉城雪嶺際天而來(lái)，大聲如雷霆，震撼激射，吞天沃日，勢(shì)極雄豪。楊誠(chéng)齋詩(shī)云“海涌銀為郭，江橫玉系腰”者是也。
每歲京尹出浙江亭教閱水軍，艨艟數(shù)百，分列兩岸；既而盡奔騰分合五陣之勢(shì)，并有乘騎弄旗標(biāo)槍舞刀于水面者，如履平地。倏爾黃煙四起，人物略不相睹，水爆轟震，聲如崩山。煙消波靜，則一舸無(wú)跡，僅有“敵船”為火所焚，隨波而逝。
吳兒善泅者數(shù)百，皆披發(fā)文身，手持十幅大彩旗，爭(zhēng)先鼓勇，溯迎而上，出沒(méi)于鯨波萬(wàn)仞中，騰身百變，而旗尾略不沾濕，以此夸能
江干上下十余里間，珠翠羅綺溢目，車(chē)馬塞途，飲食百物皆倍穹常時(shí)，而僦賃看幕，雖席地不容間也。
【翻譯】
錢(qián)塘江潮，是天下雄偉的景象啊。從農(nóng)歷（八月）十六日到十八日為最盛。當(dāng)潮水從浙江入海口涌起的時(shí)候，（遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)看去），幾乎像一條銀白色的線；隨著潮水越來(lái)越近，就像玉城雪嶺一般連天涌來(lái)，聲音大得像雷霆萬(wàn)鈞，震撼天地，激揚(yáng)噴薄，吞沒(méi)宇宙，滌蕩太陽(yáng)，來(lái)勢(shì)極其雄偉豪壯。楊萬(wàn)里的詩(shī)中說(shuō)的“海涌銀為郭，江橫玉系腰”描寫(xiě)的就是這樣的景象啊。
每年（陰歷八月），京都臨安府長(zhǎng)官來(lái)到浙江亭校閱水軍，數(shù)百條戰(zhàn)船分列兩岸；然后演習(xí)五陣的陣勢(shì)，忽而疾駛，忽而騰起，忽而分，忽而合，極盡種種變化，同時(shí)有在水面上騎馬、舞旗、舉槍、揮刀的人，好像踩在平地上一樣。忽然黃煙四起，人和物一點(diǎn)兒也看不見(jiàn)了，（只聽(tīng)得）傳來(lái)水爆的轟鳴聲，聲音如同山塌了一樣。（待到）煙霧消散，水面又恢復(fù)了平靜，看不到一條船的蹤跡，只剩下被火燒毀的“敵船”，隨著波浪流走了。
幾百個(gè)善于泅水的吳中健兒，披散著頭發(fā)，渾身刺著花繡，手里拿著十幅大彩旗，爭(zhēng)相奮力逆流迎潮而上，（他們的身影）在萬(wàn)仞高的驚濤駭浪中浮沉，翻騰著身子變換著各種姿態(tài)，而旗尾卻一點(diǎn)也不被水沾濕，憑借這種（表演）來(lái)顯示他們（高超）的技能。
江岸上下十多里的地方里，滿眼都是華麗的服飾，路上堵滿了車(chē)馬，食物和別的各種東西都比平常貴上一倍，而租賃看棚的人非常多，即使是一席之地的空地也不容有。
賞析
本篇選自《武林舊事》卷三。《武林舊事》一書(shū)系周密于宋亡之后所寫(xiě)，內(nèi)容主要追記南宋歲時(shí)風(fēng)俗、市井瑣細(xì)，兼及游觀之盛、娛樂(lè)之資，相當(dāng)詳備細(xì)致；而滲透于其中的，又是一種“惻惻興亡”的盛衰感慨。
本篇主要描繪“錢(qián)塘觀潮”的盛況。對(duì)此，另外幾部杭州的風(fēng)俗志(《都域紀(jì)勝》《西湖老人繁勝錄》和《夢(mèng)粱錄》)都先已有過(guò)記述，不過(guò)都遠(yuǎn)不如此文生動(dòng)形象。全文可分四層：
第一層寫(xiě)潮來(lái)之狀。它用動(dòng)態(tài)的“鏡頭攝像法”描寫(xiě)了初來(lái)之狀(“僅如銀線”)、既來(lái)之狀(“既而漸近，則玉城雪嶺”)，又配之以“音響效果”(“大聲如雷霆”)，收到了文字盡管簡(jiǎn)約而令人視聽(tīng)不暇應(yīng)接的藝術(shù)功效。
第二層寫(xiě)教閱水軍的場(chǎng)面。其中的“場(chǎng)景”又多次轉(zhuǎn)換：先是“艨艟數(shù)百，分列兩岸”和乘騎弄旗、舞刀弄槍于水面的雄偉場(chǎng)面；接著寫(xiě)兩軍(假設(shè)的軍事演習(xí))交戰(zhàn)、硝煙彌漫的場(chǎng)面，最后寫(xiě)煙消波靜、“敵船”匿跡的場(chǎng)面。使人如同親眼目睹這一番水戰(zhàn)那樣，感到十分真切。
第三層寫(xiě)“弄潮兒”的競(jìng)技，他們披發(fā)文身，手持大旗，爭(zhēng)相逆潮而上；雖于鯨波萬(wàn)頃之中，卻能不濕旗尾！讀后使人為之咋舌鼓掌。
第四層寫(xiě)杭州市民和皇室的觀潮情景，其中突出描寫(xiě)了杭州城的豪奢：請(qǐng)看，江岸十余里間，觸處珠翠羅綺；而皇帝在“天開(kāi)圖畫(huà)臺(tái)”上觀潮，遠(yuǎn)望去簡(jiǎn)直就像是在神仙臺(tái)上那般。讀到這里，雖然文字嘎然而止，但周密在提筆追憶往事時(shí)的那種“時(shí)移物換，憂患飄零，追想昔游，殆如夢(mèng)寐”的興亡盛衰之感，卻又“言在紙外”地悄然升起矣。
總觀全篇，盡管篇幅不長(zhǎng)，而場(chǎng)面熱鬧、內(nèi)容豐富，這大大得力于周密善于剪裁、善于描繪的文字功力。首先，它剪裁得當(dāng)，敘寫(xiě)井然，給人以場(chǎng)面多變而層次井然的印象，其次，它語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練，卻又描繪細(xì)致，又給人以“尺幅之中層千里之勢(shì)”的藝術(shù)享受。應(yīng)該感謝周密，他給我們留下了這幅13世紀(jì)南宋優(yōu)美的杭城風(fēng)俗圖畫(huà)。
周密
周密（1232-1298），字公謹(jǐn)，號(hào)草窗，又號(hào)四水潛夫、弁陽(yáng)老人、華不注山人，南宋詞人、文學(xué)家。祖籍濟(jì)南，流寓吳興（今浙江湖州）。宋德右間為義烏縣（今年內(nèi)屬浙江）令。入元隱居不仕。自號(hào)四水潛夫。他的詩(shī)文都有成就，又能詩(shī)畫(huà)音律，尤好藏棄校書(shū)，一生著述較豐。著有《齊東野語(yǔ)》、《武林舊事》、《癸辛雜識(shí)》、《志雅堂要雜鈔》等雜著數(shù)十種。其詞遠(yuǎn)祖清真，近法姜夔，風(fēng)格清雅秀潤(rùn)，與吳文英并稱(chēng)“二窗”，詞集名《頻洲漁笛譜》、《草窗詞》。
第三篇：美猴王課文原文翻譯
美猴王課文是明代吳承恩的作品《西游記》中的一段。下面請(qǐng)看小編帶來(lái)的美猴王課文原文！
美猴王課文原文
東勝神洲，海外有一國(guó)土，名曰傲來(lái)國(guó)。國(guó)近大海，海中有一座名山，喚為花果山。那座山正當(dāng)頂上，有一塊仙石，內(nèi)育仙胞，一日迸裂，產(chǎn)一石卵，似圓球樣大。因見(jiàn)風(fēng)，化作一個(gè)石猴。五官俱備，四肢皆全。那猴在山中，卻會(huì)行走跳躍，食草木，飲澗泉，采山花，覓樹(shù)果；與狼蟲(chóng)為伴，虎豹為群，獐鹿為友，獼猿為親；夜宿石崖之下，朝游峰洞之中。真是“山中無(wú)甲子，寒盡不知年”。
一朝天氣炎熱，與群猴避暑，都在松陰之下頑耍。一群猴子耍了一會(huì)，卻去那山澗中洗澡。見(jiàn)那股澗水奔流，真?zhèn)€似滾瓜涌濺。古云：“禽有禽言，獸有獸語(yǔ)。”眾猴都道：“這股水不知是哪里的水。我們今日趕閑無(wú)事，順澗邊往上溜頭尋看源流，耍子去耶！”喊一聲，都拖男挈女，喚弟呼兄，一齊跑來(lái)，順澗爬山，直至源流之處，仍是一股瀑布飛泉。
眾猴拍手稱(chēng)揚(yáng)道：“好水！好水！原來(lái)此處遠(yuǎn)通山腳之下，直接大海之波。”又道：“哪一個(gè)有本事的，鉆進(jìn)去尋個(gè)源頭出來(lái)，不傷身體者，我等即拜他為王。”連呼了三聲，忽見(jiàn)叢雜中跳出一個(gè)石猴，應(yīng)聲高叫道：“我進(jìn)去！我進(jìn)去！”
你看他瞑目蹲身，將身一縱，徑跳入瀑布泉中，忽睜睛抬頭觀看，那里邊卻無(wú)水無(wú)波，明明朗朗的一架橋梁。他住了身，定了神，仔細(xì)再看，原來(lái)是座鐵板橋。橋下之水，沖貫于石竅之間，倒掛流出去，遮閉了橋門(mén)。卻又欠身上橋頭，再走再看，卻似有人家住處一般，真?zhèn)€好所在。
看罷多時(shí)，跳過(guò)橋中間，左右觀看，只見(jiàn)正當(dāng)中有一石碣。碣上有一行楷書(shū)大字，鐫著“花果山福地，水簾洞洞天”。石猴喜不自勝，急抽身往外便走，得瞑目蹲身，跳出水外，打了兩個(gè)呵呵道：“大造化！大造化！”眾猴把他圍住，問(wèn)道：“里面怎么樣？水有多深？”石猴道：“沒(méi)水！沒(méi)水！原來(lái)是一座鐵板橋。橋那邊是一座天造地設(shè)的家當(dāng)。”眾猴道：“怎見(jiàn)得是個(gè)家當(dāng)？”石猴笑道：“這股水乃是橋下沖貫石竅，倒掛下來(lái)遮閉門(mén)戶的。橋邊有花有樹(shù)，乃是一座石房。房?jī)?nèi)有石鍋、石灶、石碗、石盆、石床、石凳。中間一塊石碣上，鐫著‘花果山福地，水簾洞洞天’。真?zhèn)€是我們安身之處。里面且是寬闊，容得千百口老小。我們都進(jìn)去住，也省得受老天之氣。”
眾猴聽(tīng)得，個(gè)個(gè)歡喜。都道：“你還先走，帶我們進(jìn)去，進(jìn)去！”石猴卻又瞑目蹲身，往里一跳，叫道：“都隨我進(jìn)來(lái)！進(jìn)來(lái)！”那些猴有膽大的，都跳進(jìn)去了；膽小的，一個(gè)個(gè)伸頭縮頸，抓耳撓腮，大聲叫喊，纏一會(huì)，也都進(jìn)去了。跳過(guò)橋頭，一個(gè)個(gè)搶盆奪碗，占灶爭(zhēng)床，搬過(guò)來(lái)，移過(guò)去，正是猴性頑劣，再無(wú)一個(gè)寧時(shí)，只搬得力倦神疲方止。石猴端坐上面道：“列位呵，‘人而無(wú)信，不知其可’。你們才說(shuō)有本事進(jìn)得來(lái)，出得去，不傷身體者，就拜他為王。我如今進(jìn)來(lái)又出去，出去又進(jìn)來(lái)，尋了這一個(gè)洞天與列位安眠穩(wěn)睡，各享成家之福，何不拜我為王？”眾猴聽(tīng)說(shuō)，即拱伏無(wú)違。一個(gè)個(gè)序齒排班，朝上禮拜，都稱(chēng)“千歲大王”。
自此，石猴高登王位，將“石”字兒隱了，遂稱(chēng)美猴王。美猴王領(lǐng)一群猿猴、獼猴、馬猴等，分派了君臣佐使，朝游花果山，暮宿水簾洞，合契同情，不入飛鳥(niǎo)之叢，不從走獸之類(lèi)，獨(dú)自為王，不勝歡樂(lè)。
【美猴王教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)】
【教學(xué)要求】
思想品德要求：了解我國(guó)古代長(zhǎng)篇神話小說(shuō)《西游記》，認(rèn)識(shí)作者塑造美猴王這一形象的意義，提高學(xué)生的文學(xué)欣賞水平。
知識(shí)要求：繼續(xù)鞏固小說(shuō)知識(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)分析小說(shuō)中的藝術(shù)形象。
學(xué)習(xí)本文語(yǔ)言通俗、生動(dòng)、簡(jiǎn)潔的特點(diǎn)。
能力要求：了解、鞏固小說(shuō)情節(jié)層次的劃分。
了解、鞏固小說(shuō)中藝術(shù)形象的表現(xiàn)手法。
【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】
重點(diǎn)：把握美猴王這一藝術(shù)形象
難點(diǎn)：了解作者塑造美猴王這一藝術(shù)形象的意義，從而正確把握本文中心。
【教學(xué)課時(shí)】?jī)烧n時(shí)
第 一 課 時(shí)
一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)
熟悉課文，理清故事情節(jié)，了解大概內(nèi)容
朗讀課文，提高朗讀能力
二、教學(xué)過(guò)程
（一）導(dǎo)入新課
看電視連續(xù)劇《西游記》與本課有關(guān)的一段劇情。
今天我們一起來(lái)欣賞《西游記》片斷。
《西游記》是我國(guó)古代著名的神話小說(shuō)，作者吳承恩，明代小說(shuō)家，他的《西游記》在中國(guó)文學(xué)史上產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。
什么是神話小說(shuō)？它源于以神為中心的古代傳說(shuō)。古人不能分清人和神的概念，認(rèn)為天地萬(wàn)物都是具有同人一樣的生命，往往借神話去說(shuō)明一切，把它作為一個(gè)民族的共同信仰。這些神話在民間流傳廣泛，經(jīng)過(guò)后人不斷加工而寫(xiě)成小說(shuō)，叫做神話小說(shuō)。
《西游記》共100回，主要寫(xiě)的是美猴王——孫悟空戰(zhàn)勝妖魔保護(hù)唐僧去西天取經(jīng)的故事。全書(shū)可分為三個(gè)部分。課文節(jié)選的是全書(shū)的開(kāi)端，寫(xiě)美猴王的來(lái)歷，以后的故事都是從這里生發(fā)出來(lái)的。
下面我們就來(lái)欣賞這篇課文。
（二）閱讀要求
1．默讀課文，利用工具書(shū)給課文的生字詞注音釋義，掃除文字障礙。
2．給課文劃分段落層次，理清故事情節(jié)，了解課文內(nèi)容。
（三）字、詞的落實(shí)
（四）賞析課文
學(xué)生討論，整理課文層次，理清故事情節(jié)
第一部分：（第一自然段）（故事開(kāi)端）：寫(xiě)石猴出世
討論要點(diǎn)：石猴不比其它猴子，是破仙石而出，所以雖不是母體所生，卻肢體俱全。起筆就顯出它的神奇出眾，為后文寫(xiě)孫悟空的神通廣大，降服妖魔埋下了伏筆。
第二部分：（二、三自然段）（故事發(fā)展）寫(xiě)石猴的山間生活
討論要點(diǎn)：作者分別從行動(dòng)、飲食、交往行蹤四個(gè)方面，集中體現(xiàn)它活潑、機(jī)智、靈巧的特點(diǎn)。這樣既照應(yīng)了石猴的神異出眾，又為下文寫(xiě)發(fā)現(xiàn)水簾洞作鋪墊。
第三部分：（第四自然段）（故事高潮和結(jié)局）：寫(xiě)石猴發(fā)現(xiàn)水簾洞，帶領(lǐng)眾猴進(jìn)洞居住，并被擁戴為王。
（五）板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)
14．美猴王
吳承恩
情節(jié)發(fā)展順序：
故事開(kāi)端：石猴出世，神異出眾
故事發(fā)展：山間生活，自薦探泉
故事結(jié)局：發(fā)現(xiàn)洞天，攜眾搬家，被擁為王
（六）課堂作業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
第四篇：曹沖稱(chēng)象原文課文翻譯
曹沖稱(chēng)象這一故事出自三國(guó)志，今天小編為大家準(zhǔn)備了曹沖稱(chēng)象原文課文翻譯，歡迎閱讀!
曹沖稱(chēng)象原文課文翻譯
版本1：沖少聰察，生五六歲，智意所及，有若成人之智。時(shí)孫權(quán)嘗致大象，太祖欲知其斤重，訪之群下，咸莫能出其理。沖曰：“置象大船之上，而刻其水痕所至，稱(chēng)物以載之，則校可知矣。”太祖大悅，即施行焉。
版本2：曹沖生五六歲，智意所及，有若成人。時(shí)孫權(quán)嘗致巨象，太祖欲知其斤重，訪之群下，咸莫能出其理。沖曰：“置象于船上，而刻其水痕所至，稱(chēng)物以載之，則校可知矣。復(fù)稱(chēng)他物，則象重可知也”太祖悅，即施行焉。
版本一：曹沖年少聰明善于觀察，到五六歲的時(shí)候，知識(shí)和判斷能力意識(shí)所達(dá)到的程度，可以比得上成人。孫權(quán)送來(lái)過(guò)一頭巨象，曹操想要知道這象的重量，詢問(wèn)他的下屬，都沒(méi)法想出稱(chēng)象的辦法。曹沖說(shuō)：“把象安放到大船上，在水面所達(dá)到的地方做上記號(hào)，再讓船裝載其它東西，(稱(chēng)一下這些東西)，那么比較就能知道結(jié)果了。”曹操聽(tīng)了很高興，馬上照這個(gè)辦法做了。
版本二：曹沖五六歲時(shí)，知識(shí)和判斷能力意識(shí)所達(dá)到的程度，就可以比得上成人了。孫權(quán)送來(lái)一頭巨大的象，曹操想要知道這頭象的重量，向他的下屬詢問(wèn)這件事，可眾大臣都不能想出稱(chēng)象的辦法。曹沖說(shuō)：“把象安放到大船上，在水沒(méi)過(guò)船痕跡的地方刻上記號(hào)，稱(chēng)實(shí)物裝上船，那么比較之下就能知道結(jié)果了。”曹操聽(tīng)了很高興，立刻按照這個(gè)辦法實(shí)施行動(dòng)。
注釋
1.智：智慧
2.若：相比
3.欲：想要
4.意：意識(shí)
5.咸：都
6.致：送
5.及：達(dá)到
6.致：送到
7.太祖：曹操，即曹沖之父
8.訪：詢問(wèn)
9.群下：手下群臣
10.理：辦法;道理
11.校：通“較”，比較
12.物：物品
13.悅：高興，開(kāi)心
14.施行焉：按這辦法做了
15.嘗：曾經(jīng)。
16.咸：全，都
17.置：安放。
18.焉：于，對(duì)它
19.生：長(zhǎng)到
20.少 ：年少
第五篇：高中英語(yǔ)課文原文及部分翻譯1
必修1 第一單元
Reading 閱讀
ANNE’S BEST FRIEND
Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend.安妮最好的朋友
你想不想有一位無(wú)話不談能推心置腹的朋友？或者你會(huì)不會(huì)擔(dān)心你的朋友會(huì)嘲笑你，會(huì)不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮?弗蘭克想要的是第一種類(lèi)型的朋友，所以她把的日記視為自己最好的朋友。
Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II.Her family was Jewish so the had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis.She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered.During that time the only true friend was her diary.She said, ―I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.‖ Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，安妮住在荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是猶太人，所以他們不得不躲藏起來(lái)，否則就會(huì)被德國(guó)的納粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了25個(gè)月之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。在那段時(shí)期，她的日記成了她唯一忠實(shí)的朋友。她說(shuō)：“我不愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水賬。我要把我的日記當(dāng)作自己的朋友，我把我的這個(gè)朋友叫做基蒂。”現(xiàn)在，來(lái)看看安妮自1942年7月起躲進(jìn)藏身處后的那種心情吧。
Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.That’s changed since I was here.?For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open.I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power;it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…
?Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.Yours, Anne 1944年6月15日，星期四
親愛(ài)的基蒂：
我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲姨脽o(wú)法出門(mén)的緣故，我變得對(duì)一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無(wú)比狂熱。我記得非常清楚，以前，湛藍(lán)的天空、鳥(niǎo)兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花，從未令我心迷神往過(guò)。自從我來(lái)到這里之后，這一切都變了。
??比如說(shuō)，有一天晚上天氣很暖和，我故意熬到晚上11點(diǎn)半都不睡覺(jué)，為的就是能獨(dú)自好好地看看月亮。但是因?yàn)樵鹿馓亮耍叶疾桓掖蜷_(kāi)窗戶。還有一次，就在五個(gè)月以前的一個(gè)晚上，我碰巧在樓上，窗戶是開(kāi)著的，我一直呆到非關(guān)窗不可的時(shí)候才下樓去。漆黑的雨夜，刮著大風(fēng)，電閃雷鳴，烏云滾滾，我完全被這種景象鎮(zhèn)住了。這是我一年半以來(lái)第一次親眼目睹的夜晚??
??不幸的是??我只能透過(guò)那滿是灰塵的窗簾下那臟兮兮的窗戶看看大自然。只能隔著窗戶看那大自然實(shí)在沒(méi)意思，因?yàn)榇笞匀皇切枰嬲w驗(yàn)的東西。你的安妮
Using Language
語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用
Reading and listening
讀與聽(tīng)
Read the letter that Lisa wrote to Miss Wang of Radio for Teenagers and predict what Miss Wang will say.After listening, check and discuss her advice.Dear Miss Wang, I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.I’m getting along well with a boy in my class.We often do homework together and we enjoy helping each other.We have become really good friends.But other students have started gossiping.They say that this boy and I have fallen in love.This has made me angry.I don’t want to end the friendship, but I hate others gossiping.What should I do? Yours, Lisa 1 讀讀琳達(dá)為青少年寫(xiě)給電臺(tái)王小組的這封信，然后王小姐可能會(huì)怎么說(shuō)。聽(tīng)完錄音之后，核對(duì)并討論她的建議。親愛(ài)的王小姐：
現(xiàn)在我同班上的同學(xué)有些麻煩事。我跟我們班里的一位男同學(xué)一直相處的很好。我們常常一起做家庭作業(yè)，而且很樂(lè)意互相幫助。我們成了真正好朋友。可是，其他同學(xué)卻在背后議論起來(lái)，他們說(shuō)我和這位男同學(xué)在談戀愛(ài)，這使我很生氣。我不想中斷這段友誼，但是，我又討厭人家背后說(shuō)閑話。我該怎么辦呢？ 你的莉薩
Reading and writing
讀與寫(xiě)
Miss Wang has received a letter from Xiaodong.He is also asking for some advice.Read the letter on the right carefully and help Miss Wang answer it.王小姐收到小冬的一封來(lái)信。小冬是要征求一些意見(jiàn)。仔細(xì)閱讀右邊的信，然后幫王小姐回復(fù)。Dear Miss Wang, I’m a student from Huzhou Senior High School.I have a problem.I’m not very good at communicating with people.Although I try to talk to my classmates, I still find it hard to make good friends with them.So I feel quite lonely sometimes.I do want to change this situation, but I don’t know how.I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.Yours, Xiaodong 親愛(ài)的王小姐：
我是湖州高中的一名學(xué)生，我有一個(gè)難題，我不大善于與人們交際。雖然我試著和班上的同學(xué)交談，但是，我還是很難跟他們成為好朋友。因此，有時(shí)候我感到十分的孤獨(dú)。我確實(shí)想改變這種現(xiàn)狀，但是我卻不知道怎么辦。如果您能給我提些建議，我會(huì)非常感謝的。你的小東 Decide which are the best ideas and put them into an order.Then write down your advice and explain how it will help.Each idea can make one paragraph.The following sample and the expressions may help you Dear Xiaodong, I’m sorry you are having trouble in making friends.However, the situation is easy to change if you follow my advice.Here are some tips to help you.First, why not…? If you do this,…
Secondly, you could / can … Then / That way, …
Thirdly, it would be a good idea if … By doing this, …
I hope you will find these ideas useful.Yours Miss Wang 2 決定哪些是最好并把它們按順序組織起來(lái)。然后把你的建議寫(xiě)出來(lái)，并解釋它為什么會(huì)有所幫助。每個(gè)想法可以自成一個(gè)段落。下面的例子和表達(dá)可能對(duì)你有所幫助。親愛(ài)的小冬：
很遺憾聽(tīng)說(shuō)你在交朋友的過(guò)程中遇到了困難。但是，如果你聽(tīng)聽(tīng)我的建議，這種情況是很容易改變的。這些建議會(huì)對(duì)你有所幫助。第一，為什么不??呢？ 如果你這樣做??
第二，你可以?? 這樣的話??
第三，如果??那將是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的主意。通過(guò)做??
我希望你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這些想法對(duì)你有所幫助。你的王小姐
LEARNING TIP 學(xué)習(xí)建議
It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary.It can help you remember past events.You can express your feelings and thoughts in it.It will help you improve your English if you write your diary in English.Why not have a try?
寫(xiě)日記對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。它可以幫你記住一些過(guò)去發(fā)生的事件。你還可以在日記中表達(dá)你的情感和思想。如果你用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)日記的話，還可以幫助你提高英語(yǔ)水平。為什么不試一試呢？
第二單元
Reading 閱讀
THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.Nearly all of them lived in England.Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.Today, more people speak English as their first, second or foreign language than ever before.通向現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)之路
在16世紀(jì)末，大約有五至七百萬(wàn)人講英語(yǔ)。幾乎所有這些講英語(yǔ)的人都住在英格蘭。在其后的一個(gè)世紀(jì)中，英格蘭人為征服世界航海到了世界其他一些地方，結(jié)果世界的其他地方的人們也開(kāi)始說(shuō)英語(yǔ)了。今天，把英語(yǔ)作為自己的第一語(yǔ)言、第二語(yǔ)言或外語(yǔ)來(lái)使用的人比以往任何時(shí)候都多。
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.Look at this example: British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes, I’d like to come up to your apartment.以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人，即使他們所講不是同一種英語(yǔ)，他們也能彼此聽(tīng)懂。請(qǐng)看看這個(gè)例子：
英國(guó)人貝蒂：來(lái)看看我的公寓嗎？
美國(guó)人艾米：好的，我來(lái)看看你的公寓吧。
So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoken first Danish and later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too.English began to be spoken in both countries.那么，隨著時(shí)間的推移英語(yǔ)為什么發(fā)生了變化呢？實(shí)際上，當(dāng)不同文化相互交流滲透時(shí)，所有的語(yǔ)言都會(huì)有所發(fā)展和變化。開(kāi)始，英格蘭人在大約公元450年到1150年之間所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)與我們今天所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)很不一樣。當(dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)更多的是以德語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)的，不像我們現(xiàn)在說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)。后來(lái)，大約在公元800年至1150年之間，英語(yǔ)慢慢變得不那么像德語(yǔ)，因?yàn)榻y(tǒng)治英格蘭的那些人開(kāi)始是說(shuō)丹麥語(yǔ)，后來(lái)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)。這些新來(lái)的定居者豐富了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言，尤其是豐富了英語(yǔ)詞匯。所以到17世紀(jì)初的時(shí)候，莎士比亞能夠得以使用比以往任何時(shí)候都豐富的詞匯。1620年一些英國(guó)定居者來(lái)到了美洲，后來(lái)到了18世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，一些英國(guó)人還被帶到了澳大利亞。英語(yǔ)也就開(kāi)始在這兩個(gè)國(guó)家使用。
Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.最后到19世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，英語(yǔ)這種語(yǔ)言就變得穩(wěn)定了。當(dāng)時(shí)，英語(yǔ)的拼寫(xiě)發(fā)生了兩個(gè)很大的變化：先是塞繆爾·約翰遜編寫(xiě)了他的英語(yǔ)詞典，后是諾亞·韋伯斯特出版了《美國(guó)英語(yǔ)詞典》。后者使得美式英語(yǔ)的拼寫(xiě)有了其獨(dú)特的個(gè)性。English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.During that time English became the language for government and education.English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners.Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)在南亞地區(qū)也被作為外語(yǔ)或第二語(yǔ)言使用。比如，印度就有很多人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很流利，因?yàn)樵?765年到1947年之間英國(guó)統(tǒng)治著印度。在此期間，英語(yǔ)成了印度政府和教育所用的語(yǔ)言。在新加坡和馬來(lái)西亞以及像非洲的南非，人們現(xiàn)在也說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。當(dāng)今，在中國(guó)學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人數(shù)正在快速增加，事實(shí)上，中國(guó)可能是學(xué)英語(yǔ)人數(shù)最多的國(guó)家。中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)是否也能發(fā)展成一種具有自己獨(dú)特個(gè)性的語(yǔ)言？這還有待時(shí)間去證明。
Using Language 語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用
STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTS What is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English.This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.When people use words and expressions different form ―standard language‖, it is called a dialect.American English has many dialects, especially the midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects.Even in some parts of the USA, two people from neighbouring towns speak a little differently.American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.Geography also plays a part in making dialects.Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect.When Americans moved form one place to another, they took their dialects with them.So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.什么是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)？是在英國(guó)、美國(guó)、加拿大、澳大利亞、印度、新西蘭所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)嗎？信不信由你，（世界上）沒(méi)有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)。許多人認(rèn)為，電視和收音機(jī)里所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)，這是因?yàn)樵谠缙诘碾娕_(tái)節(jié)目里，人們期望新聞播音員所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)是最好的英語(yǔ)。然而，在電視和收音機(jī)里，你也會(huì)聽(tīng)出人們?cè)谡f(shuō)話時(shí)的差異。
當(dāng)人們使用不同于“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)言”的詞語(yǔ)和表達(dá)時(shí)，那就叫做方言。美國(guó)英語(yǔ)有許多方言，特別是中西部地區(qū)和南部地區(qū)的方言，以及美國(guó)黑人和西班牙人的方言。即使在美國(guó)有些地區(qū)，兩個(gè)相鄰城鎮(zhèn)的人所說(shuō)的方言也可能稍有不同。美國(guó)英語(yǔ)之所以有這么多的方言是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人是來(lái)自世界各地的緣故。
地理位置對(duì)方言的形成也有所影響。住在美國(guó)東部山區(qū)的一些人說(shuō)著比較古老的英語(yǔ)方言。當(dāng)美國(guó)人從一個(gè)地方搬到另一個(gè)地方時(shí)，他們也就把他們的方言隨著帶去了。因此，美國(guó)東南部山區(qū)的人同美國(guó)西北部的人所說(shuō)的方言就幾乎相同。美國(guó)是一個(gè)大國(guó)，有著許許多多彼此不同的方言。雖然許多美國(guó)人經(jīng)常搬家，但是他們?nèi)匀荒軌虮鎰e和理解彼此的方言。
Reading and speaking 讀與說(shuō)
Amy and her American friends are visiting London.They plan to visit Amy’s aunt and decide to go there by underground, but cannot find the nearest underground station.So she asks directions and then tells her friends.Read the dialogue and circle the words that mean the same.1 艾米和她的美國(guó)朋友正在參觀倫敦。她們計(jì)劃去拜訪艾米的姑媽?zhuān)Q定乘地鐵去，但是她們找不到最近的地鐵站。所以她問(wèn)問(wèn)了路，然后告訴她的朋友。讀對(duì)話，然后圈出意思相同的詞。
AMY: Excuse me, Ma’ma.Could you tell me where the nearest subways is?
LADY: Er...the underground? Well, go round the corner on your left-hand side, straight on and cross two streets.It’ll be on your right-hand side.AMY: Thanks so much.FRIENDS: What did she say, Amy? AMY: She told us to go around the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks.The subway will be on our right.艾米：對(duì)不起，夫人，你能告訴我去最近的地鐵站怎么走嗎？
夫人：呃??地鐵？哦，往左邊拐過(guò)去，一直往前走，走過(guò)兩條街，地鐵就是右邊。
艾米：多謝了。
朋友：艾米，她說(shuō)什么？
艾米：她叫我們往左邊拐過(guò)去，一直往前走，走過(guò)兩條街，地鐵就是右邊。【意思相同的詞】
subway←→underground（地鐵）right-hand side←→right（右邊）street←→block 街道，街區(qū)
第三單元
Travel journal JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG PART 1 THE DREAM AND THE PLAN
My name is Wang Kun.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming.They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too.After graduating from college.we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.I asked my sister, “Where are we going?” It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.She can be really stubborn.Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.Now, I know that the proper way is always her way.I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when are we coming back?” I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet.Of course, she hadn't;my sister doesn't care about details.So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change her mind.When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres, she seemed to be excited about it.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.I know my sister well.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.Finally, I had to give in.Several months before our trip,Wang Wei and I went to the library.We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain.At first the river is small and the water is clear and cold.Then it begins to move quickly.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan Province.Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys.We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China.After it leaves China and the high altitude,the Mekong becomes wide，brown and warm.As it enters Southeast Asia, its pace slows.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.At last, the river delta enters the South China Sea.沿湄公河而下的旅行
第一部分 夢(mèng)想與計(jì)劃
我的名字叫王坤。從高中起，我姐姐和我就一直夢(mèng)想作一次偉大的自行車(chē)旅行。兩年前，她買(mǎi)了一輛價(jià)錢(qián)昂貴的山地自行車(chē)，然后她還說(shuō)服我也買(mǎi)了一輛。去年她去看望了我們的表兄弟—在昆明讀大學(xué)的刀偉和宇航。他們是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近瀾滄江的地方長(zhǎng)大，湄公河在中國(guó)境內(nèi)的這一段叫瀾滄江，流經(jīng)其他國(guó)家后就叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也對(duì)騎車(chē)旅行產(chǎn)生了興趣。到大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我們終于有了作一次騎車(chē)旅行的機(jī)會(huì)。我問(wèn)姐姐：“我們要去哪里？”首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎車(chē)旅行的是我的姐姐。現(xiàn)在，她正為這次旅行制訂計(jì)劃。
我很喜歡我姐姐，但是她有一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的缺點(diǎn)，她有時(shí)確實(shí)很固執(zhí)。盡管她對(duì)到某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅(jiān)持要把這次旅行安排的盡善盡美。現(xiàn)在我知道了這個(gè)盡善盡美的方式總是她的方式。我老是問(wèn)她：“我們什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身？什么時(shí)候回來(lái)？”我問(wèn)她是否已經(jīng)看過(guò)地圖。當(dāng)然她并沒(méi)有看過(guò)，我的姐姐是不會(huì)考慮細(xì)節(jié)的。于是我告訴她湄公河的源頭在青海省。她給了我一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的眼神—這種眼神表明她是不會(huì)改變主意的。當(dāng)我告訴她我們的旅行將從5000多米的的高地出發(fā)時(shí)，她似乎顯得很興奮。當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼吸會(huì)很困難，而且天氣會(huì)很冷時(shí)，她卻說(shuō)這將是一次很有趣的經(jīng)歷。我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了決心，就什么也不能使她改變。最后，我只好讓步了。
在我們旅行前的幾個(gè)月，王薇和我去了圖書(shū)館。我們找到了一本大型的地圖冊(cè)，里面有一些世界地理的明細(xì)圖。我們從圖上可以看到，湄公河源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，河很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它開(kāi)始快速流動(dòng)。它穿過(guò)深谷時(shí)就變成了急流。流經(jīng)云南西部。有時(shí)，這條河形成瀑布進(jìn)入寬闊的峽谷。我們驚奇的發(fā)現(xiàn)這條河有一半是在中國(guó)境內(nèi)。當(dāng)流出中國(guó)，流出高地后，湄公河就變寬，變暖了。河水也變成了黃褐色。而當(dāng)它進(jìn)入東南亞以后，流速減慢，河水變寬慢慢地穿過(guò)低谷，到了長(zhǎng)著稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中國(guó)南海。
Reading and discussing
JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG
PART 2 A NIGHT IN THE MOUNTAINS
Although it was autumn, the snow was already beginning to fall in Tibet.Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles? That's what we looked like!Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.In the late afternoon we found it was so cold that our water bottles froze.However,the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual.She is very reliable and I knew I did't need to encourage her.To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us,we were surprised by the view.We seemed to be able to see for miles.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.Then we began going down the hills.It was great fun especially as it gradually became much warmer.In the valleys colourful butterflies flew around us and we saw many yaks and sheep eating green grass.At this point we had to change our caps,coats,gloves and trousers for T-shirts and shorts.In the early evening we always stop to make camp.We put up our tent and then we eat.After supper Wang Wei put her head down on her pillow and went to sleep but I stayed awake.At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter.It was so quiet.There was almost no wind-only the flames of our fire for company.As I lay beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon,where our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us.We can hardly wait to see them!
Unit 4 Earthquakes
Reading
A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and fell.Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.A smelly gas came out of the cracks.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervois to eat.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds.At about 3:00 am on july 28,1976,some people saw bright lights in the sky.The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky.In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.but the one million people of the city,who thiught little of these events,were asleep as usual that night.At 3:42 am everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world was at an end!Eleven kilometres directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun.It was felt in Beijing,which is more than two hundred kilometres away.One-third of the nation felt it.A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and canals.Steam burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dir.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.The suffering of the people was extreme.Two-thirds of them died or were left without parents.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.But how could the survivors believe it was natural?Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.All of the city's hospitals,75%of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.No wind,however,could blow them away.Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again.Half a million oigs and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were shocked.Then,later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.More buildings fell down.Water,food,and electricity were hard to get.people begab to wonder how long the disaster would last.All hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.To the north of the city,most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city bu train,truck and plane.Slowly,the city began to breathe again.Office of the City Government
Tangshan,Hebei
China
July5,2007
Dear____，Congratulations!We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.Your parents and your school should be very proud of you!
Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster.The park will also honour those who helped the survivors.Our office would like to have you speak to the park vistors on July 28 at 11:00 am.As you know,this is the day the quake happened thirty-____years ago.We invite you to bring your family and friends on that special day.Sincerely，Zhang Sha
Unit 5
ELIAS’ STORY
My name is Elias.I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.I was twelve years old.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems.He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.I needed his help because I had very little education.I began school at six.The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.I could not read or write well.After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.He told my how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg.I became more hopeful about my future.I never forgot how kind Mandela was.When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could.He said:
“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.‖
It was the truth.Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.They could not get the jobs they wanted.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.No one could grow food there.In fact as Nelson Mandela said:
“?we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government.We chose to attack the laws.We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful;when this was not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.As a matter of fact, I do not like violence…but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.THE REST OF ELIAS' STORY
You cannot imagine how the name of Robben Island made us afraid.It was a prison from which no one escaped.There I spent the hardest time of my life.But when I got there Nelsom Mandela was also there and he helped me.Mr Mandela began a school for those of us who had little learning.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find to make candles to see the words.I became a good student.I wanted to study for my degree but I was not allowed to do that.Later, Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us.He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.They were not cleverer than me , but they did pass their exams.So I knwe I could get a degree too.That made me feel good about myself.When I finished the four years in prison, I went to find a job.Since I was better educated, I got a job working in an office.However, the police found out and told my boss that I had been in prinson for blowing up government buildings.So I lost my job.I did not work again for twenty years until M r Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.All that time my wife and children had to beg for good and help from relatives or friends.Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job taking tourists around my old prison on Robben Islannd.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.All the terror and fear of that time came back to me.I remembered the beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends who had died.I felt I would not be able to do it, but my family encouraged me.They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.So now at 51 I am proud to show visitors over the prison, for I helped to make our people free in their own land.必修2 unit1
IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM
Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.This gift was the Amber Room , which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country's best artists about ten years to make.In fact , the room was not made to be a gift.It was designed for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ.However, the next King of Prussia , Frederick William Ⅰ,to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it.In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great.In return , the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.So the Amber Room because part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg.About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors.Later,Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.She told her artists to add more details to it.In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.Almost six hundred candles lit the room ,and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold.Sadly , although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world , it is now missing.In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg.This was a time when the two countries were at war.Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace , the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room.However , some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself.In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven woooden boxs.There is no doubt that the boxs were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.Recently , the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace.By studying old photos of the former Amber Room , they have made the new one look like the old one.In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city.A FACT OR AN OPINION?
What is a fact? Is it something that people believe? No.A fact is anything that can be proved.For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world.This is a fact.Then what is an opinion? An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved.So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial.For example, it is an opinion if you say ―Cats are better pets than dogs‖.It may be true, but it is difficult to prove.Some people may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works.He/she only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions.This kind of information is called evidence.Unit 2
AN INTERVIEW
Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games.He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.P: My name is Pausanias.I lived in what you call ―Ancient Greece‖ and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.I’ve come to your time to find out about the present-day Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland.May I ask you some questions about the modern Olympics?
L: Good heavens!Have you really come from so long ago? But of course you can ask any questions you like.What would you like to know?
P: How often do you hold your Games?
L: Every four years.There are two main sets of Games-the Winter and Summer Olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular basis.The Winter Olympics are usually held two years before the Summer Games.Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.They may come from anywhere in the world.P: Winter Games? How can the runners enjoy competing in winter? And what about the horses?
L: Oh no!There are no running races or horse riding events.Instead there are competitions like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice.That’s why they’re called the Winter Olympics.It’s in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.P: I see.Earlier you said that athletes are invited from all over the world.Do you mean the Greek world? Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of winning.No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!
L: Nowadays any country can take part if their athletes are good enough.There are over 250 sports and each on has its own standard.Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and …
P: Please wait a minute!All those events, all those countries and even women taking part!Where are all the athletes housed?
L: For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well.P: That sounds very expensive.Does anyone want to host the Olympic Games?
L: As a matter of fact, every country wants the opportunity.It’s a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen.There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.The 2008 Olympics will be held in Beijing, China.Did you know that?
P: Oh yes!You must be very proud.L: Certainly.And after that the 2012 Olympics will be held in London.They have already started planning for it.A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums will be built to the east of London.New medals will be designed of course and …
P: Did you say medals? So even the olive wreath has been replaced!Oh dear!Do you compete for prize money too?
L: No, we don’t.it’s still all about being able to run faster, jump higher and throw further.That’s the motto of the Olympics, you know-―Swifter, Higher and Stronger.‖
P: Well, that’s good news.How interesting!Thank you so much for your time.THE STORY OF ATLANTA
Atlanta was a Greek princess.She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in Greece.But she was not allowed to run and win glory for herself in the Olympic Games.She was so angry that she said to her father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her.Her father said that she must marry, so Atlanta made a bargain with him.She said to him,“These are my rules.When a man says he wants to marry me, I will run against him.If he cannot run as fast as me, he will be killed.No one will be pardoned.”
Many kings and princes wanted to marry Atlanta, but when they heard of rules they knew it was hopeless.So many of them sadly went home, but others stayed to run the race.There was a man called Hippomenes who was amazed when he heard of Atlanta's rules,“Why are these men so foolish?” he thought.“Why will they let themselves be killed because they cannot run as fast as this princess?” However, when she saw Atlanta come out of her house to run, Hippomenes changed his mind.“I will marry Atlanta--or die!” he said.The race started and although the man ran very fast, Atlanta ran faster.As Hippomenes watched he thought, “How can I run as fast as Atlanta?” He went to ask the Greek Godness of Love for help.She promised to help him and gave him three golden apples.She said,“ Throw an apple in front of Atlanta when she is running past.When she stops to pick it up, you will be able to run past her and win.”
Hippomenes took the apples and went to the King.He said,“ I want to marry Atlanta.” The King was sad to see another man die, but Hippomenes said,“ I will marry her------or die!” So the race began.Unit 3
WHO AM I?
Over time I have been changed quite a lot.I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums.I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.After I was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes, I could ―think‖ logically and produce an answer quicker than any person.At that time it was considered a technological revolution and the start of my ―artificial intelligence‖.In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a ―universal machine‖ to solve any difficult mathematical problem.From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.By the 1949s I had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger.However, this reality also worried my designers.As time went by, as was make smaller.First as a PC(personal computer)and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.These changes only became possible as my memory improved.First it was stored in tubes, then on transistors and later on very small chips.As a result I totally changed my shape.As I have grown older I have also grown smaller.Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told!And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it!But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network.I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for my.I have become very important in communication, finance and trade.I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race!
ANDY – THE ANDROID
I’m part of an android football team.About once a year we are allowed to get together to play a game of football.I’m as big as a human.It fact, I look like one too.On the football team I’m a striker so I have to be able to run very fast.My computer ships help me to move and think like a human.For example, I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good for a goal.My first football competition was in Nagoya, Japan several years ago.Last year our team went to Seattle, Washington in the USA.We won second place.Personally, I think the team that won first place cheated.They had developed a new type of program just before the competition.So we need to encourage our programmer to improve our intelligence too.We are determined to create an even better system.In a way our programmer is like our coach.She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games.Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.In this way I can make up new moves using my ―artificial intelligence‖.I could like to play against a human team, for I have been programmed to act just like them.After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I’m all about!
Unit 4 HOW DAISY LEARNED TO HELP WILDLIFE
Daisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife.One day she woke up and found a flying carpet by her bed.―Where do you want to go?‖ it asked.Daisy responded immediately.―I’d like to see some endangered wildlife,‖ she said.―Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater.‖ At once the carpet flew away and took her to Tibet.There daisy saw and antelope looking sad.It said, ―We’re being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs.Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you.As a result, we are now an endangered species.‖ At that Daisy cried, ―I’m sorry I didn’t know that.I wonder what is being done to help you.Flying carpet, please show me a place where there’s some wildlife protection.‖
The flying carpet traveled so fast that next minute they were in Zimbabwe.Daisy turned around and found that she was being watched by and elephant.―Have you come to take my photo?‖ it asked.In relief Daisy burst into laughter.―Don’t laugh,‖ said the elephant, ―We used to be an endangered species.Farmers hunted us without mercy.They said we destroyed their farms, and money from tourists only went to the large tour companies.So the government decided to help.They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers.Now the farmers are happy and our numbers are increasing.So good things are being done here to save local wildlife.‖
Daisy smiled, ―That’s good news.It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests.‖ The carpet rose again and almost at once they were in a thick rainforest.A monkey watched them as it rubbed itself.―What are you doing?‖ asked Daisy.―I’m protecting myself from mosquitoes,‖ it replied.When I find a millipede insect, I rub it over my body.It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live the appreciate how the animals live together.No rainforest, no animals, no drugs.‖
Daisy was amazed.―Flying carpet, please take me home so I can tell WWF and we can begin producing this new drug.Monkey, please come and help.‖ The monkey agreed.The carpet flew home.As they landed, things began to disappear.Two minutes later everything had gone-the monkey, too.So Daisy was not able to make her new drug.But what an experience!She had learned so much!And there was always WWF…
ANIMAL EXTINCTION
Many animals have disappeared during the long history of the earth.The most famous of these animals are dinosaurs.They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time.There were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of them used to live in China.The eggs of twenty-five species have been found in Xixia,County,Nanyang, Henan Province.Not long ago a rare new species of bird-like dinosaur was discovered in Chaoyang County,Liaoning Province.When scientists inspeacted the bones,they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees.They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.Dinosaurs died out suddenly about 65 million years ago.Some scientists think it came after an unexpected incident when a huge rock from space hit the earth and put too much dust into the air.Others think the earth got too hot for the dinosaurs
to live on any more.Nobody knows for sure why and how dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in such a short time.We know many other wild plants, animals,insects and birds have died out more recently.According to a UN report,some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years.The dodo is one of them.It lived on the Island of Mauritius and was a very friendly animal.Please listen to a story of the dodo and how it disappeared frome the earth.Unit 5
THE BAND THAT WASN’T
Have you ever wanted to be part of a band as a famous singer or musician? Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music? Do you sing karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Lin Huan? To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.But just how do people form a band?
Many musicians meet and form a band because they like to write and play their own music.They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practicing their music in someone’s hours is the first step to fame.Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments.Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash.Of course they hope to make records in a studio and sell millions of copies to become millionaires!
However, there was one band hat started in a different way.It was called the Monkees and began as a TV show.The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the beatles.The TV organizers had planned to find four musicians who could act as well as sing.They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find one who was good enough.They had to use actors for the other three members of the band.As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely on other musicians to help them.So during the broadcasts they just pretended to sing.Anyhow their performances were humorous enough to be copied by clubs in order to get more familiar with them.Each week on TV, the Mondees would play and sing songs written by other musicians.However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band.Then they produced their own records and started touring and play their own music.In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold even more records.The band broke up about 1970, but happily the reunited in the mid-1980s.they produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.FREDDY THE FROG(II)
Not long after Freddy and the band became famous,they visited Britain on a brief tour.Fans showed their devotion by waiting for hours to get tichkets for their concerts.Freddy was now quite confident when he went into a concert hall.He enjoyed singing and all the congratulations afterwards!His most exciting invitation was to perform on a programme called “Top of the Pops.”He had to go to London,wear an expensive suit and give a performance to a TV camera.It felt very strange.But as soon as the programme was over,the telephones which were in the same room started ringing.Everybody was asking when they could see Freddy and his band again.They were truly stars.Then things went wrong.Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed.Even when they wore sunglasses or beards people recognized them.Fans found them even when they went into the toilet.They tried to hide in the reading rooms of libraries,but it was useless.Someone was always there!Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they were close friends.At last feeling very upset and sensitive,Freddy and his band to which they were never to return,and went back to the lake.必修3 unit1
Festivals and celebrations
Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather,planting in spring and harvest in autumn.Sometimes celebratewould be held after hunters had caught animals.At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find,especially during the cold winter months.Today’s festivals have many origins ,some religious,some seasonal, and some for special people or events.Festivals of the Dead
Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors,who might return either to help or to do harm.For the Japanese festival.Obon,people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.In Mexico,people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November.On this impoutant feast day,people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with‖bones‖on them.They offer food,flowers and gifts to the dead.The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.It is now a children’s festival,when they can dress up and to to their neighbours’homes to ask for sweets.Ifthe neighbours do not give any sweets,the children might play a trick on them.Festivals to Honour People
Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet,Qu Yuan.In the USA Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in New World.India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi,the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.Harvest Festivals
Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events.People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.In European countries,people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit,and will get together to have meals.Some people might win awards for their farm produce,like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals,when people admire the moon and in China,enjoy mooncakes.Spring Festivals
The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.At the Spring Festival in China,people eat dumplings,fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper.There are dragon dances and carnivals,and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together.Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals,which take place forty days before Easter,usually in February.These carnivals might include parades,dancing in the streets day and night,loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds.Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians aroud the world.It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life.Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later.The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as thought it is covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat , drink and have fun with each other.Festivals let us enjoy life,be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while
A SAD LOVE STORY
Li Fang was heart-broken.It was Valentine’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work.But she didn’t turn up.She could be with her friends right now laughing at him.She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word.He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool.Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.He would drown his sadness in coffee.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave-he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV-just what Li Fang needed!A sad Chinese story about lost love.The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visted the earth.Her name was Zhinü,the weaving girl.While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.(―Just like me and Hu Jin,‖thought Li Fang.)They got married secretly, and they were very happy.(―We could be like that,‖thought Li Fang.)When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven.Niulang tried to follow her, but the river of stars,the Milly Way, stopped him.Finding that Zhinü was heart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year.Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.People in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhinü is weeping and the couple won’t be able to meet.The announcer said,‖This is the story of Qiqiao Festival.When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine’s story.It’s a fine day today, so I hope you can all meet the one you love.‖
As Li Fang set off for home, he thought,‖I guess Hu Jin doesn’t love me.I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away.I don’t want them to remind me of her.‖ So he did.As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him.There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling , ―why are you so late?I’ve been waiting for you for a long time!And I have a gift for you!‖
What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts!She would never forgive him.This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day!
必修3 UNIT2 COME AND EAT HERE(1)
Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.It had been a very strange morning.Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs, roast pork, stir-flied vegetables and fried rice.Then by lunchtime they would all be sold.By now his restaurant ought to be full of people.But not today!Why was that? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, finest oil.His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of milk, cream and delicious fruit.“Nothing could be better,” he thought.Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by.“Hello, Lao Li,” he called.“Your usual?” But Li Chang seemed not to hear.What was the matter? Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a new small restaurant.He saw a sign in the window.Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight?
Come inside Yong Hui’s slimming restaurant.Only slimming foods served here.Make yourself thin again!
Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside.It was full of people.The hostess, a very thin lady, came forward.“Welcome,” she said.“My name is Yong Hui.I'll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here every day.” Then she gave a menu to Wang Peng.There were few choices of food and drink on it: just rice, raw vegetables served in vinegar, fruit and water.Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices.It cost more than a good meal in his restaurant!He could not believe his eyes.He threw down the menu and hurried outside.On his way home he thought about his own menu.Did it make people fat? Perhaps he should go to the library and find out.He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!He had better do some research!
At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little.Even though her customers might get thin after eating Yong Hui’s food, they were not eating enough energy-giving food to keep them fit.They would become tired very quickly.Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he drove back home.Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back.So he wrote:
Want to feel fit and energetic?
Come and eat here!Discounts today!
Our food gives you energy all day!
The competition between the two restaurants was on!
到這里來(lái)用餐吧（1）
王鵬做在他那空蕩蕩的餐館里，感到很沮喪。這個(gè)上午真是怪的很。通常他很早就起床，準(zhǔn)備他的菜肴—烤羊肉串、烤豬肉、炒菜和炒飯。然后到午飯時(shí)分，這些菜都會(huì)賣(mài)完。到了這個(gè)時(shí)候，他的餐館本該賓客盈門(mén)的，但今天卻不是！為什么會(huì)這樣？發(fā)生了什么事？他想起了他用滾燙的精制油烹制的羊肉串、牛排和臘肉。他的可樂(lè)又甜又冷，冰激凌用牛奶、奶油和水果制成的。他想：“再?zèng)]有比這些更好吃的了”。突然間，他看到自己的朋友李昌匆匆地走過(guò)。他喊道，“喂，老李！你還是吃老一套的吧？”可是李昌似乎沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到。怎么會(huì)事呢？要是李昌不像往常那樣到他店里吃飯，那問(wèn)題一定嚴(yán)重了。
王鵬跟著李昌來(lái)到街尾一家新開(kāi)張的小餐館。窗子上的標(biāo)牌寫(xiě)著這樣一些字：“肥膩的東西吃厭了吧！想變瘦嗎？請(qǐng)到雍慧減肥餐館來(lái)。此地只供應(yīng)減肥食品，讓你恢復(fù)苗條！”
王鵬受到好奇心的驅(qū)使，走了進(jìn)去。里面坐滿了人。店老板，一個(gè)清瘦的女人走上前來(lái)說(shuō)道：“歡迎光臨！我叫雍慧。您要是每天來(lái)這兒用餐，我可以保證在兩周內(nèi)去掉您的全部脂肪，”然后，她遞給王鵬一張菜譜，菜譜上有很少幾樣食物和飲料：米飯、蘸醋吃的生蔬菜、水果和水。王鵬對(duì)此感到吃驚，特別是對(duì)它們的價(jià)格。這比在他的餐館里吃一頓好飯花的錢(qián)還要多。他幾乎不能相信他的眼睛！他甩了菜譜就急急往外走。在回家的路上，他想起了自己的菜譜。那些菜讓人發(fā)胖了嗎？也許他該去圖書(shū)館查查看。他可不能讓雍慧哄騙人們后跑掉。他最好做一番調(diào)查！
在圖書(shū)館，王鵬很驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，他餐館的食物脂肪含量太高，而雍慧餐館的食物脂肪含量又太低。盡管顧客吃她的餐館里的飯會(huì)變得苗條，但他們攝取不到足夠的熱量來(lái)保持健康，很快就會(huì)感到疲乏。開(kāi)車(chē)回家時(shí)，王鵬覺(jué)得又有了希望。也許寫(xiě)個(gè)新的標(biāo)牌、打點(diǎn)折，能夠幫他贏回顧客！于是他寫(xiě)下了他的標(biāo)牌：
“想保持苗條、健康又精力旺盛嗎？
到這里來(lái)用餐吧！今天打折！
我們的食物能夠給您提供一整天所需的熱量！”
這兩家餐館之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)開(kāi)始了！
COME AND EAT HERE(2)
A week later, Wang Peng' s restaurant was nearly full and he felt happier.Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant.He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.He smiled as he welcomed some customers warmly at the door but the smile left his face when he saw Yong Hui walking in.She did not look happy but glared at him.“ May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant the other day? I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to spy on me and my menu,” she shouted.“ Please excuse me,” he calmly explained,“ I wanted to know where all my customers had gone last week.I followed one of them and found them in your restaurant.I don' t want to upset you, but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food.Why don' t you sit down and try a meal?”
Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings and breast of chicken cooked with garlic.When they were served the ice cream,Yong Hui began to look ill.“I feel sick with all this fat and heavy food,”she said,“I miss my vegetables and fruit.”Wang Peng was enjoying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed.“ Yes,” he added,“ and I would miss my dumplings and fatty pork.Don't you get tired quickly?”“Well,I do have to rest a lot,”admitted Yong Hui.“But don't you think it would be better if you were a bit thinner? I’m sure you ' d feel much healthier.”
They began to talk about menus and balanced diets.“ According to my research, neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet,” explained Wang Peng.“ I don' t offer enough fibre and you don' t offer enough body-building and energy-giving food.Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre.” So that is what they did.They served raw vegetables with the hamburgers and boiled the potatoes rather than frying them.They served fresh fruit with the ice cream.In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal.Their balanced diets became-such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight.After some time the two found that their business cooperation had turned into a personal one.Finally they got married and lived happily ever after!到這里來(lái)用餐吧（2）
一周后，王鵬的餐館幾乎坐滿了人，他感到高興些了。也許他仍然能夠謀生，而不至于關(guān)閉自己的餐館。他不希望由于餐館不受歡迎而負(fù)債。他微笑地站在門(mén)口熱情地迎接他的客人。但他一見(jiàn)到雍慧走進(jìn)來(lái)，臉上的笑容馬上就消失了。雍慧瞪著他，看上去不太高興。“請(qǐng)問(wèn)你那天到我餐館里來(lái)干什么？”她大聲問(wèn)道，“我本來(lái)以為你是一位新顧客，現(xiàn)在我才發(fā)現(xiàn)你只是過(guò)來(lái)打探我和我的菜譜的。”王鵬心平氣和地解釋說(shuō)，“很對(duì)不起，上周我想知道我的顧客是上哪兒吃飯去了。我并不想讓你心煩，不過(guò)我發(fā)現(xiàn)你的菜譜上的菜太少了，所以我也就不著急了，我也開(kāi)始宣傳我餐館食物的好處。你為什么不坐下吃頓飯呢？”
雍慧同意留下來(lái)。沒(méi)過(guò)一會(huì)，他們兩人就津津有味地吃起餃子和蒜蓉及胸。當(dāng)要吃冰激凌時(shí)，雍慧開(kāi)始感到不舒服了。她說(shuō)，“吃了這么多油膩的、難消化的食物，我都覺(jué)得惡心了。我想吃我的蔬菜和水果。”這時(shí)候，王鵬正在吃第二盤(pán)餃子，他嘆了一口氣，說(shuō)道，“同樣地，（如果在你的餐館）我還想吃我的餃子和肥肉呢。你不覺(jué)得自己很容易疲乏么？”“是的，我的確經(jīng)常需要休息；”雍慧承認(rèn)了，“不過(guò)，難道你不認(rèn)為你瘦一點(diǎn)更好么？我相信，那樣你會(huì)覺(jué)得更健康些。”
他們開(kāi)始談?wù)摬俗V和平衡膳食的問(wèn)題。王鵬解釋道，“我的研究表明，你我兩家所提供的都不是平衡膳食。我沒(méi)有提供足夠的纖維食物，而你提供的食物沒(méi)有足夠的營(yíng)養(yǎng)和熱量。也許我們應(yīng)該把我們的想法綜合起來(lái)，作出一份富于營(yíng)養(yǎng)、熱量和纖維的平衡食譜。”于是，他們就照此做了。他們用生蔬菜配漢堡包，煮土豆不是油炸土豆，還拿新鮮水果配上冰激凌。這樣，他們減少了飯菜中的脂肪含量，增加了纖維素。他們的平衡食譜非常有效，王鵬很快就瘦了，而雍慧卻胖了，過(guò)了不久，這兩個(gè)人發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們生意上的合作變成了私人的合作了。最后，他們結(jié)了婚，過(guò)上了幸福美滿的生活。
必修3 Unit 3
THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE
Act I, Scene 3 NARRATOR: It is the summer of 1903.Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a bet.Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London.His brother Roderick doubts it.At this moment, they see a penniless young man wandering on the pavement outside their house.It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.RODERICK:
Young man, would you step inside a moment, please? HENRY:
Who? Me, sir? RODERICK:
Yes, you.OLIVER:
Through the front door on your left.HENRY:
(A servant opens a door)Thanks.SERVANT:
Good morning, sir.Would you please come in? Permit me to lead the way, sir.OLIVER:
(Henry enters)Thank you, James.That will be all.RODERICK:
How do you do, Mr...er...? HENRY:
Adams.Henry Adams.OLIVER:
Come and sit down, Mr Adams.HENRY:
Thank you.RODERICK:
You're an American?
HENRY:
That's right, from San Francisco.RODERICK:
How well do you know London? HENRY:
Not at all, it's my first trip here.RODERICK:
I wonder, Mr Adams, if you'd mind us asking a few questions.HENRY:
Not at all.Go right ahead.RODERICK:
May we ask what you're doing in this country and what your plans are? HENRY:
Well, I can't say that I have any plans.I'm hoping to find work.As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.OLIVER:
How is that possible? HENRY:
Well, you see, back home I had my own boat.About a month ago, I was sailing out of the bay...(his eyes stare at what is left of the brother's dinner on table)OLIVER:
Well, go on.HENRY:
Oh, yes.Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.It was all my fault.I didn't know whether I could survive until morning.The next morning I'd just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.OLIVER:
And it was the ship that brought you to England.HENRY:
Yes.The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance.I went to the American embassy to seek help, but...(The brothers smile at each other.)RODERICK: Well, you mustn't worry about that.It's an advantage.HENRY:
I'm afraid I don't quite follow you, sir.RODERICK: Tell us, Mr Adams, what sort of work did you do in America? HENRY:
I worked for a mining company.Could you offer me some kind of work here? RODERICK: Patience, Mr Adams.If you don't mind, may I ask you how much money you have? HENRY:
Well, to be honest, I have none.OLIVER:
(happily)What luck!Brother, what luck!(claps his hands together)HENRY:
Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!On the contrary, in fact.If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don't think it's very funny.(Henry stands up to leave)Now if you'll excuse me, I think I'll be on my way.RODERICK:
Please don't go, Mr Adams~ You mustn't think we don't care about you.Oliver, give him the letter.OLIVER:
Yes, the letter.(gets it from a desk and gives it to Henry like a gift)The letter.HENRY:
(taking it carefully)For me? RODERICK:
For you.(Henry starts to open it)Oh, no, you mustn't open it.Not yet.You can't open it until two o'clock.HENRY:
Oh, this is silly.RODERICK: Not silly.There's money in it.(calls to the servant)James? HENRY:
Oh, no.I don't want your charity.I just want an honest job.RODERICK: We know you're hard-working.That's why we've given you the letter.James, show Mr Adams out.OLIVER:
Good luck, Mr Adams.HENRY:
Well, why don't you explain what this is all about? RODERICK: You'll soon know.(looks at the clock)In exactly an hour and a half.SERVANT:
This way, sir.RODERICK: Mr Adams, not until 2 o'clock.Promise? HENRY:
Promise.Goodbye.THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE
Act I, Scene 4
(Outside a restaurant Henry looks at the envelope without opening it and decides to go in.He sits down at a table next to the front window.)OWNER:
(seeing Henry's poor appearance)That one's reserved.This way, please.(to the waiter)Take this gentleman's order, Horace.HENRY:
(after sitting down and putting the letter on the table)I'd like some ham and eggs and a nice big steak.Make it extra thick.I'd also like a cup of coffee and a pineapple
dessert.WAITER:
Right, sir.I'm afraid it'll cost a large amount of money.HENRY:
I understand.And I'll have a large glass of beer.WAITER:
OK.(The waiter leaves and soon returns with all the food.)HOSTESS: My goodness!Why, look at him.He eats like a wolf.OWNER:
We'll see if he's clever as a wolf, eh? HENRY:
(having just finished every bit of food)Ah, waiter.(waiter returns)Same thing again, please.Oh, and another beer.WAITER:
Again? Everything? HENRY:
Yes, that's right.(sees the look on the waiter's face)Anything wrong? WAITER:
No, not at all.(to the owner)He's asked for more of the same.OWNER:
Well, it is well-known that Americans like to eat a lot.Well, we'll have to take a chance.Go ahead and let him have it.WAITER:
(reading the bill after the meal)All right.That's two orders of ham and eggs, two extra thick steaks, two large glasses of beer, two cups of coffee and two desserts.HENRY:
(looking at the clock on the wall)Would you mind waiting just a few minutes? WAITER:
(in a rude manner)What's there to wait for? OWNER:
All right, Horace.I'll take care of this.HENRY:
(to owner)That was a wonderful meal.It's amazing how much pleasure you get out of tile simple things in life, especially if you can't have them for a while.OWNER:
Yes, very interesting.Now perhaps, sir, if you pay your bill I can help the other customers.HENRY:
(looking at the clock on the wall again)Well, I see it's two o'clock.(he opens the envelope and holds a million pound bank note in his hands.Henry is surprised but the owner and waiter are shocked)I'm very sorry.But...I...I don't have anything smaller.OWNER:
(still shocked and nervous)Well..er...just one moment.Maggie, look!(the hostess screams, the other customers look at her and she puts a hand to her mouth)Do you think it's genuine? HOSTESS: Oh, dear, I don't know.I simply don't know.OWNER:
Well, I did hear that the Bank of England had issued two notes in this amount...Anyway, I don't think it can be a fake.People would pay too much attention to a bank note of this amount.No thief would want that to happen.HOSTESS: But he's in rags!OWNER:
Perhaps he's a very strange, rich man.(as if he has discovered something for the first time)Why, yes!That must be it!HOSTESS:(hits her husband's arm)And you put him in the back of the restaurant!Go and see him at once.OWNER:
(to Henry)I'm so sorry, sir, so sorry, but I cannot change this bank note.HENRY:
But it's all I have on me.OWNER:
Oh, please, don't worry, sir.Doesn't matter at all.We're so very glad that you even entered our little eating place.Indeed, sir, I hope you'll come here whenever you like.HENRY:
Well, that's very kind of you.OWNER:
Kind, sir? No, it's kind of you.You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like.Just having you sit here is a great honour!As for the bill, sir, please forget it.HENRY:
Forget it? Well...thank you very much.That's very nice of you.OWNER:
Oh, it's for us to thank you, sir and I do, sir, from the bottom of my heart.(The owner, hostess and waiter all bow as Henry leaves.)
必修3 Unit 4 HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH
No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.It exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.Next, green plants began to grow on land.They were followed in time by land animals.Some were insects.Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water.Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time.They produced young enerally by laying eggs.After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed.They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended.Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth.These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth.Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.But they are not looking after the earth very well.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.A VISIT TO THE MOON
Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer.We visited the moon in our spaceship!
Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful.Then we were off.As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity.It was so hard that we could not say anything to each other.Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him.“Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.” I asked.“We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull,” he explained, “so we feel as if there is no gravity at all.When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth's.” I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately.“Come on,” I said.“If you are right, my mass will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely.I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough.I shall certainly weigh less!” I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.“Oh dear,” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.Leaving the moon's gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth's.But returning to the earth was very frightening.We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased.Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land.“That was very exhausting but very exciting too,” I said.“Now I know much more about gravity!Do you think we could visit some stars next time?” “Of course,” he smiled, “which star would you like to go to?”
必修3 Unit 5 A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH”
Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast.Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east across Canada.The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport.He was going to take them and their baggage to catch “The True North”, the cross-Canada train.On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip.“You're going to see some great scenery.Going eastward, you'll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities.Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast.Here in Vancouver, you're in Canada's warmest part.People say it is Canada's most beautiful city, surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.Skiing in the Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbour make Vancouver one of Canada's most popular cities to live in.Its population is increasing rapidly.The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world.It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.”
That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats.Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede.Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede.Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.After two days' travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty.At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada's population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country.They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres.After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes.The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world.In fact, it has one-third of the world's total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes.That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.“THE TURE NORTH‖F(xiàn)ROM TORONTO TO MONTREAL
The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy city in Canada.They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city.They went up the tall CN Tower and looked across the lake.In the distance, they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake.The water flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea.They saw the covered stadium, home of several famous basketball teams.As they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said, “Lin Fei, one of my mother's old schoolmates, lives here.I should phone her from a telephone booth.”
They met Lin Fei around dusk in downtown Chinatown, one of the three in Toronto.Over dinner at a restaurant called The Pink Pearl, the cousins chatted with Lin Fei, who had moved to Canada many years earlier.“We can get good Cantonese food here,” Lin Fei told them, “because most of the Chinese people here come from South China, especially Hong Kong.It's too bad you can't go as far as Ottawa, Canada's capital.It's approximately four hundred kilometres northeast of Toronto, so it would take too long.”
The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal at dawn the next morning.At the station, people everywhere were speaking French.There were signs and ads in French, but some of them had English words in smaller letters.“We don't leave until this evening,” said Liu Qian.“Let's go downtown.Old Montreal is close to the water.” They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces beside the water.As they sat in a buffet restaurant looking over the broad St Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them.“Hello, my name is Henri.I'm a student at the university nearby,” he said, “and I was wondering where you are from.” The girls told him they were on a train trip across Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal.“That's too bad,” he said.“Montreal is a city with wonderful restaurants and clubs.Most of us speak both English and French, but the city has French culture and traditions.We love good coffee, good bread and good music.”
That night as the train was speeding along the St Lawrence River toward the Gulf of St Lawrence and down to the distant east coast, the cousins dreamed of French restaurants and red maple leaves.必修4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE
It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa.Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before.Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.Then we follow as they wander into the forest.Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family.Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.However, the evening makes it all worthwhile.We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree.Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night.We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour.She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment.However, this was not easy.When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.Her work changed the way people think about chimps.For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat.Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts.She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it.She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely.She is leading a busy life but she says: “Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.It's terrible.It affects me when I watch the wild chimps.I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?” And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong.Once you have seen that you can never forget...“
She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can.She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK?
I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases.She lived from 1901 to 1983.It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles.One of them caught my eye.It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickness.Why did she write that? Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice? I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to boys'.Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.By now I could not wait to find out more about her.I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own.Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered.By this time I was very excited.Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and….必修4 Unit 2 A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE
Although he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.Born into a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice.In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced.These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China.Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests.Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.However, he doesn't care about being famous.He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research.He would much rather keep time for his hobbles.He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.Long ago Dr yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum.Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut.Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe.One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?
Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming.Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's health.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones.Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time.This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off.These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time.Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition.They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer.They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile.This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile.They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans.Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground's surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots.Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop.These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health.必修4 Unit 3 A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOUR
As Victor Hugo once said, ”Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face“, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between.He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.Not that Charlie's own life was easy!He was born in a poor family in 1889.His parents were both poor music hall performers.You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain.Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England.He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks.No one was ever bored watching him-his subtle acting made everything entertaining.As time went by, he began making films.He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world.The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat.He walked around stilly carrying a walking stick.This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties.He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush.It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California.Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success.Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat.They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner.Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak.Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe.He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment.The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!
Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in.In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films.He lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence.ENGLISH JOKES There are thousands of jokes which use ”play on words“ to amuse us.One person asks a question which expects a particular reply.Instead, what he gets is another kind of answer which makes the situation funny.Now read some of these customer and waiter jokes.Can you match the joke with the explanation?
C: What's that fly doing in my soup?
W: Swimming, I think!2
C: What's that?
W: It's bean soup.C: I don't want to know what it's been.I want to know what it is now.3
C: Waiter, will the pancakes be long?
W: No, sir.Round.Some jokes are longer and tell a short, funny story.The following is one of those jokes about the famous detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend Doctor Watson.Read it and decide which of these two kinds of jokes you like better.Give your reasons.Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went camping in a mountainous area.They were lying in the open air under the stars.Sherlock Holmes looked up at the stars and whispered, ”Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you think of?“ Watson replied, ”I think of how short life is and how long the universe has lasted.“ ”No, no, Watson!“ Holmes said.”What do you really think of?.“ Watson tried again.”I think of how small I am and how vast the sky is.“ ”Try again, Watson!“ said Holmes.Watson tried a third time.”I think of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be in their beds.“ Holmes said, ”Watson, you fool!You should be thinking that someone has stolen our tent!“
必修4 Unit 4 COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?
Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.They were coming to study at Beijing University.We would take them first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen.After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised.Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada.As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student.Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George's moving hand.They both apologizednot all members of a culture behave in the same way.In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads!
SHOWING OUR FEELINGS
Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than spoken language.People around the world show all kinds of feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud.It is possible to ”read“ others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication.Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile – its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.It does not always mean that we are truly happy, however.Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry.There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone ”loses face“ and smiles to hide it.However, the general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.From the time we are babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning.In most places around the world, frowning and turning one's back to someone shows anger.Making a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening another person.There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up and down is used for agreement, almost worldwide.Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.How about showing that I am bored? Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested.However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested.If I roll my eyes and turn my head away, I most likely do not believe what I am hearing or do not like it.Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture, but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher.In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank.Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language.We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!
必修4 Unit 5
THEME PARKS — FUN AND MORE THAN FUN
Which theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history.Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture.Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!
The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland.It can be found in several parts of the world.It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character.As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street.Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops.With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland!
Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is one of the most unique theme parks in the world.Dollywood shows and celebrates America's traditional southeastern culture.Although Dollywood has rides, the park's main attraction is its culture.Famous country music groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres.People come from all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and iron objects in the old-fashioned way.Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam-engine train still working in the southeast USA.You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world's largest bald eagle preserve.And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best old wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead.It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space.Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about America's historical southeastern culture!
If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England's Camelot Park is the place for you.Every area of the park is modelled after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.In one place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin the Wizard.If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, then the jousting area is a good place to visit.If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament.Do you like animals? Then visit the farm area, and learn how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals.To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!
FUTUROSCOP —EXCITEMENT AND LEARNING
Last week I took a journey deep into space, to the end of the solar system, and was pulled into a black hole.Then I took a trip to Brazil and experienced surviving an airplane crash in the jungle.After that, I joined some divers and went to the bottom of the ocean to see strange blind creatures that have never seen sunlight.For a break, I took part in some car racing and then skied down some of the most difficult mountains in the world.I ended my travels by meeting face to face with a dinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived the experience!
I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope.Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is one of the largest space-age parks in the world.This science and technology-based theme park in France uses the most advanced technology.Its 3-D cinemas and giant movie screens provide brand new experiences of the earth and beyond.Visitors can get close to parts of the world they have never experienced, going to the bottom of the ocean, flying through the jungle or visiting the edges of the solar system.The amazing, up-to-date information together with many opportunities for hands-on learning makes the world come to life in a completely new way for visitors.Learning centres throughout the park let visitors try their own scientific experiments, as well as learn more about space travel, the undersea world and much mote.I bought tickets for myself and my friends at the park's entrance, but tickets are also available online.Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings.Classes or other large groups that let Futuroscope know their plans in advance can get the group admission rate.For anyone coming from out of town, Futuroscope has many excellent hotels nearby, most of which provide a shuttle service to the park.If driving, Futuroscope is within easy reach of the freeway.Plan your trip well before starting, since Futuroscope has so many shows, activities and great souvenir shops that it is difficult to see them all.Come ready to walk a lotso expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.This was the deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry.As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information.In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street(especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40).He also noticed that some houses(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations.He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.It seemed that the water was to blame.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.Finally ”King Cholera" was defeated.COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY
Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop.Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer.He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them.But only his new theory could do that.So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends.The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.He also
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