第一篇：【新編】山西省廣靈縣第一中學高考英語一輪復習 Unit 4 Making the news學案 必修5

山西省廣靈縣第一中學2014屆高考英語一輪復習Unit 4 Making the news學案 新人教版必修5 【課標要求】Unit 4 Making the news高考知識點 【復習任務】

1學習重點occupation admirable assist acquire ,inform ,accuse,approve等 2學習難點at the moment not only?.but also?.【問題導學】

請根據語義及提示寫出單詞

1.This book demanded all your __________.(concentrate)2.My parents didn't __________ of my leaving school this year and I had to accept their __________.(approve)3.We need enough __________ engineers to undertake the job.(profession)4.His __________ was proved beyond all doubt by the prosecution and he felt __________ about not telling the truth to the judge.(guilt)5.The factories that __________thousands of workers criticized the method __________by the country's government.(employ)6.As an e__________ in that publishing house，he is busy __________ the third __________ of the Chinese－English Dictionary these days.(edit)7.They _______ to engage next month but have no _______of getting married.(intend)8.I'll have to__________ up my English before I get my essay __________.(polish)9.As soon as he was __________ sales manager, he made an __________ with an important customer to discuss about the new product.(appoint)10.All gold can be weighed __________ with this __________ scale.(accurate)請根據語義寫出短語

1._______a story 采訪新聞 2.concentrate _____集中；全神貫注于

3.have a good nose ____ 對??嗅覺敏感 4.inform sb._____ 告知；通知 5.______ one's deadline 錯過最后期限 6.depend _____ 依靠；依賴

7.accuse sb.___ 因??指責或控告?? 8.get the wrong end of the _____ 報道失實 9._____ as to(do sth.)為了(做)?? 10.ahead __________ 在??前面 考點單詞、詞組：

1.occupation n.__________ 課文原句：__________________________________________________(1)He is a bus driver by occupation.(2)Riding is her favorite occupation.(3)The Japanese occupation of Taiwan lasted fifty－one years.(4)No one is yet in occupation of the house.用法總結：__________________________________________________ 2.admirable adj._____________

3.assist v.____________assistant adj.____________assistance n.____________ 課文原句：__________________________________________________(1)We asked him to assist us in designing a new bridge.(2)She refused to assist at the reception for reasons unknown.用法總結：__________________________________________________ 4.concentrate v.________________ 課文原句：__________________________________________________(1)I can't concentrate on my studies with all that noise going on.(2)Our population is concentrated in the big cities.用法總結：__________________________________________________ 表示“專心”的詞組：____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 5.acquire v._______________ 課文原句：__________________________________________________(1)The museum has just acquired a famous painting by Pablo Picasso.(2)This beer isn't bad;I'm beginning to acquire a taste for it.(3)I look on it as an opportunity to acquire fresh skills.用法總結：__________________________________________________ 6.assess v._______________ assessment n.______________ 課文原句：__________________________________________________(1)We tried to assess his suitability for the job.(2)She look at the house and assess its market value.用法總結：__________________________________________________ 7.meanwhile adv.________________n_______________ 課文原句：__________________________________________________(1)In the meanwhile I'll visit an old friend of mine.(2)Mother went shopping;meanwhile, I cleaned the house.8.demand n.& v._________________

9.accurate adj._____________________ 課文原句：_________________________________________________(1)The new salesgirl is accurate at figures.(2)His report of the event was accurate in every detail.用法總結：__________________________________________________ 10.approve v._______________ 課文原句：_________________________________________________(1)I'm afraid your parents won't approve of your going there.(2)The city council approved the building plans.? approve v.用法總結：__________________________________________________ 11.accuse v._________________ 課文原句：_________________________________________________(1)She accused him of stealing her watch.(2)Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes.用法總結：__________________________________________________ 用法總結：__________________________________________________ 12.at the moment____________(1)She must be in the television studio at the moment.(2)The market is rather depressed at the moment.at any moment ____________ at the last moment ____________ for a moment ____________ for the moment____________ in a moment ____________ the moment＋從句 ____________ this is the moment to do____________ 13.Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.(P26)(1)Not only do the nurses want a pay increase, but they also want reduced hours.(2)Not only was Lu Xun a great writer, but he was also a great thinker.(3)Not only the students but also the head teacher was late for the lecture.否定詞never，seldom，hardly，scarcely(幾乎不)，rarely(幾乎不)，little，not，nowhere，by no means(決不)，at no time(任何時候都不)，on no account(決不)，neither，nor(也不)等放在句首時，句子常用部分倒裝。

第二篇：【新編】山西省廣靈縣第一中學高考英語一輪復習Unit 1 A land of diversity學案 選修8

山西省廣靈縣第一中學2014屆高考英語一輪復習Unit 1 A land of diversity學案 新人教版選修8 【課標要求】學會 Unit1 A land of diversity高考知識點 【復習任務】

1學習重點 總結means，occur,apparent 等的用法 2學習難點 熟記 take in, keep up等的用法 【問題導學】

請根據語義及提示寫出單詞(能力提升)1.The __________ of the students wish to __________ in computer at university.(majority)2.He was excited because he was __________ chairman in the __________.(elect)3.As the wages were low, there were few __________ for the job.He was one of the persons who filled out an __________ form to __________ for the job because he needed a job badly.(apply)4.It became __________ that she was going to die.__________，her son was very sad.(apparent)5.What p__________ of babies die of this disease every year？(percent)6.Research i__________ that eating habits are changing fast.7.Why did you buy such a shabby car at such a high price? If I were you, I would have h__________ a car.8.The r__________(改革)and open policy has brought us Chinese people a rich and prosperous life.9.After i__________ the disc into the player, a menu will appear that allows you to choose any music you like on it.10.He has a good g__________ of the English grammar.請根據語義寫出短語（能力提升）

1.live __________ 繼續存在；繼續生存

2.by means __________? 用??辦法；借助??

3.keep __________ 堅持；維持；沿襲(風俗、傳統等)4.team up __________ 與??合作或一起工作

5.take __________ 包括；吸收

6.apply __________ 申請；請示得到

7.a great / good __________ 許多；很多

8.mark __________ 畫線；標出界限

9.make a __________習慣新的生活方式、工作等 10.back __________ back 背靠背 考點單詞

1.means n.meaning n.meaningful adj.meaningless adj.2.occur vi.（能力提升）原句再現________________________________________(1)Earthquakes occur frequently in this area.(2)It didn't occur to him that she would refuse his invitation.(3)Do giraffes occur in Africa only? 用法歸納_____________________________________________ 表示“某人突然想起??”的其他句型：(拓展創新)_______________________________________________________________ 3.apparent adj.同義詞：()apparently adv.appear vi.appearance n.原句再現____________________________________________________(1)The apparent truth was really a lie.(2)It is apparent that iron is different from steel.用法歸納_____________________________________________()It was __________ from her face that she was really upset.Better leave her alone.A.racial B.abundant C.flexible D.Apparent 考點短語

1.keep up_______________________(能力提升)(1)Keep up your courage.(2)If you cannot keep up, I can walk more slowly.keep短語總結：

keep back keep(on)doing sth.keep on keep sb.from doing sth.keep out of? keep to sth.keep up with 用正確的介詞或副詞填空

(1)She kept __________ working although she was tired.(2)The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices __________.(3)A certain percentage of your salary is kept __________ by your boss.(4)She wore a hat to keep the sun __________ of her eyes.2.take in_____________________________(1)Fish take in oxygen through their gills.(2)Don't let yourself be taken in by his tricks.根據句意填入take相關的正確短語

(1)Anything you say may be taken __________ and used as evidence.(2)Her time is fully taken __________ with writing.(3)The company began to take __________ new staff.(4)Don't be taken __________ by his charming manner.3.Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.（拓展創新）

本句的正常語序應為No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California.其中what we now know as California 是一個賓語從句，充當介詞in的賓語。

例如：A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.The way he did it was different from what we were used to.()(2010·山東)Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.A.why B.What C.how D.Which 【問題反饋】

第三篇：【新編】山西省廣靈縣第一中學高考英語一輪復習Unit 4 astronomy the science of stars學案 必修3

山西省廣靈縣第一中學2014屆高考英語一輪復習Unit 4 astronomy the science of stars學案 新人教版必修3 【課標要求】Unit 4 高考知識點 【復習任務】

1學習重點atmosphere。Pull。puzzle cheer。in time.break out.watch out 2學習難點 more than.now that.come on 【問題導學】

(單元重點詞匯）請根據語義及提示寫出單詞 “What happened？” John’s mother asked him in a________(溫和的)voice..2.Before the Earth’s protective__(大氣層)was formed，there was no life except in the sea.3.With the________(引力)of the moon and the sun each day，tides(潮汐)roll in and roll away.4．Smoking________(乘，增加)the risk of heart attacks and other health problems.5．Eating too many desserts can be________(有害的)to one’s teeth.6．Global warming and__(氣候)change problems are perhaps the greatest threats to our planet.7．According to the________(理論)of relativity(相對論)，nothing can travel faster than light.8．Most of the evidence had been destroyed.________(因此，于是)，it was almost impossible to prove him guilty.9.Health __________(依賴于)upon good food, fresh air and enough sleep.（單元重點短語）請根據語義寫出短語

____system 太陽系 2.___time 及時，最終3.____ birth to 生(孩子)4.____? from 阻止5.____out 阻擋 6.______up 歡呼雀躍

7.__________ that 既然 8.__________ out 爆發 考點單詞

1.atmosphere n．_________________ 教材原句P25：They were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.翻譯：

①The waste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick.②The simple atmosphere of the office calmed me.③Ever since their quarrel，there has been an unpleasant atmosphere in the office.1.(湖北高考)The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly________.A．atmosphere B．state C．situation D．phenomenon 2.puzzle vt.___________ n.___________ 教材原句P27：How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.翻譯：

①What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.②I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now.③It’s quite a puzzle to us why he did that.④Her puzzled look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what I said.pull n．______________ vt._______________ 教材原句P30：As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.翻譯： ①He pulled the door open and rushed out.②The police car signalled to us to pull in.③We waved as the train pulled out of the station.④The doctor told me that I would pull through.4 cheer n．_______ vt._______ Cheers!_______ cheer up _______ 翻譯：

(1)It's said that thousands packed the city center to cheer her.(2)Everybody cheered when the medical team arrived.(3)When the rescuers appeared, cheers ran out of the waiting crowd.考點短語 come on ________________ 翻譯：

(1)Come on!we'll be late.(2)Come on, guys!You can do it.(3)Come on!Our future is bright.We will be successful.(4)Oh!Come on, don't lie to me.(5)Come on!Baby.— I am dead tired.I can't walk any further, Jenny.— ______，Tommy.You can do it!A.No problem B.No hurry C.Come on D.That's OK The dictionary is being printed and it will soon______.turn out B.come out C.start out D.go out in time ____ Will we be in time for the six o’clock train? If you work hard,you will be successful in time.易混辨析：in time on time more than(1)more than ＋ 數詞 ＝ over ＋ 數詞 “多于”；(2)more than ＋ 形容詞 “十分地??”；

(3)more than ＋ 名詞 “不只是??”(4)more than ＋ 句子 “超出了??的范圍”； “是某人不能做的”

Well done!I am more than pleased with you.I love you more than I can say.no more than(1)no more than ＋ 數詞 ＝ only “僅僅??”(2)no more than ＋ 名詞 “就是??”、“只是??”

We need no more than two persons to do the job.The leaders of our Party is no more than servants for the people.not more than not more than ＋ 數詞 “不多于??”、“不超過??”

It's not more than a mile to the downtown.You can go there on foot.break out______ 教材原句P31:We watched,amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’gravity increased.比較：(1),break out.break up.break down.break off.break into sth.(2),break out.happen.take place.come about.occur watch out___ 翻譯：（1）注意！前面有一條蛇。_______________________（2）密切注意一個戴黑帽子的高個子男人。_____________________ now that____ 教材原句P31walking does need a bit of practise now that gravity has changed.引導其他原因狀語的連詞還有(1)_____(2)________(3)_________ 引導其他原因狀語的介詞有_____________________ 學而習之：________you are free tonight,why not go to the movies with me? As if B.For.C.Even if.D.Now that 【問題反饋】

第四篇：山西省忻州市第一中學2017屆高考政治一輪復習測標試題二十九

政治試題二十九

考生注意：考試時間為40分鐘。選擇題答案涂于機讀卡,其他做于本試卷 一．單項選擇題（以下各題均有四個選項，其中每題只有一個是最符合題意的，請將最符合題意的答案選出，并填入相應的試卷上。每小題4分，共48分。）

1.隨著古籍整理體例的不斷完善、學術研究成果的不斷涌現，修訂點校本的需求日益突出。在著名學者季羨林、任繼愈、何茲全、馮其庸的倡議下，中華書局于2007年起，全面展開點校本《二十四史》及《清史稿》修訂工程。重視整理文化典籍，是基于它 見證 ②是變革社會的強大物質力量

④可以幫助人們認識中華文化

①是中華文化一脈相傳的重要③有利于挖掘和保護當代文化

A.①② B.①④ C.②④ D.③④

2.定位為“文化中國、文化衛視”的河南電視臺衛星頻道別出心裁地推出一檔漢字文化節目——《漢字英雄》，意在為青少年打造一個展示自己所掌握漢字的水平和個性的舞臺。此舉是基于漢字

①為書寫中華文化發揮了巨大的作用 ②是中華民族代代相傳的重要文明標志 ③對于反映人們的精神生活有獨特作用 ④是中華文化博大精深的重要見證 A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④

3.紀錄片《舌尖上的中國》以食物的味道、人情的味道、故鄉的味道，帶著對食物的敬意和情感，淋漓盡致地展現了中華飲食文化中的美味，引起了世界目光的廣泛關注。這說明

①中華文化源遠流長

②中華文化博大精深 ④文化是民族的也是世界的 ③文化傳播，就在我們的生活中

A.①②③ B.①③④ C.①②④ D.②③④

4.我國至今使用的許多民族樂器，如笛、琵琶、胡琴、橫吹、鼓、腰鼓等，都是從漢代開始由各邊疆民族地區陸續傳入內地的，少數民族的音樂、舞蹈很早就在祖國的藝術舞臺上占有重要地位。這表明

A.中華各民族使用的樂器都是不同的 B.中華文化獨具特色

C.各族人民都為中華文化的形成、發展做出了貢獻 D.不同的區域，文化顯示出不同的特色

5.3 000多年前，黎族人民橫渡瓊州海峽來到海南。他們在這方熱土繁衍生息，創造了璀璨的文化：華美絕倫的黎族織錦，造型獨特的船形屋，用牛角、竹子、椰殼等制作的樂器??其中，鉆木取火、低溫制陶、黎族民歌、黎族織錦等已被列入國家級非物質文化遺產名錄。由此可見，黎族文化

①具有鮮明的民族特色，是中華文明的重要組成部分 ②具有悠久的歷史，是黎族人民長期社會實踐的產物 ③具有鮮明的地域特征，其性質是由海南地理環境決定的 ④具有強大生命力，是促進海南經濟社會發展的根本動力 A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④

6.我國首部動漫音樂情景劇《雁歸巢》是旅美藝術家尤雁子回國創作的首個音樂劇目，該劇以中國水墨為基調，用擬人化的手筆，講述了寓意人類和大自然之間和諧共存的感恩故事。《雁歸巢》既不是普通形式的演唱會，也不是傳統意義上的音樂劇，而是融匯了演唱、動漫、童話等元素。最終以“動漫音樂情景劇”來表達內容，給觀眾帶來夢幻而又浪漫的時尚感。這表明

①文化創新需要博采眾長

②中華文化具有包容性 ④傳統文化是文化創新的源泉 ③外來文化是中華文化創新的基礎

A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④

7.歷朝歷代，許多仁人志士都具有強烈的憂國憂民思想，這種可貴的精神，使中華民族歷經劫難而不衰。愛國的內容十分廣泛，熱愛祖國的山河，熱愛民族的歷史，關心祖國的命運，在危難之時英勇戰斗，為祖國捐軀，都是愛國主義的表現。下列對愛國主義認識正確的是

①中華民族精神以愛國主義為核心 ②愛國主義集中表現為英勇戰斗、為國捐軀 ③愛祖國與愛社會主義從本質上講是一致的 ④愛國主義不是抽象的，而是具體的 A.①② B.②③ C.①④ D.③④

8.自強不息精神反映了中華民族永無止境的創業追求、生生不息的精神活力，成為鞭策中華兒女不斷開拓進取的永恒的精神力量。下列選項能夠體現自強不息的有

①孜孜不倦、持之以恒

③明公滅私、天下為公

A.①②

9.新時期的山東精神植根于中華民族傳統文化土壤，孕育在山東這個改革開放的前沿陣地，體現了鮮明的時代特色，是新時期山東人民開創新事業的重要精神動力。這表明

①民族精神的力量，集中體現為中華文化的力量 ②推動文化發展的基礎在繼承，關鍵在創新

②上善若水、厚德載物 ④鍥而不舍、金石可鏤

B.②③ C.①④ D.③④ ③文化越來越成為綜合國力的決定因素 ④中華民族精神在社會實踐中得到豐富和發展 A.①④ B.②④ C.①③ D.③④

10.回眸改革開放以來中國幾十年的發展，這不僅在于我國擁有“中國道路”，也在于擁有“中國精神”。正是“中國精神”造就了這個國家遇難不懼的定力、化危為安的魄力。這說明中華民族精神

①弘揚了中華傳統文化

③隨時代變化不斷豐富

②是中華民族之魂 ④可轉化為物質力量

A.①② B.①④ C.②③ D.②④

11.“只要我們有根/縱然沒有一片葉子遮身/仍舊是一株頂天立地的樹/就讓我們調整那立姿/在風雨里站得更穩/堅忍地度過這凜冽寒冬/是的，只要我們有根/明春來時/我們又會枝繁葉茂宛如新生。”臺灣詩人的這首《只要我們有根》表明了

①中華文化獨樹一幟、獨領風騷

②文化對人的影響是深遠持久的 ④中華民族精神是中華民族之魂 ③團結統一是中華民族精神的核心

A.①② B.①③ C.②③ D.②④

12.在經濟全球化條件下，文化的交流、交融、交鋒更加頻繁，民族文化發展面臨新的問題，比較突出的如本土文化受到輕視和擠壓，有的甚至淡化和消逝。為此，我們必須

①通過弘揚時代精神來弘揚民族精神 ③傳承和弘揚中華民族優秀傳統文化

②進一步增強文化自覺和文化自信 ④弘揚和培育中華民族的民族精神

A.①② B.③④ C.①③④ D.②③④

二、非選擇題

13.齊魯文化是特定歷史時期、特定范圍的地域文化，是山東人民在數千年的歷史長河中通過融匯各種思想，去蕪存菁而形成的具有山東特色的地方文化。與其他地域文化相比，齊魯文化具有鮮明的雙重性：一方面，作為兩千多年封建統治思想的儒家思想在汲取齊魯文化的基礎上發展起來的，中國的傳統文化更多地打上了齊魯文化的烙印；另一方面，齊魯文化又是一種地域文化，齊魯文化除了具有中國傳統文化的本質內核外，更具有鮮明的山東特色。

依據上述材料，說明齊魯文化的雙重性反映的文化生活道理。

14.歷史表明，中華民族近代以來的復興，不僅需要雄厚的經濟實力和強大的科技實力作支撐，而且需要有生生不息的偉大中華民族精神來推動，正是這種偉大的民族精神，引領一個民族穿越“千年未有之變局”，戰勝“千年未有之強敵”，把命運牢牢掌握在自己手中，開啟了建設自己國家的偉大進程。在新的征程上，無論面對什么樣的困難，植根于優秀傳統文化之中的中華民族精神，始終為中華民族的偉大復興強基固本。

有人認為：中華民族精神是中華文化的結晶，弘揚和培育中華民族精神就是要繼承和發揚中華民族的傳統文化。運用《文化生活》的有關知識，對此觀點予以評析。

2016-2017學高中政治一輪復習測標試題二十九答案

一．單項選擇題 1-----5 BADCA 二．非選擇題（40分）13．【答案】

答案(1)中華文化源遠流長、博大精深。其原因是中華文化特有的包容性，即求同存異、兼收并蓄。儒家思想汲取了齊魯文化的營養，才能歷經幾千年而不衰。

(2)中國的傳統文化更多地打上了齊魯文化的烙印，說明中華文化是各民族文化的共同體，各民族文化既有中華文化的共性，又有各自的民族特征。

(3)齊魯文化具有明顯的山東特色，說明我國幅員遼闊，各地自然條件千差萬別，經濟社會發展程度不同。受歷史、地理等因素的影響，各地區的文化帶有明顯的區域特征。

14．【答案】

答案(1)中華文化的力量集中表現為民族精神的力量，中華民族精神深深植根于綿延數千年的優秀傳統文化之中。

(2)傳統文化有精華與糟粕之分，弘揚和培育中華民族精神要繼承和發揚中華民族傳統文化中的精華。

(3)弘揚和培育中華民族精神，最重要的是發揮中國特色社會主義理論體系的“主心骨”作用，同時還必須繼承和發揚中華民族的優良傳統，正確對待外來思想文化，與弘揚時代精神相結合。因此，題中觀點是片面的。

6---10 ACCBD 11---12 DD

第五篇：高考英語一輪復習1名詞性從句教學案

專題11 名詞性從句

考綱展示 命題探究

考點一 主語從句

基礎點

主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通過放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

主語從句的連接詞

在句中起主語作用的從句稱為主語從句。連接主語從句的連接詞主要有三類：從屬連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞。

(1)從屬連詞

從屬連詞主要有兩個that, whether；從屬連詞在從句中不作任何成分。That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.他要來參加會議使我們每一個人都十分激動。Whether you can succeed depends on yourself.你是否能成功取決于你自己。

特別提醒

if一般(不在句首)引導主語從句。that引導主語從句不能省略。(2)連接代詞

連接代詞在從句中起名詞的作用，作主語、賓語、表語、定語等，一般表示疑問。who誰，whom誰(賓格)，whose誰的，what什么，which哪一個，whoever無論是誰，whomever無論是誰(賓格)，whosever無論是誰的，whatever無論是什么，whichever無論是哪一個。

What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說什么還不清楚。

Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你們當中第一個到達這里的人將獲得這個獎品。

特別提醒

主語為從句時，謂語動詞一般要用單數形式；但如果what引導的從句作主語、代表復數概念時，謂語動詞則常用復數形式。

What we need is water.我們所需要的是水。

What we need are useful books.我們所需要的是有用的書。(3)連接副詞

連接副詞在從句中起副詞的作用，作狀語，一般表示疑問，但有時不表示疑問。when什么時候，where在哪里，why為什么，how如何，whenever無論是什么時候，wherever無論在哪里，however無論如何。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英語晚會將在哪里舉行還沒有宣布。

Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.它們為什么突然消失還是個謎。

重難點

it作形式主語的主語從句

(1)It＋be＋adj.＋主語從句。常用于該句型的adj.有： necessary必要的 likely可能的 clear清楚的 important重要的 possible可能的 right正確的 wrong錯誤的 strange奇怪的 natural自然的 certain肯定的 obvious明顯的

It_is_quite_clear_that the whole project is to fail.很清楚，整個項目就要失敗。

典例1 It is by no means clear ________the president can do to end the strike.[答案] what 句意：總統可以采取什么措施來結束罷工一點兒都不清楚。此句中it是形式主語，代替后面的真正的主語從句，故設空處應填能夠引導主語從句的連接詞，由于從句中及物動詞do后缺少賓語，故應使用連接代詞what。

(2)It＋be＋名詞/名詞詞組＋主語從句。常用于該句型的名詞或名詞詞組有： shame遺憾

pity可惜

hope希望 no wonder難怪 good news好消息

It_is_a_shame_that we should have lost such an important customer.真遺憾我們失去了一位如此重要的客戶。

It_is_our_hope_that the two sides will work together.我們的希望是雙方能夠合作。

(3)It＋be＋過去分詞＋主語從句。常用于該句型的過去分詞有：

said據說

believed被相信

reported據報道 thought被認為 known所知

It_is_said_that our school will hold a sports meet next week.據說我們學校下周要舉行運動會。

It_has_been_decided_that they should start the project next month.他們要在下個月開始這項工程已經定下來了。

(4)It＋特殊動詞/動詞短語＋主語從句。常用于這種結構的特殊動詞/動詞短語有： seem看上去

appear顯得

happen碰巧 matter重要 turn out結果是

It_happened_that a lion was hiding nearby.剛好有一頭獅子躲在旁邊。

Does it_matter_that I won't attend the meeting tomorrow? 明天我不去參加會議要緊嗎？

典例2 It doesn't matter ________you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.[答案] whether 句意：在十字路口無論你向左轉還是右轉都沒關系——兩條路都通往公園。It是形式主語，設

空處應填入引導主語從句的連接詞，從句后半部分的連詞or提示本題為whether...or...結構，表示“是……還是……”。

典例3 It's no longer a question now ________man can land on the moon.[答案] that 句意：現在人類登上月球不再是問題。考查名詞性從句，it為形式主語，后面的從句是真正的主語。由于引導詞在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用，故用that。

[考法綜述] 了解名詞性從句的基本用法，掌握各引導詞的用法，辨析that與what，掌握it作形式主語的常見結構。

命題法 考查主語從句的引導詞

典例1 ________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.[答案] How 句意：我們如何理解事物與我們的感受有很大關系。分析句子結構可知，________we understand things 在句中作主語，是主語從句，根據句意可知，此處應用連接副詞how。

典例2 What Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.________________________________________________________ [答案] What→Where 依據語境可知，此處指有些人對大詩人李白的出生地存在質疑，分析句子結構可知，What Li Bai，...was born在句中作主語且其中只缺狀語，因此改為Where，引導主語從句。what引導名詞性從句要在從句中作主、賓或表語。

【解題法】(1)掌握各引導詞在意義和功能上的差別。

(2)在語篇型語法填空中，考查名詞性從句的引導詞是不給提示詞的，考生要分析句子結構，找出主語部分，分析引導詞在從句中所作成分和表達的意義。

(3)在短文改錯中，考查引導詞的錯用，掌握相似引導詞的差別，如what和that等。從引導詞在從句中所作成分和意義入手。

A．單句填空

1．Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.答案 when [句意：馬鈴薯具體是在什么時候被引入歐洲的并不確定，但有可能是在1565年左右。由句意可知，后一分句是來補充說明前一分句中的不確定的內容的，根據“around 1565”可知是對時間進行提問，因此用when引導前面的主語從句。] 2．I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.答案 what [句意：我認為他的畫給我印象最深的是他對色彩的運用。what引導主語從句，且在從句中作主語，表示“……的”。] 3．Some people believe________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.答案 what/whatever [句意：一些人認為，不管是以前發生的還是現在發生的事情都會在將來重現。此處“________has happened before or is happening now”是主語從句，且從句中缺少主語，故填what/whatever。] 4．________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.答案 When [句意：延誤的飛機何時起飛很大程度上取決于天氣狀況。根據句意填連接副詞When。] 5．________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.答案 What [句意：使這本書非同尋常的是這位作家創造性的想象力。What在此處引導主語從句，并在從句中作主語。] 6．________you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood.答案 Whether [句意：你與同學相處得是否融洽會影響你的情緒。此處為主語從句，if表示“是否”且于句首時不引導主語從句。根據句意可知應用Whether。] 7．It suddenly occurred to me ________I hadn't locked my door.答案 that [句意：我突然想起我沒鎖門。it是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的從句。It occurs to sb.that意為“某人突然想起……”。] 8．As the spokeswoman said，________we should take action against them depends on what they will do.答案 whether [句意：正如女發言人所說的那樣，我們是否應該針對他們采取行動取

決于他們將會怎么做。本空需要用連接詞引導主語從句，表示“是否”，因此用whether引導。] 9．—What made her so happy? —________her son passed the college entrance examination.答案 That [句意：——是什么使她這么快樂？——她兒子通過高考了。答語為that引導的主語從句，引導詞在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用。] 10．________will matter is not how many books you read, but how much you learn when you finish reading them.答案 What [句意：重要的不是你讀了多少書，而是你讀完書后學到了多少。從句子結構看，is前面是一個主語從句，從句中缺少主語，應用What。] B．單句改錯

1．That you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.________________________________________________________ 答案 That→What [句意：你在會上所說的話描述了公司的光明前途。分析句子結構可知，引導主語從句，且在從句中作賓語，故用What, That引導主語從句，在從句中不作成分。] 2．It remains to be seen that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→whether [句意：這個新成立的委員會的政策能否實施還有待觀察。分析句子結構可知，It 作形式主語，而真正的主語是后面的從句“that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice”；再根據句意可判斷，此處表示“是否”，故改為whether, that無意義。] 3．It struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.________________________________________________________ 答案 It→What [句意：這部電影最打動我的是父親對他兒子深深的愛。“It struck me most in the movie”為主語從句，從句中缺少主語，表示“所……的”，故用What，It不引導從句。] 4．Which one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.________________________________________________________ 答案 Which→Whichever [句意：你們中任何一個人打破窗戶都必須賠償。根據題干中one of you可知，空處要用whichever修飾one, 指“你們中的任何一個人”。which指哪一個，表達疑問，故改為whichever。] 5．It doesn't matter how many times you fail;that matters is how many times you stand up and try again.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意：你失敗多少次都不要緊；要緊的是你有多少次站起來并再次嘗試。分析句子成分可知，“that matters”是主語從句，從句中缺少主語，指物，故用what引導。that不作成分。]

6．We have learned from the story that which is most valuable is not what we have in our lives but who we have in our lives.________________________________________________________ 答案 which→what [“which is most valuable”是主語從句，在賓語從句中作主語，根據語境可知，該主語從句缺少主語且表示事物，故用what。which指某一范圍中的哪個或哪些。] 7．It was never clear that the man hadn't reported the accident sooner.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→why [句意：不清楚這個人為什么不早一點報告那起事故。此處需要連接副詞引導主語從句并在從句中作原因狀語，why表示“為什么……”。故把that改為why。] 8．—The manager finally agreed to our new marketing proposals.—It never occurred to me what you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [答句表示“我根本就沒想到你能說服他改變自己的看法”，句中It作形式主語，這里應該用that引導主語從句，連接詞在從句中不作任何成份，也無意義。故把what改為that。]

考點二 賓語從句

基礎點

在句中起賓語作用的從句稱為賓語從句(Object Clause)。賓語從句可分為三類：動詞后的賓語從句、介詞后的賓語從句、形容詞后的賓語從句。賓語從句的連接詞

I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help.我認為你應該向老師求助。I wonder whether/if it is true.我想知道它是否是真的。

I wonder what I can do for you.我不知道能為你做些什么。

He didn't tell me when we would meet again.他沒告訴我什么時候我們再相見。

Could you please show me how you operate the machine? 你能給我展示一下如何操作這臺機器嗎？

I don't know whom you should depend on.我不知道你該信任誰。

典例1 Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________he could have expressed it differently.[答案] that 句意：杰瑞不后悔給出評論，但是覺得自己本來可以用不同的方式來表達的。從句that he could have expressed it differently作felt的賓語，連接詞that在從句中不作成分。故填that。

特別提醒

that引導賓語從句時，常被省去，但下列情況下不能省略：①當that從句作介詞的賓語時；②動詞后跟有多個that引導的賓語從句時，只有第一個that可以省略，引導第二個和以后幾個從句的that不可省略；③賓語從句前有插入語時；④that引導的從句位于句首時。

I know nothing about him except that he is from the countryside.除了他來自鄉下以外，我對他一無所知。

He said(that)he liked rain very much and that he wouldn't use an umbrella when it was raining.他說他非常喜歡雨，下雨天他都不愿打傘。

We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反，我們希望他和我們待在家里。That our team will win, I believe.我相信我們隊會贏。

一般來說，能引導主語從句的連接詞都能引導賓語從句。

表疑問的賓語從句需要運用陳述句語序，但個別賓語從句本應運用陳述語序，但由于習慣而仍保持原疑問語序不變。

I don't know what is the matter with the machine.我不知道這臺機器怎么了。2 動詞后接賓語從句的用法

(1)大多數及物動詞及動詞短語后可接賓語從句。

We should keep in mind that there is no short cut to learning.我們應當牢記，學習是沒有捷徑的。(2)用it作形式賓語的賓語從句。

一些動詞后的賓語從句有賓語補足語時，則需要用it作形式賓語，而將that引導的賓語從句后置。常見的這類動詞有：

find發現

feel感覺

think認為 consider考慮 believe相信 guess猜測 suppose假定，設想 make使得

I think it necessary that we drink plenty of boiled water every day.我認為我們每天喝大量開水是有必要的。

The teacher made it a rule that all the cleaning should be finished before 7：30 every morning.老師規定每天早晨7：30之前所有的清掃工作必須結束。

(3)動詞hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜歡”，“厭惡”的動詞以及一些動詞短語see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。

I hate it_when they talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話。

I would appreciate it_if you can help me.如果你能幫助我，我將不勝感激。

典例2 You can always rely on________Jack says, as he never tells a lie.[答案] what 句意：你完全可以相信杰克的話，因為他從不說謊。what引導賓語從句作rely on的賓語，what在從句中作says的賓語。介詞后接賓語從句的用法

(1)一般情況下介詞后只能接wh-類連接詞引導的賓語從句。He'll talk to us about what he saw in the USA.他將給我們講述他在美國的見聞。

典例3 When she was awake, she found that she was standing on________seemed to be a piece of stone.[答案] what 句意：當她醒來時，她發現自己好像正站在一塊石頭上。stand on后接賓語從句，賓語從句缺少引導詞和主語，what在賓語從句中作主語，that引導的從句一般不作介詞賓語。故填what。

(2)in, but, except 等少數幾個介詞后可接由that引導的賓語從句，但此時介詞和that已形成固定搭配，即in that因為，but that要不是，except that除了。

The high income tax is harmful in_that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得稅很高是有害的，因為它可能使人不愿意多賺錢。He would have failed but_that you helped him.若不是你幫助他，他會失敗的。(but that意為“若不是，要不是”)4 形容詞后接賓語從句的用法

(1)表示情感的形容詞后可接賓語從句，如：afraid, certain, glad, pleased, sure, surprised, sorry, happy, confident, anxious, aware, convinced, determined, proud, worried, thankful, ashamed, annoyed, disappointed, hurt, content等。

I'm very pleased that all of your family will come.我很高興你們全家都會來。

I'm sure that they'll make it in spite of the terrible weather.我確信盡管天氣很不好，但他們會準時到達的。

(2)sure后賓語從句的連接詞that, whether, if的選擇。

當be sure用于肯定句時，其后的賓語從句的連接詞常用that；當be sure用于否定

句時，其后的賓語從句的連接詞常用whether或if。

Are you sure that I won't bother you if I sit beside you? 你確定我坐在你旁邊不會打擾你嗎？

I am not sure whether I should write to him or not.我不確定要不要給他寫信。

重難點 賓語從句的時態

(1)主句的謂語動詞如果是一般現在時或一般將來時，從句的謂語動詞可用任何所需要的時態。

He says that he studies at school from Monday to Friday.他說他從周一至周五都在學校學習。

He will tell us what happened to him during our absence.他會告訴我們我們不在的期間他出了什么事的。

(2)主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時時，從句的謂語動詞要用相應的過去時態。The boy said that there were no classes on Sunday afternoon.那個男孩說周日下午沒有課。

My Chinese teacher asked me if I was reading the book Red and Black when he came in.我的語文老師問我他進來時我是否在讀《紅與黑》這本書。

(3)如果從句表示客觀事實或真理，不管主句的謂語動詞是何種時態，從句都要用一般現在時。

As a child, I was told that the moon has no light of its own.I didn't believe it.孩提時，人們告訴我月亮自身不會發光，我不相信。

特別提醒

學習賓語從句的時態的有關知識時要注意：若主句的謂語動詞用一般現在時，從句的謂語動詞須根據需要選用相應的時態；若主句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，則從句的謂語動詞也應用過去的某種時態(一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時)；若從句的內容為客觀事實、格言、諺語、真理等，從句的謂語動詞的時態不受動詞時態一致性原則的限制，仍然用一般現在時；若從句的內容為歷史事實，從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時。賓語從句的否定轉移

(1)主句主語是第一人稱，謂語動詞think, believe, suppose, imagine, guess等后面的賓語從句中的否定詞要轉移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定形式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定形式。

I don't_think I can remember the 100 words within two hours.我想我不能在兩小時內記住這100個單詞。I don't_suppose that he likes it.我想他不喜歡它。

(2)含有否定轉移的句子變反意疑問句時有兩種情況：若主句主語是第一人稱，簡短問

句的主語和謂語應分別與賓語從句的主語和謂語保持一致；若主句主語不是第一人稱，簡短問句的主語和謂語應分別與主句的主語和謂語保持一致。

I don't_think(that)he is interested in that thing, is he? 我認為他對那件事不感興趣，是嗎？

You don't_imagine he passed the exam, do you? 你認為他沒有通過這次考試，是嗎？

“I don't think/believe/suppose/expect so.”是常見的表達，但是沒有“I don't hope/guess so.”，正確的表達應為“I hope/guess not.”。

[考法綜述] 考查賓語從句主要集中在對引導賓語從句的各引導詞的考查上，以及it作形式賓語的賓語從句的考查。

命題法 考查賓語從句的引導詞

典例1 I truly believe ________beauty comes from within.[答案] that 句意：我真的相信美是發自內心的。分析句子結構可知，________beauty comes from within在句中作believe的賓語，是賓語從句，不缺少句子成分，故填that。

典例2 As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly what thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.________________________________________________________ [答案] what→how 根據語境和形容詞thick可知應用how引導賓語從句，表示程度。此處表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墻需要“多”厚。故把what改為how。

【解題法】(1)分析句子結構，找出主句謂語，判斷從句類別。掌握各引導詞在意義、功能上的差別。

(2)在語篇型語法填空中，要分析設空處在從句中的成分和意義，結合整個主句的結構和意義，從而找到合適的引導詞。

(3)在短文改錯中，先分析主句結構，再分析從句的類別，熟記各引導詞的特點，找出使用錯誤的引導詞，并改正。

A．單句填空

1．The exhibition tells us ________we should do something to stop air pollution.答案 why [句意：該展覽告訴我們為什么我們要采取措施阻止空氣污染。根據句意以及句子結構可知，空格處用why引導賓語從句。] 2．—I wonder ________Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.答案 how [根據答語“By working out every day”可知，空格處用how 來引導賓語從句，表示方式。] 3．Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.答案 what [句意：讀著她的自傳，我對Doris Lessing 在文學上已經取得的成就贊嘆不已。根據句子結構來判斷，for后接一個賓語從句，而從句中缺少賓語，所以要用what。] 4．We must find out________Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.答案 when [句意：我們一定要搞清楚Karl什么時候來，以便我們給他訂房間。由句意可知，要給Karl訂房間，那么就要清楚他來這里的時間，故填when。] 5．Susan made it clear to me ________ she wished to make a new life for herself.答案 that [句意：蘇珊清楚地向我表明，她希望自己開始一種新的生活。it為形式賓語，設空處引導的賓語從句為真正的賓語。從句結構和句意完整，故用that。] 6．After a long journey, those young men finally reached ________they called the paradise.答案 what [句意：長途跋涉后，這些年輕人最終到達了他們稱之為天堂的地方。“________they called the paradise”是賓語從句，作reach的賓語，在從句中call缺賓語，故用what引導賓語從句同時作從句中call的賓語。] 7．The 3G cellphone must be of great use and convenience to________wants to get the information through the Internet quickly.答案 whoever [句意：3G手機對于那些想要快速瀏覽網絡獲取信息的人來說一定是非常方便實用的。whoever引導賓語從句作介詞to的賓語，且whoever在從句中作主語，相當于anyone who。] 8．John seemed puzzled about________the question meant.答案 what [句意：John 對這個問題意味著什么感到很迷惑。根據句子的結構判斷，about后接的是一個賓語從句，而從句中meant缺少賓語，所以填what。] 9．Mom often phones me, asking________I am getting along with my studies.答案 how [句意：母親常給我打電話，問我學習進展如何。此處asking 后為賓語從句，根據句意可知，應填how。] 10．Are you sure________Mr Li will come to your birthday party? 答案 that [句意：你確定李先生要來參加你的生日晚會嗎？空處引導賓語從句，且在從句中不作成分，故用that引導。] B．單句改錯

1．It is difficult for us to imagine that life was like for slaves in the ancient world.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意：對我們來說很難想象在古代奴隸的生活是什么樣子的。What...be like為固定形式，表示“……是什么樣子”。what引導的賓語從句作imagine的賓語，同時what在賓語從句中作介詞like的賓語。] 2．Pick yourself up.Courage is doing that you're afraid to do.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意：振作起來。勇氣就是做你害怕要去做的。分析句子結構可知，doing后為賓語從句，從句中缺少賓語，故用what。that在名詞性從句中不作成分。] 3．Police have found where appears to be the lost ancient statue.________________________________________________________ 答案 where→what [句意：警察已經找到了與丟失的古代的雕像類似的東西。分析句子結構可知，用what引導賓語從句，并在從句中作主語。where是副詞，不作主語。] 4．Experts believe why people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→that [句意：專家們相信，人們只有在必要時才去購物就能減少食物浪費。根據句意和結構可知，believe后面要求接賓語從句，而且從句中不缺句子成分，也無意義，所以用that。] 5．Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in which they are wearing.________________________________________________________

答案 which→what [句意：有些人太過在意自己的外表，總是問(別人)自己穿在身上的衣服看起來是否不錯。分析句子結構，再結合句意“他們所穿的衣服”應使用連詞what引導這一賓語從句，what在從句中作wear的賓語，指代人穿的衣服。which在引導名詞從句時意為“哪一個”，不合題意，故把which改為what。] 6．Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize what diverse the American culture is.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→how [句意：只有當你親自來到紐約時，你才會意識到美國文化是多么不同。根據how＋adj./adv.＋主語＋其他部分可知，應用how。故把what改為how。] 7．The bride and groom gave who attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.________________________________________________________ 答案 who→whoever [句意：新郎和新娘給任何一個參加他們婚禮的人發禮物以分享他們的幸福。分析句子成分可知，“who attended their wedding”是賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，故用whoever，意為“無論誰”，而who意為“誰”，表疑問。] 8．—Dad, I want to go out for dinner with my friends tonight.—Keep in mind when you have to be home by 9：00.________________________________________________________ 答案 when→that [句意：——爸爸，今晚我想和朋友們一起出去吃飯。——記住你9點前必須回家。keep in mind that...是習慣用語，意為“記住……”，其中that引導的從句作keep的賓語。故把when改為that。] 9．This still leaves the question of that local public services should be improved in the next five years.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→how [句意：未來五年地方公共服務應該如何改進的問題仍然遺留下來。應用how引導的從句作介詞of的賓語，且how在從句中作方式狀語。how意為“如何”，that無意義。故把that改為how。] 10．He seems too tired today, and I wonder that he got a good sleep last night.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→if/whether [句意：他今天似乎太累了，我想知道他昨天晚上是否睡得好。賓語從句表示是否，動詞后可用if或whether, that無意義，故把that改為if/whether。]

考點三 表語從句和同位語從句

基礎點

一、表語從句

在句子中作表語的從句稱為表語從句(Predicative Clause)。引導表語從句的連接詞主要有：從屬連詞that, whether;連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等；連接副詞when, where, why, how等。此外，表語從句還可用because和as if/as though等連接詞引導。表語從句的連接詞

從屬連詞在句中只起連接作用，不作成分；連接代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語；連接副詞在從句中作狀語。

從屬連詞：that，whether 連接代詞：what，who，whose，which，whatever，whoever，whosever，whichever等

連接副詞：how，when，where，why等

The question is whether you can afford it.問題是你是否買得起。

Our plan is that we'll go there once a week.我們的計劃是一周去那里一次。That's what he said.那就是他說的話。

Your big opportunity is right where you are now.好機會就在你眼前。

特別提醒

if不引導表語從句；that引導表語從句一般不省略。

典例1 —When choosing furniture, you only focus on function while I think more about the design.—That's ________we differ.[答案] where 句意：——在選擇家具時，你只注重功能而我更注重設計。——那正是我們不同的地方。考查表語從句。where在從句中作狀語。as if/as though引導的表語從句

此類表語從句可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣，常跟在一些連系動詞后面，如： seem似乎

look看起來

taste嘗起來 sound聽起來 feel摸起來 appear好像

It seemed as_though it had happened yesterday.那件事好像昨天發生的一樣。

It looks as_if it is going to rain.看起來天要下雨了。

特別提醒

as if/as though意為“好像，仿佛”，其引導的表語從句常位于系動詞(如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表語從句所述的是非真實的情況，從句用虛擬語氣；若從句所述的是事實或是極有可能發生的情況，從句用陳述語氣。考生要仔細體會其中的語境差別。

I felt as_if we had_known each other for years.我感覺好像我們已經認識多年了。

She looks as_if she has_been_working hard for a long time.她看起來好像努力工作了很長時間。3 because, why也可引導表語從句

because引導的表語從句，主語不能是reason或cause。常用于以下句型： This/That is why...這/那是……的原因 This/That is because...這/那是因為……

This is why we missed the early bus.這就是我們錯過了早班車的原因。That's because he is ill.那是因為他生病了。

特別提醒

當主句的主語是reason時，表語從句一般用that引導，不能用why或because，這種用法常見于以下句型：

The reason why...is that...……的原因是……

The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他來晚了是因為起床晚了。

二、同位語從句 在句中作同位語的從句，稱作同位語從句。同位語從句常位于下列名詞之后，如： advice建議

demand要求

doubt懷疑 fact事實 hope希望 idea主意

information信息 message消息 news消息 whisper低語 order命令 problem問題 promise諾言 question問題 request請求 suggestion建議 truth事實 wish愿望 word消息 conclusion結論 thought想法

The_news_that we won the game was exciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。

The_suggestion_that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采納新規則的建議是主席提出的。

I have no_idea_when they will be back and settle down.我不知道他們什么時候回來定居。2 同位語從句的引導詞

(1)常用的引導詞有：that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。if一般不引導同位語從句

在同位語從句中that, whether不作成分，whether表示“是否”，其他連接詞具有實義，同時在同位語從句中作一定成分。引導同位語從句的連接詞一般都不省略。

The_fact_that some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a great problem to the world.有一些國家仍然貧窮對整個世界來說是一個大問題。

The_question_why so many people would choose to live in the countryside is still under discussion.為什么如此之多的人愿意到鄉下去居住仍然在討論中。

典例2 I made a promise to myself________this year, my first year in high school, would be different.[答案] that 句意：我向自己保證：今年——我高中的第一年——將會是不同尋常的一年。分析句意可知，空格處引導的是同位語從句，解釋說明promise的內容，并且此從句結構和意義完整，故用that引導。

(2)what也可引導同位語從句

I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.我給了這個女孩一個大洋娃娃，那正是她渴望擁有的東西。(3)分隔式同位語從句

有時同位語從句的謂語較短，而從句內容較長，這時為避免“頭重腳輕”，常常將謂語部分提到從句前面，形成分隔式同位語從句。

My_wish will come true one day that I should buy a big house for my parents.我要給父母買一間大房子的愿望終有一天會實現的。

典例3 The notice came around two in the afternoon________the meeting would be postponed.[答案] that 句意：下午兩點左右，有人通知說會議要推遲了。分析句子結構可知，“________the meeting would be postponed”是同位語從句，該從句解釋說明notice的具體內容，從句不缺少成分，所以用that引導。此處謂語較短，從句較長，為避免“頭重腳輕”而將從句放在了謂語部分之后，形成了分隔式同位語從句。故填that。

重難點 后邊不能直接跟that從句的動詞

這類動詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導的賓語從句。

(√)I admire their winning the match.我羨慕他們贏了比賽。

(×)I admire that they won the match.2 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞

有些動詞不可用于“動詞＋間接賓語＋that從句”結構中，常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。

(√)He impressed the manager as an honest man.他給經理的印象是個誠實人。

(×)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.3 wh-與wh-ever引導名詞性從句的區別

連接詞what, which, who分別表示“……的東西或事情”、“哪一個”、“誰”，表示疑問含義；而whatever, whichever, whoever分別相當于anything that, any...that, anyone who意為“無論……”，強調一切情況。試比較：

What you choose to wear should be clean.你選擇穿的衣服應該是干凈的。

Whatever you choose to wear should be clean.無論你選擇穿什么，你的衣服應該是干凈的。

特別提醒

如何判斷是用wh-還是用wh-ever引導名詞性從句？

做題時，我們要認真分析語境，看看句子要表達什么意思，如果表示任何一個人或事物，無范圍可言，就用wh-ever；如果有疑問的含義，且指的是具體的人或物，就用wh-。wh-ever和no matter wh-的區別

wh-ever既可以引導名詞性從句，又可以引導讓步狀語從句，如：whatever, whichever, whoever等；而no matter wh-只能引導讓步狀語從句，如：no matter what, no matter where, no matter who等。

I will give this dictionary to whoever can win the first prize in the English

contest.我將把這本字典贈給在英語比賽中獲得一等獎的人。(賓語從句)Whoever/No_matter_who can win the first prize in the English contest, I will give this dictionary to him.不管誰在英語競賽中獲得一等獎，我都會把這本字典給他。(讓步狀語從句)

[考法綜述](1)對表語從句的考查通常是以引導詞的選擇為主，所以正確分析表語從句的結構相當重要。先確定從句的結構和意義是否完整，如果完整就用that，且that不能省略；如果不完整，確定所缺成分，然后結合句意選定答案。弄清從句中的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的也很重要。如果從句中的謂語是不及物動詞，那么后面的部分是狀語，再根據缺少的意思來選定答案。

(2)解答考查同位語從句的題目時，一定先要找出從句解釋說明的那個名詞，然后根據從句的意思和從句的結構判斷從句所缺的引導詞：

①從句意思和成分都完整就用that引導，此時要注意that引導的同位語從句和定語從句的區別。

②從句成分完整，但意思不完整，就用whether(是否)，切記此時不能用if代替whether。③從句缺少主語、賓語、表語或定語，則應用連接代詞。根據句子所要表達的意思進一步選擇用哪一個連接代詞。

④從句缺少地點狀語、時間狀語、方式狀語或原因狀語時，則分別用連接副詞where, when, how, why。

命題法1 考查表語從句

典例1 A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.[答案] what 句意：船泊港灣固然安全，可那不是造船的初衷。but連接的并列句中that's后應為表語從句，________ ships are built for表示為什么目的而造船，what for結構與句子意思相符。

典例2 As John Lennon once said, life is that happens to you while you are busy making other plans.________________________________________________________ [答案] that→what 句意：正如約翰·列儂曾經所說，生活就是在你忙于制訂其他計劃的時候發生在你身上的事情。此處引導表語從句并在從句中充當主語，把that改為what。

【解題法】 表語從句的解題思路

(1)找出主句的動詞、系動詞之后，為表語從句分析從句意義和結構，利用各引導詞的特點。

(2)在語篇型語法填空中，主要考查引導詞。找出空前的系動詞確定是表語從句，分析所填詞在從句中的成分和意義。

(3)在短文改錯中，主要考查引導詞的錯用、漏用和多余。掌握that與what的區別，以及who與whoever等詞的區別。分析句子成分，結合句意。

命題法2 考查同位語從句

典例3 —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it;that's one of his favorite universities.[答案] why 句意：——邁克昨天真的拒絕了耶魯大學的錄取嗎？——是的，可我不知道他為什么那么做；那是他最喜歡的大學之一。設空處引導同位語從句，用于解釋說明idea的內容；從句中缺少狀語，根據句意此處表示原因，故用why引導。

典例4 The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief what you are better than anyone else on the sports field.________________________________________________________ [答案] what→that [句意：成功達到最高水平的唯一辦法是保持這樣一種信念，即你比運動場上的任何一個人都好。分析句子結構可知。此處為同位語從句，而且從句結構和意義完整，所以用that。] 【解題法】 同位語從句的解題思路

(1)掌握常跟同位語從句的一些名詞如suggestion, advice, hope等，了解同位語從句的功能。

(2)在語篇型語法填空中，主要是考查引導詞。同位語從句的引導詞that較多見，也會考到when, where等。分析主句結構，識別關鍵詞，判斷從句種類。

(3)在短文改錯中，主要考查引導詞的誤用、漏用和多余。考生要根據主句結構挑出從句，如從句表示陳述意義，常用that引導，表疑問常用疑問詞引導。

A．單句填空

1．The best moment for the football star was ________he scored the winning goal.答案 when [句意：對這個足球明星來說，進球得分的時刻是最好的時刻。when在表語從句中表時間。] 2．“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.”This is ________my mother used to tell me.答案 what [句意：“每次你吃甜東西，喝點綠茶。”這是過去媽媽經常對我說的話。分析結構可知，此處考查的是表語從句的引導詞。從句缺少tell的直接賓語，用what引導。] 3．—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame, mum.I am________you have made me.答案 what [句意：——真是一團糟！你總是這么懶惰！——媽媽，別怪我。我現在這樣就是你造就的呀。分析成分可知，I am后是表語從句，引導詞what在從句中作made me后的賓語補足語，相當于the one that，即I am the one that you have made me。類似例子還有：He is no longer what(＝the one that)he used to be。] 4．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's________I was born.” 答案 where [句意：奶奶指著那個醫院說：“那就是我出生的地方。”此處考查的是名詞性從句中的表語從句。] 5．Courage is a kind of quality ——and that's ________it takes to face the

challenges in life.答案 what [句意：勇氣是一種好品質，那就是面對生活中挑戰所需要的品質。that's 后為表語從句，而且引導詞作從句中takes的賓語。故應填what。] 6．Faced with difficulties, you should believe your confidence is ________makes a difference.答案 what [句意：面對困難，你應該相信你的自信會起很大作用。make a difference意為“起作用，有影響”；本句中“________makes a difference”是表語從句，因為從句缺主語，故用what。] 7．Don't be sad.The most important thing is ________we must learn from our mistakes and move on.答案 that [句意：不要難過，最重要的是我們必須從錯誤中吸取教訓，并繼續前進。表語從句不缺任何成分，故填that。] 8．I'm afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, which is ________he never finishes anything.答案 why [句意：我覺得他說得多做得少，這就是他從來沒有完成任何事情的原因。分析句子結構可知，此處which引導非限制性定語從句，指代前面整個句子的內容；在定語從句中，空處引導表語從句，再結合句意可知應填why。] 9．The message of Saving Private Ryan is ________humans want peace, not war.答案 that [句意：《拯救大兵瑞恩》傳達的信息是人們想要和平而不是戰爭。此處為表語從句，從句不缺少成分，所以用that引導。] B．單句改錯

1．From space, the earth looks blue.This is why about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→because [句意：從太空看，地球是藍色的。這是因為地球表面大約有71%的區域被水覆蓋。分析句子結構可知，此處為表語從句，表示原因，故用because。because后加原因，why后加結果。因此把why改為because。] 2．Evidence has been found through years of study why children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→that [句意：通過數年的研究，兒童早期睡眠問題長大后有可能繼續的證據已經被找到了。分析句子結構可知，空格后面的部分是解釋說明evidence的內容，是evidence的同位語從句，引導詞在從句中不作任何成分，故把why改為that。] 3．Her only problem, if you can call it a problem, is what she expects to be successful all the time.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [句意：如果能稱之為問題的話，她唯一的問題是她一直想成功。引導表語從句，從句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引導。] 4．The problem is what we can improve our reading skill in such a short time.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→how [句意：問題是我們如何在這么短的時間內提高我們的閱讀技能。分析句子成分并結合句意可知，這里需要用連接副詞how來引導表語從句。] 5．There is still some doubt that the system will work even though all the factors have been considered.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→whether [句意：即使所有的因素都考慮了，系統是否會運轉仍有些疑問。whether引導同位語從句，作doubt的同位語，whether表示“是否”。] 6．People all over the world have a dream whether they will always live a peaceful life.________________________________________________________ 答案 whether→that [句意：全世界的人民都有一個夢想，即永遠過著和平的生活。此處為同位語從句，解釋名詞dream的內容，因為從句中不缺少成分且意義完整，所以用that引導。] 7．The expert's argument what the increasing number of cars is the main cause of the rising PM 2.5 readings has got much support from the public.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [句意：這個專家的爭論已經得到了來自公眾的大力支持，爭論圍繞汽車數量的增加是PM2.5值上升的主要原因。此處為同位語從句，解釋說明argument的內容，因從句不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以使用that引導。]

易錯題一：名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用

[例1] ________ surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.[錯解] It/That/Who [錯因分析] 此處缺少主語，因此考生容易誤用It, That, Who, Which等。[答案] What [心得體會]

[例2] I have no idea ________ he will come here or not this afternoon, for he is very busy at the present time.[錯解] which/that/if [錯因分析] 該題貌似定語從句，考生易誤填which/that。此外，一些考生也許一看到后面的“or not”容易誤填if。根據語意可知，idea后面接一個同位語從句，該從句是

對idea的解釋說明，且由后面的“or not”可知應用whether。if不能引導同位語從句。

[答案] whether [心得體會]

易錯題二：漏用關系詞

[例] She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood ________ ________ he said meant.[錯解] that;what [錯因分析] 許多同學一看便判斷出understood后為賓語從句，第一空誤填that;第二個空認為said后缺賓語，填what。

[答案] what;what [心得體會]

易錯題三：名詞性從句中用it作形式主語或賓語

[例] ________has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to

protect you against serious illnesses in later life.[錯解] What [錯因分析] 考生誤認為此空引導主語從句，缺少主語，誤填What。[答案] It [心得體會]