第一篇：淺談初中英語定語從句的講解教學

淺談初中英語定語從句的講解

定語從句是初中英語中很常見的語法現象。雖然初中英語的定語從句一般要求學生掌握限制性定語從句，但對于初中學生來說，定語從句既是一個重點也是一個難點。而且對初中英語定語從句的掌握情況會直接影響高中英語中的定語從句的掌握水平。

要讓學生理解和掌握定語從句，可以從以下幾個方面入手：

一、讓學生明確什么是定語從句

（一）首先讓學生理解什么是定語。因為現在的語文已經淡化語法教學，對于初中學生來說，即使是漢語中的定語也不一定弄得清楚，更何況是英語中的定語。所以在引導學生學習定語從句前，必須讓學生理解定語的含義。句子中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫做定語。定語可以由形容詞，名詞，不定式，分詞，動名詞或從句來充當。例如： a beautiful city.（形容詞），something interesting，（形容詞修飾不定代詞的定語后置）an English teacher（名詞），a lot of work to do.（不定式）在講解過程中，先舉例說明，再讓學生把這些詞組翻譯成漢語，然后得出結論修飾某個名詞或代詞，意思為“??的”的詞或短語就是定語。

（二）然后讓學生明白什么是定語從句。在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。例如： I like the music that I can dance to.The man who is standing under the tree is Mr Li.引導學生這些句子翻譯成漢語，再讓學生指出哪些詞是定語，并讓學生觀察定語的位置。于是，很自然地就讓學生明白英語中的定語從句始終要放在被修飾的詞之后，而漢語中的定語則放在被修飾詞之前。

（三）讓學生辨別定語從句

在初中階段，學生容易把賓語從句和定語從句混淆，所以有必要讓學生比較和區分兩種從句。例如I can’t understand what he said.He told me that he had bought another new bike.I can’t understand anything that he said.He told me a story that was funny.讓學生翻譯比較這些句子，然后引導他們總結出兩者的不同。

二、讓學生掌握定語從句的結構

定語從句中的句型結構比較復雜，有先行詞、關系代詞或關系副詞。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的關聯詞有關系代詞或關系副詞.關系代詞主要有that, which, who, whom, whose 等。關系副詞主要有where, when, why等。關系代詞或關系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，關系代詞或關系副詞在定語從句中要充當一個成分。關系代詞在從句中可作主語、賓語或定語，關系副詞在從句中作狀語。例如： The woman whose son works as a doctor is very kind.(做定語)I can’t forget the day that he spent with me.（做賓語）

The girl who is in red is a new comer.（做主語）

在具體的示例中，要求學生找出哪里是先行詞，哪里是從句，哪些是關系代詞或副詞，并明確它們在從句中的成分。在分析結構的過程中一定要由淺入深，循序漸進，便于學生學習和理解。

三、讓學生明白何時用關系代詞，何時用關系副詞

對于初中學生來說，何時選用冠詞代詞或關系副詞是定語從句中的一個難點。例如：I can’t forget the day _______ he spent with me.又如：The river ______ they are swimming is very dirty.The river ________ they are swimming in is very dirty.不少學生是憑借感覺來完成兩種連詞的選擇的。其實，這涉及到從句是否缺賓語的問題。當我們發現從句的謂語動詞或謂語動詞+介詞結構之后沒有名詞,代詞或動名詞時,我們可引導學生把從句的謂語動詞（謂語+介詞）和前面的先行詞進行搭配，看看兩個部分是否能構成正確的動賓搭配。如，spent the day with me, swimming in the river.如果能形成正確的動賓搭配，則從句缺賓語，故選擇關系代詞，反之，如果不能構成正確的動賓搭配，則判斷從句不缺賓語，應選關系副詞。在實際練習中,一定要強調,不能太看重先行詞的意思,還要明確地引導學生掌握定語從句的解題步驟:先看從句類型,再分析從句主干,再看先行詞,最后確定關系代詞或關系幅詞的選擇.四、讓學生理解并巧記關系代詞的用法

通過講解和基本練習，讓學生明白定語從句的結構后，就必須讓學生弄懂怎么選擇正確的關系代詞了。

教學過程中堅持先一般再個別的原則，由淺入深地引導學生學習和掌握關系代詞。在練習之后，引導學生巧記關系代詞的基本用法： that 指物又指人，做主做賓都可行； which專指物，做主做賓兩不誤； who 只指人，可做主語和普賓； whom專指人，可做普賓和特賓。(特賓是指作提前的介詞的賓語,普賓是一般情況的賓語,即介未提前的情況)當先行詞指人，關系代詞作提前的介詞的賓語時，關系代詞用whom;當先行詞指物，關系代詞作提前介詞賓語時，關系代詞用which.例如：The man to whom my mother is talking is my father.The survey in which many students have taken part is very great.當然還要讓學生專門掌握一下必須用 that的情況。在這個環節，必須強調解題步驟，先看從句，找出句子主干，確定是否缺賓語，確定是否該選關系代詞,然后再看先行詞,確定關系代詞所指代的內容.當先行詞既指人又指物時；當先行詞是指物的不定代詞時； 當先行詞由形容詞最高級修飾時；當先行詞由序數詞修飾時； 當先行詞由the only, the very修飾時。

在教學過程中還要請學生區分類似的句子: The Great Wall was the first

place that I went to.和 The Great Wall was the first place where I went.另外，當先行詞和從句的主語存在所屬關系時，關系代詞用whose 例如：Ｉlike the book whose cover is blue.五、讓學生學以致用

學生學習語法知識的目的就是應用。因此，在講解了定語從句的知識后，一定要設法讓學生理論聯系實際。在學習英語的過程中，只要一遇到定語從句，就讓學生辨別，分析其結構，并讓他們翻譯練習。在平時的寫作訓練和檢測中有意地要求學生簡單運用定語從句。久而久之，定語從句這個難題就引刃而解了。

總之，任何一種語法現象都有其自身的規則，都是在學習中理解，都是在理解中明確，都是在運用中掌握。只要我們引導我們的學生在學習中多注意，多觀察，多分析，多領會并多應用，相信無論什么語法難題都不是問題了。

第二篇：初中英語“定語從句” 考點分類講解

定語從句是各地中考英語的必考內容之一，結合近幾年的中考英語試題，給同學們總結了定語從句的考點并進行了全面的解析，在這里分享給大家，方便同學們考前的再復習。

首先大家要清楚，什么是定語從句？就是指在復合句中，修飾某一個名詞或代詞的從句，叫定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。同學們還要知道定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。常見的關系代詞包括that, which, who, whom, whose等。關系副詞包括where, when, why等。接下來說一說，定語從句考查的重點：

1、考查關系代詞與關系副詞的用法。

選擇關系代詞還是關系副詞的關鍵，取決于關系詞在句中所充當的成分，如果關系詞在從句中做主語，賓語，表語、定語時，只能用關系代詞，如果關系詞在從句中作狀語，就用關系副詞。看下面的例題解析：

考點歸納：英語從句中常見的關系代詞，它們的用法分別是： 1）who用來指人，也就是說，它的先行詞必須是人，在定語從句中充當主語或賓語。要注意的是who的前面不能有介詞，如果帶介詞，就必須用賓格whom形式。大家看下面的例句：

2）whose是代詞的所有格，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物，讓它指代物的時候，相當于of which 例如，3）在限制性定語從句中，which, that可以通用，但有的時候只能用which，不用that看下面分析:

2、考查只能用that引導的定語從句，有下面幾種情況：

3、考查which在非限定性從句中的用法。大家要先知道什么是非限定性定語從句，它是先行詞的一個附加修飾語，是對先行詞的補充說明，刪掉它不影響整個句子的意思。那么限定性定語從句呢？它是用于修飾和限定先行詞，與先行詞之間的關系非常密切，如果去掉，剩下的那部分意思就含糊不清了。看下面的具體分析：

接下來我們，具體看一下，限定性從句和非限定性從句的區別，列表解釋如下：

4、綜合考查引導賓語從句的連詞和引導定語從句的代詞用法，例如：

5、考查簡單句轉化為含有定語從句的復合句，例句解析：

6、考查含有定語從句的復合句轉化為簡單句。

7、考查定語從句中動詞的時態。

這類時態題在近幾年各地中考試題中經常出現，在定語從句中考查動詞的時態，是大家很難準確判斷動詞的時態。在解答這類題的時候，同學們一定要領會語境，然后再根據主句和從句中動詞的先后順序來確定動詞的時態。看下面例題：

總之，定語從句知識點非常多，同學們在復習的時候，要牢固掌握這些基本考點，并進行適當的練習，中考一定會考得好成績。

第三篇：定語從句講解

定語從句講解

一、定語從句的概念

在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行

詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

如：

He is the boy

who often goes to school late.先行詞

關系詞

定語從句

二、定語從句的關系詞

引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞，常見的關系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關系副詞包括where，when，why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。

三、定語從句的分類

根據定語從句與先行詞的關系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、關系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。（that作主語）

The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。（that作賓語）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語）

The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語）

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。（作主語）

Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓語）

注意：（1）當定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關系代詞前時，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

（2）含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個人。

（3）that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。

（4）關系詞只能用that的情況：

a.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個通過考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？

c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？

f.主句是there be 結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

（5）關系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：

a.先行詞為that，those時，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？

b.關系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導非限制性定語從句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。

五、關系副詞的用法

（1）when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。

（2）where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中作地點狀語。例如：

This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。

（3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。

第四篇：定語從句講解

定語從句講解

一個美麗的女孩

a beautiful girl（形容詞作前置定語）一個穿白色衣服的女孩

a girl in white（介詞短語作后置定語）一個正唱歌的女孩

a girl who is singing(定語從句，修飾或限定名詞girl）

一、概念: 在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子.Harry Porter is a smart boy.形容詞作定語 Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.句子作定語,修飾boy, 叫做定語從句 先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。關系詞 分為關系代詞和關系副詞。

關系代詞：who whom whose which that as

關系代詞 ：when where why 先行詞和關系詞的關系

1.A plane is a machine that can fly.the machine = that 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.the boy =who 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.the boy’s =whose The school where I study is far from my home.in the school = where 關系代詞實際上是先行詞的復指

關系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格 關系副詞實際上是介詞＋先行詞 關系代詞的作用

1.代替先行詞;

２.它還在定語從句中擔任一定的成分;

3.同時連接先行詞與它引導的定語從句.（把主句和從句連起來）

關系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的 人稱、數必須和先行詞一致。

① who指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。

The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.分解

作主語 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.②whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語，可省略。

The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.作賓語分解、The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.The man(whom)I nodded to is Mr.Li.③ which 指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。

This is a truck which / that is made in China.分解 This is a truck.The truck is made in China.These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using is made in Japan.The TV set(which)he bought yesterday is made in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from? ④that 指人或物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。

The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.作主語 分解 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man(that)I told you about.⑤whose指人或物, 在定語從句中作定語。不可省略。I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解 I know the girl.The girl’s mother is a teacher.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.We live in a house whose windows face south.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.定語從句三步：

第一找出先行詞

第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀

語）

第三選擇合適的關系詞 關系代詞的用法注意點

(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5種情況只能用that 不能用which。①當先行詞中有人又有物時。如：

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ②當先行詞為不定代詞all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等時。如：

This is all that I want from the school.③當先行詞被only, just, very, right, last等修飾時。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days.④當先行詞被最高級修飾時。如：

The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.⑤當先行詞被序數詞修飾時。如：

The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.由wh-開頭的特殊疑問句

Who is the man that you are talking about? 練習：that 與 which 1)Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? 2)The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.3)Who is the man _____ is standing there? 4)Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.5)She heard a terrible noise，______ brought her heart into her mouth.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用who。①先行詞為all, anyone, one, ones等時。如： All who heard the news were excited.②先行詞為those, he和people時。如：

Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.定語從句練習

The foreign guests，were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A．most of them

B．most of whom

C．most of that

D．most of those He was the very one of the students who

praised at the class meeting.A．was

B．were C．is

D．are The balls are solid，makes them very heavy.it

B．what C．which D．that

The scientist and his achievements

you told me about are admired by us.who

B．that

C．which D． /

He is working hard，will make him pass the final exam.who

B．that

C．which D．it

The museum

we are going to visit is far form our school.where B．that

C．it

D．as

Which of the two sheep

you keep produces more milk?

that

B．which C．what D．they

The weather turned out to be very good，was more than we could expect.B．which

C．that

D．it

Finally, the thief handed everything

he had stolen to the police.which B．what

C．whatever D．that

Tom as well as his friends who

football matches

to school today.likes;hasn’t gone

B．likes;haven’t gone

C．like;hasn’t gone

D．like;haven’t gone We should learn from those

are ready to help others.A．what

A．who

B．whom C．whose D．they 12.I have two brothers，are doctors.A．both of them

B．both of who

C．both of whom

D．both of they 13.Everything

can be done should be done.A．which B．that

C．all

D．where 14.Is oxygen the only gas

helps fire burn?

A．that

B．/

C．which D．what

15.The first place

we visited in that city was a big factory.A．where B．in which C．that

D．which

16.Which is the largest bridge

was built across the river?

A．that

B．which C．where D．on which 17.Please pass me the dictionary

cover is black.A．which B．its

C．whose D．which of 18.This is the very place

I’m wishing to live in.A．where B．which C．that

D．in which 19.She always gives in to those _____ have money.A．in which B．who

C．that

D．which

二、從下框中選擇合適的關系代詞填空。

that;which;who;whose;不填

This is the village ______ I ever visited last year.I will always remember the days ______ we spent in the village.I will never forget the boy ______ ever helped me.He lives in the room ______ door is green.This is the best movie ______ we have seen this year.The trees _____ stand by the river have been green.These are the very books _____ I am looking for.It was the largest map _____ I had even seen.He made notes of everything _____ he read.10.Yesterday I met the teacher _____ once taught us maths.

第五篇：初中英語定語從句(學生)

初中英語定語從句練習題

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which B.where C.what D.in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke

B.to who spoke

C.I spoke to

D.that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A.which B.that C.when D.on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A.where B.to which C.which D.in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.A.where B.that C.which D.there 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.about which you talked B.which you talked C.about that you talked D.that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A.whom B.who C.which D.that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D.with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who B.who's C.which D.whose

29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A.in which B.with which C.that D.for which 30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.A.after which I have looked B.which I have looked after C.that I have looked after D.I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A.why;that B.that;why C.for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way ______I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which B.either of which C.both of that D.both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _____ was very kind of them.A.who B.which C.that D.it 37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.A.that B.which C.from that D.from which 38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.A.that B.which C.who D.as 39.You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.A./ B.why C.when D.whose 40.Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A.that B.which C.it D.though 41.---Did you ask the guard _______ happened?---Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A.what;that B.what;what C.which;which D.that;that 42.I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.4-