第一篇:初中英語教學(xué)論文:論初中英語趣味教學(xué)
初中英語教學(xué)論文:論初中英語趣味教學(xué)
作者:孫井雷
“語言這東西,不是隨便可以學(xué)好的”,學(xué)本族語如此,學(xué)習(xí)英語更是如此。但是如果教學(xué)得法,便可事半功倍。要取得這樣的好效果,趣味教學(xué)可以說是一種好方法。
中學(xué)生這個(gè)年齡的特點(diǎn)是:愛說愛動(dòng),自我約束、自我控制能力不強(qiáng),如果教學(xué)中忽視這些特點(diǎn),單純沿用傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)模式,使用傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方法進(jìn)行機(jī)械地講解,把他們純粹當(dāng)成知識的容納器,填鴨式地問他們灌輸在 他們眼中枯燥無味,冷冰冰的語法、詞匯,他們便不感興趣,因而也就談不上學(xué)習(xí)的積極性和主動(dòng)性。目前,中學(xué)英語教學(xué)質(zhì)量不佳,恐怕這是一個(gè)主要原因。學(xué)習(xí)需要興趣。就某種意義上講,學(xué)英語就更需要興趣。如何激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,并保持它,使之成為他們學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)力,正是趣味教學(xué)考慮的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。
愛因斯坦說過:“興趣是最好的老師”。因此,筆者認(rèn)為,趣味教學(xué)的核心問題是:創(chuàng)造一個(gè)和諧融洽的師生關(guān)系;輕松、愉快的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境;采用靈活多變的教學(xué)方法,讓學(xué)生做中學(xué),學(xué)中用,從而激發(fā)興趣,學(xué)得主動(dòng),提高效率。由于教師的素質(zhì)不相同,教學(xué)對象不同,使用教材不同,因而進(jìn)行趣味教學(xué)沒有也不可能有固定的模式可循。但趣味教學(xué)所探討的這些方面和所要追求的效果是相同的。本文愿就此談點(diǎn)拙見,以期引起同仁的興趣,共同探討這個(gè)問題,來推動(dòng)中學(xué)英語教學(xué)。
一、和諧、融洽師生關(guān)系
教和學(xué)是一對矛盾,作為矛盾雙方的代表教師和學(xué)生如何和諧融洽師生關(guān)系,對完成教學(xué)目的至關(guān)緊要。青少年的心理特點(diǎn)告訴我們,這個(gè)年齡段的學(xué)生“親師性”較強(qiáng)。如果
他們對某個(gè)老師有好感,他們便對這位 老師的課感興趣并分外重視,肯下大氣力,花大功夫?qū)W這門課,因而成績卓著。這種現(xiàn)象大概就是我們常說的 “愛屋及鳥”吧!反之,如果他們不喜歡某一位老師,由于逆反心理,他們也就不愿學(xué)或不學(xué)這位老師的課。
這種現(xiàn)象也是大家司空見慣的。所以,教師要深入學(xué)生,和學(xué)生打成一片,了解學(xué)生的興趣,愛好,喜怒哀樂 情緒的變化,時(shí)時(shí)處處關(guān)心學(xué)生,愛護(hù)學(xué)生,尊重學(xué)生,有的放矢地幫助學(xué)生。讓你在學(xué)生的眼中不僅是一位 可敬的師長,更是他們可親可近的親密朋友。當(dāng)然,這并非說他們的缺點(diǎn)不可批評,可以聽之任之。而是批評 和表揚(yáng)是出于同一個(gè)目的的愛護(hù)他們。因而批評的方式比批評本身更重要。要讓他們不傷自尊心,人格不受侮 辱。從內(nèi)心讓他們感到教師的批評是誠摯的愛,由衷的愛護(hù)和幫助。這樣,也只有這樣師生才能關(guān)系和諧,感 情融洽,興趣盎然地進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。
二、創(chuàng)造一個(gè)輕松愉快的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境
傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)模式和方法,總是教師“一言堂”,課堂上教師總是向?qū)W生灌輸,學(xué)生始終處于消極、被動(dòng)的 學(xué)習(xí)地位,沒有什么輕松、愉快而言,因而也就無興趣可談。即使那些認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生,也無非把自己當(dāng)作知 識的記憶器,為分?jǐn)?shù)不得已而為之。但就多數(shù)而言,由于不感興趣也就逐漸放棄英語學(xué)習(xí),從而導(dǎo)至“兩極分 化”,教學(xué)質(zhì)量不佳。
課堂環(huán)境如何,對于激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣影響極大,教師的責(zé)任在于為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造輕松、愉快的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。為了做到這一點(diǎn),教師要以滿腔的熱情,全心地投入課堂教學(xué),儀表要灑脫,精神要保滿,表情要輕松愉快,目光要親切,態(tài)度要和藹,舉止要大方、文雅,言吐要簡潔,語言要純正、地道、流利,書法要規(guī)范、漂亮,版面設(shè)計(jì)要合理醒目等。
為了淡化傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)給人們的印象。要“寓教于樂”“動(dòng)靜結(jié)合”“學(xué)用結(jié)合”“師生配合”。
課前,可根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容,由教師用學(xué)生聽懂和大致聽懂的英語講一個(gè)幽默笑話,一則諺語,或由學(xué)生進(jìn)行 課前三分鐘英語會(huì)話練習(xí),自由演講,自由談,集體唱一首英語歌曲。從而活躍氣氛,激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣。完成教 學(xué)前的預(yù)熱活動(dòng)。
英語有一則諺語說,“良好的開端,就是成功了一半。”(A good beginning is half done),導(dǎo)入新課 要講究藝術(shù)。根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容你可設(shè)置一個(gè)懸念吸學(xué)生;也可提出一個(gè)發(fā)人深思的問題,抓住學(xué)生;也可從直觀教具和演示開始。教學(xué)中,不能課本搬家,大聲念一遍,小聲念一遍,就算進(jìn)行了教學(xué)。要善于用教室的人和 物、直觀教具如圖片、掛圖、簡筆畫,設(shè)置情景。語言總是和情景連在一起的,沒有沒情景的語言,有了情景學(xué)生才印象深刻、聲形意有機(jī)結(jié)合,學(xué)得才有趣,掌握才準(zhǔn)確。教師講解節(jié)忌繁、雜、重,(即繁瑣、雜亂、重復(fù))。要精講,長則生厭。要變講為提問,學(xué)生大量的時(shí)間是參與而不是旁觀者,學(xué)中用,用中學(xué)。只有這樣學(xué)生才感興趣。要注意在實(shí)踐中滿足學(xué)生的“成功欲”,不同水平,不同層次的問題和語言材料,要由不同水平,不同層次的學(xué)生實(shí)踐。這樣,每個(gè)學(xué)生都可品嘗成功的喜悅和成就感。從而情趣大振,熱情倍增。一旦學(xué)生出了差錯(cuò),不要埋怨訓(xùn)斥、責(zé)怪,要注意糾正錯(cuò)誤的技巧保護(hù)學(xué)生的積極性不受挫折。一堂課就是一個(gè)完整的藝術(shù)品,不僅要有一個(gè)好的開始和發(fā)展,也要有一個(gè)好的結(jié)尾。根據(jù)不同的情況下課前可給學(xué)生設(shè)置一個(gè)新的“懸念”,留一個(gè)耐人尋味的問題,放一遍課文錄音,讓學(xué)生小結(jié)一下課堂主要內(nèi)容,唱一首歌曲等。
總之,一堂課,始終要讓學(xué)生學(xué)得輕松愉快、興趣盎然。
三、教學(xué)方法要靈活多樣,充滿情趣
單一的教學(xué)方法是乏味的。既使是一個(gè)好的方法,經(jīng)常用也就失去了它的魅力。為了激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣,保持學(xué)生的興趣,鞏固學(xué)生的興趣,教師要認(rèn)真鉆研教材,根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容的不同,如初學(xué)、鞏固、和復(fù)習(xí),就不能用一樣的方法,這就要求教師付出心血,不斷地探索,不斷地追求。在教學(xué)中,這應(yīng)該是教師大有作為的地方。
比如教字母吧,26個(gè)字母說起來很簡單,但真正教得快、教得準(zhǔn)、教得好,讓學(xué)生學(xué)得有趣味,也并非 每一位教師都能這樣做的。有人照本宣科,每次幾個(gè)字母,依次教完就過去了。可有人把字母做成卡片讓學(xué)生做字母排隊(duì)游戲,分組進(jìn)行字母排隊(duì)比賽,教唱字母歌。這樣做學(xué)生學(xué)得快而好,還鍛煉學(xué)生的觀察能力,反應(yīng)靈敏能力,集體觀念。兩種做法,兩種效果,前者索然無味,后者樂融融。開始教單詞,我們可充分利用直觀教具,比如教Foot ball,我們指著足球:“What‘s this? It’s a football.football、football再重 復(fù)一下,足球的音形意深深印在學(xué)生腦子里,以后看到足球就會(huì)脫口而出football,football,而不需要漢語 翻譯作中介;教詞匯也在教思維。如果進(jìn)行詞匯復(fù)習(xí),我們可進(jìn)行”Guess “比如復(fù)習(xí)bell,football,pen,book,car,jeep等名詞。我們便可把準(zhǔn)備好的小實(shí)物、圖片、模型放在講臺上,先讓學(xué)生看一下,然后放到講臺下,密秘放地把一件比如book放在一個(gè)準(zhǔn)備好的大袋子里,然后拿出,用學(xué)生已學(xué)過的句型問:T:What‘s in my bag?學(xué)生猜后回答(宜單人進(jìn)行)
S:It‘s a football 如果答不對,就說
T:No,it isn’t 接著問另一個(gè)學(xué)生。
T:What‘s it?學(xué)生猜答
S:It’s a book 猜對子,教師鼓勵(lì)這個(gè)學(xué)生說
T:Yes,you‘re right(如果學(xué)了 Clever 還可進(jìn)一步說
T:Yon are very clever.然后再換一件繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。如此等等,既復(fù)習(xí)了單詞,也熟悉了句型,既練了聽,也練了說,而且學(xué)生不以學(xué)為苦,而是興趣濃厚地參于。
教句子開始可進(jìn)行聽力比賽,看誰最先說出所聽的句子,看誰讀得好。進(jìn)而進(jìn)行單詞組句比賽等等,都可提高學(xué)生興趣,比老師一遍一遍地講,學(xué)生一遍一遍地讀,效果好得多。
教課文,可根據(jù)不同體裁和內(nèi)容在不同階段上,可采用模擬對話,扮演角色,講故事,述大意、改變?nèi)朔Q,變對話為敘述,變敘述為對話,即興口頭作文,看圖說話,組句成文等多種形式。這樣就會(huì)把死教材活用,學(xué)生學(xué)得興趣濃,用的機(jī)會(huì)多,效果必然好。
四、課內(nèi)外相結(jié)合
英語教學(xué)應(yīng)主要放在課內(nèi),向45分鐘要質(zhì)量。但要學(xué)好英語光靠每周幾次英語課是不夠的。所以,我們 還要大力開展課外教學(xué)活動(dòng)。但這種話動(dòng),不應(yīng)是課內(nèi)教學(xué)的繼續(xù),也不應(yīng)是無組織的放任自流。教師應(yīng)根據(jù)不同的班級,不同層次,不同水平,不同愛好的同學(xué),進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)亟M織。比如,有目地的培養(yǎng)骨干,開展英語 游戲、開演唱會(huì)、朗誦會(huì),講演比賽,識詞默寫比賽,作文比賽,聽力比賽,等等,既可各班進(jìn)行,也可同年級、全校進(jìn)行。其目的是活躍學(xué)生課外生活,鞏固課內(nèi)學(xué)的知識,創(chuàng)造英語的氣氛,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)英語興趣,使課內(nèi)外結(jié)合,相得益彰。
學(xué)生對英語學(xué)科一旦產(chǎn)生濃厚的興趣,隨之就會(huì)激發(fā)起強(qiáng)烈的求知欲,就會(huì)自覺地去學(xué)習(xí)。牛津英語教材在教學(xué)中有其特殊性,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣尤為重要。我在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中是這樣做的:
一、利用實(shí)物,引發(fā)興趣
在初級階段的語言訓(xùn)練中充分利用日常生活中常見的實(shí)物,學(xué)習(xí)它們的名稱,描繪它們的形狀、顏色、性質(zhì)、用途等,讓學(xué)生在愉快輕松的氣氛中掌握英語語言知識和語言技能。因?yàn)檫@些實(shí)物,貼近學(xué)生的生活,學(xué)生會(huì)特別感興趣。如教食品的名稱時(shí),事先準(zhǔn)備一些食物,上課時(shí)拿出來和學(xué)生一起看一起說。說完單詞,然后再和學(xué)生一起討論一日三餐,邊拿邊說,這些實(shí)物色彩鮮明,形象生動(dòng),可以集中學(xué)生的注意力,給學(xué)生留下了深刻的印象。這樣做,消除了學(xué)生開始學(xué)習(xí)英語時(shí)認(rèn)為英語難學(xué)的心理障礙,使他們的思維活躍,處于最佳的學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài),能當(dāng)堂記熟所學(xué)內(nèi)容,教學(xué)效果良好。
二、創(chuàng)設(shè)情景,激發(fā)興趣
在教學(xué)中創(chuàng)設(shè)一些引人入勝的情景是十分重要的。如在教學(xué)去健康的飲食習(xí)慣時(shí),我事先準(zhǔn)備了牛奶、可樂、巧克力、香腸、香蕉、面包等,上課時(shí)把它們陳列出來,讓學(xué)生來選擇他們所喜歡的失誤,然后告訴他們我們的身體每天所需要的東西。然后和學(xué)生對話:What do you usually eat? We usually…(學(xué)生可自己選擇喜愛的十五)。然后再問:How much do we need it/them every day? We need plenty of….表演完一遍以后,教師再用學(xué)生學(xué)過的其他吃的喝的東西的單詞套用句型,然后讓學(xué)生兩人一組到臺上進(jìn)行表演, 表演的過程就是鞏固操練句型的過程。這樣表演了數(shù)遍之后,同學(xué)們在輕松、愉快的氣氛中不知不覺地掌握了新的句型情景教學(xué)。這樣做不但極大地激發(fā)了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,而且使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)了實(shí)際運(yùn)用英語的能力。
三、新舊聯(lián)系,啟發(fā)興趣
在英語教學(xué)中記憶單詞是一大難關(guān),如果機(jī)械地讓他們讀背抄寫,很容易使他們厭倦。因此我在教生詞時(shí),經(jīng)常采用啟發(fā)誘導(dǎo),新舊聯(lián)系的方法,只要能和學(xué)過的詞聯(lián)系上,就盡量讓他們自己做比較。他們紛紛找出拼寫相近的詞,有的加頭,有的換尾,有的長詞把它們按音節(jié)分開記憶。學(xué)生很有興趣地學(xué)會(huì)了生詞,然后再讓他們找出所學(xué)詞的同義詞、反義詞、同形異義詞、同音異義詞等相關(guān)詞。這樣做不但化難為易地掌握了新詞,也輕松,也復(fù)習(xí)鞏固了已學(xué)過的詞。
四、利用圖畫,誘導(dǎo)興趣
如遇到教學(xué)不易帶進(jìn)課堂的物體,可采用圖畫進(jìn)行教學(xué),如一些交通工具等。圖畫包括課文插圖、照片、賀卡及其它教學(xué)圖片等。我在日常生活中經(jīng)常收集或制作一些圖畫或圖片,有時(shí)請學(xué)生幫助繪制一些圖畫。如果沒有掛圖和教具,就運(yùn)用簡便易行的簡筆畫,有時(shí)邊畫邊呈現(xiàn),有時(shí)邊畫邊操練,有時(shí)讓學(xué)生邊聽邊畫。簡筆畫不僅簡便易行,易學(xué)易畫,而且風(fēng)趣幽默,省時(shí)、省力、省料,寥寥數(shù)筆就能表達(dá)出豐富的語言信息或概念。運(yùn)用圖畫進(jìn)行語言教學(xué),形象直觀,生動(dòng)活潑,不僅有助于學(xué)生直接理解所學(xué)內(nèi)容,而且視聽結(jié)合易于學(xué)生加深印象,強(qiáng)化記記,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情和興趣。
實(shí)踐證明,運(yùn)用多種方法,激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)好英語的濃厚興趣,是提高英語教學(xué)質(zhì)量的有效途徑。
以上這些方面只是簡單地勾劃了趣味教學(xué)所涉及的一些方面,如何在這些方面或更多的方面進(jìn)行探討,我認(rèn)為那是大手筆,非本人能力所及,這里只想“拋磚引玉”能得到同行的賜教不勝榮幸。
原作:邳州市宿羊山中心中學(xué) 英語教師 孫井雷
第二篇:論趣味英語教學(xué)英文版論文
Content abstract: language learning itself is relatively dull, and with the student to listen to the teacher tells blindly of the teaching form, certainly will makes students' learning interest disappeared Albert Einstein said: “interest is the best teacher” is interested in power, when students interested in the things, they have a desire for knowledge, to strengthen the students' desire to strengthen the knowledge teaching the language of the cold interest is difficult to interesting as, teaching and do it with how to stimulate students' interest in study, and keep it, make it become interested in studying,語言學(xué)習(xí)本身是較為枯燥無味的,而一味以教師講、學(xué)生聽這種教學(xué)形式,勢必使學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣蕩然無存。愛因斯坦說過:“興趣是最好的老師”。興趣可謂動(dòng)力,當(dāng)學(xué)生對該事物產(chǎn)生興趣,他們就有求知欲,要增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的求知欲望這就要加強(qiáng)趣味教學(xué)。冷冰冰的語言是很難令人感興趣的。正如,教學(xué)得法便事半功倍。如何激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,并保持它,使之成為他們學(xué)習(xí)的興趣,這就要考慮趣味英語教學(xué)。這個(gè)與眾不同的教學(xué)方式會(huì)給我們收獲驚喜的
English teaching of interest
Keywords: learning atmosphere , teaching method , with the relationship between teachers and students, both inside and outside the classroom
Introduction: the author think, the interest teaching is the key problem: relaxed, happy learning environment;the flexible teaching methods;Create a harmonious
teacher-student relationship, and to make students learn from fear of change for love to learn.Make them learn English and lively rise, let the students do the middle school, sentences.Change their learning mentality, improve their learning ability and efficiency.To get the fun of learning.Learning from the class only obtain the knowledge is very difficult, intelligent teaching method is inside and outside the class union, to extracurricular practice, this paper discusses the mystery of knowledge.The so-called knowledge comes from practice, different teacher, the different teaching object will not affect interesting English teaching.Pooling of strength to discuss this problem interest teaching, to promote English teaching.Still can study out different teaching methods, the diversity of teaching methods.一,create a pleasant atmosphere The past teaching modes and methods, and always with the teacher as the center
teachers, learning is always in the negative, passive learning status, no easy, enjoyable speaking, and no interest whatsoever.As the saying goes “a good beginning is half of success”.The teacher should have the filled with enthusiasm, heart classroom, full of spirit, and the students also will mention spirit to focus on a class.Or even if so seriously study the students, also no more than a memory of knowledge is, for scores necessity.But for most, because it also gradually give up interest in English learning, teaching quality not beautiful.Polarizing man appears, such teaching effect acceptable.The classroom environment, how to stimulate students' interest in study has great influence teachers' responsibility for students is to create relaxed, happy learning environment.Environment, teacher's state of mind is a source of radiation.In order to do this, and to put into the classroom teaching, and the instrument to free and easy, energy is enough, expression to easy, and vision to warm, friendly attitude, behavior should expert, gentle, word vomit to concise, language to pure, natural and fluent, calligraphy to regulate, beautiful, layout design wants reasonable marked, etc.Teachers in teaching practice consciously train and motivate the students to learn English happy to learn, good to learn, to learn and pillow and enthusiastic.In order to weaken the traditional teaching impression on people.To “fun” “combining static” “the combination of theory and” “the teachers and students with”.Before class, but according to the teaching content, with students understand and general understand English tell a funny story, a news, or by the students and three minutes before class English conversation practice, free speech, free talk, the collective to sing an English song Thus the active atmosphere and stimulate the students' interest.Complete the preparatory activities for the preschool teaching And active classroom atmosphere, passion for teaching create conditions.Before the teacher to want to use novel class flexible ways to save new method in time to catch, because scene consideration, introduction to new want to pay attention to art.According to the teaching content you can set a suspense suck the student;Also can put forward a question, seize the students;Also can from visual AIDS and presentation started.Teaching, can't text move, read it again, small voice read it again, even if the teaching.Be good at the things and people in the classroom, visual AIDS such as the picture, the graph, brief strokes, set the scene.Language is always and scene together, did not do not have the scene language, a scene student is impressive, sound xingyi organically, and learned to interesting, master to accurately.section must avoid complex, miscellaneous, heavy(that is, the tedious, mixed and disorderly, repeat).To earnestly, long is tiresome.Want to change to speak for questions, students a lot of time is to participate, not the audience of application, and practice middle school.Only in this way a student is interested.Should pay attention to in practice to meet student “success to”, the teacher must from set out actually, according to different levels, different levels of problems and language material, and by the different levels, different levels of the students' practice.So, every student can taste the joy of success and accomplishment.And the large interest, enthusiasm and consider all the students to double the feeling.If, individual students make mistakes, and certainly don't blame reprove, blame, should pay attention to correct the wrong skills to protect the enthusiasm of students from setbacks, but to help him, to encourage his
courage to face and correct them.A class is a finish the whole work of art, should not only have a good start and development, also want to have a good ending.According to different conditions can be set to give students before a new “suspense”, leave a of intriguing questions, read an article, lets the student the subtotal classroom main contents, sing a song, etc.In short, a class, always want to let students learn relaxed and happy, interest is full.二,teaching method to agile diversity, full of interest
fixed teaching method is boring.Celebrity says, taught art lies in the instruction ability, is to awaken and encourage incentive.Teach them to fish, as teach them to fish.As Confucius said, teach students in accordance with their aptitude.Enhance the students' learning ability.But a good method, often use will lose its charm.In order to arouse the students' interest, protect the students' interest, consolidate the students' interest, can't solid from traditional teacher teachers with different methods for others, we must carefully study diligently the teaching material, according to the teaching content of different, as learning, consolidate, and review the , will not use the same method, which requires the teacher pay efforts, explore, constantly in pursuit.Not much later, in the teaching, to show due to master style.1, in the interactive teaching mode
To sing form to make the students smoothly through the English introduction stage As in teaching first book class 43, the emphasis of teaching is the part of speech of the owner of the noun pronouns used.Solve the difficulties that is the core of students to describe the conclusions of nominal owner must be accurate grasp skilled, to separate describe nominal owner pronouns and term of the differences and similarities between nominal owner pronouns.First of all, I will prepared pronouns reproduce the blackboard, use q, answer, the translation, such as the communication way than principle, make students understand the proper use of all kinds of pronouns, then use the old words to fill up, each of the pronoun is a man-made arbitrary sentences, each using different pronouns, three minutes, and then I go down the platform each write down the sentence.Finally, into dialogue song, let the students to remember, finally I'll to nominal owner pronouns summaries:
T-This pen is my pen.S1-This pen is mine.T-That pen is your pen.S2-That pen is yours.T-Whose pen are there? S3-They are his and hers.T-Whose are there pen? S4-They are ours and thiers 1.1 use simplified formula difficulty, make the students can conquer difficulties.When students to the memory of countable nouns and use as well as some, the use of any hope
and daunting, the communication between teachers and students in practice after completion, students are asked to use formula groups of four summary an uncountable noun some, any usage, then appeared: an uncountable noun so remember, three meals a day to swap, breakfast of bread make tea water, lunch paper fish chicken, rice and milk dinner, after dinner to do homework assignments.Above term uncountable, to a few don't forget to add measure words.Some words for sure, sure answer also use this.For any doubt no sentence, an uncountable noun this is.1.2 use brief strokes, charts, inquiry led a, ask questions, invite individual students speak thus encouraging other students begin to speak, and finally achieve the goal of teaching.1.3 with the student to the study the game remove fear psychology.Let the students study the practice boldly.2, in the role play activity experience in learning fun English as a door to language, for students, first before them is the lack of the external language environment.In real life, students have no say English object, more didn't say English consciousness.However, according to my observation of the students, I found that they generally prefer the scene in simulation role, through the role plays, they can their the feeling of life and hope to simulation way, get satisfied.Therefore, the clever set up situation, which can overcome the defects of the native language teaching, and can make good use of elementary school students to the role play of motivation, which make the teaching active more effectively.For example, after learning phrases which mean color after, in order to deepen the students' thinking image memory, can design such game activities and their favorite friends paint shop opened, the teacher to the red, yellow, blue three kind of paint, by the students hands-on combination these 3 kinds of color, to create new color.Then, students can go to the store to buy all paint pigment, the owner and customers around “What colour do you like?” “I like blue/red/yellow/purple...” Carry out creative exchange the customer will want to buy the color that is right, the owner can sell to paint him, or the customer had to another store to buy again.Through the simulation scene, not only meet the students' role playing the psychological needs, cultivate the students' enthusiasm, still well to complete the teaching effect, kill two birds with one stone.3.Use of multimedia teaching a scene
Along with the development of computer and network, information technology has been widely used in classroom teaching, shows a digital network, intelligent trend.So the modern teaching, can't stop in the past “the blackboard-chalk” mode of teaching, and should be adapted to the psychological characteristics of elementary school students, the multimedia teaching means English teachers should fully master some of the application of information technology and let the teaching becomes lively rise, children's thinking is a specific image thinking primarily, and the language is the abstract, so use multimedia provide specific circumstance, let the students understand better..“Nine years of compulsory education full-time junior middle school English teaching outline” “point out:” using the material object, graph, tape recorder, slide projector, television, video slice,movies and the computer to carry on the English teaching, the image is intuitive, lively, help students understand their direct English“ So as a modern teaching the education, will often use pictures, material objects, tape recorder, slide projector, and video recorders auxiliary tool, using the scene and setting up the situation of teaching.In this way, it is to make the students directly, specific to get English knowledge.3.1 in Animals such as teaching, can be first recorded cows, dogs, cats Animals, such as voice, put the tape in the classroom, the students sound and color of imitation of these different animal that sound;And when the tape recorder release these animals corresponding word pronunciation, and they cheerfully loudly and read ”cow“, ”dog,“ ”cat“, in the classroom sounded the ”MouMou,“ ”may,“ ”Mimi“ animal calls and English LangDouSheng, with is a happy laughter, whole room is permeated with pleasant atmosphere.Still can use slides will teach the object or words appear, stimulate their senses, enhance the impression.Conditional word, even can be used to record like machine shoot and the text content in sight, the video teaching.For example, in the teaching
Introduced the contents of the car 3.2, the teacher can advance in the road, parking lot on different style, different styles of auto, dynamic and static car, the traveling engine sound, the horn is recorded.This will no doubt cause students is extremely thick interest, to give full play to their various senses to participate in the teaching activity.The voice and image, and the combination of language and scene blends, make students as if into the language activities of the real situation received a strong face effect.Through the china-southwest, greatly enhance the students' to remember English ability, strengthen the learning effect, to boring language learning into a relaxed video showing.So fun, and students what is there against it?
4.For the game teaching In the life play is the nature of the child, especially children, nature good, move, ready to participate in game activities If can dissolve the game of knowledge, and make the students in interest is full game practice of knowledge, leap to jump in learn English the student is very willing to accept it.This makes them kill two birds with one stone, and they will be more easy to understand knowledge.Though just a few minutes, but it can active classroom atmosphere, and stimulate students' interest of interest.For example, I teach body parts of words face, mouth, nose, ear, I will be a few students call to the board and let them do ”Touch you r hair/face/mouth/nose/ear“ and so on the movement, do right, students of the said, ”Yes!“ Do wrong, students of the said, ”no!“ said: ”Touch your face.“ let the whole class do the action.Through this game, students can be easily mastered these words, and finally they will remember this.5.In personality display activities exciting participation enthusiasm Everyone has to show his to get others to recognize the wish, this in elementary student body more fully embodied.So I take every opportunity to let students combined with his own knowledge knowledge, with personalized way to show yourself, students are very
willing to participate in these activities, learning the enthusiasm improved.For example.Let the students made with rich individual character of the works.The primary school English textbooks in many of the content is closely connected with the student life, selected topic is to the actual needs of elementary school students as a starting point, are students side, side, so can make some design around the content of individualized activities.For example, the study of self introduction this unit, lets the student for a business card design, which include the Name, Age, School, Class.三, the harmony, the harmonious relation between teacher and students From philosophical Angle look on teaching and learning is a pair of contradictory, as contradictions representatives of both sides teachers and students how to harmonious relationship between teachers and students, to complete the teaching objective essential.The psychological characteristic of teenagers tells us that the age of the students ”kiss division sex“ is stronger.If they have a favorable to a teacher, and they went to the teacher's class and particularly interested in value, Ken call, spend big effort to learn this lesson and outstanding.This phenomenon is probably we often speak of ”love house and bird“!Conversely, if they don't like a teacher, because the rebellious attitude, they also did not want to learn or not learn the teacher's class.This kind of phenomenon also is everybody commonplace.A teacher's love in the teaching plays an important role, especially close move and QiDaiGan is not to be lack of them.In the teaching of the teachers to student's concerned about hot, students to teacher's respect, is the key to the success of teaching.Therefore, the teacher should thoroughly students, and students has a genius, understand the student's interest, hobbies, laughter, anger, sorrow and happiness mood changes, those who care about students, care for the students, respect students, targeted to help students.Let you in the eyes of the students not only is a respectable teachers, but also they can close a close friend of the kind.Of course, this is not said their faults criticize not, can leave it as it is.But criticism and praise is from the same purpose of take good care of them.So the way criticism than criticism itself is more important.To let them do not hurt the self-respect, the personality from Wu shameful.From the heart to let them feel the teacher criticism is sincere love and heartfelt love and help.Then, and only then can a harmonious relationship between teachers and students, are feeling well, interest to learn.四, inside and outside the class combined Foreign language teaching should be mainly on teaching in class, to 45 minutes to quality.But if you want to learn English well light a few times a week English lesson is not enough.So, we need to vigorously carry out after-class teaching activity.But this kind of words move, should not be teaching in class continues, also should not be without organization is unwinding, according to inside and outside the class teaching content of differences, plan before class.Let the students to participate in the extracurricular practice do combining theory with practice.Conclusion: the teacher should according to different classes, different levels, different
levels, different interest of the students, in the teaching tache according to the student the psychological characteristics of their respective, accept ability, establish the teaching goal, to encourage more students.A successful English teachers to consciously train the student in the teaching of English the lasting fun learning,.Therefore, to create a relaxed learning environment, organize the student to carry on the wide range of language practice activity, through a variety of means to stimulate the students' practice of heat power, and in the long teaching process always keeps the interest for language practice activity create good time.References: 1.HuangXueYong, the primary school English < http://www.tmdps.cn/YingYu/ > ”appeal“ teaching ramble.”Primary school teaching under the 23, 1998 issue Chinese people's university newspapers published data center 2.HongZhiFang, the play is learn-the United States the characteristics of primary school education ".Yangpu education(Shanghai)proceedings 1998,2,51-52.3.PangShi let, classroom teaching art theory.The education review, October 2000 The people's university of China center published books and newspapers 4.During Ming(Ed.), the influence factor of forming the student main body role and control.The teaching methods and practical art series of(6)the international culture publishing companies 5.Peng lakefront poem(Ed.), the classroom teaching theory, the principle of communication.The super teachers < http://www.tmdps.cn > encyclopedia britannica rollup Chinese society press, 1999.
第三篇:初中英語教學(xué)論文 初中英語課文教學(xué)初探
初中英語課文教學(xué)初探
摘 要:課文教學(xué)中學(xué)生參與面小,積極性不高,課堂氣氛顯得比較沉悶.本人對課文教學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析,對初中的課文教學(xué)進(jìn)行了思考,即可以通過挖掘文化內(nèi)涵,營造課堂氛圍,實(shí)施整體教學(xué),訓(xùn)練思維能力,模仿課文寫作等途徑,充分利用課文的思想內(nèi)容和語言材料進(jìn)行初中英語課文教學(xué),在課文教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生實(shí)際運(yùn)用語言的能力,提高學(xué)生對英語的整體理解力.關(guān)鍵詞:課文教學(xué) 挖掘內(nèi)涵 營造氛圍 整體教學(xué) 思維能力
課文教學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀
《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(實(shí)驗(yàn)稿)中明確中指出“語言知識不單單是語音,詞匯,語法的規(guī)則,還包括概念意義,語言篇章結(jié)構(gòu),文化差異,人與人之間的關(guān)系.”而且多次科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究都一致表明:外語理解力的高低更多地依賴于學(xué)習(xí)者的課文理解力,而不是理解單個(gè)句子的能力.然而在教學(xué)中,卻存在著這樣的缺陷:教師覺得課文教學(xué)比較枯燥,又缺乏較好的教學(xué)方法;課文教學(xué)中學(xué)生參與面小,積極性不高,課堂氣氛顯得比較沉悶;為了趕進(jìn)度與應(yīng)付考試,常常使課文教學(xué)成為單純的知識講授,往往以“讀單詞——講解分析——翻譯——背誦”的固定模式進(jìn)行.教師不僅要求學(xué)生孤立地死背單詞,還往往對課文中的語言點(diǎn)花很長時(shí)間講解,逐字逐句翻譯,只注意個(gè)別句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu),講解孤立的詞和詞組.課文教學(xué)不是從整篇文章出發(fā),充分利用其思想內(nèi)容和語言材料進(jìn)行教學(xué)而是按課時(shí)劃段教學(xué),結(jié)果把一篇篇思想內(nèi)容連貫,生動(dòng)有趣的課文肢解成一堆支離破碎的語言材料,忽略了對課文的整體理解,更談不上對課文文化內(nèi)涵的挖掘,嚴(yán)重違反了語言的交際行原則和整體性原則,結(jié)果使學(xué)生對所讀材料內(nèi)容“見樹不見林”,“對每個(gè)句子都懂了,但整個(gè)課文卻不知所云.”學(xué)生經(jīng)過了大量的課文教學(xué)后,實(shí)際閱讀,欣賞能力提高不大.這樣的教法既不能調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的積極性和主動(dòng)性,也不能在課文教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生實(shí)際運(yùn)用語言的能力,使課文教學(xué)變得枯燥無味,加重了學(xué)生的負(fù)擔(dān),久而久之學(xué)生對英語產(chǎn)生了厭學(xué)情緒.這是每個(gè)英語教師都不希望看到的.對課文教學(xué)的幾點(diǎn)思考與探索
1,熟知課文特點(diǎn),挖掘文化內(nèi)涵
課文的定義 課文(text)英語的定義是:the wording or words of something written or printed.漢語的定義是:教科書的正文(區(qū)別于注釋和習(xí)題等).英語的課文包含有語音,詞匯和語法等語言知識,既可以用作專門進(jìn)行閱讀訓(xùn)練的材料,也可以用作對學(xué)生進(jìn)行聽,說,讀,寫等能力的訓(xùn)練.因此,課文是教材的中心,是教授和學(xué)習(xí)語言知識和訓(xùn)練語言技能的綜合教學(xué)材料.本文所談到的“課文”是指狹義的課文,它是向?qū)W生傳遞信息的載體,其形式上可以是各種體材的文章,但區(qū)別于對話,會(huì)話等.課文教學(xué) 課文教學(xué)(Text teaching in the textbook)可以出現(xiàn)在新授課中,也可以出現(xiàn)在鞏固課和復(fù)習(xí)課中,課文教學(xué)在初中英語教學(xué)實(shí)踐中占有很重要的地位.它具有綜合性,整體性,全面性和系統(tǒng)性.初中英語的課文在體裁上是簡單的書信,日記,記敘文,說明文,議論文等.在內(nèi)容上多為學(xué)生熟悉的校內(nèi)外生活,天氣,節(jié)日,購物,衛(wèi)生保健,社會(huì)公德等.西方的價(jià)值觀,思維方式,生活習(xí)慣等體現(xiàn)在字里行間,往往會(huì)和中國的文化觀念沖突.我們一方面要注意引導(dǎo),另一方面要讓學(xué)生熟悉它們,防止文化差異成為閱讀的障礙,影響獲取信息.如果學(xué)生能為文中的人物,情節(jié),觀點(diǎn)等“設(shè)身處地”地想,就能提高準(zhǔn)確理解,推理,判斷的水平,從而提高整個(gè)課文理解的正確率.如在“Christmas Day ”一文的教學(xué)中,要鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生去搜尋相關(guān)的背景知識,了解圣誕節(jié)的由來,它在各國是怎么慶祝的,甚至可以向?qū)W生介紹《圣經(jīng)》中相關(guān)的內(nèi)容.達(dá)到透徹理解“The spirit of Christmas is really generous and kind.”的目的.再如在“Surfing”, “Under the sea”, “Because it’s there”等文章的學(xué)習(xí)中,學(xué)生對于文中的人物為何如此酷愛運(yùn)動(dòng),可以放棄穩(wěn)定的工作甚至是自己的生命感到迷惑不解.教師就有必要講述“崇尚自然,挑戰(zhàn)自我”的國民性格和“紳士教育”中的尚武精神.2,聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際,營造課堂氛圍 英語作為一種交際工具,對于中國人來說,在沒有特定語言環(huán)境的情況下想學(xué)好,絕非易事.初中的課文多以趣味性文章為主,如果只從文字?jǐn)⑹鰜砝斫?那么故事的情景在腦海中可能僅僅是一種虛像或僅是一張平面圖,缺乏真實(shí)感,學(xué)生對課文也只是一種表面的理解.在日常教學(xué)中,要注意聯(lián)系學(xué)生實(shí)際生活,挖掘現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中真實(shí),鮮活的材料,營造與課文主題相一致的課堂氛圍.在課文教學(xué)過程中,教師盡可能多地為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)創(chuàng)設(shè)情境使他們有一種身臨其境的感覺.例如把一些普通的物品別具匠心地組合起來,并把它們與一定的背景,行動(dòng)聯(lián)系起來,形成一定的語言和活動(dòng)的情景.在JEFC Book 2 Lesson 51 Ann’s Birthday中,可將生日卡,小生日蛋糕,小禮物,食物等帶入課堂,并播放“Happy birthday”一曲,頓時(shí)使整個(gè)課堂換成了一個(gè)party的場景,學(xué)生們情不自禁進(jìn)入愉快的氣氛中,教師就能自然而然地導(dǎo)入新課.全班同學(xué)為Ann慶祝生日而來,他們不僅能運(yùn)用本課的臺詞,還臨場加入大量以前學(xué)過的語句,前后銜接自然,表演自如.通過不同場景的設(shè)置,學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)欲得到了滿足,求知欲隨之提高,課文教學(xué)效果良好.課文是英語課堂教學(xué)之本.學(xué)生主要通過學(xué)習(xí)課本中的課文內(nèi)容逐步積累,掌握運(yùn)用英語的能力.課文教學(xué)既基于課文,牢固掌握課文中新學(xué)的語言知識,又超越課文,把所學(xué)的新知識聯(lián)系已掌握的知識,新舊聯(lián)系,組成更豐富的知識結(jié)構(gòu),并在新的情景中交際運(yùn)用,從而培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在新情景中創(chuàng)造性地,靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識進(jìn)行表情達(dá)意的能力.JEFC Book 3 Lesson46 The universe and the man-made satellites中,教師可利用“神五”,“神六”升天的電視錄象,把活生生的航天資料帶入課堂,共同探討,激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣與熱情,讓學(xué)生覺得課文的學(xué)習(xí)不是枯燥乏味的,而是跟現(xiàn)實(shí)生活,現(xiàn)代科技息息相關(guān)的.學(xué)了Lesson 6“Surfing”, 學(xué)生自然而然會(huì)想到Olympic Games,教師順便引申到“奧運(yùn)吉祥物――Friendlies”,并向?qū)W生展示吉祥物“五福娃”或其圖片.3,合理設(shè)計(jì)問題,實(shí)施整體教學(xué)
新課標(biāo)提出“以學(xué)生為主體,以人的發(fā)展為本,尊重個(gè)性差異”,課文教學(xué)要以“合理設(shè)問,整體教學(xué)”為突破口,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生快速閱讀全文,教師通過提問的方式檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對全文的整體理解,把課文作為一個(gè)整體來教.“合理設(shè)問,整體教學(xué)”的好處是加深了學(xué)生對課文整體的深層次理解,這種理解是學(xué)生自己對所學(xué)課文整體語言的一種感悟.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行思考和討論,不僅僅局限于課文的細(xì)節(jié)與事實(shí),更注重對課文內(nèi)容的綜合性和深層次理解,有助于發(fā)展和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生思維的敏捷性,廣闊性和深刻性.問題的設(shè)計(jì)要注意實(shí)踐性,時(shí)代性,能激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣,使學(xué)生有表達(dá)自己真實(shí)思想的機(jī)會(huì).還可按課文內(nèi)容順序先設(shè)計(jì) easy(T/F)Questions, 然后設(shè)計(jì) difficult(WH)Questions.如:JEFC Book 3 Unit13 Lesson 50是一篇關(guān)于人口問題的課文,文章長,語言點(diǎn)較多,難度大,教師設(shè)計(jì)問題要有層次,有坡度,由淺入深,層層深入.What’s the population of the world now
Do you think the world’s population is too big Why or why not What do you think we should do to slow down the population increase What do you think of the one-child policy in China
Draw your family tree.What can you see from it about the population 對具有故事情節(jié)的課文進(jìn)行提問時(shí),可圍繞記敘體文字的 when,where,who,what,why,how等諸要素,要求學(xué)生不依賴書面文字而對主要故事情節(jié)有較好的交待.3,利用課文資源,訓(xùn)練思維能力
在課文教學(xué)中,教師要充分利用教材內(nèi)容和閱讀材料提供的信息資源,訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的思維分析能力.初中英語的大部分課文都有一定的故事情節(jié),而情節(jié)的發(fā)展總會(huì)因時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)的不同而分成不同的階段,但中間又總會(huì)有一根鏈條將各個(gè)階段連接起來.因此,可把故事根據(jù)情節(jié)化整為零,分層理解,形成一個(gè)個(gè)小故事,使學(xué)生更清楚地了解故事情節(jié),從而對相應(yīng)的人物形象的印象也更深刻,語言的掌握也更牢固.如按時(shí)間的先后順序發(fā)展情節(jié)常出現(xiàn)在記敘體的課文中,且尤以人物傳記為突出.如以“The man who never gave up”為例:文中
先
后
以“Young Tom;When he was only ten;At the age of 12;One day in August;1862;At that time;he was only 16;When he was 22”為順序展開事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)來發(fā)展.在初中的閱讀課文中以按時(shí)間發(fā)展課文占了大部分,如“Because it’s there”, “Youngest swimmer to cross channel”, “Jesus Christ”, “The man who loved dogs”等等.在這些課文的教學(xué)中只要幫助學(xué)生充分利用教材所提供的信息資源,整篇課文脈絡(luò)就一清二楚,有利于學(xué)生思維的嚴(yán)密性與邏輯性.學(xué)習(xí)課文能力的內(nèi)涵之一在于:學(xué)生必須能夠從文字表面深入到文字行間,并根據(jù)上下文作出合情合理的思維分析.學(xué)生根據(jù)課文已提供的事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié),在閱讀和思考時(shí)透過表面文字信號去抓住深層結(jié)構(gòu)和語義,進(jìn)而測知作者的立場觀點(diǎn)與寫作意圖.如在“The universe and the man-made satellites”一文中,課后有這樣一道閱讀理解題:“Why do we say the world itself is becoming smaller and smaller ”文章中并沒有提供明確的現(xiàn)成答案,學(xué)生在回答這個(gè)問題時(shí),往往只是將最后一個(gè)自然段讀出來.這就需要我們幫助學(xué)生去推斷,讓他們聯(lián)用系作者上
一
自
然
段
中
提
到的人
造進(jìn)
衛(wèi)而星的推
作出:“Most countries use these satellites to send and receive messages.”“People can know what is happening in the world much faster than ever before.”這樣一個(gè)隱含的結(jié)果,最后使“People from different countries now understand each other better”.結(jié)合這兩點(diǎn),就可以回答課后的這道理解題了.教材中的信息資料是經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格篩選后確定的,往往對課文的理解起著極為重要的作用.如:學(xué)習(xí)JEFC Book 2 Lesson 39
時(shí),文
中
提
出
這
樣
一
個(gè)
問題:“Why doesn’t he use the lift for the last three floors ” 激發(fā)學(xué)生對課文內(nèi)容的興趣與深層次分析課文內(nèi)容的欲望.教師可讓學(xué)生分組討論,激發(fā)學(xué)生進(jìn)行積極的發(fā)散性思維,基于課文內(nèi)容,又不拘泥于課文內(nèi)容,從同一材料中探究不同的答案.教師要注意對學(xué)生的回答進(jìn)行客觀評價(jià),強(qiáng)調(diào)每個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)和想法是平等和重要的,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生充分利用課文提供的信息資源,培養(yǎng)積極思維能力,促進(jìn)對課文的把握與理解4,模仿課文寫作,鞏固教學(xué)效果
寫的訓(xùn)練在初中各年級的教學(xué)中有不同的要求.但筆者認(rèn)為,基礎(chǔ)較好的學(xué)生應(yīng)盡早開始完整性語篇的寫作訓(xùn)練,即在對課文的詞匯和句型有了較好的掌握以后,布置一個(gè)稍加變化的主題進(jìn)行模仿性寫作.這種模仿性寫作雖然難免幼稚和不夠自然,但它可以避免許多無任何借鑒時(shí)可能犯的語病,提高學(xué)生語言的整體運(yùn)用能力,對學(xué)生將來完整地,有條理地表達(dá)自己的思想極有好處.這種寫作題目的設(shè)計(jì)要考慮到兩個(gè)因素,一是能刺激學(xué)生的寫作欲望,二是能最大限度地利用課文中出現(xiàn)的詞匯和句型.讓學(xué)生把學(xué)到的語言知識在語言實(shí)踐中加以運(yùn)用,屬于信息輸出訓(xùn)練.初中英語教材中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了一些介紹節(jié)日以及人們?nèi)绾螒c祝節(jié)日的課文,有“Birthday, Mid-autumn Day, Thanksgiving Day,Christmas”等,根據(jù)這些課文中的重點(diǎn)句型與表達(dá)方式,可以讓學(xué)生模仿課
文,發(fā)
揮
想等
象為,寫題
寫的“Spring Festival”
作
文
等..學(xué)學(xué)
了了“The football match, Jim’s train ride, The man who loved dogs”等課文,可以模仿著寫以“My favourite sport, My trip to…, My pet”“Make our world more beautiful, The Great Green Wall, The world’s population”,可以寫寫以環(huán)保,人口問題為主題的作文.教師也可針對不同的課文類型,提供和課文相關(guān)的主題和關(guān)鍵詞語要求學(xué)生對原文進(jìn)行縮寫,擴(kuò)寫,改寫.這樣不僅鍛煉了寫作能力,而且反過來使學(xué)生對原課文有了更進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識與理解,課文教學(xué)的效果也隨之鞏固.以上是本人針對課文教學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀,就如何開展初中英語課文教學(xué)作出的幾點(diǎn)思考與探索,初步認(rèn)為可以通過挖掘文化內(nèi)涵,營造課堂氛圍,實(shí)施整體教學(xué),訓(xùn)練思維能力,模仿課文寫作等途徑,充分利用課文的思想內(nèi)容和語言材料進(jìn)行課文教學(xué),在課文教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生實(shí)際運(yùn)用語言的能力,提高課文教學(xué)的效果.
第四篇:初中英語教學(xué)論文 初中英語分層教學(xué)的淺嘗
初中英語分層教學(xué)的淺嘗
《英語新課標(biāo)》提出:“學(xué)生的發(fā)展是英語課程的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和歸宿,英語課程在目標(biāo)設(shè)定、教學(xué)過程、課程評價(jià)和教學(xué)資源的開發(fā)等方面都突出以學(xué)生為主體的思想”。所以在教學(xué)中要突出以學(xué)生為主體的思想,就必須尊重個(gè)體差異,因地制宜、因人實(shí)施。由于每個(gè)學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)目的與動(dòng)機(jī)、學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣與方法、智力水平與接受能力上存在著差異,而傳統(tǒng)的“一刀切”的教學(xué)形式,妨礙了學(xué)生個(gè)性、愛好和特長的發(fā)展。因此我們在英語教學(xué)中要真正面向全體學(xué)生,因材施教,讓每個(gè)學(xué)生都學(xué)有所得,學(xué)有所用,分層教學(xué)正適應(yīng)了這一要求。
一、分層的目的
分層教學(xué)實(shí)際上就是以進(jìn)步為前提,層次為基礎(chǔ),競爭為手段,輔導(dǎo)為重點(diǎn),實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)為核心的一種教育、教學(xué)方法,充分發(fā)揮教師的指導(dǎo)作用,調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性,強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生學(xué)有所得和個(gè)性發(fā)展。讓每一位學(xué)生都能在不同程度上體會(huì)到學(xué)習(xí)成功的喜悅,增強(qiáng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的自信心,提高他們學(xué)習(xí)英語的積極性和主動(dòng)性,最終都能達(dá)到學(xué)會(huì)、學(xué)好的目的,從而大面積提高英語教學(xué)質(zhì)量。
二。分層教學(xué)的理論依據(jù)
1.多元智力理論。美國心理學(xué)家加德納的《智力的結(jié)構(gòu):多元智能理論》一書指出:每個(gè)人都同時(shí)擁有九種智力(言語/語言智力、邏輯/數(shù)理智力、視覺/空間關(guān)系智力、音節(jié)/節(jié)奏智力、身體/運(yùn)動(dòng)智力、人際交往智力、自我反省智力自然觀察者智力和存在智力),只是這九種智力在每個(gè)人身上以不同的方式、程度組合存在,使得每個(gè)人的智力都各具特色。也就是代表著每個(gè)人不同的潛能。分層教學(xué)以多元智力理論為基礎(chǔ),尊重學(xué)生的個(gè)性差異,重視個(gè)性發(fā)展,遵循因材施教的原則,真正體現(xiàn)“以學(xué)生發(fā)展為中心,以社會(huì)需要為方向,以學(xué)科知識為基礎(chǔ)”的教育改革要求。
2.合作學(xué)習(xí)理論(Cooperative Learning)。“Four heads are better than one.”它基于“人多智廣”這一哲學(xué)思想。合作學(xué)習(xí)是一種教學(xué)形式,它是指幾位異質(zhì)性的學(xué)生組合在一起,相互合作相互支持,共同進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng),共同完成學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。其基本要求是(1)小組中成員不僅要對自己的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)責(zé),也要對組內(nèi)其他同學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)責(zé)。(2)學(xué)生們有機(jī)會(huì)相互解釋所學(xué)東西,相互幫助理解和完成作業(yè)。(3)各小組成員必須為提高組內(nèi)共同的學(xué)習(xí)效率而進(jìn)行合作學(xué)習(xí)。
3.成功教育理論。劉京海老師的“成功教育”理論引導(dǎo)我們解決了許多我們以前難以解決的問題。分層教學(xué),為我們提供了一個(gè)很好的實(shí)施“成功教育”的先決條件。在這里,“成功”二字針對不同層次的學(xué)生具有不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。一個(gè)對于A組學(xué)生來說也許是不屑一顧的問題,對于C組學(xué)生,只要他們解答出來就是成功;一個(gè)上次僅考45分的學(xué)生這次考了50分就是成功。教師應(yīng)善于給學(xué)生成功的機(jī)會(huì),并對其每一個(gè)小小的成功給予表揚(yáng),千萬不要吝嗇“Good”,“OK”,“Well done”,“Clever”“Excellent”等話語,讓他們在一次次贊揚(yáng)中逐漸樹立信心,不斷走向成功。
三、分層教學(xué)的事實(shí)依據(jù)
1、學(xué)生的成績。這是最基本的依據(jù)。
2、學(xué)生的潛力。這是一個(gè)重要的依據(jù)。根據(jù)這個(gè)依據(jù),可以將基礎(chǔ)較差但潛力較好的學(xué)生拔高一個(gè)層次來分,這有助于激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性。
3、學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度。一般來說,基礎(chǔ)相對較差,又缺乏學(xué)習(xí)自覺性、主動(dòng)性的學(xué)生,都應(yīng)該分在較低的層次,以便對其進(jìn)行幫助與監(jiān)督。
四、分層教學(xué)的實(shí)施
1.學(xué)生的分層
我認(rèn)為對學(xué)生進(jìn)行分層是進(jìn)行分層教學(xué)的第一步,也是最關(guān)鍵的一步。一定要從實(shí)際出
用心
愛心
專心
發(fā),“對癥下藥”,制定出了符合學(xué)生實(shí)際水平的教學(xué)計(jì)劃和安排。初一我接新班后,為縮小學(xué)生間的差距、避免以往教學(xué)“一鍋端”的現(xiàn)象,在新生剛?cè)雽W(xué)時(shí)便對他們進(jìn)行“把脈確診”,綜合其個(gè)性、學(xué)習(xí)興趣、學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣、能力、潛力、基礎(chǔ)程度等各方面情況,將全班學(xué)生劃分為A、B、C三個(gè)不同層次。A層為優(yōu)等生,B層為中等生,C層為后進(jìn)生,并按等級分為6個(gè)活動(dòng)小組。(每組2名 A層學(xué)生,2-3名B層學(xué)生,2名C層學(xué)生。)在小組活動(dòng)中,A層學(xué)生起著“傳、幫、帶”的作用。但這樣的層次不是一成不變的,要根據(jù)發(fā)展情況隨時(shí)調(diào)整,這樣分層設(shè)組能提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的積極性,激發(fā)學(xué)生的內(nèi)在潛力,引發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī),學(xué)生的英語水平就會(huì)大踏步地提高。
分組見下表 :
學(xué)生層次
基礎(chǔ)水平
學(xué)習(xí)能力、興趣
占總數(shù)人數(shù)
A層
扎實(shí)
興趣濃、有一定聽、說、讀、寫能力
(12人)30%
B層
有一定基礎(chǔ)
興趣一般,聽說略有困難。
(26人)40%
C層
較差或沒學(xué)過
不喜歡、基本喪失信心
(12人)30%
2.備課的分層
在備課時(shí),要突出層次性,注重因材施教。盡可能做到使差生“跳起來摘果子”,讓中等生吃好,優(yōu)等生吃飽。備課時(shí)教師要充分學(xué)習(xí)大綱,鉆研教材,以落實(shí)“三基”為根本,分析學(xué)生,精選題目,突出小型綜合。例如:牛津英語7A Unit1 Grammar(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))的備課分層。在Present環(huán)節(jié)完成之后,進(jìn)入Practice環(huán)節(jié)時(shí)為A層同學(xué)準(zhǔn)備動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空來鞏固語法;為B層同學(xué)準(zhǔn)備句型轉(zhuǎn)換來練習(xí)語法;為C層同學(xué)準(zhǔn)備變換主語來填 be動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞來機(jī)械地操練語法。練習(xí)的層次從C---B---A逐漸深入,鼓勵(lì)同學(xué)間互相糾錯(cuò),讓他們體會(huì)成功的滋味。總之,在備課時(shí)一定要做到內(nèi)容與學(xué)生的協(xié)調(diào)性,為成功組織實(shí)施分層教學(xué)做好充分準(zhǔn)備。
3.授課的分層
采取“大班導(dǎo)學(xué),小組議學(xué),個(gè)別輔導(dǎo)”相結(jié)合的方針。根據(jù)備課要求,授課著眼于 B 層中等學(xué)生,實(shí)施中速推進(jìn),課堂教學(xué)形式也要靈活多樣,積極引發(fā)各層學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī),提高課堂教學(xué)的實(shí)際效果。以 Speak Up口語練習(xí)為例,鼓勵(lì) A 層學(xué)生脫離課本,自由交談,進(jìn)行自編對話(Produce),以 Pair work 和 Group work 為主要形式;對于 B 層學(xué)生,我則有意識地對他們進(jìn)行口語訓(xùn)練(Practice),給他們足夠的表演的機(jī)會(huì);鼓勵(lì)C層次的學(xué)生敢于開口講英語(Drill),一旦有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的進(jìn)步,就給予適當(dāng)?shù)莫?jiǎng)勵(lì)(可以是物質(zhì)的,也可以是精神的)讓他們也感受到學(xué)習(xí)英語的樂趣,感受到成功的快樂。
4.作業(yè)的分層
作業(yè)不僅是用來檢查一個(gè)學(xué)生上課聽講效果的,更是學(xué)生鞏固課堂所學(xué)知識和查漏補(bǔ)缺
用心
愛心
專心 的重要手段和途徑。分層練習(xí),有助于教師正確把握學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)情況,便于開展個(gè)別教學(xué)活動(dòng),有助于大面積提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量。課后布置的作業(yè)也分類為 A、B、C 三個(gè)層次,遵循“兩部三層”的原則。“兩部”是指練習(xí)或作業(yè)分為必做題和選做題兩部分;“三層”是指教師在處理練習(xí)時(shí)要具有三個(gè)層次:第一層次為知識的直接運(yùn)用和基礎(chǔ)練習(xí),是全體學(xué)生的必做題;第二層次為變式題或簡單綜合題,以B層學(xué)生能達(dá)到的水平為限;第三層次為綜合題或探究性問題。第二、三兩層次的題目為選做題,這樣可使A層學(xué)生有練習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì),B、C兩層學(xué)生也有充分發(fā)展的余地,都能享受到成功的喜悅,因而提高學(xué)習(xí)英語的積極性。
5.課外輔導(dǎo)分層
課外輔導(dǎo)是課堂教學(xué)的補(bǔ)充,這種補(bǔ)充不是單純的課堂延時(shí),也不是變相增加學(xué)生的負(fù)擔(dān),而是要根據(jù)不同層次的學(xué)生,給予針對性的指導(dǎo)。課后輔導(dǎo)要兼顧A.C優(yōu)差兩頭,以分為主。對C層學(xué)生而言,除了幫助他們找出學(xué)習(xí)困難的癥結(jié),還要教會(huì)他們適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法,幫助他們樹立學(xué)好英語的信心。而對特長生來說,要指導(dǎo)Y他們閱讀課外英語書籍,如淺顯的英語原著,英語廣播電視節(jié)目等,不斷擴(kuò)大他們的語法知識和詞匯量,提高自學(xué)能力,學(xué)會(huì)“悟”。
五。實(shí)施分層教學(xué)的效果
三年以來,為使全班每個(gè)學(xué)生在最適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中獲得知識,一方面在課下認(rèn)真鉆研教材,針對不同課型精心準(zhǔn)備教案與課堂練習(xí),另一方面在課上充分利用四十五分鐘的時(shí)間,努力提高課堂教學(xué)的效果。不同層次的學(xué)生都有了充分的訓(xùn)練機(jī)會(huì),好學(xué)生不再感到吃不飽、差生也不再感到吃不了。各個(gè)層次的學(xué)生都充分發(fā)揮了自己的最大潛能。避免了學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)“優(yōu)等生主動(dòng),中等生被動(dòng),后進(jìn)生不動(dòng)”的局面。學(xué)會(huì)了學(xué)習(xí),發(fā)展了思維,形成了良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,提高了學(xué)習(xí)的自覺性。
六、實(shí)施分層教學(xué)的幾點(diǎn)再思考
以上幾點(diǎn)只是我在這幾年課堂教學(xué)過程中的一點(diǎn)不成熟的認(rèn)識和做法,還有待于不斷探索,逐漸完善。實(shí)施分層教學(xué),我還有以下幾點(diǎn)值得思考的:
第一、教師該做什么準(zhǔn)備? 教師要不斷地學(xué)習(xí)教育教學(xué)理論,提高教學(xué)組織能力,以科學(xué)的理論指導(dǎo)自己的實(shí)踐。探求一種良好的教學(xué)模式,為不斷提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量而努力。
第二、如何分層? 依據(jù)把握不好同樣會(huì)對學(xué)生造成傷害。要讓A層學(xué)生不“盲目自大” ; B層學(xué)生“我要學(xué)” ; C層學(xué)生“不是被遺忘的角落”.第三、怎樣建組? 科學(xué)地設(shè)置學(xué)習(xí)小組很關(guān)鍵。組建小組要遵循三個(gè)原則:一是核心原則,有學(xué)習(xí)骨干做小組長;二是組織原則,小組人員應(yīng)以自愿結(jié)合為主,要關(guān)系融洽,有內(nèi)聚力;三是互補(bǔ)原則,能取長補(bǔ)短,應(yīng)以好、中、差及男女生相互搭配為好。
第四、何時(shí)進(jìn)行分層? 分層教育應(yīng)有長期的計(jì)劃。實(shí)施英語分層教學(xué),最好從初一就開始,長期堅(jiān)持,必見成效,不可急于求成。
用心
愛心
專心 3
第五篇:初中英語教學(xué)論文_對于初中英語寫作教學(xué)的思考
對于初中英語寫作教學(xué)的思考
對于 初中英語寫作教學(xué)的思考 英語寫作在學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)考試中占有的比例很高,而且好有不斷上升的趨勢,從歷年的考試結(jié)果來看,學(xué)生的主要存在以下的問題,一是偏題或離題;二是表述簡單;三是詞語貧乏;四是中式英語較多。所以,按照評價(jià)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn):內(nèi) 對于初中英語寫作教學(xué)的思考
英語寫作在學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)考試中占有的比例很高,而且好有不斷上升的趨勢,從歷年的考試結(jié)果來看,學(xué)生的主要存在以下的問題,一是偏題或離題;二是表述簡單;三是詞語貧乏;四是中式英語較多。
所以,按照評價(jià)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn):內(nèi)容:
一般我們需要考慮以下兩個(gè)方面:一是怎么審題:即如何根據(jù)題目的要求和題目的提示語來構(gòu)建文章,讓學(xué)生知道:我該寫什么?二是怎么寫?哪些詞語可以用來構(gòu)建我的文章,包括如何選用詞語,如何使用并列連詞來連接句子,如何選用復(fù)合句,如何選用格言使我的文章更加生動(dòng)。三是如何對自己的文章進(jìn)行修改,因?yàn)楹玫奈恼率歉某鰜淼摹T谝荒?荚囍螅乙恢痹诳紤]今后寫作教學(xué)如何進(jìn)行?
一、掌握基本技能 1)注意文章的體裁
我們平時(shí)的教學(xué)過程中,應(yīng)經(jīng)常提醒學(xué)生注意的文章的體裁及格式。常見的文章格式有:(a)記敘文:這是最普遍最基本的一種文體。寫作中遵循: 1)交待要素,即時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件; 2)按事件發(fā)生的先后順序敘述完整具體; 3)敘述要重點(diǎn)明確,結(jié)構(gòu)基本完整。(b)說明文、描寫文:
這是英文常見的兩種文體,以說明和描寫為主要的表達(dá)方法。但要特別說明或描寫的先后順序及語言的簡潔性。(c)應(yīng)用文:
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專心 1 常見的應(yīng)用文日記、書信、通知、便條等。每種形式都有其固定的格式。我們應(yīng)經(jīng)常幫助學(xué)生及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)并歸納。(a)組詞成句訓(xùn)練
英語的句子類型有四種,即陳述句、你問句、祈使句和感嘆句。我讓學(xué)生牢記這些句子基本結(jié)構(gòu),在此基礎(chǔ)上用合適的詞或詞組套入該結(jié)構(gòu),并注意人稱、數(shù)及時(shí)態(tài)的問題。當(dāng)然,組句訓(xùn)練時(shí)鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用最簡單的短句,只要能基本上達(dá)意即可。(b)組句成段訓(xùn)練
我們可設(shè)置一些情景,并幫助學(xué)生圍繞這一情景將其具體化。例如寫“My family”時(shí),我指導(dǎo)學(xué)生寫出:There are three people in my family.They are my father my mother and I.My father is a worker.My mother is a teacher.I am a student of No.14 Middle School.We are very happy.在整理成段后,可幫助學(xué)生總結(jié)出特定的情景下寫作的思路及句子之間的過渡和承接等的規(guī)律。這樣,學(xué)生在練習(xí)或考試時(shí)碰到相似的情景時(shí),就不會(huì)感到束手無策了。(c)組段成篇
即將內(nèi)容有關(guān)聯(lián)的段落組成一個(gè)篇章的形式,仍以上例為證。在講到第二冊時(shí),我們可結(jié)合使用一般過去時(shí),一般將來時(shí)等語法,讓學(xué)生寫出更長的段落來;到了第三冊還可融入完成時(shí)及被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)等的使用。這樣層層遞進(jìn),自然就可以拓展文章的篇幅與深度了。
二、多讀
讀是英語教學(xué)的主要目的之一。語文里有句話叫做,讀的重要性由此可見一斑。同樣,在學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中,我們應(yīng)注意學(xué)生朗讀能力的提高。因?yàn)橛⒄Z是一種有聲的語言系統(tǒng)。通過讀,可以強(qiáng)化腦、耳、眼、口等器官在語言實(shí)踐中的作用。使學(xué)生學(xué)過的英語知識得到各種形式的組合,鍛煉他們綜合運(yùn)用英語的能力。同時(shí),我們可以適當(dāng)指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀適宜的課外讀物,讓其養(yǎng)成課外多讀的好習(xí)慣。因?yàn)槎嘧x可以幫助他們吸收豐富的詞匯、語法;了解英語特有的表達(dá)法及習(xí)慣用語,他們的思維習(xí)慣和社會(huì)文化背景及風(fēng)土人情等。
三、多種形式開展寫作訓(xùn)練
1、聽寫
聽寫是一種有效提高寫作能力的手段。對于課文中出現(xiàn)的重點(diǎn)句型及子,我們可以進(jìn)行定期的聽寫練習(xí)。讓學(xué)生對于詞組或句型的使用場合有一定的感性的認(rèn)識。這樣,在寫作中碰到相同或相似的情景時(shí),學(xué)生就可以模仿書上的句子進(jìn)行寫作,而不是憑空捏造。同時(shí),必要的聽寫訓(xùn)練也有助于他們的聽力水平的提高。
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2、復(fù)述或改寫課文
這是幫助學(xué)生記憶和鞏固課文內(nèi)容的有效手段,也是培養(yǎng)寫作技巧的重要途徑。復(fù)述包括機(jī)械性的復(fù)述和活用性復(fù)述兩種類型。機(jī)械性復(fù)述是指我們借助文字、圖、物等幫助學(xué)生進(jìn)行有控制的復(fù)述課文的活動(dòng)。通過這種活動(dòng),可以幫助學(xué)生消化課文的內(nèi)容。活用性復(fù)述則屬于較高的要求,我們可要求學(xué)生把課文中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、語法、體裁等加以變化。如把對話改為故事;直接引語改為間接引語等。使復(fù)述更加靈活多樣,生動(dòng)有趣。、英語接龍比賽 英語接龍比賽不僅可以激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣和積極性,更能拓展學(xué)生的視野,有利一增強(qiáng)他們的應(yīng)變能力和表達(dá)能力。因?yàn)榭荚嚂r(shí),并不是所有的學(xué)生都有充裕的時(shí)間來審題并進(jìn)行寫作。他們必須在短時(shí)間內(nèi)
3、英語接龍比賽
英語接龍比賽不僅可以激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣和積極性,更能拓展學(xué)生的視野,有利一增強(qiáng)他們的應(yīng)變能力和表達(dá)能力。因?yàn)榭荚嚂r(shí),并不是所有的學(xué)生都有充裕的時(shí)間來審題并進(jìn)行寫作。他們必須在短時(shí)間內(nèi)快速接受并理解題目所給的信息,并用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z句將信息表達(dá)出來。這就要求他們有很好的應(yīng)變和表達(dá)能力。所以,我們可定期進(jìn)行接龍比賽。其形式也豐富多彩,內(nèi)容可長可短。常用的有單詞接龍、句子接龍、續(xù)寫對話或故事等。
4、情景限時(shí)作文
進(jìn)入復(fù)習(xí)迎考期間,我們除了幫助學(xué)生鞏固課文中的基礎(chǔ)知識,還應(yīng)認(rèn)真抓好寫作方面的考前指導(dǎo)工作:一方面幫助學(xué)生領(lǐng)會(huì)大綱中有關(guān)書面表達(dá)成要求;另一方面還要根據(jù)大綱及課本,重點(diǎn)練習(xí)一些常見的書面表達(dá)形式。訓(xùn)練時(shí),我們應(yīng)當(dāng)場發(fā)題并限時(shí)交卷,以提高他們的實(shí)際應(yīng)用和應(yīng)試能力。值得一提的是,在訓(xùn)練的起始階段可適當(dāng)放寬要求;隨著學(xué)生寫作能力的增強(qiáng),時(shí)間可相應(yīng)的縮短
四、勤動(dòng)手,多修改
如果僅僅熟背了大量的文章,掌握了許多方面的寫作技巧,不親自動(dòng)手實(shí)踐還是不行。因?yàn)闆]有一成不變的文章讓你照搬。動(dòng)手寫作的好處有二。第一,練這可寫出一手整潔而漂亮的書法。第二,可查錯(cuò)補(bǔ)缺,只有通過練習(xí)才能體會(huì)到自己的不足與失誤,便于我們及同學(xué)幫你修改、訂正。
在此需要指出的是修改并不是可有可無的,我們應(yīng)讓學(xué)生養(yǎng)成反復(fù)修改的良好習(xí)慣。修改包括兩個(gè)部分,即形式修改和意義修改。形式修改也就是訂正句中的拼寫、語法、標(biāo)點(diǎn)等方面的錯(cuò)誤;而意義上的修改尤為重要。因?yàn)橐晃吨患m正拼寫、語法等方面的錯(cuò)誤,并不能使作文的通篇質(zhì)量得到實(shí)質(zhì)性的改進(jìn)。我們應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生在完成初稿后進(jìn)一步對文章的意義進(jìn)行修改。例如,重新組織雜亂無章的觀點(diǎn);補(bǔ)充新的內(nèi)容以強(qiáng)調(diào)某一方面;刪掉不必要的詞和詞組乃至調(diào)整整篇文章的布局。使之更切題,更有效地表達(dá)想要表達(dá)的思想和觀點(diǎn)。
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