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英語口譯(二級)講義

時間:2019-05-15 09:13:29下載本文作者:會員上傳
簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關的《英語口譯(二級)講義》,但愿對你工作學習有幫助,當然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《英語口譯(二級)講義》。

第一篇:英語口譯(二級)講義

英語口譯(二級)精講班第1講講義

001 二級口譯實務考試介紹

Lecture 1

1、二級口譯實務考試介紹

英語口譯二級考試分《口譯綜合能力》 和《口譯實務》測試兩部分,旨在檢測應試者的口譯實踐能力是否達到專業譯員水平。合格的應試者應能熟練運用口譯技巧,完整準確地譯出原話內容,無錯譯漏譯。

英語口譯實務(二級)考試含“英漢交替傳譯”和“漢英交替傳譯”。題量各占50%,含總量約1000單詞的英語講話兩篇和總量約1000漢字的漢語講話兩篇,時間約60分鐘。考試內容涉及政治、經濟、文化、外交、旅游、信息科技、經融貿易、環境保護、衛生健康等,跟翻譯專業所要求掌握的知識和技能相一致,要求應試者知識結構分布合理,專業技能達到一定的水平。

英語口譯實務考試一律采取現場錄音的方式,考試結果記錄在磁帶上。考試的評分標準非常細化,一個考生的磁帶要有兩個以上的人去聽,并且聽出來的結果基本一致,最后再由專家組根據考生錄音核定成績。

應該說英語口譯實務(二級)考試具有一定的挑戰性,要求應試者過語言關、知識關和技術關,同時還要有穩定的心理因素。按照翻譯專業人員的四個等級來劃分,即:助理翻譯、翻譯、副譯審和譯審,二級就是翻譯級,也就是我們所說的中級職稱。因此,二級口譯試題的定位基本上是針對大學外語專業比較優秀的畢業生,經過幾年的翻譯實踐應能達到的水平。二級口譯考試模塊的設計也是基于這一理念,即要求應試者具備比較全面的知識結構和良好的雙語互譯能力。具體說來,應試者應具備良好的語言知識(Linguistic Knowledge)、語言外的知識(Extra-Linguistic Knowledge)以及分析能力(Analysis)。同時應試者還應具備敏銳的聽力、良好的短時記憶、行之有效的筆記、以及準確靈活的雙語表達等口譯所必須的基本能力。

2、口譯學習講解

技巧和語言基本功相結合。課程講解同時關注這兩點。

3、口譯技巧介紹

口譯技巧(Interpretation Techniques)根據口譯步驟(信息接收—信息儲存—信息處理—信息輸出)為基礎,總結出以下技巧:(1)聽辨;

(2)思維理解1—邏輯分析;

(3)思維理解2—信息視覺;

(4)思維理解3 —將認知信息納入理解軌道

(5)記憶機制1—瞬時記憶、短時記憶、長時記憶;

(6)記憶機制2-記憶訓練方法;

(7)筆記方法1—記什么?(8)筆記方法2—怎么記?

(9)數字口譯1—單純數字口譯

(10)數字口譯2—數字與信息相結合(11)習語的口譯;

(12)模糊信息處理技巧;

(13)口譯中的文化差異;

(14)口譯中的句法轉換;

(15)語境因素處理技巧;

(16)臨場應變技巧。

我們將把這些技巧穿插在我們的講解之中,輔以必要練習。

4、口譯課程結構介紹

每次課內容安排:50分鐘

技巧講解和練習20' 語言練習10' 篇章練習20' 002 聽辨技巧

一、聽辨技巧

“聽辨”,顧名思義,不僅要“聽”還要“辨”,即思考、分析?!奥牨妗笔强谧g過程中的第一個階段。在這個過程中我們接收到源語信息,并通過種種分析手段把接收到的信息納入到我們的理解范疇,以便儲存和輸出。毫無疑問,口譯的成敗在很大程度上取決于聽辨的過程。所以大家首先要對口譯的聽辨過程有一個透徹的認識,以便有針對性地進行練習,以提高自己的聽辨能力。

口譯中的聽辨過程和大家平時在英語學習中所接受的聽力訓練是不同的,但二者又有一定的聯系。

首先,具備良好的聽力水平是培養好的聽辨能力的基礎。換句話說,如果一個人的外語聽力有問題,那么無論他的語言表達能力有多強,他都很難勝任口譯工作。然而光有好的聽力還不夠,因為聽辨過程還涉及到其他方面的能力。這一點可以從聽力訓練與聽辨過程的區別中看出來。

1.英語的聽力訓練中比較注重語言層面,也就是說他們會十分注意語音、語調和語言的表達及用法等。而譯員在聽辨過程中所注重的是意思,或是講話者的意圖而不是具體的詞句表達。所以譯員在聽到一段話之后在頭腦中形成的是一個有邏輯關系的語意整體,而不僅僅是詞句的簡單集合。

2.聽力練習中主要啟動聽覺系統,理解只是一個被動而附帶的過程。而譯員在聽辨過程中不僅要啟動聽覺系統,還要啟動大腦中的分析理解機制和記憶機制。也就是說譯員要邊聽、邊分析、邊理解、邊記憶。所以,與一般的外語學習相比較而言,專業譯員要具有更強的分析能力,要會“一心多用”。

3.在聽的過程中,信息接收是被動和跟隨性的,對信息的反映略顯滯后。而譯員的聽辨過程是積極而主動的。在聽的過程中伴有很大程度的預測和判斷行為。常常需要調動非語言因素對所聽內容進行分析、整理、補充和聯想等。

4.用作聽力訓練的材料,信息比較清晰,雜音干擾較少。而譯員在口譯工作中所處的信息環境是現場性的,因此不確定性因素較多;信息干擾、信息缺失時有發生。而且,講話者以交流為唯一目的,在信息發布過程中并不照顧或考慮譯員的狀態。

綜上所述,口譯的聽辨過程較一般外語聽力訓練過程要復雜得多,對能力的要求也要高得多。大家需要建立這樣一個意識,即口譯的過程不是一個信息背誦加字詞翻譯的過程。而是一個通過聽辨將信息接收、理解,再用譯入語將理解了的信息加以表達的過程。以下提供一些訓練方法供大家參考,以英語聽辨能力的訓練為主。

1.可以選擇一些英文有聲資料(最好是現場講話)或是請練習搭檔模擬現場發言。聽過一段話后,在不記筆記的情況下用源語(英文)進行復述。注意在聽的過程中要把注意力從詞句表達上移開,而專注于整段話的邏輯意思。在復述時不要拘泥于原文的詞句,更不要試圖背原話。意思和邏輯關系要盡量復述的準確完整。

2.在聽辨訓練的初級階段,如果還不能完全掌握邊聽、邊分析、邊記憶的技能,可采取就所聽內容進行提問的方式建立邏輯關系。比如可以將注意力放在WHAT、WHO、WHEN AND WHERE、HOW AND WHY 等幾個要素上。通過這種方式增強邏輯分析意識,努力跟上講話人的思路,從而對所聽語篇有一個正確的理解。

3.每段講話的長度可隨熟練程度的加強而逐步增加:比如從聽幾句話到聽一小段,從一小段到一大段到數段等。并且可以嘗試聽各種不同風格的講話。選題也可以從比較熟悉的領域逐步擴展到比較陌生的領域,以培養臨場適應能力和分析綜合的能力。

練習1:

要求,認真聽原文,不要記筆記,根據WHAT、WHO、WHEN AND WHERE、HOW AND WHY 幾大要素總結段落大意。

Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea.People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive.It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity.Some of them were not sure how to use it.They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves.Then they served them mixed with butter and salt.They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.What's the general idea of this short passage? Compared with the Chinese, People in Europe, particularly in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, and how to use it.They cooked tea leaves as vegetable and served them with butter and salt and even made them part of Children's sandwiches.練習2 Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century.During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea.Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added.She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk.Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it.Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.General idea:

Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century.?? On the continent, people used to drink tea without milk until a French lady invented the habit of drinking tea with milk.003 詞匯積累

二、主題練習——會議致辭詞匯

詞匯積累

(致)歡迎/開幕/閉幕詞(deliver/make)a welcome/opening/closing speech/address/lecture 開/閉/揭幕式 opening/closing/unveiling ceremony

舉行烈士紀念碑的揭幕典禮 unveil a monument to the martyrs 為展覽會揭幕 inaugurate an exhibition 奠基典禮 foundation laying ceremony 開學典禮 school’s opening ceremony

畢業典禮 graduation ceremony /commencement 開國大典 founding ceremony of a state 婚禮 wedding ceremony 慶典 celebration 答謝宴會 return banquet 晚宴 evening reception/dinner 招待會/宴會 reception 冷餐招待會 buffet reception 聯歡/新年/篝火晚會 get-together/spring festival/campfire party 酒會 cocktail party 宣布…開幕 declare…open;declare the commencement of … 宣布…閉幕 declare the closing/conclusion of … 陛下 Your/His/Her Majesty 殿下 Your/His/Her(Royal/Imperial/Serene)Highness 閣下 Your/His/Her Honor/Excellency 貴賓們 distinguished guests 尊敬的主席先生respectable/honorable/respected Mr.President 至此… 之際 on the occasion of 代表… on behalf of …

我愿借此機會… I would like to take this opportunity to …/ I would like to avail myself of this great opportunity to …

我代表中國政府向各位來賓表示熱烈歡迎,對會議的召開表示衷心祝賀!On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to extend our sincere welcome to all the guests here and to express our warm congratulations on the convening of this session.最后,祝各位在北京生活愉快,并祝會議圓滿成功!

Finally, I wish a full success of the conference and wish you all a pleasant stay here in Beijing.

第二篇:英語口譯實務二級

Thank you, Lord Hurd , for those kind words.It is an honor and pleasure to be here.When l left Brussels yesterday, it was 12 degrees Celsius and hailing.赫德勛爵,感謝您的美言。

Here, it was 25 degrees and sunny.我很榮幸也很高興來到這里。昨天我離開布魯塞爾時,那里還下著冰雹,氣溫只有12撮氏度,而這里則陽光明媚,氣溫高迭25撮氏度。

Speaking of climate change, I don't understand why you British are always complaining about the weather.說到這樣的氣候差異,我不明白為什么你們英國人還總是抱怨天氣不好。

I confess I am a little intimidated, Lord Hurd, at being moderated by a veteran statesman of your distinction.赫德勛爵,說實話,您這樣一位聲名顯赫的資深政治家為我做引見令我有些誠惶誠恐。

When I first accepted the gracious invitation to address this Institute, I was especially excited about the prospect of speaking under the Chatham House Rule.最初接受來貴所演講的盛情邀請時,一想到將有機會按照英國皇家國際事務研究院規則 演講,我就特剮興奮。

I understand the rule means the audience is free to use the information received at the meeting, but may not reveal the identity of the speaker, nor his affiliation.我知道,按照這一規則,聽眾可以自由引用會上所獲信息,但不得披露演講者身份及其所屬組織。I thought to myself, now there's a rule we should apply from time to time at the United Nations.我心想,我們在聯合國也應當不時采用這一規則。

I could get my message across, but keep a low profile at the same time.這樣我既可以表達想法,還能同時保持低調。

And conversely* those interested in grand-standing would have one less opportunity to do so.而反過來,那些喜歡拋頭露面的人則少了一個炫耀的機會。But it was not to be.可這次演講將不啟用這一規則。

Having understood that this event is on the record, I will have to wait for another occasion to experience the Chatham House Rule at first hand.我知道這次活動會記錄在案,我只好另找機會親身感受這一規則了。

Mr.Niblett, Director of Chatham House, 英國皇家國際事務研究所所長寧布萊特先生,Excellencies, 閣下們

Ladies and gentlemen , 女士們,先生們:

It is truly a privilege to join such a distinguished group of experts and scholars, diplomats and opinion-makers, politicians and not least, representatives of civil societywho by then had become the UK Ambassador to the UNand the world as a whole-has come to appear much complicated.自那時起,聯合國乃至整個世界似乎變得更加復雜。So have the challenges confronting our Organization.聯合國所面臨的挑戰也是如此。

The perception of us is no longer so black and white, and tends now to be drawn in various shades of gray.如今,人們對我們的看法不再是非黑即白,而是傾向于不同程度的灰色。But if you are an optimist, as I am, you will paint the UN in brighter colors.但是,如果你們和我一樣,是樂觀主義者,那么你們會用更明快的色彩來勾畫聯合國。

You will know that our world of complex and global challenges is exactly the environment in which our United Nations should thrive-because these are challenges that no country can resolve on its own.你們會知道,我們的世界充滿了復雜的全球性挑戰,而這正是聯合國應該蓬勃發展的大好環境,因為任何一個國家都無法單獨應對這些挑戰。

It is a world in which the UN can, and must, grow and take on new roles, develop and deliver on new fronts.正是在這樣的世界中,聯合國能夠并且必須成長壯大,承擔新的任務,開辟新的戰線并在那里有所作為。

Thank you very much.多謝各位.

第三篇:中級口譯講義

中級口譯講義

口試“政治類”:

We established our friendly and cooperative relations on the understanding that we would develop our friendship on the basis of mutual respect and equality,and mutual benefit.//We believe that it is absolutely important that all nations ,big or small,strong or weak,should establish and maintain their relations on these principles.//We appreciate the interest and understanding that China has shown regarding the problems of small and developing countries.//We also appreciate China’s firm support in our economic development.//I look forward,in the next few days,to the opportunity of learning something from your experience on promoting economic and social development in the interest of your people.// 我們建立友好合作關系時是基于這樣一種認識,即我們要在相互尊重和平等互利的基礎上發展我們的友誼。//我們認為,所有國家,無論大小強弱,都應該在這些原則 的基礎上建立和維持相互間的關系,這是至關重要的。//我們贊賞中國關注和理解小國和發展中國家所遇到的問題,我們贊賞中國對我們經濟發展的有力支持。//我期待在今后的幾天里有機會向你們請教,學習你們為造福貴國人民而促進經濟和社會發展的經驗。// 2.(26)Mr.President,I wish to thank you for your very gracious and eloquent remarks.At this very moment through the wonder of telecommunications,many people are hearing what we say today.//Yes,right now the whole world is watching us.Though what we say here ill soon be forgoten,what we do here will change the world.//We have a social and political system which differs in many respects from your own.It is the result of different experiences and a different tradition.//Given our distinct histories,geographies and cultures,it is inconceivable that we could seee eye to eye on all issues.However,we do agree on the fundamental need for world peace.// 主席先生,我要感謝您那熱情洋溢、雄辯無比的演講。此時此刻,許多人正在通過神奇的電訊設備傾聽著我們的講話。//是的,此時此刻整個世界都在關注著我們。雖然我們在此所作的演講很快便會被人們遺忘,但是我們在此的作為卻能改變世界。//我國的社會制度和政治制度在許多方面都與貴國的社會制度和政治制度不同。這源于我們不同的經歷和不同的傳統。//鑒于我們有著截然不同的歷史、地理和文化,很難想象我們會對所有問題都有一致的看法。但是對世界和平的基本需求,我們的看法是一致的。// 3.(33)I have come to China for the beautiful future of our two countries.I am firmly convinced that ,together,we two peoples can and will make tomorrow a better day.//We may be distinctly different in language,customs,and political beliefs,but on many vital questions of our time there is little distance between the American and Chinese people.//China’s economy advances with the dynamics of change.Unlike some governments,which fear change and fear the future,China is beginning to scale new 總部地址:工農路111號華辰大廈A座604 郵編:226000 電話:8522-0400 網址:www.tmdps.cn

heights.//On behalf of all the members of my delegation,I’d like to express our highest respect for your courage and welcome the opportunity to walk by your side.// 我來中國是為了我們兩國美好的未來。我堅信我們兩國人民能夠,也一定會共同建設美好的未來。//我們可以有兩種截然不同的語言、習俗和政治信仰,但在我們這個時代的許多至關重要的問題上,我們兩國人民之間幾乎沒有距離。//中國經濟突飛猛進,日新月異。與一切懼怕變革,懼怕未來的國家不同,中國開始邁向新的高度。//我謹代表本代表團成員向你們所表現出的勇氣致敬,并歡迎有此機會與你們并肩前進。// “旅游類”:

1.Bristol is a truly beautiful,interesting and fascinating city.Beautiful parks and gardens leak onto interesting lanes and footpaths,while houses and buildings of old times stand magnificently on the hills of the city.//But Bristol is much more than this;it is a modern city where the latest works in contemporary arts can be found and where the night-life is interesting and varied.//Bristol is surrounded by beautiful countryside,rolling hills,and top class holiday resorts.Some of the country’s most fascinating tourist attractions-castles and palaces-are only a short drive away.//Bristol has always envouraged the tourist industry and welcomed tourist from all parts of the world.There is a superb choice of acommodation available and the city is proud of its many restaurants and cafes.// 布里斯托爾的確是一座非常美麗、有趣和迷人的城市。美麗的公園和花園里到處是趣味盎然的路徑,舊時代的房屋和建筑昂然挺立在城市的山坡上。//然而,布里斯托爾并非僅僅如此;那還是座現代化的城市,有當代藝術的最新作品,也有有趣和豐富多樣的夜生活。//布里斯托爾的四周有美麗的鄉村,起伏不斷的山地,以及一流的度假勝地。從這里出發到一些全國最迷人的旅游景點,如城堡和宮殿,只有短短的一段車程。//布里斯托爾一向重視旅游業,歡迎來自世界各地的游客。當地有一流的住宿可供選擇,還有其引以為豪的眾多餐館和咖啡館。// 2.上海既是一座歷史文化名城,也是當今中國最為繁榮的經濟中心之一,成為人們向往的觀光勝地。//上海為旅游者在各方面提供了良好的基礎設施。在上海旅游,不僅方便愉快,而且安全舒適。//上海要長久吸引旅游者,就應該切實做好各項旅游服務工作,讓游客獲得賓至如歸的服務。//我們希望而且相信,上海會使每一位旅游者流連忘返,“樂不思蜀”,給每一位旅游者留下了美好的回憶。// Shanghai,a famous historical and cultural city,and one of the most prosperous economic centers in China,has become a famous scenic spot that people look forward to visiting.//Shanghai provides tourists with a good infrastructure in every aspect.Touring in Shanghai is not only convenient and pleasant,but also safe and comfortable.//To maintain a lasting charm for tourists,Shanghai should earnestly do a good job in all kinds of tourist services to make them feel at home.//We hope and believe that Shanghai will make every tourist stay a longer time and become too 總部地址:工農路111號華辰大廈A座604 郵編:226000 電話:8522-0400 網址:www.tmdps.cn

delighted to be homesick.A nice memory of the city will linger in the heart of every tourist.// 3.陽朔是個小鎮,人口不足三萬。它極富盛名,每年有成千上萬的游客趨之若騖,從世界各地涌來。//1998年美國前總統比爾.克林頓來到這里,面對美不勝收的景致,不忍匆匆離去,以致推遲其香港之行。//陽朔最吸引人的地方就是板石街,又名“西洋街”。該街總長一千米,有一千四百一十年歷史。//街道兩旁有數百家商店,主要出售外國人喜歡的仿古制品和紀念品。徜徉小街,游人會驚喜地發現在這里東西方文明是如此的水乳交融。// Yangshuo is a small country of less than 30,000 people.Nevertheless,it is so famous that it woos thousands of tourists worldwide all the year round.//In 1998,former US president Bill Clinton came here and delayed his trip to Hong Kong because he was reluctant to leave such a lovely place too soon.//The most tempting place in Yanghuo is the Slabstone Street,which has gained a new name as “The Western Street”.The street,with a total length of 1,000 meters,spans a history of 1,410 years.//On both sides of the street are a few hundred shops,selling mainly souvenirs and antiques to(cater for)the foreigners’ tastes.Strolling on the street,tourists will be amazed to find that Eastern and Western culture blend so well here.// 口試“教育類”:

1.Some universities,like Oxford and Cambridge in Britain,are residential,which means students live and study on campus.Other universities are non-residential,which means students have to spend a lot of time to travel daily to their lectures.//There are also part-time students who have to do their work during the day,and they study in the evening.Other part-time students have to study by correspondence.//”The Open Universities”can also help students to gain university degrees.Here,lectures are mainly given on radio or television.However,for a few weeks each year,students can attend vacation courses at universities.//For admission to any university degree course,a student has to pass qualifying examinations.In Britain,there are not enough places for asll secondary school students,so these qualifying examinations are highly competitive.// 英國有些大學,如牛津和劍橋提供學生住宿,這就是說學生在校園里學習和生活。其他一些學校則不提供住宿,也就是說學生每天要花不少時間到學校去聽講座。//還有一些利用業余時間學習的學生,他們白天必須工作,晚上學習。還有些業余學生則不得不通過函授學習。//“開放大學”也能幫助學生取得大學學位,大學主要通過廣播或電視播出講座。但是每年有幾個星期,學生能在大學里參加假期班的學習。//要想攻讀任何大學學位課程,學生必須通過入學資格考試。由于在英國沒有足夠的名額讓所有中學生進入大學,因此,這些入學考試具有很強的競爭性。// 2.Last year a research was carried out on the skills of university students.The findings confirm the worry of employers about the lack of basic skills in some university graduates.//The research showed that less than 20% of all university students achieves 總部地址:工農路111號華辰大廈A座604 郵編:226000 電話:8522-0400 網址:www.tmdps.cn

the levels expected of them in the three key skills,that is,communication,the application of number and information technology.//Some teachers and experts have argued that there are two other key skills which the university students might be expected to show.These skills are to improve their own learning and to work with others.//If we add in these skills,the research showed that only about a dozen university students among nearly two hundred who were tested scored top marks,which is,of course,a very disappointing and uncomfortable figure.// 去掉開展了一次對大學生技能的調查研究。調查結果證實了雇主們對某些大學生缺乏基本技能這一現象的擔憂。//調查顯示只有不到20%的大學生在三項基本技能方面達到了預期的標準。這三項技能包括交際、數學以及(處理)信息技術。//有些老師和專家認為大學生還應該具備另外兩項基本技能,那就是如何提高自己的學習能力和同他人共事的能力。//如果我們加上這兩項技能,調查研究顯示在接受測試的近200名大學生中,只有12名左右取得了高分,這個數字理所當然是令人十分失望和不安的。// 3.大多數人認為,書本和課本基本上是一回事,其實這種想法是完全錯誤的。//書本并不僅僅是指課本。如果我們僅僅通過課本去學習,這就意味著我們把自己局限于生活中很狹小的一個方面。//大多數教育專家都強調“終身學習”的重要性,認為繼續教育的一個重要途徑就是閱讀各種書籍和報紙雜志。//他們指出,學習永無止境,是個連續不斷的過程。每一個人都可以,也完全可以做到:活到老學到老。// It is a view held by most people that books and textbooks mean almost the same thing,which ,actually,is all wrong.//Books are not just textbooks,and if we only read textbooks,it means that we are concentrating only on one small aspect of life.//Most education experts stress the importance of life-long learning,thinking that an important way of continuing one’s education is by reading books,magazines,and newspapers on every subject.//They point out that education never ends.It is a continuous process.All of us may,and are entirely able to ,accomplish this kind of life-long education.The day we stop learning is the day when we die.4.松江大學城作為本市最大的大學社區,于昨日正式啟用,迎接來自上海外國語大學、上海外貿學院及立信會計學院三所高校的5500名新生。//該大學城占地306公頃,其中240公頃用于教室等各類教學設施,其他用于寢室食堂和商店。整座大學城的建成將耗資25億人民幣。//松江大學城的建立,旨在使大學生得到全面、健康的發展,即每個學生都得以在德、智、體、美各個方面 有所提高。//按計劃,今年年底松江大學城將完成一批大型體育綜合設施-包括運動場和體育館。據市教育部門的官員說,這些設施能承擔國際性的比賽。// Songjiang College Town,Shanghai’s first planned university community,officially opened yesterday,welcoming 5,500 freshmen from the three institutions of higher learning,that is,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai Institute of Foreign Trade and Lixin Accounting College.//The college town has an area of 306 hectares,of which 240 hectares will be developed for educational facilities such as the classrooms and rest for 總部地址:工農路111號華辰大廈A座604 郵編:226000 電話:8522-0400 網址:www.tmdps.cn

dorms,cafeterias and stores.//The(setting-up of the)college town is to met the ducational objective that every student has an overall healthy development while studying in the town.That is,every student is given the best opportunity to grow morally,intellectually,physically and aesthetically.//Scheduled for completion at year’s end is a massive sports complex-with stadiums and gymnasium that can be used for international competitions,according to city education officials.// 口試“禮儀發言類”:

1.Your Honor Mr.Mayor,thank you very much for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality.In the short period of the two week study tour,we have travelled much of your country.// Those were indeed exciting and unforgettable days.We have experienced the warm reception,the utmost courtesy and genuine friendship of the Chinese people.//

We have been deeply impressed by the diversity,dynamism,and progress of China under the policies of reform and opening up to the outside world.// We are glad that we are part of the dramatic process of your change from the planned economy to the market-oriented economy.The cooperative relations between our two countries have become so extensive that they have affected almost all areas of economy.//(2000,3)尊敬的市長先生,感謝您的精心安排與好客。在短暫的兩周考察中,我們曾到過貴國的許多地方。// 那些日子確實別人激動,令人難忘。我們感覺到的總是中國人民的熱情接待,彬彬有禮和誠摯友情。// 中國在改革開放政策引導下,氣象萬千,充滿活力,不斷進步,這些給我們留下了極為深刻的印象。// 貴國正處于一個由計劃經濟向市場經濟轉軌的過程,我們很高興能參加與這個富有戲劇性的轉軌過程。我們的合作關系領域廣闊,幾乎已涉及所有的經濟領域。// 2.主席先生,女士們,先生們,我宣布英特網服務國際研討會開幕,在此我向參加開幕式的各界來賓表示熱烈的歡迎。// 英國和澳大利亞的有關公司與專家對本次研討會的成功召開給予了很大的幫助,對此我謹致以誠摯的謝意。// 總部地址:工農路111號華辰大廈A座604 郵編:226000 電話:8522-0400 網址:www.tmdps.cn

海外一些發達國家在推動英特網服務事業方面積累了不少經驗,值得我們借鑒和學習,通過交流,我們可以得到更多的信息與體會。// 我相信,本次研討會對于推動英特網在中國的廣泛使用具有積極的作用和深遠的意義。我預祝研討會圓滿成功。// Mr.Chairman,ladies and gentlemen,I declare open the International Symposium on Internet Service.I’d like to extend a warm welcome to our guests from various circles.// I wish to express our sincere thanks to the British and Australian companies and their specialists whose generous help has made possible the successful commencement of this symposium.// Some overseas developed countries have accumulated much experience in promoting Internet service.And their experience deserves our reference and study.Through exchange,we will be able to acquire more information and knowledge.// I believe the symposium will be constructive and significant in popularizing the use of Internet service in China.I wish the symposium a complete success.//

3.我謹代表我們一行的全體成員,感謝董事長先生的盛情邀請,參加你們的圣誕晚會。// 圣誕節確實是一年中的一段美好時光。圣誕團圓晚會是人類熱情,團結,以及奉獻的象征。// 今年慶祝圣誕節對我們所有人來說更有意義,因為今年我們的合資企業的銷售有了顯著增長。// 我希望我們能保持這種務實的合作關系,使明年的業績更加輝煌。讓我們共同舉杯,為明年再創佳績干杯。// On behalf of all the members of my group,I’d like to thank you,Mr.Chairman,for your gracious invitation for us to attend such an enjoyable Christmas party.// Christmas is really a wonderful time of a year.The christmas get-together party is symbolic of the warmth,union,and decication of mankind.// The celebration of Christmas this year is more meaningful to all of us,because our joint venture has had a remarkable sales growth this year.// 總部地址:工農路111號華辰大廈A座604 郵編:226000 電話:8522-0400 網址:www.tmdps.cn

I hope we will be able to maintain this practical cooperative relationship and make the coming new year a more fruitful year.May I ask you to make a toast with me to a better business in the coming year.4.今晚,我們很高興在北京大學兩次接待我們的老朋友格林博士和夫人。//我代表學校的全體師生員工向格林博士和夫人以及其他新西蘭貴賓表示熱烈歡迎。//我相信格林博士這次對我校的訪問,必將為進一步加強兩校的友好合作關系作出重要的貢獻。//明天,貴賓們將要赴南京和上海訪問,我預祝大家一路旅途愉快。// It gives us great pleasure to play host tonight to our old friends,Dr.and Mrs.Green in Beijing University once again.//On behalf of the faculty ,students and staff of the university ,I wish to extend our warm welcome to Dr.and Mrs.Green and other distinguished New Zealand guests.//I am convinced that Dr.Green’s current visit to our university will surely make an important contribution to further strengthening the friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries.//Our distinguished guests will leave for Nanjing and Shanghai tomorrow.I wish you all a pleasant journey.// 要翻促進發展,一律promote development;要翻許多,通通many。諸如此類的詞匯,被筆者稱之為“濫詞”,即被用到泛濫的詞匯。

如果是追求反應速度和效率的口譯部分,這樣的譯文當然沒有問題。可是在時間充裕的筆譯部分,這樣的簡單詞匯無疑會令譯文質量打上折扣。至少,無法讓閱卷人眼前一亮,難獲高分。

出于對以上問題的考慮,筆者總結了中高級口譯考試漢英翻譯題中出現頻率最高的30個常用單詞/詞組的替換方案,以期幫助同學在短時間內積累一定的亮點詞匯。

需要提醒同學們注意的有兩點。一是各個亮點詞匯絕不是被替換詞的同義詞,不可胡亂使用,其具體用法請自行查閱詞典。如waste的替換詞中,squander是動詞,luxurious是形容詞,用法完全不同。二是建議同學在此基礎上繼續自行積累,多多益善,方能在考場上厚積薄發。(1)give給,提供

offer,supply,provide,furnish,distribute,allocate(2)get得到

receive/accept,gain,acquire,obtain,attain,earn(3)many/much/a lot of/lots of許多 a large number of,a multitude of,plenty of an enormous amount/huge amounts of,a great/good deal of(4)poor貧窮的

poverty-stricken,destitute,impoverished(5)rich富有的

wealthy,well off,affluent,prosperous(6)certainly一定

inevitable,unavoidable,be doomed to,be bound to 總部地址:工農路111號華辰大廈A座604 郵編:226000 電話:8522-0400 網址:www.tmdps.cn

(7)all所有,全部

universal,widespread,prevalent,whole,entire(8)enough足夠

ample,sufficient,adequate(9)show顯示,展現

indicate,demonstrate,illustrate,suggest,display,showcase(10)risk/danger危險

hazard,peril,jeopardize,endanger,menace(11)way方法,辦法,手段

measure,method,means,approach(12)catch,attractive吸引,有吸引力的 obsess,immerse,fascinate,enchant charming,inviting,alluring,appealing(13)harm/damage破壞(的),有害(的)

destructive,devastating,detrimental,undermine(14)useful/helpful有用的

effective,practical,valuable,invaluable,conducive(15)great/wonderful偉大的

incredible,amazing,sublime,extraordinary,magnificent,glorious(16)try,effort努力

endeavor,strive to do sth/for sth(17)famous著名的

well-known,celebrated,noted,eminent,renowned(18)difficulty困難,困境

adversity,hardship,plight,predicament setback,hurdle,obstacle(19)focus on集中 center on,concentrate on(20)so所以

consequently,therefore,as a result(21)because因為

as a result of;attribute/ascribe A to B(22)press(ure)壓力

place/put a(heavy)burden on;strain(23)about大約

approximately,roughly(24)cooperate合作

Collaborate,join hands in doing sth(25)waste浪費(的)Squander,fritter,luxurious(26)save/economical節約(的)Thrifty,conserve 總部地址:工農路111號華辰大廈A座604 郵編:226000 電話:8522-0400 網址:www.tmdps.cn

(27)develop發展

Thrive,evolve,burgeon(28)promote促進

Boost,give a boost to,accelerate(29)delay,postpone暫緩,延期 shelve(30)deal with應對,處理

Cope w ith,grapple with,address,tackle 需要提醒同學們注意的有兩點。一是各個亮點詞匯絕不是被替換詞的同義詞,不可胡亂使用,其具體用法請自行查閱詞典。如choose/choice的替換詞中,opt是動詞,alternative是名詞,用法完全不同。

二是建議同學在此基礎上繼續自行積累,多多益善,方能在考場上厚積薄發。

31、Increase增加

Hike,soar;multiply

32、Reduce減少

Lower,Shrink,slash,trim

33、brave勇敢的,大膽的Audacious,bold

34、careful謹慎的,仔細的Cautious;meticulous;vigilant

35、interest興趣

intrigue

36、sad悲傷,哀痛

lament for/over,mourn

37、happy,glad高興,快樂

delighted

38、replace代替

Substitute,supplant

39、want想要

be eager/keen/anxious to do,long/yearn for sth/to do sth,desire for,aspire to do sth 40、ability能力,才能

Capacity,capability;flair,talent

41、ease減輕,減緩,減弱

Alleviate;relieve;wane

42、plan計劃

strategy,program,scheme,work/figure out

43、understand理解

Fathom,grasp

44、people人民

citizen,general public,average/ordinary people

45、cause導致,引起

lead to;result in;lead to;give rise to;trigger;contribute to sth 總部地址:工農路111號華辰大廈A座604 郵編:226000 電話:8522-0400 網址:www.tmdps.cn

arouse,inspire,spur

46、come from源自于

originate/stem/spring/derive from

47、choose/choice選擇

Opt for/to do;alternative

48、fight against打擊,斗爭

Counter,Battle against;Crack down on;clamp down(hard)on

49、suffer from遭受

Endure,be plagued by,be subject to;be vulnerable to 50、face面對

Confront;be confronted with;brave

51、Different不同,差異

Distinct,separate;at odds with

52、same相同,相等,一致

Identical,equivalent,be consistent with,tally with

53、criticize批評

Lambast;slam sb for doing sth

54、strength加強,強化

Intensify;cement

55、change改變,變化,改動

Alter,vary;adjust

56、organization組織,單位

Outfit

57、prevent/stop阻止,禁止

forbid,prohibit,hinder,curb

58、begin/start開始,著手

embark on;launch,initiate

59、finish/complete完成

accomplish,fulfill,achieve,complete 60、completely/fully完全,十足,徹底

Entirely,thoroughly,utterly,outright

總部地址:工農路111號華辰大廈A座604 郵編:226000 10

電話:8522-0400

www.tmdps.cn 網址:

第四篇:英語口譯二級精講班第4講課件講義

英語口譯二級精講班第4講課件講義(環球職業教育在線)

英語口譯二級精講班第4講講義

篇章練習中譯英

二、篇章練習中譯英

世界旅游組織秘書長弗朗加利先生,聯合國常務副秘書長弗萊切特女士,各位代表,女士們,先生們:

十月的北京,天高氣爽,秋色宜人。世界旅游組織第15屆全體大會今天在這里隆重開幕1。我代表中國政府,向各位來賓表示誠摯的歡迎!向大會表示熱烈的祝賀!//

旅游是一項集觀光、娛樂、健身為一體的愉快而美好的活動2。旅游業隨著時代進步而不斷發展3。20世紀中葉以來,現代旅游在世界范圍迅速興起,旅游人數不斷增加,旅游產業規模持續擴大,旅游經濟地位顯著提升,旅游活動愈益成為各國人民交流文化、增進友誼、擴大交往的重要渠道,對人類生活和社會進步產生越來越廣泛的影響4。//

古往今來,旅游一直是人們增長知識、豐富閱歷、強健體魄的美好追求5。在古代,中國先哲們就提出了“觀國之光”的思想,倡導“讀萬卷書,行萬里路”,游歷名山大川,承天地之靈氣,接山水之精華6。新中國成立后特別是改革開放以來,中國政府高度重視旅游工作,旅游業持續快速發展,已經成為一個富有蓬勃活力和巨大潛力的新興產業。//

目前,中國入境旅游人數和旅游外匯收入躍居世界前列,出境旅游人數迅速增加,已經成為旅游大國7。

Mr.Francesco Frangialli, Secretary-General of the World Tourism

Organization,Ms.Louise Frechette, Deputy Secretary-General of the United

Nations,All Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen,At this October time when Beijing is offering us its charming autumn

scenery in a most fresh air and clear weather, the 15th General

Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization is officially

opened here.On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to

extend our sincere welcome to all the guests here and to express our

warm congratulations on the convening of this session.//

Tourism represents a kind of popular and pleasant activity that

combines sightseeing, recreation and outdoor exercise, and it has

been developing all along with the progress of the times.Since the

middle of the 20th century, modern tourism has been growing at a

fast pace around the world.The number of tourists has ever been on

the rise, the scale of the tourism industry has been on constant

expansion, and the position of tourism in the economy has been

obviously raised.Tourism serves gradually as an important bridge of

cultural exchange, friendship and further exchanges and exerts more

and more extensive influence on the human life and social progress

among various countries.//

From ancient times till now, tourism has demonstrated the happy wishof the people for more knowledge, varied experience and good health.In ancient times, ancient Chinese thinkers raised the idea of“appreciating the landscape through sightseeing”.Ancient People

also proposed to “travel ten thousand li and read ten thousand

books'', which shows they found pleasure in enriching themselves

mentally and physically through traveling over famous mountains and

rivers.After the founding of New China, especially since the

opening up to the outside world and the reform, the Chinese

government has given profound attention to the tourism work, which

has been undergoing steady and fast growth as a newly emerging

dynamic and potentially strong industry.// Presently, China is now

a big tourism country.1.“十月的北京,天高氣爽,秋色宜人。世界旅游組織第15屆全體大會今天在這里隆重開幕。”這兩個看似獨立的漢語句子譯成英文后變為一個帶有時間狀語的句子:“At

this October time when Beijing is offering us its charming autumn

scenery in a most fresh air and clear weather, the 15th General

Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization is officially

opened here.”

譯員在翻譯時既要考慮漢語在表達時要“忠實原文”,又要著力在英譯文中體現合理的邏輯關系以便讓英文聽眾較容易地理解和接受。所以權衡左右,得此譯文。因為,如果按漢語原文的形式,把兩個句子割裂開來,容易讓聽眾覺得講話者由天氣到大會開幕之間的轉換過于唐突和牽強。事實上如果了解中國人致開幕詞的某些習慣就會知道,中國人喜歡在宣布某項盛事開幕之前,加上對這一時刻特殊性或是重要性的描述,甚至是進行某些客觀情況的描述,諸如天氣特點,季節特征等。例如:“值此金秋時節,?隆重召開了?!薄霸谶@月明中秋的良宵,我們歡聚一堂,共慶?”“艷陽高照,秋風送爽。在蛇年即將過去,馬年新春即將來臨之際,我們在這里隆重舉行?”在現場口譯時,如遇到此類“起興”的描述,譯員可考慮將其盡量簡化后譯為時間狀語(從句),如:

“ On this beautiful autumn day, ” “ On this splendid mid-autumn

night,” “At the beginning of 2002, the year of the horse,”

等等。另外,第一句原文為“十月”修飾“北京”——“北京”為被修飾的中心成分;而譯文中“十月”變為中心詞,后面跟由“北京”作主語的定語從句。這是由于漢語獨特的表達習慣所致。在翻譯時要拋開原文表達的束縛,探究文字背后的邏輯意思。所以稍加分析,我們就可知道,北京因其十月而“天高氣爽,秋色宜人”,所以“十月”為中心詞,“北京”可安排為從句中的主語。

2.“旅游是一項集觀光、娛樂、健身為一體的愉快而美好的活動?!贝司渲小笆恰弊g為:“represents”。為了體現語言的多樣性和避免重復,除

“is?” 之外,譯員還可考慮將“是?”譯成其他動詞,如 “represents” “constitutes?” “forms?”

“proves?” 等,有時還可視情況干脆譯成系表結構以外的形式,例如:“?已是世界文化遺產之一”可譯為: “?has been

included in the World Cultural Heritage List.”

3.“旅游是一項集觀光、娛樂、健身為一體的愉快而美好的活動。旅游業隨著時代進步而不斷發展?!弊g成英文時可以兩句變一句,并把后一個“旅游業”用“it”代替。這主要是考慮到在表達承接的方法上,英語中多用代詞,而漢語中多用重復。另外,通常情況下,漢語中短句較頻繁,而英語中長句,復合句較多。

4.漢語中的一句:“20世紀中葉以來,現代旅游在世界范圍迅速興起,旅游人數不斷增加,旅游產業規模持續擴大,旅游經濟地位顯著提升,旅游活動愈益成為各國人民交流文化、增進友誼、擴大交往的重要渠道,對人類生活和社會進步產生越來越廣泛的影響?!北蛔g成英文后變為了三句。這是由于漢語表達不太注重體現語言表面的層次性和邏輯性,這些要靠聽者自己通過字里行間的意思去體會。所以在漢語中,幾層意思經常揉在一起在一個層次中表達出來。而英語則比較注重語言層面上的條理性,通常會通過斷句、代詞、連詞等語言手段來體現。在翻譯時,譯員為了達到好的傳譯效果,也為了方便自己的記憶,通常會將一段講話先分成幾個意群,然后按照邏輯分層譯出。例如此舉可分為三個層次:“20世紀中葉以來,現代旅游在世界范圍迅速興起,//

(體現在)旅游人數不斷增加,旅游產業規模持續擴大,旅游經濟地位顯著提升,//

(結果是)旅游活動愈益成為各國人民交流文化、增進友誼、擴大交往的重要渠道,對人類生活和社會進步產生越來越廣泛的影響?!惫实么俗g文:”

Since the middle of the 20th century, modern tourism has been

growing at a fast pace around the world.The number of tourists has

ever been on the rise, the scale of the tourism industry has been on

constant expansion, and the position of tourism in the economy has

been obviously raised.Tourism serves gradually as an important

bridge of cultural exchange, friendship and further exchanges and

exerts more and more extensive influence on the human life and

social progress among various countries.”

5.在翻譯“古往今來,旅游一直是人們增長知識、豐富閱歷、強健體魄的美好追求?!睍r,還是要理解在先。在我們用母語講話時,有些用法不一定完全合乎語法要求,但聽眾一樣能理解并接受我們的表達,這是由于我們都處在同一個語境中,有相同的上下文和類似的背景知識,所以交流并不成問題。但譯員在翻譯時就要動動腦筋,不能機械地按照自己聽到的字詞進行一對一的翻譯。以本句為例,說旅游是一種美好追求,應該說這并不是一個常用的搭配。但稍經分析,就可發現此句實際是在說通過旅游,人們可以實現增長知識、豐富閱歷、強健體魄的美好追求;或是旅游體現了人們?的美好追求。故此句可譯成:“tourism has demonstrated the happy wish of the people for more

knowledge, varied experience and good health” 或可譯成:“tourism is aprocess through which people can realize their pursue for knowledge,varied experience and good health”。

6.‘在古代,中國先哲們就提出了“觀國之光”的思想,倡導“讀萬卷書,行萬里路”,游歷名山大川,承天地之靈氣,接山水之精華?!浝斫?、整理后譯為:“Inancient times, ancient Chinese thinkers raised the idea of

”appreciating the landscape through sightseeing“.Ancient People

also proposed to ”travel ten thousand li and read ten thousand

books'', which shows they found pleasure in enriching themselves

mentally and physically through traveling over famous mountains and

rivers.” 譯文中 “which shows they found pleasure in?”

是譯者的補充,以承上啟下,體現邏輯關系。另外,“承天地之靈氣,接山水之精華”是典型的古漢語表達,萬萬不可機械翻譯??蓹嘁私忉尀椋骸癳nriching

themselves mentally and

physically”.在翻譯某些獨具文化特色的語言現象時,要在充分理解的基礎上,通過適當解釋來達到翻譯的目的,切不可字字對應地去翻譯,或是望文生義、想當然地將其譯成目的語中看似對應的表達。

7.“目前,中國入境旅游人數和旅游外匯收入躍居世界前列,出境旅游人數迅速增加,已經成為旅游大國。”譯成英文:"Presently,China is already a big tourism country who ranks among the top

destinations in the world in terms of both tourist arrivals and

foreign currency receipts, and whose outbound tourists are also

increasing rapidly.”

在原文被譯成英文后,表達順序作了適當調整。這是由于漢語表達的習慣是先分述、再總結;先描述、再結論;而英語表達正好相反。另外,由于英漢語表達習慣不同,“中國入境旅游人數和旅游外匯收入躍居世界前列”被譯成英文:“(China)

ranks among the top destinations in the world in terms of both

tourist arrivals and foreign currency receipts.”

第五篇:準備英語二級口譯

如何準備英語二級口譯考試

可先看看主頁翻譯漫談中盧敏老師的文章.其中有些是二級口譯員的要求,會貫徹到評分中.從本人的經歷盡量推測catti 二級口譯的判分標準。

該考試十分注重考生是否具有真正在現場的口譯能力,與一般英語考試的口試不同。

60分并不是一個只及格的“濫”分數,而是已經具有一定在現場的口譯能力,能擔任一定會議口譯,可以持證上崗的標志。若按現場的表現評定口譯員,80分的考試已是十分優秀的口譯員,并有一定上升為更高一級譯員的潛力。1 口齒清晰,發音標準,語速適中。譯文念出時基本速度一致,沒有忽而快,忽而慢的。聽眾不會因為音發問題,語速問題,聽不清你說什么。這點其實極重要。我在考試聽到有謝考生的英語發音實在不堪入耳,再加上錄音設備的關系(考試語音設備好不了,我在復旦的語音室,那些設備都是陳舊不堪的,沒有一個語音室會有歌星錄音棚的還原原聲效果,因此平時語音要多練,跟著美國本土播音員的發音練。要用美國本土播音員標準要求自己,曲不離口,到時候打點折扣才差不多。但真正極為圓潤的美音有適得其反,設備也會把你的發音弄得不堪入耳。本人大學時受瘋狂英語李陽的熏陶,用他的方法訓練美音,現在能學學湯姆.漢克斯。自比發音強與電視臺中國籍播音員,但考試時一試帶聽了自己的發音,發上覺得這種錄音設備不能使用太卷舌的美音,力求發音清晰,響亮,聽者能聽懂是上策。當然最好是發音像native speaker 譯到美國題材用流暢圓潤的美音,說道英國能用純正頓挫的英音。這恐怕太難,國家級譯員都沒幾個有這水平。但口譯員要求能盡量傳達原文的感情色彩.譯文有感染力也是盧敏老師提到的要求之一.不是干巴巴的翻譯.這對譯文有語音語調音質要求,也有語言措辭的要求.中國人從小學英語忽視發音,認為別人能聽懂就行。但發音漂亮至少清晰這是做口譯的基本標準,也是catti作為考核口譯員資質的基本標準。發音不清,語速過快別人跟不上,或自己組織句子能力弱,語速太慢別人聽得難受,都是不合格的譯員。2 翻譯過程流暢,期間沒有明顯的改口。現場改口聽眾馬上認為這是個濫翻譯。不改口,聲音充滿自信,即便有譯得不標準,不規范之處,別人未必馬上發現。誰見過溫總理記者招待會上翻譯改口再譯,即便是改口,也是一個詞或者詞組說了馬上該回,(這種情況在一次口譯中也只有一兩次)沒有句子說完,重頭再來的??荚嚂r有不少考試錄音結束馬上翻譯,錯了再該,實際已經扣了不少分??荚嚂r我有兩次改口,并非原則錯誤,只是當時覺得這里可以改進。

Gtreat intelligence gives the one who owns it 這里一想the one who owns it 這不是owner 嗎?馬上改口,其實不改也沒什么關系,不就復雜了點嗎。反到是破壞了節奏。

英譯中說中國能源緊缺,china will be vulnerable to oil price fluctuation.(好象是這樣,也可能是oil crisis反正差不多。

當時就翻了“原油價格波動中國容易受影響較大?!钡敃r一定想把vulnerable的容易受攻擊,比較脆弱的意思翻譯出來,這是最后一句,時間有多余。便補了兩句,其實也是這個意思,反到是沒譯出流暢的中文,“對原油價格波動。。顯得比較脆弱。” 兩次都畫蛇添足。這非常考驗口語的表達能力,表達能力強的同學組織句子流暢,改口情況較少。平時應多練練口語,各種題材topic的表述能力,說自己的話都要改口,何況譯別人的話。這還需要多多背誦各種題材topic的英語文章,熟練表達的語匯,知道別人表達這意思怎樣表述,不然無米之炊怎么譯好。

人在翻譯緊張都不自覺發出嘆詞和語氣詞。在現場還不明顯,錄音尤其會不自覺這樣。因為看筆記的信息組織句子,腦子高度緊張,自己會不注意。考前反復提醒自己,說話要流暢,不說一定閉嘴。考前試音發現不翻譯,思考時連呼吸都要控制好,不然錄進去有“呼呼”聲。這也是翻譯流暢要求的標準.3 翻譯的譯文流暢,符合聽眾的目標語習慣。譯成的目標語符合聽眾的習慣。用于規范。譬如:今年5月的題中,講中國家長如何將孩子送去外國念書,在銀行中開了專門的帳戶(open an account)我用了set up 估計扣分了。中國教育的需要加大投入資源,invest more resource 我一緊張(可能前面譯的慢了點,怕時間沒了)用inject 估計是用詞不當。因此在緊張時用時人的水平大打折扣,語法錯了,用詞錯了,第三人稱單數的動詞顧不得了,時態亂了,等等都非??简災阌⒄Z口語的基本功。還有一些基本的標準如:翻譯的信息準確,數字不能譯錯,排比信息中有70%的信息量等等。我不知專家對于譯出中文的標準怎樣,至少準確流暢符合中文的習慣總是不錯的。還有一段中若譯出75%的信息量如何評分(可能看剩下25%中有無重要屬于必須譯出的內容。比如該標準中有20個必譯出的點,每個沒譯好,沒譯出各扣幾分)

上海高口vs 二級口譯

上海高口的口譯考試時間較短,英譯中,中譯英各兩段。共計十分鐘左右。若不小心犯錯很難有機會挽回。本人親生經歷感覺其譯題語速較快,考生需要大部分*腦子記憶,筆記盡量減少(語速快時用還要記筆記會顧此失彼,信息丟失多),有時考試題材比較偏,我沒過的一次考試便出現了“中國京劇的臉譜”“桂林山水的鐘乳石”等等。但其評分標準估計沒有catti二級嚴。我在參與一次國際會議工作時,接觸了一位上外的高口的考試專家組成員(他也是口譯考官之一),非重要信息點中,信息量有70%就能過,當然有些為口譯的考查點,如數字的翻譯,漏了錯了肯定要扣分,還有一些基本的考查點可能是否決項,(基本的必須翻譯正確,錯了這段就fail)。

傳說四段中可以fail 一段,依然算過。但不知現在這一標準怎樣,那是2002年,一位在外做培訓的上外考官老師透露的。這一點可能現在有改動,考生多了要控制通過率。并傳說每個考官要控制自己的通過率(這只是謠傳,未證實,考官說自己是完全按標準給分)

考試時一般比較緊張,翻譯的時間沒有二級充裕,要抓緊翻譯。但我總感覺這個口試不太正規。有時考過的全真題會改編后再考。有些題是市面上題材語匯用一些參考書的內容(梅德明的漢英,英漢口譯實踐常??嫉剑皇怯袝r改裝了一下。原題是英譯中,考試時將書中的中文答案給你做中譯英,當然未必是一摸一樣,可能有一定的改動。當然那兩本書你熟讀能背誦,以前的全真題熟記,會有一定的口譯能力。但一般無人*這個考試的證成為職業翻譯,這個考試的學習,只是對大學英語四六級的極大補充。學習備考這個考試是慢慢邁向職業較高端翻譯的底層基礎。多數通過者在工作中有自己的專業,再加上有一定的翻譯能力,能在企業勝任一定的翻譯工作,有些涉外的工作中能顯出其優勢。但這個考試現在通過人越來越多,我的證書是04年11月取得。證書上的號已是5千多號,估計現在應有6千人左右通過該考試。當然現在這個考試已經向長三角地區推廣,6千人中有部分是非上海地區考生?,F在總覺的這個考試有不爽之處,據說有些培訓機構考前會有“押題”培訓,命中率極高。我通過的那次考試中,考前在等候考試的教師內,邊上的一位考生在看資料,聽磁帶(考前還搞什么)我看了一眼,他看的題我也練過,是以前考過的全真題,結果考試真遇上了,這段英譯中其中基本相同。當然每次考試總有最后一段中譯英真正考考你的翻譯能力,可能是社會熱點,我考時有上海私家車數量增長,與中美貿易的發展(有不少數字)等等。總覺得這個考試“貓膩”多了,證書水分多了。

Catti二級口譯,更像是真正得口譯考試。時間1個多小時,有點像現場得口譯,(現場的口譯時間也差不多這么長)有充分的翻譯時間,這樣即使有點錯有機會彌補。判分老師會根據你的綜合表現給分,看整體的翻譯效果是否達到標準,考試出題,內容題材比較合適,而且考試也趨于正規化,以前的有套二級全真題,語速太快,不像是現場的發言人的語速,(估計出題人認為二級需要有難度,但應該增加題的難度)這點本次5月的考試中已有改進。感覺語速比較適中,口譯時比高口舒服,考生比較適應。

具體的考題題材,考點,難點(最后一段中譯英)我在528考經中有闡述。小妖怪也有回憶敘述補充,我不再重復。

總之,感覺二級口譯的通過能基本證明現場口譯能力,其出題判分都與現場要求基本一致。高口口譯部分整體難度在二級和三級之間(不考慮“貓膩”漏題)口譯本質上是一種技能。improve only though practice.不像筆譯可成為一種學術性的研究(諸如翻譯紅樓夢,或是莎士比亞等文學翻譯尤其如此)口譯更重要需在短時間內駕馭兩種語言的能力,簡潔準確成為第一標準(放棄信,達,雅的筆譯標準)許多學生有時感覺中譯英難,一時get stuck in the moment can not get out of it 是因為其英語的能級不夠,不知道某一個意思的地道英語的表達方式和語匯。因此需時時積累,多看看原版報刊雜志,聽聽voabbc。并把精彩詞句用法記下,時時溫故。再者,可以從英譯中突破中譯英,將英譯中里譯出的中文再譯回英文。看看自己在表達和運用英語思維上的差距。

例1 :今年Bush 的inauguration speech 中有一句 soldiers died in wave upon wave 去過海邊的人知道:海浪一個打上來后退下去,另一個馬上會在打上來,這就是wave upon wave,這個詞恰好表達的是中文前赴后繼,(這是我看到的前赴后繼最好的譯文)因此中文“戰士們前赴后繼,英勇就義”可譯成 soldiers honored their life by sacrifice in wave upon wave(or in one wave upon another)如果你能這樣譯,美國人都會驚訝那么優美的英文。不需要譯成什么marching forward bravely and falling down and another group of ??太羅嗦,不專業。例2 :最近聽bbc 的新聞中報道中美紡織品貿易中的摩擦,美國人抱怨:flooding Us market with low cost Chinese textile goods 其中flooding表示充斥著,可能大多人聽得懂,但有幾個人在翻譯“**泛濫成災“時可以自如的將flood作為動詞使用呢?所以聽懂看懂不是翻譯,須將地道優美的英語翻成中文后你才開始學習翻譯,一舉兩得,學了英譯中更學了中譯英。

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