第一篇:常用工具句型翻譯
十四、常用工具
COMMON TOOLS
339、There are many tools in my tool storage unit(tool chest, tool box).我的工具柜(工具盒、工具箱)里面有很多工具。
340、Get me a hammer(hacksaw, file, scraper, chisel, socket, wrench, hook spanner, adjustable wrench, pipe wrench, ratchet wrench, open end wrench, screw driver, hand vice, pliers, pocket knife).給我拿一把手錘(鋼鋸、銼刀、刮刀、鑿子、套筒扳手、鉤扳手、活動扳手、管扳手、棘輪扳手、開口扳手、螺絲刀、手鉗、扁嘴鉗、小刀)。
341、Straightedge rule(square rule, slide gauge, inside and outside micrometer, steel tape, feeler, dial gauge, depth micrometer, wire gage, radius gage, thread pitch gage)is a kind of common measuring tool.直尺(角尺、游標卡尺、內(nèi)徑和外徑千分尺、鋼卷尺、塞尺、千分表、深度千分尺、線規(guī)、半徑規(guī)、螺距規(guī))是一種常用量具。
342、The precision of this fitter level(cross-test level)is 0.02mm/M.這個鉗工水平儀(框架式水平儀)的精度為0.02毫米/米。
343、We have got the instrument(pressure gauge, thermometer, tachometer, current meter, universal meter)ready for the experiment(test).我們已經(jīng)準備好做實驗(試驗)的儀器(壓力表、溫度計、轉(zhuǎn)速計、電流表、萬用表)。
344、That is an air(electric)powered grinder(portable grinder, angle grinder, straight grinder, drill, impact wrench, riveting hammer, hammer drill).那是一個氣(電)動砂輪機(手持砂輪機、角型砂輪、直型砂輪、鉆機、沖擊扳手、鉚釘錘、錘鉆機)。
345、Our electrical tools are double insulated and approved to international safety standards.我們的電動工具都是雙重絕緣的,并符合國際安全標準。
346、Hydraulic pump is the power unit of the hydraulic puller(hydraulic press, hydraulic pipe bender, hydraulic jack).油壓泵是油壓拉出器(油壓機、油壓彎管機、油壓千斤頂)的動力裝置。
347、A welder’s kit contains electrode holder, welding torch, helmet shield, portable electrode heating box and temperature measuring pen.一名焊工的成套工具包括焊鉗、焊炬、面罩、手提式焊條加熱箱和測溫筆。
348、The diameter of this wire rope(hemp rope, sling)is three-fourth inches(3/4”).這鋼絲繩(麻繩、吊索)的直徑為3/4英寸。
349、The lifting capacity of this chain hoist(hydraulic jack, screw jack)is 5tons.這個吊鏈(油壓千斤頂、螺旋千斤頂)的起重能力為5噸。
350、The vise(parallel-jaw vice)is available to all of the bench work.所有的鉗工工作都可使用臺鉗(平口鉗)。
351、Grease gun and oiler are the lubrication service tools for machinery.油槍和注油器都是機械潤滑維護工具。
352、Torque wrenches offer the precision measurement needed to tighten fasteners.力矩扳手可以提供禁錮螺栓所需的精確力矩計量。
353、The measuring unit of torque wrench is pound-inch or kilogram-centimeter.力矩扳手的計量單位為鎊-寸或者公斤-厘米。
354、Is the machine accompanied with some tools(spare parts, accessories)?
這臺機器隨機帶有一些工具(備件、附件)嗎?
355、Shall we use a special tool for this job?
我們干這活要使用專用工具嗎?
356、Could you tell us how to use(operate, repair, maintain, clean, adjust)this new tool?
你能告訴我們?nèi)绾问褂茫ú僮鳌⑿蘩怼⒕S護、清理、調(diào)整)這個新工具嗎?
357、The tool gets out of order, we must remedy its trouble.這工具有毛病,我們必須排除它的故障。
358、The tool is out of repair, it needs an overhaul.這工具失修,需要拆修。
359、From your explanation I shall easily handle it.聽了你的說明,我將易于操縱它。
360、The tools must be well kept.工具必須妥善保管。
十五、工程材料
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
361 There are some material warehouses(store yards)on the construction site.在工地上有一些材料倉庫(堆場)。
362 Our store officer is responsible for the warehousing and issuing of materials.我們的倉庫管理員負責保管和發(fā)放材料。
363 We use Scientific-management system for material shortage and its control.我們應(yīng)用科學管理體系處理材料短缺及其調(diào)節(jié)。
364 These materials are imported from abroad(supplied by the Seller).這些材料是從國外進口的(賣方供應(yīng)的)。
365 What is the feature about it?
這些材料的特性是什么?
366 The construction material answers our purpose satisfactorily.這種建筑材料能滿足我們的需要。
367 The average traffic fuel(gasoline)consumption of this lorry is 0.3 liter per kilometer(l/km).這臺貨車的平均行車柴油(汽油)耗量為每公里0.3公升。
368 Hydraulic oil(lubrication oil)which having a viscosity of about 4.5°Eat 50℃ can be used for this vehicle(machine).具有恩氏粘度4.5°E(50℃)的液壓油(潤滑油)可用于此車輛(機器)。
369 This special oil comes from the “SHELL” company(CALTEX, MOCBIL,GULF, ESSO, CASTROL, BP).這種特種油來自“殼牌”公司(加德士、飛馬、海灣、埃索、卡斯特羅、英國石油公司)。
370 Cement steel and timber are the most important construction materials used in civil engineering.水泥、鋼材和木材是土建工程中最重要的建筑材料。
371 Typical structural steel shapes include beams, channels, angles and tees.典型的結(jié)構(gòu)型鋼包括工字鋼、槽鋼、角鋼和丁字鋼。
372 There are four broad classifications of steel : carbon steels, alloy steels, high-strength low-alloy steels and stainless steels.鋼材大致辭可分為四類,即:碳素鋼、合金鋼、高強度低合金鋼和不銹鋼。
373 Copper, zinc, lead, aluminium, bronze and brass are nonferrous metals or alloys.銅、鋅、鉛、鋁、青銅和黃銅都是有色金屬或合金。
374 This alloy is mainly composed of element chromium and nickel(titanium, vanadium, manganese).這種合金主要由元素鉻和鎳(鈦、鋇、錳)組成。
375 The standards “GB” and “YB” provide the method of testing for materials in our country just like the standard ASTM in America.在我們GB(國標)和YB(冶標)規(guī)定材料的試驗方法,正如美國的ASTM標準一樣。
376 We have asbestos(rubber, plastic, glass, paint)products of all kinds.我們有各種石棉(橡膠、塑料、玻璃、油漆)制品。
377 Bolt(screw, nut, stud, spring washer, pin, ball bearing, roller bearing)is the most commonly used machine part.螺栓(螺釘、螺帽、雙頭螺栓、彈簧墊圈、銷、滾珠軸承、滾柱軸承)是最常用的機械零件。
378 Cast iron cannot compare with steel in tensile strength.鑄鐵在抗拉強度上比不上鋼。
379 Erection of the equipment will be carried out according to the specifications and drawings.設(shè)備安裝將按照說明書和圖紙進行。
380 All site erection works will be performed by the Buyer under the technical instruction of the Seller.所有的現(xiàn)場安裝工作都應(yīng)在賣方的技術(shù)指導(dǎo)下由買方完成。
381 The construction company is fully in charge of the administration of all erection work.建設(shè)公司完全負責全部安裝工程的行政管理。
382 Our company cover all construction activities, that is : piling , civil engineering, mechanical erection, piping, electrical, instrumentation, painting and insulation work.我們公司涉及所有施工活動,包括:打樁、土建工程、機械安裝、配管、電氣、儀表、油漆和保溫絕緣工作。
383 What is the feature of this cracker(cracking furnace, heating furnace, reactor, mixer, centrifuger, belt-conveyer)?
這臺裂解器(裂解爐、加熱爐、反應(yīng)器、攪拌器、離心機、皮帶輸送機)的特點是什么?
384 The spherical tank(gas holder , container)will be shipped in the condition of edge prepared and bent plates.球罐(氣柜、容器)將以板加工和彎板的條件發(fā)貨。
385 I think that the on-site training will be necessary for the tank.我想槽罐焊接工作的現(xiàn)場培訓(xùn)是必要的。
386 The cooler(condenser, separator, boiler, generator, scrubber, stripper, heat exchanger)is a pressure vessel.It is subject to the pressure vessel code.這臺冷卻器是一個壓力容器,它必須服從壓力容器法規(guī)。(冷凝器、分離器、鍋爐、發(fā)生器、洗滌器、汽提器、熱交換器)
387 The pressure vessel must be inspected by our authoritative organization-Administration of Labour.壓力容器必須接受我們的權(quán)威機構(gòu)勞動總局的監(jiān)察。
388 The new reciprocating(centrifugal, opposed-balanced)compressor will be installed next week.下周將安裝這臺新的往復(fù)式(離心式、對置平衡式)壓縮機。
389 The distilling column(absorber, column evaporator, regenerator, column washer)is a kind of equipment for outdoor installation.蒸餾塔(吸收塔、蒸發(fā)柱、再生塔、洗滌塔)是一種室外安裝的設(shè)備。
390 The TG70 steam turbine has a operation speed of 9600 rotations per minute(RPM).TG70型蒸汽透平的運轉(zhuǎn)速度為每分鐘9600轉(zhuǎn)。
391 What do you think of this erection work?
你看這項安裝工作如何?
392 This low(middle, high)pressure blower(pump)will be assembled in the No.3 workshop.這臺低(中、高)壓鼓風機(泵)將在三號車間里予以裝配。
393 We are adjusting(installing, checking, aligning , leveling, purging)the equipment.我們正在調(diào)整(安裝、檢查、找正、找平、清洗)這臺設(shè)備。
394 The working team will finish the job next week.工作班組將在下周干完這活。
395 We can adjust the levelness of the machine by means of shim and screw jack.我們可以利用墊鐵和螺絲千斤頂來調(diào)整機器的水平度。
396 After seven days , the grouted mortar will have concreted, then we shall tighten the anchor bolts.灌漿在七天以后凝固,我們就將擰緊地腳螺栓。
397 The alignment of the coupling should be performed by two dial gauges.靠背輪的找正對準應(yīng)用兩只千分表來進行。
398 The maximum allowable misalignment of the coupling is 0.02mm.靠背輪找正的最大允許偏差為0.02毫米。
399 How many radial(axial)clearnance are there in this bush(journal bearing , thrust bearing)?
這個軸套(軸頸軸承、止推軸承)的徑向(軸向)間隙是多少?
400 Does the bolt fit the nut?
螺栓與螺母不配。
401 We prefer welding to riveting.我們認為焊接比鉚接好。
402 Do you know how to assemble(adjust)this new machine?
你知道如何裝配(調(diào)整)這臺新機器嗎?
十七、工藝管道
PROCESS PIPING
403 The design of the process piping is performed directly on a model of the project.工藝配管的設(shè)計是直接按照工程項目的一個模型完成的。
404 The model is an actual working tool for piping.模型是配管用的實際工具。
405 Piping erection work include: prefabrication, placing, aligning, welding and bolting.管道安裝工作包括:預(yù)制加工、安置、對準、焊接和連接。
406 Our piping prefabrication workshop covers a total area of 1000m2.我們的管道預(yù)制加工廠擁有一千平方米的面積。
407 We can perform the pipe by following operations: cutting and mechanical chamfering, manual and automatic welding.我們可以對管子進行下列預(yù)制加工:切割和機械加工坡口,手工和自動焊接等。
408 The computer generates isometric drawings and prints out bill of materials.計算機繪出管道空視圖,并打印出材料明細表。
409 We shall complete the manhour requirements for the site fabrication(site erection)of this drawing.我們將制訂這張圖紙現(xiàn)場制作(現(xiàn)場安裝)所需的工時條件。
410 Seamless steel tube is made in sizes for 1/8 to 24 inches.無縫鋼管制作的尺寸從八分之一寸到二十四寸。
411 Spiral-welded steel pipe is available in sizes from 6 to 36 inches.螺旋焊接鋼管的尺寸從六寸到三十六寸。
412 Two types of end are standard on steel pipes and fittings, that is flanged and screwed.鋼管和管件有兩種標準端部型式,即:法蘭和絲扣。
413 This pipe is made of carbon steel(stainless steel ,cast iron, plastic).這管子是碳素鋼(不銹鋼、鑄鐵、塑料)制成的。
414 We usually use elbow(bend, flange, tee, reducer)as a kind of pipe fitting.我們常用彎頭(彎管、法蘭、三通、大小關(guān))作為一種管件。
415 What is the installation elevation of this pipeline?
這條管線的安裝標高是多少?
416 This pipeline will be installed on the No.8 pipe rack.這條管線將安裝于八號管廊架上。
417 The transfer medium in this pipeline is liquid ammonia(process air , soft water, alkali liquor, acidic gas).這條管線的輸送介質(zhì)為液氨(工藝空氣、軟水、堿液、酸性氣體)。
418 This is a gate valve(check valve, butterfly valve, cut-off valve, magnetic valve, remote valve, relief valve, throttle valve, cock).這是一個閘閥(止回閥、蝶閥、切斷閥、電磁閥、遙控閥、安全閥、節(jié)流閥、旋塞)。
419 Please explain the method of field test and flushing(blowing off)of the pipelines.請說明管線的現(xiàn)場試驗和沖洗(吹凈)方法。
420 We shall conduct the clean water for the hydrostatic test of the austenitic stainless steel pipe.我們將為奧氏體不銹鋼管的水壓試驗引進凈水。
421 We need a piping material list(list of piping support, bill of welding rod).我們需要一份配管材料表(管架一覽表、焊條明細表)。
422 The welding(heat treatment)of pipes have been carried out with incorporated programming.管子的焊接(熱處理)現(xiàn)已按照編寫的程序完成。
423 We can carry out various treatment for the inner surface of pipes, such as sanding , chemical pickling, purging and passivation.我們可以進行管子內(nèi)壁的各種處理,諸如:噴砂、化學酸洗、沖洗和鈍化。
424 The outer surface of this pipeline will be painted in green(red, yellow, blue, white, black ,grey, brown)colour.這條管線的外表面將涂刷綠(紅、黃、藍、白、黑、灰、棕)色。
十八、質(zhì)量管理
QUALITY CONTROL
425 Total Quality Control(TQC)is a better quality control system.全面質(zhì)量管理(簡稱TQC)是一種較好的質(zhì)量管理體系。
426 TQC over the project will be strengthened.對于這個工程的全面質(zhì)量管理將要加強。
427 To maintain the best quality of the construction work is the important responsibility of the field controllers.保持施工工作的優(yōu)良質(zhì)量是現(xiàn)場管理人員的重要職責。
428 We possess skilled technician and complete measuring and test instruments used to ensure the quality of engineering.我們擁有熟練的技術(shù)力量和齊全的檢測手段,可以確保工程質(zhì)量。
429 Field inspection work is handled(executed, directed)by our Inspection Section.現(xiàn)場檢查工作由我們的檢查科管理(實施、指導(dǎo))。
430 Our site quality inspector will report to the Project Manager everyday.我們的現(xiàn)場質(zhì)量檢查員將每天向工程項目經(jīng)理匯報。
431 I want to see the certificate of quality(certificate of manufacturer, certificate of inspection, certificate of shipment, material certificate, certificate of proof).我要看看質(zhì)量證書(制造廠證書、檢查證明書、出口許可證書、材料合格證、檢驗證書)。
432 Here is the report of chemical composition inspection.這是化學成份檢驗報告。
433 Is it OK(good, guaranteed, satisfied, passed)?
那是正確的(好的、保證的、滿意的、合格的)嗎?
434 We shall take the sample to test its physical properties(mechanical properties, tensile strength, yield point, percentage elongation, reduction of area, impact value, Brinell hardness).我們將取樣試驗其物理性能(機械性能、抗張強度、屈服點、延伸率、斷面收縮率、沖擊值、布氏硬度)。
435 We have received Certificate of Authorization for the fabrication and erection of pressure vessels.我們具有壓力容器制作和安裝的授權(quán)認可證書。
436 The welds passed the examination of radiographic test(ultrasonic inspection, magnetic testing).這焊縫通過射線透視檢查(超聲波探傷、磁力探傷)合格。
437 Are you a qualified nondestructive testing(NDT)person?
你是具有資格的無損檢測人員嗎?
438 Let us go to the laboratory to check the radiographic films.請到試驗室去檢查透視片子。
439 This job will have to be done over again.這活必須返工重做。
440 The defect must be repaired at once.缺陷必須立即修理。
441 This problem of quality needs a further discussion.這個質(zhì)量總是需要進一步研討。
442 The ISO standards have been used by our company in this project.國際標準(ISO)已為我公司采用于此工程中。
443 The testing results fulfill quality requirement.試驗結(jié)果達到質(zhì)量要求。
444 Check list(quality specification)has been signed by the controller(inspector, checker).檢驗單(質(zhì)量說明書)已由管理員(檢查員、審核人)簽字。
十九、試車和開車(30句)
TEST RUN AND START-UP
445 We shall put the machine to trial(test run)after the erection work has been finished.這臺機器安裝工作完成以后就將進行試車。(試運轉(zhuǎn))
446 The mechanical completion check list of the unit has been approved by both of the Buyer’s and Seler’s representative.這個裝置的機械竣工檢驗表已由買方和賣方的代表審定。
447 We should start the installation according to the instruction and operation manual.我們應(yīng)該根據(jù)說明書和操作手冊來開動這個裝置。
448 The systematic hydrostatic test(dry run , hot test, dynamic test, actual start-up)is scheduled for next Monday.系統(tǒng)水壓試驗(學習、加熱試驗、動力試驗、實際開車)定于下星期一進行。
449 We have planned to finish the adjustment of the machine before Tuesday.我們計劃在星期二以前完成機器的調(diào)試工作。
450 Before initial start-up of the installation, we must check the equipment carefully.在裝置初次開動以前,我們必須仔細地檢查這些設(shè)備。
451 Shall we begin the test run at once?
我們立即開始試車好嗎?
452 The compressor is loaded up with the medium of air(nitrogen, process gas).壓縮機以空氣(氮氣、工藝氣體)加載運轉(zhuǎn)。
453 The turbine had been running for 4 hours before carrying a full load.透平在滿載前已經(jīng)運轉(zhuǎn)了四個小時。
454 We shall soon put the chemical installation into commissioning test run.(performance test)
我們將很快地把這個化工裝置進行投料試生產(chǎn)。(性能考核)
455 According to the schedule, the first batch process will be produced on October first this year.根據(jù)進度表,今年十月一日將首次批量生產(chǎn)。
456 The machine is in good working order.這臺機器運轉(zhuǎn)良好。
457 The machine is out of order, will you see to it , please.這臺機器運轉(zhuǎn)不好,請你去檢看一下。
458 I felt the machine shake seriously.我感到這機器震動嚴重。
459 The machine parts went hot.這機器零件發(fā)熱。
460 The noise of the machine is very loud.這臺機器噪音很大。
461 The machine is knocking badly.這臺機器敲擊聲厲害。
462 If there arises any abnormal temperature(unusual noises, vibration), it is necessary to stop the machine and investigate the cause.如果產(chǎn)生不正常的溫升(異常噪音、振動),必須停車查明原因。
463 You must turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the motor.如果電動機有什么毛病時,你必須關(guān)掉開關(guān)。
464 We have planned to finish the adjustment of the machine before Tuesday.我們應(yīng)該漸漸地增加壓縮機的壓力,并逐步投入滿負荷運行。
465 The rotation number of the machine is on the increase.機器的轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)在增加。
466 After a few hours running , we shall check the machine;and replace the oil , if necessary.在數(shù)小時運轉(zhuǎn)后,我們將檢查機器;并在必要時換油。
467 We shall select the suitable grease in accordance with the lubrication chart.我們要根據(jù)潤滑表來選用合適的油脂。
468 What is the trouble with the machine?
這機器有什么故障?
469 I think the trouble lies here.我想故障在這里。
470 It is necessary that we should repair it at once.我們必須立即修理它。
471 We shall give the machine another trial at 10 o’clock.我們將在十點鐘把這臺機器再試一次。
472 The machine runs perfectly well , it had been operating with a continuous run of 72 hours.這強機器運轉(zhuǎn)很好,它至今已連續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)了七十二小時。
473 The result of the test run satisfied us.試車結(jié)果使我們很滿意。
474 It is not doubtful that the test run will be successful.試車將會成功是無疑的。
二十、在宴會上(26句)
AT THE BANQUET
475 How do you do ?
你好嗎?
I am very glad to meet you.見到你很高興。
476 Take this seat, please.請坐這個座位。
Sit down, please.請坐。
477 Allow me to introduce myself.I am Wang Dong.請讓我自我介紹一下,我是王東。
May I introduce Mr.Yu.請讓我把于先生介紹給你。
This is Mr.Li(Mrs.wu, Miss Liu, Comrade Yang).這位是李先生(吳夫人、劉小姐、楊同志)。
May I ask your name?
請問你叫什么名字?
478 Welcome to China(Shanghai, Nanjing, Anhui).歡迎你來中國(上海、南京、安徽)。
Welcome to our construction site(factory).歡迎你到我們工地(工廠)來。
479 Did you have a nice trip?
旅途順利嗎?
Is this your first trip to China?
這是你第一次來中國嗎?
480 I hope you will have a pleasant work here.希望你在這里工作愉快。
Hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望你在這里過得愉快。
481 Please don’t stand on ceremony , if you please.別客氣,請隨便。
Make yourself at home.請別拘束。
482 Try some of this Roast Duck.嘗嘗這個烤鴨。
483 Help yourself to that fish.請吃那個魚。
484 Do you want some desert?
你要點甜食嗎?
485 Would you like a bowl of soup?
你要一碗湯嗎?
486 What would you like to drink?
你想喝點什么?
487 Have a glass of beer(red wine, liquor), please.請喝一杯啤酒(紅酒、白酒)。
Please try this “Mao Tai” Fenjiu, Gujing, Tequ, Qingdao Beer), it is the best drink in our country(province, city).的酒。
請嘗喝這茅臺灑(汾酒、古井酒、特曲酒、青島啤酒),這是我國(省、市)最好488 This is a course of Chinese dish, help yourself.這是一道中國菜,請吃。
Do you prefer Chinese or Western food? 你喜歡中餐還是西餐?
Shall we have some rice(bread)? 吃點米飯(面包)嗎?
489 I don’t know what name of this dish, let us take a look at the menu.我不知道這菜的名稱,讓我們來看一下菜譜。
It is called “Jiaozi” in Chinese, it means meat dumpling.這儀器中文名叫“餃子”,意思是肉餡面食。
490 Here is the Western tableware: knife, fork and spoon.這是西餐用具:刀、叉和匙。
This is a pair of Chinese chopsticks, try it and see if you like it.這是一雙中國筷子,試試看你是不是喜歡它。491 I am very glad you like it , do have more.我很高興你喜歡這菜,請多吃些。No, thanks, I have had enough.謝謝,不要了,我夠了。
492 Here’s to the health of our friends-to your health!為朋友們的健康干杯!
493 May the friendship between us continue to grow-to our friendship and cooperation!為我們之間的友誼進一步增長——為友誼和合作干杯!494 Here’s to you(everyone)!向你(大家)祝酒!Congratulations!表示祝賀!Good luck!祝你好運!Cheers!祝你愉快!Bottoms up!干杯!
495 Would you like a cup of tea(milk, coffee, cocoa, orange juice, mineral water)? 你要一杯茶(牛奶、咖啡、可可、桔子汁、礦泉水)嗎? Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? 你喜歡什么,咖啡還是茶?
496 Try our filter cigarettes “ZHONGHUA”(SHANGHAI, DAQIANMEN), please.請嘗吸我們的過濾咀香煙“中華牌”(上海牌、大前門牌)。497 We give a warm send-off to you!我們熱烈歡送你!
498 Thank you for your work in promoting the modernization of our country.感謝你為促進我國的現(xiàn)代化而做的工作。
499 I wish you a pleasant journey!祝你旅途愉快!Bon voyage!一路順風!500 Good-by!再見!Good night!晚安。
Hope to see you again.希望能再見到你。
第二篇:翻譯工具
最近翻譯文獻,在這過程中,對各大在線翻譯網(wǎng)站和翻譯軟件進行了比較。總結(jié)下心得,為大家推薦一二。
在線翻譯網(wǎng)站
排名1.雅虎寶貝魚
http://fanyi.cn.yahoo.com/
橫向比較后,雅虎寶貝魚脫穎而出,成為了排名1的在線翻譯網(wǎng)站。其提供英語詞典和全文翻譯兩項服務(wù),翻譯準確率、詞庫量和語言邏輯性上表現(xiàn)都很好。尤其是它的全文翻譯功能,很多譯文很符合中文語言習慣,幾乎可以直接使用,不是Google的腦殘文可以比的。
排名2.有道
http://dict.yodao.com/
有道是網(wǎng)易做的垂直搜索網(wǎng)站,其中有道海量詞典只提供單詞和詞組查詢,但就像其名字一樣,其詞匯量非常大,論文中很多生僻的專業(yè)名詞都是考它搞定的。
有了以上兩個就差不多可以搞定論文翻譯了,Google可以排名3,就不詳細介紹了。桌面翻譯軟件
排名1.Lingoes 靈格斯詞霸
http:///
您還在用金山詞霸嗎?恭喜您OUT了。鄭重向您推薦Lingoes靈格斯詞霸。Lingoes是免費的桌面翻譯軟件,其體積小,并提供數(shù)十種擴展詞庫,并提供多種在線全文翻譯功能,而且占用內(nèi)存少。使用它,你幾乎可以不需要其他翻譯軟件了。不足是,當有新版本更新后,原理的版本就無法使用了,需要重新下載新的版本安裝。還有取詞功能不夠靈敏。排名2.有道桌面翻譯軟件
不多介紹了,是有道海量詞典的桌面版,功能和性能都與網(wǎng)絡(luò)版海量詞典相同,而且只有2.4M大小,桌面取詞功能也很強大。唯一不足的是不具備全文翻譯功能。
第三篇:句型翻譯
句式1:there be句型結(jié)構(gòu)
★此句型是由there+be+主語+狀語構(gòu)成,用以表達存在有,一種無主語的有。它其實是倒裝的一種情況,主語位于謂語動詞be之后,there僅為引導(dǎo)詞,并無實際意義。be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致,有時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。現(xiàn)在有 there is/are ? 過去有 there was/were?
將來有 there will be…/there is /are going to be...現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been? 可能有 there might be …
肯定有 there must be …/there must have been… 過去一直有 there used to be ?
似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …
碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …
此句型有時不用be動詞,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。
★翻譯練習(要求用There be 句型):
1、一年有多少個月?
2、我家有5口人。
3、我們學校有各種各樣的課外活動。
4、你們城里有多少所幼兒園?
5、他們工廠有很多新機器。
6、現(xiàn)在有許多同學在教室學習。
7、房間有許多家具,墻壁上有許多照片。
8、在我們村莊附近有一家醫(yī)院。
9、今天的報紙有許多新消息嗎?
10、這個星期六有音樂會嗎?
11、花園里有一個游泳池。
12、別匆匆忙忙。有的是時間。
13、在屋子里有一張寫字臺、一臺計算機和幾堆書。
14、我們學校下星期將有一個晚會。
15、在這個山洞前面長著一棵高大的松樹。
16、過去我們村莊有一所小學。
17、晚會的活動內(nèi)容有音樂、跳舞、唱歌和游戲。
18、在學校前面有一條小河。
19、然而,還存在一些問題,如水、空氣污染和交通擁擠。20、從前,在海邊的一個村子里住著一位老漁夫。
參考答案:
1.How many months are there in a year? 2.There are five people in my family.3.There are all kinds of after-class activities in our school.4.How many kindergartens are there in your city? 5.There are a lot of new machines in their factory.6.Now there are many students studying in the classroom.7.There is much furniture in the room.There are many photos on the wall.8.There is a hospital near our village.9.Is there much news on today’s newspaper? 10.Is there going to be a concert this Saturday? 11.There is a swimming pool in the garden.12.Don’t hurry.There is enough time.13.There is a writing desk, a computer and a few piles of books in the room.14.There will be an evening party in our school next Monday.15.In front of the cave, there stands(grows)a tall pine tree.16.There used to be a primary school in our village.17.There is music, dancing and games at the evening party.18.There lies a small river in front of our school.19.However, there exist some problems, such as, water pollution, air pollution and crowdedheavy traffic.20.Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea
句型2:動詞不定式 動詞不定式:動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞,非謂語動詞是指那些在句中不能單獨充當謂語的動詞,分為不定式,動名詞,現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞,由to+動詞原形構(gòu)成,但在有些情況下to可以省略。在句中不能單獨作謂語。它具有動詞的性質(zhì),本身可以帶賓語和狀語。動詞不定式在句中可以作除了謂語之外的任何成分,還可用在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,而且有完成時、進行時、完成進行時和否定形式。動詞不定式的被動形式除了一般形式外還有其完成式和進行式。翻譯下面的句子:
1、騎自行車到那兒要花我們半小時。
2、照顧老人是我們的職責。
3、我們要在十五分鐘寫完這篇作文是很難的。
4、尊重別人就是尊重自己。
5、當你不用車的時候,鎖車是有必要的。
6、司機沒能及時看見另一輛車(fail)。
7、我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
8、他答應(yīng)一小時后回來。
9、我發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能不用計算機而解出這道題目。
10、我覺得被邀請在會上面對這么多學生發(fā)言是一件很光榮的事情。
11、沒有人能告訴我哪里能買到這本書。
12、我們打算在那兒呆一個星期。
13、我認為我們學好一門外語非常重要。
14、什么時候出發(fā)去倫敦還沒有決定。
15、史密斯先生不知道離開那里還是留在那里。
1.To get there by bike will take us half an hour.2.It's our duty to take good care of the old.3.It is very difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.4.To respect others is to be respected.5.It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.6.The driver failed to see the other car in time.7.I happen to know the answer to your question.8.He promised to return in an hour.9.I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer.10.I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.11.No one could tell me where to buy(get)the book.12.We have meant(planned, intended)to stay there a week.13.We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.14.When to leave for London has not been decided yet.15.Mr.Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.句型3:動名詞
動名詞:動名詞(the Gerund)是非限定動詞,由動詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成。它具有動詞的特征與名詞的特征,在各類應(yīng)試中都是一項重要的測試內(nèi)容。英語動名詞有兩個特點,1、它是從動詞變化而來的,所以它保留了動詞的某些特征,例如它能帶自己的賓語、狀語等,這時就叫動名詞短語;
2、顧名思義,動名詞最大的特點是它相當于一個名詞,因此,動名詞可以在句中作主語、賓語等。因為它作為名詞來使用,所以動名詞也有像名詞一樣的“所有格形式”。翻譯下面句子:
1、在夏天,游泳是最好的鍛煉方式。
2、生活沒有目標就像航海沒有指南針一樣。
3、早晨朗讀英文會給你帶來許多好處。
4、考試作弊毀壞人的性格。
5、他當選為我們的主席使我們很開心。
6、同他爭論是無用的。
7、學而不實踐是沒好處的。
8、他的愛好是集郵。
9、他的業(yè)余工作是為那家公司推銷新產(chǎn)品。
10、他設(shè)法避免(escape)患那種疾病。
11、聽完了那個滑稽故事,我們?nèi)滩蛔⌒α恕?/p>
12、犯罪嫌疑人(suspect)否認他那晚開過辦公室的電腦。
13、我期待著您下一次的到來。
14、我們最好把這事推遲到下個星期討論。
15、他因打斷了我們的談話而向我們道歉。
16、那位秘書因沒有按時將報告打印出來而受責備。
1.Swimming is the best exercise in summer.2.Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.3.Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.4.Cheating in an exam ruins one's character.5.His being elected our chairman made us very happy.6.It is no use arguing with him.7.It is no good learning without practice.8.His hobby is collecting stamps.9.His part-time job is promoting new products for the company.10.He managed to escape suffering from the disease.11.After hearing the funny story, all of us couldn't help laughing.12.The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.13.I'm looking forward to your coming next time.14.We'd better postpone discussing it till next week.15.He apologized for interrupting us.16.The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time.句型4:狀語從句
狀語從句:在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句,它可以用來修飾謂語(包括非謂語動詞)、定語或狀語,或是整個句子。狀語從句通常由一個連詞引起,也可以由一個起連詞作用的詞組引起,有時甚至不需要連詞直接和主句連接起來。狀語從句一般分為九大類:(一)、時間狀語從句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,as soon as,hardly…when, no sooner…than, scarcely…when, the moment等連詞引導(dǎo)。
1、你一旦見過他,就不會忘了他的(once)。
2、我一有他的答復(fù)就給你打電話(as soon as/the moment)。
3、我還沒來得及阻止他他就跑掉了(before)。
4、不久他就把自信車還給我了(before)。
5、每當我們遇上困難的時候,他們就來幫我們(whenever)。
6、他告訴我了我才知道這件事(till)。
7、不親眼看到,他就不會相信(until)。
8、我每次去他家,他都出去了(every time/each time)。
9、昨晚我寫信時他在看電視(while)。
10、隨著年齡的增加,她開始變聾了(as, go deaf)。
11、趁年輕我們應(yīng)該努力學習(while)。【趁熱打鐵】。
1.Once you see him, you will never forget him.2.I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.3.He ran off before I could stop him.4.It was not long before he returned the bicycle to me.5.Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.6.I knew nothing about it until / till he told me.7.He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.8.Every time I went to his house, he was out.9.He was watching TV last night while I was writing a letter. 10.As she got older, she began to go deaf.11.We should work hard while we are young.(Strike while the iron is hot.)
(二)原因狀語從句
一般用 because, since, now that, as和for引導(dǎo)。偶爾也用considering that(顧及到), seeing that(由于)引導(dǎo)。
12、他沒有回答我的問題僅僅是因為他不會(because)。
13、既然你沒有事可做,為什么不幫我呢(since/now that)?
14、由于天越來越晚,我們就回家了(as)。
15、我們必須戒除粗心,由于它會導(dǎo)致錯誤(for)。
16、由于今于是星期天,我們沒有去上學(because并用于強調(diào)句型)。
17、他不可能見過我,因為當時我不在那兒(because)。
18、既然大家都來了,咱們就設(shè)法做出一個決定吧(since/now that)。
19、考慮到他們才剛剛學做,他們干得算很不錯的了(considering that)。
12.He didn’t answer my question simply because he couldn't. 13.Since you have nothing to do,why don’t you help me.14.As it was getting late, we went home.
15.We must get rid of carelessnessfor it often leads to errors/mistakes.16.It is because today is Sunday that we don’t go to school.17.He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.18.Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and make a decision.19.Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.(三)地點狀語從句
是由where(在……的地方), wherever(無論哪里)引導(dǎo)。20、武漢位于長江和漢水匯合處(the Yangtze and the Han River)。
21、有志者,事竟成。
22、哪兒有問題,你最好在哪兒做個記號。
23、他無論在什么地方,總是與我們保持聯(lián)系。
24、村民們在污染嚴重的地方種植了許多樹。
25、年輕人應(yīng)該到最需要的地方去。
26、我把相片放在我每天都能看到的地方。
27、無論我們?nèi)ツ睦铮覀兌家娜獾貫槿嗣穹?wù)。
28、請站在原地。
20.Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.21.Where there is a will, there is a way.22.You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.23.He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.24.The villagers have planted many trees where the pollution is very serious.25.The young should go where they are most needed.26.I keep the photo where I can see it every day.27.Wherever we go, we will serve the people heart and soul.28.Please stay where you are.(四)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句 的主要連詞有:that, so that(以便), in order that(為了), for fear that(以便), in case(萬一)等,從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞,如:can, could, may, might, should等。
29、我們坐前排吧,這樣我們看得更清楚些。30、最好多帶些衣服以防天氣會冷。
31、我早晨早早起床以便趕上第一班公共汽車。
32、他努力學習以便將來能更好地為人民服務(wù)。
33、我們把收音機音量開大以便每個人都能聽到那條重要的消息。
29.Let’s take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.30.(You had)Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.31.I got up early in the morning so that I could catch the first bus.32.He studies hard in order that he can serve the people better in the future.33.We turned the radio up so that everyone might hear the important news.(五)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句 的連詞有:that, so that(從句中不帶情態(tài)動詞), so…that(如此……以致……), such…that(如此……以致……)等。
34、我們把收音機音量開大,結(jié)果每個人都聽到了那條重要的消息。
35、他沒把時間計劃好,結(jié)果沒按時完成這項工作。
36、我們走得匆忙,把門都忘了鎖了。
37、這村子太小,所以這地圖上沒有(show)。
38、Jenny是如此聰明的女孩,以至老師們都非常喜歡她。
39、他朋友很少,所以經(jīng)常感到孤獨。
40、我摔了許多跤,以至于渾身青一塊,紫一塊(black and blue)。
34.We turned the radio up, so that everyone heard the important news.35.He didn’t plan his time well, so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.36.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.37.The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.38.Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much = Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much.39.He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.40.I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.(六)條件狀語從句:
表示條件的狀語從句可以由if(如果), unless(除非), in case(萬一), so /as long as(只要), as/ so far as(就??而言), on condition that(條件是??), suppose(假設(shè)), supposing(假設(shè))(僅用在問句中)等詞或詞組引導(dǎo)。一般情況下當主句是將來時的時候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
41、只要我們不灰心,我們就能找到克服困難的方法(as/so long as)。
42、萬一你有什么困難,請給我們一個信兒(in case)。
43、如果你明早6點鐘走,你最好現(xiàn)在就上床(if)。
44、只要你能保持整潔,我們可以讓你使用這個房間(on condition that)。
45、他會接受這項工作的,除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的話(unless/if...not)。
46、據(jù)我所知,他是一個DNA專家(as far as)。
47、假設(shè)我們弄不到足夠的食物,那我們怎么辦(suppose/supposing)? 41.As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.42.Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.43.If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.44.We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.45.He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.46.As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.47.Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?
(七)方式狀語從句:
方式狀語從句常由as(與……一樣), as if(仿佛), as though(仿佛)等詞引導(dǎo)。
48、入鄉(xiāng)隨俗(as)。
49、她站在門口,仿佛在等人似的(as if)。50、事情就如你喜歡的那樣(as)。
51、我按你的建議把計劃修改了(as)。
52、天看起來好像要下雨(as if)。
53、我愛你就像你是我的兒子(as if)。
48.Do in Rome as the Romans do.49.She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting for someone.50.Things are just as you like.51.I have changed the plan as you suggested.52.It looks as if it is going to rain.53.I’ve loved you as if you were my son...(八)比較狀語從句:
比較狀語從句常用as …as,than, not so…as, the more…引導(dǎo)。
54、你和他在一起呆的時間越長,你就會越了解他(the more, the more)。
55、上海下的雨比北京的多(than)。
56、我們的國家同整個歐洲一樣大(as...as...).57、結(jié)果不如我預(yù)料的那么好(not as/so...as...)。
54.The longer you stay with him, the beter you will know him.55.It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.56.Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.57.The result was not as/so good as I had expected
(九)讓步狀語從句:
讓步狀語從句由although(盡管), though(盡管), however(無論怎樣), whatever(無論什么), whoever(無論誰), whomever(無論誰), whichever(無論哪個), whenever(無論何時), wherever(無論哪里), whether(是否), no matter(who, what, where, when, etc)(無論……), even if(即使), even though(即使)等詞引導(dǎo)。
58、我們就是失敗十次也不泄氣(even if/even though)。
59、我認為我們還是買這件,雖然它會占去更多的空間(although/though)。60、無論它有多貴,我也要買下它(however/no matter how)。61、不管他們是誰,別讓他們進來(whoever/no matter who)。
62、無論我說什么或怎么說,他總認為是我錯(whatever and however)。63、不管你信不信,這是真的(whether)。
64、不論你走那條路都要三個小時(whichever way)。65、不管你什么時候去看他, 他都在用功(no matter when)。66、不論你做什么, 好好地做(whatever/no matter who)。67、雖然他工作很努力,但還是不能按時完成任務(wù)(as)。68、雖然他很年輕,但他懂得很多(as)。
58.We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though)we fail ten times.59.I think we should get this one, although it may take up more space in the room.60.However(=No matter how)expensive it may be, I’ll take it.61.Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who)they are.62.No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.63.Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.64.No matter which(whichever)way you take, It takes you three hours.65.No matter when(Whenever)you go to see him, he is always working hard.66.No matter what do you do, do it well.67.Hard as he worked, he couldn't finish the task on time.68.Young as he is, he knows a lot.
第四篇:翻譯句型
句型
1.leave sb the choice of...or...要么?,要么?(選擇類經(jīng)典句)
Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission.敵人冷酷無情/鐵石心腸,我們要么英勇奮戰(zhàn),要么屈膝投降。
The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor.年過三十,要么結(jié)婚,要么單身。
2.be the instrument of sth 引來某事物的人或事(使動類經(jīng)典句)
The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them.全國同胞都在注視著我們。如果我們有幸使他們擺脫強加于身的暴政,我們將得到他們的祝福和贊頌。
他所建立的組織最終使他垮了臺。
The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall.能夠讓你幸福,我愿意付出我的一切。
If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all I have.3.it was the memory / memories of 追溯到?,回顧歷史(回憶類經(jīng)典句)
Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations' development.(回顧歷史,)人們可能會把 1964 年東京奧運會和 1988 年漢城奧運會分別視為日韓兩國發(fā)展的轉(zhuǎn)折點。
It was the memory of 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered from the attacks of atomic bomb, from which originated the term of “Zero Ground”.“零地帶”這個術(shù)語可以追溯到 1945 年廣島和長崎遭受原子彈襲擊的歷史時刻。
4.on the premise / ground / prerequisite / proposition / hypothesis / presuposition that 基于一個前提?(假設(shè)類經(jīng)典句)
中國政府在宣布實行和平統(tǒng)一的方針時,是基于一個前提,即當時的臺灣當局堅持世界上只有一個中國,臺灣是中國的一部分。
The Chinese government declared the implementation of the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authorities maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is but one part of China.Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall.對投資者的建議是以利率將繼續(xù)下跌為依據(jù)的。
5.be bound to 必定?;一定?(意愿類經(jīng)典句)
西部大開發(fā)一定能成為溝通世界各國和中國的一座橋梁,促進中國和世界經(jīng)濟共同發(fā)展,共同繁榮。
The Great Development of Western China is bound to be a bridge between China and other countries, promoting common economic development and prosperity for the whole world.Just wars are bound to triumph over wars of aggression.正義之戰(zhàn)必勝,侵略之戰(zhàn)必敗。
6.a matter of sth/doing sth 與?有關(guān)的情況或問題(描述類經(jīng)典句)
Considering the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart.“Eventually, being 'poor' won't be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills.”
請思考一下同一個人在八年前與現(xiàn)在所說的話。“說到底,‘貧窮’與其說是生活在貧窮的國家里,還不如說是技藝不精。”
Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience.處理這些問題全憑經(jīng)驗。
7.This is the similar case with/when 這恰如;正如;也會(比較類經(jīng)典句)
這恰如我們雖然看不懂莫扎特樂曲的總譜,卻照樣能同它的主旋律產(chǎn)生共鳴,擊節(jié)稱贊。
This is the similar case when the main melody can evoke a strong echo for us with our hands clapping in admiration despite our disability to understand the score of Mozart's musical pieces.除此以外,老百姓的服務(wù)性消費,如教育,信息,旅游等消費也會大量增長。
Besides, this is also the case with the citizen's expenditure on education, information, traveling, etc.8.be exemplified by 這一點也證明了?;這點反映在以下事實:?(舉例類經(jīng)典句)
This American desire to keep the children's world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident.如果父母在事故中喪生,人們總是晚些時候才告訴孩子們,這一點也證實了美國人想把兒童世界和成人世界隔離開的愿望。
美國人想把兒童和成人的世界劃清界限,這一愿望還反映在以下事實:如果父母在事故中喪生,人們總是晚些時候才告訴孩子們。
The manual worker is usually quite at ease in any company.This is partly explained by the fact that people of all income groups go together to the same schools.體力勞動者在任何場合通常都相當自在。收入檔次不同的人就讀同一所學校,這個事實多少說明了這一點。
9.constitute?(不用于進行式)是;認為(判斷類經(jīng)典句)
歷史雄辯地說明,中美之間建立在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上的勞動分工是最為合理和實用的國際關(guān)系。
History has proved eloquently that the division of labor based on equality and mutual benefit between China and USA constitutes the most reasonable and practical international relationship.My decision does not constitute a precedent.我的決定不應(yīng)視為先例。
The defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy.這一失敗是我們外交上的重大挫折。
10.witness...見證?(發(fā)生類經(jīng)典句)
a time or event witnesses sth / sb in a particular situation or doing a particular thing.經(jīng)過二十多年的快速發(fā)展,中國西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。
The rapid development in the past 20 years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China.在下一輪的會談中,我們將宣布中東地區(qū)永久停火協(xié)議,對此我抱有樂觀態(tài)度并充滿希望。
I am optimistic and hopeful that the next round of talk will witness a permanent cease-fire in the Middle East.同傳訓(xùn)練方法
首先聲明:以下方法必須以非凡的努力為前提,否則同傳便無法實現(xiàn)
自我訓(xùn)練:提高同聲傳譯技能的一條重要途徑就是自我訓(xùn)練。畢竟不是人人都有機會得到專門化的職業(yè)訓(xùn)練。有些譯員已經(jīng)在一線工作了很長時間,具有良好的語言基礎(chǔ)和心理素質(zhì),如果了解同聲傳譯訓(xùn)練的內(nèi)容和主要方法是可以進行自我訓(xùn)練的。但同聲傳譯的訓(xùn)練是一個艱苦的過程,學習者一定要有恒心、耐心和決心,并制定切實可行的學習計劃,循序漸進逐步提高自己的同聲傳譯水平。當然并非人人都可以進行同聲傳譯的學習,它要求學習者要有扎實的雙語基礎(chǔ)、良好的心理素質(zhì),有一定的連續(xù)傳譯的基礎(chǔ)并對同聲傳譯有濃厚的興趣。以下介紹同聲傳譯專業(yè)訓(xùn)練的基本步驟和常用方法。
① 影子練習: 影子練習(shadowing exercise)又叫原語或單語復(fù)述練習。就是用同種語言幾乎同步地跟讀發(fā)言人的講話或事先錄制好的新聞錄音、會議資料等。該訓(xùn)練的目的是培養(yǎng)譯員的注意力分配(split of attention)和聽說同步進行的同聲傳譯技能。做影子練習時,開始的時候可以與原語同步開始,經(jīng)過一段時間的練習后,可以在原語開始后半到一句話跟讀原語。跟讀原語時不僅僅是鸚鵡學舌,要做到耳朵在聽(原語)、嘴巴在說(同種語言復(fù)述)、腦子在想(語言內(nèi)容)。在跟讀完一段5-8分鐘長度的講話或新聞之后,應(yīng)該可以概述出原語的主要內(nèi)容。在影子練習的后一階段,可以安排“干擾”練習,就是在聽、說同步進行的同時,手也動起來。要求學員從999開始寫起,按倒數(shù)的形式往下寫999、998、997?。影子練習視個人的基礎(chǔ)可以進行3-5周(每周2-4小時)的訓(xùn)練,練習形式相對自由,在聽廣播、看電視、聽報告時都可以做此練習。學員在練習中產(chǎn)生了想用譯入語同步陳述時就可以轉(zhuǎn)入下一階段的 練習了。
②原語概述: 原語概述練習是影子練習的延續(xù)。就是學員用原語跟讀完一段講話內(nèi)容后,停下來憑記憶力對剛剛跟讀的內(nèi)容用同種語言進行概述,歸納講話內(nèi)容的核心思想。如: “On April 8 we have noticed the news of Japanese Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa’s resignation.This is an internal affairs of Japan.Prime Minister Hosokawa has made a valuable effort to promote Sino-Japanese friendly relations.We hope that Sino-Japanese relations can continue stable and healthful development.” 就可以概括為:“Japanese Prime Minister resigned.We hope this will not have impact on Sino-Japan relations.”開始做該類練習時,間隔時間可以相對短一點,在學員掌握要領(lǐng)之后再逐漸加長。原語概述練習的目的是培養(yǎng)學員短期記憶力、邊聽、邊說、邊想(抓核心內(nèi)容)的習慣。
③譯入語概述: 譯入語概述練習是在原語概述練習進行一段時間后將概述原語內(nèi)容用譯入語進行。目的是鞏固聽說同步并逐漸過渡到真正的同聲傳譯。練習時譯員不必過度強調(diào)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和具體內(nèi)容,而是培養(yǎng)用簡練的譯入語傳達原語的中心思想和主要信息點。如:“The protection of the environment is a vital component of continued economic development.Here and in Hong Kong decades of explosive growth have taken a toll on the environment resulting in air and water pollution, destruction of the natural environment, traffic congestion and deforestation.Not only does this discourage further economic investment and encourage industries already here for relocate, but it also makes it increasingly difficult for Guangdong to enter into the next level of economic development.” 可以用譯入語--漢語概述為:“環(huán)境保護是經(jīng)濟持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要因素。// 過去廣東和香港在這方面已有過教訓(xùn)。// 環(huán)保是廣東吸引更多投資使經(jīng)濟更上一層樓的保障。//”
④視譯: 視譯(on-sight interpreting)是指同傳譯員拿著講話人的發(fā)言稿,邊聽發(fā)言、邊看原稿、邊進行同聲傳譯。在練習時,第一步可以找一些有譯文的發(fā)言稿,邊聽發(fā)言錄音,邊做“同聲傳讀。”逐漸過渡到脫離譯稿只看原文進行口譯。視譯時可以用很短時間對原文通讀一次,了解發(fā)言的主要內(nèi)容并對語言、專業(yè)難點做“譯前準備”。
⑤磁帶練習: 同聲傳譯是實踐性很強的活動,其所涉及到的技巧要靠平時的練習才能為學習者掌握。因此,要在平時做很多的練習才能成為真正合格的同傳譯員。一般正規(guī)訓(xùn)練同傳譯員的機構(gòu)都要求受訓(xùn)者除課堂接受的訓(xùn)練外要進行近300磁帶時(tape-hours)精聽、精練。磁帶練習的內(nèi)容要豐富多彩、題材廣泛、音調(diào)齊全,要包括中英兩種語言。最好是國際會議發(fā)言錄音或錄象。在練習時,可以把自己的翻譯錄下來,進行分析,找出不足的地方及誤譯、漏譯的地方。任何技能的掌握都是靠平時的日積月累,靠艱苦練習。
⑥模擬會議:這一練習主要針對有組織的課堂教學。自學同傳的譯員可以自我組織幾個或更多愛好者一起來做這個練習。練習要求使用同聲傳譯設(shè)備。事先給學員布置好模擬會議題目,如:“環(huán)境保護與經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展”、“人口控制與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展”、“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代的教與學”等,要求學員自己準備5-10分鐘的發(fā)言兩篇(中、英各一篇),由學員自己組織會議、輪流發(fā)言、輪流翻譯。這一練習形式不但鍛煉了學員的口譯技巧,同時也使學員掌握了公眾演說技巧—口譯中另一重要的技巧
第五篇:英語句型翻譯
一、A + a 結(jié)構(gòu)
這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常是指一個大句子后面帶有一個小結(jié)構(gòu),翻譯方法通常可以將前者翻譯成中心句,后面翻譯成同位語,介詞短語或是分詞和定語從句。
例1:現(xiàn)在我們有16個系,下設(shè)39個專業(yè)。
There are 16 departments with 39 specialties in our school.(后面翻譯成with的介詞結(jié)構(gòu),這種形式是最常見的方法。)
例2:北京有10個區(qū)9個縣,總面積1萬6千800平方公里。
There are 10 districts and 9 counties in Beijing with an area of 16 thousand 8 hundred square kilometers.(方法和上句一樣。)
例3:中國在2000年悉尼奧運會上,獲得28枚金牌,在獎牌榜上名列第三。
China won 28 gold medals at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Game, ranking the 3rd on the medal tally.(這句是將后面的句子翻譯成分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。)
二、A + a1 + a2 結(jié)構(gòu)
這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常是指在主句后面同時出現(xiàn)了兩個小句子,翻譯的方法通常是將后兩者同時變化成定語從句或是同位語的結(jié)構(gòu),還可以把其中兩個變成介詞或是同位語結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)十分常見。
例1:在過去的1年里,中國貫徹擴大內(nèi)需的方針,經(jīng)濟得到穩(wěn)步發(fā)展,人民生活水平得到顯著提高。
Last year, China implemented the policy of enlarging domestic demands, which led to stable economic development and significant improvement of people’s life.(這種方法就是把后面兩句全部變成定語從句,a1和a2同時形成并列結(jié)構(gòu)。)
例2:黃河流經(jīng)中國的9個省和自治區(qū),全長5464公里,流域面積75萬2443平方公里。
The Yellow River runs 5464 kms across 9 provinces and autonomous regions with drainage area of 752,443 square kms.(這句就是把最前句和最后句變成介詞結(jié)構(gòu),中間變成謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。)
三、A + a + B 結(jié)構(gòu)
這種結(jié)構(gòu)和A + a1 + a2非常類似,我們在翻譯的時候就是要區(qū)分第三個句子究竟能不能和前一個句子連在一起,也就是說最后一個句子和前者有沒有密切的關(guān)系,當然在有些情況下,這兩個句子結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)分起來比較復(fù)雜,也比較難以區(qū)分。
例1:現(xiàn)在只有5個國家的婦女收入占男性收入的80%以上,而中國婦女的收入相當于男性收入的80.4%。
Now, there are only 5 countries where women’s salaries make up 80% of men’s, while the income of the Chinese women equals to 80.4% that of man’s.(這句話把含有80%的這個小句子翻譯成了前者的從句,而后面的一個句子又重新起了一句,很顯然前兩個句子和第三個句子沒有什么邏輯關(guān)系。)
例2:據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的報告顯示,到2020 年,世界老人將超過10億,其中7億生活在發(fā)展中國家。目前,全世界60歲以上的老人大約有5.8億。
According to a report of WHO, by 2020 it is estimated that the population of senior citizens will increase to 1 billion, including 700 million live in the less developed countries.There are 580 million people more than 60 years old all over the world at present.(這句話則比上一句更具有特點,很顯然,我們應(yīng)該把“其中”這樣的句子歸類為前者,后面再重新起一句,前者形成分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。)
四、A + B + b 結(jié)構(gòu)
這種結(jié)構(gòu)和A + a1 + a2也非常類似,我們在翻譯的時候就是要區(qū)分第二個句子究竟能不能和前一個句子連在一起,也就是說第二個句子和前者有沒有密切的關(guān)系,當然在有些情況下,這兩個句子結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)分起來比較復(fù)雜,很難區(qū)分。
例1:1990年,只有32%的3歲到6歲的兒童進入幼兒園,但是到1998年年底中國已經(jīng)有18萬幼兒園,接收了2400萬兒童。
In 1990, only 32% of children from 3 years old to 6 years old entered kindergartens, but by the end of 1998 there were kindergartens with 24 million children in China.(很顯然前面說的一件事情,后面說的兩件事情具有邏輯關(guān)系,所以我們把后面兩句放在一起翻譯,并且形成with的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。)
例2:我國于1999年10月已進入人口老齡化國家的行列,我們80歲以上的老人已達1100萬,并以年均5%的速度增長。
China has become an aged society since October 1999.The number of the aged people over 80 years old reached 11 million with an average annual growth rate of 5%.(這句話的翻譯方法和上句同樣,第三個句子形成with的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。)
五、A + a1 + a2 + a3 結(jié)構(gòu)
這種結(jié)構(gòu)實際上就是以上幾種結(jié)構(gòu)的延伸,這樣的延續(xù)可能多個,而不止三個,其實方法都是一樣,就是將后三者變成并列層次,要么是定語從句,要么是同位語,要么是介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。
例1:奧林匹克公園占地1215公頃,其中包括760公頃的森林綠地,50公頃的國際展覽體育中心以及405公頃的中華民族園。
The Olympic Games Park covers an area of 1215 hectares, including 760 hectares woods and grassland, 50 hectares International Exhibition Sports Center and 405 hectares Chinese Ethnic Park./The Olympic Park covering 1215 hectares includes 760-hectare woods and grassland, 50-hectare International Exhibition Sports Center and 405-hectare Chinese Ethnic Park.(這句話提供了兩種翻譯版本,前者是將后三者變成介詞短語,第二種把后三者直接變成了表語,總之就是要體現(xiàn)出A句和后幾句的差異和關(guān)系。)
例2:在奧林匹克公園主建筑區(qū)內(nèi)將建成容納8萬人的主體育場、2個大型綜合體育館、運動員村和國際展覽體育中心。
In the main building area of the Olympic Games Park, a main stadium which accommodates 80 thousand people, 2 large sports complexes, the athletes’ village and the International Exhibition Sports Center are now under construction.(這句用的方法還是把后面的四者都變成了主語,和“奧林匹克公園主建筑區(qū)”這句形成結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異。)
六、A + a + B + b 結(jié)構(gòu)
這種結(jié)構(gòu)就是把兩個A + a結(jié)構(gòu)放在一起,其實方法和第一種很像,但是要形成兩個主句和兩個從屬成分。
例1:2000年,全國共有普通高中14600所,在校生1201萬人,職業(yè)中學2萬所,在校學生1295萬人。
In 2000, there were 14.6 thousand regular senior high schools in China with 12.01 million students at school and 20 thousand vocational schools with 12.95 million students at
school.(這句的翻譯方法就是用A + with + and + B + with的機構(gòu),這種方法出現(xiàn)的頻率是最高的。)
例2:2000年,全國有婦幼保健院609個,醫(yī)務(wù)工作者7.2萬人,婦幼保健所、站2598個。基層醫(yī)務(wù)工作者7.5萬人。
In 2000, there were 609 women and children health centers with 72 thousand health and medical workers and 2598 local women and children health centers with 75 grass root health and medical workers.(這句的翻譯方法和上句同樣。)
例3:我國于1999年10月已進入人口老齡化國家的行列,并以年均3%的速度持續(xù)增長,我 們80歲以上的老人已達1100萬,并以年均5%的速度增長。
China has become an aged society since October 1999 with an average annual growth rate of 3%.The number of the aged people over 80 years old reached 11 million with an average annual growth rate of 5%.(這句話說明了兩個事實,所以在翻譯的時候,我們可以分割成兩個A + a結(jié)構(gòu)來進行翻譯。)
七、A + B + C 結(jié)構(gòu)
這種結(jié)構(gòu)就是把三個不相關(guān)的句子放在一起,那么在翻譯的時候我們要注意逐句翻譯。而且還要注意看看句子中是否存在有小結(jié)構(gòu),就是A的下部分有沒有a1或是a2等結(jié)構(gòu)。
例1:根據(jù)第五次全國人口普查,全國共有12億9335萬人,其中祖國大陸包括31個省,自治區(qū)和直轄市,不包括福建省金門,馬祖島和現(xiàn)役軍人12億6580萬人,香港特別行政區(qū)678萬人,澳門特別行政區(qū)44萬,臺灣包括金門,馬祖島共計2228萬人。
According to the 5th population census, there were 1 billion 293 million 350 thousand people in China, including the total number/ population of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities excluding Jinmen and Mazu islands in Fujian province and of servicemen of China’s mainland was 1 billion 265 million 830 thousand.The population of Hong Kong SAR was 6 million 780 thousand and that of Macao was 440 thousand as well as that of Taiwan Jinmen and Mazu Islands was 22 million 280 thousand.(這句話總共闡述了三個事實,一個是人數(shù)有多少,然后是除了某些地區(qū)有多少人,這個部分包括了兩個小部分,第三個部分包括了三個地區(qū)的人口數(shù)量,所以這個句子在翻譯的時候首先要分成三個句子,然后再處理三個句子里面的成分,看看是否能夠形成連帶結(jié)構(gòu)。)
八、A + 倒 A 結(jié)構(gòu)
這種結(jié)構(gòu)就是指前后說的是同一件事情,但是所表達的對象是不一樣的。
例1:我很喜歡游泳,你也很喜歡游泳。
I like swimming.So do you.(這個句子就是有兩個不同的說話人,但是說的是同樣一件事情,所以可歸類為后面是前者的“倒”著表達的形式。這種句子翻譯的方法就是用so或是否定句中用either。)
例2:2008年,上海的老年人口已經(jīng)達到了400萬,同樣北京于同年也達到了400萬。
In 2008, the population of senior citizens in Shanghai was 4 million.So was Beijing.(這句翻譯的方法雷同于上句。)
九、A + —A 結(jié)構(gòu)這種結(jié)構(gòu)指的是前者說的事情和后者的事情剛好相反來說。例1:我很喜歡你,你也很喜歡我。I like you, and vice versa.(這句話很顯然就是前者和后者剛好掉個位置,但是說的同一件事情,翻譯的方法就是用vice versa。)
例2:美國人民喜歡******主席,******主席也很喜歡美國人民。
The American people like President Jiangzemin, and vice versa.十、考察完全的名詞結(jié)構(gòu)
這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般沒有很多的數(shù)字,但是名詞很多,平時要注意積累詞匯,當然更難的則是將詞匯和數(shù)字結(jié)合在一起。
例1:20世紀90年代,我國人口文化素質(zhì)提高速度之快,是建國以來少有的。這一變化趨勢反映了10來我國落實掃除青少年文盲,普及9年義務(wù)教育和大力發(fā)展高等教育等措施所取得的成果。
Our people’s education level has increased sharply since 1990s.This tendency reflected
our achievements through eliminating illiterates among the young and the middle aged, universalizing the 9-year compulsory education and developing higher education in the past 10 years.(這個句子當中就沒有很多的數(shù)字,但是名詞特別多,包括青少年文盲、九年義務(wù)教育和高等教育等等詞。)
例2:近年來,中央政府給西藏的財政補貼每年都達12億元以上,總投資46億元的62項援藏工程以及中央國家機關(guān)有關(guān)部委和15個對口支援省、市投資的32億元援建的716項工程已全部竣工并投入使用。
In recent years, the annual financial subsidy from the central government to Tibet reached 1.2 billion yuan.The 62 aid-Tibet projects with a total investment of 4.6 billion and 716 projects with an investment of 3.2 billion from ministries, commissions, central government institutions and other 15 provinces and cities had been finished and put into operation.(這個句子不但有很多很大的數(shù)字,而且還有像財政補貼、有關(guān)部委、對口支援和竣工等詞,所以這種句子有很大難度,首先要解決數(shù)字問題,再解決詞匯問題。)