第一篇：商務(wù)合同重要用詞對照翻譯

商務(wù)合同屬于法律性公文，所以英譯時(shí)，有些詞語要用公文語詞語、特別是酌情使用英語慣用的一套公文語副詞，就會(huì)起到使譯文結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、邏輯嚴(yán)密、言簡意賅的作用。

一.公文副詞

但是從一些合同的英文譯本中發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種公文語副同常被普通詞語所代替，從而影響到譯文的質(zhì)量。

實(shí)際上，這種公文語慣用副同為數(shù)并不多，而已構(gòu)詞簡單易記。常用的這類副詞是由 here、there、where 等副詞分別加上 after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副詞，構(gòu)成一體化形式的公文語副詞。例如：

從此以后、今后：hereafter；here after the contract

此后、以后：thereafter；there after the contract

在其上：thereon hereupon；thereon hereupon

在其下：thereunder；thereunder the contract

對于這個(gè)：hereto;hereto the contract

對于那個(gè)：whereto= to which

在上文：hereinabove hereinbefore；

在下文：hereinafter herein below；herein after the contract

在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore；therein before the contract

在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter．Therein after the contract

現(xiàn)用兩個(gè)實(shí)例，說明在英譯合同中如何酌情使用上述副詞。

例 1：本合同自買方和建造方簽署之日生效。

This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.例 2：下述簽署人同意在中國制造新產(chǎn)品，其品牌以此為合適。

The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China.二、謹(jǐn)慎選用極易混淆的詞語

英譯商務(wù)合同時(shí)，常常由于選同不當(dāng)而尋致詞不達(dá)意或者意思模棱兩可，有時(shí)甚至表達(dá)的是完全不同的含義。因此了解與掌握極易混淆的詞語的區(qū)別是極為重要的，是提高英譯質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵因素之一，現(xiàn)把常用且易混淆的七對詞語，用典型實(shí)例論述如下。

2.1.shipping advice 與 shipping instructions

shipping advice 是“裝運(yùn)通知”，是由出口商（賣主）發(fā)給進(jìn)口商（買主）的。然而 shipping instructions 則是“裝運(yùn)須知”，是進(jìn)口商（買主）發(fā)給出口商（賣主）的。另外要注意區(qū)分 vendor（賣主）與 vendee（買主），consignor（發(fā)貨人）與 consignee（收貨人）。上述這三對詞語在英譯時(shí)、極易發(fā)生筆誤。

2.2.abide by 與 comply with

abide by 與 comply with 都有“遵守”的意思．

但是當(dāng)主語是“人”時(shí)，英譯“遵守”須用 abide by。

當(dāng)主語是非人稱時(shí)，則用 comply with 英譯“遵守”。

例 3：雙方都應(yīng)遵守/雙方的一切活動(dòng)都應(yīng)遵守合同規(guī)定。

Both parties Shall abide by/All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.2.3.change A to B 與 change A into B

英譯“把 A 改為 B”用“change A to B”，英譯“把 A 折合成/兌換成 B”用“change A into B”，兩者不可混淆。

例 4：交貨期改為 8 月并將美元折合成人民幣。

Both parties agree that change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar into Renminbi.2.4.ex 與 per

源自拉丁語的介詞 ex 與 per 有各自不同的含義。英譯由某輪船“運(yùn)來”的貨物時(shí)用 ex，由某輪船“運(yùn)走”的貨物用 Per，而由某輪船“承運(yùn)”用 by。

例 5：由“維多利亞”輪運(yùn)走/運(yùn)來/承運(yùn)的最后一批貨將于 10 月 1 日抵達(dá)倫敦。The last batch per/ex/by S.S.“Victoria” will arrive at London on October(S.S.= Steamship)

2.5.in 與 after

當(dāng)英譯“多少天之后”的時(shí)間時(shí)，往往是指“多少天之后”的確切的一天，所以必須用介詞 in，而不能用 after，因?yàn)榻樵~ after 指的是“多少天之后”的不確切的任何一天。例 6：該貨于 11 月 10 日由“東風(fēng)”輪運(yùn)出，41 天后抵達(dá)鹿特丹港。

The good shall be shipped per M.V.“Dong Feng” on November 10 and are due to arrive at Rottedaml in 41 days.(M.V.= motor vessel

2.6.on/upon 與 after

當(dāng)英譯“??到后，就??”時(shí)，用介詞 on/upon，而不用 after，因?yàn)?after 表示“之后”的時(shí)間不明確。

例 7：發(fā)票貨值須貨到付給。

The invoice value is to be paid on/upon arrival of the goods.2.7.by 與 before

當(dāng)英譯終止時(shí)間時(shí)，比如“在某月某日之前”，如果包括所寫日期時(shí)，就用介詞 by；如果不包括所寫日期，即指到所寫日期的前一天為止，就要用介詞 before。

例 8：賣方須在 6 月 15 日前將貨交給買方。

The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.(or: before June 16，說明含 6 月 15 日在內(nèi)。如果不含 6 月 15 日,就譯為 by June 14 或者 before June 15。)

三、慎重處理合同的關(guān)鍵細(xì)目

實(shí)踐證明，英譯合同中容易出現(xiàn)差錯(cuò)的地方，一般來說，不是大的陳述性條款。而恰恰是一些關(guān)鍵的細(xì)目．比如：金錢、時(shí)間、數(shù)量等。為了避免出差錯(cuò)，在英譯合同時(shí)，常常使用一些有限定作用的結(jié)構(gòu)來界定細(xì)目所指定的確切范圍。

3.1.限定責(zé)任

眾所周知，合同中要明確規(guī)定雙方的責(zé)任。為英譯出雙方責(zé)任的權(quán)限與范圍，常常使用連詞和介詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)?，F(xiàn)把最常用的此類結(jié)構(gòu)舉例說明如下。

3.1.1 and/or

常用 and/or 英譯合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的內(nèi)容，這樣就可避免漏譯其中的一部分。例 9：如果上述貨物對船舶和（或）船上其它貨物造成任何損害，托運(yùn)人應(yīng)負(fù)全責(zé)。

The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on buard.3.1.2 by and between

常用 by and between 強(qiáng)調(diào)合同是由“雙方”簽訂的，因此雙方必須嚴(yán)格履行合同所賦于的責(zé)任。

例 10：買賣雙方同意按下述條款購買出售下列商品并簽訂本合同。Whereby the contract This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.3.2.限定時(shí)間

英譯與時(shí)間有關(guān)的文字，都應(yīng)非常嚴(yán)格慎重地處理，因?yàn)楹贤瑢r(shí)間的要求是準(zhǔn)確無誤。所以英譯起止時(shí)間時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來限定準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間。

3.2.1 雙介詞

用雙介詞英譯含當(dāng)天日期在內(nèi)的起止時(shí)間。

例 11；自 9 月 2O 日起，甲方已無權(quán)接受任何定單或收據(jù)。

Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.例 12：我公司的條件是，3 個(gè)月內(nèi)，即不得晚于 5 月 1 日，支付現(xiàn)金。

Our terms are cash within three months, i.e.on or before May 1.3.2.2 not(no)later than

用“not(no)later than +日期”英譯“不遲于某月某日”。

例 13：本合同簽字之日一個(gè)月內(nèi)，即不遲于 12 月 15 日，你方須將貨物裝船。

Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e.not later than December 15.3.2.3 include 的相應(yīng)形式

常用 include 的相應(yīng)形式：inclusive、including 和 included，來限定含當(dāng)日在內(nèi)的時(shí)間。例 14：本證在北京議付，有效期至 1 月 1 日。

This credit expires till January 1(inclusive)for negotiation in Beijing.(or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.)如果不包括 1 月 1 日在內(nèi)，英譯為 till and not including January 1。

3.3.限定金額

為避免金額數(shù)量的差漏、偽造或涂改，英譯時(shí)常用以下措施嚴(yán)格把關(guān)。

3.3.1.大寫文字重復(fù)金額

英譯金額須在小寫之后，在括號內(nèi)用大寫文字重復(fù)該金額，即使原文合同中沒有大寫，英譯時(shí)也有必要加上大寫。在大寫文字前加上“SAY”，意為“大寫”；在最后加上“ONLY”．意思為“整”。必須注意：小寫與大寫的金額數(shù)量要一致。

例 16：聘方須每月付給受聘方美元 500 元整。

Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500(SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).3.3.2.正確使用貨幣符號

英譯金額必須注意區(qū)分和正確使用各種不同的貨幣名稱符號?！?”既可代表“美元”，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣；而“￡”不僅代表“英鎊”，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣。必須注意：當(dāng)金額用數(shù)字書寫時(shí)，金額數(shù)字必須緊靠貨幣符號，例如：Can $891,568，不能寫成：Can $ 891,568。另外，翻譯的還要特別注意金額中是小數(shù)點(diǎn)(.)還是分節(jié)號(,)，因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)符號極易引起筆誤，稍有疏忽，其后果是不堪設(shè)想的。

以上內(nèi)容摘自譯心譯意

英文商務(wù)用語(請求報(bào)價(jià))

時(shí)間：2006-11-02 07:00來源： 本網(wǎng)文字選擇：大中小

a.茲函請?zhí)峁??的報(bào)價(jià)。

We are writing to invite quotations for the supply of….b.請將定期供應(yīng)??之報(bào)價(jià)賜知。

Please let us have a quotation for the regular supply for….c.請將下列貨品的最低價(jià)格賜知。

Kindly quote us your lowest prices for the goods listed below.

第二篇：英文合同翻譯用詞——herein

四 herein

英文釋義:in this

中文譯詞:此中，于此

用法:表示上文已提及的“本合同（中）的……，本法（中）的……”等時(shí)，使用該詞。如表示“本法（中）所稱的不正當(dāng)競爭”，可譯為“unfair competition mentioned herein”，此處herein表示“in this Law”；表示“本協(xié)議（中）內(nèi)容”，譯為“the Contents herein”，此處herein表示“in this Agreement”。

語法：置于所修飾詞后,緊鄰所修飾詞.例1

Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to such acts of business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and disturbing the socio-economic order.Business operators mentioned herein refer to such legal persons, other economic organizations and individuals as engage in the trading of goods or profit-making services(hereafter called Goods including services).注釋：

（1）unfair competition：不正當(dāng)競爭

（2）mentioned in this Law：本法所稱

（3）refer to：是指

（4）contravene the provisions hereof：違反本法規(guī)定

（5）damage the lawful rights and interests of other business operators：損害其他經(jīng)營者的合法權(quán)益

（6）disturb the socio-economic order：擾亂社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序

（7）business operators mentioned herein：本法所稱的經(jīng)營者 herein：in this Law

（8）engage in the trading of goods or profit-making services：從事商品經(jīng)營或營利性服務(wù) engage in：從事，be engaged in：忙于

參考譯文：

本法所稱的不正當(dāng)競爭，是指經(jīng)營者違反本法規(guī)定，損害其他經(jīng)營者的合法權(quán)益，擾亂社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的行為。

本法所稱的經(jīng)營者，是指從事商品經(jīng)營或營利性服務(wù)（以下所稱商品包括服務(wù)）的法人、其他經(jīng)濟(jì)組織和個(gè)人。

例2

This Law is hereby formulated and prepared in order to develop the foreign trade, maintain the foreign trade order and promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy.Foreign trade mentioned herein shall cover the import and export of goods, technology and the international trade in services.注釋：

（1）this Law is hereby formulated and prepared：茲制定本法

（2）maintain the foreign trade order：維護(hù)對外貿(mào)易秩序

（3）promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy：促進(jìn)社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康發(fā)展

（4）foreign trade mentioned herein：本法所稱對外貿(mào)易 herein：in this Law

（5）the international trade in services：國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易

參考譯文：

為了發(fā)展對外貿(mào)易，維護(hù)對外貿(mào)易秩序，促進(jìn)社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康發(fā)展，茲制定本法。本法所稱對外貿(mào)易，是指貨物進(jìn)出口、技術(shù)進(jìn)出口和國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易。

例3

The term “company” mentioned herein refers to such a limited liability company or such a company limited by shares as are established within the territory of China in accordance with this Law.注釋：

（1）mentioned herein：mentioned in this Law 本法所稱

（2）limited liability company：有限責(zé)任公司

（3）company limited by shares：股份有限公司

（4）within the territory of China：在中國境內(nèi)

參考譯文：

本法所稱公司是指依照本法在中國境內(nèi)設(shè)立的有限責(zé)任公司和股份有限公司。

例4

Illegal gains from the crimes as specified in this Decision shall, if any, be confiscated.Where those commit crimes against the provisions herein, with their illegal gains to be confiscated, a fine imposed on, their property forfeited and a civil compensation assumed by, and their property and assets are insufficient for the payments of all the above items, they shall first be liable for the civil compensation.注釋：

（1）illegal gains：違法所得

（2）shall be confiscated：應(yīng)當(dāng)予以沒收

（3）the provisions herein：the provisions in this Decision 本決定規(guī)定

（4）illegal gains to be confiscated：被沒收違法所得

（5）a fine imposed on：判處罰金

（6）property forfeited：沒收財(cái)產(chǎn)

（7）a civil compensation assumed by：承擔(dān)民事賠償責(zé)任

參考譯文：

犯本決定規(guī)定之罪有違法所得的，應(yīng)當(dāng)予以沒收。

犯本決定規(guī)定之罪，被沒收違法所得、判處罰金、沒收財(cái)產(chǎn)、承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任的，其財(cái)產(chǎn)不足以支付時(shí)，先承擔(dān)民事賠償責(zé)任。

例5

The terms “FOB”, “CFR” or “CIF” shall be subject to the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms”(INCOTERMS, 2000)provided by International Chamber of Commerce(ICC)unless otherwise specified herein(in this Contract).注釋：

（1）（1）“FOB”（free on board）(…Named port of shipment)：船上交貨（…<指定裝運(yùn)港>）

（2）（2）“CFR”（Cost and Freight）(…Named port of destination)：成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)（…<指定目的港>）

（3）（3）“CIF”（Cost, Insurance and Freight）(…Named port of destination)：成本、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加運(yùn)費(fèi)（……<指定目的港>）

（4）（4）the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms”(INCOTERMS, 2000)：《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則（INCOTERMS）2000》

參考譯文：

除非本合同另有規(guī)定，“FOB”、“CFR”和“CIF”均應(yīng)依照國際商會(huì)制定的《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則（INCOTERMS）2000》辦理。

例6

Unless otherwise expressly provided for herein, if all disputes, controversies or differences arising out of or in relation to the execution of this Agreement between the Parties hereto, or any breach or default of the provisions hereof(including but not limited to, a dispute concerning the existence or continued existence of this Agreement, and the validity of the Arbitration Clause)fail to be settled amicably, the disputes, controversies or differences in question shall be submitted for arbitration.注釋：

（1）unless otherwise expressly provided for herein：除非另有明確表示 herein：in this Agreement

（2）dispute：爭議

（3）controversy：糾紛

（4）difference：歧意

（5）the Parties hereto：the Parties to this Agreement本協(xié)議雙方

（6）any breach or default of the provisions hereof：任何違約及過失

（7）including but not limited to：包括，但不限于

（8）the validity of the Arbitration Clause：仲裁條款有效性 arbitration clause 仲裁條款 參考譯文：

除非另有明確表示，則由于執(zhí)行本協(xié)議所引發(fā)或與本協(xié)議有關(guān)的協(xié)議雙方的所有爭議、糾紛或歧意，以及任何違約及過失（包括，但不限于有關(guān)本協(xié)議存續(xù)的爭議，仲裁條款有效性的爭議），如不能以友好協(xié)商的方式解決，則提交仲裁。

例7

The Agent shall, pursuant to the conditions and provisions specified herein, on the Disbursement Date, credit the funds received to such account as is specified by the Borrower under Sub-Clause

2.2 of this Contract.注釋：

（1）the Agent：correspondent bank 代理行

（2）pursuant to the conditions and provisions specified herein：按照本合同規(guī)定的條件 herein：in this Contract

（3）on the Disbursement Date：在付款日

（4）credit the funds received：貸記入所收資金

（5）the Borrower：借款人

參考譯文：

代理行應(yīng)按照本合同規(guī)定的條件，在付款日將所收資金貸記入借款人根據(jù)2.2款指定的帳戶。

第三篇：英文合同翻譯用詞——hereof

二 hereof

英文釋義: of this

中文譯詞:關(guān)于此點(diǎn)；在本文件中

用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”時(shí)，使用該詞。例如表示本合同條件、條款時(shí)，可以說“the terms, conditions and provisions hereof”，這里hereof表示“of this Contract”；又如表示本工程的任何部分，可用“any parts hereof”，這里hereof表示“of this Works”。語法：一般置于要修飾的名詞的后面，與之緊鄰。

hereof和thereof的區(qū)別：hereof強(qiáng)調(diào)“of this”。例如，上面的“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”中的thereof表示of the Contract；“any parts thereof”中的thereof表示of the Works。

例1

Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not, the owner of the goods shall, without interruption, by day and night, including Sundays and holidays(if required by the carrier), supply and take delivery of the goods.Provided that the owner of the goods shall be liable for all losses or damages including demurrage incurred in default on the provisions hereof.注釋：

（1）Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not：不論港口習(xí)慣是否與本款規(guī)定相反，whether… or not：不論……是否

（2）the owner of the goods：貨方

（3）without interruption：無間斷地

（4）carrier：承運(yùn)人

（5）in default on the provisions hereof：違反本款規(guī)定 hereof：of this Clause

參考譯文：

不論港口習(xí)慣是否與本款規(guī)定相反，貨方都應(yīng)晝夜地，包括星期日和假日（如承運(yùn)人需要），無間斷地提供和提取貨物。貨方對違反本款規(guī)定所引起的所有損失或損壞，包括滯期應(yīng)負(fù)擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。

例2

Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.注釋：

（1）foreign trade dealers：對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營者

（2）as mentioned in this Law：本法所稱

（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法規(guī)定

（4）legal entity：法人

（5）be engaged in foreign trade dealings：從事對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營活動(dòng)

參考譯文：

本法所稱對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營者，是指依照本法規(guī)定從事對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營活動(dòng)的法人和其他組織。例3

The establishment of a limited liability company or a company limited by shares shall comply with the conditions and provisions of this Law.A company complying with the conditions and provisions hereof may be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.Provided that if a company fails to comply with the conditions and provisions hereof, the company in question shall not be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.注釋：

（1）a limited liability company：有限責(zé)任公司（2）a company limited by shares：股份有限公司

（3）provisions hereof：本法規(guī)定 hereof: of this Law（4）may be registered as：登記為 參考譯文：

設(shè)立有限責(zé)任公司、股份有限公司，必須符合本法規(guī)定的條件。符合本法規(guī)定的條件的，登記為有限責(zé)任公司或者股份有限公司；不符合本法規(guī)定的條件的，不得登記為有限責(zé)任公司或股份有限公司。例4

If, as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons, an arbitrator fails to perform his duties as an arbitrator, another arbitrator shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, be selected or appointed.注釋：

（1）as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons：回避或者其它原因（2）arbitrator：仲裁員

（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法規(guī)定（4）be selected or appointed：選定或指定 參考譯文：

仲裁員因回避或者其它原因不能履行職責(zé)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照本法規(guī)定重新選定或指定仲裁員。例5

In the event of conflict between the provisions on arbitration formulated and prepared prior to the effective date of this Law and the provisions of this Law, the provisions hereof shall prevail.注釋：

（1）conflict：相抵觸

（2）prior to the effective date of this Law：本法施行前

（3）the provisions hereof shall prevail：以本法為準(zhǔn) hereof：of this Law 參考譯文：

本法施行前制定的有關(guān)仲裁的規(guī)定與本法的規(guī)定相抵觸的，以本法為準(zhǔn)。例6

Where, in accordance with laws, the circumstance(s)specified in Article 15 and Article 16 of this Law is /are confirmed, the organization with compensatory obligations shall pay compensation in any of the circumstance in question.Where the claimant for compensation demands the confirmation of one of the circumstances specified in Article 15 and Article 16 hereof, and the demanded organization refuses to make the confirmation, the claimant shall have the right to lodge a complaint.Where the claimant claims compensation, the claim, shall, first, be lodged to the organization for compensatory obligations.The provisions of Article 10, Article 11 and Article 12 hereof shall apply to/ in the procedures of compensation.注釋：

（1）the organization with compensatory obligations：賠償義務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)（2）shall pay compensation：應(yīng)當(dāng)給予賠償（3）the claimant for compensation：賠償請求人

（4）Article 15 and Article 16 hereof：本法第十五條、第十六條 hereof：of this Law

（5）shall have the right to lodge a complaint：有權(quán)申訴（6）claims compensation：要求賠償（7）apply to/ in：適用 More Examples: The comment applies equally here./That argument does not apply in this case./That applies to at least nine-tenths of the people we see about./These remarks apply to every town in this kingdom./The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.參考譯文：

賠償義務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)對依法確認(rèn)有本法第十五條、第十六條規(guī)定的情形之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)給予賠償。賠償請求人要求確認(rèn)有本法第十五條、第十六條規(guī)定情形之一的，被要求的機(jī)關(guān)不予確認(rèn)的，賠償請求人有權(quán)申訴。賠償請求人要求賠償，應(yīng)當(dāng)先向賠償義務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)提出。賠償程序適用本法第十條、第十一條、第十二條的規(guī)定。例7

If an arbitrator involved in one of circumstances specified in Item 4, Article 34 of this Law, and if it is serious, or those specified in Item 6, Article 58 hereof, the arbitrator in question shall, in accordance with the law, bear the legal liability and responsibility.The arbitration commission shall remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators.注釋：

（1）arbitrator：仲裁員

（2）Article 58 hereof：本法第五十八條 hereof：of this Law（3）bear the legal liability and responsibility：承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任（4）the arbitration commission：仲裁委員會(huì)

（5）remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators：將其除名 參考譯文：

仲裁員有本法第三十四條第四項(xiàng)規(guī)定的情形，情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的，或者有本法第五十八條第六項(xiàng)規(guī)定的情形的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任，仲裁委員會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)將其除名。例8

If, pursuant to this Law, the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals fail to grant approval to such an application as meets the requirements and provisions hereof, or the company registration authorities fail to register a company whose application meets the requirements hereof, the party in question may, in accordance with laws, apply for reconsideration or bring an administrative suit.注釋：

（1）the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals：履行審批職責(zé)的有關(guān)主管部門

（2）meets the requirements and provisions hereof：符合本法條件（3）the company registration authorities：負(fù)責(zé)公司登記的主管部門（4）the requirements hereof：本法條件 hereof: of this Law（5）apply for reconsideration：申請復(fù)議

（6）bring an administrative suit：提起行政訴訟 參考譯文：

依照本法，履行審批職責(zé)的有關(guān)主管部門，對符合本法條件的申請不予批準(zhǔn)，或負(fù)責(zé)公司登記的主管部門不予登記，當(dāng)事人可以依法申請復(fù)議或者提起行政訴訟。例9

This Decision shall apply to the crimes committed against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof by the staff and workers of enterprises other than limited liability companies and

companies limited by shares.注釋：

（1）the crimes committed：犯罪行為

（2）against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof：犯有本決定第九條、第十條、第十一條規(guī)定 hereof: of this Decision 參考譯文：

有限責(zé)任公司、股份有限公司以外的企業(yè)職工有本決定第九條、第十條、第十一條規(guī)定的犯罪行為的，適用本決定。例10

Companies registered and established prior to the effective date of this Law shall, in accordance with Laws, administrative regulations, local regulations and pursuant to the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies” or the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares” issued by the relevant responsible department of the State Council, continue to exist.Those companies not completely satisfying the requirements of this Law shall, within the specified time limit, meet the requirements hereof.Specific methods for implementation of this Law will be set out in separate regulations issued by the State Council.注釋：

（1）companies registered：已登記成立的公司

（2）the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies”：《有限責(zé)任公司規(guī)范意見》（3）the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares”：《股份有限公司規(guī)范意見》（4）the relevant responsible department of the State Council國務(wù)院有關(guān)主管部門（5）in separate regulations issued by the State Council：由國務(wù)院另行規(guī)定 參考譯文：

本法施行前已登記成立的公司，應(yīng)依照法律、行政法規(guī)、地方性法規(guī)和國務(wù)院有關(guān)主管部門制定的《有限責(zé)任公司規(guī)范意見》，和《股份有限公司規(guī)范意見》，繼續(xù)保留。其中不完全具備本法規(guī)定的條件的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)達(dá)到本法規(guī)定的條件。具體實(shí)施辦法，由國務(wù)院另行規(guī)定。例11

Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to acts of such business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and disturbing the socio-economic order.注釋：

（1）unfair competition：不正當(dāng)競爭（2）business operators：經(jīng)營者（3）contravene the provisions hereof：違反本法規(guī)定 the provisions hereof：本法規(guī)定 hereof：of this Law

（4）the lawful rights and interests：合法權(quán)益

（5）disturbing the socio-economic order：擾亂社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序

參考譯文：

本法所稱的不正當(dāng)競爭，是指經(jīng)營者違反本法規(guī)定，損害其他經(jīng)營者的合法權(quán)益，擾亂社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的行為。

第四篇：商務(wù)合同翻譯

1)為了便于甲方及時(shí)開展工作，乙方應(yīng)于2009年12月31日前將第一批寄售貨物運(yùn)到甲方處。在2010年3月十五日左右，甲、乙雙方應(yīng)就剩下的寄售期限可能銷量達(dá)成共識(shí)。

In order to facilitate Party A’s work of starting the consignment sales on time, Party B should ship the first lot of consignment goods to Party A before Dec.31, 2009.On or about March 15, 2010, Party A and Party B shall meet to mutually determine on acceptable sales level for the remainder of the consignment period.2)在寄售合同到期后的一個(gè)月內(nèi)，甲方將按合同單價(jià)把已售出的貨物以美元形式全額匯給乙方。如果有銷售額總額超過15萬美元的情況，甲方應(yīng)在一月內(nèi)將銷售款以美元形式匯給乙方。

Within one month after expiration of the consignment period, Party A shall remit Party B the total sum in U.S Dollars based on the contracted unit price for those items which have been sold.If at any time the total value of goods sold exceeds the amount of U.S.Dollars 150000, Party A shall remit the total sum in U.S.Dollars to Party B within one month’s period of time.3)裝配所需的主要零件、消耗品及部件由甲方運(yùn)至廣州。如有零部件短少或破損，甲方應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)補(bǔ)充替換。

甲方應(yīng)于成品交運(yùn)1個(gè)月前開出不可撤銷的信用證以支付全部裝配費(fèi)和乙方在廣州購買零件、消耗品和部件的費(fèi)用。

The main parts, consumption articles and components required for assembling will be sent in time to Guangzhou by Party A and if there is any shortage of , or damage to these parts and components , Party A shall be responsible for supplying replacements.Party A shall pay Party B by opening an irrevocable L/C covering the full amount of assembling charges and costs of parts , consumption articles and components purchased in Guangzhou by Party B , one month before the shipment of the finished products concerned.4）一切與本合同有關(guān)的進(jìn)出口手續(xù)，均由乙方辦理。

乙方將所裝配的晶體管收音機(jī)運(yùn)交甲方指定的外國買主。有關(guān)運(yùn)費(fèi)和保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)由甲方負(fù)擔(dān)。All import and export procedures in connection with this contract shall be taken care of by Party

B.All transistor radios assembled by Party B will be shipped to foreign buyers designated by Party A.The relevant freight and insurance premium shall be borne by Party A.5）晶體管收音機(jī)的商標(biāo)由甲方供給，如有法律糾紛，甲方應(yīng)負(fù)完全責(zé)任。

如因裝配需要，由乙方在廣州購買的零部件必須達(dá)到品質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并應(yīng)事先經(jīng)過甲方核準(zhǔn)。The trade marks of transistor radios will be supplied by Party A and should there be any illegal involvement, Party A is to be held fully responsible.All parts and components purchased by Party B in Guangzhou, if necessary for assembling transistor radios, must measure up to the quality standards of, and be approved by Party A beforehand.6）本合同自受聘方到校之日起生效，到聘期屆滿時(shí)失效。如一方要求延長聘期，必須在合同期滿前一個(gè)月用書面向?qū)Ψ教岢?，?jīng)雙方協(xié)商同意后另簽延聘合同。

This Contract comes into effect on the first day of the engaged party’s arrival at the AA University and ceases to be effective at its expiration.If either party wishes to renew the Contract, the other

party shall be notified in writing one month before it expires.Upon agreement by both parties through consultation, a new contract may be signed between two parties.7）公司為一有限責(zé)任公司及在中華人民共和國法律下的法人，公司的所有活動(dòng)應(yīng)遵守中華人民共和國頒布的法律、法令及條例，公司的所有合法權(quán)益及利益受中華人民共和國的法律管轄及保護(hù)。

The Company is a limited liability company and a legal person under the laws of the People’s Republic of China.All the activities of the Company shall comply with the laws, decrees and regulations promulgated by the People’s Republic of China.All the lawful rights and interests of the Company are subject to the jurisdiction and protection of the laws of the People’s Republic of China.8）合營的一方如不履行本合同或公司章程的義務(wù)，違約一方得賠償另一方因此而遭受的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。

在合營期限內(nèi)，雙方都無權(quán)單方面宣布撤銷或終止本合同。

If either of the Parties fails to fulfil its obligations under this Contract , it shall compensate the other party for all its economic losses resulting therefrom.During the term of operation of the Company, neither Party has the right to announce unilaterally the cancellation or termination of this Contract.9）公司注冊資本為9000萬美元。由中方在簽約后30天內(nèi)提供土地使用權(quán)。外方在2001年3月1日以前提供辦公樓、廠房、必須的設(shè)備、設(shè)備、機(jī)器、工具、儀器、工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)、非專利技術(shù)、生產(chǎn)資金、流動(dòng)資金等。

The registered capital of the Company is USD 90 million.The Chinese Corp provides the right to use land within 30 days after signing the Agreement.The Foreign Co.provides the office building, factory premises, necessary facilities, equipment, machines, tools, instruments, industrial property rights, non-patent technology, production funds, operating funds, etc.before March 1, 2001.10）如因不可抗力事件使公司無法繼續(xù)營業(yè)時(shí)，本協(xié)議可通過雙方協(xié)商予以提前終止。如果中方或外方想要把本協(xié)議規(guī)定的權(quán)利和義務(wù)進(jìn)行全部或部分轉(zhuǎn)讓，另一方有優(yōu)先購買權(quán)。轉(zhuǎn)讓必須得到審批機(jī)關(guān)的批準(zhǔn)。

In case of Force majeure, which makes it impossible for the Company to continue its business, this Agreement may be terminated ahead of schedule through consultation between the two parties.If the Chinese or foreign party wishes to make an assignment of all or part of its rights and obligations prescribed in this Agreement, the other party shall have the preemptive right to purchase the same.The assignment must obtain the approval of the examination and approval authority.11)如果在保證期內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)運(yùn)交的設(shè)備有缺陷，投資人必須按中方的要求，及時(shí)適當(dāng)解決

In case defect of the delivered equipment is found within the warranty period.INVESTOR shall take appropriate action for settlement without delay ,upon SINO`s request

12)在上述情況下，該缺點(diǎn)經(jīng)鑒定是由于中方操作經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，搬運(yùn)不當(dāng)或某一物品的消耗所致，則投資人應(yīng)要求中方支付實(shí)際運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用

In the above instance investor shall request SINO for payment of the actual costs of transportation ,when such defect is judged to be due to inexperienced operation by sino or due to inappropriate handling ,or due to an article of consumption

13)在投資人派遣工程師的任務(wù)完成以后，中方如有必要仍可要求投資人繼續(xù)給以技術(shù)支持，但投資人應(yīng)要求中方為這種增加的合作支付費(fèi)用，合作的條款由雙方將來討論約定。

Sino shall be able to request for continued technical support from investor , if necessary, even after completion of the above despatchofinvestor`sengineers.however ,in this instance.investor shall be able to request sino for the cost of such additional technological cooperation.terms and conditions shall be subject to mutual discussion and agreement between sino and investor ,in future

14)乙方確認(rèn)由其所生產(chǎn)的許可證產(chǎn)品必須嚴(yán)格按照甲方所提供的設(shè)計(jì)，圖紙及規(guī)格生產(chǎn)，除依第C條第一款規(guī)定的修改內(nèi)容以外，在任何情況下許可證產(chǎn)品均具備與 所生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品相同的質(zhì)量與運(yùn)動(dòng)性能。如果乙方未嚴(yán)格依照甲方的設(shè)計(jì)，圖紙及規(guī)格生產(chǎn)，則甲方對于乙方的許可證產(chǎn)品不承擔(dān)任何擔(dān)保責(zé)任。

15）GTT是中方和投資人之間的橋梁GTT應(yīng)協(xié)助中方用展銷會(huì)，研討會(huì)，技術(shù)培訓(xùn)等辦法在中國銷售產(chǎn)品GTT應(yīng)在產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)合格時(shí)考慮把這些產(chǎn)品銷往歐洲和非洲

1)GTT shall act as a bridge between SINO and INVESTOR

2)GTT shall assist SINO in marketing in china of products finished by SINO by means fo trade show ,seminar ,technical traning program ,ect

3)GTT shall consider marketing finished products to Europe and Africa when the quality turns out to be satisfactory

16）如果初次檢驗(yàn)不合格應(yīng)進(jìn)行第二次檢驗(yàn)，如果第二次檢驗(yàn)仍不合格，則投資人贏在2個(gè)月內(nèi)自費(fèi)調(diào)換有關(guān)設(shè)備如果檢驗(yàn)合格，雙方應(yīng)簽署檢驗(yàn)證明書一式二份，雙方各執(zhí)一份

1)In case initial test is unsatisfactory ,a second test shall be carried out.if the second test is again unsatisfactory ,INVESTOR shall replace the equipment involved atits own cost ,within two months after the second text

2)in case text results are satisfactory ,SINO and INVESTOR shall sign a text certificate in duplicate and each party shall keep one copy

17）本合同的訂立，效力，解釋，執(zhí)行及由其引起爭議的解決均適用中華人民共和國頒布的法律，法令，和條例規(guī)定

The making ,validity ,interpretation and implementation of this contract and the settlement of disputes arising thereform shall shall be governed by laws ,decrees and regulations promulgated by the people`s republic of china

18）受聘方的工作時(shí)間每周5天，每天7小時(shí)，受聘方按照中國，澳大利亞兩國政府規(guī)定的節(jié)假日放假，寒假按本校校歷規(guī)定。

The engaged party works five days a week and seven hours a day ,the engaged party have legal holidays as prescribed by both Chinese and Australian governmentthe winter vacation is fixed by the school calenderf

19）聘方每月支付給受聘方工資2000澳元，并按照澳大利亞政府對在澳工作的外籍教師的規(guī)定提供各種福利待遇

The engaginfg party pays the engaged party a monthly salary of 2000 australian dollars and provides him with various benefits as prescribed by Australian government for foreign teachers working in Australia

20）受聘方在入境，離境，或過境時(shí)，必須遵守澳大利亞政府有關(guān)外國人居住，工資福利以及旅行等的法律，規(guī)章，并遵守聘方的工作制度。

The engaged party shall abide by the laws and regulations of the Australian government concerning residence ,wages and benefits ,and travel for foreigners when entering ,leaving and passing through the territory of the country ,and shall follow the working system of the engaging party

21）雙方均不得無故撤銷合同如果聘方要求中途終止合同，除按上述條款承擔(dān)工資福利待遇外，需給受聘方增發(fā)3個(gè)月的工資作為補(bǔ)償金，并于1個(gè)月內(nèi)安排受聘方及其家屬回國并承擔(dān)有關(guān)費(fèi)用

若受聘方中途提出辭職，聘方自同意之日起即停發(fā)工資，受聘方不再享受各項(xiàng)福利待遇，受聘方及其家屬回國的一切費(fèi)用均由本人自理

Neither party shall cancel the contract without reasonable causes ,if the engaging party finds it

22）乙方在簽約后15天內(nèi)，為加工設(shè)備開出以甲方為受益人的銀行承兌信用證，其金額不得少于2220萬日元，見票180天付款。這份信用證，只有在乙方收到甲方為蘆筍罐頭對開的信用證后才能生效，甲方在收到這份信用證后，應(yīng)及時(shí)裝運(yùn)加工設(shè)備，提供本協(xié)議第七條所需的單證和180天到期的匯票，以便取得他的銀行承兌。

Party b shall within 15 days after signing this agreement establish in favour of party a an banker`s acceptance l/c in payment for the equipment ,for an account not less than J 22200000,available by draft at 180 days sight ,the l/c will be effective only after receipt by party b of a satisfactory reciprocal l/c opened by party a for payment of canned asparagns ,after receipt of the l/c ,party a shall effect shipment of the equipment of the equipment in time ,provide the required documents according to article 7 of this agreement together with the draft at 180 days sight ,and obtain its bank`s acceptance

23）乙方將向甲方提供上述貨物在香港和日本市場的市級零售價(jià)以供甲方參考，乙方無權(quán)干涉甲方的銷售價(jià)，銷售場所，和銷售辦法，但有權(quán)提出積極地建議，甲方有責(zé)任向乙方提交銷售報(bào)告（包括零售價(jià)）銷售過程中出現(xiàn)的問題和為提高銷售額而提出的建議，乙方應(yīng)向甲方提供各種有利于銷售（包括免費(fèi)樣品，試銷貨物，化妝品促銷資料，技術(shù)交流和有貯存條件等）便利。

Party b will submit to party a the actual retail prices of aforesaid articles in hongkong and Japanese markets for party a`s reference.Party b has no right to interfere with a`s selling

price ,spot and method ,but it has the right to make positive proposals , partya is responsibleto submit party b regular reports on selling situation(covering retail price), problems arising in the course of selling and making proposals to improve sales ,party b should provide party a with various arrangements which are conductive to sales(including samples free of charge ,articles for trial sales ,data for promoting cosmetic sales ,technical exchange and conditions for storage etc.

第五篇：商務(wù)合同翻譯

? Tranlation of Business Contract

一、商務(wù)合同概述

? A contract is an agreement, which legally binds the parties concerned.? 在由Steven H.Gifts編著的“Law Dictionary”中，contract被定義為 “a promise, or a set

of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”

? 合同是一種承諾，違反承諾可以得到法律救助，在某種意義上，法律將履行該承諾

看作是一種補(bǔ)償。綜上可見，合同是平等主體之間設(shè)立的確定民事權(quán)利和義務(wù)的法律協(xié)議。

? 合同英語屬于莊重文體（the frozen style），是各種英語文體中正式程度最高的一種。

總體來說，這種正式性體現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容的專業(yè)性、語言的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性和結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性等方面。合同種類

? 正式合同 Contract(P197)

? 協(xié)議書 Agreement

? 確議書 Confirmation

? 備忘錄 Memorandum

? 訂單 Order

? 意向書 Letter of intent

二、商務(wù)合同的構(gòu)成部分

一.約首(the head)

1.合同名稱 Title

2.前文（前言）Preamble

1)Date of signing

2)Signing parties

3)Each party’s authority 當(dāng)事人的合法依據(jù)

4）Place of signing

5)Recitalsor WHEREAS clause 定約緣由

二.本文（Body)

① 定義條款（Definition clause)

② 基本條款（Basic conditions)

③ 一般條款（General terms and conditions)

a.合同有效期限（Duration)

b.終止(Termination)

c.不可抗力（Force Majeure)

d.合同的讓與（Assignment)

e.仲裁（Arbitration)

f.適用法律（governing law)

g.訴訟管轄（Jurisdiction)

h.通知手續(xù)（Notice)

i.合同的修改（Amendment)

j.其他（Others)

三.約尾（the tail)

① 結(jié)尾語包括合同的份數(shù)、使用的文字和效力等（Concluding sentence)

② 簽名（Signature)

③ 蓋?。⊿eal)

三、Features of legal documents

1.common words with unusual meaning

?action訴訟alienation轉(zhuǎn)讓 avoid取消 counterpart有同等效力的副本

? Prejudice提案 save除了vacation休庭期間 limitation時(shí)效 minor未成年人

? review審查案件，復(fù)審 tort侵權(quán)

Eg.1.Thank you for your consideration.?No consideration, no contract.合同無對價(jià)不成立。

Eg.2.The testator died without issue.立遺囑人死亡時(shí)沒有子嗣.?The parties could not agree on the issue.?The passport was issued by the Liverpool office.2.Old English

To make the compound words by adding after, by, in, of, on, to, under, upon, or with after here,there, or where

? Hereafter: in this document and after this point 此后, 以后

? Hereby: in this way or by this letter以此, 特此, 由此

? Thereby: by that 按此, 借此, 從而, 由此

? Therefrom: from that從那里

Whereas Party A is willing to employ Party B and Party B agrees to do as Party A’s engineer in

Beijing, it is hereby agrees as follows.鑒于甲方愿聘請乙方,乙方同意應(yīng)聘為甲方在北京的工程師,雙方協(xié)議如下:

In consideration of the mutual covenants and agreement herein contained, the parties agree

as follows.雙方考慮到在此提出的契約和協(xié)議, 同意如下條款.3.Use the synonymous word with its relevant words

? Terms and conditions 條件 null and void 無效free and clear of 無

?able and willing 能夠并愿意any duties, obligations or liabilities所有責(zé)任

? applicable laws, regulations, decrees, directives,and rules 適用法律法規(guī)

?charges, fees, costs and expenses 各種費(fèi)用any and all 全部

?covenants and agreements 合同，協(xié)議customs and usages 慣例

? import duty and tax 進(jìn)口稅捐keep secret and confidential保密

? licenses and permits 許可packing and wrapping expenses 包裝費(fèi)

? rights and interests 權(quán)益settle claims and debts 清理債務(wù)

? ships and vessels 船只sign and issue 簽發(fā)

? support and maintenance 維護(hù)use and wont習(xí)慣，慣例

1）This Agreement made and entered into by and between ABC Co.and XYZ Co.ABC 公司和XYZ公司雙方簽訂本協(xié)議。

2）All documents, letters, telegrams and telexes interchanged between both parties before the

signing of the Contract shall become null and void automatically from the date on which the

Contract comes into force.雙方在簽約前交換的所有文件、書信、電報(bào)和電傳，應(yīng)從本合同生效之日開始自動(dòng)失效。

4.Latinate words

?alibi—不在犯罪現(xiàn)場ad hoc – 專門地de facto---事實(shí)上的?bona fide---真誠的alias---別名 versus---對，訴

eg.He established an alibi to the charge of murder.?他提供了謀殺案發(fā)生時(shí)不在場證明。

?他證實(shí)在謀殺案發(fā)生時(shí)，他不在場。

5.Formal words

? Compare the following two kinds of words and expressions

1）At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist/help Party B to install

the equipment.應(yīng)乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技術(shù)員幫助乙方安裝設(shè)備

2）Party A shall send back/repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to

Beijing.甲方應(yīng)將病人遣返中國，負(fù)責(zé)病人回到北京的旅費(fèi)。

Failure to notify Party A shall be deemed to be/ be regarded as a material breach of this

agreement.?未能按上述要求通知甲方的，則視為構(gòu)成實(shí)質(zhì)違約。

Enclosed is our new Quotation NO.475 in lieu of/in place of the previous one.?隨附我公司第475號報(bào)價(jià)替代前發(fā)的報(bào)價(jià)單。

Prices are subject to change/alteration with or without notice.?不管是否事先通知，價(jià)格可隨時(shí)變動(dòng)。

憲法優(yōu)先于其他一切法律

? Constitution is before/ prior to all other laws.? 任何一方不得在不預(yù)先通知的情況下終止合同

?Either party shall not terminate /stop the contract without notice in advance.–Terminate, stopcommence, begin

– be deemed to,be regarded asin lieu of, in place of

– prior to, beforewhatsoever, whatever

– accomplish, doadditional, extraacquire, get

– alteration,changeapplication, useassistance, help

注意may、shall、should、will、may not、shall not等詞語的法律內(nèi)涵

? May、shall、should、will、may not、shall not等詞的確很常見，但是在合同中這些

詞具有特殊的意義，所以翻譯起來要極其謹(jǐn)慎，避免引起糾紛。

a.May：在表示合同上的權(quán)利（Right）、權(quán)限（Power）或特權(quán)（Privilege）的場合中

使用。若表示某種權(quán)利在法律上具有強(qiáng)制性的時(shí)候，更多的是“be entitled”。

b.Shall：在合同中并不是單純的將來時(shí)，一般用它來表示法律上可以強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的義務(wù)

（Obligation）。如未履行，即視為違約，并構(gòu)成某種賠償責(zé)任。所以，shall在譯文里，通常

表示“應(yīng)該”或“必須”，當(dāng)然，也有不翻譯的時(shí)候。例如：

? The quality and prices of the commodities to be exchanged between the ex-importers in

the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides.? 貨物的質(zhì)量和價(jià)格必須使進(jìn)出口雙方都能接受。

? The formation of this contract, its validity, interpretation, execution and settlement of

the disputes shall be governed by related laws of the People’s Republic of China.? 本合同的訂立、效力、解釋、履行和爭議的解決均受中華人民共和國法律的管轄。

shall沒有譯出。

c.Should：在合同中通常只用來表示語氣較弱的假設(shè)，多翻譯成“萬一”或“如果”，極少譯成“應(yīng)該”。

? The board meeting shall be convened and presided over by the Chairman.Should the

chairman be absent, the vice-Chairman shall, in principle, convene and preside over the

board meeting.? 董事會(huì)會(huì)議應(yīng)由董事長召集、主持；若董事長缺席，原則上應(yīng)由副董事長召集、主

持。

? The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with

the contract by friendly negotiations.Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be

referred to the People's Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the

absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement

reached after such dispute occurs.? 雙方首先應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商，解決因合同而發(fā)生的或與合同有關(guān)的爭議。如果協(xié)商未

果，合同中又無仲裁條款約定或爭議發(fā)生后未就仲裁達(dá)成協(xié)議的，可將爭議提交有

管轄權(quán)的人民法院解決。

d.Will：一般使用在沒有法律強(qiáng)制的情況下，也用做表示承擔(dān)義務(wù)的聲明，但語氣和

強(qiáng)制力比Shall弱。

e.May not（或shall not）：用于禁止性義務(wù)，即“不得做什么”。

? 6.Terminology

?cause of action案由defendant 被告appeal 上訴

? damages損失，賠償金force majeure不可抗力 …

Indemnity n.a promise to protect someone from money lost or goods damaged;賠償?shù)谋ＷC

repayment for this；賠償金

An insurance contract that promises to pay for the replacement or repair of lost of

damaged goods賠償物

e.g.to arrange an ~ against loss辦理損失賠償

to demand an ~ for the delayed payment因延期付款要求賠償

Money demanded by a victorious nation at the end of awar as a condition of peace is an ~.戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束時(shí)，戰(zhàn)勝國作為和平條件索取之款項(xiàng)稱為“賠款”。

Infringement: violation n.違反；違背；侵犯；侵害

Force majeure: an unexpected and unavoidable event that causes or allows a contract to

be changed or cancelled if it has a force majeure clause.e.g.As a result of force majeure the transaction was not completed.基于不可抗力的因素，交易未能完成。

Arbitration : the settling of a dispute by means of a neutral third party rather than by a

court of law.仲裁（通過中立的第三方不通過法庭解決糾紛）

e.g.They decided to settle the dispute by ~.他們決定通過仲裁解決爭議。

Translation requirements

?1.Adequate & precise

?Eg.Unless it is legally or physically impossible, the contractor shall execute and

complete the works and remedy the defects therein in strict accordance with the

contract to the satisfaction of the engineer.?除法律或條件不允許的情況之外，承包方應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按合同施工和竣工，并改進(jìn)工作中的任何缺陷，達(dá)到工程師滿意的程度。

?Party A shall send technicians atParty B’s expense to train Party B’s personnel withindays after signing the Contract.? 甲方應(yīng)于簽約后三十天內(nèi)派遣技術(shù)員培訓(xùn)乙方的人員，有關(guān)費(fèi)用由乙方承擔(dān)。

?This Contract can only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with

documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.?本合同的修改補(bǔ)充應(yīng)有雙方授權(quán)代表簽名蓋章的文件，才能進(jìn)行

?合營企業(yè)的一切活動(dòng)應(yīng)遵守中華人民共和國法律、法令和有關(guān)條例規(guī)定。

?All the activities of the joint venture, shall comply with the provision of the laws,decrees and pertinent regulations of the Republic of China.? 拘役的期限，為十五日以上六個(gè)月以下。

?A term of criminal detention shall not be less than 15 days and no more than 6 months.2、expressiveness & smoothness

?合同文本是一種法律文件，屬于莊嚴(yán)性文體。翻譯商務(wù)合同時(shí)還應(yīng)該把規(guī)范通

順視為另一大原則。所謂“規(guī)范”，是指譯文必須符合法律語言的特點(diǎn)，盡量體現(xiàn)出

契約文體的特點(diǎn)。而所謂“通順”，是指譯文應(yīng)當(dāng)符合漢語的語法要求，使譯文清晰

易懂。

? During the period from the date of effectiveness to the termination of the Contract, the

two Parties shall hold a meeting very year to discuss problems arising form the execution

of the Contract.原譯：在合同生效之日起到合同終止之日的期間內(nèi)，雙方每年舉行一次會(huì)議，討論合同

發(fā)行中出現(xiàn)的問題。

? 原文在理解上沒有什么特別困難的地方，譯文意思也算正確，但只對原文逐字逐句

翻譯，顯得呆板，改譯為：

? 本合同有效期間，雙方應(yīng)每年正式會(huì)晤一次，以討論本合同履行期間存在的問題。

? The date of Bill of Lading shall be taken as the conclusive proof of the date of shipment,six(6)days grace shall be allowed for shipment earlier or later than the time agreed

upon by the Parties.In the event of the goods for one order being shipped in more than

one lot, each lot shall be deemed to be a separate sale on Contract.? 原譯：提單的日期應(yīng)為交貨日期的最后證明。雙方允許交貨比約定的時(shí)間早交或遲

交六天。一次訂貨多于一批裝運(yùn)，那么，每批貨應(yīng)被當(dāng)作是合同的單獨(dú)買賣。

? 原譯文表達(dá)累贅，結(jié)構(gòu)松散，不合乎漢語契約文體的簡約風(fēng)格。改譯為：

? 交貨日期以提單所載日期為準(zhǔn)，雙方同意在合同約定的交貨期的基礎(chǔ)上，允許有前

后六天的裝運(yùn)寬限期。若一次訂貨分批裝運(yùn)，則每一批貨為合同項(xiàng)下的單獨(dú) 買賣。

? One-third of the total amount shall be paid with the order when the Contract is signed,one third by documentary bill when shipment is effected, and the balance by clean bills

when the goods have arrived.? 合同簽訂時(shí)先預(yù)付貨款總額的三分之一，裝船后憑跟單匯票再付三分之一，剩余的三分之一在貨物抵達(dá)時(shí)憑光票一次性付清。

? 譯文充分利用添加的橫線部分充分表明了原條款的三個(gè)付款階段：交貨前、交貨時(shí)、交貨后，使得層次清楚，表達(dá)通順。

合同的訂立、生效和履行

? 1.This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party.?此合同一式二份，由雙方各持一正本。

? 2.What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix.? 本合同未盡事宜，可由雙方增補(bǔ)作為合同附件。

? 3.本合同一式四份（正副本各兩份）自簽署后生效

? The Contract is written in quadruplicate(two for original and copy respectively)which

shall become valid on the date of signature.? 4.本合同為中英文兩種文本，兩種文本具有同等效力。本合同一式兩份。自雙方簽

字（蓋章）之日起生效。

? This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which

shall be deemed equally authentic.This contract is in 2 copies effective since being signed by

both parties.?5.Unless the terms or context of this contract otherwise provide, all term used in this

Contract shall have the meanings set out in Schedule A hereto.? 除本合同條款或上下文另有所指，本合同中所有相關(guān)用語的定義見附錄甲。

?6.it has full authority to enter into this Contract and to perform its obligations

hereunder;

? 該方有全權(quán)訂立本合同以及履行本合同項(xiàng)下義務(wù)；

2.Modification

? 7.債務(wù)人將合同的義務(wù)全部或者部分轉(zhuǎn)接給第三方的，應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)債權(quán)人同意。

?If the debtor intends to transfer all or part of his obligations under the contract to a

third party, consent shall be obtained from the creditor.?Where the obligor delegates its obligations under a contract in whole or in part to a

third party, such delegation shall be subject to the consent of the obligee.? 8.債權(quán)人轉(zhuǎn)讓權(quán)利的，應(yīng)當(dāng)通知債務(wù)人。未經(jīng)通知，該轉(zhuǎn)讓對債務(wù)人不發(fā)生效力。

?Any transfer of rights by a creditor shall be notified to the debtor.The transfer

shall not bind the debtor without such notification.?Where the obligee assigns its rights, it shall notify the obligor.Such assignment will

have no effect on the obligor without notice thereof.3.Termination of contracts

? 9.This Contract may be terminated at any time prior to expiration of the Term by the

mutual written contract of the Parties.? 本合同期限屆滿之前，雙方可通過書面協(xié)議隨時(shí)終止本合同。

? 10.This Contract shall terminate upon the expiration of the Term unless extended

pursuant to Article.(Term).? 本合同于合同到期日終止，除非雙方按照第[]條（合同期限的續(xù)展）的規(guī)定續(xù)約。

? 11.當(dāng)事人可以約定一方解除合同的條件。解除合同的條件成就時(shí)，解除權(quán)人可以

解除合同。

?The parties may agree upon conditions under which either party may terminate the

contract.Upon satisfaction of the conditions, the party who has the right to terminate

may terminate the contract.? 12.Termination of this Agreement for any reason shall be without prejudice to any

right of action vested in either Party at the date of termination.? 本協(xié)議無論因何原因終止，不得損害任何一方在終止協(xié)議時(shí)的任何的行動(dòng)權(quán)利。

? 13.合同的權(quán)利義務(wù)終止，不影響合同中結(jié)算和清理?xiàng)l款的效力。

? The termination of rights and obligations under a contact shall not affect the validity of

clauses that related to the final settlement of accounts and winding-up.4.Liability for Breach of Contract

? 14.當(dāng)事人雙方都違反合同的，應(yīng)當(dāng)各自承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的責(zé)任。

? If both parties breach a contract, each party shall bear its own respective liabilities.? 15.If a party fails to perform its obligations under a contract, or its performance fails to

satisfy the terms of the contract, it shall bear the liabilities for breach of contract such as to continue to perform its obligations, to take remedial measures, or to compensate for losses.? 當(dāng)事人一方不履行合同義務(wù)或者履行合同義務(wù)不符合約定的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)繼續(xù)履行、采取補(bǔ)救措施或者賠償損失等違約責(zé)任。

? 5.Applicable law and dispute resolution

? 16.Where other laws provide otherwise in respect of a contract, such provisions shall

prevail.? 其他法律對合同另有規(guī)定的，依照其規(guī)定。

? 17.本合同的訂立、效力、解釋、履行受中華人民共和國法律的管轄。

? The formation, validity, interpretation and execution in respect of this contract shall be

governed by the relevant laws of the People's Republic of China.? 18.仲裁裁決是終局的，對雙方都有約束力。

?The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.