第一篇：商務合同相關翻譯對照-譯國譯民公司

商務合同相關翻譯對照

-譯國譯民翻譯公司

看了之后明白了很多英文“之乎者也”所對應的現代文，對合同 英語 的結構和特色也有了大概的了解。值得一看。

Contract 與 Agreement的有無區別

在英語中，合同一般稱為Contract，協議一般稱為Agreement。

何謂“contract”?

1999年中國《合同法》第二條對contract定義為： A contact in this Law refers to an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations

between subjects of equal footing, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations”。根據這一定義，合同平等主體之間設立的確定民事權利和義務的協議。，Steven H.Gifts編著的“Law Dictionary”中將contract 定義為“contract is a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the

which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”根據這一定義，合同是一種承諾，違反承諾可以得到法律救助，某種意義上法律將履行該承諾看作是一種補償。

L.B Curzon 在其編撰的字典“A Dictionary of Law”給contract的定義：“Contract is a legally binding agreement”根據這一定義，合同就是有法律約束力的協議。

綜合起來，有一個相同點，就是“Contract is an agreement”，即可將合同說成是“An agreement which binds the parties concerned”或者說合同說成是“An agreement which is enforceable by law”，也可以說：Contracts are promises that the law will enforce。

何謂“Agreement”?

L.B “A consensus of mind, or evidence of such consensus, in spoke or written form, relating to anything done or to be done.”

根據這一定義，協議是對已經做或準備做的相關事宜，經過談判、協商后取得一致意見，以口頭或書面形式做出的約定。

Black “Law Dictionary”有兩個定義。一個是：“A concord of understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights

and duties, of certain past or future facts or performance”根據這一定義，協議即雙方或多方京某些過去或將來某些事實的相關權利、義務或相關權利、義務的履行而達成的一致理解和愿望。

另一個是：“The consent of two or more persons concurring respecting the transmission of some property, right or benefits，with the view of contacting an obligation, a mutual obligation.”根據這一定義，協議即兩個或多個當事人，為了約定單方責任或相互責任，就財產權利、利益的轉移取得的一致同意。

Contract(合同)和Agreement(協議)是不是可以互換呢?

合同的成立必須具備幾個主要因素。它們(要約和承諾構成的)協議、約因、設立法律關系的愿望和締約能力四大部分組成。

L.B Curzon編著的“A Diction of Law”提到：“Contract generally involves”

1.offer and absolute and unqualified acceptance(要約和絕對接受)

2.consensus ad idem(意思表示一致，也叫meeting of minds)

3.intention to create legal relations(建立合同關系的意愿)

4.genuineness of consent(同意的真實性)

5.contractual capacity of the parties(合同當事人的締約能力)

6.legality of object(標的物的合法性)

7.possibility of performance(履行的可能性)

8.certainty of terms(條款 的確定性)

9.valuable consideration(等價有償)

Black＇Law Dictionary“ 中解釋道：Although often used as synonyms with ”contract“, agreement is a broader term, e.g.an agreement might lack an essential element of a contact.”

即“協議”和“合同”經常用作同義詞，但“協議”這一 術語 含義更廣，例如協議可能缺乏合同的必備 條款(essential clauses/provisions)。

實際使用當中，協議可不受必備條款的限制，而稱為合同的文體肯定少不了必備條款，有的合同將其單列，稱為一般條款(General provisions)。，1999中國《合同法》第十二條 規定 了八項一般條款，分別是：

1.title or name and domicile of the parities(當事人的名稱或姓名和住址)

2.contract object(標的)

3.quantity(數量)

4.quality(質量)

5.price or remuneration(價款或者報酬)

6.time limit, place and method of performance(履行期限、地點和方式)

7.liability for breach of contract(違約責任)

8.methods to settle disputes(解決爭議的方法)

上述解釋說明，contract(合同)和agreement(協議)的概念雖然接近，但使用范圍不同，不能互換使用。合同是協議的重要組成部分，所有合同一定是協議，而協議不見得都是合同。可以說具備合同成立要求的具有強制執行力的協議才是合同。

結構特點

合同類法律文件用以 規定 當事人的權利與義務，是預防與解決爭議的依據。合同英語行文縝密而準確，歷史悠久，深含法律文化底蘊。

中文的合同開頭一般先羅列當事人的名稱、姓名、住所或營業場所，然后是合同正文，結尾是當事人印章、授權代表簽字、職務及簽字日期。而英語合同一般以下面這類句式為開頭：

This agreement/contract is made and entered in to this ____ day of _____(month), _______(year)by and between Party A(hereinafter

called “ Party A ”)and Party B(hereinafter called “ Party B ”)

然后是開始陳述：

WHEREAS?THEREFORE

? It is hereby agreed as follows:

或以：

WITNESSETH, WHEREAS?

NOW THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows:

接著是正文，最后是證明部分：

IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and years first above written.隨后還包括當事人和見證人的簽字。簽字日期一般在英文合同最搬弄是非是找不到的。

下面列出新加坡、美國、香港和日本的合同格式。

A.新加坡

Agreement

THIS AGREEMENT is made the 9th day of August, 2001 between LUCKY INTERNATIONAL LTD, a company incorporated in

Singapore and having its registered office at Telek Blongar Rise, Singapore 19569(hereinafter called “The Company”)

of the part and JACK Wong(NRIC No._________ /A)of 108 Orchar Road, Singapore 01688(hereinafter called “The Manager”)of the other part.WHEREAS:

1.The company is engaged in IT business and requires a person with the necessary qualifications and experience to manage its business.2.?.NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED as follows:

1.The company shall employ the Manager and the Manager shall serve the Company as manager of the Company’s IT business for a period of two years commencing on 1st day of September

2.?.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have set their hand the day and year first above written.THE SCHEDULE ABOVE REFERRED TO...

第二篇：商務合同中長句的翻譯技巧-譯國譯民翻譯公司

商務合同中長句的翻譯技巧

-譯國譯民翻譯公司

英文合同中使用的大量長句，主要分為三大類：簡單長句、復合長句和并列長句。在翻譯這些長句時，首先要正確理解各種相關成分的邏輯關系，然后再適當切分，理出句子的主干成分。最后再按漢語表達習慣，變動語序，重新組合。這樣才能連貫、準確、清晰地予以表達。今天我們就先說一下簡單長句和并列長句的翻譯。

一、簡單長句及其翻譯

在翻譯英文商務合同中的簡單長句時，首先要正確理解各種相關成分的邏輯關系；然后再適當切分，理出句子的主干成分，翻譯時以句子的主干為主導；最后再按漢語表達習慣，變動語序，重新組合。這樣才能連貫、準確、清晰地予以表達。下面舉三個簡單長句翻譯的例子來說明：

1．The Buyers may，within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination，lodge a claim against the sellers for short-weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor.這是一個簡單長句，其主干為The Buyers may?lodge a claim?。

修飾謂語動詞的狀語有三個，a.分別表示時間within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination

b.方式being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor和

c.目的for short-weight

而且狀語中還有狀語，作定語的分詞issued還有自己的狀語by a reputable public surveyor。

眾多狀語，盡管在英語中的位置十分靈活，然而按照漢語的行文規范，方式狀語一般應位于動詞之前；而有些狀語在譯文中可以靈活處理，例如本句中的時間狀語，可以提前至句首。因此，上句可譯成：貨物抵達目的港15天內，買方可以憑有信譽的公共檢驗員出示的檢驗證明向賣方提出短重索賠。

2.Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract，the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export port.此句的主干為?the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price?to the Seller，其中含有一個時間狀語within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract。

從語用的角度來看，商務合同中許多時間狀語表示的是某一締約方必須在何時何地承擔某一義務和享有某一種權利，即時效性。因此整個句子的重心不是句子的動詞，而是發生動作的時間。

在譯成中文時，為了突出行為的時效性，時間狀語應盡量靠近表示義務責任的關鍵詞“須”。此句中還含有一個較為復雜的方式狀語by opening an

irrevocable L/C?，其中含有三個介詞短語作定語修飾an irrevocable L/C。按照漢語的行文規范，方式狀語一般應位于動詞之前。

此外，若動詞同時帶有時間狀語和方式狀語時，英文的通常順序是方式在前，時間在后，而漢語卻正好與之相反，為方式在后，時間在前。因此本句可譯成：

買方須于本合同簽字并生效后30天內通過出口地銀行開立以賣方為收益人的不可撤銷信用證支付全部貨款計30 000美元。

3.The Equipment and Material shall be carefully and properly packed in the best and stable condition according to the figures and characteristics of the Equipment and Material so as to withstand long-distance sea and inland transportation and numerous handlings.此句的句子結構并不復雜但包含一個較為復雜的方式狀語。從語用特征的角度來看，方式狀語通常都是規定性的，其作用是規定合約方履行某項義務必須采取的方式或手段，在合同的語言環境下，即使有關締約方履行了合同規定的義務，但若其履行義務的方式與合同規定的方式不符，乃構成違約。因此，方式狀語的作用通常都是比較重要的。本句可譯成：

設備和原料須根據其形狀和特點以完善而牢固的方式精心妥當地包裝，包裝須適合于長途海、陸運輸，能經受多次裝卸。

二、并列長句及其翻譯

由于撰寫合同時不能遺漏任何可能情況，所以英文商務合同中往往有大量并列成分。這些并列成分包括并列的詞、短語以及從句。從語用角度看，并列的平行結構使合同的句式平衡，表意完整。在翻譯由兩個或兩個以上的并列單句構成的復雜長句時可以采用分句譯法。并列長句的分句之間的語義關系比較松散，因此翻譯時可以斷開，分解成單句獨立存在。例如：

The Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Seller for compensation of losses within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，should the quality of the goods be found not in conformity with the specifications stipulated in the Contract after re-inspection by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau and the Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Sellers for compensation of short-

weight within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，should the weight be found not in conformity with that stipulated in the Bill of Lading after re-inspection by the CCIB.此句由兩個結構相同的并列分句組成，均為主句在前，條件狀語在后，在兩個條件狀語中均含有時間狀語，此外，兩個并列分句中也都含有時間狀語，均為within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，譯成中文時，條件狀語應分別置于主句之前，而所有的時間狀語均放在各自修飾的動詞的前面。同時，為了符合漢語句式較短的特點，可以將兩個并列分句斷開，分解成兩個單句，即譯成：

若貨物經中國商品檢驗局復檢后發現質量與本合同之規定不符，買方有權于貨物抵達目的港后的60天內向賣方提出索賠。若經中國商品檢驗局復檢發現貨物質量與提單所示重量不符，買方有權于貨物抵達目的港后的60天內向賣方提出短重索賠。

第三篇：英文求職信-譯國譯民翻譯公司

英文求職信

During the past then years, my experience has been concentrated in the masonry and plastering products supply industry with a building materials firm.During my six years as General Manager, I took an old line business, which had undergone several years of poor management, and reversed the trend.I upgraded the firm's image, and customer and vendor relations, which subsequently increased the dollar volume and bottom line profits by 300%.My employment background consists of twelve years at the Deaconess Hospital, where I provide a wide range of administrative, financial, and research support to the Chief Executive Officer.I have a strong aptitude for working with numbers and extensive experience with computer software applications.YOU REQUIRE: I OFFER:

A college degree A Bachelors degree in English from Long Island University

Fluency in Italian and French Fluency in Italian, German, and French

Office experience Experience as a receptionist at a busy accounting firm

Typing skills Accurate typing at 60WPM

Willingness to travel Willingness to travel

My work experience and my scholastic endeavors have thoroughly prepared me for employment in a firm that specializes in various segments of law.This fall and past summer, I have been working for a small general practice firm where I am entrusted with a great deal of responsibility.I write appellate briefs, memoranda in corporate, contract, and criminal law, and I draft complaints and answers.I also actively participate in attorney-client conferences by questioning clients and by

describing how the law affects the clients' suits.I offer extensive knowledge of five computer languages and strong management, sales, and sales support experience.As a Computer Specialist, I was responsible for the management of a center handling the complete line of Honeywell computers and peripherals for home and commercial use.In addition to a B.S.degree in Business Administration, I will receive a certificate in Programming this May.Please note that I am currently completing my senior year at North Dakota University and will receive my B.S.degree with a major in accounting and a

concentration in computer programming in May.Throughout school, and during full-time and part-time employment, I have continued to strengthen my focus in these areas.In addition, I have excellent problem-solving skills and feel that, if given the opportunity, I would be an immediate as well as a long-term asset to your firm.I am presently a senior in good standing at New York University, due to graduate in May.I am pursuing a Bachelor of Arts degree with a major in Journalism and a minor in both Economics and English literature am proficient in both WordPerfect and Microsoft Word for Windows, and am familiar with both IBM and Apple operating systems.I am presently working as a Research Intern for the Economics Division of Trade winds Publishing in Newark.I have six years of experience, two as an apprentice and four as a licensed electrician, handling all kinds of electrical installations, working with electrical

contractors, and as a subcontractor.Presently I am investigating new opportunities in which to apply my education and experience with a well established company.I am capable of working independently or as a member of a team and feel confident of my ability to provide quality performance in any assignment that I undertake.During the past fourteen years, my experience has ranged from senior auditor with Keane & Co.Peripherals to my current position as Vice-President/Controller of a $90 million, multi-plant CD-ROM manufacturing operation.I believe that my expertise and entrepreneurial insight can be utilized to the advantage of a growing enterprise with a need for effective and efficient financial management and cost control.As you will note, I have fifteen years of educational and media experience.I am proficient in the operation of a wide variety of photographic, video, and audio equipment.I am regularly responsible for processing, duplicating

第四篇：翻譯商業計劃書-譯國譯民

翻譯商業計劃書

-譯國譯民翻譯公司

項目商業計劃書，是為企業的項目融資、戰略合作等提供的高質量的正規商業文件，由中商情報網專家團隊編制。計劃書嚴格按照國際通行慣例，針對企業的項目特點和實際需求，凸顯翻譯項目的投資和實施優勢，特別強調項目自有的商業模式和盈利模式，可以幫助翻譯項目主辦方，向投資人或戰略合作對象全面展示企業或項目的目前狀況和未來發展潛力。計劃書著重關注技術與產品、管理團隊、行動計劃、經營目標、財務分析、投資回報等。整個計劃書市場調研充分、資料說明有力、財務分析透徹，能夠幫助翻譯項目主辦方達到招商融資或其它發展目標。

中商情報網是國內最早開展金融咨詢服務的公司之一，擁有近十年的行業經驗，積累了大量的成功案例，綜合服務優勢突出。中商智業和國家統計部門、各主要行業協會長期保持良好關系，擁有暢通的數據采集渠道，目前擁有1000多個行業從1998年至今年完整的統計數據和市場調查數據，其內容包括行業經濟指標、進出口數據、價格數據、主要企業數據。中商智業優秀的行業分析能力得到客戶高度認可，眾多研究結論被國內主流財經媒體引用。我們的信息采集優勢使我們能高質量完成商業計劃書的行業、市場分析和競爭分析部分。根據項目的投資額度、所屬行業和語言版本，實行梯形定價方法，科學合理。涵蓋機械裝備、電子信息、石油化工、能源、冶金、農業、食品、輕工、交通運輸、醫藥、醫療等行業項目。

本計劃書主要有以下幾大用途：

一、獲得VC/PE投資

二、獲得政府資金投入

三、獲得銀行貸款

四、實現企業并購

五、規劃公司和項目

翻譯商業計劃書編制有相對固定的格式，包括反映投資商所有感興趣的內容，從企業成長經歷、產品服務、市場營銷、管理團隊、股權結構、組織人事、財務、運營到融資方案。是企業或項目單位為了達到招商融資和其它發展目標之目的，在經過對項目調研、分析以及搜集整理有關資料的基礎上，根據一定的格式和內容的具體要求，向投資商及其他相關人員全面展示企業項目目前狀況及未來發展潛力的書面材料;商業計劃書是包括項目籌融資、戰略規劃等經營活動的藍圖與指南，也是企業的行動綱領和執行方案。

第五篇：上海譯國譯民翻譯公司成長歷史

上海譯國譯民翻譯公司成長歷史

上海譯國譯民翻譯服務有限公司，成立于2003年2月27日，中國翻譯協會理事單位和美國翻譯協會會員單位，中國的十大翻譯公司之一。公司致力于消除語言障礙，創造溝通價值，讓多語種翻譯和跨國溝通像泡茶一樣簡單，從而讓您輕松應對國際語言環境，暢享全球化帶來的種種便利。

上海譯國譯民作為全球化時代多語言處理解決方案的首選供應商，在北京、上海、廣州、深圳、重慶設有翻譯服務中心，是一家全國連鎖的專業翻譯服務機構。為多家世界500強企業提供翻譯服務。現有專職翻譯師、譯審、項目經理、桌面排版工程師共50余人。小語種外協譯員多達2000余名，可以處理包括英語、日語、韓語、俄語、德語、法語、意大利語、西班牙語、葡萄牙語等在內的近70個語種的筆譯和口譯工作。擁有專業同傳設備和VCD翻譯,配音設備，并與北外、上外、南大等高校副教授以上的高級翻譯人員保持著長期的合作關系，注重提高翻譯服務質量，努力打造翻譯公司行業品牌，外語通的使命就是為您掃除語言和文化障礙，成為您全球化道路上值得信賴的合作伙伴。

為了保證翻譯質量，對整個翻譯和本地化過程進行有效控制和管理，我們基于ISO9000質量管理標準和LISA QA模型(LISA QA Model)以及其它一些翻譯標準制訂了我們內部的質量管理控制程序，對整個翻譯和本地化流程進行了細致的劃分和優化，精確控制每個環節和最終質量。專業的翻譯質量、誠實的工作態度、良好的心理素質、完美的理想追求、全面的服務，是譯國譯民的目標。不斷超越自己、追求更高要求，是譯國譯民在以后的工作的主要方向。

隨著廣大客戶對外語通的認知和信任，譯國譯民公司的影響和知名度日益擴大，衷心希望我們與越來越多的客戶接觸，并建立長期友好的合作關系。