第一篇:簡單的口語表達(dá)
1. It's up to you.(由你決
定。)
2. I envy [羨慕]you.(我羨慕你。)
3. How can I get in touch with you?
5. What's the weather like today?(今天天氣如何?)
6. Where are you headed [朝…方向行進(jìn)]?(你要到哪里去?)
7. I wasn't born yesterday.(我又不是三歲小孩。)
8. What do you do for relaxation[消遣、娛樂]?(你做什么消遣?)
9. It's a small world.(世界真小!)
10. It's my treat[請客、款待] this time.(這次我請客!)
11. The sooner the better.(越快越好。)
12. When is the most convenient [方便的;便利的] time for you?
13. Take your time.(慢慢來/別著急。)
14. I'm mad about Bruce Lee.(我迷死李小龍了。)I'm crazy[著迷的;狂熱愛好的] about rock music.(我對搖滾樂很著迷。)
16. What was your name again?(請?jiān)僬f一次名字好嗎?)
17. Would you care for[喜歡] a cop of coffee?(要被咖啡嗎?)
19. So far so good.(目前為止,一切都好。)
20. It drives[逼迫;迫使] me crazy.(它把握逼瘋了。)
21. She never showed up[出席;露面].(她一直沒有出現(xiàn)。)
22. That's not like him.(那不象是他的風(fēng)格。)
23. I couldn't get through.(電話打不通。)
24. I got sick and tired of hotels.(我討厭旅館。)
25. Be my guest.(請便、別客氣)
26. Can you keep an eye on my bag?(幫我看一下包好嗎?)
27. Let's keep in touch.(讓我們保持聯(lián)系。)
28. Let's call it a day[決定或同意暫時(shí)或永久停止(進(jìn)行某事)].29. I couldn't help [避免;阻止] it.(我沒辦法。)
30. Something's come up[發(fā)生/出現(xiàn)].(有點(diǎn)事/出事了)
31. Let's get to the point [要點(diǎn)/核心問題].(讓我們來談要點(diǎn)。)
32. Keep that in mind.(記住那件事。)
34. I'll be looking forward to it.(我將期待這一天。)
35. Chances are slim [渺茫的;微小的].(機(jī)會很小。)
36. Far from it.(一點(diǎn)也不。)
37. I'm behind in my work.(我工作進(jìn)度落后了。)
40. My mouth is watering.(我在流口水了。)
41. What do you recommend?(你推薦什么?)
42. I ache all over.(我渾身酸痛。)
44. It's out of the question.(這是不可能的。)
45. Do you have any openings?(你們有空缺嗎?)
46. It doesn't make any difference.(沒什么差別/無所謂。)
49. It doesn't work.(壞了;不動(dòng)了。)
50It's better than nothing.(總比什么都沒有好。)
51. Think nothing of it.(別放在心上。)
54. I can't express[表示;表達(dá);表明] myself very well in English.(我不能很好地用英語表達(dá)自己。)
55. For the time being.(暫時(shí);暫且;目前)
56. This milk has gone bad.(這牛奶變質(zhì)了。)
59. Math is beyond[對某人而言難以想象/理解/估計(jì)] me.(我對數(shù)學(xué)無能為力。)
60. It slipped my mind.(我忘了。)
62. I'm working on[著手;從事] it.(我正在努力。)
63. You bet!(當(dāng)然!)
64. Drop me a line[短信].(寫封信給我)
68. It isn't much.(那是微不足道的。)
69. Neck and neck.(不分上下。)
71. Don't get me wrong [誤解].(不要誤會我。)
72. I'm under a lot of pressure.(我壓力很大。)
74. It doesn't make any sense!(毫無意義!)
76. What's this regarding?(這是關(guān)于哪方面的?)
78. Can you give me a hand[幫手;援助]?(你能幫個(gè)忙嗎?)
79. We have thirty minutes to kill [消磨;打發(fā)(時(shí)間)].(我們有三十分鐘空閑時(shí)間。)
80. Whatever you say.(隨便你。)
81. It'll come to me.(我會想起來的。)
82. You name it!(你說出來。)
83. Time will tell.(時(shí)間會證明的。)
85. You should take advantage of [利用] it.(你應(yīng)該好好利用這個(gè)機(jī)會。)
86. Let's talk over coffee.(我們邊喝邊談。)
87. Take it easy.(輕松一點(diǎn);別緊張;放松放松;再見。)
[這是美國人最喜歡說的話,也可作離別用語。]
88. I'm easy to please[使…高興;討…喜歡].(我很容易取悅
/相處。)
89. Let's give him a big hand.(讓我們熱烈鼓掌。)
90. As far as I'm concerned.(就我而言。)
91. I'm all mixed up.(我全搞混了。)
92. Let's get together one of these days.(找一天聚聚。)
93. He's behind the times.(他落伍了/跟不上時(shí)代了。)
94. I'm pressed for time.(我時(shí)間緊迫。)
95. I'm up to my ears[忙得不可開交;深陷于某事物中] in work.(我忙死了。)
96. You can't do this to me.(你不能這么對我。)
97. Just to be on the safe side.(為了安全起見。)
98. I hope I didn't offend you.(希望沒有冒犯你。)
99. It won't take much time.(不會花很長時(shí)間的。)100. It's been a long time.(好久不見了。)
101. It's nothing.(小事情;不足掛齒。)
102. It's a long story.(說來話長。)
103. It's about time.(時(shí)間差不多了。)
104. It's incredible.(難以置信!)
105. It's hard to say.(難說。)
106. I can't imagine why.(我想不通為什么。)
107. That can't be.(不可能。)
108. That's really something.(真了不起。)
109. Are you sure?(你確信嗎?)
110. Are you crazy?(你瘋了嗎?)
111. Excuse me for a moment.(失陪一會兒。)
112. I mean it.I'm serious.I'm no kidding!(我是認(rèn)真的。)113. I'll consider this matter.(我會考慮這件事的。)114. I'll do something about it.(我會想辦法的。)115. What are you talking about?(你在說些什么?)116. I'm afraid I can't.(恐怕我不行。)
117. I'm dying[很想] to see you.(我真想見你。)118. I'm flattered.(過獎(jiǎng)了。)
119. I'm not in the mood.(我沒心情。)
120. I'm so scared.(我怕極了。)
121. I can't make it.(我去不了/我趕不上。)
122. You can never tell.(不知道/誰也沒把握。)
125. It can't be helped.(無能為力。)
126. Sorry to bother you.(抱歉打擾你。[事前])
Sorry to have bothered you.(抱歉打擾你。[事后])127. I'm always punctual.(我總是很準(zhǔn)時(shí)。)
128. You may leave it to me.(交給我來辦。)
129. I wish I could.(不行。)[委婉表達(dá)法]
130. What's the rush?(什么事那么匆忙?)
第二篇:簡單口語
1.After you.你先請。
這是一句很常用的客套話,在進(jìn)/出門,上車得場合你都可以表現(xiàn)一下。
2.I just couldn’t help it.我就是忍不住。
想想看,這樣一個(gè)漂亮的句子可用于多少個(gè)場合?
下面是隨意舉的一個(gè)例子:
I was deeply moved by the film and I cried and cried.I just couldn’t help it.3.Don’t take it to heart.別往心里去,別為此而憂慮傷神。
生活實(shí)例:
This test isn’t that important.Don’t take it to heart.4.We’d better be off.我們該走了。It’s getting late.We’d better be off.5.Let’s face it.面對現(xiàn)實(shí)吧。
常表明說話人不愿意逃避困難的現(xiàn)狀。參考例句:I know it’s a difficult situation.Let’s face it, OK?
6.Let’s get started.咱們開始干吧。
勸導(dǎo)別人時(shí)說:Don’t just talk.Let’s get started.7.I’m really dead.我真要累死了。
坦誠自己的感受時(shí)說:After all that work, I’m really dead.8.I’ve done my best.我已盡力了。9.Is that so? 真是那樣嗎?
常用在一個(gè)人聽了一件事后表示驚訝、懷疑。10.Don’t play games with me!別跟我耍花招!11.I don’t know for sure.我不確切知道。
Stranger: Could you tell me how to get to the town hall?
Tom: I don’t know for sure.Maybe you could ask the policeman over there.12.I’m not going to kid you.我不是跟你開玩笑的。Karin: You quit the job? You are kidding.Jack: I’m not going to kid you.I’m serious.13.That’s something.太好了,太棒了。
A: I’m granted a full scholarship for this semester.B: Congratulations.That’s something.14.Brilliant idea!這主意真棒!這主意真高明!15.Do you really mean it? 此話當(dāng)真?
Michael:Whenever you are short of money, just come to me.David: Do you really mean it?
16.You are a great help.你幫了大忙
17.I couldn’t be more sure.我再也肯定不過。18.I am behind you.我支持你。
A: Whatever decision you’re going to make, I am behind you.19.I’m broke.我身無分文。
20.Mind you!請注意!聽著!(也可僅用Mind。)模范例句:Mind you!He’s a very nice fellow though bad-tempered.21.You can count on it.你盡管相信好了,盡管放心。
A:Do you think he will come to my birthday party?B: You can count on it.22.I never liked it anyway.我一直不太喜歡這東西。
當(dāng)朋友或同事不小心摔壞你的東西時(shí)就可以用上這句話給他一個(gè)臺階,打破尷尬局面:Oh, don’t worry.I’m thinking of buying a new one.I never liked it anyway.23.That depends.看情況再說。
例:I may go to the airport to meet her.But that depends.Congratulations.恭喜你,祝賀你。
24.Thanks anyway.無論如何我還是得謝謝你。當(dāng)別人盡力要幫助你卻沒幫成時(shí),你就可以用這個(gè)短語表示謝意。
25.It’s a deal.一言為定
Harry: Haven’t seen you for ages.Let’s have a get-together next week.Jenny: It’s a deal.1.Things couldn't be better。(一切順利。)2.Are you ****** progress?(有進(jìn)展嗎?)
3.May I have your name, please?(請問尊姓大名?)4.I've heard so much about you。(久仰大名。)5.Please say hello to your mother for me。(請代我向你母親問好。)
6.Same to you。(彼此彼此。)
7.Nice talking to you。(很高興與你聊天。)
8.Thank you for everything。(謝謝你的多方關(guān)照/你為我所做的一切。)
9.I appreciate your help。(我感謝你的幫助。)10.Sorry to bother /have bothered you。(抱歉,打擾一下/打擾你了。)
11.What do you do?(你做什么工作?)
12.How do you like your new job?(你覺得你的新工作怎樣?)
13.I know how you feel。(我知道你的感受。)14.I love you guys。(我愛你們。)
15.How do I look?(我看起來怎么樣?)
16.That's really something。(那真是了不起!)17.It's a pleasure working with you。(與您合作很愉快。)
18.I'd like to propose a toast。(我提議干杯!)
19.I've been dying to see you。(我非常想見到你。)20.Money will come and go。(錢乃身外之物。)21.You're everything to me。(你是我的一切!)22.I love you with all my heart。(我全心全意愛你!)23.Have you got it?(明白了嗎?)24.I mean it。(我是認(rèn)真的。)25.I'm so scared。(我怕極了。)
26.It's a long story。(說來話長/一言難盡。)27.It's a small world。(世界真小。)28.No doubt about it。(毫無疑問。)29.Think it over。(仔細(xì)考慮一下。)30.Time will tell。(時(shí)間會證明的。)
31.You are the boss!(聽你的!你說了算!)32.Zip your fly!(閉嘴!)
第三篇:聽力常用口語表達(dá)
************************ 聽力中具有否定意義的結(jié)構(gòu) ************************(1)包含否定性的關(guān)鍵詞
W:What kind of fruit would you like, apple or orange? M:Neither.Actually, I prefer banana to any other fruit.Q: What did the man mean?
A)He didn't like any fruit.B)He wanted other kinds of fruit.C)He liked banana more than any other fruit.D)He liked all sorts of fruit except for apple and orange.本句中neither是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞,出這個(gè)詞可知,男方既不喜歡蘋果也不喜歡桔子,再配合后一句話可知,他只愛香蕉。因此選C為正確答案。
否定形式的關(guān)鍵詞主要有以下類型:
表示否定意義的副詞和形容詞,如 hardly, rarely, little, seldom, few, never 等。
表示否定意義的代詞和連詞,如:nothing, nobody, neither, nor, none等。由否定前綴或否定后綴構(gòu)成的詞。常見否定前綴有im-,un-,dis-,non-;常見否定后綴有-less等。表示否定意義的動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語或介詞短語,如:fail, miss, avoid, deny, hate, refuse, doubt, far from, anything but, instead of, rather than等。
從所表達(dá)的否定的意義上來講可分為:
1.全部否定 用完全否定詞no,none,nobody,no one, nothing, nowhere, never, neither, not等表示。
2.部分否定 常用半否定詞seldom, rarely, few, hardly, little等來否定其中一部分。此外,還可用not與always, all, entirely, both, every連用,表示部分否定。
3.雙重否定 雙重否定通常表示肯定意義,往往是加強(qiáng)語氣。
4.強(qiáng)調(diào)否定 常見的否定詞或短語有:never, little, barely, seldom, in no way, by no means, under no circumstances, on no account, 且為倒裝語序。5.含否定意思的動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語,介詞、介詞詞組等 如deny, without, too?to, anything but, miss, fail, rather than, instead of等。
(2)否定式句法結(jié)構(gòu)
常用的否定結(jié)構(gòu)有too?to結(jié)構(gòu),強(qiáng)調(diào)否定式結(jié)構(gòu),如以 never, little, rarely等詞開頭的倒裝句,以及雙重否定式結(jié)構(gòu),如not uncommon, not impossible, No one can deny?, not careless等。這類否定較為常見,要求考生敏感地覺察出句子的否定意味,否則就會造成判斷錯(cuò)誤。如:
W: I heard the student bus was overturned in a traffic accident M: Yes, and what is more, no one on the bus was not injured.Q: How many were injured in the accident? A)No one on the bus was injured.B)More than one student on the bus was injured.C)Every one on the bus was injured.D)Only one student on the bus was injured.如果聽出男方話中的雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu),就不難選出正確答案C〉但如果未聽出雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu),漏聽一個(gè)或兩個(gè)not,那么就極可能選出A或D。
(3)對一方觀點(diǎn)的委婉否定
這種現(xiàn)象也比較常見。英美人否定他人觀點(diǎn)一般不直接表述,而采取十分委婉的方式,顯得禮貌和尊重對方,因此要特別注意。如:
M: You have been in London for several months.How do you like the city? W: The only thing is the sun never shines.It's always gray and gloomy.Q: What doesn't the woman seem to like about London?
A)The unsmiling faces B)The weather C)The londoners D)The sun
由女方的話中不難體會出,這位女士除了抱怨倫敦整天霧氣蒙蒙,難見艷陽之外,別的方面還算過得去。因此,答案是B。
************************************************ 英語口語特點(diǎn)實(shí)例分析及常見口語表達(dá)方式
************************************************
英美人在真實(shí)生活中口語表達(dá)和學(xué)生在課堂里學(xué)到的書面表達(dá)并不完全一致。而學(xué)生所接觸的英語口語表達(dá)又極為有限。因此要突破四級考試的聽力難關(guān),除了平時(shí)多聽多練之外,還需要英語口語表達(dá)方法和表達(dá)方式上下功夫。
1、英語口語表達(dá)方法
英語口語表達(dá)主要是靠一些口語常用的單詞、短語及習(xí)慣表達(dá)法來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。而且口語中使用的單詞大都是音節(jié)較少的詞。如單音節(jié)或雙音節(jié)詞,這些詞往往都是學(xué)生很熟悉的,如mork, make, fix, pick等。在聽力測試中,學(xué)生大都能聽清楚這些詞的發(fā)音,但卻不能揣摩出整個(gè)句子的含義,因?yàn)樗麄兺窃跁嬲Z的語境里掌握這些詞的,殊不知在口語中,這些詞的意思發(fā)生了變化。例如: A: You have 15 minutes to get your train.B: All right, I guess I can make it.譯文
A:你只有一刻鐘的時(shí)間去趕乘這班火車了。B:沒關(guān)系,我想我趕得上。
在這個(gè)對話中,一些學(xué)生就因?yàn)椴幻靼譵ake it的意思,而不能理解對話的準(zhǔn)確含義。其實(shí)make ti在英語口語中使用得很頻繁,表示“辦成功”,“做到”,“趕到”。它在書面語中很少出現(xiàn),因此學(xué)生對它感到陌生也不奇怪。
又如在1995年6月的四級聽力測試中,有一道聽力題:
W: I hear there's a good Japanese restaurant nearby.Would you like to go there for lunch? M: Yes, but it's my treat this time.Q: What does the man mean?
譯文
W:我聽說附近有一家不錯(cuò)的日本餐館,你愿意去那里吃午飯嗎? M:行,不過這次該我請了。Q:這位男士的話是什么意思?
本題有超過半數(shù)的考生未能答對,其原因顯然是對treat這一詞的掌握不夠全面。因此考生應(yīng)熟記一些口語中常出現(xiàn)而和書面語中用法不同的單詞,短語及表達(dá)方法,以下各例例舉的是在四級英語聽力測試中曾出現(xiàn)過的學(xué)生易理解錯(cuò)的部分單詞、短語及表達(dá)法。
(1)do進(jìn)展,進(jìn)行(作為不及物動(dòng)詞)
例如:
How are you doing on your paper? 你的論文進(jìn)展順利嗎? How did you do in the examination? 你考得怎么樣?(2)dean不動(dòng),失靈
例如:
The car is totally dead.這輛車完全開不動(dòng)了。
(3)fix修理,確定,準(zhǔn)備
例如:
I'm going to fix the bicycle myself.我打算自己修理自行車。
We have to fix a date for the next meeting.我們應(yīng)確定下一次會議的日期。She's fixing breakfast for three of us.她正在為我們?nèi)藴?zhǔn)備早餐。(4)check(憑客票)托運(yùn)(用于美國英語)
例如:
We checked two trunks to Chicago.我們把兩個(gè)箱子托運(yùn)到芝加哥。
(5)work out產(chǎn)生結(jié)果,成功
例如:
The plan worked out badly.計(jì)劃執(zhí)行得很不成功。
(6)agree with(食物、氣候等)適合某人
例如:
The climate here doesn't agree with me.我不適應(yīng)這里的氣候。
(7)pick up順便去買,把??載上車
例如:
Don't forget to pick up bananas on your way home.回家途中別忘了順便買些香蕉。
Shall I pick you up at the station? 要我開車到車站支接你嗎?(8)go Dutch 各人付各人的帳
例如:
let's go Dutch.咱們各付各的帳。
(9)be around 露面,被見到
例如:
He'll be around this afternoon.今天下午可以見到他。
(10)call on sb.請某人回答問題/講話
例如:
The chairman called on me to speak at the meeting.會議主席要我在會上發(fā)言。
(11)How are you going?你好嗎?
其實(shí)這一表達(dá)法類似于“How are you?”,也是常用于口語中的問題候語。類似的表達(dá)法還有:
How are things going?近來好嗎? How is everything?一切都好嗎? How are you getting on/along?你過得好嗎? 然而學(xué)生往往只熟悉“How are you?”,因此在聽力測試中就不能正確理解其它類似的表達(dá)法。
(12)I can't agree with you more.我完全同意你的想法。
這是一句典型的形式否定而意思肯定的句子,這種句子在口語中出現(xiàn)得較多。又如:
I couldn't be more sure.我再肯定不過了。學(xué)生若不熟悉這種口語表達(dá)法,對聽到的句子所表示的肯定意義就無法做出正確判斷。
由此可見英語口語中一些常用的詞、詞組或表達(dá)法和書面語確有差別,學(xué)生應(yīng)該不斷積累這些語言知識,才會為提高自己的聽力水平打下基礎(chǔ)。
2、英語口語表達(dá)方式
熟悉英語口語表達(dá)方式對于提高學(xué)生英語聽力水平也起著至關(guān)鍵重要的作用。用的口語表達(dá)只是一種直接的信息交流。如1998年1月的四級聽力測試中有一題:
W: I'd love to see a different type of movie for a change.I'm tired of movies about romantic stories.M: I agree.Let's go and see a nwe movie at the Royal Theatre.I hear it's a real story of two prison breakers.Q: What kind of movie does the woman find boring?
對于這種聽力題,學(xué)生只要掌握了基本的口語詞匯及表達(dá)方式,并進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)穆犃τ?xùn)練,就能很容易抓住主要信息,然后做出正確判斷。
然而,在英美人的真實(shí)生活中,他們常常不是坦率地說出自己想說的話,而往往通過某種方式間接地去表達(dá)自己。這種“轉(zhuǎn)變抹角”的語言使用現(xiàn)象就是語言的間接性,間接地使用語言是英語語言交流的一個(gè)普遍現(xiàn)象。如果英語學(xué)習(xí)者不熟悉英語語言表達(dá)方式上的間接性,就會導(dǎo)致聽力測試中無法正確理解說話人的真正意圖。
例如在1993年6月的四級聽力測試中有一題:
W: I need a car this weekend, but mine has broken down.M: I'm sorry to hear it, but you can always rent one if you have a license.Q: What does the man mean? A)She can use his car.B)She can borrow someone else's car.C)She must get her car fixed.D)She can't borrow his car.正確答案為D。有近三分之二的考生未選對此題,他們將女士的話語理解成一個(gè)純粹的事實(shí)陳述,而不是間接的請求,而將男士的話語理解成一個(gè)建議而不是委婉的拒絕。如果將對話中隱含的部分加以補(bǔ)充,雙方的真實(shí)意圖就容易把握些。例如:
W: I need a car this weekend, but mine has broken down.(May I borrow yours?)
M: I'm sorry to hear it,(but you can't borrow mine.)You can always rent one if you have a license.由于禮貌相待是社會生活中起碼的準(zhǔn)則,因此為了避免冒昧、唐突,甚至盛氣凌人,人們通常總要回避這種直截了當(dāng)?shù)恼埱蠛途芙^。在近幾年的四級聽力對話測試中,這種談話雙方間接表達(dá)自己的真實(shí)意圖的測試題目逐漸增多。不少考生認(rèn)為自己聽懂了對話內(nèi)容,但卻沒有能選出正確答案。其主要原因之一就是他們對會話內(nèi)容的理解只停留在字面意思上,而沒能理解會話語言的話語意義,即說話人的真實(shí)意圖。因此通過各種途徑(如多聽多讀)來接觸英語會話顯得尤為必要。
******************* 常見口語表達(dá)方式 *******************
下面節(jié)選了聽力測試中常用的,并且在意義上容易弄錯(cuò)的一些短語、習(xí)語和慣用法等。供考生學(xué)習(xí)參考:
absence of mind 心不在焉;發(fā)呆 apply one's mind to 專心于(某事)as good as gold(小孩)很乖 as right as rain 非常健康、很好的 at sb's back 支持某人
at the top of the ladder/tree 名列前茅 babe in the woods 天真而缺憲法經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人 bear watching 有希望;有前途
beat aroundabout the bush 旁敲側(cè)擊;轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角 back out 食言;變卦
back up sb./sth.支持;援助(某人)beyone(all)question 毫無疑問:無可爭辨
bird in the bush 未到手的東西;未定局的事情 bird in the hand 已到手的東西;已定局的事情 blow hot and cold 搖擺不定;反復(fù)無常
booked up 沒空;有約會;(戲票等)已被預(yù)訂一空 burn the midnight oil 開夜車;工作到深夜
bury/hide/have/put oneself 不愿接受或正視現(xiàn)實(shí);采取鴕鳥政策 cannot help doing sth.不禁要(做某事)check in 登記;報(bào)到 check out 付帳后離開
check off/over/out sth.檢驗(yàn);復(fù)核
close/shut one's eye to 無視;對?置之不理 call it a day 今天就這樣算了;就干這里為止 come up with 趕上;提出
come off with flying colours 凱旋;太功告成 come about 發(fā)生
come to 總計(jì);蘇醒;復(fù)原
count for little/nothing 無足輕重;微不足道 count for much 非常重要;關(guān)系重大 count on/upon 依靠,指望
do sb.a favour 幫(某人)一個(gè)忙
do sb.'s heart good 上某人當(dāng);受某人欺騙 do the business 起作用;奏效;可以滿足要求 do sth up brown 把(某事)徹底做好 a dog's age 很久,長久
down on one's luck 倒霉;不走運(yùn) draw(a)blank 失敗;落空
draw the/a line 拒絕做某事;對某事有節(jié)制 draw one's time(被迫地)辭去工作 dying for 渴望,非常想 dying of ??得要死
eat one's heart out 憂傷過度
have other fish to fry 另外有事要做,別有要事 have the game in one's hand 穩(wěn)操勝券
keep/have/one's feet on the ground 講究實(shí)際 keep one's nose clean 安分守已
lay sth.at sb's door 把(責(zé)任等)推給(某人)lead sb.a dance 給(某人)帶來不少麻煩 leave that to sb.由某人決定
let the cat out of the bag 泄露秘密 lose one's heart to 愛上了;非常喜歡
make a point of doing sth.堅(jiān)持做某事;決心做某事 make believe 裝作;假裝 man of his word 守信用的人 man of iron 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人
man of the world 深通世敵的人,閱歷豐富的人 miss the boat/bus 錯(cuò)過機(jī)會;坐失良機(jī) move heaven and earth 竭盡全力;全力以赴 nine times out of ten 十有八九;通常;多半 not in the same street with 無法與?相比 not know sb.from Adam 不認(rèn)識某人
off the top of one's head 不加思索地;不清楚 on the top of the world 對一切都滿意 out of the question 不能考慮的,完全不可能的 out of the swim 不了解情況,不熟悉內(nèi)情 out of tune(with?)(與?)不一致,不協(xié)調(diào) out of lunch 注意力不集中;心不在焉 pay lip-service to 只說不做;唱高調(diào)
eat one's words 收回前言;認(rèn)錯(cuò)道歉(不是“食言”)face the lousic 毅然面對困難;勇于承擔(dān)后果 fall behind 落后;跟不上
fall on one's face 徹底失敗;慘敗 fall over each other 爭先恐后
far be it from me 我決不認(rèn)為;我決不想要 fill in/fill out/fill up 把(表格等)填好 fish in troubled waters 混水摸魚;趁火打動(dòng) for the time being 暫時(shí);眼下
get along 設(shè)法生活下去;相處;進(jìn)展;離開;上(年紀(jì))get into hot water 陷入困境
get off the ground 開始很順利;取得時(shí)展 give sb.a/the glad hand 熱烈歡迎(某人)give sth.a miss 避開(某物);略去(某物)give/ lend an ear to 傾聽;注意
give sb.the green light 允許(某人)做某事 go to bed with the chickens 很早就寢
good, bad and indifferent 好的、壞的和一般的 hand it to sb.贊揚(yáng)某人;承認(rèn)某人的長處 hand in the air 未決定;懸擱著
hardly/scarcely?when? ?剛?就;一?就 have an eye for 對?有眼力;對?有識別力 have/get cold feet 害怕起琿;膽怯起來
have one's heart in the right place 好心好意 too clever by half(諷刺用)過分聰明
cannot see the wood for the trees 見樹不見林 under lock and key 妥善保管 up the pole 處于困境;進(jìn)退兩難 up the wall 十分煩燥;非常惱火 wash one's handds 不管;不過問
wet behind the ears 乳臭未干的;不成熟的 what's what 具體情況;直相 while away 混時(shí)間;浪費(fèi)時(shí)間
with open arms 熱烈地、親切地(表示歡迎)write home about 大書特書
penny wise and pound foolish 小處精明,大處糊涂(浪費(fèi))play one't best card 使出絕招 polish the apple 逢迎;拍馬 pocket one't dignity 放下架子 pull out all the stops 全力以赴;千主百計(jì)
put all one's eggs in one basket 孤注一擲;寄希望于某人(某事)put one's back into sht.盡最大努力去做(某事)put one's foot in one's mouth 說錯(cuò)話;做錯(cuò)事
put one's hand in one's pocket 準(zhǔn)備花錢;準(zhǔn)備解囊捐款 put sb.on his honour 信任某人
ring a bell 使想起(某事);聽起來覺得耳熟 sleep like a log/top 睡得很熟;酣睡 song and dance 枯燥元味的廢話
sweep sth.under the carpet 隱瞞某事不讓別人知道 take a short-cut 走捷徑 take French leave 不告而別
take his words with a grain of salt 不全信某人的話 think on one's feet 思想敏捷;反應(yīng)快
throw away/out the baby with the bathwater 棄沙拋金 throw cold water on 對?潑冷水;不贊成 throw up one's hand 放棄努力;認(rèn)輸
turn/give the cold shoulder on/to sb.疏遠(yuǎn)某人;冷淡某人
************************************* 顯示對話發(fā)生地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系的信號詞 *************************************
Airport:arrival/departure time, booking office, ticket agent, take off, board, land, flight, airways, airlines, flight number, by air Library:borrow, lend, latest issue, card, catalogue, call number, due, over due,fine, novel, renew, fiction, magazine, bookshelf Hotel:teception, receptionist, vacant beds, single room, double room, book a room, bath, lavatory, occupy a room, full, front desk, porter, tip, room key, roomnumber, suit Meeting:for, against, proposal, report, speech, suggest, disagree, agree, decide, point out, argue, chairman, conclusion Post office:mail, post, postage, stamp, parcel, telegram, urgent cable, airmail,registered letter, money order, ordinary mail, oversea mail Restaurant: reservation, bar, order, soft drink, dessert, salad, soup, menu, bread, potato, tomato, toast beef, meat, mutton, chicken, fry, pic, cake, I'm full,bill, waiter, waitress, go Dutch Store:size, color, style, price, cost, cheap, What can I do for you? How much does it cost? Fashion, expensive, counter, department, check out, brand, fresh, cash, pay, shop girl, assistant, counter, fashion School:department, Bachelor's degree, Master's degree, Doctor's degree, campus, lecture, dormitory, semester, term, playground, dining-hall, swimming pool, course, foreign language, gym, midterm exam, final exam, clinic, professor, assistant, lecturer, lab, test, required courses, elective courses, credit
Bank:draw on one's account, pay interest on..., open account, interest rate, fixed deposit, current account, bank clerk Barber's: haircut, hairstyle, hairdresser, shave, moustache, beard, spray, shampoo The Customs House:pay duty on..., duty free, free of charge, fill in the form
Dance:disco, dance with, have a ball, party, May I have the pleasure of next dance? Hospital:pain, cough, fever, vomit, headache, stomachache, temperature, heart, lung, blood-pressure, take medicine, pills, tablets, insomnia, indigestion, physician, surgeon, wards, operating room, pharmacy *********************
三、基本的聽力技能
*********************
在理解有聲語言的過程中,學(xué)生除了依靠所掌握的語言知識和文化背景知識之外,還必須求助于必要的聽力技能,例如要善于捕捉重要信息、進(jìn)行正確推理、通過綜合歸納抓住講話的中心思想等。
在聽力測試放音之前,考生實(shí)際上就應(yīng)該開始進(jìn)入做題狀態(tài)。這時(shí)考生應(yīng)該利用題目來播放之前及題目與題目之間的有限空隙時(shí)間,以試卷上所給的選項(xiàng)和文字為基礎(chǔ),在聽的過程中對可題提出的問題或可能出的信息做出預(yù)測性判斷。這樣有助于大腦快速綜合組織起有意識的思維,做到有的放矢。
參見:如何運(yùn)用預(yù)測技巧 1.捕捉重要信息
這是聽力理解的首要任務(wù),遺漏了重要信息就不可能聽清講話的基本含義。要辯認(rèn)重要信息又必須聚精會神聽清每一句話的主要意思,同時(shí)要邊聽邊思考,切忌主次不分,顧此失彼。有時(shí)重要信息出現(xiàn)在段首或段未。聽者往往受故事情節(jié)的干擾而忽略了帶關(guān)鍵性的第一句或最后一句。如4GSH2卷中有一段短文,一開媽就表明一家人尚未決定今夏去何處度假,接著詳述了前一年去黃石公園看熊的不同尋常的經(jīng)歷。當(dāng)問到“他們今年將去何處度假”時(shí),大部分考生的回答是“去黃石公園看熊”。顯然忽略了短文的第一句。又如同一試卷中另一段短文,大意是某人去舊金山找Jordan先生談生意。結(jié)果由于種種原因,幾經(jīng)周折仍未找到。但最后他還是表示在舊金山的觀光旅游確實(shí)是件東事,深感不虛此行。當(dāng)問到“他對舊金山之行感覺如何”時(shí),結(jié)果有30%的考生未能答對,其中一部分答了“大失所望”,而正確答案應(yīng)是:“雖然生意沒有談成,但他在舊金山玩得很開心。”聽力理解的一項(xiàng)重要能力是要跟上說話人思維的展開,理解話語中的前因后果,不能只注意片言只語,這種能力在聽力訓(xùn)練中要著重培養(yǎng)。
另外,還可以利用轉(zhuǎn)折信號詞獲取重要信息在實(shí)際,人們除了通過語調(diào)變化以及重讀某些詞或短語來引起聽者注意外,還經(jīng)常利用信號詞為聽者把握講話者的思路、觀點(diǎn)。在四級聽力考試中,利用轉(zhuǎn)折信號詞來設(shè)計(jì)題目的現(xiàn)象十分普遍。通常一方提出話題,另一方說“Yes”或“I'd like/love to?”,表示肯定的意思或贊同對方的觀點(diǎn),但緊接著又說到“but?”或“however,?”等來表明自己的真實(shí)想法,而后者往往是選擇答案的關(guān)鍵,測試題也多圍繞著后半部分來設(shè)計(jì)。這類轉(zhuǎn)折信號詞或短語常見的有:but,however, otherwise, although, on the contrary等。******************* 如何運(yùn)用預(yù)測技巧
*******************
對Section A中題目的預(yù)測,實(shí)際上是在錄音播放之前,根據(jù)每道題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)對第三個(gè)說話者可能提出的問題進(jìn)行的預(yù)測。
1.預(yù)測地點(diǎn)或場所
當(dāng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)無數(shù)為表示地點(diǎn)或場所的介詞短語時(shí),對話中第三個(gè)說話者提出的問題肯定是問地點(diǎn)或場所的。這類對話中一般不直接給出地點(diǎn),而是用最能反映或代表該地點(diǎn)的一個(gè)或數(shù)個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞來予以暗示。
例(CET-4)2001年 6月)
W: Oh, dear, I'm starving, I can't walk any further.M: Let's go to the restaurant across the street and get something to eat.Q: Where are the two people?
A)At home.B)In a restaurant.C)In a car.D)On the street.對話中的can't walk any further等詞暗示了他們既不可能在家里或在車?yán)铮膊豢赡茉诓宛^里,選項(xiàng)D)On the street.才是他們所處的場所。2.預(yù)測時(shí)間
當(dāng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為表示時(shí)間的詞時(shí),提問肯定與時(shí)間有關(guān)。答案往往是以對話中提到的第一個(gè)時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn),加上或減去后面提到的一個(gè)變動(dòng)的時(shí)間然后得出的時(shí)間。但當(dāng)對話中提到多個(gè)時(shí)間時(shí)應(yīng)另當(dāng)別論。
M: I wonder if Sue will be here by 5 o'clock.W: Her husband said she left home at half past four.She should be here at ten after five, and q quarter past five at the latest.Q: What time did Sue leave home?
A)5:15 B)5:10 C)4:30 D)5:00
詞題目中出現(xiàn)多個(gè)時(shí)間,聽的時(shí)候應(yīng)特別留意與各個(gè)時(shí)間有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞。本題的關(guān)鍵詞是left home,答案為C)4:30。
3.預(yù)測職業(yè)或身份
當(dāng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中均為表示職業(yè)或身份的名詞時(shí),提問肯定與職業(yè)或身份有關(guān)。聽的時(shí)候,首先將注意力放在第一個(gè)說話者講話中的關(guān)鍵詞上,然后用第二個(gè)說話者的講話加以補(bǔ)充和證實(shí),答案也就迎刃而解了。
例(CET-4 1997年6月)
M: How about the food I ordered? I've been waiting for twenty minutes already.W: Very sorry, sir.I'll be back with your order in a minute.Q: What's the woman's job? A)A shop assistant.B)A telephone operator.C)A waitress.D)A clerk.聽本題時(shí),要注意捕捉關(guān)鍵詞the fod I ordered, 也就不難確定C)A waitress.為答案了。
4.預(yù)測人物關(guān)系
當(dāng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)四種不同的人物關(guān)系時(shí),提問往往是要針對對話中的人物關(guān)系來進(jìn)行。這時(shí),應(yīng)把注意力放在關(guān)鍵詞上,并且也要注意第二個(gè)說話者的講話內(nèi)容。
例:(CET-4 1997年1月)M: I've just brought your ladder back.Thanks for lending it to me.Where shall I leave it? W: Just leave it against the wall there.Use the ladder again any time.Q: What's the probable relationship between these two speakers?
A)Relatives.B)Roommates.C)Colleagues.D)Neighbours.該試題難度較大,ladder和 lending是關(guān)鍵詞,但也不容忽視第二個(gè)說話者的最后一句話。依據(jù)常理,借還梯子之類的事情通常應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)生在鄰里之間,故答案為D)Neighbours.5.預(yù)測行為或活動(dòng)
當(dāng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都以動(dòng)詞開頭時(shí),往往可以預(yù)測提問將圍繞“做什么”而進(jìn)行,聽的時(shí)候要特別注意對話中的動(dòng)詞或與動(dòng)作有關(guān)的詞。
例:(CET-4 1999年6月)
W: If I buy some plants for the bouse, will you water them for me while I am away? M: Sure, I will, if you water mine while I'm on vocation.Q: What will the man do for the woman?
A)Clean her house while she is away.B)Buy her some plants and take care of them.C)Water her plants while she is away.D)Water her plants when he is not at work.本題的關(guān)鍵詞是動(dòng)詞water,問題又是圍繞著男士是否愿意為女士water her plants而進(jìn)行的,故選項(xiàng)C)Water her plants while she is away.為正確答案。
例:(CET-4 1998年1月)
M: It's such a beautiful day.Why not sit out in the backyard for a while and enjoy it? W: I'd love to.But there's a lot of laundry to do.Q: What will the woman probably do? A)Do her homework.B)Clean the backyard.C)Wash clothes.D)Enjoy the beautiful day
本題的關(guān)鍵詞是laundry, 雖然laundry為名詞,但在對話中卻明示了那位女士要做的事情,因此選C)Wash clothes.為正確答案。6.預(yù)測話題
當(dāng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容各不相干時(shí),一般可以預(yù)測提問將圍繞其中的一個(gè)選項(xiàng)來展開話題,問題通常是What are they talking about/complaining about?等。這時(shí)首先要特別留意四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞,然后的時(shí)候努力去抓取與選項(xiàng)有關(guān)聯(lián)的詞語或內(nèi)容。
例:(CET-4 1998年6月)
M: It's so hot today.I simply can't work.I wish therewere a fanin this room.W: So do I.I'll fall asleep if I stay here any longer.Q: What are they complaining about? A)The size of the room.B)Long working hours.C)The hot weather.D)The fan in the room.本題的第一句話 it's so hot today.非常關(guān)鍵,由此可以預(yù)測話題與氣候有關(guān),繼續(xù)聽下文,使可斷定他們在抱怨的是炎熱的天氣,故選項(xiàng)C)The hot weather.為正確答案。
除了對 Section A 中對話可以進(jìn)行預(yù)測以外,對Section B中的短文也可以在聽力測試過程中進(jìn)行預(yù)測。
7.預(yù)測主題
任何一篇短文都會有一個(gè)主題。在聽到錄音之前,可根據(jù)每篇短文的三到四組選項(xiàng),對短文的主題進(jìn)行初步預(yù)測,因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞往往可能暗示出短文的主題。此外,英美人說話喜歡直截了當(dāng)、開門見山,故起始句往往可能是整篇短文的主題句。請看下到 三組選項(xiàng)(短文略):
例:(CET-4 1998年6月)
14.A)The number of students they take in is limited.B)They receive little or no support from public taxes.C)They are only open to children from rich families.D)They have to pay more taxes.15.A)Private schools admit more students.B)Private schools charge less than religious C)Private schools run a variety of programs.D)Private schools allow wtudents to enjoy more freedom.16.A)The churches.B)The program designers.C)The local authorities.D)The state government.根據(jù)這三組選項(xiàng)不難預(yù)測出,這是一篇以學(xué)校為主題的短文,因?yàn)樵谶x項(xiàng)中多次出現(xiàn)了schools, students等詞。這樣,聽的時(shí)候便有了一定的針對性,從而有助于有效地理解全文做出正確選擇。
8.預(yù)測問題
短文聽力測試往往是先聽短文,然后才出現(xiàn)問題。但在聽短文之前,可以根據(jù)選項(xiàng)所提供的信息,大致預(yù)測出后面將可牟提出什么樣的問題,并可用自己認(rèn)為最簡練、易懂的方式在每組選項(xiàng)的前面或后面做一些記號,如:who, what, when, where等,以便有助于在聽的過程中捕捉信息。請看下列四組選項(xiàng)(短文略):
例:(CET-4 2000年1月)
11.A)A car outside the supermarket.B)A car at the bottom of the hill.C)Paul's car D)The sports car.12.A)Inside the car.B)At the foot of the hill.C)In the garage.D)In the supermarket.13.A)The driver of the sports car.B)The two girls inside the car.C)The man standing nearby.D)The salesman from London.14.A)Nobody.B)The two girls.C)The bus driver.D)Paul.在以上四組選項(xiàng)中,預(yù)測難度最大的是第11組,盡管針對各個(gè)選項(xiàng)可能出現(xiàn)不同的預(yù)測,但Which car??或what??可能才是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均可適用的提問方式?第12組的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語,由此可預(yù)測出該題目將用Where??提問。第13組與第14組的選項(xiàng)均為表示與人有關(guān)的名詞或代詞,故可預(yù)測針對這兩組題目將用Who...?提問。通過這樣的預(yù)測,在聽的過程中就可以有所側(cè)重、有的放矢。
以上只是對聽力測試中常用的預(yù)測技巧進(jìn)行了簡單地分析與歸納,希望對廣大考生有所啟示或幫助。但要指出的是,預(yù)測僅僅只是聽力測試中的一項(xiàng)技巧而已,它并非萬能,在實(shí)際測試中,還有許多題目是不易或不可預(yù)測的,而堅(jiān)實(shí)的語言基礎(chǔ),豐富的語言文化背景知識,以及通過基本功的綜合訓(xùn)練所獲得的必要的聽力技能,才是保證聽力測試取得成功的根本途徑。
2.作出正確判斷
1)推測言外之意
在對話中說話人常常出于某種考慮不直接表示是或否,而用迂回的方式間接回答,聽話人則必須從間接回答中迅速領(lǐng)悟說話的人的確切含意,如上文提到過的這個(gè)例子:
W: I need a car this weekend, but mine has broken down.M: I'm sorry to hear it, but you can always rent one if you have a licence.Q: What does the man mean?
A)She can use his car.B)She can borrow someone else's car.C)She must get her car fixed.D)She can't borrow his car.本題答案為選項(xiàng)D。本題具有一定的難度,只有不到1/3成績最好的考生答對本題,題中有兩處是關(guān)鍵所在:首先,rent表示“出租”或“租用”,而borrow則表示“借用”,將近半數(shù)的考生不能區(qū)別這兩個(gè)詞的含義,因而誤選了B項(xiàng);其次?but you can always rent one if you have a licence在這里實(shí)際上是用迂回的方式拒絕借車,部分考生沒有聽懂這句話的言外之意,缺少這方面的訓(xùn)練,因此誤選了A項(xiàng)或C項(xiàng)。
2)正確理解委婉的表達(dá)方法
例如:
I hope these apples are as good as they look.其言外之意是“恐怕這些蘋果不如它們看上去那么好吧”。這是對事物表示疑慮時(shí)的一種委婉的說法。正確理解各種委婉的表達(dá)方法也是一項(xiàng)重要的聽力技能。參見:聽力中常見比較句題型聽力中具有否定意義的結(jié)構(gòu)
3.歸綱總結(jié)、抓住中心思想
試看一組對話:
W: Did you want a day course or an evening course? M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.當(dāng)問到“他們在談什么時(shí)”,有1/4的考生未能答對,他們分別誤選了 a day course和an evening course。說明這些考生只抓住了一鱗半斤爪,而未能把對話的內(nèi)容歸納為 the choice of courses(選課)。
綜合歸納是一項(xiàng)很有用的聽力技能,但不容易掌握,必須經(jīng)過反復(fù)訓(xùn)練才能見效。
4.根據(jù)不同題型特點(diǎn),有針對性的練習(xí)。
參見:1.如何準(zhǔn)備數(shù)字計(jì)算題
2.如何準(zhǔn)備對話地點(diǎn)及人物關(guān)系題 3.如何準(zhǔn)備復(fù)合式聽寫 4.有關(guān)短文部分的聽力技巧 ******************** 如何準(zhǔn)備數(shù)字計(jì)算題 ********************
在歷年四級統(tǒng)考的聽力理解中,數(shù)字計(jì)算類題型每次都占有一定比例,一般為三題左右,這類題大多數(shù)是有關(guān)時(shí)間(年、月、日、時(shí))、年齡、價(jià)格、倍數(shù)、路程或距離、房號、街道或樓層編號及電話號碼等。因此,考生在做這類題時(shí),應(yīng)掌握以下解題技巧:
1.首先要聽懂?dāng)?shù)詞。尤其要分辨清十幾與幾十(重音區(qū)別),基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞,分?jǐn)?shù)與小數(shù)的讀法。
2.聽到數(shù)字時(shí)要盡可能快地在心里重復(fù),并用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字寫下來,以便記準(zhǔn)這些數(shù)字。
3.從所給的選項(xiàng)中預(yù)測主要信息。如: A)Fifteen.B)Twenty-nine C)Sixeteen.D)Sixty.從本題的選項(xiàng)來看,C)與D)都是以six為詞根的近音詞,因此答案有可能從C)、D)中選
擇,故six后的音應(yīng)為注意的重點(diǎn)。錄音稿為:
M: How many students will take the exam? W: Sixty have registered.We'll have sixteen from Asia, fifteen from Latin America and twenty-nine from Europe.Q: How many students does the woman will take the exam?(答案為D,分析基本正確)
4.對于聽需通過運(yùn)算才能得出答案的題目,首先要做簡單的筆記,其次要注意表示數(shù)字間關(guān)系的詞。如表示快慢(fast, slow),前后(before, after),多少(more, less),遲早(late, early),以及一些表示倍數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)等意義的詞,如half, double, twice, quarter, couple, pair, per cent, one third/fourth, dozen, century, fortnight,decade, discount, by the hour/day等。此外,英語中還有一些特殊的量詞表示法:如one in ten(1/10), one in nine(1/9),nine out of the(9/10),four feet by eight(長八英尺寬四英尺)等也須注意。
英語中還有一些數(shù)字的代用詞,其實(shí)也在傳達(dá)數(shù)字信息,如:half hour(半小時(shí)),quarter(一刻鐘,四分之一,季度),a dozen(一打,十二個(gè)),score(二十),monthly(一月一次),daily(一日一次),weekly(每周一次),decade(十年),century(世紀(jì),百年),millenium(千年)等。
英中常用的暗示運(yùn)算的詞有:more, less, fast, slow, late, early, before, after, half, twice, three times, double, triple, quarter, one third, pair等。
5.考生要掌握好各種形式的數(shù)字讀法,以便有意識地進(jìn)行4至5位數(shù)字聽力的反應(yīng)練習(xí),從而達(dá)到敏捷準(zhǔn)確地獲取數(shù)與量的信息。
6.考生應(yīng)掌握常考的計(jì)算內(nèi)容,把握主要信息及規(guī)律,以達(dá)到準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算的目的。如購物和買票。購物一般有折價(jià),還需注意買單價(jià)和雙份價(jià)格的差異;買票時(shí)一般兒童為半價(jià),學(xué)生有時(shí)也是。經(jīng)常提問成人票價(jià)+孩子票價(jià)的總和,所以要注意提出的問題,避免近音詞的干擾。
******************************** 如何準(zhǔn)備對話地點(diǎn)及人物關(guān)系題(一)********************************
在英語四級聽力測試中,經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)對特定的場所、人物的關(guān)系、身份或職業(yè)進(jìn)行提問的題目,我們把它們歸納為場所關(guān)系類(Place & Relationship)題型。常見的提問形式有: 1.Where is the conversation most probably taking place? 2.Where is the man/woman probably going? 3.What most probably is the man? 4.What is the probable relationship between the speakers? 5.Who is the man/woman? 另外,職業(yè)身份題的提問一般是: 1.What's the man(woman)? 2.Who's the man(woman)? 3.What does the man(woman)do? 4.What's the man's(woman's)job? 要做好這類考題,首先要養(yǎng)成預(yù)期(prediction)的習(xí)慣。這類考題有一個(gè)很明顯的共同點(diǎn),即看過幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)后,很容易判斷出將要提出的問題。這樣,可以做到心中有數(shù),以便集中精力注意重要信息。這是平時(shí)訓(xùn)練中要充分重視的技能。
其次,要提高判斷能力。我們在上面列出的五個(gè)問題句中,四個(gè)問句里有“probable”或“probably”。也就是說,要根據(jù)提供的信息進(jìn)行合理的推斷。要做到判斷正確,關(guān)鍵詞必須抓住。如對話中出“cash the check”“open an account” 等,就很可能是銀行里的揚(yáng)景。如出現(xiàn)“menu”“table”“order” 之類的詞,也許就是飯館的場景。另外,要做到判斷正確,還必須積累一定的文化背景知識。如1993年6月國家四級英語考試中有這樣一題:
M: Please buy two packs of cigarettes for me while you are at the store.W: I am not going to any store.I'm going to see Aunt Mary, but I will get them for you at the gas station.Q: Where will the woman stop on her way?
A)At a cigarette store.B)At a bus station.C)At a gas station.D)At Aunt Mary's.本題答案為選項(xiàng)C。有許多同學(xué)選錯(cuò)了,是因?yàn)闆]弄清Aunt Mary's 是女士的目的地,而不是中途停車之外。當(dāng)然,也與不太清楚gas station(加油站)在美國也兼賣一些日用雜貨有關(guān)。
******************** 地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系(二)********************
對于這種考查地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系,職業(yè)身份的題,考生可以通過抓關(guān)鍵的特征詞來判斷。四級聽力中常見的人物關(guān)系及其常用特征用語和詞組有: Teacher and student(老師與學(xué)生)
examination, midterm, exam, test, quiz, homework, assignment, pass, arts courses, engineering courses, school campus, teachin building, teacher's office Librarian and student(圖書館工作人員與學(xué)生)
borrow, return, renew, on time, magazine, reference book, author, writer, shelves, check out, loan desk, library/card, cash or charge? Are you done? Shop-assistant and customer(店員與顧客)
Can I help you? but, sell, expensive, cheap, department, store, Lady's department, coat, shoes, hat, jacket, sweater, sale price, on sale, price, cut down, discount, cashier, auction, high-heeled shoes underwears, leather, plastic fabric, silk, jeans, pajama(睡衣)
Doctor and patient(醫(yī)生和病人)
What's the matter with you? a sore throat headache, flu, fever, what's your trouble, take one's temperature, give sb.an injection, take medicine, surgery Waiter(Waitress)and customer(侍者與顧客)
Anything to drink? What kind of wine do you want? Is that all? Finished? Anything else? order, menu, brandy, whisky, check, dessert, sandwiches 另外,考生還可以通過對話人的語氣、口吻來推測二者的關(guān)系,如:
W: This is the third time you've been late this week Robert, you'll have to do better than that, or I might find it necessary to let you go.M: It won't happen again, I assure you.Q: Who spoke to Robert?
A)His advisor B)His teacher C)His partner D)His boss
從說話人的態(tài)度和口氣來看,帶有較明顯的威脅的口氣,肯定不會是地位同級別的人之間的對話。由let you go可知,這顯然是一位老板警告員工別再遲到,否則會炒他魷魚。因此,選擇D。
對話是在特定場合下的人的行為。場合不同,人們的語言有所差異;人們的身份不同職業(yè)不同、關(guān)系親疏不同,說出的話也不同。因此,我們可以根據(jù)人們的語言推斷其身份、職業(yè)、關(guān)系對話的特定場合。堅(jiān)持聽力訓(xùn)練,不斷積累語言知識和文化背景知識,這類考題是不難應(yīng)付的。
參考:顯示對話發(fā)生地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系的信號詞
******************** 如何準(zhǔn)備復(fù)合式聽寫 ********************
Compound Dictation.這一部分的復(fù)雜性和難度體現(xiàn)在Compound上,它要求考生耳、眼、手并用,以詞匯的基本功來構(gòu)筑起完美的語段。
1、強(qiáng)化單詞辨音及拼寫能力
單詞聽寫部分主要是測試考生的辨音能力和拼寫能力。因此,平時(shí)在準(zhǔn)備四、六級詞匯考試時(shí),一定要掌握單詞的讀音和正確拼寫。另外,單詞重音也很重要,重音沒有讀對,就會產(chǎn)生某個(gè)單詞見了認(rèn)識,自己讀時(shí)也知道,在考題中聽到時(shí)既感到似曾相識又茫然的現(xiàn)象。例如:
content n.內(nèi)容
content adj.甘愿的,滿意的;
permit n.許可,執(zhí)照,營業(yè)證
permit vt.許可,允許。
再如:
high adj.高的,其名詞形式為height [heit],那么在考試時(shí)聽到這個(gè)詞準(zhǔn)會茫然。
2、存儲信息,聽寫結(jié)合
聽寫要點(diǎn)部分要求考生在聽寫一個(gè)段落后寫出空格部分的要點(diǎn)。這一部分要比聽完一個(gè)段落后做選擇題部分難度大得多,也是考生們失分較多的部分發(fā)。作者認(rèn)為,平時(shí)在聽力訓(xùn)練過程中,應(yīng)養(yǎng)成記筆記(note-kaking)的好習(xí)慣。具體方法如下:①抓主題句。抓主題句類似于精讀課堂上老師分析文章篇章結(jié)構(gòu)一樣找到主題句(Topic Sentence),以統(tǒng)率全篇。
聽的過程也是一樣,聽出并迅速記下主題句,即捕捉主要信息,不必拘泥于某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)的理解。一般而言,主題句常出現(xiàn)在段首或段尾,當(dāng)然個(gè)別的時(shí)候也有可能在段落的中間。②捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。關(guān)鍵詞(Key Words)的記錄也相當(dāng)重要,它直接關(guān)系到列舉要點(diǎn),有利于問題的解答。記下關(guān)鍵詞,回頭做題時(shí)才有據(jù)可依,達(dá)到以一詞得全句的效果。這個(gè)功夫可下在平時(shí),平時(shí)復(fù)述課文可用這種方法。一個(gè)個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞語組成一個(gè)個(gè)句子,從而可以復(fù)述全文。③學(xué)會速記技巧。和漢語速記一樣,做英語筆記時(shí)同樣需要速記技巧,盡量用符號來代替字母的拼寫。如:〉(more than);>(less than);+(add/and/plus);-(minus/take away);×(multiplied by/times by)÷(divided by);=(is equal to/equals);%(percent);0(degree);′(minute);″(second)。又如時(shí)間、長度、面積、體積、地名等也可用縮寫來記錄,如:hr(hour);km(kilometer);kg(kilogram);l(litre);sq.m(square meter);NY(New York)。其他一些國際機(jī)構(gòu)、組織名稱同樣可用縮寫詞來代替,例如:UN(the U-nited Nations);NATO(the North Atlantic Treaty Organization)等等。這些速記技巧在聽新聞時(shí)顯得尤為重要。
3、巧用試卷,合理預(yù)測
與其它聽力測試題型不同,復(fù)合式聽寫的一部分內(nèi)容已經(jīng)印制在試卷上,考生應(yīng)充分利用考試時(shí)間的間隙迅速瀏覽一下卷面,通過捕捉卷面文字信息,找出線索,如文章的主題句等。預(yù)測短文大意等,這樣在聽時(shí)就會更有針對性,對聽懂全文至關(guān)重要。
首先,考生可以讀出文章的大意,然后按照語篇的行文能夠?qū)⒄Z段的寫作色彩做出比較好的判斷。做了這些準(zhǔn)備工作,就算完成了一半。大凡空白處都設(shè)計(jì)在表示狀態(tài)的形容詞以及連接詞之外,只要你已經(jīng)具備了詞匯的基本功和上述的準(zhǔn)備工作,那么填寫單詞一定沒有問題;填寫長句子的時(shí)候重點(diǎn)要放在聽大意上,不要因?yàn)橐恍┲谎云Z而耽誤了對大意的把握。這是由試題的要求決定的,即寫出要點(diǎn)即可,而不強(qiáng)求照搬原句。需要注意的是整個(gè)聽音的過程都要精力集中。
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四、正確有效的聽音習(xí)慣 ************************
正確有效的聽音習(xí)慣也是提高聽力理解的保證。例如:
1.全神貫注,積極思考
有些同學(xué)在平時(shí)練聽力的時(shí)候,總是在學(xué)習(xí)累了,或準(zhǔn)備睡覺的時(shí)候聽英語,結(jié)果養(yǎng)成了聽英語時(shí)注意力無法集中的毛病。練習(xí)聽力務(wù)必選擇頭腦清醒,興奮的時(shí)候,集中精力練習(xí)二、三十分鐘即可。每天堅(jiān)持這樣做,可以達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。
2.邊聽邊記下要點(diǎn)
3.加強(qiáng)短時(shí)記憶(short term memory)能力 4.養(yǎng)成預(yù)期(prediction)的習(xí)慣。
所謂預(yù)期能力是指在聽的過程中對可能出現(xiàn)的信息要有所期待。如果新出現(xiàn)的信息與預(yù)期信息截然相反,又要善于迅速調(diào)整,不斷修正已作出的判斷。這種能力是重要的聽力技能之一,在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練中要充分重視。
另外,大家可以在平時(shí)嘗試通過朗讀來提高聽力水平。“朗讀”是最好的老師。初學(xué)英語時(shí),大家都經(jīng)歷過朗讀課文而不是默讀。現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語時(shí),由于基本的音標(biāo)知道得差不多一般就不講究朗讀了,只是默讀。因?yàn)樵谀x時(shí)便于更加容易地接受信息,即所謂的知識點(diǎn)。自然而然地,優(yōu)勢器官就變成了眼睛。這樣造成的明顯后果就是:讀單詞,音不準(zhǔn);讀長句子時(shí)總感到口腔遲鈍。原因就是,不朗讀就不能鍛煉口腔肌肉,不朗讀就不可能辨別、體會出每一個(gè)音素的正確發(fā)音,就更談不上什么連讀、爆破音了。
與學(xué)習(xí)漢語時(shí)進(jìn)行對照,聽英語的過程實(shí)際上可以近似地理解為你自己在實(shí)際朗讀。如果你在朗讀英語時(shí)語音基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn),你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)你在聽英語的時(shí)候,總有些讀法和你讀的比較相似。如果你朗讀時(shí)的英語很地道,就會覺得有些東西與錄音中的東西相當(dāng)吻合。可是因?yàn)槟愕摹奥犃Α庇悬c(diǎn)“差”,所以你聽不懂那些音節(jié)連綴起來是什么意思。這時(shí),問題就不是聽而是怎樣進(jìn)行高速的英漢互譯。如果你平時(shí)“聽”英語的時(shí)間很少,那么你進(jìn)行這種英漢互譯的訓(xùn)練就很少,達(dá)不到條件反射的目的,你也就顯得“聽力”很弱了。所以在背單詞時(shí),希望大家讀出聲來記憶詞音而不單純記憶詞型的原因也就在于這里。短期內(nèi)如果要提高聽力水平可以參考下述步驟。首先,找一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的聽力試題,用盡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的語音、語速朗讀 Tape Script,希望讀得很熟。然后在不對照原文的情況下聽磁帶。這時(shí),你一定會有種“似曾相識燕歸來”的感覺。借助著這種方法可以提高聽覺器官對英語的敏感度。然后再去聽另一套試題,你會聽到一些即熟悉又陌生的東西。接下來,就要靠你自己不斷地總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)了。因?yàn)檎Z音這個(gè)東西是個(gè)感覺,是未必可以用語言來描述的。只有實(shí)實(shí)在在地將這種對語音的感知固化在頭腦中,你聽英語的能力才會真正有所提高。
平時(shí)的練習(xí)是打基礎(chǔ),要在四級聽力測試中取得令人滿意的成績,考試時(shí)的臨場發(fā)揮也相當(dāng)重要。考生要學(xué)會精神放松,把考試只當(dāng)你一次平時(shí)練習(xí),在自己的考場坐位上做幾次深呼吸,看看考場四周,熟悉熟悉環(huán)境,這樣可以有助于緩解緊張情緒,全神貫注于聽的內(nèi)容。正式開始做題之后,要嚴(yán)格控制答題時(shí)間,根據(jù)自己聽懂的內(nèi)容,盡快確定并標(biāo)出答案。倘若遇到?jīng)]聽懂的地方,不要理會它,以免影響做下一題,盡量余下幾秒再次瀏覽下一題的選項(xiàng)。通過再次瀏覽,考生基本上可以預(yù)測出所提問題的大致方向,從而可使自己在聽力測試中處于主動(dòng)地位。當(dāng)做上一題余下的幾秒鐘內(nèi)看不完下一題的書面選擇項(xiàng)時(shí),則應(yīng)把注意力放在聽上,而不要為了看而耽誤了聽錄音的內(nèi)容,否則會造成題與題之間相互影響的惡生循環(huán)。
總之,要對自己有信心,相信自己的能力,堅(jiān)信只要專心致志,只要盡了最大努力,就一定能發(fā)揮出自己的實(shí)際水
第四篇:口語表達(dá)技巧總結(jié)
口語表達(dá)技巧總結(jié):
考試簡介:11min
3個(gè)變題季(1月、5月、9月)
30%(Part 1 30 topics Part 2 50)
評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):流利、詞匯、語法、發(fā)音 題型分類:
22應(yīng)答題Do you like …(比喻、夸張、反問、虛擬語氣)48列舉題What kinds of …
考習(xí)慣 What do you like to do for relaxation? 考愛好 What kinds of films/music/books do you like 考功能 What are the benefits of traveling?(weekends/evening/with friends)
Go for a spin/take a shot/cupping therapy 時(shí)間邏輯usually/sometimes, especially when/currently 對比邏輯Honestly, I have no interests about…
What I like the most is…
總分邏輯Off top of my head 并列邏輯 For the first of all/in addition/what’s more/
More importantly
19對比題:Do you prefer A or B 單邊喜歡A不喜歡B 雙邊喜歡A 有條件喜歡B
10分析題:Do you think … is very important?
Do you think art is very important? 列舉: 四項(xiàng)舉證原則
社會現(xiàn)象:Nowadays, more and more people 媒體報(bào)道:it is often reported that… 數(shù)據(jù)研究: I heard a research the other day 個(gè)人經(jīng)歷:I had an experience 放大視角:個(gè)人、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、國家 Die out of over time working 時(shí)態(tài)題:What did you do last weekends? 精選題:Who is your favourite singer?
基礎(chǔ)知識準(zhǔn)備: 語法準(zhǔn)備 時(shí)態(tài)
將來進(jìn)行時(shí):will be doing
Do you have any plans for the future?
Hopefully, if everything goes smooth, I’ll be doing a master degree in UK
I’ll be thinking about becoming a designer.That’s where/what I’m good at 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):
Do you live in a house or apartment?
Currently, I’ve been living in a 3 bedroom apartment with my China, which is located in the centre of XXX
The major I’ve been studying electronic engineering automation
過去進(jìn)行時(shí):(我當(dāng)時(shí)在想)
I was thinking:“Wow, it’s so delicious.” 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 表達(dá)習(xí)慣經(jīng)歷
I’ve been to many exotic places, and I genuinely think travel broadens the mind.I’ve been interested in… 表達(dá)從未
I’ve never 表達(dá)贊美
This is the best ever music that I’ve ever listened in my life.被動(dòng)語態(tài):
表示驚訝:I was shocked/surprised/amazed 表示引述:I was told that an apple a day keeps the doctor
away.表示轉(zhuǎn)折:that being said 話雖說如此
My timetable is rather stuffed and fully occupied.We are not allowed to….獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
Because sport can keep me healthy, I like do sport.Sport keeping me healthy, I like do sports.If there is a chance, I’d like to travel around world.Chances being there, I’d like to travel around world 虛擬語氣
If the pigs were to fly up, I would …
If I had enough time/money, I would… 主語從句 I love you.That I love you is known by my wife.The thing I like to do is to go out eating
What I like to do is to go out eating.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
It is so surprising that she gave me a coat.It is recommended that
It is worth mentioning that….賓語從句
I think that I love you.I don’t know if you know about this.I don’t know if you agree with me.I think=it seems to me that….=it occurs to me that…
Can you imagine how I felt? 表語從句
That’s why I like.That’s how it comes across.That’s what I think.定語從句
It’s a place where I was born and up brought.Go back to where you come from.Go back to the place where you come from.方式狀語從句 as if
I think of snack as if it’s a poison to me.比較狀語從句
Nobody likes sport news more than I do.詞匯準(zhǔn)備
第五篇:英語自我介紹口語表達(dá)
1)我想我們以前沒有見過面,讓我來自我介紹一下。
I don't think we've met before.Let me introduce myself to you.2)我叫王林,在上海外教網(wǎng)工作。
My name is Wang Lin from Foreign Language Teaching Agency.3)布魯斯先生,我想請你認(rèn)識一下我的新朋友,裝卸公司的阿爾伯特先生。
Mr.Bruce, I'd like you to meet one of my new acquaintance, Mr.Albert from the Stevedoring Company.4)很高興認(rèn)識你。
Nice to meet you.5)認(rèn)真你是我莫大的榮幸。
It's my great pleasure to know you.6)不用介紹了,我們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識了。
No introduction is necessary, we already know each other.7)你怎么認(rèn)識他的?
How did you know him?
8)我們是偶然在飛機(jī)上相互認(rèn)識的。
We got to know each other on the airplane by accident.9)請你給我引見一下中國館的負(fù)責(zé)人好嗎?
Will you be so kind as to present me to the head of China Pavilion?
10)我是否有此榮幸認(rèn)識一下你們的港務(wù)局局長嗎?
May I have the honour of getting acquainted with your harbour master?
11)我一直很想認(rèn)識您,可是沒有想到今天在這里認(rèn)識您。
I've been eager to know you, but I didn't expect to meet you here today.12)我知道你,但一直沒有榮幸認(rèn)識你。
I know of you, but I haven't had the pleasure of meeting you.13)你的同事一直給我講有關(guān)你的事,但我沒想到那么快而且在這個(gè)場合認(rèn)識你。Your colleagues have been telling me about you, but I didn't dream of meeting you so soon and on this occasion.14)我剛才把你錯(cuò)當(dāng)作海關(guān)的摩根先生了。請問尊姓大名?
I took you for Mr Morgan from the Customs just now.May I know your name?
15)這是我妻子露茜。
This is my wife Lucy.16)如果我沒有記錯(cuò)的話,您是卡爾先生的兄弟。
If I am not mistaken, you are Mr.Karl's brother.17)原來你是大衛(wèi)先生的公子,怪不得長得那么象他。
It turns out that you are Mr.David's son.No wonder you are the very image of him.18)既然我們今天相識了希望今后互相贈進(jìn)了解。
Now that we know each other today, I hope we'll get to know each other better in the future.19)我肯定我們能指望得到您更多的指導(dǎo)和幫助。
I'm sure we could count on you for more advice and help.● 開場白
1.It's a pleasure for me to be here in front of you to present myself.2.I'm happy to be here today to introduce myself.3.I welcome the opportunity to introduce myself to you.開場白中不但應(yīng)表示你樂于參加此次的面談,而且也該說明自己接下來要談的主題,讓別人有些心理準(zhǔn)備。“It's a pleasure...”這個(gè)句型適用于正式場合,語氣十分客氣。
● 介紹學(xué)歷
1.My background and work experience are tailor-made for this position.2.With my background and work experience, I feel perfectly suited for this position.3.My education and work experience have prepared me well for this position.自我介紹時(shí)不應(yīng)該過分謙虛,對于自己適合、并且喜歡做的工作就要強(qiáng)調(diào)、努力爭取,表示自己是最佳人選。關(guān)鍵詞是:“tailor-made”、“feel perfectly suited for”與“have prepared me well for”。
● 證明能勝任
1.This is just one example of my ability to go out there and sell products.2.This just proves that I can go out there and sell products.3.This gives you an idea of how I can go out there and sell products.不能過于謙虛,但也不可空口說白話。通常要用實(shí)例說明自己在前職上的工作表現(xiàn),以證明自己對未來的新職也能勝任愉快。
● 加入之意愿
1.I look forward to becoming part of the Action team.2.I welcome the opportunity to become part of the Action team.3.It would be a great opportunity to work for Action Appliances.總結(jié)你的演說時(shí),最好以信心和熱誠重申自己看重這個(gè)機(jī)會。“l(fā)ook forward to+ n.(V.ing)”是表示熱切期望之實(shí)用句型,另外也可使用“welcome”。