第一篇：小升初英語重點語法--Happen用法小結

小升初英語重點語法--Happen用法小結

生活中什么事都可能會“發(fā)生(happen)”。那么，你知道怎樣使用happen這個詞嗎?下面我們就對happen的用法作一小結。

happen是不及物動詞，它的用法常見的有如下幾種情況：

1.表示“某地(某時)發(fā)生了什么事”，常用“sth.+ happen +地點/時間”這一結構來表達，此時主語應是事情。例如：

The story happened in 2003.這個故事發(fā)生在2003年。

An accident happened in that street.那條街上發(fā)生了一起事故。

2.表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”，要用“sth.+ happen+to sb.”這一結構來表達。例如：

A car accident happened to her this morning.今天上午她發(fā)生了交通事故。What happened to you? 你怎么啦?

3.表示“某人碰巧做某事”，要用“sb.+ happen+ to do sth.”這一結構來表達。例如： I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一個朋友。

4.happen表示“碰巧或恰巧發(fā)生某事”時，還可用“It happens / happened that...”這一結構來表達。例如：

It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.碰巧那天布萊恩和彼得在家了。It happened that he had to take part in a meeting that afternoon.碰巧那天下午他不得不參加一個會議。

注：that從句中的主語是人時，此種結構可以與“sb.+ happen + to do sth.”結構互換。例如：

It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.= Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day.

第二篇：英語倒裝句用法小結

倒裝句

一般來說，倒裝分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝，有的倒裝是因為語法需要而出現(xiàn)的，有的倒裝則是因為結構平衡的需要而出現(xiàn)的。

一、完全倒裝（主謂倒裝）是指把謂語全部提到主語的前面。例：In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.1.以here, there，now, then引導的句子，要完全倒裝。這種句子中的謂語動詞通常是不及物動詞。如：Here comes the train!/ There goes the bell!注意：若代詞作主語，只把該副詞提前主謂語序不變。Here he comes./ Here it is.2句首是擬聲詞或 out , in , up ,away , down 等副詞，句子要完全倒裝。（注意，這時句子的主語也必須是名詞。如果是人稱代詞，也不能使用倒裝結構。）如：Up went the rocket./Up it went.3.介詞短語作狀語在句首，句子要完全倒裝。注意，這時句子的謂語動詞通常是不及物動詞。如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.4.表語置于句首，且主語較長或結構較復雜的句子要用全部倒裝。如：Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat.5.so/ neither/ nor 表前面所說的情況也適合于后者，其倒裝結構為“so/ neither/ nor+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞”，這里的主語同前一個句子的主語指的是同一人或物。如：She has finished her homework, so has her brother.She hasn’t gone there, neither/ nor has he.二、部分倒裝（助動詞倒裝）是指把謂語的一部分（助動詞）提到主語的前面。例： Never in my life have I seen such a thing.1.用于疑問句中。如：How did you do that? Did you see the film yesterday?

2.if 從句中如有 were(had , should), if 省去后，要部分倒裝,把were，had，should提到主語前面

如： If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.---Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him

3.as 引導的讓步狀語從句，要部分倒裝（表語、狀語倒裝）。有以下幾種形式：(1)副詞置于句首

Much as I like it(=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it.(2)動詞置于句首

Wait as you may(= Although you may wait), he will not see you.(3).形容詞或名詞置于句首

Proud as the nobles are(=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me.Child as he is(=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.注意：如果名詞前有形容詞修飾時，as引導的倒裝句中要保留不定冠詞。如： A bad-tempered man as he is(=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.4.句首為否定詞或否定意義的詞語時，句子要部分倒裝

(not , not only , never , little , seldom , not until, hardly(scarcely), no sooner, not once, at no time,...)

Little do we know about him.No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.Seldom does he come back on Sundays.Not until he came back did I know about it.5.only 在句首引導狀語，或not until 引導的狀語在句首，主句要部分倒裝。如： Only then did I realize the important of English./ Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents’ intentions.但若only 修飾的是句子的其它成分，則無須倒裝

Only socialism can save China.(only修飾句子的主語，仍用正常語序)

6.not only...but also...引導兩個并列句，前倒后不倒。如：

Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lesso--ns.7.在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或頻度副詞(短語)開頭的句子中，要用部分倒裝結構

Many a time has John given me good advice./ Often have we made that test.8.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!

9.so或so引導的短語放在句首,要部分倒裝。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.so?that結構中的倒裝。有時要強調so 所修飾的形容詞或副詞，常將so連同它所修飾的形容詞或副詞一起提到句首。這時，主句要用倒裝結構。如： He

runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.---So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.（全部倒裝）

10.狀語位于句首表示強調或使句子平衡，或使上下文緊密銜接，句子要部分倒裝。

第三篇：英語過去完成時用法小結

中招英語

過去完成時用法小結

一、過去完成時適用場合1.過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已經完成了的動作。這個過去的時間常用by，before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。

I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚飯前就把作業(yè)做完了。

The play had already started when we got to the theatre.我們到劇場時戲已經開始了。By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients.到六月底他們已經治療了一萬多病人。

2.過去完成時還可表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或還要持續(xù)下去，常與for，since等詞連用。如：

He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.他在部隊干了十年，去年退役了。

He told me that he had known her since he was a child.他告訴我他從小就認識她。

He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study.他在去英國深造前，已學了八年英語。

3.在一段情景連貫的文字中，先發(fā)生的事放在后面敘述時，要用過去完成時。如：

Tom flew home, but his father had already died.湯姆乘飛機回家，他的父親卻已經去世了。

4.過去完成時也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。

He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.他剛離開房間，他們就議論起他來。

We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.我們剛開始就被叫停。

It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用這樣的語調跟我講話，這是第一次。

二、過去完成時與一般過去時的比較

1.當一個由before, after, as soon as 等連詞引導的從句所表示的動作和主句的動作緊接著發(fā)生時，兩個動作均可用一般過去時來表示。

We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操后，我們吃早飯。

The train started to move just before he reached the platform.他到月臺時火車剛開走。They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields.他們一到地里就開始耕地。

2.按時間順序敘述兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作時，用一般過去時。

He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table.他走進屋子，打開燈，坐在桌子旁。

3.在表示某人過去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“計劃”、“想法”、“許諾”等時，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等謂語動詞常用過去完成時。

I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.我本來希望昨晚回來的，但沒搭上火車。

We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go.我們本想早回來的，但他們不讓我們走。

4.在表示過去的句子中出現(xiàn)常與完成時態(tài)連用的詞，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，中招英語

never及次數(shù)名詞等時，常用過去完成時來表示。

When we got there the basketball match had already started.我們到那里時，籃球賽已經開始了。

The old man said that he wanted to go where he had never been.老人說他想到他從未去過的地方去。

5.如果句中出現(xiàn)了表示具體的過去時間的狀語，句子的內容為過去的實際情況或句子的內容為歷史事實時，句中的動詞時態(tài)常用一般過去時。如：

The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.老師說是哥倫布最早發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲大陸。

6.表述說話人始料未及的事情時，句子的謂語動詞常用一般過去時。由于受漢語表述習慣的影響，常會用錯時態(tài)。

Jack, you are also here!I didn’t see you.杰克，你也在這啊！我沒有看見你。

隨講隨練

1.John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _____ for the wedding.[2006年全國II卷]

A.will planB.has plannedC.would planD.had planned

2.I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______ to half a dozen other groups.[2006年湖南卷]

A.was givingB.am givingC.had givenD.have given

3.Father for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.[2005年福建卷]

A.has leftB.leftC.was leavingD.had left

4.She ______ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.[2004年重慶卷]

A.would changeB.has changedC.changedD.was changing

5.He ______ to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then.A.hopedB.has hopedC.had hopedD.would hoped

6.When the old man ______ to walk back to his house, the sun ______ itself behind the mountain.[2005年湖北卷]

A.started;had already hidden

B.had started;had already hidden

C.had started;was hiding

D.was starting;hid

7.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.[2004年江蘇卷]

A.beginB.beganC.have begunD.had begun

8.— Oh, is that you, Bob?

— Err...yes.Ah, you’re Mary.Sorry I _____ you.We haven’t seen each other for ten years, have we?

A.didn’t recognizeB.hadn’t recognized

C.haven’t recognizedD.don’t recognize

Key：1-8 DCDCCABA

第四篇：英語從句用法小結

英語從句用法小結

一、主語從句

★ 定義：主語從句時名詞性從句中的一種，指句中的主語是一個完整的句子。

★ 位置：它可以放在主句謂語動詞之前，但多數(shù)情況下由it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在主句之后。

★ 連詞：引導主語從句的連詞有that, whether, 連接代詞有who, what, which, 連接副詞有when, where, how, why等。

★ 例句：That she was able to come made us very happy.Whether she will come or not is still a question.What we need is more time.Who will go makes no difference.Which team will win the match is still unknown.When they will start is not known yet.Where she has gone is a mystery.How this happened is not clear.Why he did that wasn’t.★ 引導主語從句的that不作成分，但不能省略。★ 由it作形式主語，常用句型有：

It is +名詞/形容詞/過去分詞+主語從句

It is still a question whether she will come or not.It is strange that you should like him.It is still unknown which team will win the match.此外，還有以下常用結構： It turned out that… 結果是… It has been found that…已經發(fā)現(xiàn)… It has been proved that…已經證明… It happened/occurred that…恰好… It is well-known that…據(jù)說…

It is said/reported that…據(jù)說/據(jù)報道… It must be pointed out that…必須指出… It doesn’t matter whether…是否…都沒關系 It makes no difference whether…是否…毫無區(qū)別

二、表語從句

★ 定義：表語是一個完整的句子。，由引導，有時可省略that.★ 位置：從句位于系動詞之后。

★ 連詞：引導標語從句的連詞有that，whether, as if, 代詞who, what, which, 副詞when, where, how, why等。

★ 例句：That fact is(that)she never liked him.It could be this part of the ice sheet is not necessarily sensitive to golbal warming.這可能是此處的冰層覆蓋對全球變暖不那么敏感。

The question is who can complete the difficult task.★ 注意：用because引導的標語從句僅限于以下一個句型 This/That/It is because(that)…

I think it’s because you are doing too much.主語是reason是，表語從句不能用why或because引導，只能用that.One reason why Hamlet is such a sucessful play is that it appeals to many different people.表語從句不能用if引導，但可用as if引導。He looked as if he was going to cry.三、同位語從句

★ 定義：同位語是一個名詞，表示與前面名詞相同的人或物，如“my friend John”中，John 是friend的同位語，the Yangtze, the longest river of China”中，river 是Yangtze的同位語。同位語從句即表示同位語是一個完整的句子。

★ 位置：同位語從句跟在名詞后面，進一步uom該名詞的具體內容，或對該名詞作進一步解釋。

★ 可接同位語從句的名詞一般是具有一定內容含義的名詞：conclusion, evidence, fact, hope, idea, news, opinion, problem, promise, reason,truth等。

★ 連詞：that(不能用which)，連接副詞when, how, why, whether, 連接代詞what.★ 例句： His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.The news that our team has won the match is true.She asked the reason why there was a delay.The problem whether this material can be used in our factory has not been solved.He has no idea what a remarkable woman Mary is.四、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

★ 從意義上看，同位語從句是名詞性從句，是對一個名詞加以補充說明，而定語從句是形容詞性的，是對一個名詞加以修飾和限定。

★ 從結構上看，同位語從句是由連接詞引導，連接詞雖在從句中那個不充當任何成分，但不可省略。而定語從句中的關系代詞代替先行詞，并在句中充當成分（主語或賓語），充當賓語時常可省略。

★ 例句：The news(that)he told me is really encouraging.定語從句

The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging.同位語從句

五、賓語從句

★ 定義：句中及物動詞或介詞的賓語是一個完整的句子。

★ 連詞：連接賓語從句的連詞有that, whether, if, 連接代詞有 who，whose, what, which 以及連接副詞有when, where, how, why。★ 結構：

主語+謂語+（連接詞）+賓語從句（用陳述句語序）

Do you know who(whom)they are waiting for? I wonder whether(if)daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.主語+謂語+it+賓補+that+賓語從句

用于這一結構的及物動詞有consider, find, make, regard, see, take, think。We find it necessary that we practise speaking English every day.He always take it for granted that he can pass the exam without hard work.

第五篇：小升初英語基本語法大匯總

2014小升初英語基本語法大匯總

2014小升初英語基本語法大匯總

小升初也是一個很重要的轉折，我們在學習的過程中，要把握好重點，才能在考試中發(fā)揮出色。以下是對英語重點句型的總結：

一、名詞

表示某一事物，有具體的和抽象的之分。分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。強調：不可數(shù)名詞都默認為單數(shù)，所以總是用is或者was；最好不要根據(jù)some、any、a lot of等詞去作判

斷，以免受誤導。

1、可數(shù)名詞如何變“復數(shù)形式”：

a．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；讀音：清輔音后讀，濁輔音和

元音后讀[z]。

b．以s.x.sh.ch結尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；讀音：[iz]。

c．以“輔音字母+y”結尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；讀音：[z]。

d．以“f或fe”結尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives，thief-thieves；讀音：[z]。

e．以“o”結尾的詞，分兩種情況

1）有生命的+es

tomato-tomatoeshero-heroes

2)無生命的+s讀音：[z] 如：photo-photosradio-radios

f.不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,2、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)。如果要計算不可數(shù)名詞所表達的數(shù)量，就得在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間加上“量

詞+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice

判斷步驟：

↗如是am、is或was→原形

讀句子→讀該單詞→認識該單詞→理解意思→看be動詞

讀音：[z]，如：mango-mangoesmouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

↘如是are或were→加s或es

練一練：

1、寫出下列各詞的復數(shù)。

I _________him _________this _______her ______watch _______mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______day________foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______ sandwich ______man______woman_______leaf_______people________

2、用所給名詞的正確形式填空。

（1）Are there two(box)on the table?

（2）I can see some(people)in the cinema.（3）How many(day)are there in a week?

（4）Here’re five(bottle)of(juice)for you.（5）This(violin)is hers.Those(grape)are over there.二、大寫字母的運用

1.句首第一個字母大寫。

2.人名、國名、節(jié)日名、語言名、組織名等專有名詞的首字母大寫。

3.星期、月份的首字母大寫。

4.特指的學校、政府、黨派、委員會或涉及具體人名的稱呼或職位，首字母大寫。

5.某些特殊詞匯、縮略詞、標志語、特殊用語等，首字母大寫或全大寫。

三、縮略形式

I’m = I am, you’re = you are, she’s = she is/she has, won’t=will not, can’t =can not, isn’t=is not, let's = let us.四、名詞復數(shù)的變化規(guī)則

1.一般情況下，直接加s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds.2.以s，x，sh，ch結尾，加es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches.3.以輔音字母加y結尾，變y為i, 再加es，如：family-families, hobby-hobbies.4.以f或fe結尾，變f或fe為v, 再加es，如：thief-thieves, knife-knives.5.以o結尾，加es，如：mango-mangoes.加s，如：radio-radios，photo-photos.6.不規(guī)則變化，如：man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth.7.不可數(shù)名詞有:bread, juice, tea, coffee, water, rice等。(不可數(shù)名詞相對應的be動詞是is/was)

練習:

1、請寫出下列名詞的復數(shù)形式,沒有復數(shù)形式的請劃出/。（25分）

bus______fox______boy______day______zoo______

tree______deer______fish______city______leaf______

life______milk______foot______horse______mouse______

tooth______woman______broom______juice______water______

people______branch______family______ox______ country______

2、填入所給名詞的正確形式。（5分）

1.The ______________ are playing football now.(child)

2.There are ten ___________________in our school.(woman teacher)

3.Most of __________ live in __________.（German）

4.There are three _________ and five _______ in the room.(Chinese, German)

5.Could you please give me some __________?(milk)

五、表示人或物品所屬關系時，就需要使用名詞所有格。名詞所有格的構成有以下規(guī)則：

1.一般情況下，在名詞的末尾加’s構成。如：Tom’s book

2.以“-s”結尾的復數(shù)名詞的所有格，只在其末尾加’。如：our teachers’ books

3.表示幾個人共同擁有的東西時，只在最后一個名字上加所有格。如：Su Hai and Su Yang’s bedroom

六、a, an和the的用法

1.單詞或字母的第一個讀音是輔音讀音：a book, a peach, a “U”.單詞或字母的第一個讀音是元音讀音：an egg, an hour, an “F”.2.the要注意的：球類前面不加the，樂器前面要加the，序數(shù)詞前面要加the。

1._____ear2.______actor3._____hen4.______toy

5.______university

6.______elephant7.______hat8.______umbrella

9.______rabbit10.______idea

11.______hour12_______ honest boy13.______interesting book

14.______easy question

15.______orange dress16_______apple pie17_______X-ray machine

18.______ice cream

七、人稱代詞和物主代詞

人稱代詞：

1.人稱代詞分為第一、第二、第三人稱，且有單復數(shù)之分。

2.人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語，一般用在動詞前（疑問句除外）。

3.人稱代詞的賓格在句中做賓語，多用于動詞、介詞后。

4.人稱代詞能代替表示人稱的名詞。

物主代詞：

1.表示所有關系的代詞叫做物主代詞。

2.物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。物主代詞也有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

3.形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，后面一定要跟名詞，表示該名詞所代表的事物是屬于誰的。

4.名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：This is my bag.= This is mine.熟記人稱代詞和物主代詞的*

1、人稱代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別：主格通常位于句中第一個動詞之前（有時候位于than 之后），賓格一般位于動詞或介詞之后。

2、物主代詞形容詞性與名詞性的區(qū)別：形容詞性用時后面一般要帶上名詞，名詞性則單獨使用，后面不帶名詞。

練習：用適當?shù)拇~填空：

1.That is not _________ kite.That kite is very small, but ______ is very big.(I)

2.The dress is _________.Give it to _________.(she)

3.Is this _________ watch?(you)No, it’s not _________.(I)

4._________ is my brother.________ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _________.(he)

5._________ dresses are red.(we)What colour are _________?(you)

6.Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ?(she)

7.I can find my toy, but where’s _________?(you)

8.Show _________ your kite, OK?(they)

9.I have a beautiful cat._________name is Mimi.These cakes are _________.(it)

10.Are these _________ tickets? No, _________ are not _________._________ aren’t here.(they)

11.Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom.(we)

12._________ is my aunt.Do you know _________ job? _________ a nurse.(she)

13.That is not _________ camera._________is at home.(he)

14.Where are _________? I can’t find _________.Let’s call _________ parents.(they)

15.Don’t touch _________._________ not a cat, _________ a tiger!

16._________ sister is ill.Please go and get _________.(she)

17._________ don’t know her name.Would you please tell _________.(we)

18.So many dogs.Let’s count _________.(they)

19.I have a lovely brother._________ is only 3.I like _________ very much.(he)

20.May I sit beside _________?(you)

21.Look at that desk.Those book are on _________.(it）

22.The girl behind _________ is our friend.(she)