第一篇:數(shù)學(xué) 英語翻譯
由于線性化的問題上是如此的不動點(diǎn)的成功,將嘗試使用周期點(diǎn)的一個類似的方法。縮寫的線性化f沿周期軌道
A t =d Φ(t,x0),A t+T =A t,(12.3)
建議或問題進(jìn)行調(diào)查的第一個變分方程
y=A t y,(12.4)
我們已經(jīng)遇到的(2.52)。請注意選擇不同的周期軌道點(diǎn)x0→Φ s,x0.我們的目標(biāo)是要表明穩(wěn)定的周期軌道 γ x0涉及到第一個變分方程的穩(wěn)定性。作為第一個有用的觀察,我們注意到,主要矩陣相應(yīng)的解決方案Ⅱ t,t0 可以通過線性化沿周期軌道流動。
Lemma 12.1主要的第一變分方程的矩陣解為。
Ⅱx t,t0 =0?Φt?t0?x Φ t0,x0.(12.5)
此外,f Φ t,x0是第一個變分方程的解。
f Φ t,x0=Ⅱx t,t0 f Φ t0,x0.(12.6)0
證明:縮寫J t,x =?Φt
?x x , 然后J 0,x =Ⅱ并通過交換t和x衍生工具可以得出
J t,x =d Φ t,x J t,x.因此J t?t0,Φ t0,x0是主要的第一變分方程的矩陣解法。它仍然表明(12.6)滿足第一個變分方程是一個簡單的計(jì)算。
至今A t 是周期的,第3.5所有事項(xiàng)適用。特別是主要矩陣解決方案是從。Φx0 t,t0 =Px0expt?t0 Qx0 t0(12.7)
與單值矩陣Mx0 t0 =exp TQx0 t0=
關(guān)。請注意一個是一特征值,因?yàn)椤?/p>
Mx0 t0 f Φ t0,x0=f Φ t0,x0.(12.8)?ΦT?t0?x Φ t0,x0具有特征值在所選擇的軌道點(diǎn)無
12.2 The Poincare map
記得Poincare映射
P∑ y =Φ τ y ,y(12.9)
6.3節(jié)介紹。它是為調(diào)查周期軌道的主要手段之一。穩(wěn)定的周期軌道γ x0 直接關(guān)系到穩(wěn)定性x0作為一個固定點(diǎn)P∑.Lemma 12.2 周期軌道γ x0 是(漸近)穩(wěn)定的軌道f當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)x0是(漸近)穩(wěn)定不動點(diǎn)p∑.?U?∑的x0證明:假設(shè)x0是一個穩(wěn)定的固定點(diǎn)p∑.設(shè)u是一個街區(qū)γ x0.選擇一個社區(qū)U
?U.如果x0是一個穩(wěn)定的固定點(diǎn)p∑還有另外一個鄰居V ?∑的x0使得使得Φ0,T ,U
?U 關(guān)于所有的n.現(xiàn)在假設(shè)V是一個街區(qū)γ x0 使得V?Φ0,T ,V.那么y?V有一個Pn V
n.因此yn=P∑ 因此? t,V ?U對所有的t≥0.y0 ∈U最小的t0≥0使得y0=Φ t0,y ∈V
此外,如果yn→x0然后Φ t,y →γ x0 由連續(xù)性的Φ與壓實(shí)度 0,T.因此γ x0 如果是漸近穩(wěn)定x0是.相反的是平凡的.□
作為這一結(jié)果的直接后果和定理10.1我們獲得.Corollary12.3.假設(shè)f∈Ck有一個周期軌道γ x0.如果所有的本征值的Poincare映射的單位圓內(nèi)的謊言則是漸近穩(wěn)定的周期軌道.接下來我們說明了此方法是與第一變分方程.Theorem 12.4.對衍生工具的Poincare映射的特征值dp∑在x0普爾1單值配合的單值矩陣的特征值Mx0 t0.特別的Poincare映射的特征值是獨(dú)立的點(diǎn)x0與橫向的弧度∑.證明:經(jīng)過線性變換,它是沒有任何限制承擔(dān)f x0 = 0,…,0,1.寫x= y,z ∈?n?1×?.因此∑是局部函數(shù)的圖形s:?n?1→?我們可以采取y本地坐標(biāo)的Poincare映射,因?yàn)?xΦ τ x ,x︱x=x =f x0 dτx0+
?
?ΦT?x
x0(12.10)
我們推斷dp∑ t0 j,k因?yàn)?≤j,k≤n?1由引理12.1.此外,Mx0 0 f x0 =f x0 因此
dp x 0
Mx0 0 = ∑0(12.11)
m1
這是顯而易見的.□
因此我們獲得
Corollary 12.5對Poincare映射在衍生的決定因素x0并且是平等的單值矩陣
det dp∑ x0=det Mx0 x0.(12.2)特別是自單值矩陣的行列式不會消失p∑ y是一個局部微分同胚的x0.由劉維爾公式(3.71)我們有
det Mx0 t0=exp0tr A tdt =exp0div fΦ t,x0dt.(12.13)在二維空間只有一個特征值是相等的行列式,因此我們獲得。
T
T
Lemma 12.6.假設(shè)f是一個平面向量場。然后一個周期點(diǎn)x0如果是漸近穩(wěn)定
0div f Φ t,x0dt <0(12.14)
積分和不穩(wěn)定,如果是積極的。
作為另一個的Poincare映射使用的應(yīng)用程序?qū)@示雙曲周期軌道的小擾動下堅(jiān)持。Lemma 12.7.讓f x,λ 是Ck并且假設(shè)f x,0具有雙曲周期軌道 γ x0.然后,在0足夠小的鄰域有Ck,λ?x0 λ 使得x0 0 =x0和γ x0 λ是一個周期軌道f x,λ.證明:修復(fù)一個橫向的弧線∑因?yàn)椋?x,0 在 x0處.這也是橫向的弧線f x,λ 和λ足夠小。因此有相應(yīng)的Poincare'地圖p∑ x,ε(那個是Ck).p∑ x0,0 =x0因此和沒有特征值p∑ x0,0 位于單位圓,結(jié)果從隱函數(shù)定理如下。
T
12.3.穩(wěn)定和不穩(wěn)定流形
顯示,一個周期點(diǎn)的穩(wěn)定性 x0可以讀取從第一變分方程關(guān)閉,我們將首先運(yùn)用簡化一些轉(zhuǎn)變的問題。
使用 y t =x t ?Φ t,x0 我們可以減少它的問題 y= f t,y,f t,y =f y+Φ t,x0?f Φ t,x0,(12.15)在哪里 f t,0 =0和 f t+T,x = f t,x.這個方程可以改寫為y=A t y+gt,y(12.16)
由于g T型周期, gt,0 =0,并且 ?g/?yt,0 =0.我們將看到雙曲周期軌道十分相似,雙曲不動點(diǎn)。(你被邀請表明,與我們先前的定義中的一個特殊案件的固定點(diǎn)相吻合T=0)此外,通過配套3.15改造z t =P t ?1y t 將改造系統(tǒng)。
z=Qz+g t,z(12.17)因此,我們在7.2節(jié)進(jìn)行,以顯示穩(wěn)定和不穩(wěn)定流形的存在x0定義為
M± x0 = x∈M︱sup e±rt|Φ t,x ?Φ t,x0 |<∞因?yàn)橛笑?0(12.18)這使不同點(diǎn)Φ t0,x0 在我們設(shè)置的周期軌道
±
x0 = M± Φ t0,x0(12.19)Mt0請注意,是對應(yīng)的線性線性子空間
E± t0 = x0 t1,0E± 0(12.20)對應(yīng)的子空間的穩(wěn)定和不穩(wěn)定Mx0 t0(比較(3.92))
Theorem 12.8(穩(wěn)定流形的周期軌道)。假設(shè)f∈Ck具有雙曲周期軌道γ x0 與相應(yīng)的單值矩
陣M t0.然后,有一個街區(qū)U γ x0功能h±∈Ck0,T ×E±,E± 使得
±
x0 ∩U γ x0= Φ t0,x0 +a+h± t0,a |a∈E± t0 ∩U.(12.21)Mt0
兩者h(yuǎn)± t0,.在和他們的雅可比矩陣消失x0, 也就是說, Mt±0 x0 相切各自的線性對應(yīng)
E± t0 , Φ t0,x0.此外,Φ t,x ?Φ x0,t+t0≤Ce?tγ,±t≥0,x∈M±t0 x0(12.22)任何γ<
第二篇:數(shù)學(xué)符號英語翻譯
1.Logic ? ? there exist for all
p?q p implies q / if p, then q
p?q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent 2.Sets 集合
x∈A x belongs to A / x is an element(or a member)of A x?A x does not belong to A / x is not an element(or a member)of A
A?B A is contained in B / A is a subset of B A?B A contains B / B is a subset of A A∩B A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B A∪B A cup B / A join B / A union B AB A minus B / the diference between A and B
A×B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B 3.Real numbers x+1 x-1 x±1 xy x plus one x minus one x plus or minus one xy / x multiplied by y
x minus y, x plus y(x-y)(x+y)= x=5 x≠5 the equals sign
x equals 5 / x is equal to 5 x(is)not equal to 5
x≡y x is equivalent to(or identical with)y x>y x≥y x x is greater than or equal to y x is less than y x≤y x is less than or equal to y zero is less than x is less than 1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1 0 x squared / x(raised)to the power 2 x cubed x to the fourth / x to the power 4 x to the nth / x to the power n x to the(power)minus n (square)root x / the square root of x cube root(of)x fourth root(of)x nth root(of)x x的三次根 x的四次根 x的n次根 (x+y)2 x plus y all squared n!x^ xˉ x? xi n factorial x hat x bar x tilde xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i ∑(i=1~n)ai the sum from i equals one to n ai / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the ai 4.Linear algebra ‖x‖ the norm(or modulus)of x OA→ OA / vector OA 這里應(yīng)該是寫在字母上的一短杠 OAˉ OA / the length of the segment OA 同上,長杠 AT A?1 A transpose / the transpose of A A inverse / the inverse of A 5.Functions f(x)fx / f of x / the function f of x f:S→T a function f from S to T x→y x maps to y / x is sent(or mapped)to y f’(x)f prime x / f dash x / the(first)derivative of f with respect to x f”(x)f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to x f”’(x)triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x f(4)(x)f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x 4應(yīng)該是上角標(biāo) ?f/?x1 the partial(derivative)of f with respect to x1 ?2f/?x12 ∫0∞ the second partial(derivative)of f with respect to x1 the integral from zero to infinity limx→0 the limit as x approaches zero limx→0+ the limit as x approaches zero from above limx→0? the limit as x approaches zero from below logey log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log(of)y lny log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log(of)y 數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算已經(jīng)在眾多科技領(lǐng)域和當(dāng)代無止境的工藝與科技的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中里扮演著一個極其重要的角色,使用在本文中所講述的數(shù)學(xué)內(nèi)容,各種實(shí)際應(yīng)用問題可以被解決。當(dāng)然,我們不能解決一些出現(xiàn)的更加先進(jìn)類型的問題,但是我們可以構(gòu)造一種更加先進(jìn)的數(shù)學(xué)模型來解決這類問題。因此,獲得在本文中提到的數(shù)學(xué)的真正含義會對你將來的工作有很大的價值。對代數(shù)的通透的理解對任何形式的基礎(chǔ)領(lǐng)域數(shù)學(xué)都是很有必要的。它對幫助讀者學(xué)習(xí)和理解提到的基礎(chǔ)步驟和操作十分重要。否則將來問題的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用理解起來會很困難。除非代數(shù)操作理解得很好,否則結(jié)果將會變成一個疲軟的根據(jù)在將來各種數(shù)學(xué)以及數(shù)學(xué)所應(yīng)用到的科技領(lǐng)域里。 我們應(yīng)該重新開始在數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的學(xué)習(xí),通過回顧各種數(shù)字與圖形的基礎(chǔ)步驟與操作。與此同時我們應(yīng)該理解各種在代數(shù)領(lǐng)域的問題,將來會對我們在其他數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的進(jìn)步很有必要,比如三角函數(shù)與微積分。 各種數(shù)學(xué)名詞的英語翻譯 數(shù)學(xué) mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理 axiom定理 theorem計(jì)算 calculation運(yùn)算 operation證明 prove假設(shè) hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命題 proposition算術(shù) arithmetic加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.) 被加數(shù) augend, summand加數(shù) addend和 sum 減 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被減數(shù) minuend減數(shù) subtrahend差 remainder乘 times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) 被乘數(shù) multiplicand, faciend乘數(shù) multiplicator積 product 除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除數(shù) dividend除數(shù) divisor商 quotient 等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于 is greater than小于 is lesser than大于等于 is equal or greater than 小于等于 is equal or lesser than 運(yùn)算符 operator 平均數(shù)mean 算術(shù)平均數(shù)arithmatic mean 幾何平均數(shù)geometric meann個數(shù)之積的n次方根倒數(shù)(reciprocal)x的倒數(shù)為1/x 有理數(shù) rational number無理數(shù) irrational number實(shí)數(shù) real number虛數(shù) imaginary number數(shù)字 digit數(shù) number 自然數(shù) natural number整數(shù) integer小數(shù) decimal小數(shù)點(diǎn) decimal point分?jǐn)?shù) fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator比 ratio正 positive負(fù) negative 零 null, zero, nought, nil十進(jìn)制 decimal system二進(jìn)制 binary system十六進(jìn)制 hexadecimal system權(quán) weight, significance進(jìn)位 carry截尾 truncation四舍五入 round下舍入 round down上舍入 round up 有效數(shù)字 significant digit無效數(shù)字 insignificant digit代數(shù) algebra 公式 formula, formulae(pl.)單項(xiàng)式 monomial多項(xiàng)式 polynomial, multinomial系數(shù) coefficient未知數(shù) unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor等式,方程式 equation一次方程 simple equation 二次方程 quadratic equation三次方程 cubic equation四次方程 quartic equation不等式 inequation階乘 factorial對數(shù) logarithm指數(shù),冪 exponent乘方 power 二次方,平方 square三次方,立方 cube 四次方 the power of four, the fourth power n次方 the power of n, the nth power 開方 evolution, extraction二次方根,平方根 square root三次方根,立方根 cube root四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root n次方根 the root of n, the nth rootsqrt(2)=1.414sqrt(3)=1.732sqrt(5)=2.236 常量 constant變量 variable坐標(biāo)系 coordinates坐標(biāo)軸 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 橫坐標(biāo) x-coordinate縱坐標(biāo) y-coordinate原點(diǎn) origin象限quadrant 截距(有正負(fù)之分)intercede(方程的)解solution幾何geometry點(diǎn) point線 line面 plane體 solid線段 segment射線 radial平行 parallel相交 intersect 角度 degree弧度 radian銳角 acute angle直角 right angle鈍角 obtuse angle平角 straight angle周角 perigon底 base邊 side高 height三角形 triangle 銳角三角形 acute triangle直角三角形 right triangle直角邊 leg斜邊 hypotenuse 勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem鈍角三角形 obtuse triangle不等邊三角形 scalene triangle 等腰三角形 isosceles triangle 等邊三角形 equilateral triangle 四邊形 quadrilateral平行四邊形 parallelogram矩形 rectangle長 length寬 width 周長 perimeter面積 area相似 similar全等 congruent 三角 trigonometry正弦 sine余弦 cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割 secant余割 cosecant反正弦 arc sine反余弦 arc cosine反正切 arc tangent反余切 arc cotangent 反余割 arc cosecant補(bǔ)充: 集合aggregate元素 element空集 void子集 subset交集 intersection并集 union補(bǔ)集 complement映射 mapping函數(shù) function 定義域 domain, field of definition值域 range單調(diào)性 monotonicity奇偶性 parity周期性 periodicity圖象 image數(shù)列,級數(shù) series微積分 calculus微分 differential導(dǎo)數(shù) derivative極限 limit無窮大 infinite(a.)infinity(n.)無窮小 infinitesimal積分 integral 定積分 definite integral不定積分 indefinite integral復(fù)數(shù) complex number矩陣 matrix行列式 determinant 圓 circle圓心 centre(BrE), center(AmE)半徑 radius直徑 diameter圓周率 pi弧 arc 半圓 semicircle扇形 sector環(huán) ring 圓周 circumference軌跡 locus, loca(pl.)平行六面體 parallelepiped立方體 cube七面體 heptahedron八面體 octahedron九面體 enneahedron十面體 decahedron十一面體 hendecahedron十二面體 dodecahedron二十面體 icosahedron多面體 polyhedron旋轉(zhuǎn) rotation軸 axis球 sphere半球 hemisphere底面 undersurface表面積 surface area體積 volume空間 space雙曲線 hyperbola拋物線 parabola 四面體 tetrahedron五面體 pentahedron 六面體 hexahedron菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond正方形 square梯形 trapezoid 直角梯形 right trapezoid等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid五邊形 pentagon六邊形 hexagon七邊形 heptagon八邊形 octagon九邊形 enneagon十邊形 decagon十一邊形 hendecagon十二邊形 dodecagon多邊形 polygon 正多邊形 equilateral polygon 相位 phase 振幅 amplitude內(nèi)心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE) 垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE) 內(nèi)切圓 inscribed circle外切圓 circumcircle統(tǒng)計(jì) statistics平均數(shù) average 加權(quán)平均數(shù) weighted average方差 variance 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation比例 propotion百分比 percent百分點(diǎn) percentage百分位數(shù) percentile排列 permutation組合 combination概率,或然率 probability分布 distribution 正態(tài)分布 normal distribution非正態(tài)分布 abnormal distribution圖表 graph 條形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 bar graph柱形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 histogram折線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 broken line graph曲線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 curve diagram扇形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 pie diagram --------------數(shù)學(xué)中常用單詞術(shù)語abscissa橫坐標(biāo) 值 acute angle銳角adjacent angle鄰角addition加algebra代數(shù)altitude高angle bisector角平分線 arc弧area面積arithmetic mean算術(shù)平均值(總和除以總數(shù))arithmetic progression等差數(shù)列(等差級數(shù))arm直角三角形的股 at總計(jì)(乘法)average平均值base底be contained in位于...上 bisect平分center圓心chord弦circle圓形circumference圓周長 circumscribe外切,外接 clockwise順時針方向 closest approximation最相近似的combination組合common divisor公約數(shù),公因子 common factor公因子 complementary angles余角(二角和為90度)composite number合數(shù)(可被除1及本身以外其它的數(shù)整除) 圓 cone圓錐(體積=1/3*pi*r*r*h) congruent全等的consecutive integer連續(xù)的整數(shù) coordinate坐標(biāo)的cost成本counterclockwise逆時針方向 cube1.立方數(shù)2.立方體(體積=a*a*a表面積=6*a*a)cylinder圓柱體decagon十邊形decimal小數(shù)decimal point小數(shù)點(diǎn)decreased減少decrease to減少到decrease by減少了degree角度define1.定義2.化簡 denominator分母denote代表,表示 depreciation折舊distance距離distinct不同的dividend1.被除數(shù)2.紅利 divided evenly被除數(shù) divisible可整除的division1.除2.部分 divisor除數(shù)down payment預(yù)付款,定金 equation方程equilateral triangle等邊三角形 even number偶數(shù)expression表達(dá)exterior angle外角face(立體圖形的)某一面 factor因子fraction1.分?jǐn)?shù)2.比例 geometric mean幾何平均值(N個數(shù)的乘積再開N次方) geometric progression等比數(shù)列(等比級數(shù))have left剩余height高h(yuǎn)exagon六邊形hypotenuse斜邊improper fraction假分?jǐn)?shù) increase增加increase by增加了increase to增加到inscribe內(nèi)切,內(nèi)接 intercept截距integer整數(shù)interest rate利率in terms of...用...表達(dá) interior angle內(nèi)角intersect相交irrational無理數(shù)isosceles triangle等腰三角形 least common multiple最小公倍數(shù) least possible value最小可能的值 leg直角三角形的股 length長list price標(biāo)價margin利潤mark up漲價 mark down降價maximum最大值median, medium中數(shù)(把數(shù)字按大小排列,若為奇數(shù)項(xiàng),則中間那項(xiàng)就為中數(shù),若為偶數(shù)項(xiàng),則中間兩項(xiàng)的算術(shù)平均值為中數(shù)。例:(1,3,8)其中數(shù)為3;(1,3,8,9)其中數(shù)為(3+8)/2=5) median of a triangle三角形的中線 mid point中點(diǎn)minimum最小值minus減multiplication乘法multiple倍數(shù)multiply乘natural number自然數(shù) negative number負(fù)數(shù)nonzero非零number lines數(shù)線numerator分子obtuse angle鈍角octagon八邊形odd number奇數(shù)ordinate縱坐標(biāo)overlap重疊parallel lines平行線 parallelogram平行四邊形 pentagon五邊形per capita每人perimeter周長permutation排列perpendicular lines垂直線 pyramid三角錐plane平面plus加polygon多邊形positive number正數(shù) power次方(2的5次方=the fifth power of 2) prime factor質(zhì)因子prime number質(zhì)數(shù)product乘積profit利潤proper fraction真分?jǐn)?shù) proportion比例purchasing price買價quadrant象限quadrihedrogon四角錐 quadrilateral四邊形 quotient商ratio比例rational有理數(shù)radius半徑(復(fù)數(shù)為radii) radian弧度real number實(shí)數(shù)reciprocal倒數(shù)rectangle長方形rectangular prism長方體 reduced減少regular polygon正多邊形 remainder余數(shù)retail value零售價rhombus菱形right angle直角right triangle直角三角形 round四舍五入sale price賣價segment線段set集合sequence數(shù)列scalene triangle不等邊三角形 side邊長 simple interest單利slope斜率solution(方程的)解 speed過度sphere球體(表面積=4*pi*r*r,體積=4/3*pi*r*r*r) square1.平方數(shù),平方2.正方形 square root平方根straight angle平角subtract減subtraction減法sum和surface area表面積supplementary angles補(bǔ)角 tangent相切tenths' digit十分位 tenth十分位tie并列,打平 times倍total1.總數(shù)(用于加法中,相當(dāng)于+)2.總計(jì)(用于減法中,相當(dāng)于-)to the nearest最接近的trapezoid梯形triangle三角形two digits2位units' digit個位veiocity速度vertex angle頂角vertical angle對頂角 volume體積whole number整數(shù)width寬3-digit number三位數(shù) 英語1-4單元翻譯 第一單元.這個嬰兒還不會爬,更不用說走了。The baby can not crawl,let alone walk.2 威爾聲稱謀殺案發(fā)生時他正在與一群朋友吃飯,但是我認(rèn)為他在說謊。Will claimed that he was having a dinner with his friend when the murder happended,but in my opinion he is lying.he told lie.3 一定程度上閱讀速度與閱讀技巧密切相關(guān);有了閱讀技巧,你就可以更好的應(yīng)對課外閱讀了。 To a certain extent ,the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills;and reading skills, you can better cope with outside class readingafter class reading.4 根據(jù)規(guī)則他們倆都可以參加比賽。 According to the ruleregulation, they both can take part inparticipate the game.5 有些人想當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為日語中的每一個詞在漢語中都有對應(yīng)的詞語。Some people assume that each word in Japanese has an equivalent in Chinese /Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for very Japanese word 6 我已將所有的相關(guān)信息告知了警方。 We have already reported all relevant information to the police We have already passed all relevant information on the police 7 關(guān)于那件事你問我再多的問題也沒用,因?yàn)槲沂遣粫卮鹉愕?。It is no use asking me any more questions because I won’t answer 8 事先沒有仔細(xì)閱讀合同就簽了名是吉姆的錯誤。 Singing the contract without reading it carefully was a mistake on Jim’s part It was a mistake on Jim’s part to sign the contract without reading carefully 9 他們拒絕向我們提供所需要的全部信息。 They refused to provide us with all information that we needed 10 這起事故與三年前發(fā)生的一起事故極為相似。 This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago 11 這部影片是根據(jù)莎士比亞的戲劇改編的。 The film /movies is based on a play of William Shakespeare 如果你過你的英語和電腦技能都掌握得好,那么你在謀職時一定比別人更有優(yōu)勢.You’ll surely /certainly have advantage over others in finding a job ,if you are good at /if you have a good command of both English and computer skills 第二單元 很多老師不贊同這種做法 Many /A lot of /A large number of teachers frowned on this practice 2 當(dāng)我想從草地上穿過去的時候,有位老人在旁邊怒視著我。 When I was about to /was trying to cross /cut across the lawn , an old man glared at me.3 當(dāng)我提到我的父親,她臉上總是露出來認(rèn)識我的笑容。 When I mentioned my father, she showed a smile of recognition on her face 4 我的大孩子比較聽話,而小的那個非常倔。我現(xiàn)在還回想起小的孩子在中學(xué)畢業(yè)后是如何執(zhí)意要出國讀書的。 My older child/My firstborn was quit obedient, whereas my younger child was very stubborn.I can still recall how the younger child insisted on going abroad to study after his graduation from middle school.5 當(dāng)海嘯襲來時,許多東南亞國家遭受了巨大的損失。 Countries in South East Asia sustained great losses when the tsunami struck the area.6 每當(dāng)做母親的那弟弟跟哥哥作比較,弟弟就要抗議。 Every time the mother tries to compare the younger brother with his elder brother, the younger one will protest 7 當(dāng)他初到這個新學(xué)校的時候,發(fā)現(xiàn)自己與其他同學(xué)格格不入。 He found himself unable to fit in with his classmates when he first came to this school 8 她臉上氣急敗壞的表情實(shí)在把我嚇壞了。我再也不敢說個不字。The fury on her face terrified me.I dared not say no to her again.9 怪不得你最后闖出禍來,原來你從來不聽你父母的管教。No wonder you ended up in trouble.You never followed your parents’ advice.10 他發(fā)了整整兩年的時間才慢慢適應(yīng)了這個新環(huán)境。It took him two years to adapt to the new environment 第三單元 威廉非常喜歡那個女孩,所以他盡力討好她,并且很有信心可以贏得她的心。William likes the girl very much /a lot so he tires his best to impress her and is optimistic to min her heart.2 他有創(chuàng)造性,對未來也有很好的判斷力,可就是喜歡秘而不宣。He is creative and has a good vision of the future, but he likes keep things to himself.3 他們來自一個貧窮的小山村,那里的人們遠(yuǎn)離現(xiàn)代文明。 They come from a poor little village where people were shut off from modern civilization.4 我們要努力工作,爭取達(dá)到我們是定下的目標(biāo).We must work hard and make an effort to achieve the goals that we have set.5 我們應(yīng)滿足于我們所擁有的一切,不該對周圍的事情過分吹毛求疵。We should learn to be content with all that we have and should not be too critical about things around us.6 他們經(jīng)常代表學(xué)校參加辯論比賽;今晚我們將聚會慶祝他們的成功。They often represent our school in debating competitions;tonight we will throw a party to celebrate their success.7 通過讀書,他不僅開闊了視野,而且學(xué)會了不斷完善自己的人格。Through reading ,not only has he expanded his horizons,but he also has learned to keep improving his character.8 為了把那個女孩從火中救出,兩名警察犧牲了他們的生命。 Two policemen sacrificed their lives in order to save that girl from the fire.9 穩(wěn)定的;無沖突的夫妻關(guān)系對家庭中的孩子有好處。 A stable relationship without conflict between husband and wife benefits the children in family.3 第四單元 我們一知道成績就互相聯(lián)系吧! Let’s get in touch as soon as we know the result of the testexam 2 那音樂激起他強(qiáng)烈的思鄉(xiāng)之情。 The music aroused an intense feeling of homesickness in him.3 你已經(jīng)工作一個上午了,該休息一下了 You’ve been working all morning---you;deserve a rest now.4 我剛躺下,電話鈴就響了。 I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rangNo sooner had I lain down than the telephone rang.5 醫(yī)生說我疲勞過度,勸我不要在接受更多的工作 My doctor says I’m too tired and has advised me not to take on any more work 6 珍妮自愿負(fù)責(zé)聚會后的清潔工作。 Jenny volunteered to clear up after the gathering.7 演講的題目提前一個星期宣布,但是演講者的名字不會提前告知。The subject of the talk is announced a week in advance, but the name of the speaker is not.8 你的考試成績沒有達(dá)到所要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),換句話說,你考試不及格。Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard----in other words, you failed.9 她病得很厲害,必須停止工作。She was so ill that she had to leave off work.10 現(xiàn)在沒辦法知道結(jié)果會怎樣,案子的決定權(quán)在法官手里,我們所能做的就是等待 There is no way to tell what is going to happen.The case is in the hands of the judge, and all we could do is to wait.4第三篇:科技英語翻譯,數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算
第四篇:各種數(shù)學(xué)名詞的英語翻譯
第五篇:英語翻譯