第一篇：新東方 考研 寫作精講

考研基礎班網絡課堂寫作講義 北京新東方學校 王江濤

第一節 考研寫作總論

一、課程安排：

1、考研寫作總論：評卷實例、復習計劃、學習方法、大

綱解讀

2、應用文：書信類、告示類

3、段落寫作：真題透視、框架結構、啟承轉合

4、兩圖寫作（00、03、06、07）

5、一圖寫作（98、01、02、04、05）

6、圖表作文

二、評卷實例：2001年真題 Directions: Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is

probably the noblest, but everyone had his/her own

understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue

in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper to 1)show your understanding of the symbolic meaning

of the picture below, 2)give a specific example, and 3)give your suggestion as to the best way to show

love.1、20分范文：

Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is

probably the noblest.It is of the utmost

importance to the human beings.Everybody not only

needs love, but also should give love.As is described in the picture, “love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places.” This is

indeed true.People in darker places need more

light than ordinary people.Maybe even a dim light

can give them much hope for a better life and

progress.Maybe even a dim light can give them

much hope for a better life and progress.Maybe

just a thread of light will call forth their

strength and courage to step out of their

difficulties.For instance when someone is starving to death，just a little food and water from you may save his

life.Or when a little girl in a poor rural area

drops out of school because of poverty, just a

small sum of money from you may support her to

finish her schooling and change her life, you have

given love which is like a lamp in a dark place

where light is most needed.So to sum up, we should offer our help to all who

are in need.We expect to get love from others and

we also give love to others so when you see

someone in difficulty or in distress and in need

of help, don’t hesitate to give your love to him.I believe then the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a

better place for us to live in.2、18分范文

It is generally believed that love is a hot topic

which is most talked about.This is true not only

in China but also in other countries.We live in

different countries, speak different languages，but love is something common to us all.But how to

show love may be different with different people

in different countries.This is something we

should give more thought to.As is shown in the picture, love is like a lamp

which shines brightest in dark places.This tells

us a simple truth: Love is like a lamp.It is most

valuable when it is most needed.For example, once

I saw a foreign lady get lost in the street.She

could not speak Chinese and nobody seemed to be

able to help her.Though my English is not very

good and I am a shy person, I thought she needed

help very much.I asked her what she wanted.She

told me she lost her way, so I showed her the way

to her hotel.It was a small thing but she thanked

me very much because my help was needed very much.My help was like a lamp in dark places.I think we all should be like a lamp in a dark

place, showing our love, giving our help to

others, even to strangers.In this way, we can

make this world a harmonious and peaceful world.三、復習計劃：

1、考前復習：

1）攻克詞匯：

2）精研真題：詞匯、句子結構、選項設置、英譯漢、背誦

3）適當?？迹?/p>

2、寫作練習：

3、時間分配：

1）14：00－14：15 寫作A節

2）14：15－14：50 寫作B節

3）14：50－16：00 閱讀A節

4）16：00－16：20 完型填空

5）16：20－16：40 閱讀B節

6）16：40－17：00 閱讀C節

第二節 應用文

一、學習方法：

（一）提高實力：

1、十遍精讀： 1）精彩詞匯 2）精彩詞組 3）精彩句型

4）句子結構：簡單句（主干＋修飾成分）、從句、時態、冠詞、主謂一致

5）段落結構：總分總，主題句＋論證（＋小結）6）關聯詞：小作文3－5個，大作文5－7個 7）同義替換：詞匯＋句型 8）代詞替換：it, that, they 9）精彩觀點： 10）原因建議：

2、背誦：滾瓜爛熟、脫口而出、多多益善

3、默寫：發現寫作弱點

4、中譯英：提高寫作實力

5、寫作：模仿

（二）掌握技巧：萬能框架

二、大綱解讀：

（一）評價目標：

考生應能寫不同類型的應用文，包括私人和公務信函、備

忘錄、摘要、報告等，還應能寫一般描述性、敘述性和說

明或議論性的文章。短文寫作時，考生應能： 1）做到語法、拼寫、標點正確，用詞恰當； 2）遵循文章的特定文體格式；

3）合理組織文章結構，使其內容統一、連貫； 4）根據寫作目的和特定讀者，恰當使用語域。

（二）考試內容：

該部分由A、B兩節組成，考查考生的書面表達能力?？偡?/p>

30分。

A節：考生根據所給情景寫出一篇約100詞（標點符號不計

算在內）的應用性短文，包括私人和公務信函、備忘錄、摘要、報告等?？忌诖痤}卡2上作答。滿分10分。B節：要求考生根據提示信息寫出一篇160－200詞的短文

（標點符號不計算在內）。提示信息的形式有主題句、寫

作提綱、規定情景、圖、表等。考生在答題卡2上作答。

滿分20分。

（三）評分原則和方法：

1、雖然A、B兩節的考查要點有所不同，但對考生寫作能

力的基本要求是相同的，所以一般評分標準對兩節都適用

。但根據兩節的不同考查要點，評分是會有不同的側重點

。A節

應用文的評分側重點在于信息點的覆蓋和內容的組織、語

言的準確性、格式和語域（指在書面和口語表達中根據不

同的交際對象，所采用的話語方式，即正式、一般、非正

式的話語）的恰當。對語法結構和詞匯多樣性的要求將根

據具體試題作調整。允許在作文中使用提示語中出現過的

關鍵詞，但使用提示語中出現過的詞組或句子將被扣分。B節

B節作文的評分重點在于內容的完整性、文章的連貫組織

性、語法結構和詞匯的多樣性及語言的準確性。

2、評分時，先根據文章的內容和語言確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來給分。評分人員在檔內有1－3分的

調節分。

3、A節作文的字數要求是100詞左右。B節作文的字數要求

是160－200詞。文章長度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。

4、拼寫與標點符號是語言準確性的一個方面。評分時，視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法

均可接受。

5、如書寫較差，以致影響交際，將分數降低一個檔次。

三、書信格式：

（一）稱呼

1、寫給機構

1）不認識負責人：Dear Sir or Madam, Dear

Sir/Madam, To whom it may concern, 2）認識負責人：Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor, Dear President(Michael)Wang，2、寫給個人

1）關系不親密：Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor, Dear President(Michael)Wang, 2）關系親密：Dear Michael，（二）正文：3段、7句、100－120詞、3－5關聯詞、3－5 從句

1、第一段：2句 1）自我介紹

（1）I am a staff member from your

company/corporation.（2）I am a

freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/gra

duate from the Department of Chinese Language and

Literature of Beijing University.2）寫作目的：I am writing the letter in

purpose of ordering some books/resigning from my

current post/position.2、第二段：3句

1）改寫提綱一：1句

2）改寫提綱二：1句

3）改寫提綱三：1句

3、第三段

1）表示感謝（私人建議信除外）

（1）My appreciation to you for your generous

help is beyond words.（2）Words fail me when I want to express my

sincere gratitude to you.（3）I take this opportunity to show my

heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you

rendered me.2）期待回信

（1）I am looking forward to your reply/hearing

from you soon.（2）I look forward to a favorable reply at your

earliest convenience.（3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be

highly appreciated.（三）落款 Yours sincerely，Li Ming

四、書信類應用文：

1、大綱樣題：訂購信 Directions: You are preparing for an English test and are in

need of some reference books.Write a letter to

the sales department of a bookstore to ask for: 1)detailed information about the books you

want, 2)methods of payment, 3)time and way of delivery.Dear Sir or Madam, As I am planning to take the National Entrance

Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM), I

have decided to place an order of some NETEM books

with due consideration of the good reputation of

your bookstore and the high quality of your books.Firstly, please give me particular accounts as

regards names, authors, publishing houses and

prices of these books.Secondly, I also need to

know the terms of payment and after-sell service.Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenient for you to

deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of

Beijing New Oriental School by September 1, 2007.I have arranged to pay for the service.I would like to express my gratitude for your kind

consideration of my requests.I look forward to

hearing from you soon.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

第三節 段落寫作

一、書信類應用文 2、2005真題：辭職信＋道歉信

Directions: Two months ago, you got a job as an

editor for the magazine Fashion & Design.But now

you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss

Mr.Wang, telling him your decision, stating your

reason(s), and making an apology.Dear Mr.Wang, I am writing to inform you about my decision to

resign from my current position.The primary reasons are as follows.First, after

two months, I do feel that it is not easy for me

to get used to the extra work and night shift.Second, the salary has proven to be much lower

than you originally promised, and I have a large

family to support.Last, what I have learned in

the university cannot meet the requirement of

being an editor.I feel terribly sorry for the inconvenience I have

caused.I sincerely hope that you approve of my

resignation.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 3、2006真題：請求信 Directions:

You want to contribute to Project Hope by

offering financial aid to a child in a remote

area, write a letter to the department concerned，asking them to help find a candidate.You should

specify what kind of child you want to help and

how you will carry out your plan.Write your

letter in no less than 100 words.Write it neatly

on ANSWER SHEET 2.Don't sign your own name at the end of the letter，use “Li Ming” instead.Don't write the address.(10 points)

To whom it may concern, As a student who can support myself, I am writing

to request if you can help me find a potential

beneficiary of Project Hope.I wonder whether it is convenient for you if two

things regarding the child are taken into account.First, the child should come from Sichuan Province

because I intend to help a child from my hometown.Second, it will be better if he or she is a

primary school student who was forced to drop

school because of abject poverty.I would like to help the recipient of my

assistance annually until he graduates from

college.Firstly, the money will cover his tuition

fee and other expenses at school.Besides, I will

correspond with him frequently so that he can seek

advice whenever he needs.Your prompt attention to

my inquiry would be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

4、備忘錄/報告：

Directions: You are the president of a company.Write a memo to Percy Shelley, the vice-president

on the employee’s training on computer, telling

him the need to train the employees, detailed

information, and ask him to write a plan.Date：January 20, 2007 To：Percy Shelley, Vice President From：Li Ming, President Subject：Computer Training of the Staff As we discussed earlier this week, I agree with

you that our firm is faced up with problem of the

high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff.We

need to make up a plan for training our employees

in the new field.I would like you to design our own in-house

computer-training program.We had better classify

the employees and put them through the program in

turn.Write up a brief proposal, describing what you

think the program should cover.Assume the class

runs four hours a week for ten weeks.Also, assume

people have no prior computer knowledge or any

formal course work in computer science.5、摘要：

1）不超過原文三分之一，可少不可多；

2）不要評論、不要照抄；

3）改寫每段首尾句。

二、告示類應用文：

（一）寫作格式：

1、標題

2、日期：標題右下方

3、正文：1－3段，3－6句，0－1從句，現在/將來

時

4、署名：個人或單位

（二）分類：通告/通知、啟事、其他 經典范文：征稿啟事

Directions:

Your journal is planning to publish an issue.Write a contributions wanted which covers the

following information:

1)the purpose of the issue，2)time and methods of delivery，3)other details.You should write about 100 words.Do not sign

your own name at the end of the notice.Contributions Wanted February 3, 2007 To celebrate the 14th anniversary of the Beijing

New Oriental Education and Technology Group, this

journal has decided to publish a special issue on

our great achievements in the teaching and

research activities in the past 14 years.Articles, photos, memoirs and other writings

related to this topic are invited.Faculty members

and students are welcome to send in their

contributions in whatever forms or styles to our

office before the 30th instant.They may also send

their writings and photos electronically to the

following address: xdfyy@staff.neworiental.org

The Editorial Office

New Oriental English Journal

三、真題透視：參見新東方考研寫作教材P.12 1、1991： DIRECTIONS: A)Title: WHERE TO LIVE---IN THE CITY OR THE

COUNTRY? B)Time limit: 40 minutes C)Word limit: 120-150 words(not including the given opening sentence)D)Your composition should be based on the

OUTLINE below and should start with the given

opening sentence.E)Your composition must be written clearly

in the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE: 1.Conveniences of the city 2.Attractions of the country 3.Disadvantages of both 4.My preference 2、1992： DIRECTIONS: A)Title: FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN

PARENT AND CHILD B)Time limit: 40 minutes C)Word limit: 120-150 words(not including

the given opening sentence)D)Your composition should be based on the

OUTLINE below and should start with the given

opening sentence.E)Your composition must be written clearly

in the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE: 1.Present situation: Lack of communication

between parent and child 2.Possible reasons: 1)Different likes and dislikes 2)Misunderstanding 3)Others 3.Suggestions: 1)For parents 2)For children 3、1993：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title: ADVERTISEMENT ON TV B)Time limit: 40 minutes C)Word limit: 120-150 words(not including

the given opening sentence)D)Your composition should be based on the

OUTLINE below and should start with the given

opening sentence: “Today more and more

advertisements are seen on the TV screen.” E)Your composition must be written clearly

in the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE: 1.Present state 2.Reasons 3.My comments 4、1994：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title: ON MAKING FRIENDS B)Time limit: 40 minutes C)Word limit: 120-150 words(not including

the given opening sentence)D)Your composition should be based on the

OUTLINE below and should start with the given

opening sentence: “As a human being, one can

hardly do without a friend.”

E)Your composition must be written clearly

on the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE: 1.The need for friends 2.True friendship 3.My principle in making friends 5、1995：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title: THE “PROJECT HOPE” B)Time limit: 40 minutes C)Word limit: 120-150 words(not including

the given opening sentence)D)Your composition should be based on the

OUTLINE below and should start with the given

opening sentence: “Education plays a very

important role in the modernization of our

country.”

E)Your composition must be written neatly on

the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE: 1.Present situation 2.Necessity of the project 3.My suggestion 6、1996：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title: GOOD HEALTH B)Time limit: 40 minutes C)Word limit: 120-150 words(not including

the given opening sentence)D)Your composition should be based on the

OUTLINE below and should start with the given

opening sentence: “The desire for good health is

universal.”

E)Your composition must be written neatly on

the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE: 1.Importance of good health 2.Ways to keep fit 3.My own practices 7、1997：

2001年大綱樣題 Directions:

Widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave

consequences, yet the tobacco companies still

claim that they make a valuable contribution to

the world economy.There is a discussion in a newspaper on the above

two viewpoints.Write an essay to the newspaper 1)Criticizing their view and 2)Justify your stand.In your essay, make full use of the information

provided in the pictures printed below.You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET

II.8、1998： Directions: A.Study the following set of pictures

carefully and write an essay in no less than 150

words.B.Your essay must be written clearly on the

ANSWER SHEET II.C.Your essay should cover all the

information provided and meet the requirements below: 1．Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon.2．Give your comments.9、1999： DIRECTIONS: A.Study the following graphs carefully and

write an essay in at least150 words.B.Your essay must be written clearly on the

ANSWER SHEET II.C.Your essay should cover these three

points: 1.effect of the country’s growing human

population on its wildlife 2.possible reason for the effect 3.your suggestion for wildlife protection

10：2000： Directions: Study the following two pictures carefully and

write an essay to

1.Describe the pictures 2.Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the

pictures, and

3.Suggest counter-measures You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER

SHEET II 11、2001： Directions: Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is

probably the noblest, but everyone had his/her own

understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue

in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper to 1)show your understanding of the symbolic meaning

of the picture below, 2)give a specific example, and 3)give your suggestion as to the best way to show

love.12、2002： Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an

essay entitled “Cultures---National and

International”

In the essay you should 1.describe the picture and interpret its

meaning, and 2.give your comments on the phenomenon.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER

SHEET II.An American girl in traditional Chinese costume 13、2003： Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write

an essay about 200 words based on the following 1.describe the set of drawings and interpret

its meaning 2.point out its implications in our life.14、2004： Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an

essay in which you should 1.describe the drawing.2.interpret its meaning, and 3.support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER

SHEET 2.15、2005： Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the

following drawing.In your essay ,you should first

describe the drawing the interpret its meaning，and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20

points)

16：2006：

Directions: Study the following photos carefully

and write an essay in which you should 1）describe the photos briefly;

2）interpret the social phenomenon reflected

by them，3）give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER

SHEET 2.(20 points)

圖一：把崇拜寫在臉上。

圖二：花300元做個“小

貝”頭。

注：Beckham（貝克漢姆）：英國足球明星。17、2007： Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the

following drawing.In your essay, you should 1)describe the drawing briefly, 2)explain its intended meaning, and then

3)support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20

points)

四、考研論說文框架結構：3段、12句、160－200詞、5－

7關聯詞、5－7從句

第四節 兩圖寫作

一、考研論說文框架結構：

（一）第一段：圖畫描述，3句

1、總體描述：人物/動物/事物＋動作/服裝＋環境/

表情，1句

2、挖掘細節詞、串連成句：1－2句

3、文字說明/象征寓意：1句

（二）第二段：意義闡釋，5句

1、主題句：象征寓意，1句

2、論證：3句

1）基礎一般的同學：（1）講原因：（2）講故事：

（3）聯系現實：圖畫作文創作原則（以小見大，把握

象征寓意，個體想為群體，具體想為抽象）2）基礎較好的同學：

（1）五大角度：背景、事實、反方觀點、原因、后果（2）六種手段：因果、分類、定義解釋、統計事實、舉例、正反論證

3、小結：1句

（三）第三段：建議措施，4句

1、結論句：1句

2、針對雙方提建議：2句

3、包裝結尾、展望未來：1句

二、啟承轉合：

（一）啟：啟動觀點、開篇點題

（二）承：觀點承接、正面論證

1、First(ly), In the first place, First and

foremost, Above all, On the one hand, For one

thing，2、Second(ly), In the second place, Besides，In addition, What is more, Furthermore, Moreover，On the other hand, For another

3、Third(ly),(The)Last but not(the)least，More importantly, Even worse，（三）轉：觀點轉折、反面論證

Conversely, Nevertheless, Unfortunately, Whereas，Yet, Instead, In/By comparison/contrast, On the

contrary

（四）合：文章結尾、合并歸納 As a result/consequence, Consequently，Accordingly, Thus, Hence, Generally/Briefly

speaking，三、兩圖寫作

（一）2003范文：

The set of drawings above vividly depicts the

destiny of a flower in different circumstances.As

is shown in the first cartoon, the flower is

placed in a comfortable greenhouse which shelters

it from the threatening lightening and storm.With

proper temperature, moisture and fertilizer, the

flower is growing in full bloom.On the contrary，when removed from the greenhouse and exposed to

the driving rain, the flower soon fades and withers, with the petals cast about on the

grounds.To begin with, the purpose of the drawings is to

show us that the flower growing in the green house

cannot withstand the test of the storm, yet the

symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken

more seriously.The delicate flower is naturally

associated with young people, to be specific, the

only children in our current society;the

greenhouse epitomizes parents’ doting care and

abundant material supplies that can shield the

children from the storms, or the harsh reality.Once the young people begin to seek independence

and accept challenges from the real world, they

are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the

face of difficulties.Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive

implications from these thought-provoking

drawings.On the one hand, we can frequently use

them to enlighten the youth to be more independent

in life.On the other hand, parents should be

sensible enough to give their children more

freedom to deal with troubles and problems.Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in

adversity can young people cultivate strong

personality and ability, and only in this way can

they become winners in this competitive world.（二）2006高分作文： 1、18分作文樣例一

The photos vividly depict that nowadays many

people, especially, young fellows are tracing such

fashion.The first one signed the name of Beckham

on his left face, while the second one asked the

hairdresser to copy the hair style of Beckham with

about 300 yuan.Both of them are typical fans of

the well-known British football player－Beckham.This kind of social phenomenon is not entirely a

coincidence.There are reasons accounting for this

fashion.Firstly, with the rapid development of

society, some people feel dull and desperate about

the reality, so they desire to find some famous

people as their idols.In the way, they feel

satisfied with their life and have a goal to

achieve.Secondly, just opposite to the above，others are just fashion tracers.They barely want

to show that they are keeping step with the

fashion.Thirdly, some people even don’t have any special purpose but to do it as others.In their

deep heart, they don’t treat it as fashion but as

fun.Frankly speaking, this social phenomenon is very

dangerous to the whole society.Some young men

spend most of their time decorating themselves as

their idols.As a result, they don’t have enough

time to study or work, then they are always left

behind.Moreover, it is harmful to the

establishment of a harmonious society.To draw a conclusion, we don’t deny that people

should have their idols to admire, but in a

sensible way.They can learn from what they have

achieved and try to behave that way.And also

parents should give proper advice to their

children to form a proper outlook of the world.第五節 一圖寫作

一、兩圖寫作：

（二）2006高分作文： 2、18分作文樣例二

More and more young people are increasingly

influenced by foreign culture.As can be clearly

seen from the above picture, a young gentleman

puts “Beckham” on his face.Another decently

dressed young gentleman is willing to pay 300 yuan

to have his hair made in his favorite style.It is

clear that the picture implies a common phenomenon

in our society today: more and more people，especially the young, are endlessly chasing

popular things, disregarding the cost that they

must pay.There are at least three good reasons for this

phenomenon.In the first place, the spreading of

foreign culture in our country in recent years may

be the main reason.Secondly, many young people in

our modern society have an open mind.Consequently, they are willing to accept new

things.Last but not least, a lot of people have

become richer and richer.As a result, they can

pay for the expense to do that kind of things.There may be other reasons, but it is generally

believed that the above mentioned reasons are

commonly acceptable.As far as I am concerned, the spreading of foreign

culture in our society is not a bad thing.But as

a popular saying goes, every thing has two sides.This phenomenon is without exception.My

suggestion as to the best way to cope with the

problem is as follows.On the one hand, people

should take a proper attitude toward this

phenomenon.On the other hand, our society is

expected to appeal to the general public to resist

its bad effect.I am sure that my opinion is both

sound and well-grounded.二、英語全攻略：

（一）培養興趣：

1、聽說方面：

1）英文歌曲：

2）原版影視：

2、讀寫方面：

1）女生：Romeo and Juliet, Jean Eyre，Love Story

2）男生：Bible, Ancient Greek and Roman

Mythology, The Old Man and the Sea

（二）掌握方法：“精”

1、聽力：聽寫

2、口語：跟讀＋模仿

3、閱讀：背誦

4、寫作：中譯英 三、一圖寫作

（一）1998高分作文： 1、14分作文樣例一：

The past several years have witnessed a phenomenon

that a variety of promises have been arising from

all walks of life.Regretably, quite a lot of

promises are sheer nonsense, just as the hen in

the given cartoon commits herself to lay eggs

which are round without any angles and corners and have shells, egg whites and yolks.Odds and funny as they sound, such false

promises can be seen and heard everywhere in our

country.Administration departments assure to

perform their tasks effectively and fairly without

taking any bribes;manufacturing units guarantee

to turn out products of good quality;commercial

enterprises swear to provide genuine commodities

and polite and enthusiastic services.Can you find

anything new and substantial other than their

obligations, duties and jobs in these so called

promises? I guess your answer will be negative.As

a matter of fact, their intention to make such

commitments is nothing but to put on civilized

outer clothing to please or deceive the public.I dare say that your society is suffering

corruption and cheat which are causing damage to

society both materially and morally.But the hen

and her like should know that by dishonest words

no one can survive the intense competition under

market economy system.They should remember the

old saying, “Honesty is the best policy”.2、14分作文樣例二：

Here is an interesting cartoon: With her head held high, maybe singing, a hen stands

proudly in the center of the picture with a notice

in hand.It says: “Firstly, I promise that the

eggs I lay are absolutely round without any square

corners.Secondly, they all have shells and cores.” It’s so ridiculous that we can’t help

laughing.But after that there must be something

left.Recently, many promises have come up in

many walks of life, especially the service

departments.They promise you that they will

provide you with warm smile service and good

products.AT first you are moved nearly to thank

them.But if you think twice, you may wonder if

those should be their duties.It goes without

saying that factories should produce goods of

quality, department stores should serve customers

politely, buses should arrive on time, and so

forth, because all of these are their

responsibilities.But why should they promise what

are their due jobs? One reason may be that they

want to correct their past mistakes under the

planned economic system.Another is that they

intend to improve their images and please the

customers.In my opinion, trying to be better is

worth welcoming, but making empty and false

promises is unacceptable.If factories, companies，stores and administrations do their jobs wee

rather than talk nonsense, our society will be

more prosperous.（二）2002高分作文： 1、20分作文樣例：參見考研寫作教材P.53(1)(1)This is a very interesting picture of a

lovely American girl dressed in traditional

Chinese costume with a sweet smile on her face.She wears a pearl necklace, colorful ribbon, ear

rings, and other decorating things that are

characteristic of the clothes of a Chinese

minority nationality.It is obvious that as a

result of our open-door policy, more and more

foreigners visit China and become interested in

our national culture, which is making it go

international.There is no reason to make a fuss about

this phenomenon.With the rapid development of

technology and economy, the world is becoming

smaller and smaller, and international cultural

exchanges have become more and more frequent，which is inevitably improving our mutual

understanding and friendship with other countries.As Chinese citizens, we should respect our

own national culture and learn useful things from

the cultures of different nations, which will

enable us to make great progress in many ways.I

believe a happy and bright future is awaiting us

if we make every effort to promote cultural

development both nationally and internationally.2、18分作文樣例：參見考研寫作教材P.53(2)(2)Nowadays, “national culture or

international culture” has become a matter of

great concern for the general public in our

society, especially for those who are confronted

with this problem.Now let’s take a look at the

American girl in traditional Chinese costume.She

looks very beautiful with a nice smile on her

face.It seems that the girl is very fond of the

Chinese costume.Obviously, the picture indicates that a

culture of one nation may become international，which is beneficial to all the human beings.Since

China has opened its door widely to the outside

world, many people from different countries want

to visit China.They will accept and love the

Chinese culture as a whole.In addition, Chinese

culture should be well shared with foreign people

who have shown their great interest in it.Meanwhile, the Chinese people are also exposed to

foreign cultures when more foreign people come to

China.In this way people from various nations in

the world will be able to acquire better

understanding of each other and live peacefully in

this world.My opinion about this cultural phenomenon

is that a national culture should become

international.This is because the culture of any

nation is a kind of precious heritage, and belongs

to the whole mankind.（三）2004高分作文： 2、18分作文樣例：

As is shown in the picture, on arriving at the

finishing line of a race on the playground, the

lovely young man has to continue his new journey

in no time instead of stopping to take a rest.He

has successfully settled the puzzle of “stopping

or going on” which might have confused many

others.With the increasing pace of modern life, perhaps

no change has characterized the past decase more

dramatically than that of people’s view on their

own life.It is generally agreed upon that people

have to adjust themselves to this new change.On

the one hand, no doubt, people will gain a lot by

setting new goals in their daily life.take the

famous scientist Thomas Edison for example.He had

done very well in his early life, but continued to

pursue something more difficult all through his

life.On the other hand, if one is obsessed with

the success he has achieved, he would lose the

chance to pursue new success.What is more, he may

become the slave of his success.There are many

cases showing that people lose their courage to

better themselves after becoming successful.To sum up, one’s view on his success determines

his future.In my opinion, it is necessary to

carry out a nation-wide campaign publicizing

people who have a burning desire for more and ever

greater achievement when they are already well-

known.So that people in the society will develop

a forward-looking attitude and make their life

worth living and the world more beautiful as well.第六節 圖表作文一、一圖寫作：

（三）2004高分作文： 2、16分作文樣例：參見考研寫作教材P.65(1)(1)The cartoon depicts a vivid picture in

which an athlete, dripping sweat, is rushing to

the end.Obviously, he wins the match, but this is

not the key message conveyed by the picture.The

most striking feature of the drawing is that the

same line is marked as both “the start” and

“the end”, which indicates that although the

athlete came to the finish, a new race is waiting

for him.The idea conveyed by the cartoon is

apparent: the end is a new start.It is widely

accepted that we should not be satisfied with the

present achievement, for nowadays new challenges

and competition never stop.The market economy and

competitive society drives many people studying

hard for higher academic degrees, some of them

even seeking the opportunities to study abroad.We

should spare no efforts improving ourselves，master high technology and professional skills.The we can make use of it to devote ourselves to

society.Take my father as an example.He was

denied higher education for historical reasons.But by self-study he became a technician in a

factory.Many people thought he was content.But

he never stopped studying.He took courses of law

in his spare time.Later he became a lawyer.“The

finishing point is just a new starting point”, he

said to me.二、鉆石句型： 第一段

（一）現狀說明：

1.When asked about…, most people believe

that…, but other people consider it differently.2.When it comes to…, people’s opinions differ.Some hold the opinion that…, while others claim

that….3.There is no consensus of opinions among

people as to the role of ….Some people claim that…, while others believe that….4.There is a general discussion today about

the issue of ….Those who criticize … argue that

?.They believe that ….But people who advocate

?, on the other hand, argue that….5.Most are of the opinion that….But I

personally believe that….6.Now people in growing numbers are beginning

to realize that….7.Now, it is generally acknowledged that…，but I doubt whether….（二）圖表描述

1.In 1990, it increased/decreased from … to

?.2.By comparison with 1998, it

increased/decreased by …

3.The figure has nearly doubled, compared

with that of last year.4.It has increased/decreased almost three

times, compared with ….5.The number is twice as much as that of

1990.6.It accounts for … percent of the total.7.The number was …, less/more than a

half/third/quarter of the 1990 total.第二段

（一）原因列舉

1.The phenomenon/change in … mainly

results/arises from the fact that … 2.One may regard the phenomenon as a sign

of/ response to …

3.There are many causes/reasons for the

dramatic growth/decrease.Firstly, … Secondly, …

Finally, …

4.A number of factors can account for the

change in …

5.Another contributory factor of … is … 6.Why are/do/did …? For one thing, … For

another, … Perhaps the primary reason is … 7.… is also responsible for the

rise/decrease in …

（二）觀點陳述

1.The advantages of A outweigh any benefit

we gain from B.2.Good as A is, it has its own

disadvantages.For one thing, it …;for another，it …

3.Although A has

enormous/substantial/considerable advantage over

B, it cannot compete with B in …

4.A’s advantage sounds ridiculous/means

nothing when B’s advantage are considered.（三）利弊說明

1.Although a lot of people believe that …，I doubt/wonder whether the argument bears much

analysis/close examination.2.As opposed to widely held ideas, I argue

that …

3.Although the popular belief/idea is that

?, a current study/survey indicates that …

4.They may be right about …, but they seem

to neglect/fail to mention the fact that …

5.Although it widely accepted that …, it is

unlikely to be true that …

6.It is true that …, but this is not to say

that …

7.There is absolutely no reason for us to

accept/resist that …

8.What these people fail to

understand/consider/mention is that …

9.You may say that … It probably will.But

?

10.It is one thing to believe that …, but it

is quite another to say that …

（四）舉例論證

1.Numerous examples can be given, but

this/these will suffice.2.I can think of no better illustration than

the following one(s).3.This case effectively clarify the fact

that …

4.This story tells that …

第三段

（一）歸納結論

1.From what has been discussed above, we may

safely draw the conclusion that … 2.All the evidence supports an unshakable

conclusion that …

3.It is high time that we placed great

emphasis on …

4.It is high time that we put an end to the

undesirable phenomenon of …

5.There is no denying that further attention

must be paid to the problem of …

（二）建議措施

1.It is necessary that effective actions

should be taken to prevent the situation.2.Hence, it is imperative for us to take

drastic measures/steps.3.We should appeal to the authorities to

make strict laws to control this problem.4.We should enhance/cultivate the awareness

of people that this issue is vital for us.5.Only in this way can we solve the problem.6.I believe we humans can overcome this

difficulty and we will have a brighter future.三、圖表作文

（一）黃金句型：參見考研寫作教材P.72“描寫圖表句型

”

描寫圖表句型

1.the

...2.The

that…

3.From the

given in the ，we can

that…

4.The

of … ，of last year.5.The

, compared with…

6.The

is

of 1990.7.The

was X percent，of the 1998 total.8.By comparison with 1990, it

than

9.It has

10.It accounts for 15 percent of the total.11.By 1998，12.A has

B

13.A has

the same

of

as…

14.… there

in

.15.The number of…

16.There

March，17.that is the

rate in history.18.The

remained

19.The

reached

20.The figure

percent, the highest

level ever recorded since 1960

（二）經典范文： 1、2001大綱樣題： Directions:

Wide spread tobacco consumption has led to grave

consequences, yet the tobacco companies are still

claiming that they make a valuable contribution to

the world economy.There is a discussion in the newspaper on the

above two viewpoints.Write an essay to the newspaper 1)Criticizing the view of the tobacco

company and 2)Justifying your stand.In your essay, make full use of the information

provided in the pictures printed below.The majority of people would agree that cigarette

smoking has cause serious problems.Yet the

tobacco corporations insist that they contribute

greatly to the world economy by paying taxes to

the government and employing hundreds of workers.Personally, I assume that cigarette production and

consumption threatens to do more harm than good.To begin with, smoking is responsible for many

fatal diseases such as lung cancer, heart attacks，to name only a few.According to the recent

survey, tobacco consumers account for about 20% of

the world population, and among them, three million people die from smoking-related illnesses

every year.The fact that the output of tobacco

production is reduced from 14.364 billion pounds

in 1994 to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995 also

indicates that people have come to realize the

negative effects of smoking.In addition, tobacco

consumption is extremely wasteful of money.As is

indicated in the pictures, 200 billion US dollars

is due to smoking every year.Obviously, the total

loss of money around the globe substantially

exceeds the gain in industry.In conclusion, as the economic development aims at

making our life better, we cannot sacrifice our

health for short-term financial benefits.If we

have to spend more and ore money providing medical

services for those who suffer from smoking-related

illnesses, the notion of promoting economy via

tobacco production is not justifiable.It is high

time that we fought for the total tobacco ban.2、表格圖：

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30

minutes to write a composition on the topic

Statistics in People’s Daily Expenses in Xi’an.You should write at least 120 words and base your

composition on the outline below:

1、Describe the changes indicated in the

table.2、The reasons for the change.3、Make predictions about the future

tendency.1995

1996 1997 1998 1999(%)Food

Clothing Recreation 4 Others

Total 100

`100

What is shown in the table above indicates that

dramatic changes have taken place in the daily

expenses in Xi’an from 1995 to 1999.The expenses

on food have declined by 30% while those on

clothing and recreation have increased

respectively by 9% and 7%.The statistics of rise

and fall seem to exist in isolation but closely

related to each other.There are two factors accounting for these

changes.Development in economy is an essential

one in five years.The increased income resulting

from economic growth plays a vital role in the less expense on food.Hence, a small percentage of

total income is enough to cover food expenses.Another one is the changes in life style.When

food presents no worry to the average, people

begin to focus more of their interest on handsome

appearance and happy leisure time.As a result of

such a shift, spending on clothing and recreation

increases year by year.From the analyses made above, we may come to the

conclusion that people’s living standards in Xi’

an have been constantly improved between 1995 and

1999.With the further growth in economy and more

changes in life style, the tendency indicated in

the table will continue in the better direction.（三）高分作文： 1、1997：

1）14分作文樣例一：參見考研寫作教材P.27（1）(1)We meet smokers everywhere: in the

streets, on college campuses and in shops.There

are 5.8 billion people in the world, and the

smokers are about 1.1 billion, which makes up 20

percent of the world’s total population.Smoking is very harmful.I think there are two main aspects to the damage.First, smoking

consumes a great deal of money.As is shown in the

pictorial graph, smoking wastes 200 billion

dollars, and it is the main cause of lung cancer.About 3 million people die because of the relevant

diseases derived from smoking every year.Because more and more people are aware of the

great harm of smoking to humans, the amount of

tobacco consumption is on the decrease.Form the

following figures we can clearly see the tendency.The total amount of world tobacco production added

up to 14.364 billion pounds in 1994, but it

dropped to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995.At the

same time, many countries call on people to give

up smoking.So it is certain that the number of

smokers is to decrease.2）14分作文樣例一：參見考研寫作教材P.28（2）(2)From the above set of pictures, we can see

that there were a total of 14.364 billion pounds

of tobacco produced in 1994 and 14.2 billion

pounds in 1995.Because the amount of tobacco production is falling yearly, it can be predicted

that the tendency of tobacco consumption would

also be falling yearly.There are many reasons.Firstly, smoking wastes money.Every year there

are two hundred billion dollars “burnt” in the

cigarette “fire”, secondly, smoking would hardly

do people any good and it can even cause caner.Every year there are three million people “buried

” in the cigarette “tomb.”

Although tobacco consumption is falling，there are too many people who smoke.The

population in the world is 5.8 billion, but about

twenty percent of the population, that is to say

1.1 billion people smoke.So the situation is

serious and the movement against smoking is still

a difficult task.2、1999：14分作文樣例：參見考研寫作教材P.34（15-13 分）

From these graphs, we can draw a conclusion that，with the growth of human population, the number of

species has decreased rapidly in America, and some

species have even vanished from our planet.Why does this phenomenon appear? I think

there are several possible reasons for this.First, with a rapid growth of population, more and

more people came to live where some wild species

have been living.Then these species have to move

to other places.Some of them probably cannot

adapt to the new environment and die.Second，although many people look on the wildlife as their

friends, some people may not think so.They catch

a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to

get more money.Third, with the development of the

industry, the natural balance and the ecologic

environment are destroyed.The deforestation has

become more and more serious.So some of the

wildlives become homeless and extinct.In order to protect the wildlife, I have

some suggestions.First, the governments should

make laws to prevent them from being caught and

killed.Second, the governments should educate

people to love the nature and protect it.Third，as for ourselves, we should take practical actions

to protect our living environment.四、課后復習：

1、通讀教材、消化筆記：1－2月

2、十遍精讀、背誦、默寫、中譯英：12月前

3、總結框架、考前模考：1月

五、《紅塵巔》

天風搖我兮冷雨寒，壯觀四海兮入涯淵； 不到長城非好漢，瞬間屹此兩千年。心胸洞閃，獨立峰巔；

恍若漓江之清疊影，潔霧縹緲兮寂寞何方仙？ 問爾嬴家小兒何所有？只識捏泥弄瓦群丘間！

遠古莊公遨游紅塵間，攜與姑射神人意杳閑；

昔時俠士彈節擊劍易水寒，子昂驅馬愴然涕下于幽燕。況乃太虛幻境居夢阮，青蓮傲彼蜀道難！英雄美人今在安？何時夢想成真幻？ 單槍匹馬兮紅塵巔，吾欲起兮飆浩瀚！

第二篇：新東方考研英語寫作課堂筆記

考研寫作

Chapter 1

一、復習計劃

（一）考前復習

1、攻克詞匯（9月份之前Chapter5）

2、精研真題（94-09考研詞匯固定、詞組固定、句子結構固定）

第一遍：做題前儲備詞匯量

第二遍：研究真題（英譯漢）

第三遍：背誦，考研閱讀，完形填空

3、模擬考試（1-5套）

（二）寫作練習

10-20篇，考前1個月，必須30寫完一篇，小作文：05年辭職信，06年請求信 大作文（8）：99年圖表，00-06年圖畫

（三）時間分配

重點：閱讀A節（40分）；寫作（20分）

2點到5點考英語，考試時間分配：（抓大放?。?/p>

1）14：00-14：15寫作A節 2）14：15-14：50寫作B節 3）14：50-16：00閱讀A節 4）16：00-16：20完形填空

5）16：20-16：40閱讀B節

6）16：40-17：00閱讀C節（翻譯句子）

二、學習方法

（一）提高實力（70）步驟：

第一步：十遍精讀。（真題，經典范文）三大角度：

第一、語言（4遍）：

1精讀語言中的精彩詞匯（抄寫，造句）

2、牢記語言中的精彩詞組（抄寫、造句）

3、掌握語言中的精彩句型（抄寫、造句）

4、掌握語言中的句子結構。注意五點：

一、簡單句

二、從句，小作文3-5，大作文5-7個

三、時態：

考研作文以現在時為主，過去時：1)舉例論證2）圖表描述

將來時，第3段，最后一句話

四、冠詞（什么名詞前使用a、an、the）

五、主謂一致

第二、從結構方面（4遍）

1、每段主題句，論證、小結，邏輯結構

2、注意使用關聯詞：小3-5，大5-7

3、同義替換

4、代詞替換

第三、從內容方面（2遍）：注意兩點：

一、精彩觀點

二、原因建議

（二）掌握技巧：背誦考研真題

（滾瓜爛熟 脫口而出 多多益善）

提示：

1、造句

2、熟悉：脫口而出

3、默寫、對照原文（常犯的錯誤）

4、中譯英

5、寫作，模仿 總結框架三種方法：

一、從一篇范文總結

二、考研作文三段內容分別來自不同范文 三、三段的每一句話都來自不同范文

Chapter 3

一、要求

二、大綱解讀

1、應用文：

1）私人、公務信函（重點）business letter 2）備忘錄 memo memorandum 3）摘要 summary thesis abstract 摘要作文注意事項： 1）不要評論，不要照抄

2）不超過原文三分之一，可少不可多 4）報告 report :

1、調查報告

2、工作總結 考研英語寫作重點準備信函（公務60%）告示類：

2、大作文：

1）描寫文：圖畫描述、圖表描述。以空間順序展開（一般不會單獨出現97-06年七年圖畫，2年圖表）2）記敘文：以時間順序展開（一般不會單考01，04，舉例論證）3）說明文：表達或說明自己的觀點 4）議論文：論證或駁斥他人觀點 考研：4種文體一起考

3、語域：語言使用的范圍

包括 1）正式語言（為主）

2）非正式語言（避免使用）可以使用的文體：私人信函、私人告示、備忘錄

分為：（1）縮略形式

A． 縮寫：（避免）I’m，It’s，They’re，e.g（for exmple），i.e（that is），etc.（and so on）B． 省略：（公務信函避免，私人可用）（I am）Looking forward to your reply.（2）口語表達：by the way，as your know，well，hi，！（考研作文不要喊口號）

注：大作文、公務信函、報告、摘要、公共告示，應使用正式語言。

私人信函、私人告示、備忘錄

4、文體：英文文體分三類：

1）正式文體：大作文、公務信函、報告、摘要、公共告示 2）半正式文體：私人信函、私人告示、備忘錄

三、06、00

四、閱卷揭秘

1、印象原則 書寫公正、卷面整潔、字跡清晰（4級3秒6級5秒，考研2分鐘）三眼：（1）第一眼：是否把答題紙寫滿，或接近寫滿，是否三段？兩頭小，中間大

（2）第二眼：每段第一句是否主題句？第三段點出圖畫寓意。第三段是否主題句？建議措施

（3）第三眼：掃描查看。（積累句型）

2、字數原則 小作文100-120（一行10個字，10到12行）大作文160-200（16到20行）

3、句數原則

長短結合，以短句為主 簡潔就是美，不在于難詞，適當

小作文：一般7-10句話，3長4短

大作文：一般12句話，5長7短（短句10個詞，長15-20詞）

Chapter 4 語言第一位，結構第二位，內容第三位

一、語言的標準

1、簡介：寫想到的第二三個詞語，表達

廣泛的知識Extensive knowledge 猛烈的競爭fierce competition

2、豐富多變（英文表達首選句型）

例：“我認為” I hold the opinion that 其次詞組：I cling to the opinion that In my view，find out 再次詞匯

reckon

assume

assert 1）英文表達首選句型 “重要”：due(足夠的，充分的)attention has to be paid 考研英語要大量使用被動語態 Importance should be attached to 2）詞組

Be of utmost importance 3）詞匯

Vital

essential

crucial “越來越多的人”：people in mountain numbers 越來越Increasing student

二、結構

關聯詞：小，3-5個，大，5-7個

邏輯分段&情感分段：英文寫作是邏輯分段 作者交代&讀者領會：英文寫作是作者交代 迂回模式&直線模式：英文寫作是直線模式 《天涯~明月~刀》古龍 天涯遠不遠？ 不遠

人就在天涯，天涯怎么會遠？

明月是什么顏色的？

是藍的，就像海一樣藍，一樣深，一樣憂郁 明月在哪里？ 就在他的心里 刀呢？

刀就在他的手里 那是柄什么樣的刀？

他的刀如天涯般遼闊寂寞，如明月般皎潔憂郁，有時一刀揮出，又放佛是空的 英文：邏輯分段，作者交代，直來直去 考研作文：舉例論證

一）結構要求：啟承轉合

1、啟：啟動觀點，開篇點題

每段第一句，啟動整個段落

2、乘：觀點承接，正面論證

正面論證：

1）分類（第二段，2-3點，第三段，2點）

First and foremost , to begin with In addition

furthermore 2）因果

最強：Because

in that Since

as For 注：in 3）舉例

For instance A case in point that 一個恰當的例子是

3、轉：觀點轉折，反面論證

基礎好的可以反面論證

但是

Unfortunately

yet

whereas

4、合：文章結尾，合并歸納

三個地方：1）末段首句

2）二段

“因此 ”Hence

，accordingly

in conclusion

三、內容第三位

不要跑題

第三篇：新東方考研應用文寫作信件,便簽,備忘錄

2005年新東方考研英語網絡課堂應用文寫作手記 二 應用性短文的寫作方法： 應用性短文包括：信件（Letter）、便箋（Note）、備忘錄（Memo）信件：應用最廣，范圍較寬，可長可短、可正式可非正式、可寫給熟人亦可寫給組織團體 便箋：A note is just a short informal letter.便箋通常寫給認識的熟人或朋友，一般與信件類似，但格式更加非正式化——簡言之，即“短小的非正式信件”。3 備忘錄：A memo is a short official note written to another person in the same company or organization.——簡言之，即“短小的正式信件”。因此，最關鍵是要掌握對于“信件”的寫作方法！三 大綱對信件的評分標準： 信息點的覆蓋和內容的組織——即不可以遺漏任何題目所要求的內容，必須要做到全面； 語言的準確性——針對五類錯誤：語法錯誤、用詞錯誤、句子結構混亂、標點錯誤以及拼寫錯誤； 格式和語域的恰當——根據寫作針對的不同對象，可分為三個語域：正式語域、一般語域與非正式語域。特別指出：對于語法結構和詞匯的多樣性的要求將根據具體試題做調整（與議論文寫作相比較，其要求較低），并且允許考生使用提示語中出現過的關鍵詞，但不允許出現提示語中的詞組或整句。

四 書信作文的格式（the format of a letter）： 1 稱呼（salutation）①正式稱呼：

a.當寫信的對象為某團體、組織、機構或不知對方姓名的時候，一般是這種寫法：Dear Sir or(/)Madam, b.當寫信的對象為某領導、上司、老板或校長等上級的時候，一般是以下這種寫法：

Dear Mr.***（***代表姓）

Dear Ms.*** Dear Mrs.***（針對已婚婦女）②非正式稱呼：

當寫信的對象是朋友或熟人的時候，一般是這種寫法：Dear ***（***代表名字，即Given Name）2 主體（body）

要根據信件內容要求來進行細致劃分——但都講求開門見山、不繞彎子，大約寫7－8句話即可。一般題目會要求寫三個信息點，所以針對每個信息點可寫兩句話，最后寫兩句禮貌用語，即可完成整個信件寫作。3 落款（complimentary close）

根據寫信的對象不同，也劃分為兩大類： ①正式稱呼：

a.當寫信的對象為某團體、組織、機構或不知對方姓名的時候，一般是這種寫法：Yours faithfully, b.當寫信的對象為某領導、上司、老板或校長等上級的時候，一般是這種寫法：Yours sincerely, 注意：在美國英語中習慣寫為：Sincerely yours, 但考研英語對此不做如此細致的區分，即寫上述三種任一即可。

②非正式稱呼：當寫信的對象是朋友或熟人的時候，一般是以下這種寫法： Kind regards, Best wishes, 當然還可以有更多的寫法，如：With best wishes, 或All the best, 但常用的為以上兩種。簽名（signature）

根據考研英語樣題，一律要求寫Li Ming 五 語域要求（register）： 根據寫作對象確定語域，即決定是采用正式還是非正式的語域。一般地說，正式書信傾向于采用正式的表達法，而口語信則傾向于非正式表達法。

例如：非正式的表達法：Let me know if you can come for the meeting next Wednesday.正式的表達法：Please kindly inform us of your availability for the meeting to be held next Wednesday.再如：非正式的表達法：How about coming down to stay with us for weekend?

正式的表達法：We would like to invite you for a weekend.或 We would appreciate it if you could come for the weekend.2 區分正式與非正式表達法的標志之一是看是否有省略（非正式表達法多用省略，而正式表達法反之）。例如：正式的表達法：I would like you to come to my office to pick up the ticket.（一般是指寫給上級領導、合作伙伴等）

非正式的表達法：Come to my office for a ticket.（一般是指寫給非常親密的朋友）區分正式與非正式表達法的另一標志是看是否有縮略（非正式表達法多用縮略，而正式表達法反之）。

例如：正式的表達法：I would like to...非正式的表達法：I’d like to...六 書信內容的完整：

這是書信作文中最重要的部分。要根據題目所提供的情景和所要求寫的信息點，在行文中完整無缺地逐一進行交待。要注意，不可直接抄襲題目中的原詞組或句子，至多可以使用幾個核心詞。

七 以樣題為例，詳解書信作文的寫法： Directions: You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books.Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for: 1)detailed information about the books you want, 2)methods of payment, 3)time and way of delivery.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address.(10 points)第一步：尋找關鍵詞。（見題干標注）第二步：思考寫作的架構。

一般而言，完成整個信件的寫作需要約15分鐘左右時間，可以先用2分鐘進行審題。用11－12分鐘行文，用1－2分鐘檢查。即寫每一句話約用1分鐘時間。稱呼：由于寫作對象是書店的銷售部門，因此可以寫為：Dear Sir or Madam, 語域：正式語體。盡量避免使用縮略語或省略句。主體： 開頭有兩種寫法：

第一種可以開門見山，直接說出自己的目的。如：I am writing this letter to ask for...第二種可以先交待一下背景，然后說出自己的目的。如：I will take CET-6 next December and quality test preparation materials are essential to success in the test.2 接著交待自己寫信的意圖和目的，可以有如下寫法：

I want to know.../ I wonder if.../ I would like to know.../ Would it be possible for you to...對于該樣題，可以這樣接上文：

I wonder if you have the following books: 或I would like to know if you have the following books: 或 Would it be possible for you to tell me about the availability of the following books: 3 由于要交待書的詳細信息，所以至少要寫清楚書名，如果可能，盡量寫一下出版社。對于該樣題，可以這樣接上文： I wonder if you have the following books: a vocabulary book covering the 5,800 words for the CET-6 test as well as past test papers with keys and model essays and a Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, which I can turn to for help./in which I can look up for new words.4 繼續寫題目要求的關于付款方式的內容。對于該樣題，可以有兩種表達接上文： 其一：Besides how do I pay for these books? 或 How should I pay for these books?——By cash or by other means? 必須要注意：英文寫作非常強調連貫性，因此可以用一些代詞或連接詞使得句意連貫。如這句話中的Besides和these都是發揮了聯系上下文的作用。另外還有許多表示補充、附加的關聯詞，如：in addition / additionally / moreover / furthermore / 其二：I would also like to know if you accept payment by credit card.If it is inconvenient, I will pay by cash.5 繼續寫題目要求的關于寄遞時間和方式的內容。對于該樣題，可以這樣接上文： Finally, if I order these books now, when can I get them? How will these books be delivered to my house?

或Finally, if I order(定購）these books now, when is the earliest time I can get them? How will these books be mailed/delivered to my house?

或Finally, if I order these books now, when is the earliest time I can get them and how will these books be sent to my house? 6 按照英語信件的慣例，在信件最后要有一個禮貌的結尾（a polite ending）?？梢杂腥缦聦懛ǎ?I would appreciate it if you could give me a reply as soon as possible.或 I should be grateful if you could give me an early reply.落款和簽名：Sincerely yours, Li Ming 完整的樣題格式及內容如下： Dear Sir or Madam, I will take CET-6 next December and quality test preparation materials are essential to success in the test.I wonder if you have the following books: a vocabulary book covering the 5,800 words for the CET-6 test as well as past test papers with keys and model essays and a Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, which I can turn to for help.Besides how do I pay for these books? ——By cash or by other means? Finally, if I order these books now, when can I get them? How will these books be delivered to my house? I would appreciate it if you could give me a reply as soon as possible.Sincerely yours, Li Ming 九 對于其他類型信件寫作的準備： 1 投訴信（a letter of complaint）：

可以這樣開頭：I am writing this letter to complain about...或I am writing this letter to bring...into your attention.或I am writing concerning...如I am writing concerning the food quality and service of the students’cafeteria.注意要把投訴內容用陳述句方式表達出來（擺事實，講道理）。2請求信（a letter of request）： 與詢問信的區別在于：詢問信著重詢問一些客觀的事實，而請求信則涉及要麻煩到對方。

比如：給出以下場景，寫出一封請求信：你在學校圖書館借了三本書，現在還書的規定時間已經到了。但由于你生病沒有辦法按時還送。所以需要寫一封請求信，請求圖書館允許你晚幾天還書并且不要罰款。（晚還書overdue 罰款fine）可以這樣開頭：

I am writing concerning the three books due today.Unfortunately, I caught a flu/ I caught a cold...I should be grateful if you could allow me to return the books several days later than the appointed time.3 求職信（a letter of application）： 比如去應聘秘書，可以這樣開頭：

I am writing concerning the position of secretary in your company.或I am writing to apply for the post of secretary advertised in China Daily yesterday.講明自己如何勝任（qualify for）這個職位：包括自身性格特點以及以前的工作經驗等。

禮貌的結尾可以這樣寫：

I am looking forward to your reply.I would appreciate it if you could give me an interview.或I am waiting to meet you in person.十一 備忘錄和便條的寫法： 便條與書信沒有任何本質差異，唯一的區別在于：便條更加非正式一點（一般都是寫給親密朋友的）。

可以直接稱呼名字。如：dear Jone, 或Jone, 禮貌的結尾以及落款都可以省略掉，直接寫簽名即可。2 備忘錄的本質也是書信，是一般寫給同事的一種正式簡短的信，常常是有關工作事宜等。其格式如下： To: 李四 From: 張三

Date: September 15, 2004 Subject: Request / Inquiry / Congratulations 以下與書信的主體部分完全一樣，省略掉禮貌的結尾、落款和簽名。

第三部分 事務信函（三篇）8.咨詢信

A letter of Inquiry You wish to study at a certain foreign university.Write a letter inquiring about the situation there as regards accommodation, fees and qualifications.Dear Sir I am a Chinese citizen who wishes to study at your university.My plan is to start my course next term, and I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me with certain essential information.First, what qualifications do I need to follow a course of study at your university? I already have a master’s degree from a university here in China, but I wonder if there are any further academic requirements.Second, how much are the tuition fees? Although I intend to be self – supporting, I would be interested to hear if there are any scholarships available for international students.Third, what is the situation as regards accommodation? I would prefer a single room, which is more conducive to studying, but if single rooms are expensive, I would be willing to share.I look forward to your reply, and to attending your esteemed institution.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

9.請求信

A Letter of Request You find that your study load is too heavy.Write a letter to your college teacher explaining why you need to withdraw from two courses.Ask if it is possible to obtain a refund.Dear Prof.James，I am writing to formally request to withdraw from two courses: Introduction to Elementary Education(EDU 602)and Teaching Methods(EDU 619).The main reason for reducing my course load is that I am finding it extremely difficult to manage six courses.In the beginning of the term, I was perhaps overly optimistic about juggling both my full – time studies and my part – time job(20 hours/week).Because I really must work part time, I have no other choice but to decrease my course load.I am planning on taking the two courses during the summer semester, if they are available, so that I will be able to complete all the courses for the degree program by the following year.I would also like to request a tuition refund, and hope I am not too late to receive the full reimbursement.I am sorry for any inconveniences I have caused by this change in plans.This decision was not taken lightly, and I do appreciate the king consideration you have shown to me.Thank you for your attention to these requests.If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at 277-9144.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours, Jane Carter

10．建議信

A Letter of Advice/Suggestion You have a friend who is about to enter university, and he wants you to advise him on which subject to specialize in – history, in which he is very interested, or computer science, which offers better job prospects.Dear John, You have asked me for my advice concerning whether you should study history or computer science at university, and I will try to make some useful suggestions.You must keep in mind that, above all, your university training is a preparation for your future career.Therefore, your first consideration should be to study a subject which will best equip you to earn a living.There is no doubt that the field of computers offers far job opportunities than history.Besides, we are now in the age of the highliterate, it will also be necessary for them to be equipped with computer skills merely to earn a living!History, I'm afraid, however fascinating it may be, offers few career prospects.Of course, you don't have to devote all your time at university to studying computers and nothing else.On the contrary, I would recommend that you keep up your reading of history in your spare time.That way, you will find that your leisure hours are enriched while you prepare yourself for a worthwhile career in computers.Yours sincerely, James

第四篇：考研英語寫作用詞-新東方(總結版)

考研英語寫作

四大話題：

社會熱點、教育文化、人生哲理、環保

一、社會熱點 1,健康

生理健康 心理健康 體育鍛煉 保持樂觀 悲觀

均衡飲食 亞健康 公共衛生 心態

垃圾食品 節食

減肥

仔細思考 physical health/fitness mental health do physical exercise keep optimistic pessimistic well-balanced diet sub-health public health state of mind junk food go on a diet lose weight weigh in the mind 提供醫療服務 provide medical 旅行社 犧牲健康 全面禁煙 travel service sacrifice one’s health total tobacco ban 疾病

慢性病 傳染病 illnesses/diseases chronic diseases infections diseases 2,兩代關系

尋求獨立 代溝

彌合代溝 相互理解 誤解

贍養父母 贍養

照顧

虐待

老齡化社會 人口老齡化 老年人 奉行孝道 seek independence generation gap bridge the gap mutual understanding misunderstanding support one’s parents financially support take care of/look after mistreat/maltreat aging society population aging the aged/ the elderly practice filial piety 3,職業道德

呼吁

投訴信 職業道德 偽劣產品 欺詐

誠信 appeal to，the service industry letter of complain professional ethics shoddy products fraudulent activity honesty 學術腐敗 抄襲

食品安全 建筑質量 地溝油 毒奶粉 食品添加劑 不公平競爭 激烈競爭 管理部門 監管機構 廠家

漠視法律 推卸責任 消費者權益 academic corruption plagiarism food safety construction quality gutter oil poisonous milk powder food additive unfair competition fierce competition the administration regulator manufacturer ignore the laws/regulation shift blame onto others consumers’ rights and interests 4,愛心，社會公德

義賣

公德

傳統美德 責任

責任感 承擔責任 逃避責任 奉獻 charity sale public/social morals/morality traditional virtue duty/responsibility sense of responsibility shoulder/assume/undertake one’s duty/responsibility avoid/shirk one’s duty/responsibility devote/dedicate/devotion/dedication 無私奉獻 信任危機 經濟危機 selfless devotion trust crisis economic crisis 不道德的行為 immoral behavior 希望工程 慈善機構 捐款 Project Hope charity donate/donation 貧困鄉村地區 poor rural areas 赤貧

尊老愛幼 吐痰

喧嘩 in sheer poor respect the old and care the young spit everywhere making noise/talk loudly

二、教育文化 5,教育、畢業選擇

畢業生 面臨畢業 求職

考研

出國

創業

走向世界 研究生會 學士

碩士 college graduates upon graduation finding a job/seeking employment pursuing master degree studying overseas/abroad running one’s own business becoming international the postgraduates’ association bachelor’s degree master’s degree 博士

獲得學位 幼兒園 小學

中學

中等教育 高等教育 大學生 教授

系

相關部門 專業

教學設施 食堂

宿舍

圖書館 選修課 必修課 學雜費 終身教育 素質教育 全面教育 應試教育 義務教育 doctoral degree obtain/receive degree kindergarten /nursery/elementary school primary school middle school/high school secondary education higher education college student/graduate professor department departments concern major teaching facility dining hall dormitory library elective course compulsory course tuition fees and other expenses lifelong education essential-quality-oriented education education for all-round development exam-oriented education compulsory education 理論知識 實踐技能 獲得知識 信息時代 theoretical knowledge practical skills acquire knowledge information era/age 知識爆炸時代 era of knowledge explosion 逃課 skip class 學習成績優異 outstanding academic performance 學習氣氛 開闊眼界 激發興趣 開發潛能 減負

兼職

入學

輟學

完成學業 招生

錄取

申請入學 著名學校 高考

就業市場 雇主

雇員 learning atmosphere broaden/expand one’s horizons stimulate one’s interest tap one’s potential reduce study load work part-time start school drop out of school finishing school recruitment enrollment apply for admission to prestigious/esteemed university college entrance exam job market employer employee 6,流行文化 追星/低頭族/網絡

流行文化 popular culture 廣告無處不在 pervasive advertisement 申請目前職位 apply for your recently advertised position 偶像崇拜 上網成癮 沉迷于 虛擬生活 網上交友 網上購物 網絡監督 網絡暴力 實名制 不負責言論 彩票

網絡游戲 數碼產品 手機短信 手機入網 idol worship internet/web addiction indulge in=overindulgence virtual life making friends online online shopping internet supervision online violence real-name system irresponsible remarks lottery ticket internet game digital products text message mobile phone subscription 7,中西文化

傳統文化 文化交流 traditional Chinese culture cultural exchange 文化融合 cultural fusion/blending/integration 儒家 Confucianism 佛教 Buddhism 道教 Taoism 京劇 Peking Opera 功夫 kung-fu 書法 Chinese calligraphy 仁 義 禮 智 信 Goodness/Benevolence Righteousness Politeness/Ritual Wisdom Trust Western culture Enlightenment humanism post-modernism deconstruction Butterfly Love the melting pots multi-cultures /pluralistic/mosaic cultures cultural diversity preserve and cherish select the essence and discard the dross promote cultural development Buddha 西方文化 啟蒙運動 人本主義 后現代主義 解構主義 梁祝

大熔爐 多遠文化 文化多元化 保護并珍視

取其精華去其糟粕 促進文化發展 輝煌燦爛的文化遺產 glorious and splendid cultural heritage 與時俱進 跨文化交流 文化差異 文化傳統 人類文明 精神文明 主流文化 解讀經典 莎士比亞 愛因斯坦 keep pace with the times cross-cultural/intercultural communication cultural difference cultural tradition human civilization spiritual civilization mainstream culture interpretation of classics Shakespeare Einstein

三、8,人生哲理類

不斷努力 堅持不懈 樂觀/悲觀 保持樂觀 溺愛

獨生子女 make constant efforts/never stop making progress persistence optimism pessimism keeping a good mood dote on/ spoil only child 獨生子女政策 one-child policy 激烈競爭 啃老族 不勞而獲 不斷努力 決不放棄 fierce competition boomerang kids reap without sowing make constant efforts never give up 絕不停止取得進步 never stop making progress 獲得成功 創新

勤奮

奮斗精神 拼搏精神 人生觀 世界觀 出國

就業

創業 achieve success innovation diligence striving spirit determined spirit outlook on life outlook on the world study abroad/overseas employment start one’s own business 積極的態度 positive attitude 齊心協力 團隊精神 高估困難 低估能力 謙虛 joint efforts team spirit exaggerate/overestimate difficulties underestimate one’s abilities modesty

四、9,環境保護

滿足要求 目的漫畫家 攝影師 反面

捕魚船 meet needs purpose/aim/intention cartoonist photographer counter fishing-boat 海洋資源 環境保護 ocean resources environmental protection 提高環保意識 enhance the awareness of environmental protection 保持生態平衡 maintain ecological balance 保持面對面的溝通 maintain face-to-face contact 生態系統 自然保護區 ecosystem nature reserve sustainable development strategy pleasant environment 可持續發展戰略 宜人的生活環境 節能

減排 save energy reduce greenhouse gas emissions slow down the rate of resource 降低資源消耗率 環保產品 全球變暖 低碳經濟 environment-friendly product global warming low carbon economy clean and renewable energy sources 清潔可再生能源 核能

太陽能 nuclear energy solar energy 大功率電器 high-power electrical appliance 二氧化碳 氣候變化 環境惡化 毀林

過度開采 carbon dioxide climate change environment deterioration deforestation，clear-cutting overexploitation 水土流失 荒漠化 人口增長 soil erosion desertification population growth 野生動物保護 wildlife conservation 瀕危物質 商業捕魚 過度捕撈 自然災害 破壞性地震 沙塵暴 旱災

水災

限期治理 白色污染 endangered species commercial fishing over-fishing natural disaster destructive earthquake sandstorm drought flood bring under control within the prescribe time white pollution

limit the use of disposable bags 限制使用的一次性筷子 一次性筷子 亂扔垃圾 disposable chopsticks litter 垃圾 trash，rubbish 丟棄 throw，discard 空氣污染濃度

空氣/水/噪音污染 霧霾 尾氣排放 尾氣凈化器 haze motor vehicle emissions exhaust purifier air pollutant concentrations air/water/noise pollution 無鉛汽油 電動汽車 天然氣汽車 小排量汽車 lead-free/unleaded gasoline/petrol electric car gas-fueled car low-emission car 工業粉塵排放 industrial dust discharge 煙塵排放 礦物燃料

soot emissions fossil fuel（coal, oil, natural gas）

第五篇：考研英語寫作替換詞.新東方老師總結

1.individuals,characters, folks替換(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替換good 3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill(有害的)替換bad 如果bad做表語，可以有be less impressive替換

eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替換many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有詞。Eg.Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替換most.5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替換some 6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think(因為是書面語，所以要加that)7:affair ,business ,matter 替換thing 8: shared 代 common 9.reap huge fruits 替換get many benefits)10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替換 in my opinion 11:Increasing(ly),growing 替換more and more(注意沒有growingly這種形式。所以當修飾名詞時用increasing/growing.修飾形容詞，副詞用increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替換hardly 13..beneficial, rewarding替換helpful, 14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替換customer 15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替換very 16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable...替換 unnecessary, avoidable 17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替換sb take interest in / sb.be interested in 18.capture one's attention替換attract one's attention.19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect 20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替換cause.22.There are several reasons behind sth 替換..reasons for sth 23.desire 替換want.24.pour attention into 替換pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 替換remember 26.enjoy, possess 替換have(注意process是過程的意思)27.interaction替換communication 28.frown on sth替換 be against , disagree with sth 29.to name only a few, as an example替換 for example, for instance 30.next to / virtually impossible,替換nearly / almost impossible

寫作詞匯雜談

存

在come to be;come into existence;come to birth;come into being 考慮consider;take into consideration;take into account 考慮到in consideration of 用盡力氣exhaust one’s strength;use up one’s strength 開動initiate;set going 準備…brace for;prepare for 在于lie in;rest on;rest with 主動take the initiative 不算exclusive of;not counting;leaving out 應該得到deserve;have right to;is worthy of 避免avoid;shun;get around;circumvent 幻想fantasy;play of the mind 以此標準來算by this criterion;by this standard 乍看之下at first glance 面對in the face of;in the presence of 以by means of;by virtue of;by the use of 不惜代價at all costs 每況愈下from bad to worse 承受錯誤造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes 取得同意…get the go-ahead to 不擇手段unscrupulously;by hook or by crook 想法與作法beliefs and practices 內情ins and outs;turns and twists 關鍵時刻the critical moment 雖然although;notwithstanding;albeit;though 根

據according to;on the basis of;on the ground of(that);in the light of;in line with;in accordance with 逃避問題evade the question 增大enlarge;extend;aggrandize 澄清clarify;make clear 賠償compensate for;give…as compensation for 實現carry out;implement;realize;make…come true 假定suppose;assume;postulate;hypothesize 極端的radical;extreme 極端的措施drastic measures 剩下的the rest;the remainder;what is left 換言之in other words;put another way 結果result;aftermath;consequence 優點advantage;strength;strong point;merit;benefit 簡言之put simply;in short;in brief;in a nutshell 舉

例

而

言for instance;for example;to illustrate;let us cite 特別是an illustration;to cite a concrete case 特

別

是especially;more than others;particularly;in particular 既然…now that…;seeing that…

跡象inkling;hint;clue;a slight suggestion 缺

點disadvantage;demerit;shortcoming;drawback;weakness 除去do away with;eliminate;remove;get rid of 缺少for lack of;for a deficiency of 畢竟after all;all in all 范圍scope;field;realm 潛力potential;行為conduct;behavior;doings 隔絕isolate;insulate 分辨出identify;recognize 不易懂的elusive;hard to understand 展開unfold 回饋feedback 主導的人

物a dominant figure;a controlling man;the most influential person 觀點viewpoint;point of view;perspective;standpoint 正在進行中is underway 只是一種姿態is merely a gesture 立場position;stand;stance 意向inclination;leaning;intention 特權privilege;a special right 來自stem from;come from 一件事的不同說法alternative statements of fact 交織intertwine;interweave 好奇心the eager desire to know;curiosity 尊敬respect;esteem;think highly of 頑固的headstrong;obstinate;stubborn 暗淡的gloomy;dark;dim 巨大的huge;gigantic;colossal;vast;enormous;tremendous 探索explore;fathom 執行carry out;execute;do 現代modern times;modern age;contemporary age 偏見prejudice;bias;partiality;predilection 混亂chaos;commotion;confusion;disturbance;tumult 無彈性(僵硬)rigid 無缺點的flawless;airtight 無藥可救incurable 無法避免的unavoidable;inevitable 細密的計劃elaborate plan 取消cancel;annul;abolish 解藥a cure for…;a remedy for;謎puzzle;riddle;enigma