第一篇：本科英語畢業論文旅游景點翻譯[小編推薦]

On the Translation of Scenic Spots' Introduction

by

Thesis Advisor:

Submitted to the B.A.Committee in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in the English Department of School of Foreign Languages of Langfang Teachers College May 2011

廊坊師范學院

本科生畢業論文

題 目： 旅游景點介紹的翻譯

學生姓名：

指導教師： 二級學院： 系 別： 專 業： 年 級： 學 號：

完成日期： 2011年5月10日

Title: On the translation of scenic spots' introduction

Abstract: With the deepening of China's opening-up and the flourish of tourism industry, the translation of tourism materials has become translators’ important task.As a necessary element of tourism materials, scenic spots’ translation arouses more and more attention throughout China.How to make the precise translation out of the piled tourism materials is the problem the translators have to deal with.This paper mainly focuses on the translation of scenic spots' introduction which plays a significant role in the development of tourism industry.It introduces the common errors and theory foundations prevailing, and provides some possible solutions, intending to make the best version of the translation.Key words: scenic spots’ translation;Functional Equivalence;receptors’

response

題目：旅游景點介紹的英譯

摘要： 隨著中國對外開放和旅游產業的蓬勃發展，旅游資料的翻譯成為了譯者們的重要任務。作為旅游資料的重要組成部分，旅游景點的介紹引起了譯者們越來越多的關注。如何在浩繁的旅游資料中獲得精確的翻譯成為譯者們需要處理的非常迫切的問題。本論文著重探討旅游景點介紹的翻譯，因為這在旅游業發展過程中起到舉足輕重的作用。該文章介紹了旅游景點介紹翻譯過程中常見的錯誤和著名的翻譯理論，并提出一些可行的解決辦法以獲得最好的翻譯文本。

關鍵字：旅游景點翻譯;功能對等;讀者反饋

Contents

I.Introduction ………………………………………………………………….....1 A.General statement..........................................................................................1 B.Necessity of the precise translation of scenic spots’ translation....................2 II.Existing problems and causes of translation of scenic spots’ introduction.........3 A.Existing problems..........................................................................................3 B.Causes of unsatisfied translation...................................................................5 III.Prevailing translating theory..............................................................................6 A.Two levels of functional equivalence...........................................................6 B.Receptor’s response.......................................................................................7 IV.Possible solutions to existing problems.............................................................8 A.Addition.........................................................................................................8 B.Deletion..........................................................................................................8 C.Restructuring.................................................................................................9 D.Adjustment...................................................................................................10 E.Analogy........................................................................................................11 V.Conclusion.........................................................................................................12 Works Cited...........................................................................................................13

Acknowledgements

My sincere gratitude first goes to Mr.Gong, my supervisor, for his constructive suggestions, valuable ideas, great patience and encouragement.Without his help, the completion of this thesis would have been impossible.I owe great gratitude to all the teachers in the English Department.Their lectures and instructions have been of great help to my study.I would also like to express my thanks to my friends for their constant concern, generous help, and meaningful comments on the study.Finally, I must say I owe gratitude to my parents.Their love and encouragement have supported me to overcome difficulties and achieve the final success.I.Introduction A.General Statement Tourism industry is called the “Industry without Smoke” and has become one of the significant forces which step up the development of the economy.China is a country which is rich in various touring resources, and has a rather large touring market with great potential, thus attracts countless foreigners from abroad every year.Especially after China achieving the access to the World Trade Organization, tourism industry is becoming more and more commercial and globalized.As the important carriers of tourism information, scenic spots introductions are often used directly by tourism products promoters and potential consumers.Qualified scenic spots introductions can not only provide detailed tourism information but also attract more tourists.English versions of Chinese scenic spots introductions, should achieve the same aims, because it is the translated versions of tourism texts that have become the critical approaches to spread Chinese culture to the world and promote the development of Chinese tourism industry（Zhang Chunbo:25）.However, in many cases the translated version is unsatisfactory more or less in China.Since the quality of the tourism materials affects the foreign tourists directly and has a fundamental influence on their comprehension of China’s culture, how to make the precise translation out of the piled tourism materials is a severe problem the translators are confronted with.Translation is a complicated thinking activity which can communicate the information between two different cultures by means of linguistic symbols(楊忠：120).And then, what is the standard of a satisfied translation? The adequacy of translations has traditionally been judged on the basis of the correspondence in lexicon and grammar between the source and target languages.The correspondence has frequently been stated in terms of “equivalence,” even though the equivalence is often not used.There is, however, a serious problem involved in discussing the adequacy of a translated text primarily in terms of lexical and grammatical features, or even in terms of discourse structures.Translating means communicating, and this process depends on what is received by persons hearing or reading a translation.Judging the validity of a translation cannot stop with a comparison of corresponding lexical meaning, grammatical classes, and rhetorical devices（Li Ming: 23）.What is important is the extent to which the receptors understand and appreciate the translated text.According to Eugene Nida: It is essential that functional equivalence be stated primarily in terms of a comparison of the way in which the original receptors correctly understood and appreciated the text and the way in which the receptors of the translated text understand and appreciate the translated text(2001:113).In this thesis the author introduces some common problems in the translation of scenic spots’ introduction and translating theories prevailing nowadays.Upon the theories, this paper attempts to provide some possible solutions to the translation of scenic spots’ translation.B.Necessity of precise translation of scenic spots’ introduction

China is an ancient civilized country which has inherited innumerable cultural relics from our ancestors.With a vast territory, it embraces a lot of awesome scenic spots that have brought into China millions of foreigners to enjoy themselves.As globalization deepens, the scale of the tourists from abroad is on a sharp increase.And according to the World Trade Organization, China will become the No.1 touring destination by 2020, when there will have been about 137,000,000 people to tour.Therefore, our country first put forward the slogan in 2000: China will persist to turning itself from the strong touring country of Asia to the world.Considering those, we have known that tourism has become a sunrise industry.Owing to the cultural differences between China and western countries, there are many difficulties in the translation process.Many translators are accustomed to translate scenic-spot introductions based on Chinese mindset and ways of expression.As a result, inaccuracies and mistakes can often be seen in the translated texts（Wen Jun: 43）.In today’s China, the translation quality of scenic-spot introductions is far from satisfaction due to countless spelling mistakes, grammatical mistakes, and cultural misinterpretations, etc.Therefore, the translation of scenic-spot introductions and the research on it is necessary and urgent.Hence, the development of our sunrise industry necessitates the precise translation of scenic spots’ introduction.II.Existing problems and causes in translation of scenic spots’ introduction A.Existing problems

The scenic-spot introduction translations specially provide service for foreign tourists.The large cultural gap between China and the western countries makes the translation of Chinese scenic-spot introductions, which contains a lot of cultural elements, a hard nut for the translating job.The translators not only have to have a good command of both Chinese and English, but also be highly proficient in intercultural transfer.The readers of scenic-spot translation are a group of special audience who know little about Chinese culture and language, so translation plays a significant role in publicizing China.Although increasing attention has been paid to this field, the quality of translation is still far from satisfactory.So in this part, we are going to look into some cases of inappropriate and even false translation, so as to have an analysis of the existing problems in the English translation of Chinese scenic-spot introductions.In this way we may know more about the linguistic style, cultural features and expressional skills about appropriate English introductions of scenic spots.Example1:

(SL)[1]: 南山，面朝南海，是中國最南端的山。

(TL)[2]: Nanshan Mountain(South Mountain), facing Chinese South Sea, is the southernmost mountain in China.In the first example, “ 南海” is translated into “Chinese South Sea”, however, the correct English translation of “南海” is the “South China Sea”.So a more adequate translation should be like this: Nanshan Mountain(South Mountain), facing South China Sea, is the southernmost mountain in China.Example2:(SL):孔子（公元前551-前419年）是中國儒家學說的創始人。

(TL):Confucius(551～419BC)was the founder of the Confucius school of thought.In this example, “儒家學說” is translated as “the Confucius school of thought”.It’s not wrong, but it seems more like an explanation than a translation.In English, the word “Confucianism” can express exactly the meaning of the Chinese expression “儒家學說”.Therefore, there is no need to translate it as: “the Confucius school of thought” or “the thought of Confucius”.Example3:

(SL):感悟人生，感悟泥性，感悟瓷韻悠悠。(TL): Feel the life, feel the porcelain, and feel the history.The three “感悟” in the source language make the sentence paralleled and impressive, and it has achieved an effect of emphasis.In the target language, the word “feel” is also repeated for three times.Unfortunately, rather than have the same effect as its Chinese counterpart, this repetition makes no difference but making the whole sentence monotonous and tedious.To be more attractive and impressive, we can revise it by using different words sharing similar concept.Besides the monotonous translation of “感悟”, the word “porcelain” is not properly used here.Porcelain is hard white translucent material made from china clay, but it is not clay any longer.Therefore, it cannot express the meaning “泥性”.The refined version:

Touch the clay, know the history, and feel the life.Example4:(SL):“黃龍吐翠”（西湖十景之一）

(TL): “Yellow Dragon Spits Green”（《市民日常外語會話》北京新華出版社）The Chinese name “黃龍吐翠” has two meanings: On the one hand, it means that a clear spring is flowing out from the Yellow Dragon Cave;on the other hand, it infers that the whole scenic spot(Yellow Dragon Cave)is surrounded by green trees.The character “吐”here means present or look, when it is translated into “spit” in English, the meaning has completely been changed.Because “spit” often means “spitting saliva”, which gives us an unpleasant impression.Example5:(SL):舟的前方駕著一柄長舵，形如關云長的青龍偃月刀。

(TL)?is shaped like the sword in traditional Beijing opera used by Guan Yu, a general of the state of Shu of the Three Kingdom period(220-280A.D).It seems as if this translation is quite adequate, for it has added some information to explain about the sword and its master Guan Yu.However, this addition is nearly of no use.After reading this introduction, the foreign tourists still can’t figure out what is the sword like, for they don’t know anything about Guan Yu at all unless they have watched the Beijing opera.Thus in this sense, this explanation is completely invalid.It produces no effect other than making the whole sentence redundant.Maybe another simpler version will be better: ?is shaped like the knife on the westerners’ dinner table.This version has omitted the invalid information, so it’s much more concise.What’s more important is that it sounds familiar to the foreign tourists and they can understand what the sword looks like immediately when they see this introduction.B.Causes of unsatisfied translation Language capacity of a translator is the fundamental element which influences the quality of translated version directly.A good master of listening, speaking, reading, and writing of a foreign language and mother tongue is only the first step to make a satisfied translation;furthermore, the translator should strive to grasp the essence of two different cultures.According to Wang Zuoliang: A translator must be a cultured man(1984)； that is to say “Learning a language is a kind of learning the culture and the habit of the country where the language is spoken”.Culture is the core, the source and the energy of tourism’s prosperity.And it is just the cultural elements contained in tourism materials bring about big difficulties to tourism materials’ translation, since the differences in the culture of Chinese and English are inevitably reflected in the process of language translation.Language is the carrier of culture, different geographical environments, historical conditions, religious beliefs, and social customs of different countries give birth to different cultures and languages.Culture is what the society thinks about and do, in turn language is the expression of thoughts(Sapir,Edward,2002).The close relationship between culture and language are tightly associated with translation.However, translation is not merely the transformation on the linguistic surface layer, but the communication and transplant of two different cultures.“For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function.”(Nida, 2001: 82)

III.Prevailing translating theory

The main goal of translation is, no doubt, to establish a particular type of correspondence between the source text and the target text.The nature of the correspondence has been referred to “faithfulness” or “fidelity”, or more predominantly, the notion of “equivalence”.The term “equivalence” in translation first appeared in J.R.Firth’s writing when she stated that “the so-called translation equivalents between two languages are never really equivalent”(Snell, 2002: 37).With the development of linguistics and the study of translation in 1960s, “translation equivalence” became the focus of study.A.Two levels of functional equivalence

In the 1990s, Nida perfects his theory by taking the language and cultural differences into consideration.In his book Language, Culture and Translating, Nida puts functional equivalence into two levels according to the degree of adequacy: the minimal equivalence and the maximum equivalence.The definition of minimal functional equivalence is “The readers of a translated text should be able to comprehend it to the point that they can conceive of how the original reader of the text must have understood and appreciated it”(Nida, 1993: 118).Anything less than this degree of equivalence should be unacceptable.The maximum functional equivalence can be stated as “The readers of a translated text should be able to understand and appreciate it in essentially the same manner as the original readers did.” The maximum level of equivalence is rarely achieved except for texts having little or no aesthetic value and involving only routine information since it requires a higher degree of language-culture correspondence.Nida’s functional equivalence theory puts emphasis on cultural factors in translation.In Nida’s view, “The most serious mistakes in translating are usually made not because of verbal inadequacy, but of wrong cultural assumptions”(Nida, 1993: 29).If regardless of the cultural differences, the receptors will find the translation requiring so many efforts to understand that they are likely to stop reading, unless they are highly motivated.Therefore, for a truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism(Nida, 1993: 110).In a word, Nida’s functional equivalence theory has offered a convincing answer to the disputes over literal and free translation lasting for 200 years and gives priority to the receptor over the forms of the language.B.Receptors’ response

When evaluating a translation, some translation theories just concentrate on message-conveyance of the target language, neglecting the role of receptors.Their main concern is that the message in the target language should match as closely as possible the different elements in the source language.Therefore they make constant comparison between the message in the source culture and the message in the target culture to determine standards of accuracy and correctness.Enlightened by the communication theory, Nida attaches great importance to the role of receptor and the relationship between receptor and message by saying that “It is essential that functional equivalence be stated primarily in terms of a comparison of the way in which the original receptors understand and appreciate the text and the way in which receptors of translated text understand and appreciate the translated text”(Nida, 1993: 116).According to Nida, the target audience for which a translation is made almost always constitutes a major factor in determining the translation procedures and the level of language to be employed.In producing a functional equivalence translation one must be constantly aware of the capacity and motivation of receptors(Jin Di &Nida, 2006:89).In other words, how to translate a message first depends on whether the target receptors can understand it or not.According to Nida, the functional equivalence is based upon the “principle of equivalence effect”.It is of great importance to estimate how well the receptors understand and appreciate the translated text.What’s more, Nida’s ideal situation is that the target receptors’ response to the target text should be the same to the original receptors’ response to the original text.Therefore, judging the quality of a translation cannot stop with a comparison of corresponding lexical meaning, grammatical classes and rhetorical devices, but with whether the translated text has the same effect on the receptors as the original text has on the original receptors.IV.Possible solutions to the existing problems From the examples and analysis in last part, we can see the fact that the inefficiency is mainly caused by the translators’ neglect of the target language’s linguistic features and the target receptors’ cultural conventions.As Nida argues that “For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism”(Nida, 1993:110), cultural factor usually plays a more important role in scenic-spot introduction translation.As a matter of fact, linguistic factor and cultural factor usually coexist in a scenic-spot introduction, and cannot be separated.Therefore, the translator shall take both of them into consideration simultaneously.Considering the existing problems of Chinese scenic-spot introductions we have discussed in last part, some possible solutions to these problems will be suggested in the following.A.Addition To Chinese readers who share the same cultural background knowledge with the writer, they seldom have difficulty in understanding the introduction.But to foreign tourists, as they know little or no about the background knowledge, it’s never an easy thing to understand it.Therefore, it is better to add notes to help foreign tourist understand the information, so as to compensate the cultural default of target readers.For example:

(SL):路左有一巨石，石上原有蘇東坡手書“云外流春”四個大字。

(TL):To its left is another rock formerly engraved with four big characters “Yun Wai Liu Chun”(Beyond clouds flow spring)written by Su Dongpo, the most versatile poet of the Northern Song Dynasty(960-427)If we just use Chinese “Yun Wai Liu Chun” here, foreign tourists will not be able to know the meaning of the four characters.In addition, almost every Chinese know who Su Dongpo is, but foreigners know nothing about him.The amplification of this famous poet here works well in compensating the cultural default of target readers and helps to show the high value of the four characters.B.Deletion As we know, Chinese scenic-spot introductions have some prominent features such as flowery expressions, rich rhetorical devices, paralleled structures, abundant citations, etc.By contrast, language for English scenic-spot introductions is characterized by precise sentence structure, plain expression, logic and rational writing, concise and natural diction, etc.In order to conform to the aesthetic standard of target readers, the unnecessary information and flowery decorations should be deleted so that a functional equivalence can be achieved.For example:(SL): 攬八百里微微武夷，扼三千里滔滔贛江，天地造化，租就瑞金山水的神奇，這里，鐘秀毓秀，風藏氣聚。

(TL): Here is a wonderful place famous for its natural beauties of huge green mountains and clear water.In the English version, the translation omits the redundancy without influencing the information transmission.(SL): 久負盛名的大東海水如碧、沙如脂、景如畫。

(TL): Dadonghai is a famous scenic spot and a gift given by nature, the sea like jade, the sand like rouge, the scenery like picture.It is one of the sentences in the introduction of Dadonghai, a famous scenic spot in Sanya city in Hainan province.This translation is a typical word-for-word translation: 水=water, 如=like, 碧=jade;沙=sand, 如=like, 脂=rouge;景 =scenery, 如=like, 畫=picture.The translator attempts to imitate the expression of the source language so faithfully that the translation is of no normal use.For the foreign tourists, it sounds awkward and is hard to understand.A refined version can be like this: Dadonghai is well-known for its clear water, white sand and picturesque scenery.C.Restructuring(SL):孔廟的東側是孔府，是孔子嫡長孫實習的府第。

(TL)The Kong Family Mansion lies east of the Confucius Temple, being the place of eldest direct male descendants of Confucius lived and worked.This English translation is grammatically correct, but the sentence structure is not well organized.It’s clear that the location of the mansion is only minor information while the purpose is the focal point of the whole sentence.But in the translation, the minor information is placed in the main clause and the main idea in the subordinate clause, making the structure rather awkward.So the translation should be changed into: Lying to the east of the Confucius Temple, the Mansion of Confucius is the place where the eldest direct male descendants of Confucius lived and worked.(SL):古城池總面積 2.25平方千米，至今還居住著4.2萬城市居民, 基本保持著明清時期(公元 1368—1911 年)的歷史風貌。

(TL):It(the ancient city)occupies a total area of 2.25 sq km, has a population of 42,000, and largely maintains its historical appearance of the Ming and Qing periods(1368 ～ 1911).Such a long sentence as the source language in this example is smooth and coherent, without any problem.But when more than one English sentence is piled up without any connectives, just like the English translation in this example, they form a very unnatural and awkward sentence, which fails to conform to the features of English.A better translation would be to replace the former part of the sentence with a prepositional phrase, so that the three paralleled clauses can be turned into a complex sentence as follows:

With a total area of 2.25 sq km and a population of 42,000, the ancient city largely maintains its historical appearance of the Ming and Qing Dynasties(1368～1911).D.Adjustment A nation’s thinking pattern is shaped by cultural elements which keep accumulating themselves during the course of history.Chinese people are used to thinking in a comprehensive mode, stressing relationship between parts and they tend to beat around the bush.However, westerners usually think and act in a direct way.In writing, many Chinese writers spend time on minor things which serve as foil for the major parts.In contrast, westerners usually put important parts in main clause or at the beginning of a sentence in a straight –forward way.Here is an example:(SL):襟江帶湖的優越地理位置，自然景觀與人文景觀的和諧交融，組合成 以廬山山體為主，呈環狀向四周輻射的風景名勝區。在這座完整的山 岳型風景名勝區內，散布著遠古文化遺跡 20 余出。中古文化遺跡 600 余處，景點 474 處，現存摩崖石刻 900 余處，碑刻 300 多塊，它們以 瀑泉、山石、氣象、植物、地質、江湖、人文、別墅建筑為類型錯落 在景區內，與長江、鄱陽湖相依、相融、相映，形成了它鮮明的個性 和獨特的魅力，使人們在與自然的親和中，隨深邃的人文而進入一個 崇高的心靈之壤，去認識廬山真面目。

(TL)Its natural and cultural charms are represented by more than 600 cultural relics, 474 scenic spots, and 900 inscriptions on rocky cliffs, 300 tablet inscriptions as well as architectures both in Chinese traditional and foreign styles dotted in the mountain’s scenic areas.E.Analogy In the analogy, cultural information in the source language is transferred into what is familiar to the target readers.Thus it helps the foreign tourists who have little knowledge about Chinese culture to have a rough understanding of what is in the source text, so that the cultural differences are overcome and cross-cultural communication is achieved.A frequently cited example is given bellow to show the employment of this method.(SL):濟公劫富濟貧，深受貧苦百姓愛戴。

(TL): Ji Gong, Robin Hood in China, robbed the rich and helped the poor.In this example, Ji Gong is compared to Robin Hood in the west so that foreign tourists can understand why he was so respected in China.The possible solutions provided above are based on the application of Nida’s functional equivalence theory.The present author sincerely hope the present thesis could be of some help to improve the quality of the translation of Chinese scenic-spot introduction.V.Conclusion With more and more foreign tourists visit the scenic-spots in China, many Chinese scenic-spot introductions have been translated to serve them.However, the translation quality of these scenic-spot introductions is far from satisfaction due to countless spelling mistakes grammar mistakes and cultural misinterpretations, etc.Therefore, the study on the English translation of Chinese scenic-spot introductions is extremely necessary and imperfect.The translation of tourism materials plays a key role in the publication of our touring resources to foreigners.The quality of the translated version influences the tourism industry directly.A good-qualified translated material which the tourists are satisfied with will inspire their interests in a scenic spot, and make them to pay a visit to China finally.However, a bad-translated version does not only reduce their desire to visit China, but also damage the future development of our tourism industry.At present, there are a number of problems existing in the translation of introductions to Scenic Spots.Besides the language mistakes, many other problems are also prevalent.Some versions, which cannot be understood by the foreign tourists at all, are just done word for word from Chinese introduction.Some versions, which indeed read fluently, lost the Chinese culture and wholly become foreignized.In a word, the above problems are all owing to the reason: The translator cannot grasp the spirits of the source text, which include our Chinese culture, and cannot get the correct interpretation of the translation from the analysis of the extratextual factors.In the present thesis, the common problems in the Chinese scenic-spot translation are carefully analyzed and some strategies are provided.In many cases translators overlook cultural default in the source text, resulting in understanding gap for target readers.Thus, they should try to lay a firm foundation of language and get a general and detailed knowledge of two cultures;only in this way are they able to produce a truly precise and satisfied translation and provide a more powerful energy for the development of tourism industry.Works Cited

Eugene, A.Nida.Language, Culture and Translating.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education press, 1993.Eugene, A.Nida.Language and Culture: Contexts in Translating.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.Jin Di & Nida.On Translation.Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Press, 2006.Sapir.Edward.Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech.Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching And Research Press,2002.Hornby.Snell.Which “global village”? :Societies,Cultures,andPolitical-economic Systems.Westport: Praeger Publisher, 2002.李明，《英漢互動翻譯教程》，武漢：武漢大學出版社，2009年。王佐良，《文學間的契合》，北京：外語教學與研究出版社，2005年。文軍，《翻譯實用手冊》，北京：外語教學與研究出版社，2010。楊忠，《語言學概論》，北京：高等教育出版社，2002年。張春柏，《英漢漢英翻譯教程》，北京：高等教育出版社，2003年。

第二篇：英語本科畢業論文的提綱(翻譯語境)

Contents

Ⅰ.Introduction…………………………………………………………………….1 Ⅱ.Classification of Contexts…………………...………………………………1

2.1 Linguistic Contexts……………………...…………………………………..1

2.1.1 Lexical Meaning………………………………………………………2

2.1.2 Grammatical Meaning………………………………………………...3

2.1.3 Pragmatic Implication………………………………………………...4

2.1.4 Style of Language……………………………………………………..5

2.2 Situational Contexts……………………………………………………….6

2.3 Macro Contexts……………………………………………………………6 Ⅲ.Contexts in Translation Process…………………...………………………7

3.1 In the Course of Understanding…………………….……………………8

3.2 In the Course of Representation…………………………………………8

3.2.1 Reproduction of Contexts in the Original Work………………………8

3.2.2 Conforming to the Conveying Customs of Target Language…………8 Ⅳ.Misconception on this Issue…………………………………………………8

4.1 Under-conveyance………………….……………………………………….9

4.2 Over-conveyance…………………………………………………………….9 Ⅴ.Conclusion………………………………………………………………………9

第三篇：本科英語畢業論文題目[模版]

本科英語畢業論文題目

論文涉及到文學、文化、翻譯、語言學、廣告、法律、教育、教學法、經貿、商務等方向，內容絕對原創

論中英習語的文化差別

Cultural Differences between Chinese and English Idioms

DIY運動的興起及其對西方青少年的影響 The Rise and Influence of DIY in Western Youth

奧運會志愿者管理研究

The Study on the Management of Olympic Volunteers

從文化角度看習語翻譯

A Cultural Insight into the Translation of Idioms

從服飾文化角度看中美文化差異

Reflections on Differences of Sino-US Culture in the Perspective of Costume

中外人名的對比研究

The Comparative Study between Chinese and English People's Name

中英姓名文化對比

Cultural Comparison between English and Chinese Names

中美青年價值觀對比分析

Comparative Study of Chinese and American Young Generations’ Values

在華投資的美國跨國公司的企業文化

The Enterprise Cultures of Us-based MNCs Investing in China-The Combination of Chinese and Western Elements

淺談非語言交際中身體語言的特點及其在交際中的運用

A Preliminary Approach to Body Language on Nonverbal Communication 淺談中西方非語言交際中身體語言的特點對比及其在交際中的運用

A Contrastive Study of Body Language in Chinese and Western Countries on Nonverbal Communication

西方思想意識對中國青少年的負面影響及應對措施

The Negative Influence of Western Ethos upon Chinese Youth and its Countermeasures

顏色詞的文化內涵及其在習語中的體現

Cultural Connotations of Color Words and Their Reflections in English Idioms

從不同文化角度對身勢語的應用對比研究

A Contrastive Study of Body Language Communication from Different Cultural Perspectives

笑話何以產生幽默 What Makes a Joke Funny?

論動物在英漢詞語中的文化差異

On the Cultural Difference of “Animal” in English and Chinese Expression

中英交際中的文化差異

Cultural Differences in English-Chinese Communication

人力資源外包在中國的應用

How to Achieve Effective Development of Human Resource Outsourcing & Lease in China

論美語詞匯中的民族中心主義 American Ethnocentrism and English

淺談中英委婉語的文化差異

Cultural Differences in Chinese and English Euphemisms

淺談中美飲食文化差異

The Differences between China and America in Food Culture 從中西習俗看文化差異

Cultural Differences Seen from the Chinese and Western Customs

淺談文化與廣告翻譯

Analysis on the Culture and Advertisement Translation

論網絡交際英語的特征及其翻譯

A Study of Internet Communication English Features and Translation

中式英文在中國流行的分析

The Analysis of Chi English being Popular in China

淺談中西方婚禮習俗的差異與融合

Thesis on the Differences and Mergence of Wending Customs between China and the Western Countries

淺談文化與語言的關系 Thesis on Culture and Language

英漢姓名的文化內涵及其翻譯方法

Thesis on the Cultural Connotation of English and Chinese Names and Its Translation Methods

淺析文化語境對翻譯的影響

Study on Influence of Cultural Context on Translation

淺談商務活動中的交際與禮儀

Tentative Reflections on Business Intercultural Communication and Etiquette

透過春節與圣誕節的比較來看中西文化差異 A Brief Comparison of Spring Festival & Christmas Day

體態語在對外商務談判中的作用

On Body Language in Foreign Business Negotiation 奧林匹克運動會 Olympic Games

淺談中西方文化中顏色的象征性

On the Chinese and Western Cultures in Terms of Symbolic Colors

論英語語言教學中的文化教學

On Culture Teaching in English Language Teaching

中國香港和法國學生對接受自愿安樂死立法觀點的比較

A Comparison of Hong Kong Chinese Students’ and French Students’ Attitudes to and Acceptance of Voluntary Euthanasia Legislation

淺談美國快餐文化 The American style-Fast food

文化差異及其對習語形成的影響

Cultural Differences and Its Influences on the Formation of Idioms

1，中國香港和法國學生對接受自愿安樂死立法觀點的比較

A Comparison of Hong Kong Chinese Students’ and French Students’ Attitudes to and Acceptance of Voluntary Euthanasia Legislation

2，論一人公司的債權人保護

Study on the Protection of the Creditor of One-Man Company

3，從社會發展角度看中國死刑存廢

4，論我國居住權立法的必要性

5，試談中國法官的獨立

淺析英語雙關

Reflection on English Pun 淺析英語委婉語

Analysis of English Euphemism

英語稱謂詞的性別含義

The Sex Connotation in English Addresses

論語境在翻譯中的重要性

Study on the Importance of Context in Translation

中英文常用修辭格對比研究

A Contrastive Study between Some Frequently Used Figures of Speech in English and Chinese

淺談二語習得中的社會因素

Thesis on the Social Factors and Second Language Acquisition 論英語寫作中的措辭用語

On the Diction of the English Writing

淺談中西委婉語對比

A Comparison between Chinese and Western Euphemisms

廣告英語的語言特色

The Linguistic Characteristics of Advertising English

談商務英語及其翻譯中的委婉表達方式

Euphemistic Expressions in Business English and Their Translation

淺談中英委婉語的文化差異

Cultural Differences in Chinese and English Euphemisms 笑話何以產生幽默

What Makes a Joke Funny?

試論因特網在第二語言習得中的輔助作用

The Assisting Function of Internet in Second Language Acquisition

論跨文化交際中的價值系統

Value System in Intercultural Communication

論動物在英漢詞語中的文化差異

On the Cultural Difference of “Animal” in English and Chinese Expression

論美語詞匯中的民族中心主義

American Ethnocentrism and English 場依賴性和場獨立性對英語學習者聽力的影響

The Effect of Field Dependence and Field Independence on English Learners’ Listening Ability

論英漢翻譯中漢語方言的正遷移

Positive Transfer of Chinese Dialect on English-Chinese Translation

語言的歧義性：究竟是福還是禍？

Language Ambiguity: A Curse and a Blessing

論英漢影視翻譯中不同文化意象的處理

On the Disposition of Different Cultural Images in Film Translation

商務語境下表述語言的性別差異

Analysis of Sex Differences in Expressives in Business Context 英語商業廣告的詞法特點分析

An Analysis of Morphological Features of English Commercial Advertisements

英語廣告的詞法特點分析

An Analysis of Morphological Features of English Advertisements

從句法角度對官方語言的初步探究

A Preliminary Study of Official Language from the Syntax Perspective

中式英文在中國流行的分析

The Analysis of Chi English being Popular in China

外貿英語句子的特點對翻譯的影響

Influence of Features of Trade English Sentence on Translation 淺談文化與語言的關系

Thesis on Culture and Language

淺析文化語境對翻譯的影響

Study on Influence of Cultural Context on Translation

對言語交際中的語境的認識

學術論文寫作中的簡明性表達方法

Approaches to Achieve Conciseness in Academic Paper Writing

淺談英語修辭的用法

The Usage of English Rhetorical

雙關在廣告英語中的運用 The Use of Pun in English Advertisements

英語詞匯中的性別歧視及女性主義

Sexual Discrimination in English Words

英語報刊標題的特色與文體風格大綱

Study on Features and Styles of English Newspaper News’ Titles

從皮爾士的符號學研究符號學的意義

A Study of Meanings of Signs from the Perspective of Peirce's Semiotics

從系統功能語法的角度分析《玩偶之家〉

Analysis of A Doll’s House from the Systemic-functional Grammar

英漢復合詞的對比分析 The Contrast between English Compounds and Chinese Compounds

從哈姆雷特性格分析看他悲劇的必然性

A Character Analysis of Shakespeare's “Hamlet”

哈姆雷特悲劇的原因分析

The Reason Analysis of Hamlet Tragedy

論哈姆雷特的悲劇

Comments on the Tragedy of Hamlet

論約翰濟慈作品中所體現出的“美”

The Beauty in the Works of John Keats

淺談阿甘正傳中所折射出的女權主義 The Feminism Reflected in the Novel Forrest Gump

圣地亞哥:偉大而非完美的老人-對《老人與海》中老人的性格分析

The Old Man and The Sea-Santiago-A Great Old Man Not Perfect

依莎貝爾阿徹的婚姻悲劇-對淑女的畫像的主題研究

On the Marriage Tragedy of Isabel Archer-A Thematic Study of the Portrait of a Lady

論淘姆索亞的性格特征

Thesis on the Characteristics of Tom Sawyer

美國社會文化的縮影-淺談淘姆索亞歷險記中淘姆索亞的人物性格特征

The Mirror of American Social Culture-Remarks on the Characteristics of Tom Sawyer in The Adventure of Tom Sawyer

論飄中的人物魅力 On the Charm of Characters in Gone with the Wind

論飄中的女性生存意識

Thesis on Female Survivalism in Gone with the Wind

分析飄中斯嘉麗的個人魅力

Analyze Scarlett’s Personal Fascination in Gone with the wind

淺談《亂世佳人》中的創業精神

Remarks on the Business Spirit in Gone With the Wind

對瑪格麗特?米切爾《飄》中四個人物的性格分析

Character Analysis on the Four Characters in Magrett Mitcell’s Gone with the Wind

斯佳麗的性格分析 Personage Analysis of Scarlett

從希斯克里夫的性格演變過程看他的藝術價值

Analysis on Heathcliff's Artistic Value through the Evolution Process of His Character

從白鯨看人與自然的關系

Relationship between Mankind and Nature-from Analysis of Moby Dick

簡評夏洛特.勃朗蒂的《簡愛》

On Charlotte Brontё’s Jane Eyre

淺談美國文化在小說阿甘正傳中的反映

Tentative Reflections of American Culture in the Novel Forrest Gump

保爾·莫瑞爾永不消逝的戀母情結—對兒子與情人中男主人公的心理研究 The Non-passing of Paul Morel’s Oedipus Complex—A Study of the Hero’s Psychology inSons and Lovers

淺析玻璃動物園中勞拉的玻璃心

An analysis on Laura's Glasslike Heart in the Glass Menagerie

論《傲慢與偏見》中達西的人物性格特點

Character Analysis of Darcy in Pride and Prejudice

呼嘯山莊中希斯克列夫人物性格的雙重性分析

呼嘯山莊中希斯克列夫自私自戀性格的分析

Analysis of Selfishness and Narcissism in Heathcliff’s Characters-On the Theme ofWuthering Heights

淺談簡愛中的女權運動

Feminism in Jane Eyre

回到小屋-淺析湯姆叔叔的小屋中的象征意義及其特點

Back to the Cabin-analysis of symbols and characters in Uncle Tom's Cabin

《雙城記》中西德尼伯爾頓的人物性格分析

A Brief Analysis of Character Sydney Carton “A Tale of Two Cities”

普拉斯詩中的死亡意象

The Death Image in Sylvia Plath’s Poems

對永別了武器中男主人公亨利的性格分析

On the Character of Frederic Henry in A Farewell to Arms

心路歷程－論雪萊的自由之路

The Heart's Progress---About Shelley's Freedom Road

淺談了不起的蓋茨比中的象征主義

The Symbolism in the Great Gatsby

論《老人與海》中的象征主義

The Symbolism in The Old Man and the Sea

雙城記中的仁愛主題

Thesis on the Kind-heartedness theme in “A Tale of Two Cities”

論《哈克貝利費恩歷險記》中對種族主義的誤解

On Misperception of Racism in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

論《傲慢與偏見》與《德伯家的苔絲》中男女主人公的愛情

Analysis on Love of Protagonists in Pride and Prejudice and Tess of the d’Urbervilles

簡愛中女主角的性格分析

An Analysis of the Character of the Heroine in Jane Eyre

對永別了武器中男主人公的性格特征發展的分析

An Analysis of the Development of the Hero’s Character in A Farewell to Arms

從黑人女性主義視角看《寵兒》中的弒嬰母題

On the Motif of Infanticide in Beloved from a Black Feminist Perspective

美國華裔文學作家伍美琴的裸體吃中餐中的母女關系

Reflections on the Mother-Daughter Relationship in the Eating Chinese Food Naked

“神性”與“人性”沖突引發的愛情悲劇

德伯家的苔絲悲慘生活的根源

Tess of the D’Urbervilles―A Comment on the Sources of Tess’ Tragic Life

海明威，“失落的一代”的代言人

Ernest Hemingway, the Spokesman of the “Lost Generation”

試析《還鄉》命運驅使下的人物性格

On Characters under the Influence of Fatalism in The Return of Native

《呼嘯山莊》中的愛與恨

Love and Hate in Wuthering Heights

夏洛特和簡愛性格對比研究

The Comparative Study of Characteristics between Charllote Bronte and Jane Eyre 苔絲的悲劇原因分析

On Causes of Tess’ Tragedy

論呼嘯山莊中人性的復蘇

The Reviving of Humanity in “Wuthering Heights”

淺談傲慢與偏見中簡.奧斯丁對待婚姻的態度

Jane Austen's Attitude toward Marriage in Pride and Prejudice

淺談威尼斯商人中夏洛克的性格特征

On the Character of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice

淺談飄中斯嘉麗的人物形象

The Figural Analysis of Scarlett in Gone with the Wind 淺談艾瑪的自知之明

Self-Knowledge of Emma

論簡愛的獨立性格

The Independence of Jane Eyre

第四篇：英語本科函授畢業論文

目錄

一、教師是美的傳播者???????????????????(2)

(一)、教師的語言美??????????????????(2)

(二)、教師的體態美??????????????????(3)

(三)、教師的板書美??????????????????(4)

二、學生是美的實踐者???????????????????(4)

(一)、在音樂中欣賞美?????????????????(4)

(二)、在環境中鑒賞美?????????????????(5)

(三)、在教材中感悟美?????????????????(5)

(四)、在情景中感受美?????????????????(5)

(五)、在活動中體驗美?????????????????(6)結語?????????????????????????(6)參考文獻?????????????????????????(7)

優化課堂 滲透美育教學

———小學英語課堂教學探討

【內容提要】在新一輪的英語課程教學改革中，國家推出的新的《全日制義務教育普通高級中學英語課程標準(實驗稿)》對英語課程內容和目標做了如下表述：基礎教育階段英語課程的總體目標是培養學生的綜合語言運用能力。如今，農村的英語教學還是比較傳統、比較落后，遠遠不能讓學生學習語言的能力充分發揮出來，也不能讓學生體會到學習外語的“甜頭”，久而久之，英語就變成了增加學生學習的壓力的另一因素。如此的英語教學遠遠跟不上現代社會對它的要求。所以，在我們的農村的小學英語教學中，應該是有意識地、有目的地、有計劃地去進行教學改革。利用我們教師自身的語言美、教態美、板書美來提高教學質量，來調動學生學習英語的積極性，讓學生在輕松的教學情景中得到學習的快樂。蘇霍姆林斯基說過：“美是一種心靈的體操，它使我們精神正直、良心純潔，情感和信念端正。”因此，我們在小學英語教學中要有針對性地進行美育教學。何謂美育，它是通過現實美和藝術美打動學生感情，使學生在心靈深處受到感染和感化，從而培養學生具有正確的審美觀點，具有感受美、鑒賞美、表現美和創造美的能力的教育。美育既是科學文化教育的重要內容，又是提高人的科學文化素質的重要手段和途徑，它是學校實施素質教育的重要組成部分。所以，在英語教學中,我們特別要抓住主陣地——優化課堂，滲透美育。通過滲透美育，促使學生對教學形式和教學內容產生濃厚興趣，以美求真、以美激情、以美育人，讓學生受到美的熏陶，同時也把英語學習變得生動、活潑而有實效。所以美育也是小學生最易于和樂于接受的教育。

【關鍵詞】鑒賞探討優化滲透美育教學

如何在小學英語課堂中滲透美育？如何能讓學生感受到英語學習的快樂，從而感受美，欣賞美，讓學生始終對英語保持濃厚的興趣。下面我就英語課堂中如何滲透美育內容這個話題談談自己的一些看法：

一、教師是美的傳播者

(一)、教師的語言美

蘇霍姆林斯基說過：“教師的教學語言修養在極大程度上決定著學生在課堂上腦力勞動的效率。”小學英語教師的語言藝術水平直接關系到課堂教學的質量。教師自然流暢的語調，抑揚頓挫的節奏能使學生置身于良好的語言學習環境，保證教學信息在傳輸的過程中發揮最佳的效能，在潛移默化的熏陶中培養學生良好的聽力和英語語音語調。教師的語言是一種

專業語言，要在簡明、準確、形象、生動、幽默、風趣和韻律、節奏等方面下工夫。英語教師必須堅持用英語教學，讓學生用英語來想英語。同時，相應的“體太語”要盡可能符合英美人的習慣，這種“仿真”，使學生產生新奇感，并置身于英語語言環境之中，以滿足學生語言美之心理需求。

英語教學的語言不僅要具有與其他學科一樣的形象性與確鑿性，還應追求語言的韻律感、幽默感、新鮮感。作為一名英語老師，除了口語流利外，還要學點洋腔洋調，注重語意與語境、語調與語速相結合。“自然規范的語音、語調，將為有效的口語交際打下良好的基礎。”當教師在課堂上講英語時，具有節奏感的語調，聽起來像外國人特有的那種韻味會讓學生從聽覺上感受到語言的另一種美。學生在欣賞中獲得了令人陶醉的美感，就會增強說英語的欲望。

1、語言要風趣，有幽默感。英語教師不應總板著面孔上課，這樣會讓小學生感覺到枯燥無味,容易走神。也調動不了學生學習的積極性和主動性。英語老師應是先把自己的姿態、神情放松，然后再進行教學。而笑是讓課堂氣氛活躍的最佳手段，笑是學生與老師的感情激流的浪花，課堂里常有笑的細流在潛動，這樣會讓師生感情更加融洽，課堂氣氛更活躍，教師要善于用風趣的語言開導學生，講究幽默把情趣和理趣結合起來。教育家斯維特洛夫講過：“教育家最主要的，也是第一位的助手是幽默。”

2、語言要新鮮。青少年學生具有好奇好新鮮的特點，新異的刺激物能引起他們的主動探求活動。語言新鮮，才能有效地激發學生進行新的探求活動，保持旺盛的求知欲。語言要優美。愛美是人的天性。愛迪生說過：“最能直接打動心靈的還是美。”自然美、人文美能打動學生心靈，教師優美的語言更能直接打動學生的心靈。美的語言悅耳動聽，學生不僅興趣盎然，而且容易入耳入心。

(二)、教師的教態美

要實現美育教學，首先要增強外語教師的審美意識，提高教師自身素質修養。教師教態要親切自然，態度端莊大方、熱情活潑，衣著美觀得體，既可讓學生感受到美的愉悅，又為教學活動創造了一個美的氛圍。教態美包括儀容、風度、神情、目光、姿勢和舉手投足等等。教態是無聲的語言，它能對有聲語言起到恰到好處的補充、配合、修飾作用，可以使教師通過表情讓語言的表達更加準確、豐富，更容易為學生所理解。所以，教師親切而自信的目光、期待而專注的眼神可以使學生產生安全感，消除恐懼感，縮短教師與學生的感情距離。教師熱情洋溢的微笑、友善慈祥的面容可以使學生獲得最直觀、最形象、最真切的感受；瀟灑得體的身姿手勢，無時不在感染著學生，可以使學生加深對知識點的理解、記憶。

小英課本知識接近生活，情景性強，是一個多姿多彩的百花園，猶如一個大舞臺，老師與快樂的小朋友在舞臺上盡情飾演著來自生活的角色。英語教師們必須集言語、表演、造型等藝術手段于一堂，全方位地給學生施加影響，以創設良好的語言環境訓練學生的聽說能力，并帶動學生積極地參與英語學習，使英語課充滿陽光！每當上課鈴響，英語老師總是精神飽滿、面帶微笑地走進教室，并親切地向學生問候：“How are you? Nice to meet you.” 每當學生回答問題正確時，老師可微笑著豎起大拇指說：“Excellent!Good job!” 然后點頭致謝：“Thank you very much.”反之，則搖搖頭或擺擺手并鼓勵學生：“Try next time.”

(三)、教師的板書美

板書是教師課堂教學思路的高度濃縮，是教師的微型教案，它具有高度的概括性。它是對教材的一種藝術再創造。板書設計要文字精練，一目了然，運用和諧的色彩，圖形、表格等構圖清晰。創造板書的形式美可以強化課堂教學效應。板書形式的美，順應了學生喜新、好奇心理，能進一步強化學生的感知，生發美的思索。科學實踐證明，人對不同色彩的注意程度是截然不同的。色彩搭配合理能引起學生的學習興趣，單調的色彩使學生心理上產生厭倦情緒。精心設計的色彩搭配、和諧美觀的板面，更能激發學生的審美情趣和創造意識，也是課堂美育教學的一個重要內容。在平時授課時我通常用黃色筆強調某一詞，用同一色筆書寫同一規律的知識。這種習慣有利于加強記憶，培養學生的審美情操。

二、學生是美的實踐者

(一)、在音樂中欣賞美

音樂是最能直接感動人的藝術。音樂活動可以發展兒童的想象力，還可以鍛煉他們的注意力、觀察力、記憶力，陶冶兒童的審美情趣，因此我們就應該把音樂引入課堂。與音樂課堂教學相比較，可以發現這兩門學科存在著許多共同點，如：聽音、模仿、歌曲訓練等。可見在審美能力的培養上它們也必然有很多的共同之處。教授根據課文內容重點編寫的歌曲、韻文、小詩時、讓學生邊唱邊跳，或邊說邊動，在優美的韻律中，在歡快輕松的氣氛中，學生的音樂感受能力和鑒賞能力得以鍛煉和提高，課堂教學內容也因此較易為學生所掌握。比如教學英語數字時，可以借助“Ten Little Indians”來幫助他們掌握。另外還借用一些熟悉的曲調（如“Two Tigers”等）讓學生自編歌曲。伴著悅耳的音樂節奏吟誦感受音樂美，領悟語言的藝術特色，培養一定的欣賞能力。教師可根據教材的內容選擇旋律優美、內容健康的英文歌曲，在音樂美的熏陶中復習掌握新知識。所以，在新的英語新課程改革中，新的教材又要求我們英語教師向全能方面發展。不但要有唱歌的基本功,而且還要有表演、繪畫等基本功。

(二)、在環境中鑒賞美

一個輕松活潑、生動有趣的環境能讓學生愉快地享受學習的過程。所以，我一直認為英語教師應該有一個固定教室，有一個和諧的教學環境，讓自己的教室變成美麗的“大花園”，用一些非常漂亮的圖畫配上簡單易懂的英文說明來裝飾教室，讓學生有意無意地看或者讀，在美麗的圖片的吸引下把英語單詞和圖畫結合起來記憶，這樣不僅記憶的效果會比較好，而且也能讓學生愉快地接受知識。這樣會在無意中增強了學生的瞬間記憶。比如，在教pretty時，我特意用幾盆可愛的鮮花布置了教室，還從家里拿來了一把小巧玲瓏的傘，一些可愛的動物玩具，美麗的物品引起了學生的注意，我就趁勢問學生：Is it pretty?這樣結合實物學單詞效果是相當好的。再如，我在教授picture時，把很多美麗的照片貼在教室四周，學生興致很高，于是抓住機會，問What is this ? It's a picture.然后師生問答，他們很快就掌握了這個單詞，還美美地飽了一次眼福，這樣的學習學生怎能不喜歡呢？另外，我也會讓學生拿出自己的美術作品，再配上合理的英文說明在教室進行展示，換一種形式吸引學生的注意，保持他們的好奇心和新鮮感。這樣,學生在貼近生活的、富有情趣的氛圍下去感受、去表達，使教學增添了活力，使教學變“單調”為“多彩”。

(三)、在教材中感悟美

走進英語教材，仿佛進入了一個五彩斑斕的世界，宛如一幅幅美麗的畫卷，講述著一個個動人的故事。但這美麗遠遠抵擋不住教材靈魂的魅力，在這教材里面學生可以接觸到許多外國的新鮮事物。在潛移默化中，學生知道了深受歐美人喜愛的hot dog, hamburger, salad, 學會了去McDonald’s吃快餐可以禮貌地說“May I have??” 在得到幫助時不忘說聲“Thank you！”給人造成麻煩時道聲“Excuse me.”別人有困難時，主動詢問“Can I help you?”別人誠心道歉時也不忘道聲：“That’sOK.” 進別人房間要說“ May I come in ?”初次見面，要說 Nice to meet you.How do you do!這高尚的情操，美好的心靈，不正是教材的翻版嗎？禮貌禮儀教育在英語教育中是必不可少的。良好的禮儀修養可以看出一個人的品質和道德。英國和中國文化雖然相卻甚遠，但也都是禮儀之邦。因此，培養學生良好的禮貌禮儀和言談舉止也是我們英語教師的一大任務。

(四)、在情景中感受美

有條件的學校可以利用投影、錄像、多媒體等電化教育手段創設真實的語言情景，使學生在情景中迅速排除難點，把握重點，掌握英語知識，這種手段越來越多地被運用于小學英語教學中。在教學中，通過色彩、背景、音響效果等，通過學生的表演，真實地表現人物活動場景。如教學設備較落后的學校，則是可以充分利用學校有限的設備來創設教學情景，讓

學生離開課本，進行組與組、男生與女生、同桌間的學生來進行角色扮演。因為表演者和觀賞者都是審美的主體，都能從中感受和鑒賞美，學會創造美。教學中我始終以飽滿的熱情，充分利用教具、體態語、動畫等，把學生帶入一個生動形象、富有感染的情境界中去，讓學生直觀感受美。同時充分利用和發揮教材中美和趣味性的因素，將知識性、科學性和趣味性結合起來，使美育融于英語知識學習之中。比如每個單元的Story time，雖然它的趣味性、情景性比較強，但僅靠老師的語言描述仍是不夠的，于是我就利用動畫畫面，錄音帶的音響效果等來增強學生的形象感受。讓學生在原故事的基礎上展開想象，創設不同的情景，用自己的語言，生動地將其表演出來，這樣，他們不僅鍛煉了自己聽說的能力，也在潛移默化中受到美的熏陶。

(五)、在活動中體驗美

根據小學生的年齡特點和興趣愛好，開展各種活動能促進學生的英語學習。教師在課堂里可引導學生動手創作，把單調的語言個體轉化為具有生動形象的藝術個體，邊聽邊做，邊說邊做，在發展聽力、訓練口語、培養創造性運用語言能力的同時，培養學生的審美鑒賞力和創造力。比如在學水果、動物等名稱時，讓學生畫一畫，說一說，或邊聽邊畫；在學時間的表達時、讓學生做一只鐘的模型，邊拔動時針分針邊練習句型；在學習家庭成員名稱時，讓學生做一做指偶，互相玩一玩，猜一猜??在這些活動中，會畫會做的小朋友總是特別受到大家的注目，而其他孩子們從他們那兒既能學到如何用英語自由表達，又能欣賞優美的藝術品，得到了美的熏陶，學生的審美能力的提高也正蘊含于這一次次的教學活動中。

美無處不在。美育的實施需要我們教師一定要有創新意識，樹立正確的審美觀，具備濃厚的美育意識，創設多姿多彩的美育情境，把大自然中的美、生活中的美、語言中的美、教材教法中的美化作陽光，變成雨露,深深地滲透到學生心里，讓學生在英語學習的過程中感悟美、賞析美、體驗美，進而創造出美，寓教于樂，寓教于美。

結語我們提出優化課堂、滲透美育教學的新型英語教學并不意味著我們把以前的英語教學斥之為傳統英語教學而一概否定。如同我們討論素質教育一樣。我們提倡素質教育并不意味著現行教育就是應試教育，現行教育有著許多優良的傳統與好的作法，但存在著應試教育的弊端。提倡素質教育是一個完善性的口號。探索新型英語教學也是一個完善性的口號，而不是一個否定的批判性口號。新型英語教學是現行英語教學的進步與發展。它不否定現行英語教學的優良傳統和富有成效的教學方法，它是在總結多年來我們英語教學的經驗與教訓的基礎上提出的進一步發展的目標。只有帶著廣泛的、聯系和發展的觀點來看待本文提出的新型英語教學，才能真正實現英語教學的更加完美。

參考文獻

1．《英語課程標準》解讀

2．《中小學英語教學研究》華東師范大學出版

3．杜 威：《民主主義教育》人民教育出版社，2003

4.吳也顯主編《小學生學習方法研究》江蘇教育出版社

第五篇：英語本科畢業論文目錄樣本

Contents

Introduction………………………………………………………1 Part One: Causes in History…….....………...……...………3

1.1 The economic factors…………………………………………3

1.2 The national policy ……………………………………………5

1.3 The natural environment … ………………………………… 5

1.4 Social stability …………………………………………………6

1.5 Individual factors … ………………………………………… 6 Part Two: Effect: Benefits and Costs of Population Floating in Modern China...……………………………………………..………7

2.1 Benefits………………………………..………………………8

2.2 Costs………………………………………………………......8

Conclusion ………………………………………………………...9 Notes………………………………………………………………11

Bibliography……………………………………………………....12 Acknowledgements…………………………….…………………13