第一篇：作文素材之朱棣文

朱棣文

2008年12月15日，華裔科學家、諾貝爾物理學獎得主朱棣文，被奧巴馬提名為能源部部長，一時間，這位一直致力于環保能源開發的“重量級”人物，是否能帶領美國戒除“油癮”，走上可持續的綠色能源之路，成為人們津津樂道的話題。

有人認為，“最優秀未必就最好”，奧巴馬最初任命的35位閣僚中，有22位出身于麻省理工學院、斯坦福大學、芝加哥大學等頂尖名校，類似肯尼迪閣僚的構成，而肯氏就是被那群“超級聰明”的親信拖進了災難性的越戰；民主黨內也有不安的聲音，朱棣文畢竟是“華盛頓的圈外人”，毫無從政經驗，領導能力堪憂。但在普通民眾中，朱棣文擁有大批“粉絲”，他們認為“朱不愛出風頭，也不會官迷心竅，是一個具有遠大理想與扎實風格的優秀科學家”；有網民甚至評價“朱棣文是政府近30年來選擇的最好的部長，因為在他的身后看不到貪婪的大工業的影子”。而現任能源部部長、共和黨人博德曼也對朱棣文贊賞有加，認為朱明白能源和環境挑戰的重要性，“他知道處理這些挑戰所需的技術性解決辦法”。當然，對這一提名最感揚眉吐氣的是美國華裔，因為朱棣文是繼現任勞工部部長趙小蘭之后第二位華裔部長，為美國華裔樹立了政壇新坐標。事實上，幾乎整個華人世界都為之感到振奮和驕傲。

能源專家的政壇新路

朱棣文與奧巴馬談不上是故交，但在銳意進取、尋求變革的精神特質上，他們驚人的相似，說他們“神交”已久并不為過。面對日益變暖的地球、布什政府的無知與傲慢，朱棣文的憂慮越來越深。“能源問題：我們該如何解決?”可能是近5年來朱棣文問自己最多的問題。朱棣文是當今世界上諳熟全球變暖這個復雜問題的頂級專家，并且一直在為應對環境危機鼓與呼。他曾訴苦說，雖然身為諾貝爾獎得主，但仍很難游說到足夠的研究經費。2006年他到國會山向議員們游說，原想為他的“太陽神計劃”即利用生物質將陽光轉化為能量的科研項目爭取10億美元經費，但最終只獲得4億美元。

如今，朱棣文的機會終于來了！奧巴馬的能源大計包括：未來10年投入1500億美元資助替代能源研究，大幅減少對中東和委內瑞拉進口石油的依賴，以及用低稅額鼓勵消費者購買節能汽車等。他提出，到2012年美國10％的發電量由可再生能源提供，到2025年升至25％。這是一個空前龐大而積極的綠色夢想，必將對美國乃至世界經濟和政治產生深遠影響，而“千里之行始于足下”，這謀篇布局的第一步就落到了朱棣文肩上。

朱棣文是個嚴格得近乎苛刻的環保主義者，他的能源觀具有理想主義的色彩：他不僅反對化石燃料的濫用，甚至對某些新能源也提出了批評。例如，他承認核能與傳統的煤電相比具有更高的風險收益比，但他卻堅持尋找“這兩個魔鬼”之外的更低污染能源。他對時興的生物能源同樣抱有警惕的態度，他認為用于生產酒精的玉米本身就是石油工業的產物，并非“二氧化碳中性”。他迷戀一種“閉合循環”的理想狀態，即水、二氧化碳、陽光和一些營養物共同作用將能量“鎖定”在碳載體之中，反向存在逆過程，理論上這一循環應該是閉合的，不會有新的二氧化碳產生。因此，自2004年掌管勞倫斯·伯克萊實驗室以來，他就把研究重點轉到他鐘情的“合成生物學”上，期望通過生物自身的某種特性，將各種纖維直接轉化為能源。一旦這種技術實現，人類將徹底走出化石能源噩夢，這就是他的“綠色大夢”。

朱棣文曾憂慮地說：“科學家有責任告訴人們將要發生什么，科學家也能告訴人們做某些事是不健康或不明智的，不過政府和民眾不一定會言聽計從。”節能減排確實受到了來自政府和民間的雙重阻力。首先重工業極需石油，如何在不危害經濟下減低對石油的依賴？如何克服現行能源政策的受益者——大能源商和大制造商的阻力？其次，把環保觀念引入家庭，喚醒民眾正視環境危機，改變長久以來的消費慣性和生活方式也挑戰重重。他說：“美國每戶人家只需多投1000美元，就可提升能源效益，可惜的是，民眾卻更愿把錢花在花崗石的廚臺上。”美國人也迷戀SUV等高耗油大排量汽車。美國3億人口雖然只占世界人口5％，但2008年每日石油消耗量卻達2000萬桶，占全球日消耗量的25％，當中多達七成半的石油靠進口。

1997年，朱棣文在諾貝爾物理學獎頒獎典禮上

問題相當嚴重，留給朱棣文的時間也所剩無幾。據科學家觀測，過去16年溫室氣體排放增長了20%，若全球在節能減排上沒有根本性變革，氣溫持續上升，將導致北極圈的冰山在2012年完全消失。2007年，朱棣文在美國清潔能源會議上為控制溫室氣體大聲疾呼：“氣溫改變5攝氏度將引發大范圍爭奪水和可耕地的資源戰爭，大量人口將流離失所。我們不是在談論1萬人，也不是在談論1000萬人，我們在談論數以億計將被洪水永遠淹沒的人。”

朱棣文從不輕言放棄，他當上能源部部長后，將會出現一個“多贏”的局面。對他個人來說，雖然美國新能源研發的主流方向應該還會是核能與太陽能，他的“綠色大夢”也不可能立刻實現，但肯定會得到更多的重視，至少研究經費不會再是個大難題。對美國而言，朱棣文將促使美國能源政策、環保政策走向科學決策，摒除政治和軍事因素的過度干預；布什政府曾拒簽的《京都議定書》必將得到推動，美國也將因為他在環保問題上的貢獻，成為一個受各國尊敬的“綠色新美國”。此外，這項任命對美國華裔來說，意義也非同一般。因為，能源部部長就是美國核武庫的一把手，負責核武器的生產和維護，非常重要且敏感，很多華裔都沒有忘記“李文和事件”——1998年，時任能源部部長的理查森指控華裔核科學家李文和向中國政府泄露核機密，導致李文和坐了9個月冤獄。此后，華裔如驚弓之鳥，不太愿意加入能源部工作，這項任命將會解除華人的疑慮。對國際社會而言，在朱棣文的推動下，全球節能減排運動將得到一個強有力的領導者——美國。對環境問題突出的中國來說，急需與美國及國際社會合作對抗全球變暖。華裔科學家朱棣文在中國享有較高的知名度，他的上任將有助于中美這兩個能源需求和消費都數一數二的大國，減少隔閡和不信任，共赴時艱。

把科學研究當“情人”

“除了妻子外，每個好的科學家都有一個‘情人’──科學研究。”這是朱棣文的經典語錄之一。朱棣文對科學事業的癡迷和熱愛，成就了他非凡的人生。

朱棣文家教良好，人生開頭關鍵性的幾年，父母對他的要求比較嚴格，那時候的朱棣文是家里不怎么聽話的“黑羊”。上幼兒園時，朱棣文愛擺弄積木、組裝塑料飛機或軍艦模型，搞得家里亂點兒還不打緊；到了上小學時,父母稍一不留意就可能有某個家電用品被拆掉了；他還經常光顧庫房，把各種臟兮兮的廢棄零部件搬出來搞設計，成天搗鼓那些自制的、用途不明的“設備”，起居室的地毯上堆滿金屬支架、細小的螺帽和螺釘。后來，他的興趣還擴展到了化學。他從午餐費里節省出一筆錢買材料，跟一位同學用自制火箭做實驗。

朱棣文上中學后，父母就常對兒子們說：“讀書吧，不管讀什么書，總得讀點兒什么！”父母是在鼓勵兒子積極尋找自己感興趣的領域，然后專心鉆研。朱棣文后來不止一次提到，非常感謝父母開明的教育，不強迫他為分數而學習。雖然與大哥年年拿第一相比，朱棣文中學成績平平，但他養成了主動學習的習慣，打下了邁向世界頂級科學家行列的基礎。他說：“我不光學書本上的東西，而是對自己想學的特別下工夫。”進入大學后，在良師和物理經典書籍的指導下，朱棣文的科學激情被點燃了，從此，一頭扎進了高手如林而又枯燥的物理學。“我喜歡數學和物理，我的快樂在于把整個世界變成物理公式。”

1970年，朱棣文獲得羅徹斯特大學數學和物理雙學士，28歲獲得柏克萊大學物理學博士學位，并在該校從事兩年的博士后研究。1978年到美國貝爾實驗室任電磁現象研究人員，從此就沒有離開過他鐘愛的科學研究。在興趣和持之以恒的努力下，他的“漂亮實驗”聞名學界，領導能力也頗受重視，1983年升任實驗室電子學研究部主任，在貝爾實驗室一干就是9年。“除了最喜愛的研究，我們沒有義務做任何事，研究科學的喜悅和激動洋溢在大廳里，擁擠的實驗室和辦公室，讓我們彼此接近并關注每個人的進展，熱烈的討論通常在研討會上和午餐會時進行，延續到網球場和各種聚會，氣氛熱烈得停不下來。”在朱棣文的描述中，貝爾實驗室的生涯“各方面都近乎完美”。

1987年，朱棣文轉任斯坦福大學物理學教授，因為內心培養科學新人的愿望越來越強烈，他感到自己必須走進大學校園。在斯坦福大學，有人說朱棣文的時間應用秒來計算。他是一個不知疲倦的人，每天早上，朱棣文都會騎著一輛舊自行車上班，他總是第一個到達辦公室的人；中午，朱棣文會留在校園內用餐，常常邊吃著盒飯邊和學生們探討科學問題；晚上他總是最后一個離開。朱棣文每周還要給本科生上普通物理課。他的課堂永遠充滿笑聲和掌聲，還有學生們的各種“挑戰”——他們會不時打斷老師的講課，冒出各種問題，每到這時朱棣文就會特別高興，會用風趣而深入淺出的話解答疑問。朱棣文獨特的教育觀決定了他必然是個好老師。他說：“好的教育應該是讓你自由尋找那些對你有意義的事情，而不是把人腦當成一個容器，往里填東西；好的教育還在于讓人批判性地思考，敢于質疑前人，這也是我在中國學生身上發現的不足的地方。”“興趣+堅持+開放的頭腦”是朱棣文的成功公式，他最常用其鼓勵年輕學子勇攀科學高峰。

教學之外，朱棣文繼續專注于自己從1983年就開始著迷的原子冷卻技術的研究，1985年發表第一篇學術論文。1987年到1992年間，他在斯坦福大學實驗室制造出了接近絕對零度的低溫，減慢原子速度，而被譽為“能抓住原子”的人，憑借這項創舉朱棣文獲得了1997年的諾貝爾物理學獎。諾獎為朱棣文帶來了全球聲譽，他說服一些大企業捐資，由他親自主持，在斯坦福修建了世界上第一個Bio-X實驗室，這也是目前世界上最先進的Bio-X實驗室；他還創建了精密測量實驗室、玻色-愛因斯坦實驗室等世界頂級物理實驗室。在這些實驗室中，朱棣文迎來送往，一批又一批科學新秀在他的指導下成長起來。

朱棣文曾極其睿智地預言，物理學與生物學、化學等其他學科的結合，將是21世紀不可避免的趨勢。他說：“現在物理、化學都發展到這個地步，人們有能力利用物理、化學去研究生命科學。”這也是他從物理學轉到生命科學研究上來的重要原因。“在我的學術生涯里，我已經很多次改變研究方向。我總是對學習全新的事物充滿興趣。”“隔行如隔山”的說法對他而言是蒼白無力的。如今，花甲之年的他又開始了從“科學老手”向“政壇新秀”的角色轉換，了解朱棣文的人深信，他的優秀品質必將助他實現人生的又一次漂亮轉身。

平凡的科學大師

中國人管那些“皮黃心白”的華人叫“香蕉”，土生土長的美國華裔第二代朱棣文，無疑是個香蕉，但他又不完全是。父母的言傳身教，使他具有中國人的刻苦、勤勞和謙遜；美國的開放式教育，則造就了他的幽默、風趣和自信。

朱棣文1948年2月28日出生在美國密蘇里州圣路易斯市一個學術世家。祖父朱祝年是一位讀書人，思想極為開明，家里的十多個男孩女孩都接受了良好的教育。大姑媽朱汝昭早年曾留學日本；二姑媽朱汝華留學美國任芝加哥大學化學工程教授，是中國第一代化學家；三姑媽朱汝蓉留學美國攻讀化學，也是一名化學教授。朱棣文的父親朱汝瑾是清華大學化工系高材生，在美國麻省理工學院獲化工博士，留美大學任教。朱棣文的外祖父李書田也是個大知識分子，20年代的清華畢業生，公費留美，回國后投身教育事業，曾任國民政府教育部部長。他很重視對孩子的培養，朱棣文的母親李靜貞在清華大學經濟系畢業后追隨丈夫到麻省理工學院攻讀工商管理學位。朱棣文的哥哥朱筑文是斯坦福大學醫學院教授，專長DNA研究；弟弟朱欽文是一名著名律師。兄弟三人都擁有博士學位。朱棣文的父輩與兄弟中至少有12位擁有博士學位或大學教授職位。“生活在一個杰出人才眾多的家庭中，你常常會感覺到自己是一個笨蛋。”朱棣文坦言，他在從事物理學研究時，如果三四個月中沒有重要的新進展，就會感到不安。

2000年，朱棣文第一次回鄉尋根。太倉小城用最大的熱情和好奇迎接了榮歸故里的科學巨子。人們多少有點“失望”地發現，除了語言提示人們他是個美國人外，朱棣文沒有絲毫“老外”的架勢——在祖父墳前點香，跪拜，神情肅穆；對在大陸的姑母、叔父等長輩尊敬有加，深恐不周——簡直就是一個文質彬彬的君子！雖然絕頂聰明，但朱棣文也有自己的“軟肋”。10歲那年，父母送他學中文，他卻怕耽誤了自己寶貴的玩耍時光，怎么也不配合，因而至今除了會歪歪扭扭地寫“朱棣文”三個字外,中文沒有任何進展。這次尋根期間，朱棣文還去了以他的名字命名的“太倉朱棣文小學”，看到校方為他準備的中國老祖宗發明的毛筆和宣紙，他直發愣，后來只得改用簽字筆留了一段英文“墨寶”。他坦承，沒學會中文是他人生的最大遺憾。1997年時任國家主席的江澤民訪美，特別接見了朱棣文，他當時還熱情地請江主席教他中文。

朱棣文顛覆了科學家給人的刻板印象，他活潑開朗，有人情味兒，充滿魅力。李劍君，朱棣文中文傳記的作者，至今還在回味與科學大師交往的點點滴滴。朱棣文得知李先生想寫自己的傳記后，盡管來中國的活動時間表排得非常緊，他還是不顧倒時差的勞頓，一下飛機就會見了他；在建議李先生從他母親那里收集寫作素材時，還不忘叮囑：“你等我母親給你打電話吧，你別打給她。從中國打美國太貴，從美國打中國便宜。”2004年，李先生去斯坦福大學拜會朱棣文，被邀請前往朱家做客，朱棣文親自下廚，整了頓漂亮的美式大餐，在美國這個極為看重個人空間的國度，他的熱情好客無疑很中國。

朱棣文的廚藝很高，喜歡下廚，與他喜歡動手做組合、操作的嗜好分不開，同事戲稱他“諾貝爾級的大廚”。他做得四國美食，中國菜、意大利菜、法國菜、墨西哥菜都有研究，但以中國菜和墨西哥菜最為拿手。媽媽是朱棣文的“啟蒙老師”。朱棣文回憶說，有一次三兄弟跟媽媽在家里廚房包餛飩，“當時大家排成一列，媽媽負責調餡，大哥則在前頭排面皮、放餡，我跟小弟在后面負責包餛飩，好像工廠的生產線一樣，很有趣。”之后，朱棣文便常在廚房里跟母親學做菜。學得幾樣“花招”后，從中學起朱棣文就常單獨下廚，做盒飯帶到學校去。他說：“美國學生多半帶兩個三明治、一瓶牛奶，就可以解決一餐；但我的盒飯可就多彩多姿了，有時候是中國菜，有時候是墨西哥料理，羨煞其他同學。”到了研究所，朱棣文也常拿著食譜研究，并做菜與朋友分享。

朱棣文與前妻育有兩個兒子，均已成人。簡是他的第二任妻子，英格蘭威爾士人，是個頗有才干的牛津、哈佛高材生。朱棣文獲得諾獎后，事業更加繁忙，她為支持丈夫，辭去斯坦福大學招生辦主任和校長助理的職位，當起朱棣文的全職幫手，生活起居親手操持。他們位于斯坦福大學附近的家，是一座帶有小庭院的獨棟兩層木質小樓，比起國內學者來住得寬敞些，但家中擺設非常簡樸，生活也很簡單。科學大師沒什么大的個人欲望，一輛運動自行車就可以成為他生活中的一種奢侈。有人好奇地問他會怎樣花諾貝爾獎金，他幽默地回答道：“我們是三個人共同得獎，因此，100萬美元要分成三份。另外‘山姆大叔’（美國稅務局）又要拿走一半，真正剩下來到手中的只有十多萬美元而已。”接著他又風趣地表示，他要用這些錢還貸款，還想買一輛山地自行車以作鍛煉之用。

說起鍛煉，朱棣文很會忙里偷閑做運動，他常常說，運動可以使人保持清醒。以前他愛打網球，但不幸把膝蓋扭傷，只能放棄。如今，每周要游兩次泳，周末騎自行車出門鍛煉。朱棣文還很有愛心，熱衷公益活動，經常會去家附近的中小學，為學生們上輔導課，培養孩子們對科學的興趣。別人覺得有點大材小用，他卻調皮地回答說：“這可是在做上天堂的事業！”其實，從朱棣文造福人類的每一項實驗到培養科學新秀的每一堂課，再到即將肩負起的打造綠色新美國的重任，哪一項不是通往天堂的最好的“門票”呢？

第二篇：朱棣文演講英文

名校勵志英語演講稿：給大學畢業生的幾個忠告——美國能源部部長朱棣文

給大學畢業生的幾個忠告——美國能源部部長朱棣文

As you begin this new stage of your lives, follow your passion.If you don’t have a passion, don’t be satis?ed until you?nd one.Life is too short to go through it without caring deeply about something.當你開始生活的新階段時，請追隨你的愛好。如果你沒有愛好，就去找，找不到絕不罷休。生命太短暫，所以不能空手走過，你必須對某樣 東西傾注你的深情。

2009 Commencement Address at Harvard University

— U.S.Secretary of Energy Steven Chu

Madam President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, faculty, family, friends, and, most importantly, today’s graduates，Thank you for letting me share this wonderful day with you.I am not sure I can live up to the high standards of Harvard Commencement speakers.Last year, J.K.Rowling, the billionaire novelist, who started as a classics student, graced this podium.The year before, Bill Gates, the mega-billionaire philanthropist and computer nerd stood here.Today, sadly, you have me.I am not wealthy, but at least I am a nerd.My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses.The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks.This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed.As Oscar Wilde said, “The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on.It is never of any use to oneself.”

So, here comes the advice.First, every time you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible.Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself.Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success.To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them.Also, of course, thank Harvard.Should you forget, there’s an alumni association to remind you.Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit.In all negotiations, don’t bargain for the last, little advantage.Leave the change on the table.In your collaborations, always remember that “credit” is not a conserved quantity.In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit.My third piece of advice is as follows: As you begin this new stage of your lives, follow your passion.If you don’t have a passion, don’t be satisfied until you find one.Life is too short to go through it without caring deeply about something.Here is my final piece of advice.Pursuing a personal passion is important, but it should not be your only goal.When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done.The source of that pride won’t be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received.It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made.Finally, as humanists, I ask that you speak to our common humanity.One of the cruelest ironies about climate change is that the ones who will be hurt the most are the most innocent: the worlds poorest and those yet to be born.The coda to this last movement is borrowed from two humanists.The first quote is from Martin Luther King.He spoke on ending the war in Vietnam in 1967, but his message seems so fitting for today’s climate crisis.“This call for a worldwide fellowship that lifts neighborly concern beyond one’s tribe, race, class, and nation is in reality a call for an all-embracing and unconditional love for all mankind.This oft misunderstood, this oft misinterpreted concept, so readily dismissed by the Nietzsches of the world as a weak and cowardly force, has now become an absolute necessity for the survival of man ? We are now faced with the fact, my friends, that tomorrow is today.We are confronted with the fierce urgency of now.In this unfolding conundrum of life and history, there is such a thing as being too late.”

The final message is from William Faulkner.On December 10th, 1950, his Nobel Prize banquet speech was about the role of humanists in a world facing potential nuclear holocaust.“I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail.He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance.The poet’s, the writer’s, duty is to write about these things.It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past.”

Graduates, you have an extraordinary role to play in our future.As you pursue your private passions, I hope you will also develop a passion and a voice to help the world in ways both large and small.Nothing will give you greater satisfaction.Please accept my warmest congratulations.May you prosper, may you help preserve and save our planet for your children, and all future children of the world.尊敬的Faust校長、哈佛集團的各位成員、監管理事會的各位理事長、各位老師、各位家長、各位朋友，以及最重要的各位畢業生同學，感謝你們，讓我有機會同你們一起分享這個美妙的日子。

我不太肯定，自己夠得上的哈佛大學畢業典禮演講人的殊榮。去年登上這個講臺的是英國小說家J.K.羅琳，她最早是個古典文學的學生。前年站在這里的事比爾·蓋茨先生，他是一個超級富翁、一個慈善家和電腦天才。今年很遺憾，你們的演講人是我，我不是很有錢，但至少我是一個書呆子。

畢業典禮演講都遵循古典奏鳴曲的結構，我的演講也不例外。剛才是第一樂章——輕快的閑談。接下來的第二樂章是送上門的忠告。這樣的忠告很少有價值，幾乎注定被忘記，永遠不會被實踐。但是，就像王爾德說的：“對于忠告，你聽能做的，就是把它送給別人，因為它對你沒有任何用處。”

所以，下面是我的忠告。第一，取得成就時，不要忘記前人。要感謝你的父母和朋友，要感謝那些啟發過你的教授，尤其是上不好課的教授，因為他們迫使你自學。自學能力是優秀的文科教育中必不可少的，將成為你成功的關鍵。你還要去擁抱你的同學，感謝他們同你進行過的徹夜長談，這為你的教育帶來了無法衡量的價值。你還要感謝哈佛大學。不過即使你忘了，校友會也會來提醒你。

第二，在你們未來的人生中，做一個慷慨大方的人。在任何談判中，都把最后一點點利益留給對方，不要把桌上的錢都拿走。在合作中，成功合作的任何一方，都應獲得全部榮譽的90%。

第三個忠告是，當你開始生活的新階段中，請跟隨你的愛好。如果沒有愛好就去找，找不到就不罷休。生命太短暫，所以不能空手走過，你必須對某樣東西傾注你的深情。

我還有最后一個忠告，興趣愛好固然重要，但你不應該只考慮它。當你白發蒼蒼、垂垂老矣、回首人生時，你需要為做過的事感到自豪。物質生活和你實現的占有欲，都不會產生自豪。只有那些受你影響、被你改變過的人和事，才會讓你產生自豪。

最后，你們是人道主義者，我要求你們為人道主義說話。氣候變化帶來的最殘酷的諷刺之一，就是最受傷害的人，恰恰是最無辜的人——那些世界上最窮的人們和那些還沒有出生的人。

這個最后樂章的完結部是引用兩位人道主義者的話。

第一段引語來自馬丁·路德·金。這是1967年他對越南戰爭結束的評論，但是非常適合評論今天的氣候危機。“我呼吁全世界的人們團結一心，拋棄種族、膚色、階段、國籍的隔閡；我呼吁包羅一切、無條件的對全人類的愛。你會因此遭受誤解和誤讀，信奉尼采哲學的世人會認定你是一個軟弱和膽怯的懦夫。但是，這是人類存在下去的絕對必須。我的朋友，眼前的事實就是，明天就是今天。此刻，我們面臨最緊急的情況。在變幻莫測的生活和歷史之中，有一樣東西叫做悔之晚矣。”

第二段引語來自威廉·福克納。1950年12月10日，他在諾貝爾獎獲獎晚宴上發表演說，談到了世界在核戰爭的陰影之下，人道主義者應該扮演一個什么樣的角色。“我相信人類還將勝利。人類是不朽的，不是因為萬物中僅僅他擁有發言權，而是因為他有靈魂、有同情心、犧牲精神和忍耐精神。詩人、作家的責任就是書寫這種精神。他們有權升華人類的心靈，使人類回憶起過去曾使他無比光榮的東西——勇氣、榮譽、希望、自尊、同情和犧牲。”

各位同學，你們在未來中扮演著舉足輕重的角色。當你們追求個人的志向時，我希望你們也能發揚奉獻精神，積極發聲，在各個方面幫助改進這個世界。這會給你們帶來最大的滿足感。

最后，請接受我最熱烈的祝賀。希望你們成功，也希望你們保護和拯救我們這個星球，為了你們的孩子，以及未來所有的孩子。

第三篇：朱棣文2009年哈佛大學演講全文

朱棣文2009年哈佛大學演講：未來并非在劫難逃（中英文互譯)

朱棣文（Steven Chu，1948年2月28日－），美國物理學家，生于美國圣路易斯；華人血統，祖籍中國江蘇太倉，曾獲得諾貝爾物理學獎（1997年）。現任美國能源部部長。

1970年，獲羅徹斯特大學數學學士和物理學學士。1976年，獲加州大學伯克利分校物理學博士。

1987年，任斯坦福大學物理學教授，是該校第一位華裔教授。1993年，當選美國國家科學院院士。1997年，獲諾貝爾物理學獎。

2004年，任勞倫斯·伯克利國家實驗室主任，是首位掌管這個美國能源部下屬國家實驗室的亞裔人士。

2009年，出任奧巴馬政府能源部長。

【正文】

Madam President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, faculty, family, friends, and, most importantly, today's graduates, 尊敬的Faust校長，哈佛集團的各位成員，監管理事會的各位理事，各位老師，各位家長，各位朋友，以及最重要的各位畢業生同學，Thank you for letting me share this wonderful day with you.感謝你們，讓我有機會同你們一起分享這個美妙的日子。I am not sure I can live up to the high standards of Harvard Commencement speakers.Last year, J.K.Rowling, the billionaire novelist, who started as a classics student, graced this podium.The year before, Bill Gates, the mega-billionaire philanthropist and computer nerd stood here.Today, sadly, you have me.I am not a billionaire, but at least I am a nerd.我不太肯定，自己夠得上哈佛大學畢業典禮演講人這樣的殊榮。去年登上這個講臺的是，英國億萬身家的小說家J.K.Rowling女士，她最早是一個古典文學的學生。前年站在這里的是比爾?蓋茨先生，他是一個超級富翁、一個慈善家和電腦高手。今年很遺憾，你們的演講人是我，雖然我不是很有錢，但是至少我也算一個高手。

I am grateful to receive an honorary degree from Harvard, an honor that means more to me than you might care to imagine.You see, I was the academic black sheep of my family.My older brother has an M.D./Ph.D.from MIT and Harvard while my younger brother has a law degree from Harvard.When I was awarded a Nobel Prize, I thought my mother would be pleased.Not so.When I called her on the morning of the announcement, she replied, “That's nice, but when are you going to visit me next.” Now, as the last brother with a degree from Harvard, maybe, at last, she will be satisfied.我很感激哈佛大學給我榮譽學位，這對我很重要，也許比你們會想到的還要重要。要知道，在學術上，我是我們家的不肖之子。我的哥哥在麻省理工學院得到醫學博士，在哈佛大學得到哲學博士；我的弟弟在哈佛大學得到一個法律學位。我本人得到諾貝爾獎的時候，我想我的媽媽會高興。但是，我錯了。消息公布的那天早上，我給她打電話，她聽了只說：“這是好消息，不過我想知道，你下次什么時候來看我？”如今在我們兄弟當中，我最終也拿到了哈佛學位，我想這一次，她會感到滿意。

Another difficulty with giving a Harvard commencement address is that some of you may disapprove of the fact that I have borrowed material from previous speeches.I ask that you forgive me for two reasons.在哈佛大學畢業典禮上發表演講，還有一個難處，那就是你們中有些人可能有意見，不喜歡我重復前人演講中說過的話。我要求你們諒解我，因為兩個理由。

First, in order to have impact, it is important to deliver the same message more than once.In science, it is important to be the first person to make a discovery, but it is even more important to be the last person to make that discovery.首先，為了產生影響力，很重要的方法就是重復傳遞同樣的信息。在科學中，第一個發現者是重要的，但是在得到公認前，最后一個將這個發現重復做出來的人也許更重要。

Second, authors who borrow from others are following in the footsteps of the best.Ralph Waldo Emerson, who graduated from Harvard at the age of 18, noted “All my best thoughts were stolen by the ancients.” Picasso declared “Good artists borrow.Great artists steal.” Why should commencement speakers be held to a higher standard? 其次，一個借鑒他人的作者，正走在一條前人開辟的最佳道路上。哈佛大學畢業生、詩人愛默生曾經寫下：“古人把我最好的一些思想都偷走了。”畫家畢加索宣稱“優秀的藝術家借鑒，偉大的藝術家偷竊。”那么為什么畢業典禮的演說者，就不適用同樣的標準呢？

I also want to point out the irony of speaking to graduates of an institution that would have rejected me, had I the chutzpah to apply.I am married to “Dean Jean,” the former dean of admissions at Stanford.She assures me that she would have rejected me, if given the chance.When I showed her a draft of this speech, she objected strongly to my use of the word “rejected.” She never rejected applicants;her letters stated that “we are unable to offer you admission.” I have difficulty understanding the difference.After all, deans of admissions of highly selective schools are in reality, “deans of rejection.” Clearly, I have a lot to learn about marketing.我還要指出一點，向哈佛畢業生發表演說，對我來說是有諷刺意味的，因為如果當年我斗膽向哈佛大學遞交入學申請，一定會被拒絕。我的妻子Jean當過斯坦福大學的招生主任，她向我保證，如果當年我申請斯坦福大學，她會拒絕我。我把這篇演講的草稿給她過目，她強烈反對我使用“拒絕”這個詞，她從來不拒絕任何申請者。在拒絕信中，她總是寫：“我們無法提供你入學機會。”我分不清兩者到底有何差別。在我看來，那些大熱門學校的招生主任與其稱為“準許你入學的主任”，還不如稱為“拒絕你入學的主任”。很顯然，我需要好好學學怎么來推銷自己。

My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses.The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks.This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed.As Oscar Wilde said, “The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on.It is never of any use to oneself.” So, here comes the advice.First, every time you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible.Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself.Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success.To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them.Also, of course, thank Harvard.Should you forget, there's an alumni association to remind you.Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit.In all negotiations, don't bargain for the last, little advantage.Leave the change on the table.In your collaborations, always remember that “credit” is not a conserved quantity.In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit.畢業典禮演講都遵循古典奏鳴曲的結構，我的演講也不例外。剛才是第一樂章----輕快的閑談。接下來的第二樂章是送上門的忠告。這樣的忠告很少被重視，幾乎注定被忘記，永遠不會被實踐。但是，就像王爾德說的：“對于忠告，你所能做的，就是把它送給別人，因為它對你沒有任何用處。”所以，下面就是我的忠告。第一，取得成就的時候，不要忘記前人。要感謝你的父母和支持你的朋友，要感謝那些啟發過你的教授，尤其要感謝那些上不好課的教授，因為他們迫使你自學。從長遠看，自學能力是優秀的文理教育中必不可少的，將成為你成功的關鍵。你還要去擁抱你的同學，感謝他們同你進行過的許多次徹夜長談，這為你的教育帶來了無法衡量的價值。當然，你還要感謝哈佛大學。不過即使你忘了這一點，校友會也會來提醒你。第二，在你們未來的人生中，做一個慷慨大方的人。在任何談判中，都把最后一點點利益留給對方。不要把桌上的錢都拿走。在合作中，要牢記榮譽不是一個守恒的量。成功合作的任何一方，都應獲得全部榮譽的90%。

Jimmy Stewart, as Elwood P.Dowd in the movie “Harvey” got it exactly right.He said: “Years ago my mother used to say to me, 'In this world, Elwood, you must be...she always used to call me Elwood...in this world, Elwood, you must be oh so smart or oh so pleasant.'” Well, for years I was smart....I recommend pleasant.You may quote me on that.電影《Harvey》中，Jimmy Stewart扮演的角色Elwood P.Dowd，就完全理解這一點。他說：“多年前，母親曾經對我說，'Elwood，活在這個世界上，你要么做一個聰明人，要么做一個好人。'”我做聰明人，已經做了好多年了。......但是，我推薦你們做好人。你們可以引用我這句話。

My third piece of advice is as follows: As you begin this new stage of your lives, follow your passion.If you don't have a passion, don't be satisfied until you find one.Life is too short to go through it without caring deeply about something.When I was your age, I was incredibly single-minded in my goal to be a physicist.After college, I spent eight years as a graduate student and postdoc at Berkeley, and then nine years at Bell Labs.During that my time, my central focus and professional joy was physics.我的第三個忠告是，當你開始生活的新階段時，請跟隨你的愛好。如果你沒有愛好，就去找，找不到就不罷休。生命太短暫，如果想有所成，你必須對某樣東西傾注你的深情。我在你們這個年齡，是超級的一根筋，我的目標就是非成為物理學家不可。本科畢業后，我在加州大學伯克利分校又待了8年，讀完了研究生，做完了博士后，然后去貝爾實驗室待了9年。在這些年中，我關注的中心和職業上的全部樂趣，都來自物理學。

Here is my final piece of advice.Pursuing a personal passion is important, but it should not be your only goal.When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done.The source of that pride won't be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received.It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made.我還有最后一個忠告，就是說興趣愛好固然重要，但是你不應該只考慮興趣愛好。當你白發蒼蒼、垂垂老矣、回首人生時，你需要為自己做過的事感到自豪。你的物質生活和得到的承認，都不會產生自豪。只有那些你出手相助、被你改變過的人和事，才會讓你產生自豪。

After nine years at Bell labs, I decided to leave that warm, cozy ivory tower for what I considered to be the “real world,” a university.Bell Labs, to quote what was said about Mary Poppins, was “practically perfect in every way,” but I wanted to leave behind something more than scientific articles.I wanted to teach and give birth to my own set of scientific children.在貝爾實驗室待了9年后，我決定離開這個溫暖舒適的象牙塔，走進我眼中的“真實世界”----大學。我對貝爾實驗室的看法，就像別人形容電影Mary Poppins的話，“實際上完美無缺”。但是，我想為世界留下更多的東西，不只是科學論文。我要去教書，培育我自己在科學上的后代。

Ted Geballe, a friend and distinguished colleague of mine at Stanford, who also went from Berkeley to Bell Labs to Stanford years earlier, described our motives best: 我在斯坦福大學有一個好友兼杰出同事Ted Geballe。他也是從伯克利分校去了貝爾實驗室，幾年前又離開貝爾實驗室去了斯坦福大學。他對我們的動機做出了最佳描述：

“The best part of working at a university is the students.They come in fresh, enthusiastic, open to ideas, unscarred by the battles of life.They don't realize it, but they're the recipients of the best our society can offer.If a mind is ever free to be creative, that's the time.They come in believing textbooks are authoritative, but eventually they figure out that textbooks and professors don't know everything, and then they start to think on their own.Then, I begin learning from them.” “在大學工作，最大的優點就是學生。他們生機勃勃，充滿熱情，思想自由，還沒被生活的重壓改變。雖然他們自己沒有意識到，但是他們是這個社會中你能找到的最佳受眾。如果生命中曾經有過思想自由和充滿創造力的時期，那么那個時期就是你在讀大學。進校時，學生們對課本上的一字一句毫不懷疑，漸漸地，他們發現課本和教授并不是無所不知的，于是他們開始獨立思考。從那時起，就是我開始向他們學習了。”

My students, post doctoral fellows, and the young researchers who worked with me at Bell Labs, Stanford, and Berkeley have been extraordinary.Over 30 former group members are now professors, many at the best research institutions in the world, including Harvard.I have learned much from them.Even now, in rare moments on weekends, the remaining members of my biophysics group meet with me in the ether world of cyberspace.我教過的學生、帶過的博士后、合作過的年輕同事，都非常優秀。他們中有30多人，現在已經是教授了。他們所在的研究機構有不少是全世界第一流的，其中就包括哈佛大學。我從他們身上學到了很多東西。即使現在，我偶爾還會周末上網，向現在還從事生物物理學研究的學生請教。

I began teaching with the idea of giving back;I received more than I gave.This brings me to the final movement of this speech.It begins with a story about an extraordinary scientific discovery and a new dilemma that it poses.It's a call to arms and about making a difference.我懷著回報社會的想法，開始了教學生涯。我的一生中，得到的多于我付出的，所以我要回報社會。這就引出了這次演講的最后一個樂章。首先我要講一個了不起的科學發現，以及由此帶來的新挑戰。它是一個戰斗的號令，到了做出改變的時候了。

In the last several decades, our climate has been changing.Climate change is not new: the Earth went through six ice ages in the past 600,000 years.However, recent measurements show that the climate has begun to change rapidly.The size of the North Polar Ice Cap in the month of September is only half the size it was a mere 50 years ago.The sea level which been rising since direct measurements began in 1870 at a rate that is now five times faster than it was at the beginning of recorded measurements.Here's the remarkable scientific discovery.For the first time in human history, science is now making predictions of how our actions will affect the world 50 and 100 years from now.These changes are due to an increase in carbon dioxide put into the atmosphere since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.The Earth has warmed up by roughly 0.8 degrees Celsius since the beginning of the Revolution.There is already approximately a 1 degree rise built into the system, even if we stop all greenhouse gas emissions today.Why? It will take decades to warm up the deep oceans before the temperature reaches a new equilibrium.過去幾十年中，我們的氣候一直在發生變化。氣候變化并不是現在才有的，過去60萬年中就發生了6次冰河期。但是，現在的測量表明氣候變化加速了。北極冰蓋在9月份的大小，只相當于50年前的一半。1870年起，人們開始測量海平面上升的速度，現在的速度是那時的5倍。一個重大的科學發現就這樣產生了。科學第一次在人類歷史上，預測出我們的行為對50~100年后的世界有何影響。這些變化的原因是，從工業革命開始，人類排放到大氣中的二氧化碳增加 了。這使得地球的平均氣溫上升了0.8攝氏度。即使我們立刻停止所有溫室氣體的排放，氣溫仍然將比過去上升大約1度。因為在氣溫達到均衡前，海水溫度的上升將持續幾十年。

If the world continues on a business-as-usual path, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that there is a fifty-fifty chance the temperature will exceed 5 degrees by the end of this century.This increase may not sound like much, but let me remind you that during the last ice age, the world was only 6 degrees colder.During this time, most of Canada and the United States down to Ohio and Pennsylvania were covered year round by a glacier.A world 5 degrees warmer will be very different.The change will be so rapid that many species, including Humans, will have a hard time adapting.I've been told for example, that, in a much warmer world, insects were bigger.I wonder if this thing buzzing around is a precursor.如果全世界保持現在的經濟模式不變，聯合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會（IPCC）預測，本世紀末將有50%的可能，氣溫至少上升5度。這聽起來好像不多，但是讓我來提醒你，上一次的冰河期，地球的氣溫也僅僅只下降了6度。那時，俄亥俄州和賓夕法尼亞州以北的大部分美國和加拿大的土地，都終年被冰川覆蓋。氣溫上升5度的地球，將是一個非常不同的地球。由于變化來得太快，包括人類在內的許多生物，都將很難適應。比如，有人告訴我，在更溫暖的環境中，昆蟲的個頭將變大。我不知道現在身旁嗡嗡叫的這只大蒼蠅，是不是就是前兆。

We also face the specter of nonlinear “tipping points” that may cause much more severe changes.An example of a tipping point is the thawing of the permafrost.The permafrost contains immense amounts of frozen organic matter that have been accumulating for millennia.If the soil melts, microbes will spring to life and cause this debris to rot.The difference in biological activity below freezing and above freezing is something we are all familiar with.Frozen food remains edible for a very long time in the freezer, but once thawed, it spoils quickly.How much methane and carbon dioxide might be released from the rotting permafrost? If even a fraction of the carbon is released, it could be greater than all the greenhouse gases we have released to since the beginning of the industrial revolution.Once started, a runaway effect could occur.我們還面臨另一個幽靈，那就是非線性的“氣候引爆點”，這會帶來許多嚴重得多的變化。“氣候引爆點”的一個例子就是永久凍土層的融化。永久凍土層經 過千萬年的累積形成，其中包含了巨量的凍僵的有機物。如果凍土融化，微生物就將廣泛繁殖，使得凍土層中的有機物快速腐爛。冷凍后的生物和冷凍前的生物，它 們在生物學特性上的差異，我們都很熟悉。在冷庫中，冷凍食品在經過長時間保存后，依然可以食用。但是，一旦解凍，食品很快就腐爛了。一個腐爛的永久凍土層，將釋放出多少甲烷和二氧化碳？即使只有一部分的碳被釋放出來，可能也比我們從工業革命開始釋放出來的所有溫室氣體還要多。這種事情一旦發生，局勢就失控了。

The climate problem is the unintended consequence of our success.We depend on fossil energy to keep our homes warm in the winter, cool in the summer, and lit at night;we use it to travel across town and across continents.Energy is a fundamental reason for the prosperity we enjoy, and we will not surrender this prosperity.The United States has 3 percent of the world population, and yet, we consume 25 percent of the energy.By contrast, there are 1.6 billion people who don't have access to electricity.Hundreds of millions of people still cook with twigs or dung.The life we enjoy may not be within the reach of the developing world, but it is within sight, and they want what we have.氣候問題是我們的經濟發展在無意中帶來的后果。我們太依賴化石能源，冬天取暖，夏天制冷，夜間照明，長途旅行，環球觀光。能源是經濟繁榮的基礎，我 們不可能放棄經濟繁榮。美國人口占全世界的3%，但是我們消耗全世界25%的能源。與此形成對照，全世界還有16億人沒有電，數億人依靠燃燒樹枝和動物糞便來煮飯。發展中國家的人民享受不到我們的生活，但是他們都看在眼里，他們渴望擁有我們擁有的東西。

Here is the dilemma.How much are we willing to invest, as a world society, to mitigate the consequences of climate change that will not be realized for at least 100 years? Deeply rooted in all cultures, is the notion of generational responsibility.Parents work hard so that their children will have a better life.Climate change will affect the entire world, but our natural focus is on the welfare of our immediate families.Can we, as a world society, meet our responsibility to future generations? 這就是新的挑戰。全世界作為一個整體，我們到底愿意付出多少，來緩和氣候變化？這種付出至少在100年內，都不會有明顯效果。代際責任深深植根于所有文化中。家長努力工作，為了讓他們的孩子有更好的生活。氣候變化將影響整個世界，但是我們的天性使得我們只關心個人家庭的福利。我們能不能把全世界看作一個整體？能不能為未來的人們承擔起責任？

While I am worried, I am hopeful we will solve this problem.I became the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in part because I wanted to enlist some of the best scientific minds to help battle against climate change.I was there only four and a half years, the shortest serving director in the 78-year history of the Lab, but when I left, a number of very exciting energy institutes at the Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley had been established.雖然我憂心忡忡，但是還是對未來抱樂觀態度，這個問題將會得到解決。我同意出任勞倫斯-伯克利國家實驗室主任，部分原因是我想招募一些世界上最好的科學家，來研究氣候變化的對策。我在那里干了4年半，是這個實驗室78年的歷史中，任期最短的主任，但是當我離任時，在伯克利實驗室和伯克利分校，一些非常激動人心的能源研究機構已經建立起來了。

I am extremely privileged to be part of the Obama administration.If there ever was a time to help steer America and the world towards a path of sustainable energy, now is the time.The message the President is delivering is not one of doom and gloom, but of optimism and opportunity.I share this optimism.The task ahead is daunting, but we can and will succeed.能夠成為奧巴馬施政團隊的一員，我感到極其榮幸。如果有一個時機，可以引導美國和全世界走上可持續能源的道路，那么這個時機就是現在。總統已經發出 信息，未來并非在劫難逃，而是樂觀的，我們依然有機會。我也抱有這種樂觀主義。我們面前的任務令人生畏，但是我們能夠并且將會成功。

We know some of the answers already.There are immediate and significant savings in energy efficiency and conservation.Energy efficiency is not just low-hanging fruit;it is fruit lying on the ground.For example, we have the potential to make buildings 80 percent more efficient with investments that will pay for themselves in less than 15 years.Buildings consume 40 percent of the energy we use, and a transition to energy efficient buildings will cut our carbon emissions by one-third.我們已經有了一些答案，可以立竿見影地節約能源和提高能源使用效率。它們不是掛在枝頭的水果，而是已經成熟掉在地上了，就看我們愿不愿意撿起來。比 如，我們有辦法將樓宇的耗電減少80%，增加的投資在15年內就可以收回來。樓宇的耗電占我們能源消費的40%，節能樓宇的推廣將使我們二氧化碳的釋放減 少三分之一。

We are revving up the remarkable American innovation machine that will be the basis of a new American prosperity.We will invent much improved methods to harness the sun, the wind, nuclear power, and capture and sequester the carbon dioxide emitted from our power plants.Advanced bio-fuels and the electrification of personal vehicles make us less dependent on foreign oil.我們正在加速美國這座巨大的創新機器，這將是下一次美國大繁榮的基礎。我們將大量投資有效利用太陽能、風能、核能的新方法，大量投資能夠捕獲和隔離電廠廢氣中的二氧化碳的方法。先進的生物燃料和電力汽車將使得我們不再那么依賴外國的石油。

In the coming decades, we will almost certainly face higher oil prices and be in a carbon-constrained economy.We have the opportunity to lead in development of a new, industrial revolution.The great hockey player, Wayne Gretzky, when asked, how he positions himself on the ice, he replied,“ I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it's been.” America should do the same.在未來的幾十年中，我們幾乎肯定會面對更高的油價和更嚴厲的二氧化碳限制排放政策。這是一場新的工業革命，美國有機會充當領導者。偉大的冰上曲棍球選手Wayne Gretzky被問到，他如何在冰上跑位，回答說：“我滑向球下一步的位置，而不是它現在的位置。”美國也應該這樣做。

The Obama administration is laying a new foundation for a prosperous and sustainable energy future, but we don't have all of the answers.That's where you come in.In this address, I am asking you, the Harvard graduates, to join us.As our future intellectual leaders, take the time to learn more about what's at stake, and then act on that knowledge.As future scientists and engineers, I ask you to give us better technology solutions.As future economists and political scientists, I ask you to create better policy options.As future business leaders, I ask that you make sustainability an integral part of your business.奧巴馬政府正在為美國的繁榮和可持續能源，打下新的基礎。但是我們無法為所有問題都找到答案。這就需要你們的參與。在本次演講中，我請求在座各位哈佛畢業生加入我們。你們是我們未來的智力領袖，請花時間加深理解目前的危險局勢，然后采取相應的行動。你們是未來的科學家和工程師，我要求你們給我們更好的技術方案。你們是未來的經濟學家和政治學家，我要求你們創造更好的政策選擇。你們是未來的企業家，我要求你們將可持續發展作為你們業務中不可分割的一部分。

Finally, as humanists, I ask that you speak to our common humanity.One of the cruelest ironies about climate change is that the ones who will be hurt the most are the most innocent: the worlds poorest and those yet to be born.最后，你們是人道主義者，我要求你們為了人道主義說話。氣候變化帶來的最殘酷的諷刺之一，就是最受傷害的人，恰恰就是最無辜的人----那些世界上最窮的人們和那些還沒有出生的人。

The coda to this last movement is borrowed from two humanists.這個最后樂章的完結部是引用兩個人道主義者的話。

The first quote is from Martin Luther King.He spoke on ending the war in Vietnam in 1967, but his message seems so fitting for today's climate crisis: 第一段引語來自馬丁?路德?金。這是1967年他對越南戰爭結束的評論，但是看上去非常適合用來評論今天的氣候危機。

“This call for a worldwide fellowship that lifts neighborly concern beyond one's tribe, race, class, and nation is in reality a call for an all-embracing and unconditional love for all mankind.This oft misunderstood, this oft misinterpreted concept, so readily dismissed by the Nietzsches of the world as a weak and cowardly force, has now become an absolute necessity for the survival of man...We are now faced with the fact, my friends, that tomorrow is today.We are confronted with the fierce urgency of now.In this unfolding conundrum of life and history, there is such a thing as being too late.” “我呼吁全世界的人們團結一心，拋棄種族、膚色、階級、國籍的隔閡；我呼吁包羅一切、無條件的對全人類的愛。你會因此遭受誤解和誤讀，信奉尼采哲學的世人會認定你是一個軟弱和膽怯的懦夫。但是，這是人類存在下去的絕對必需。......我的朋友，眼前的事實就是，明天就是今天。此刻，我們面臨最緊急的情況。在變幻莫測的生活和歷史之中，有一樣東西叫做悔之晚矣。”

The final message is from William Faulkner.On December 10th, 1950, his Nobel Prize banquet speech was about the role of humanists in a world facing potential nuclear holocaust.第二段引語來自威廉?福克納。1950年12月10月，他在諾貝爾獎獲獎晚宴上發表演說，談到了世界在核戰爭的陰影之下，人道主義者應該扮演什么樣的角色。

“I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail.He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance.The poet's, the writer's, duty is to write about these things.It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past.” “我相信人類不僅能忍耐，而且會獲勝。人類是不朽的，這不是因為萬物當中僅僅他會無窮盡的呼喊，而是因為他有一個靈魂，有同情心、犧牲精神和忍耐力。詩人和作家的責任就是寫這些東西。他們的特權正是通過鼓舞人類，喚起人類原有的榮耀----勇氣、榮譽、希望、自尊、憐憫之心和犧牲精神，去幫助人類學會忍耐。”

Graduates, you have an extraordinary role to play in our future.As you pursue your private passions, I hope you will also develop a passion and a voice to help the world in ways both large and small.Nothing will give you greater satisfaction.各位畢業生同學，你們在我們的未來中扮演舉足輕重的角色。當你們追求個人的志向時，我希望你們也會發揚奉獻精神，積極發聲，在大大小小各個方面幫助改進這個世界。這會給你們帶來最大的滿足感。

Please accept my warmest congratulations.May you prosper, may you help preserve and save our planet for your children, and all future children of the world.最后，請接受我最熱烈的祝賀。希望你們成功，也希望你們保護和拯救我們這個星球，為了你們的孩子，以及未來所有的孩子。

第四篇：朱棣文哈弗演講

Table3.The drying frequencies of model 階數 1 2 頻率/HZ 1.807 4.429 5.981 6.783 9.858 10.036 11.361 13.018 13.404

13.76

Madam President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, faculty, family, friends, and, most importantly, today's graduates，尊敬的Faust校長，哈佛集團的各位成員，監管理事會的各位理事，各位老師，各位家長，各位朋友，以及最重要的各位畢業生同學，Thank you for letting me share this wonderful day with you.感謝你們，讓我有機會同你們一起分享這個美妙的日子。

I am not sure I can live up to the high standards of Harvard Commencement speakers.Last year, J.K.Rowling, the billionaire novelist, who started as a classics student, graced this podium.The year before, Bill Gates, the mega-billionaire philanthropist and computer nerd stood here.Today, sadly, you have me.I am not a billionaire, but at least I am a nerd.我不太肯定，自己夠得上哈佛大學畢業典禮演講人這樣的殊榮。去年登上這個講臺的是，英國億萬身家的小說家J.K.Rowling女士，她最早是一個古典文學的學生。前年站在這里的是比爾?蓋茨先生，他是一個超級富翁、一個慈善家和電腦高手。今年很遺憾，你們的演講人是我，雖然我不是很有錢，但是至少我也算一個高手。

I am grateful to receive an honorary degree from Harvard, an honor that means more to me than you might care to imagine.You see, I was the academic black sheep of my family.My older brother has an M.D./Ph.D.from MIT and Harvard while my younger brother has a law degree from Harvard.When I was awarded a Nobel Prize, I thought my mother would be pleased.Not so.When I called her on the morning of the announcement, she replied, “That's nice, but when are you going to visit me next.” Now, as the last brother with a degree from Harvard, maybe, at last, she will be satisfied.我很感激哈佛大學給我榮譽學位，這對我很重要，也許比你們會想到的還要重要。要知道，在學術上，我是我們家的不肖之子。我的哥哥在麻省理工學院得到醫學博士，在哈佛大學得到哲學博士；我的弟弟在哈佛大學得到一個法律學位。我本人得到諾貝爾獎的時候，我想我的媽媽會高興。但是，我錯了。消息公布的那天早上，我給她打電話，她聽了只說：“這是好消息，不過我想知道，你下次什么時候來看我？”如今在我們兄弟當中，我最終也拿到了哈佛學位，我想這一次，她會感到滿意。

Another difficulty with giving a Harvard commencement address is that some of you may disapprove of the fact that I have borrowed material from previous speeches.I ask that you forgive me for two reasons.在哈佛大學畢業典禮上發表演講，還有一個難處，那就是你們中有些人可能有意見，不喜歡我重復前人演講中說過的話。我要求你們諒解我，因為兩個理由。

First, in order to have impact, it is important to deliver the same message more than once.In science, it is important to be the first person to make a discovery, but it is even more important to be the last person to make that discovery.首先，為了產生影響力，很重要的方法就是重復傳遞同樣的信息。在科學中，第一個發現者是重要的，但是在得到公認前，最后一個將這個發現重復做出來的人也許更重要。

Second, authors who borrow from others are following in the footsteps of the best.Ralph Waldo Emerson, who graduated from Harvard at the age of 18, noted “All my best thoughts were stolen by the ancients.” Picasso declared “Good artists borrow.Great artists steal.” Why should commencement speakers be held to a higher standard?

其次，一個借鑒他人的作者，正走在一條前人開辟的最佳道路上。哈佛大學畢業生、詩人愛默生曾經寫下：“古人把我最好的一些思想都偷走了。”畫家畢加索宣稱“優秀的藝術家借鑒，偉大的藝術家偷竊。”那么為什么畢業典禮的演說者，就不適用同樣的標準呢？

I also want to point out the irony of speaking to graduates of an institution that would have rejected me, had I the chutzpah to apply.I am married to “Dean Jean,” the former dean of admissions at Stanford.She assures me that she would have rejected me, if given the chance.When I showed her a draft of this speech, she objected strongly to my use of the word “rejected.” She never rejected applicants;her letters stated that “we are unable to offer you admission.” I have difficulty understanding the difference.After all, deans of admissions of highly selective schools are in reality, “deans of rejection.” Clearly, I have a lot to learn about marketing.我還要指出一點，向哈佛畢業生發表演說，對我來說是有諷刺意味的，因為如果當年我斗膽向哈佛大學遞交入學申請，一定會被拒絕。我的妻子Jean當過斯坦福大學的招生主任，她向我保證，如果當年我申請斯坦福大學，她會拒絕我。我把這篇演講的草稿給她過目，她強烈反對我使用“拒絕”這個詞，她從來不拒絕任何申請者。在拒絕信中，她總是寫：“我們無法提供你入學機會。”我分不清兩者到底有何差別。在我看來，那些大熱門學校的招生主任與其稱為“準許你入學的主任”，還不如稱為“拒絕你入學的主任”。很顯然，我需要好好學學怎么來推銷自己。

My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses.The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks.This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed.As Oscar Wilde said, “The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on.It is never of any use to oneself.” So, here comes the advice.First, every time you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible.Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself.Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success.To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them.Also, of course, thank Harvard.Should you forget, there's an alumni association to remind you.Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit.In all negotiations, don't bargain for the last, little advantage.Leave the change on the table.In your collaborations, always remember that “credit” is not a conserved quantity.In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit.畢業典禮演講都遵循古典奏鳴曲的結構，我的演講也不例外。剛才是第一樂章----輕快的閑談。接下來的第二樂章是送上門的忠告。這樣的忠告很少被重視，幾乎注定被忘記，永遠不會被實踐。但是，就像王爾德說的：“對于忠告，你所能做的，就是把它送給別人，因為它對你沒有任何用處。”所以，下面就是我的忠告。第一，取得成就的時候，不要忘記前人。要感謝你的父母和支持你的朋友，要感謝那些啟發過你的教授，尤其要感謝那些上不好課的教授，因為他們迫使你自學。從長遠看，自學能力是優秀的文理教育中必不可少的，將成為你成功的關鍵。你還要去擁抱你的同學，感謝他們同你進行過的許多次徹夜長談，這為你的教育帶來了無法衡量的價值。當然，你還要感謝哈佛大學。不過即使你忘了這一點，校友會也會來提醒你。第二，在你們未來的人生中，做一個慷慨大方的人。在任何談判中，都把最后一點點利益留給對方。不要把桌上的錢都拿走。在合作中，要牢記榮譽不是一個守恒的量。成功合作的任何一方，都應獲得全部榮譽的90%。

Jimmy Stewart, as Elwood P.Dowd in the movie “Harvey” got it exactly right.He said: “Years ago my mother used to say to me, 'In this world, Elwood, you must be...she always used to call me Elwood...in this world, Elwood, you must be oh so smart or oh so pleasant.'” Well, for years I was smart....I recommend pleasant.You may quote me on that.電影《Harvey》中，Jimmy Stewart扮演的角色Elwood P.Dowd，就完全理解這一點。他說：“多年前，母親曾經對我說，'Elwood，活在這個世界上，你要么做一個聰明人，要么做一個好人。'”我做聰明人，已經做了好多年了。......但是，我推薦你們做好人。你們可以引用我這句話。

My third piece of advice is as follows: As you begin this new stage of your lives, follow your passion.If you don't have a passion, don't be satisfied until you find one.Life is too short to go through it without caring deeply about something.When I was your age, I was incredibly single-minded in my goal to be a physicist.After college, I spent eight years as a graduate student and postdoc at Berkeley, and then nine years at Bell Labs.During that my time, my central focus and professional joy was physics.我的第三個忠告是，當你開始生活的新階段時，請跟隨你的愛好。如果你沒有愛好，就去找，找不到就不罷休。生命太短暫，如果想有所成，你必須對某樣東西傾注你的深情。我在你們這個年齡，是超級的一根筋，我的目標就是非成為物理學家不可。本科畢業后，我在加州大學伯克利分校又待了8年，讀完了研究生，做完了博士后，然后去貝爾實驗室待了9年。在這些年中，我關注的中心和職業上的全部樂趣，都來自物理學。

Here is my final piece of advice.Pursuing a personal passion is important, but it should not be your only goal.When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done.The source of that pride won't be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received.It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made.我還有最后一個忠告，就是說興趣愛好固然重要，但是你不應該只考慮興趣愛好。當你白發蒼蒼、垂垂老矣、回首人生時，你需要為自己做過的事感到自豪。你的物質生活和得到的承認，都不會產生自豪。只有那些你出手相助、被你改變過的人和事，才會讓你產生自豪。

After nine years at Bell labs, I decided to leave that warm, cozy ivory tower for what I considered to be the “real world,” a university.Bell Labs, to quote what was said about Mary Poppins, was “practically perfect in every way,” but I wanted to leave behind something more than scientific articles.I wanted to teach and give birth to my own set of scientific children.在貝爾實驗室待了9年后，我決定離開這個溫暖舒適的象牙塔，走進我眼中的“真實世界”----大學。我對貝爾實驗室的看法，就像別人形容電影Mary Poppins的話，“實際上完美無缺”。但是，我想為世界留下更多的東西，不只是科學論文。我要去教書，培育我自己在科學上的后代。

Ted Geballe, a friend and distinguished colleague of mine at Stanford, who also went from Berkeley to Bell Labs to Stanford years earlier, described our motives best:

我在斯坦福大學有一個好友兼杰出同事Ted Geballe。他也是從伯克利分校去了貝爾實驗室，幾年前又離開貝爾實驗室去了斯坦福大學。他對我們的動機做出了最佳描述：

“The best part of working at a university is the students.They come in fresh, enthusiastic, open to ideas, unscarred by the battles of life.They don't realize it, but they're the recipients of the best our society can offer.If a mind is ever free to be creative, that's the time.They come in believing textbooks are authoritative, but eventually they figure out that textbooks and professors don't know everything, and then they start to think on their own.Then, I begin learning from them.”

“在大學工作，最大的優點就是學生。他們生機勃勃，充滿熱情，思想自由，還沒被生活的重壓改變。雖然他們自己沒有意識到，但是他們是這個社會中你能找到的最佳受眾。如果生命中曾經有過思想自由和充滿創造力的時期，那么那個時期就是你在讀大學。進校時，學生們對課本上的一字一句毫不懷疑，漸漸地，他們發現課本和教授并不是無所不知的，于是他們開始獨立思考。從那時起，就是我開始向他們學習了。”

My students, post doctoral fellows, and the young researchers who worked with me at Bell Labs, Stanford, and Berkeley have been extraordinary.Over 30 former group members are now professors, many at the best research institutions in the world, including Harvard.I have learned much from them.Even now, in rare moments on weekends, the remaining members of my biophysics group meet with me in the ether world of cyberspace.我教過的學生、帶過的博士后、合作過的年輕同事，都非常優秀。他們中有30多人，現在已經是教授了。他們所在的研究機構有不少是全世界第一流的，其中就包括哈佛大學。我從他們身上學到了很多東西。即使現在，我偶爾還會周末上網，向現在還從事生物物理學研究的學生請教。

I began teaching with the idea of giving back;I received more than I gave.This brings me to the final movement of this speech.It begins with a story about an extraordinary scientific discovery and a new dilemma that it poses.It's a call to arms and about making a difference.我懷著回報社會的想法，開始了教學生涯。我的一生中，得到的多于我付出的，所以我要回報社會。這就引出了這次演講的最后一個樂章。首先我要講一個了不起的科學發現，以及由此帶來的新挑戰。它是一個戰斗的號令，到了做出改變的時候了。

In the last several decades, our climate has been changing.Climate change is not new: the Earth went through six ice ages in the past 600,000 years.However, recent measurements show that the climate has begun to change rapidly.The size of the North Polar Ice Cap in the month of September is only half the size it was a mere 50 years ago.The sea level which been rising since direct measurements began in 1870 at a rate that is now five times faster than it was at the beginning of recorded measurements.Here's the remarkable scientific discovery.For the first time in human history, science is now making predictions of how our actions will affect the world 50 and 100 years from now.These changes are due to an increase in carbon dioxide put into the atmosphere since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.The Earth has warmed up by roughly 0.8 degrees Celsius since the beginning of the Revolution.There is already approximately a 1 degree rise built into the system, even if we stop all greenhouse gas emissions today.Why? It will take decades to warm up the deep oceans before the temperature reaches a new equilibrium.過去幾十年中，我們的氣候一直在發生變化。氣候變化并不是現在才有的，過去60萬年中就發生了6次冰河期。但是，現在的測量表明氣候變化加速了。北極冰蓋在9月份的大小，只相當于50年前的一半。1870年起，人們開始測量海平面上升的速度，現在的速度是那時的5倍。一個重大的科學發現就這樣產生了。科學第一次在人類歷史上，預測出我們的行為對50~100年后的世界有何影響。這些變化的原因是，從工業革命開始，人類排放到大氣中的二氧化碳增加 了。這使得地球的平均氣溫上升了0.8攝氏度。即使我們立刻停止所有溫室氣體的排放，氣溫仍然將比過去上升大約1度。因為在氣溫達到均衡前，海水溫度的上升將持續幾十年。

If the world continues on a business-as-usual path, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that there is a fifty-fifty chance the temperature will exceed 5 degrees by the end of this century.This increase may not sound like much, but let me remind you that during the last ice age, the world was only 6 degrees colder.During this time, most of Canada and the United States down to Ohio and Pennsylvania were covered year round by a glacier.A world 5 degrees warmer will be very different.The change will be so rapid that many species, including Humans, will have a hard time adapting.I've been told for example, that, in a much warmer world, insects were bigger.I wonder if this thing buzzing around is a precursor.如果全世界保持現在的經濟模式不變，聯合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會（IPCC）預測，本世紀末將有50%的可能，氣溫至少上升5度。這聽起來好像不多，但是讓我來提醒你，上一次的冰河期，地球的氣溫也僅僅只下降了6度。那時，俄亥俄州和賓夕法尼亞州以北的大部分美國和加拿大的土地，都終年被冰川覆蓋。氣溫上升5度的地球，將是一個非常不同的地球。由于變化來得太快，包括人類在內的許多生物，都將很難適應。比如，有人告訴我，在更溫暖的環境中，昆蟲的個頭將變大。我不知道現在身旁嗡嗡叫的這只大蒼蠅，是不是就是前兆。

We also face the specter of nonlinear “tipping points” that may cause much more severe changes.An example of a tipping point is the thawing of the permafrost.The permafrost contains immense amounts of frozen organic matter that have been accumulating for millennia.If the soil melts, microbes will spring to life and cause this debris to rot.The difference in biological activity below freezing and above freezing is something we are all familiar with.Frozen food remains edible for a very long time in the freezer, but once thawed, it spoils quickly.How much methane and carbon dioxide might be released from the rotting permafrost? If even a fraction of the carbon is released, it could be greater than all the greenhouse gases we have released to since the beginning of the industrial revolution.Once started, a runaway effect could occur.我們還面臨另一個幽靈，那就是非線性的“氣候引爆點”，這會帶來許多嚴重得多的變化。“氣候引爆點”的一個例子就是永久凍土層的融化。永久凍土層經 過千萬年的累積形成，其中包含了巨量的凍僵的有機物。如果凍土融化，微生物就將廣泛繁殖，使得凍土層中的有機物快速腐爛。冷凍后的生物和冷凍前的生物，它 們在生物學特性上的差異，我們都很熟悉。在冷庫中，冷凍食品在經過長時間保存后，依然可以食用。但是，一旦解凍，食品很快就腐爛了。一個腐爛的永久凍土層，將釋放出多少甲烷和二氧化碳？即使只有一部分的碳被釋放出來，可能也比我們從工業革命開始釋放出來的所有溫室氣體還要多。這種事情一旦發生，局勢就失控了。

The climate problem is the unintended consequence of our success.We depend on fossil energy to keep our homes warm in the winter, cool in the summer, and lit at night;we use it to travel across town and across continents.Energy is a fundamental reason for the prosperity we enjoy, and we will not surrender this prosperity.The United States has 3 percent of the world population, and yet, we consume 25 percent of the energy.By contrast, there are 1.6 billion people who don't have access to electricity.Hundreds of millions of people still cook with twigs or dung.The life we enjoy may not be within the reach of the developing world, but it is within sight, and they want what we have.氣候問題是我們的經濟發展在無意中帶來的后果。我們太依賴化石能源，冬天取暖，夏天制冷，夜間照明，長途旅行，環球觀光。能源是經濟繁榮的基礎，我 們不可能放棄經濟繁榮。美國人口占全世界的3%，但是我們消耗全世界25%的能源。與此形成對照，全世界還有16億人沒有電，數億人依靠燃燒樹枝和動物糞便來煮飯。發展中國家的人民享受不到我們的生活，但是他們都看在眼里，他們渴望擁有我們擁有的東西。

Here is the dilemma.How much are we willing to invest, as a world society, to mitigate the consequences of climate change that will not be realized for at least 100 years? Deeply rooted in all cultures, is the notion of generational responsibility.Parents work hard so that their children will have a better life.Climate change will affect the entire world, but our natural focus is on the welfare of our immediate families.Can we, as a world society, meet our responsibility to future generations?

這就是新的挑戰。全世界作為一個整體，我們到底愿意付出多少，來緩和氣候變化？這種付出至少在100年內，都不會有明顯效果。代際責任深深植根于所有文化中。家長努力工作，為了讓他們的孩子有更好的生活。氣候變化將影響整個世界，但是我們的天性使得我們只關心個人家庭的福利。我們能不能把全世界看作一個整體？能不能為未來的人們承擔起責任？

While I am worried, I am hopeful we will solve this problem.I became the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in part because I wanted to enlist some of the best scientific minds to help battle against climate change.I was there only four and a half years, the shortest serving director in the 78-year history of the Lab, but when I left, a number of very exciting energy institutes at the Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley had been established.雖然我憂心忡忡，但是還是對未來抱樂觀態度，這個問題將會得到解決。我同意出任勞倫斯-伯克利國家實驗室主任，部分原因是我想招募一些世界上最好的科學家，來研究氣候變化的對策。我在那里干了4年半，是這個實驗室78年的歷史中，任期最短的主任，但是當我離任時，在伯克利實驗室和伯克利分校，一些非常激動人心的能源研究機構已經建立起來了。

I am extremely privileged to be part of the Obama administration.If there ever was a time to help steer America and the world towards a path of sustainable energy, now is the time.The message the President is delivering is not one of doom and gloom, but of optimism and opportunity.I share this optimism.The task ahead is daunting, but we can and will succeed.能夠成為奧巴馬施政團隊的一員，我感到極其榮幸。如果有一個時機，可以引導美國和全世界走上可持續能源的道路，那么這個時機就是現在。總統已經發出 信息，未來并非在劫難逃，而是樂觀的，我們依然有機會。我也抱有這種樂觀主義。我們面前的任務令人生畏，但是我們能夠并且將會成功。

We know some of the answers already.There are immediate and significant savings in energy efficiency and conservation.Energy efficiency is not just low-hanging fruit;it is fruit lying on the ground.For example, we have the potential to make buildings 80 percent more efficient with investments that will pay for themselves in less than 15 years.Buildings consume 40 percent of the energy we use, and a transition to energy efficient buildings will cut our carbon emissions by one-third.我們已經有了一些答案，可以立竿見影地節約能源和提高能源使用效率。它們不是掛在枝頭的水果，而是已經成熟掉在地上了，就看我們愿不愿意撿起來。比 如，我們有辦法將樓宇的耗電減少80%，增加的投資在15年內就可以收回來。樓宇的耗電占我們能源消費的40%，節能樓宇的推廣將使我們二氧化碳的釋放減 少三分之一。

We are revving up the remarkable American innovation machine that will be the basis of a new American prosperity.We will invent much improved methods to harness the sun, the wind, nuclear power, and capture and sequester the carbon dioxide emitted from our power plants.Advanced bio-fuels and the electrification of personal vehicles make us less dependent on foreign oil.我們正在加速美國這座巨大的創新機器，這將是下一次美國大繁榮的基礎。我們將大量投資有效利用太陽能、風能、核能的新方法，大量投資能夠捕獲和隔離電廠廢氣中的二氧化碳的方法。先進的生物燃料和電力汽車將使得我們不再那么依賴外國的石油。

In the coming decades, we will almost certainly face higher oil prices and be in a carbon-constrained economy.We have the opportunity to lead in development of a new, industrial revolution.The great hockey player, Wayne Gretzky, when asked, how he positions himself on the ice, he replied,“ I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it's been.” America should do the same.在未來的幾十年中，我們幾乎肯定會面對更高的油價和更嚴厲的二氧化碳限制排放政策。這是一場新的工業革命，美國有機會充當領導者。偉大的冰上曲棍球選手Wayne Gretzky被問到，他如何在冰上跑位，回答說：“我滑向球下一步的位置，而不是它現在的位置。”美國也應該這樣做。

The Obama administration is laying a new foundation for a prosperous and sustainable energy future, but we don't have all of the answers.That's where you come in.In this address, I am asking you, the Harvard graduates, to join us.As our future intellectual leaders, take the time to learn more about what's at stake, and then act on that knowledge.As future scientists and engineers, I ask you to give us better technology solutions.As future economists and political scientists, I ask you to create better policy options.As future business leaders, I ask that you make sustainability an integral part of your business.奧巴馬政府正在為美國的繁榮和可持續能源，打下新的基礎。但是我們無法為所有問題都找到答案。這就需要你們的參與。在本次演講中，我請求在座各位哈佛畢業生加入我們。你們是我們未來的智力領袖，請花時間加深理解目前的危險局勢，然后采取相應的行動。你們是未來的科學家和工程師，我要求你們給我們更好的技術方案。你們是未來的經濟學家和政治學家，我要求你們創造更好的政策選擇。你們是未來的企業家，我要求你們將可持續發展作為你們業務中不可分割的一部分。

Finally, as humanists, I ask that you speak to our common humanity.One of the cruelest ironies about climate change is that the ones who will be hurt the most are the most innocent: the worlds poorest and those yet to be born.最后，你們是人道主義者，我要求你們為了人道主義說話。氣候變化帶來的最殘酷的諷刺之一，就是最受傷害的人，恰恰就是最無辜的人----那些世界上最窮的人們和那些還沒有出生的人。

The coda to this last movement is borrowed from two humanists.這個最后樂章的完結部是引用兩個人道主義者的話。

The first quote is from Martin Luther King.He spoke on ending the war in Vietnam in 1967, but his message seems so fitting for today's climate crisis:

第一段引語來自馬丁?路德?金。這是1967年他對越南戰爭結束的評論，但是看上去非常適合用來評論今天的氣候危機。

“This call for a worldwide fellowship that lifts neighborly concern beyond one's tribe, race, class, and nation is in reality a call for an all-embracing and unconditional love for all mankind.This oft misunderstood, this oft misinterpreted concept, so readily dismissed by the Nietzsches of the world as a weak and cowardly force, has now become an absolute necessity for the survival of man...We are now faced with the fact, my friends, that tomorrow is today.We are confronted with the fierce urgency of now.In this unfolding conundrum of life and history, there is such a thing as being too late.”

“我呼吁全世界的人們團結一心，拋棄種族、膚色、階級、國籍的隔閡；我呼吁包羅一切、無條件的對全人類的愛。你會因此遭受誤解和誤讀，信奉尼采哲學的世人會認定你是一個軟弱和膽怯的懦夫。但是，這是人類存在下去的絕對必需。......我的朋友，眼前的事實就是，明天就是今天。此刻，我們面臨最緊急的情況。在變幻莫測的生活和歷史之中，有一樣東西叫做悔之晚矣。”

The final message is from William Faulkner.On December 10th, 1950, his Nobel Prize banquet speech was about the role of humanists in a world facing potential nuclear holocaust.第二段引語來自威廉?福克納。1950年12月10月，他在諾貝爾獎獲獎晚宴上發表演說，談到了世界在核戰爭的陰影之下，人道主義者應該扮演什么樣的角色。

“I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail.He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance.The poet's, the writer's, duty is to write about these things.It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past.”

“我相信人類不僅能忍耐，而且會獲勝。人類是不朽的，這不是因為萬物當中僅僅他會無窮盡的呼喊，而是因為他有一個靈魂，有同情心、犧牲精神和忍耐力。詩人和作家的責任就是寫這些東西。他們的特權正是通過鼓舞人類，喚起人類原有的榮耀----勇氣、榮譽、希望、自尊、憐憫之心和犧牲精神，去幫助人類學會忍耐。”

Graduates, you have an extraordinary role to play in our future.As you pursue your private passions, I hope you will also develop a passion and a voice to help the world in ways both large and small.Nothing will give you greater satisfaction.各位畢業生同學，你們在我們的未來中扮演舉足輕重的角色。當你們追求個人的志向時，我希望你們也會發揚奉獻精神，積極發聲，在大大小小各個方面幫助改進這個世界。這會給你們帶來最大的滿足感。

Please accept my warmest congratulations.May you prosper, may you help preserve and save our planet for your children, and all future children of the world.最后，請接受我最熱烈的祝賀。希望你們成功，也希望你們保護和拯救我們這個星球，為了你們的孩子，以及未來所有的孩子。

第五篇：朱棣文哈佛大學畢業演講(英文)

朱棣文哈佛大學畢業演講

Madam President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, faculty, family, friends, and, most importantly, today's graduates, Thank you for letting me share this wonderful day with you.I am not sure I can live up to the high standards of Harvard Commencement speakers.Last year, J.K.Rowling, the billionaire novelist, who started as a classics student, graced this podium.The year before, Bill Gates, the mega-billionaire philanthropist and computer nerd stood here.Today, sadly, you have me.I am not wealthy, but at least I am a nerd.I am grateful to receive an honorary degree from Harvard, an honor that means more to me than you might care to imagine.You see, I was the academic black sheep of my family.My older brother has an M.D./Ph.D.from MIT and Harvard while my younger brother has a law degree from Harvard.When I was awarded a Nobel Prize, I thought my mother would be satisfied.Not so.When I called her on the morning of the announcement, she replied, “That's nice, but when are you going to visit me next.” Now, as the last brother with a degree from Harvard, maybe, at last, she will be satisfied.Another difficulty with giving a Harvard commencement address is that some of you may disapprove of the fact that I have borrowed material from previous speeches.I ask that you forgive me for two reasons.First, in order to have impact, it is important to deliver the same message more than once.In science, it is important to be the first person to make a discovery, but it is even more important to be the last person to make that discovery.Second, authors who borrow from others are following in the footsteps of the best.Ralph Waldo Emerson, who graduated from Harvard at the age of 18, noted “All my best thoughts were stolen by the ancients.” Picasso declared “Good artists borrow.Great artists steal.” Why should commencement speakers be held to a higher standard? I also want to point out the irony of speaking to graduates of an institution that would have rejected me, had I the chutzpah to apply.I am married to “Dean Jean,” the former dean of admissions at Stanford.She assures me that she would have rejected me, if given the chance.When I showed her a draft of this speech, she objected strongly to my use of the word “rejected.” She never rejected applicants;her letters stated that “we are unable to offer you admission.” I have difficulty understanding the difference.After all, deans of admissions of highly selective schools are in reality, “deans of rejection.” Clearly, I have a lot to learn about marketing.My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses.The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks.This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed.As Oscar Wilde said, “The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on.It is never of any use to oneself.” So, here comes the advice.First, every time you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible.Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself.Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success.To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them.Also, of course, thank Harvard.Should you forget, there's an alumni association to remind you.Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit.In all negotiations, don't bargain for the last, little advantage.Leave the change on the table.In your collaborations, always remember that “credit” is not a conserved quantity.In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit.Jimmy Stewart, as Elwood P.Dowd in the movie “Harvey” got it exactly right.He said: “Years ago my mother used to say to me, 'In this world, Elwood, you must be...she always used to call me Elwood...in this world, Elwood, you must be oh so smart or oh so pleasant.'” Well, for years I was smart....I recommend pleasant.You may quote me on that.My third piece of advice is as follows: As you begin this new stage of your lives, follow your passion.If you don't have a passion, don't be satisfied until you find one.Life is too short to go through it without caring deeply about something.When I was your age, I was incredibly single-minded in my goal to be a physicist.After college, I spent eight years as a graduate student and postdoc at Berkeley, and then nine years at Bell Labs.During that my time, my central focus and professional joy was physics.Here is my final piece of advice.Pursuing a personal passion is important, but it should not be your only goal.When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done.The source of that pride won't be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received.It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made.After nine years at Bell labs, I decided to leave that warm, cozy ivory tower for what I considered to be the “real world,” a university.Bell Labs, to quote what was said about Mary Poppins, was “practically perfect in every way,” but I wanted to leave behind something more than scientific articles.I wanted to teach and give birth to my own set of scientific children.Ted Geballe, a friend and distinguished colleague of mine at Stanford, who also went from Berkeley to Bell Labs to Stanford years earlier, described our motives best: “The best part of working at a university is the students.They come in fresh, enthusiastic, open to ideas, unscarred by the battles of life.They don't realize it, but they're the recipients of the best our society can offer.If a mind is ever free to be creative, that's the time.They come in believing textbooks are authoritative, but eventually they figure out that textbooks and professors don't know everything, and then they start to think on their own.Then, I begin learning from them.” My students, post doctoral fellows, and the young researchers who worked with me at Bell Labs, Stanford, and Berkeley have been extraordinary.Over 30 former group members are now professors, many at the best research institutions in the world, including Harvard.I have learned much from them.Even now, in rare moments on weekends, the remaining members of my biophysics group meet with me in the ether world of cyberspace.I began teaching with the idea of giving back;I received more than I gave.This brings me to the final movement of this speech.It begins with a story about an extraordinary scientific discovery and a new dilemma that it poses.It's a call to arms and about making a difference.In the last several decades, our climate has been changing.Climate change is not new: the Earth went through six ice ages in the past 600,000 years.However, recent measurements show that the climate has begun to change rapidly.The size of the North Polar Ice Cap in the month of September is only half the size it was a mere 50 years ago.The sea level which been rising since direct measurements began in 1870 at a rate that is now five times faster than it was at the beginning of recorded measurements.Here's the remarkable scientific discovery.For the first time in human history, science is now making predictions of how our actions will affect the world 50 and 100 years from now.These changes are due to an increase in carbon dioxide put into the atmosphere since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.The Earth has warmed up by roughly 0.8 degrees Celsius since the beginning of the Revolution.There is already approximately a 1 degree rise built into the system, even if we stop all greenhouse gas emissions today.Why? It will take decades to warm up the deep oceans before the temperature reaches a new equilibrium.If the world continues on a business-as-usual path, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that there is a fifty-fifty chance the temperature will exceed 5 degrees by the end of this century.This increase may not sound like much, but let me remind you that during the last ice age, the world was only 6 degrees colder.During this time, most of Canada and the United States down to Ohio and Pennsylvania were covered year round by a glacier.A world 5 degrees warmer will be very different.The change will be so rapid that many species, including Humans, will have a hard time adapting.I've been told for example, that, in a much warmer world, insects were bigger.I wonder if this thing buzzing around is a precursor.We also face the specter of nonlinear “tipping points” that may cause much more severe changes.An example of a tipping point is the thawing of the permafrost.The permafrost contains immense amounts of frozen organic matter that have been accumulating for millennia.If the soil melts, microbes will spring to life and cause this debris to rot.The difference in biological activity below freezing and above freezing is something we are all familiar with.Frozen food remains edible for a very long time in the freezer, but once thawed, it spoils quickly.How much methane and carbon dioxide might be released from the rotting permafrost? If even a fraction of the carbon is released, it could be greater than all the greenhouse gases we have released to since the beginning of the industrial revolution.Once started, a runaway effect could occur.The climate problem is the unintended consequence of our success.We depend on fossil energy to keep our homes warm in the winter, cool in the summer, and lit at night;we use it to travel across town and across continents.Energy is a fundamental reason for the prosperity we enjoy, and we will not surrender this prosperity.The United States has 3 percent of the world population, and yet, we consume 25 percent of the energy.By contrast, there are 1.6 billion people who don't have access to electricity.Hundreds of millions of people still cook with twigs or dung.The life we enjoy may not be within the reach of the developing world, but it is within sight, and they want what we have.Here is the dilemma.How much are we willing to invest, as a world society, to mitigate the consequences of climate change that will not be realized for at least 100 years? Deeply rooted in all cultures, is the notion of generational responsibility.Parents work hard so that their children will have a better life.Climate change will affect the entire world, but our natural focus is on the welfare of our immediate families.Can we, as a world society, meet our responsibility to future generations? While I am worried, I am hopeful we will solve this problem.I became the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in part because I wanted to enlist some of the best scientific minds to help battle against climate change.I was there only four and a half years, the shortest serving director in the 78-year history of the Lab, but when I left, a number of very exciting energy institutes at the Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley had been established.I am extremely privileged to be part of the Obama administration.If there ever was a time to help steer America and the world towards a path of sustainable energy, now is the time.The message the President is delivering is not one of doom and gloom, but of optimism and opportunity.I share this optimism.The task ahead is daunting, but we can and will succeed.We know some of the answers already.There are immediate and significant savings in energy efficiency and conservation.Energy efficiency is not just low-hanging fruit;it is fruit lying on the ground.For example, we have the potential to make buildings 80 percent more efficient with investments that will pay for themselves in less than 15 years.Buildings consume 40 percent of the energy we use, and a transition to energy efficient buildings will cut our carbon emissions by one-third.We are revving up the remarkable American innovation machine that will be the basis of a new American prosperity.We will invent much improved methods to harness the sun, the wind, nuclear power, and capture and sequester the carbon dioxide emitted from our power plants.Advanced bio-fuels and the electrification of personal vehicles make us less dependent on foreign oil.In the coming decades, we will almost certainly face higher oil prices and be in a carbon-constrained economy.We have the opportunity to lead in development of a new, industrial revolution.The great hockey player, Wayne Gretzky, when asked, how he positions himself on the ice, he replied,“ I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it's been.” America should do the same.The Obama administration is laying a new foundation for a prosperous and sustainable energy future, but we don't have all of the answers.That's where you come in.In this address, I am asking you, the Harvard graduates, to join us.As our future intellectual leaders, take the time to learn more about what's at stake, and then act on that knowledge.As future scientists and engineers, I ask you to give us better technology solutions.As future economists and political scientists, I ask you to create better policy options.As future business leaders, I ask that you make sustainability an integral part of your business.Finally, as humanists, I ask that you speak to our common humanity.One of the cruelest ironies about climate change is that the ones who will be hurt the most are the most innocent: the worlds poorest and those yet to be born.The coda to this last movement is borrowed from two humanists.The first quote is from Martin Luther King.He spoke on ending the war in Vietnam in 1967, but his message seems so

“This call for a worldwide fellowship that lifts neighborly concern beyond one's tribe, race, class, and nation is in reality a call for an all-embracing and unconditional love for all mankind.This oft misunderstood, this oft misinterpreted concept, so readily dismissed by the Nietzsches of the world as a weak and cowardly force, has now become an absolute necessity for the survival of man...We are now faced with the fact, my friends, that tomorrow is today.We are confronted with the fierce urgency of now.In this unfolding conundrum of life and history, there is such a thing as being too late.” The final message is from William Faulkner.On December 10th, 1950, his Nobel Prize banquet speech was about the role of humanists in a world facing potential nuclear holocaust.“I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail.He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance.The poet's, the writer's, duty is to write about these things.It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past.” Graduates, you have an extraordinary role to play in our future.As you pursue your private passions, I hope you will also develop a passion and a voice to help the world in ways both large and small.Nothing will give you greater satisfaction.Please accept my warmest congratulations.May you prosper, may you help preserve and save our planet for your children, and all future children of the world.