第一篇：中國古詩詞英譯50份

中國古詩詞英譯

第一部分 由許淵沖翻譯 關雎

關關雎鳩,在河之洲.窈窕淑女,君子好逑.參差荇菜,左右流之.窈窕淑女,嫵媚求之.求之不得,嫵媚思服.優哉游哉,輾轉反側.參差荇菜,左右采之.窈窕淑女,琴瑟友之.參差荇菜,左右毛之.窈窕淑女,鐘鼓樂之.Cooing And Wooing By riverside are cooing;A pair of turtledoves;A good young man is wooing A fair maiden he loves.Water flows left and right;Of cress long here, short there;The youth yearns day and night;For the good maiden fair.His yearning grows so strong,He can not fall asleep,But tosses all night long, So deep in love, so deep!Now gather left and right;Cress long or short and tender!O lute, play music bright For the bride sweet and slender!Feast friends at left and right;On cress cooked till tender!O bells and drums, delight The bride so sweet and slender!大風歌

劉邦

大風起兮云飛揚,威加海內兮歸故鄉。安得猛士兮守四方！SONG OF THE GREAT WIND A great wind rises, oh!The clouds are driven away.I come to my native land, oh!Now the world is under my sway.Where can I brave men, oh!To guard my four frontiers today!垓下歌

項羽

力拔山兮氣蓋世，時不力兮駒不逝。駒不逝兮可奈何，虞兮虞兮耐若何！XIANG YU‘S LAST SONG

I could pull mountains down, oh!With main and might, But my good fortune wanes, oh!My steed won‘t fight.Whether my steed will fight, oh!I do not care.What can I do with you, oh!My lady fair!龜雖壽

曹操

神龜雖壽，尤有竟時。騰蛇乘霧，終為土灰。老驥伏櫪，志在千里。烈士暮年，壯心不已。盈縮之期，不但在天；養怡之福，可得永年。幸甚至哉，歌以詠志。

INDOMITABLE SOUL

Although long lives the tortoise wise，In the end he can not but die.The serpent in the mist may rise，But in the dust he too shall die.Although the stabled steed is old，He dreams to run for mile and mile.In life‘s December heroes bold

Won‘t change indomitable style.It‘s not up to Heaven alone

To lengthen or shorten our day.To a great age we can live on，If we keep it fit, cheerful and gay.How happy I feel at this thought!

I croon this poem as I ought.七步詩

曹植

煮豆燃豆萁，豆在釜中泣。本是同根生，相煎何太急。WRITTEN WHILE TAKING SEVEN PACES Pods burned to cook peas, Peas weep in the pot: ―Grown from same root, please,Why boil us so hot?‖

神情詩

顧愷之

春水滿四澤，夏云多奇峰。秋月揚明輝，冬嶺修寒松。SPIRIT OF THE FOUR SEASONS Spring water overbrims the streams;Summer could fancy peaks outshines;The autumn moon sheds brilliant;On winter cliffs stand cold-proof pines.歸園田居

陶淵明

種豆南山下，草盛豆苗稀。晨興理荒穢，帶月荷鋤歸。道狹草木長，夕露沾我衣。衣沾不足惜，但使愿無違。RETURN TO NATURE I sow beans‘ neath southern hill;Bean shoots are lost where weeds o‘ er the path grow.I weed at dawn though early still;I plod home with my moonlit hoe.The path is narrow, grasses tall,With evening dew my clothes wet, To which I pay no heed at all,If my desire can but be met.回鄉偶書

賀之章

（一）少小離家老大回，鄉音未改鬢毛衰。兒童相見不相識，笑問客從何處來。IHOME-COMING Old, I return to the homeland while young, Thinner has grown my hair, though I speak the same tongue.My children, whom I meet, do not know am i.―Where are you from, dear sir?‖ they ask with beaming eye.（二）離別家鄉歲月多，近來人事半消磨。惟有門前鏡湖水，春風不改舊時波。Since I left my homeland, so many years has passed, So such has faded away and so little can last.Only in Mirror Lake before my very door The vernal wind still ripples the water as before.在獄詠蟬

駱賓王

西陸蟬聲唱，南冠客思深。不堪玄鬢影，來對白頭吟。露重飛難進，風多響易沉。無人信高潔，誰為表予心。THE CICADA HEARD IN PRISON Of autumn the cicada sings;In prison I‘m worn out with care.How can I bear its blue-black which remind me of my gtey hair? Heavy with dew, it can not fly;Drowned in the wind, its song‘s not heard.Who would believe its spirit high? Could I express my grief in word? 登鸛雀樓

王之渙

白日依山盡，黃河入海流。欲窮千里目，更上一層樓。ON THE STOCK TOWER The sun beyond the mountain glows;The Yellow River seawards flows.You can enjoy a great sight

By climbing to a greater height.春曉

孟浩然

春眠不覺曉，處處聞啼鳥。夜來風雨聲，花落知多少。SPRING MORNING This spring morning in bed I‘m lying, Not to awake till birds are crying.After one night of wind and showers, How many are the fallen flowers? 從軍行

王昌齡

青海長云暗雪山，古城遙望玉門關。黃沙百戰穿金甲，不破樓蘭終不還。ARMY LIFE Clouds on frontier have darkened mountains clad in snow;The town with Gate of Jade stands far away, forlorn.We will not leave the desert till we beat the foe, Although in war our golden armour be outworn.靜夜思

李白

床前明月光，疑是地上霜。舉頭望明月，低頭思故鄉。A TRANQUIL NIGHT Before my bed a pool of night—Can it be hoarfrost on the ground? Looking up, I find the moon bright;Bowing, In homesickness I‘m drowned.早發白帝城

李白

朝辭白帝彩云間，千里江陵一日還。兩岸猿聲啼不住，輕舟已過萬重山。LEAVING THE WHITE KING‘S TOWN AT DAWN

Leaving at dawn the White King crowned with rainbow cloud, I have sailed a thousand miles through Three Georges in a day.With monkeys‘ sad adieus the riverbanks are loud;My boat has left ten thought mountains far away.送友人

李白

青山橫北郭，白水繞東城。此地一為別，孤蓬萬里征。浮云游子意，落日故人情。揮手自茲去，蕭蕭班馬鳴。FAREWELL TO A FRIEND

Green mountains bar the northern sky;White grids the eastern town.Here is the place to say goodbye;You‘ll drift like lonely thistledown.With floating cloud you‘ll float away;Like parting day I‘ll part from you.You wave your hand and go your way;Our steeds still neigh, ―adieu,adieu!‖ 黃鶴樓

崔顥

昔人已乘黃鶴去，此地空余黃鶴樓。黃鶴一去不復返，白云千載空悠悠。晴川歷歷漢陽樹，芳草萋萋鸚鵡洲。日暮鄉關何處是？煙波江上使人愁。YELLOW CRANR TOWER The stage on yellow crane was gone amid clouds white.To what avail is Yellow Crane Tower left here? Once gone, the yellow crane will ne‘er on earth alight;Only white clouds still float in vain from year to year.By sunlit river trees can be count‘d one by one;

On Parrot Islet sweet green grass grows fast and thick.Where is native land beyond the setting sun? The mist-veiled waves of River Han make me homesick.春望

杜甫

國破山河在，城深草木深。感時花濺淚，恨別鳥驚心。烽火連三月，家書抵萬金。白頭搔更短，渾欲不勝簪。SPRING VIEW On war-torn land streams flow and mountains stand;In towns unquiet grass and weeds run riot.Grieved o‘er the years, flowers are moved to tears;

Seeing us part, birds cry with broken heart.The beacon fire has gone higher and higher;Words from household are worth their weight in gold.I can not bear to scratch my grizzling hair;

It grows too thin to hold a light hairpin.楓橋夜泊

張繼

月落烏啼霜滿天，江楓漁火對愁眠。姑蘇城外寒山寺，夜半鐘聲到客船。MOORING BY MAPLE BRIDGE AT NIGHT At moonset cry the crows, streaking the frosty sky;Dimly lit fishing boats ?neath maples sadly lie.Beyond the city walls, from Temple of Cold Hill Bells break the ship-borne roamer‘s dream and midnight still.復得古原草送別

白居易

離離原上草，一歲一枯榮。野火燒不盡，春風吹又生。遠方侵古道，晴翠接荒城。又送王孫去，萋萋滿別情。

GRASS ON THE ANCIENT PLAIN –FAREWELL TO A FRIEND Wild grasses spread o‘er ancient plain;With spring and fall they come and go.Wild fire can‘t burn them up;again They rise when vernal breezes blow.Their fragrance overruns the way;Their green invades the ruined town.To see friend go far away, My sorrow grows like grass o‘ er grown.樂游原

李商隱

向晚意不適，驅車登古原。夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。ON THE PLAIN OF TOMB At dusk my heart is filled with gloom;I drive my cab to ancient tomb.The setting sun seems to sublime,But it is nearing its dying time.江上漁者

范仲淹

江上往來人，但愛鱸魚美。君看一葉舟，出沒**里。THE FISHERMAN ON THE STREAM You go up and down stream;You love to eat the bream.Lo!The fishing boat braves,Perilous wind and waves.夢中作

歐陽修

風涼吹笛千山月，路暗迷人百種花。棋罷不知人換世，酒闌無余客思家。WRITING IN DREAM A flute has chilled the moon over a thousand hills;Dim sight is dazzled by a hundred daffodils.After a game of chess, the world has changed its face;Sobered from wine, can one not miss his native place? 絕句

李清照

生當作人杰，死亦為鬼雄。至今思項羽，不肯過江東。A QUATRAIN Be man of men while you are alive;

Be soul of souls e‘en though you‘re dead!Think of Xiang Yu who‘d not survive

His men, whose blood for him was shed.觀書有感

朱熹

半畝方塘一鑒開，天光云影共徘徊。問渠哪得清如許？為有源頭活水來。THE BOOK There lies a glassy oblong pool，Where light and shade pursue their course.How can it be so clear and cool?

For water fresh comes from its source.秋思

馬致遠

枯藤老樹昏鴉，小橋流水人家。古道西風瘦馬，夕陽西下，斷腸人在天涯。AUTUMN THOUGHTS

Over old trees;Wreathed with rotten vines fly evening crows;Under a small bridge near a cottage a stream flows;On ancient road in the west wind a lean horse goes.Westward declines the sun;Far, far from home is the heartbroken one.石灰吟

于謙

千槌萬鑿出深山，烈火焚燒若等閑。粉身碎骨渾不怕，要留清白在人間。SONG TO THE LIME You come out of deep mountains after hammer blows;Under fire and water tortures you are not in woes.Though broken into pieces, you will have no fright;You‘ll purify the world by washing it e‘er white.泊船瓜洲

王安石

京口瓜洲一水間，鐘山只隔數重山。春風又綠江南岸，明月何時照我還。MOORED AT MELON ISLET A river severs Northern shore and Southern land;Between my home and me but a few mountains stand.The vernal wind has greened the Southern shore again.When will the moon shine bright on my return? O when? 過零丁洋

文天祥

辛苦遭逢起一經，干戈寥落四周星。山河破碎風飄絮，身世浮沉雨打萍?；炭譃╊^說惶恐，零丁洋里嘆零丁。人生自古誰無死，留取丹心照汗青。SAILING ON LONELY OCEAN Delving in the Book of Change,I rose through hardship great, And desperately fought the foe for four long years.Like willow down the war-town land looks desolate;I sink or swim as duckweed in the rain appears.For the perils on Perilous Beach I have sighs;On Lonely Ocean now I feel dreary and lonely.Since olden days there‘s never been a man but dies;I‘d leave a loyalist‘s name in history only.金縷衣

無名氏

勸君莫惜金縷衣，勸君莫許少年時。有花堪折直須折，莫待無花空折枝。

THE GOLDEN DRESS Love not your golden dress, I pray, More then your youthful golden hours.Gather sweet blossoms while you may, And not the twig devoid of flowers!別董大

高適

千里黃云白日曛，北風吹雁雪紛紛。莫愁前路無知己，天下誰人不識君。FAREWELL TO A LUTIST Yellow clouds spread for miles and miles have veiled the day, The north wind blows down snow and wild geese fly away.Fear not you‘ve no admirers as you go along!

There is no connoisseur on earth but loves your song.題滕王閣

王安石

滕王平昔好追游，高閣依然枕必流。勝地幾經興廢事，夕陽偏照古今愁。城中樹密千家市，天際人歸一葉舟。極目滄波吟不盡，西山重疊亂云浮。PRINCE TENG‘S PAVILION

Pretty Teng was fond of visiting each pretty scene;His lofty tower still o‘erlooks the river green.The ups and downs of dynasties have come in view;The setting sun slants, laden with griefs old and new.The town is thick with trees that shade a thousand shops;The horizon is dotted with a sail that flops.Endlessly I sing of waves stretching out of sight And watch o‘er Western Hills cloud upon cloud in flight.第二部分

由孫大雨翻譯： 登幽州臺歌

前不見古人，后不見來者。念天地之悠悠，獨愴然而涕下。Song on Ascending the Youzhou Terrace Descrying nor the ancients of long yore, Nor those that are to come in the future far, I muse on the eternity of heaven and earth.，And, all alone, grieve mutely with tears for my lorn star.贈汪倫

李白乘舟將欲行，忽聞岸上踏歌聲。桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪倫送我情。To Wang Lun Li Bai embarking, just about to depart, On a sudden heareth tramping and songs on the strand.The Peach Bloom Deep, a thousand feet in depth, Runneth not so deep as Wang Lun‘s thoughts for me command.早發白帝城

朝辭白帝彩云間，千里江陵一日還。兩岸猿聲啼不住，輕舟已過萬重山。Embarking from Baidi Town at Early Morn Leaving Baidi on high at down

Among the clouds in blaze gay, A thousand li to Jiangling City

I sped within a day.Unceasingly the gibbons screeched

On both banks of the River, As my light skiff shot through the folds

Of mounts ten thousand with a whirr.楓橋夜泊

月落烏啼霜滿天，江村漁火對愁眠。姑蘇城外寒山寺，夜半鐘聲到客船。Night Mooring at Fengqiao Village The moon is sinking;a crow croaks a dreaming;?Neath the night sky the frost casts a haze;Few fishing-boat lights of th‘river side village

Are dozing off in their mutual sad gaze.From the Cold Hill Bonzary outside

The city wall of Gusu town, The resounding bell is tolling its clangour

At midnight to the passenger ship down.江雪

千山鳥飛絕，萬徑人蹤滅。孤舟蓑笠翁，獨釣寒江雪。Snowing on the River Not a bird o‘er hundreds of peaks，Not a man on the thousands of trails.An old angler alone in a boat，With his rod and line, in raining outfit, Is fishing on the river midst th‘snowdrift.尋隱者不遇

松下問童子，嚴師采藥去。只在此山中，云深不知處。A call on the Recluse Who Is Just Out I asked the boy beneath the pine tree，Who said, ―the master‘s gone herbs to pick;He must be some where around these clifts，Concealed unseen in the clouds thick‖.山行

遠上寒山石徑斜，白云深處有人家。停車坐看楓林晚，霜葉紅于二月花。Mountain Trip Far up the mountainside the stone trail wound, Where the clouds were thick, there stood some abodes.I stopt my cart to watch the maple forest late With frost-bitten leaves more crimson than spring blooms.夜雨寄北

君問歸期未有期，巴山夜雨漲秋池。何當共剪西窗燭，卻話巴山夜雨時。Li Shangyin Lines Sent to the North Written during Night Rains

Being asked for my home-coming date, I tell thee I‘m not sure when that‘ll be,As night rains on the mounts of Ba fall And autumn pools are brimmed from the lea.Then we shall by the west window sit, Clipping the candle wick in some night，And talk of the night rains on th‘Ba mounts, When I think of thee with mute delight.題都城南莊

去年今日此門中，人面桃花相映紅。人面不知何處去，桃花依舊笑春風。Cui Hu In the Capital‘s Southern Village

On this same day last year within this door, A comely face and peach blooms together did glow.She I‘ve admired has gone I know not where，Th‘peach blooms are smiling still in th‘breeze to blow.烏衣巷

朱雀橋邊野草花，烏衣巷口夕陽斜。舊時王謝堂前燕，飛入尋常百姓家。Black Coat Lane

Liu Yuxi Wild nameless flowers by the Cinnabar Bird Bridge Are aglow in the last sun-beams in the Black Coat Lane.The swallows‘ fore the Wang and Xie noble mansions Now fly into the nobodies‘ home stalls.游子吟

慈母手中線，游子身上衣。臨行密密縫，意恐遲遲歸。誰言寸草心，報得三春暉？ The wandering Son‘s Song

The thread from my dear mother‘s hand

Was sewn in the clothes of her wandering son.For fear of my belated return, Before my leave they were closely woven.Who says mine heart like a blade of grass Could repay her love‘s gentle beams of spring sun? 九月九日憶山東兄弟

獨在異鄉為異客，每逢佳節倍思親。遙知兄弟登高處，遍插茱萸少一人。

Remembering My Brothers East of the Mountain on the Ninth Day of the Ninth Moon Being a stranger all alone

In a strange land far away, I think of my parents all the more

On a fair festival day.I know full well my brothers all

Would climb up the heights of a mount!Inserting cornus shoots in their hair，They‘d all miss one in their count.桃花源記

陶淵明

晉太元中,武陵人捕魚為業,緣溪行,忘路之遠近.忽逢桃花林,夾岸數百步,中無雜樹,芳草鮮美,落英繽紛.漁人甚異之。復前行，欲窮其林。林盡水源，便得一山。山有小口，仿佛若有光，便舍船從口入。初極狹，才通人。復行數十步?；砣婚_朗，土地平曠，屋舍儼然。有良田美池桑竹之屬。阡陌交通，雞犬相聞。其中往來種作，男女衣著，悉如外人。黃發垂髫，并怡然自樂。見漁人，乃大驚。問所從來，具答之。便邀還家，以設酒殺雞作食。

村中聞有此人，咸來問訊。自云先世避秦時亂，率妻子邑人，來此絕境，不復出焉，遂與外人間隔。問今是何世，乃不知有漢，無論魏晉。此人一一為具言，所聞皆嘆惋。余人各赴延至其家，皆出酒食。停數日，辭去。此中人語云：―不足為外人道也。‖

既出，得其船，便扶向路，處處志之。及郡下，詣太守說如此。太守即遣人隨其往，尋向所志，遂迷不復得路。

南陽劉子驥，高尚士也。聞之，欣然親往，未果，尋病終。后遂無問津者。

The Peach Blossom Visionary Land

During the Tai-yuan years of the dynasty Jin,a fisherman from the county of Wuling strolled on the bank of a stream,forgetting the distance of his track ,into a grove of blossing peach trees all at once.For several hundred steps along the bank side,there were no other trees;the sward was freshly green and fallen petals of the peach blooms were scattered on the grass verdure.The fisherman,surprised by the sight,walked on to see where the grove would end.It ended at the source of the stream,where there was a mountain.An aperture opened on the mount,from which light seemed to be emitted.The man abandoned his boat and entered the opening.It was narrow at first,just enough to pass through.After several tens of steps,the way led to vast spaciousness.The land was level and expanded ,houses were spread out in good order;goodly farms,fair ponds and mulberry and bamboo thickets were to be seen everywhere.The ways and cross roads were stretched out far and wide.Cocks‘ crew and dogs‘ barking were heard here and there.The men and women coming and going in their tilling and handicraft work were dressed all like people outside.The aged with hair of light beige and children with cut hair fringing their foreheads all looked gay and contented.Seeing the fisherman, people were greatly surprised, asking him whence he came from and being replied to.They then invited him to their homes, offering wine and killing chickens for entertainment.When it was generally known in the village that there was this man,more people came to see and ask questions of him.They all said that their forefathers,fleeing from turmoils during the Qin Dynasty ,led their families and villagers hither to this isolated district to stay, and so being separated from the outside world.They asked what time it was then ,knowing not there was any dynasty Han ,to say nothing of those of Wei and Jin.The man answered them all in details ,whereon they heaved sighs and exclamations.All the others also invited him severally to their homes for hospitality.After many a day,he made his departure.They told him not to publicize his sojourn there.When out ,he sought out his boat and noted closely the way leading to the aperture of the mount.After his return to the chief town of the county,he went to the alderman and made a report of his outlandish excursion.The county official dispatched a man to follow him whereto he would lead.But he could not find the spots he had noted on his way back and so lost the whereabouts of the grove of blossoming peach trees.Liu Ziji of Nanyang,a scholar of high repute,hearing of the story sought to find out the place.He fell sick and died,before his attempted trial.Thereafter ,no one ever ventured the visionary deed.蜀相

杜甫

丞相祠堂何處尋？錦官城外柏森森。映階碧草自春色，隔葉黃鸝空好音。三顧頻煩天下計，兩朝開濟老臣心。出事未捷身先死，長使英雄淚滿襟。Chancellor of Shu The Memorial Hall of the Chancellor----where is its site to be found ? Beyond th‘walls of Jinguan Town, a cedar old riseth there thickset and tall.The fresh verdure of th‘ lawn reflecteth on the steps vernal hues by itself;In the foliage chanteth in vain the golden oriole‘s tuneful call.Being viseted thrice and then ofttimes conferred on affairs of state-craft, In instaling and propping up two reigns as their adamantine support , You in person the state‘s corps dispatch led, but died before triumph could be won: It doth make all our heroes,for mourning your noble cause ,to tears e‘er resort.將進酒

李白

君不見黃河之水天上來，奔流到海不復回？君不見高堂明鏡悲白發，朝如青絲暮成雪？ 人生得意需盡歡，莫使金尊空對月。天生我才必有用，千金散盡還復來。烹羊宰牛且為樂，會須一飲三百杯。岑夫子，丹丘生，將盡酒，君莫停，與君歌一曲，請君為我傾耳聽。鐘鼓饌玉不足貴，但愿常醉不復醒。古來圣賢皆寂寞，惟有飲者留其名。陳王昔時宴平樂，斗酒十千恣歡謔。主任何為言少錢？徑需沽取對君酌。五花馬，千金襲，呼兒將出換美酒，與爾同銷萬古愁。Carouse, Please

Seest thou not

The waters of the Luteous River rush down from the sky，And roll off to the sea forevermore not to come back ? Seest thou not

White locks are wailed at before bright mirrors in halls high，For turning at wailed at dusk into snowflakes from their morning‘s jet black?

Seize the moments of content in life and make full mirth of them;

Let not your golden beakers stay empty to glint at the moon.Heaven hath endowed me with talents certes for good use;

A thousand pieces of gold being scattered bumpers at one carouse.My friends sire Cen and good Danqiu,pause not in drinking , Let me sing s ditty for you ,let me your kind ears arouse.Banquets with bell-strikings and drum-beats are not by me prized ，But I wish to drink deep always ,ne‘er sadly sober remain.Since olden times ,saints and sages have all been solitary，While drinkers throughout the ages their renown do retain.When king Chenzhi of literary fame feasted at Pingle

Ten thousand coins were spent for each dipper of rare old vintage.Why doth our taverner say there is any lack of cash ?

We doth our taverner say there is any lack of cash ? We should not lack means to get wine your mind to assuage.My mottled steed and the fur-lined robe of a thousand crowns ，Let my boy lead and fetch out to barter for drinks divine，In order to banish with ye both our griefs eternal trine.經典中國古文英語翻譯 但愿人長久，千里共嬋娟。

We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart.獨在異鄉為異客，每逢佳節倍思親。

A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day.大江東去，浪淘盡，千古風流人物。

The endless river eastward flows;with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years.二人同心，其利斷金。

If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal.富貴不能淫，貧賤不能移，威武不能曲，此之謂大丈夫。

It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate.海內存知己，天涯若比鄰。

A bosom friend afar brings distance near.合抱之木，生于毫末，九層之臺，起于累土；千里之行始于足下。

A huge tree that fills one‘s arms grows from a tiny seedling;a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth;a thousand li journey starts with the first step.禍兮，福之所依；福兮，禍之所伏。

Misfortune, that is where happiness depends;happiness, that is where misfortune underlies.見賢思齊焉，見不賢而內自省也。

On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal;on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects.江山如此多嬌，引無數英雄盡折腰。

This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage.舉頭望明月，低頭思故鄉。

Raising my head, I see the moon so bright;withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around.俱往矣，數風流人物，還看今朝。

All are past and gone;we look to this age for truly great men.君子成人之美，不成人之惡。

The gentleman helps others to achieve their moral perfection but not their evil conduct.君子獨立不慚于影，獨寢不愧于魂。

A righteous man never feels ashamed to face his shadow when standing alone and to face his soul when sleeping alone.君子之交淡如水，小人之交甘如醴。君子淡以親，小人甘以絕。

The friendship between men of virtue is light like water, yet affectionate;the friendship between men without virtue is sweet like wine, yet easily broken.老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。

Expend the respect of the aged in one‘s family to that of other families;expend the love of the young ones in one‘s family to that of other families.禮尚往來。往而不來，非禮也；來而不往，亦非禮也。

Propriety suggests reciprocity.It is not propriety not to give out but to receive, or vice versa.兩情若是長久時，又豈在朝朝暮暮。

If love between both sides can last for aye, why need they stay together night and day? 路漫漫其修遠兮，吾將上下而求索。The way ahead is long;I see no ending, yet high and low I‘ll search with my will unbending.民為貴，社稷次之，君為輕。

The people are the most important element in a state;next are the gods of land and grain;least is the ruler himself.千丈之堤，以螻蟻之穴潰；百尺之屋，以突隙之煙焚。

A long dike will collapse because of an ant-hole in it;a tall building will be burned down by a spark from a chimney‘s chink.鍥而舍之，朽木不折，鍥而不舍，金石可鏤。

Carve but give up half way, even a decayed piece of wood will not break;carve without stop, even metal and stone can be engraved.人有悲歡離合，月有陰晴陽缺，此事古難全。

People have sorrow and joy;they part and meet again.The moon dims or shines;it waxes or wanes.Nothing is perfect, not even in the olden days.人之于文學也，猶玉之于琢磨也。

Learning and culture are to a person what polished and grinding are to jade.三人行，必有我師焉。擇其善者而從之，其不善者而改之。

Among any three people walking, I will find something to learn for sure.Their good qualities are to be followed, and their shortcomings are to be avoided.士不可以不弘毅，任重而道遠。仁以為己任，不亦重乎？死而后己，不亦遠乎？

An educated gentleman cannot but be resolute and broad-minded, for he has taken up a heavy responsibility and a long course.Is it not a heavy responsibility, which is to practice benevolence? Is it not a long course, which will end only with his death? 士之為人，當理不避其難，臨患忘利，遺生行義，視死如歸。

A moral intellectual is one who escapes no danger in face of truth, discards personal interests in front of disaster, practices righteousness at the expense of life, and looks upon death as going home.逝者如斯夫！不舍晝夜。

The passage of time is just like the flow of water, which goes on day and night.順天者存，逆天者亡。

Those who follow the Heaven‘s law will survive;those who go against it will perish.天將降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，勞其筋骨，餓其體膚，空乏其身，行拂亂其所為，所以動心忍性，增益其所不能。

When Heaven is about to place a great responsibility on a great man, it always first frustrates his spirit and will, exhausts his muscles and bones, exposes him to starvation and poverty, harasses him by troubles and setbacks so as to stimulate his spirit, toughen his nature and enhance his abilities.天生我才必有用。

Heaven has endowed me with talents for eventual use.天時不如地利，地利不如人和。

Opportunities vouchsafed by Heaven are less important than terrestrial advantages, which in turn are less important than the unity among people.天行健，君子以自強不息。

As Heaven‘s movement is ever vigorous, so must a gentleman ceaselessly strive along.溫故而知新，可以為師矣。

He who by reviewing the old can gain knowledge of the new and is fit to be a teacher.物格而后知至，知至而后意誠，意誠而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齊，家齊而后治國，國治而后天下平。Things investigated, genuine knowledge acquired;genuine knowledge acquired ,thoughts purified;thoughts purified, hearts rectified;hearts rectified, personalities cultivated;personalities cultivated, families regulated;families regulated, the states well governed;the states well governed, the whole world will be in peace and tranquil.相見時難別亦難。

It is unbearable to meet as well as to depart.學不可以已。青取之于藍，而青于藍；冰，水為之，而寒于冰。君子博學而日參省乎己，則知明而行無過矣。

There is never an end to learning.The dye extracted from the indigo is bluer than the plant;so is the ice colder than the water.By broadly learning and constantly examining himself every day, the gentleman sharpens his awareness and makes fewer mistakes.學而不思則罔，思而不學則殆。

Learning without thinking leads to confusion;thinking without learning ends in danger.學而不厭，誨人不倦。

Never be contented with your study;never be impatient with your teaching.學如逆水行舟，不進則退。

Learning is like rowing upstream: not to advance is to drop back.有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎。

It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.玉不琢，不成器。人不學，不知義。

As a jade without chiseling will not become a useful object, a man without learning will not know the Way.欲窮千里目，更上一層樓。

We widen our views three hundred miles by ascending one flight of stairs./ Exhausting my eyes to a thousand li further, I am ascending one more story of the tower.在天愿做比翼鳥，在地愿為連理枝。

In heaven let us be two birds flying ever together, and on earth two trees with branches interlocked forever.不登高山，不知天之厚也；不臨深淵，不知地之厚也。

One can never be aware of the height of the sky or the depth of the earth, if he does not climb up a high mountain or look down into a deep abyss.大道之行也，天下為公。

A public spirit will rule all under the sky when the great Way prevails.大江東去，浪淘盡，千古風流人物。

The endless river eastward flows;with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years.丹青不知老將近，富貴于我如浮云。

Absorbed in painting, you know not old age is coming;indeed, to me wealth and rank are like clouds scudding.曲則全，枉則直，洼則盈，敝則新，少則得，多則惑。

To be part is to be whole;to be bent is to be straight;to be hollow is to be filled;to be worn out is to be renewed;to have little is to have more;to have much is to be confused.

第二篇：中國職稱英譯

附：中國專業技術職稱英譯（馮建忠,P.307-311）

一般認為，在中國專業技術職稱的英譯中應遵循以下幾條原則：一要體現“國際性”。中國職稱的29個系列中，有些系列國外也有，如高校教師。凡是國際上有通用稱呼的，就應移植過來，不可執意搞“創新”；國外沒有的，翻譯時也要盡可能照顧國際習慣，盡可能讓外國人基本理解。二要體現“級別性”。我國各職稱系列中的高、中、初幾個級別應力求表達出來，這樣，外國人易懂，同時也不失我國評定職稱的初衷。三要作“解釋性翻譯”，不要直譯，更不可按漢語逐字硬譯。四要簡短、明了，能用一兩個英文單詞譯出的，就不要譯成一長串。五要區別不同系列。例如，我國的圖書資料、檔案、文物博物等三個職稱系列中，都有“研究館員”這一正高級職稱，翻譯時不能籠而統之，應分別譯出他們是研究什么專業的高級館員。

以下為中國專業技術職稱英譯參考。括號中的“正高”指正高級職稱，“副高”指副高級職稱，“中”指中級職稱，“初”指初級職稱。1．研究系列

研究員(正高)

professor；professor of…

副研究員(副高)associate professor；associate professor of… 助理研究員(中)research associate 研究實習員(初)research assistant 2．大學教師系列

教授(正高)

professor;full professor 副教授(副高)

associate professor 講師(中)

lecturer 助教(初)

assistant 3．中專、技校教師系列

高級講師(副高)senior lecturer 講師(中)

lecturer 助理講師(初)

assistant lecturer 教員(初)

teacher 高級實習指導教師(副高)senior instructor 一／二／三級實習指導教師(中／初/初)first-/second-/third-grade instructor 4．中學教師系列

中學高級教師(副高)senior teacher(secondary school)中學一／二／三級教師(中／初／初)first-/second-/third-grade teacher(secondary school)5．小學教師系列

小學高級教師(中)senior teacher(primary school)小學一／-／三級教師(初／初／初)first-/second-/third-grade teacher(primary school)6．工程技術系列

教授級高級工程師(正高)professor of engineering 高級工程師(副高)senior engineer;associate professor of engineering 工程師(中)

engineer 助理工程師(初)

assistant engineer 技術員(初)

technician 7．實驗系列

高級實驗師(高)

senior experimentalist 實驗師(中)

experimentalist 助理實驗師(初)

assistant experimentalist 實驗員(初)

laboratory technician/assistant 8．農業技術系列

高級農藝師(高)

senior agronomist 農藝師(中)

agronomist 助理農藝師(初)

assistant agronomist 農業技術員(初)

agricultural technician 9．圖書資料系列

研究館員(正高)

professor of library science 副研究館員(副高)associate professor of library science 館員(中)

librarian 助理館員(初)

library assistant 管理員(初)

clerk 10．檔案系列

研究館員(正高)

professor of archive science 副研究館員(副高)associate professor of archive science 館員(中)

archivist 管理員(初)

assistant archivist

助理館員（初）

assistant archivist 管理員（初）

file clerk 11．文物博物：

研究館員(正高)

professor of relics and museology 副研究館員(副高)associate professor of relics and museo1ogy 館員(中)

museologist 助理館員(初)

assistant museo1ogist 文博管理員(初)

conservator 12．衛生技術系列

主任醫師(正高)

professor of treatment；professor of?

副主任醫師(副高)associate professor of treatment；professor of? 主治醫師(中)

doctor-in-charge 醫師(初)

doctor 醫士(初)

assistant doctor 主任藥師(正高)

professor of pharmacy 主任藥師(副高)

associate professor of pharmacy 主管藥師(中)

pharmacist-in-charge 藥師(初)

pharmacist 藥士(初)

assistant pharmacy 主任護師(正高)

professor of nursing 副主任護師(副高)associate professor of pharmacy 主管護師(中)

nurse-in-charge 護師(初)

nurse practitioner 護士(初)

nurse；nurse's aid 主任技師(正高)

full senior technologist 副主任技師(副高)associate senior technologist 主管技師(中)

technologist-in-charge 技師(初)

technologist 技士(初)

technician 13．新聞系列

高級編輯(正高)

full senior editor 主任編輯(副高)

associate senior editor 編輯(中)

editor 助理編輯(初)

assistant editor 14.出版系列

編審(正高)

professor of editorship;full senior editor 副編審(副高)

associate professor of editorship;associate senior editor 編輯(中)

editor 助理編輯(初)

assistant editor 技術編輯（中）

technical editor 助理技術編輯（初）assistant technical editor 技術設計員（初）technical designer 一/二/三級校對（中/初/初）first-/second-/third-grade proofreader 15.翻譯系列

譯審（正高）

professor of translation;full senior translator 副譯審（副高）

associate professor of translation;associate senior translator 翻譯（中）

translator 助理翻譯（初）

assistant translator 16．廣播電視播音系列

播音指導(正高)

director of announcing 主任播音員(副高)chief announcer 一／二／三級播音員(中／初／初)

first-／second-／third-grade announcer 17．經濟系列

高級經濟師(高)senior economist 經濟師(中)

economist 助理經濟師(初)assistant economist 經濟員(初)

economic clerk 18．會計系列

高級會議師(高)senior accountant 會計師(中)

accountant 助理會計師(初)assistant accountant 會計員(初)

treasurer 19．統計系列

高級統計師(高)senior statistician 統計師(中)

statistician 助理統計師(初)assistant statistician 統計員(初)

statistical clerk 20．律師系列

一／二／三／四級律師(正高／副高／中／初)first-／second-／third-／fourth-grade lawyer 律師助理(初)lawyer's assistant 21.公證系列

一／二／三／四級公證員(正高／副高／中／初)first-／second-／third-／fourth-grade notary public 公證員助理員(初)notary's assistant 22．海關系列

高級關務監督(高)senior customs supervisor 關務監督(中)

customs supervisor 助理關務監督(初)assistant customs supervisor 關務員(初)

customs clerk 23．航空飛行系列

一／二／三／四級飛行員(高／中／初／初)first-／second-／third-／fourth-grade pilot 一／二／三／四級領航員(高／中／初／初)first-／second-／third-／fourth-grade navigator 一／二／三／四級飛行通信員(高／中／初／初)first-／second-／third-／fourth-grade flight radioman 一／二／三／四級飛行機械員(高／中／初/初)first-／second-／third-／fourth-grade fight engineer 24．船舶技術系列

高級船長(高)

senior captain

船長(中)

captain 大／二／三副(中／初／初)

first／second／third mate 高級輪機長(高)senior engineer 輪機長(中)

chief(engineer)大／二／三管輪(中／初／初)

first／second／third engineman 高級電機員(高)senior electrician 通用電機員(中)general electrician 一／二等電機員(中／初)first／second electrician 高級報務員(高)senior radioman 通用報務員(中)general radioman 一／二等報務員(中／初)

first／second radioman 限用報務員(初)special radioman 25．體育教練系列

主教練(高)

head coach 教練(中)

coach 助理教練(初)

assistant coach 26．藝術系列

一／二／三／四級(畫師／演員)(高／中／初／初)first-／second-／third-／fourth-grade(painter／actor)高級工藝美術師(高)senior industrial artist 工藝美術師(中)

industrial artist 助理工藝美術師(初)assistant industrial artist 工藝美術員(初)

painter of handicraft 27.其它

I

審計(audit)套用會計系列職稱，但“審計員”可譯為auditor；專利(patent)套用研究系列職稱；法醫(forensic medicine)套用衛生技術系列職稱。

第三篇：中國職銜職稱英譯

中國職銜職稱英譯

班主任class adviser 辦公廳主任 director, general office 編導scenarist 編輯editor 編審professor of editorship 播音員announcer 編輯[中] editor

編審[正高] full senior editor

播音指導[正高] director of announcing 部長助理 assistant minister 部委辦主任 director 財務主管 controller 采購員 purchaser 參事（參贊）counselor 倉庫管理員storekeeper 常務副省長 executive vice governor 廠長factory managing director 車間主任workshop manager 出納員cashier 處長/副處長 division chief/deputy division chief 船長[中] captain

大副[中] first mate或 mate

大管輪[中] first engineman 大學校長president, university 代辦 charge d’affaires

黨組書記 secretary, party leadership group 檔案秘書 secretary-archivist 導演director

地方人大主任 chairman, local people’s congress 地區專員 commissioner, prefecture 電視主持人tv presenter

電臺/電視臺臺長radio/tv station controller

電臺節目主持人disk jockey 董事長 chairman

兒科主任醫師professor of paediatrics 兒科主治醫師 pediatrician-in-charge 二等報務員[初] second radioman 二等電機員[初] second electrician 二副[初] second mate 二管輪[初] second engineman

二級播音員[初] second-grade announcer 二級飛行機械員[中] second-grade flight engineer 二級飛行通信員[中] second-grade flight radioman 二級飛行員[中] second-grade pilot

二級公證員[副高] second-grade notary public 二級畫師 second-grade painter 二級領航員[中] second-grade navigator 二級律師[副高] second-grade lawyer

二級實習指導教師[初] second-grade instructor 二級校對[初] second-grade proofreader 發言人 spokesman 法警 judicial policeman 法醫 legal medical expert 翻譯translator/interpreter 婦科主治醫師 gyneco-logist-in-charge 副編審[副高] associate senior editor

副教授[副高] associate professor

副研究館員[副高] associate professor of library science 副研究員associate professor

副譯審[副高] associate senior translator 副主任護師[副高] associate professor of nursing 副主任技師[副高] associate senior technologist 副主任藥師[副高] associate professor of pharmacy 副主任醫師[副高] associate professor of treatment

高級報務員[高] senior radioman 高級編輯[正高] full senior editor 高級船長[高] senior captain 高級電機員[高] senior electrician

高級工程師[副高] senior engineering

高級工藝美術師[高] senior industrial artist；

高級關務監督[高] senior customs supervisor 高級會計師[高] senior accountant 高級記者[正高] full senior reporter 高級講師[副高] senior lecturer 高級經濟師[高] senior economist

高級輪機長[高] senior engineer, senior chief engineer 高級農藝師[高] senior agronomist 高級實習指導教師[副高] senior instructor 高級實驗師[高] senior lab master 高級實驗師senior experimentalist

高級統計師[高] senior statistician 工程師[中] engineer 工段長section chief 工商金融 industrial, commercial and banking communities 工藝美術師[中] industrial artist；

工藝美術員[初] painter of handicraft 公關部經理 PR manager 公使 minister

公使銜參贊 minister-counselor 公證員 notary public

公證員助理[初] notary's assistant 顧問 adviser

關務監督[中] customs supervisor 關務員[初] customs clerk

館員[中] librarian;archivist;museologist 管理員[初] file clerk 廣播電視radio and television 國務委員 state councilor 國務院各部部長 minister

國務院各委員會主任 minister in charge of commission for 國務院總理 premier, state council 候補委員 alternate member 護師[初] nurse practitioner 護士[初] nurse或 nurse's aide

化驗員chemical analyst 化裝師make-up artist 畫師painter 會長 president 會計師[中] accountant 會計員[初] treasurer 機械師mechanic 記者[中] reporter 技師[初] technologist 技士[初] technician

技術編輯[中] technical editor 技術設計員[初] technical designer 技術員[初] technician 監獄長 warden

剪輯導演montage director 建筑師architect 講師instructor/lecturer 交換教授exchange professor 教練[中] coach 教授[正高] professor

教授級高級工程師[正高] professor of engineering 教務主任dean of studies 教員[初] teacher 經紀人broker

經濟參贊 economic counselor 經濟師[中] economist 經濟員[初] economic clerk 經濟專員 economic attaché

經理 manager 警督 supervisor 警監 commissioner 警司 superintendent 警員 constable 局長 director

科長/股長 section chief

科學院院長president(academies)科員 clerk/officer 客座教授visiting professor 理事 trustee/council member 理事長 president

臨時代辦 charge d’affaires ad interim 領班captain 領事 consul

錄音師sound engineer 律師 lawyer

律師助理[初] lawyer's assistant 輪機長[中] chief, chief engineer 美術師artist 秘書長 secretary-general 名譽董事長 honorary chairman 名譽顧問 honorary adviser 名譽教授honorary professor 內科主治醫師 physician-in-charge 農業技術員[初] agricultural technician 農藝師[中] agronomist 配音演員dubber

皮膚科主任醫師 professor of dermatology 皮膚科主治醫師 dermatol-ogist-in-charge 區長 chief executive, district government

全國人大委員長/副委員長 chairman/vice chairman, national people’s

congress

人大代表 deputy to the people’s congress 人民法庭庭長 chief judge, people’s tribunals 人民法院院長 president, people’s courts

人民檢察院檢察長 procurator-general, people’s procuratorates 三副[初] third mate 三管輪[初] third engineman

三級播音員[初] third-grade announcer 三級導演 third-grade director

三級飛行機械員[初] third-grade flight engineer 三級飛行通信員[初] third-grade flight radioman 三級飛行員[初] third-grade pilot 三級公證員[中] third-grade notary public 三級領航員[初] third-grade navigator 三級律師[中] third-grade lawyer

三級實習指導教師[初] Third-grade Instructor 三級校對[初] third-grade proofreader 商務參贊 commercial counselor 商務代表 trade representative 商務專員 commercial attaché

設計師designer 社會團體 nongovernmental organization 攝影師cameraman 審計師senior auditor 審計署審計長auditor-general, auditing administration 審計員auditing clerk 審判長 chief judge 審判員 judge 省長 governor

省委/市委書記 secretary, provincial/municipal committee of the CPC 實驗師[中] lab master 實驗師experimentalist 實驗員[初] laboratory technician 市長/副市長 mayor/vice mayor 售貨員sales clerk 書記 clerk of the court

書記處書記 member, secretariat of the CPC central committee 司長 director

司法、公證、公安 judiciary, notary and public security 四級飛行機械員[初] fourth-grade flight engineer 四級飛行通信員[初] fourth-grade flight radioman 四級飛行員[初] fourth-grade pilot 四級公證員[初] fourth-grade notary public 四級領航員[初] fourth-grade navigator 四級律師[初] fourth-grade lawyer 四級演員 fourth-grade actor 特級教師teacher of special grade

特命全權大使 ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary 特派員 commissioner

通用報務員[中] general radioman 通用電機員[中] general electrician 統計師[中] statistician 統計員[初] statistical clerk 推銷員 salesman 外交官銜 diplomatic rank 外科主治醫師surgeon-in-charge 委員 member

文博管理員[初] conservator 文化專員 cultural attaché

武官 military attaché

舞蹈編劇choreographer 舞臺監督stage manager 系主任director of department/dean of the faculty 縣長 chief executive, county government 限用報務員[初] special radioman

鄉鎮長 chief executive, township government

香港特別行政區行政長官 chief executive, Hong Kong special administrative region

銷售部經理 sales manager

小學二級教師[初] second-grade teacher(primary school)小學高級教師[中] senior teacher(primary school)小學三級教師[初] third-grade teacher(primary school)小學校長headmaster, primary school 小學一級教師[初] first-grade teacher(primary school)校董事會董事trustee, board of trustees 校對proofreader 新聞文化參贊 press and cultural counselor 學部主任division chairman 學院院長dean of college 巡視員 inspector/monitor 牙科主治醫師 dentist-in-charge

研究館員[正高] professor of archives science 研究館員[正高] professor of library science 研究館員[正高] professor of relics and museology

研究實習員[初] research assistant 研究所所長director, research institute 研究員[正高] professor, professor +學科

研究員professor

眼科主治醫師 oculist-in-charge 演員actor

藥師[初] pharmacist

藥士[初] assistant pharmacist 一等報務員[中] first radioman 一等電機員[中] first electrician 一等秘書 first secretary

一級播音員[中] first-grade announcer 一級飛行機械員[高] first-grade flight engineer 一級飛行通信員[高] first-grade flight radioman 一級飛行員[高] first-grade pilot

一級公證員[正高] first-grade notary public 一級領航員[高] first-grade navigator 一級律師[正高] first-grade lawyer

一級實習指導教師[中] first-grade instructor 一級校對[中] first-grade proofreader 一級演員 first-grade actor 醫師[初] doctor

醫士[初] assistant doctor 譯審[正高] full senior translator

營業部經理 business manager 院士academician 政黨 political party

政府機構 government organization 政務參贊 political counselor

政治局常委 member, standing committee of political bureau, the cpc 政治局委員 member, political bureau of the cpc central committee 執行董事 executive director 指導教師instructor 指揮conductor 制片人producer 質檢員quality inspector 中共中央總書記 general secretary, the CPC central committee 中國科學院院長president, Chinese academy of sciences 中華人民共和國主席/副主席 president/vice president, the People’s

Republic of China 中學二級教師[初] second-grade teacher(secondary school)中學高級教師[副高] senior teacher(secondary school)中學三級教師[初] third-grade teacher(secondary school)中學校長principal, secondary school 中學一級教師[中] first-grade teacher(secondary school)中央委員 member, central committee 主管護師[中] nurse-in-charge 主管技師[中] technologist-in-charge

主管藥師[中] pharmacist-in-charge 主教練[高] chief coach

主任編輯[副高] associate senior editor 主任播音員[副高] chief announcer 主任護師[正高] professor of nursing 主任記者[副高] associate senior reporter 主任技師[正高] full senior technologist 主任委員 chairman

主任藥師[正高] professor of pharmacy 主任醫師（講課）professor of medicine 主任醫師（醫療）professor of treatment 主席 chairman

主席團執行主席executive chairman 主治醫師[中] doctor-in-charge 助教[初] assistant

助理編輯[初] assistant editor

助理翻譯assistant translator/interpreter 助理工程師[初] assistant engineer

助理工藝美術師[初] assistant industrial artist； 助理關務監督[初] assistant customs supervisor 助理館員[初] assistant archivist 助理館員[初] assistant museologist 助理館員[初] library assistant 助理會計師[初] assistant accountant

助理記者[初] assistant reporter

助理技術編輯[初] assistant technical editor 助理講師[初] assistant lecturer 助理教練[初] assistant coach 助理經濟師[初] assistant economist 助理農藝師[初] assistant agronomist 助理實驗師[初] assistant lab master 助理統計師[初] assistant statistician 助理研究員[中] research associate 注冊會計師certified public accountant 注冊主管registrar 總編輯editor-in-chief 總裁 president 總干事 director-general 總監 director

總經理 general manager;c.e.o(chief executive officer)總警監 commissioner general 總領事 consul general 總務長dean of general affairs 作業班長foreman 8

第四篇：中國古典名著書名英譯

中國古典名著書名英譯

1．《三國演義》Three Kingdoms or Romance of The Three Kingdoms

2．《水滸傳》The Water Margin or the Outlaws of the Marsh

3．《西游記》Story of a Journey to the West or The Pilgriage to the West

4．《紅樓夢》A Dream in Red Mansions or A Red-Chamber Dream

5．《聊齋志異》Strange Stories from a Scholar's Studio

6．《大學》The Great Learning

7．《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean

8．《論語》The Analects of Confucius

9．《孟子》The Words of Mencius

10．《詩經》The Book of Songs

11．《書經》The Book of History

12．《易經》The Book of Changes

13．《禮記》The Book of Rites

14．《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals

15．《山海經》Mountain and Sea Classics

16．《戰國策》Stratagems of the Warring States

17．《史記》Records of the Grand Historian

18．《世紀新說》New sayings of the World

19．《西廂記》Romance of the Western Chamber

第五篇：中國古詩英譯研究

哈 爾 濱 師 范 大 學 成人高等教育本科畢業論文

論文題目

從文化差異角度 看古詩英譯中意象的傳譯

論文作者：劉真真 學 號 ：2008025713 作者單位：哈師大教育學系2班 指導教師：袁鳳榮 專 業 ：英語教育

2011年5月

摘要：詩歌是文學形式最精練的濃縮。它用其獨特的風格向讀者傳遞思想和情感，以觸動讀者的感情。中國古典詩歌作為中國歷史文化的濃縮，有著其獨特的特點。如此豐富、美妙的詩歌應該由全世界的人民所共享。他們應該成為全世界的共同財富。但中國文字和語言的復雜性又使得中國古典詩歌很難被外人所理解和掌握。于是，翻譯就成了必要的手段和媒介。顯然，不同語言和文化之間存在著很大的差異，差異越大，他們之間翻譯的難度就越大。而翻譯中國古典詩歌更是面臨著很多困難。

在翻譯中，沒有絕對的對等，即使有了表面上的對等，在意義上也不可能做到真正的對等。因此在翻譯過程中運用創造性就成了詩歌翻譯，尤其是中國古典詩歌翻譯的必經途徑。

本文從文化差異的角度來剖析古詩英譯中意象的傳達，以說明怎樣更好地克服文化差異，最低限度地減少古詩翻譯中的“文化虧損”。

關鍵詞：中國古典詩歌 文化差異 傳達 意象

Abstract: Poetry is a most condensed or compressed form of literature.It conveys emotion or ideas to touch the reader’s feelings with its unique style.Classical Chinese poetry(CCP),as the condense of Chinese history and culture,has it unique characteristics.Such rich,beautiful and wonderful poems should be appreciated by all the human beings.They should be the common wealth of the world.But Chinese language is very complex,which is difficult to understand and grasp.Under this condition,translation seems to be the necessary media.Obviously there exist differences in different languages and different cultures.The bigger the differences are, the bigger the difficulties of translation between each other are.Translating CCP into English is obviously difficult.In translation,there is no absolute equivalence.Even if there is literal equivalence,they may not be equivalent in meaning.From the perspective of cultural differences to analyze imagery to convey Classical Chinese Poetry Translation,in order to illustrate how to overcome cultural differences better.And to reduse the “cultural loss ”in translation at a minimum level.Key Word:Classical Chinese Poetry , cultural difference, convey, images

論文提綱：

1.文化差異與古詩翻譯

2.古詩英譯中文化意象的傳譯

2.1 意象并列

例：柳宗元《江雪》

2.2 典故的意象

例：盧綸《塞下曲》

2.3 隱含意象

例：賀之章《詠柳》

3.結論

從文化差異角度看古詩英譯中意象的傳譯

由于中西方文化背景的極大差異，這就注定了英譯古詩時必然會出現文化信息的遺漏，這也就需要譯者在認真讀懂原稿的基礎上懂得變通，抓住文化內涵的核心，由詩詞的表層結構深入到其深層結構，盡力展現其“意”的傳神和生動.本文通過實例分析了在翻譯唐詩宋詞過程中文化信息的遺漏現象，同時還給出了一些處理的方法，力求在古詩詞的英譯過程中在更高的層面上實現文化的溝通。

翻譯是一種跨文化交際活動。譯者要傳遞的不僅是出發語的語義信息，還要傳遞其所附著的文化和語用信息。但是以出發語作為母語的詩人在創作時其意向讀者，通常不包括外國讀者，尤其不包括非本族語的讀者。因此在本族語交際雙方認為是不言而喻的文化背景知識，對于其他文化的讀者來說卻常常不知所云。詩歌是語言最凝練、最精粹、內涵最豐富的一種文學形式，它積鍵了中國悠久的歷史文化。但是由于中西方文化背景的極大差別這就往定了英譯詩歌時必然會文化信息的遺漏。因而，在文化進行相互滲透，相互吸收的同時，不可避免地會出現文化信息遺漏的現象。本文將就唐詩宋詞英譯中出現的這類現象通過實例進行探討，同時還給出了一些處理的方法，力求在古詩詞的英譯過程中在更高的層面上實現文化的溝通。

1.文化差異與古詩翻譯

古詩作為一個相對獨立的話語世界，其翻譯特別強調文化信息與美感效應的傳遞。詩歌的翻譯與文化密切相連。詩歌被喻為“文學皇冠上的明珠”，其語言具有高度凝練，以少勝多的特點，引經據典，文化色彩很濃。許多詩歌里的比喻、象征、典故以及專有名詞，都和文化血肉相連。英漢詞語的文化內涵既有相互重疊的部分，也有難以吻合的層面。譯者只有最大限度地補足其互缺的內容，才能使譯文臻于完美。翻譯中，由于英漢文化之間的差異，英語中不可能都具有漢語里的對等詞匯，尤其是詩歌的翻譯，要譯得像詩，要講究壓韻，格式是否整齊等，并且詩歌中很多民族色彩的內容無法用另一種不同的語言原汁原味地傳出，所以詩歌的翻澤具有很大的局限性。

古詩英譯中文化內涵的適當取舍，是構成譯詩的整體風格和意境美不可或缺的要素。在處理文化差異時．要在語言和形式統一的基礎上，尋求一個平衡點，對目的語系統所固有的價值觀念，文化取向和審美習俗等方面進行分析，并做出準確的判斷，然后再選擇合適的詞匯，最低限度地減少文化差異。

2.古詩英譯中文化意象的傳譯

詩的語言是文學語言，但文學語言未必都是詩的語言。中國古典詩詞之所以含蓄，洗練，自然綺麗，與譴詞用字有直接關系。

1、意象并列

漢語詩歌豐富的文化意蘊依靠構成詩篇的一個個詞語來體現，卻又遠遠超過這些詞語意義之和。比如，柳宗元《江雪》一詩后兩句“孤舟蓑笠翁，獨釣寒江雪?！彪m然只有幾個指代景物和人物的名詞： “孤舟”，“蓑笠”，“(老)翁”，“寒江”和“雪”。加上一個靜態的動詞“釣”，但是這兩個詩句所表達的意境絕不在于這些詞語的意思及其所指代的意象相加和堆砌，而在于它們之間相互交融。相互關聯感應所生成 的一種寂寞寒冷，孤傲清高，脫離世俗，超然物外的整體意蘊。如：

千山鳥飛絕，萬徑人蹤滅。孤舟蓑笠翁，獨釣寒江雪。譯文一：

A hundred mountains and no birds;A thousand paths without a footprint;A little boat , a bamboo cloak, An old man fishing in the cold river-snow.------By Witter Bynner 譯文二：

From hill to hill no bird in flight, From path to path no man in sight.A straw-cloaked man a float,behold!Is fishing snow on river cold.-------By Xu Yuanchong 譯文l采用意象并置的手段。密集的意象群激發起讀者豐富的想象，帶給讀者新鮮的審美體驗，然而孤寂落寞的意境僅以不定冠詞“a”來傳達是不充分的。譯文2中，許淵沖靈活地采用并列結構“from?to?”增強孤寂感。個體意象成功的翻譯，為意境的傳達奠定了基礎。最后一句話中譯者精心制造“老翁釣雪”的獨特意象，此舉看似不和邏輯卻又在情理之中，流露出堅韌不屈的樂觀精神。原詩意境得以完全的表現，許譯算得上是譯作中的精品。

漢語詩歌，尤其是中國古典漢語詩詞，素來追求“言外之意”。而對于英、美讀者來說，一首漢語詩歌，即使結構十分完整，也只是他們“都不認識”的“形象”，因為他們不認識漢字，不懂中國文化，無從理解其意義。因此譯者在進行譯詩語篇重構時，必須盡可能按照譯人語的表達習慣填充語氣符號的空白。補綴語句成分的缺省。只有這樣才能有助于他們理解詩中諸多意象之間的彼此聯系，從整體上把握和理解詩詞的意境內涵。

2、典故的意象

詩詞為講究語言精練，經常運用歷史典故，其最大的好處便是用簡單符號傳達復雜信息，擴充詩作容量。翻譯古詩中的典故，也應考慮到譯語文化與源語文化的差異及譯語讀者的理解和接受能力，有必要進行一定的變通。下面我們以盧綸的《塞下曲》之二兩個譯本的比較來看譯詩過程中意象的變通：

林暗草驚風，將軍夜行弓。平明尋白羽，沒在石棱中.The woods are black and a wind assail s the grasses，Yet the general tries night archery．

And next morning he finds his white—plumed arrow，Pointed deep in the hard rock． 一一By Bynner 原詩記載的是飛將軍李廣的故事?？墒且陨献g文對原詩用典毫無涉及，完全是依照原詩字面用英語重構而成，沒能整體再現原詩的意境。因此，譯詩讀者就無從感受原詩的整體內涵與意蘊，也無法理解“why the general tries night archery”。該詩另一譯本對原詩意象空白進行了適當的變通處理：

In the dark woods grass shivers at the wind's howl，The general takes it for a tiger's growl． He shoots and looks for his arrow next moon，Only to find it pierced amid the thorn． 一一By Xu Yuanchong 許淵沖不僅從整體上把握了原詩“林暗，夜黑，風疾，驚險，緊張，刺激”的意境，以變通手法在譯詩中增加了“the wind's howl”和“a tiger's growl”兩個聲音意象，還巧妙地運用了動詞“shiver”和體現聽覺反應的介詞短語“at the

wind's howl”，以擬人手法將原詩“草驚風”譯成“grass shivers at the wind's howl”生動傳神地再現了原詩第一句所帶有的驚險氣氛。然后，又用“it”指代“grass shivers at the wind's howl”，將原詩第二句譯為“The general takes it for a tiger's growl”。通過意象的變通處理，譯者在譯詩有限的詞語中融入了有關原詩典故的重要信息，這樣不僅最大限度地保全了原詩的原意，而且還為譯詩讀者深入領會譯詩意蘊掃清了障礙。

3、隱含意象

由于文化差異，在澤語詩篇蕈構中，我們會發現，原詩中的某個意象往往很難在譯語中找到與之完全對應的東西。有時原詩中某個意象背后還如影隨形似的依附著一個具有深層文化內涵的隱含意象。在這種情況下，詩歌意象的轉換不應局限于語言形式的對應。譯者應從總體上把握詩中的意象，對其進行恰當的變通，必要時應在譯詩詩篇重構中將原詩意蘊中有而字面上沒有的意象凸顯出來。中國古典詩歌喜歡用比喻，比喻產生聯想，想象，能使抽象的事物具體化，形象化。許多比喻是可以直譯的，但由于英漢兩種文化的差異，同樣的比喻形象在中西讀者心目中能引起不同的聯想，這時應考慮用譯文語言中可以引起與原文形象相同聯想的形象取代，以便保證意境相似，意義和風格對等。下面來比較一下賀之長《詠柳》一詩的兩個英澤本： 碧玉妝成一樹高，萬條垂下綠絲絳。不知細葉誰裁出，二月春風似剪刀。Emerald rashioned into a tall tree； Hung with myriad silk braids of green;Who tailored the dainty leaves? The snipping wind of early spring． 一一By Wen Shu

原詩前兩句用“碧玉”來形容柳樹，描述一棵柳樹矗立在春風里，好像使用碧玉妝扮而成的。鮮嫩的枝條垂落下來，仿佛是閃著碧玉色澤的絲帶。這是詩中“碧玉”意象的第一層喻義。然而，它還有另一層喻義。中國文化中有“小家碧玉”一詞，來喻指小戶人家出生的年輕貌美的女子。詩人正是借“碧玉”這一意象將婀娜多姿的綠柳暗喻為凝妝玉立的美女。可以上譯詩只保留了“emerald”的第一層意象，沒有將其隱喻的“beauty”意象透露出來。這就使譯詩中借“emerald”一詞從原詩轉換過來的“碧玉”意象失去了雙關的喻義而顯得較為單薄。這樣意象轉換造成了隱喻意象的空缺，沒能達到既傳形又傳神的效果。對于原詩中的意象，下一譯本的變通處理顯得較為妥當：

Jade-1ike weeping willow looks 1ike a beauty's figure； Its slender twigs are green ribbons of beauty's skirts． Who on earth cuts out the thin leaves on the osiers? The early spring's breeze seems to play the roles of shears．

一一By Lin Kezhang 顯然，這位譯者熟知原詩“碧玉”的雙重喻義，他先用“Jade—like”一詞在譯詩中保留了“碧玉”這一意象，再以英語明喻修辭手法填補隱喻意象空白。將“碧玉”暗指的“美女”變通為“(1ike)beauty’s figure”在譯語字面上加以體現。這樣的意象變通雖有失原詩的含蓄，但畢竟設法將譯詩讀者無法發覺和領悟的“象外之象”和“言外之意”揭示出來，幫他們掃除了理解的障礙。

3.結論

通過以上的漢詩英譯的實例分析不難發現，造成譯詩總體意蘊偏離原詩的原因在于譯者只根據原詩的上下語境進行

翻譯，往往忽略了對原詩文化語境的整體把握，忽略了譯詩中英漢詞匯的文化差異的處理。翻譯文學作品難，譯詩更難，譯古詩更是難七加難。且不說結構，音韻，美感上的重建，單是詞語層面上的文化意蘊就需瀆者精心研究和準確傳達，而這也是譯詩成功的關鍵因素。

參考文獻：

【1】辜正坤．中西詩比較鑒賞與翻譯理論【M】．北京：清華大學出版社，2003．

【2】黎翠珍．翻譯評賞㈣．北京：中國青年出版社，2004． 【3】文殊．唐詩絕句名篇英譯【M】．北京：外教出版社，1997． 【4】袁行霈．中國詩歌藝術研究【M】．北京：北京大學出版社，1998．

鳴謝

在哈師大西語學院英語系進行二學歷學習期間，本著努力勤奮、鉆研求實的精神度過了兩年的學習生活。在此感謝英語系給我的這次寶貴的機會，讓我離英語知識的巔峰又近了一步。特此感謝我的所有老師們，特別是為我批改畢業論文的袁鳳榮老師，她為我提出中肯而可行的建議，使我對于在英語翻譯方面的知識及中外文化的異同有了更系統的了解。衷心謝謝教過我的老師們，希望他們今后工作順利！