第一篇：大學英語四級考試閱讀材料每日一練(一)

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Passage 1 Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.Before the nineteenth century ,scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between.Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings ,but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea ,there was little reason to ask many questions about it ,let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.The first time that the question ”what is at the bottom of the oceans? ”had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter.In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable.At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way.In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea.Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.1、The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on ____________________.A)an academic aspect B)a military aspect C)a business aspect D)an international aspect

2、It was _______________________that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A)the American Navy B)some early intercontinental travelers C)those who earned a living from the sea

D)the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable

3、The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840 was_______________ A)to make some sounding experiments in the oceans B)to collect sample of sea plants and animals C)to estimate the length of cable that was needed

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D)to measure the depths of the two oceans

4、”Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means “_________________” A)doubted B)gave proof to C)challenged D)agreed to

5、This passage is mainly about_________________ A)the beginnings of oceanography B)the laying of the first undersea cable B)the investigation of ocean depths D)the early intercontinental communications

Passage 1(The original text translating)

海洋學的定義是“慶用所有的科學來研究海洋”

１９世紀以前，極少有科學家對研究海洋感興趣，當然，牛頓在他的作品中對海洋做了一些理論方面的探討，但他并不情愿自己去海邊作進一步的研究。對大多數人來說，海洋是遙遠的，除了早期穿越洲際的旅行家們以及依靠海洋維持生計的人，幾乎找不出理由要提出關于海洋的問題，更不會問海洋表面下還有些什么東西。人們第一次必須回答“海洋底部是什么？”（１）這個問題是有商業上的后果的，當時有人提議要鋪設一條從歐洲到美洲的電報纜線。工程師們必須了解路線的縱深起伏形狀，才可以估計需要制造多長的電纜。

Passage 1 Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.Before the nineteenth century ,scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between.Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings ,but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea ,there was little reason to ask many questions about it ,let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.The first time that the question ”what is at the bottom of the oceans? ”had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter.In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable.At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.免費？宅在家學英語？怎么報名？

Within a few years oceanography was under way.In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea.Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.1、The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on ____________________.A)an academic aspect B)a military aspect C)a business aspect D)an international aspect

2、It was _______________________that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A)the American Navy B)some early intercontinental travelers C)those who earned a living from the sea

D)the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable

3、The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840 was_______________ A)to make some sounding experiments in the oceans B)to collect sample of sea plants and animals C)to estimate the length of cable that was needed D)to measure the depths of the two oceans

4、”Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means “_________________” A)doubted B)gave proof to C)challenged D)agreed to

5、This passage is mainly about_________________ A)the beginnings of oceanography B)the laying of the first undersea cable B)the investigation of ocean depths D)the early intercontinental communications

Passage 1(The original text translating)

海洋學的定義是“慶用所有的科學來研究海洋”

１９世紀以前，極少有科學家對研究海洋感興趣，當然，牛頓在他的作品中對海洋做了一些理論方面的探討，但他并不情愿自己去海邊作進一步的研究。對大多數人來說，海洋是遙遠的，除了早期穿越洲際的旅行家們以及依靠海洋維持生計的人，幾乎找不出理由要提出關于海洋的問題，更不會問海洋表面下還有些什么東西。人們第一次必須回答“海洋底部是什么？”（１）這個問題是有商業上的后果的，當時有人提議要鋪設一條從歐洲到美洲的電報纜線。工程師們必須了解路線的縱深起伏形狀，才可以估計需要制造多長的電纜。

（２）由于美國海軍的莫里（Maury），大西洋電報公司才在１８５３年得到了這方面的信息。１９世紀４０年代，（３）莫里負責推動進行測探工作的海上航

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行，以此來調查北大西洋與太平洋的深度。此后，他出了一本叫做《海洋的自然地貌》的書，在這本書里他提到的一些發現激起了人們很大的興趣。

人們鋪設了電纜，但直到１８６６年，才有了固定而且可靠的連接。在早期的努力中，電纜壞了，而當它被拉出來維修時，人們發現其表面覆蓋著（４）活的生物。這一事實挑戰了當時的一種科學觀點，即海洋較深層是不存在生命的。海洋學在此后幾年內發展起來。１８７２年，湯姆森（Thomson），帶頭進行了一項科學考察，歷時４年，從海洋帶回了數以千計的標本。科學家們花了數年時間將它們分類并進行分析，寫出了一個長達五卷的報告，其中最后一卷于１８９５年出版。

１、從歐洲到美洲鋪設電報纜線的提議使得海洋學研究是從_______出發的Ａ）學術角度

Ｂ）軍事角度 Ｃ）商業角度 Ｄ）國際角度 ２、向莫里要求得到海洋學研究方面幫助的是____________ Ａ）美國海軍

Ｂ）一些早期的穿越大洲的旅行家

Ｃ）依靠海洋維持生計的人

Ｄ）提議鋪設一條海底電纜的公司

３、１９世紀４０年代，莫里負責的海上航行的目的是要____________ Ａ）在海上進行測探實驗

Ｂ）收集海洋動植物的標本

Ｃ）估測所需電纜的長度

Ｄ）測量兩個海洋的深度 ４、第五段的“ field ”一詞可能的意思是___________ Ａ）置疑

Ｂ）證明

Ｃ）挑戰

Ｄ）同意 ５、這一段文章主要是關于____________ Ａ）海洋學的起步

Ｂ）第一條海底電纜的鋪設 Ｃ）對海洋深度的研究 Ｄ）早期的洲際交流

“成千上萬人瘋狂下載。。。

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第二篇：大學英語四級考試閱讀材料每日一練(十四)

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Passage 13 Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitively areas such as attention and memory.This is true regardless of age.People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in.And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives.“The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging.“Most of us don’t need that kind of skill.Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintainmental alertness.” Fozard and others say they challenge their brains work.Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups.Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well.Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted.“The point is, you need to do both.” Cohen says, “Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.”

61.People who are cognitively healthy are those________ A)who can remember large amounts of information B)who are highly intelligent C)whose minds are alert and receptive D)who are good at recognizing different sounds 62.According to Fozard’s argument, people can make their brains work more efficiently by___ A)constantly doing memory work B)taking part in various mental activities C)going through specific training D)making frequent adjustments 63.The findings of James and other scientists in their work_______ A)remain a theory to be further proved

B)have been challenged by many other experts C)have been generally accepted D)are practiced by the researchers themselves 64.Older people are generally advised to _______ A)keep fit by going in for physical activities B)keep mentally active by challenging their brains C)maintain mental alertness through specific training D)maintain a balance between individual and group activities 65.What is the passage mainly about? A)How biochemical changes occur in the human brain

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B)Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally C)How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health D)Why people should receive special mental training as they age.Passage 13 研究學者已經得出觀點，當人們精神上投入時，大腦中也會發生生人變化，使它在注意力和記憶力這樣的認知領域動作效率更高。這一事實與年齡無關。（６１）當人們面對可以聯想到感興趣事物的信息時，便會警覺起來，接受能力強。而習慣于多進行這種活動的人比那些從來沒有積極主動思考的人在步入老年時明顯更加健康。許多專家確信，向大腦提出挑戰是極有好處的，因此他們將這一理論應于自己身上。國立老化研究所的副主任（６２）James Fozard說：“關鍵不是非得學會記憶大量的信息。我們大多數人并不需要那種技巧。這種特別的培訓沒有保持精神集中的能力更加有趣。”（６３）Fozard與其他人都宣稱他們用各種不同的精神技巧向自己的大腦提出挑戰，不僅因為他們喜歡這樣，還因為他們確信自己的活動領域有助于大腦工作的方式。

Gene Cohen是同一研究所的代理主任，他建議年紀較大的人參加腦力與體力活動時應使獨自參與和集體行動兼而有之。Cohen說（６４）我們通常得到的建議時在年紀增長時要保持身體上的活動，但老人也需要保持精神上的活力。這樣做的人更有可能保持其智力水平，通常更加愉快，能更好地調節自己的生活。Cohen說，“關鍵是，你得雙管齊下。智力行為的確對腦細胞的健康與大小有影響。”

Passage 13 Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitively areas such as attention and memory.This is true regardless of age.People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in.And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives.“The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging.“Most of us don’t need that kind of skill.Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintainmental alertness.” Fozard and others say they challenge their brains work.Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups.Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well.Those who do are more likely to maintain their intell ectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted.“The point is, you need to do both.” Cohen says, “Intellectual activity actually

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influences brain-cell health and size.”

61.People who are cognitively healthy are those________ A)who can remember large amounts of information B)who are highly intelligent C)whose minds are alert and receptive D)who are good at recognizing different sounds 62.According to Fozard’s argument, people can make their brains work more efficiently by___ A)constantly doing memory work B)taking part in various mental activities C)going through specific training D)making frequent adjustments 63.The findings of James and other scientists in their work_______ A)remain a theory to be further proved

B)have been challenged by many other experts C)have been generally accepted D)are practiced by the researchers themselves 64.Older people are generally advised to _______ A)keep fit by going in for physical activities B)keep mentally active by challenging their brains C)maintain mental alertness through specific training D)maintain a balance between individual and group activities 65.What is the passage mainly about? A)How biochemical changes occur in the human brain B)Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally C)How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health D)Why people should receive special mental training as they age.Passage 13 研究學者已經得出觀點，當人們精神上投入時，大腦中也會發生生人變化，使它在注意力和記憶力這樣的認知領域動作效率更高。這一事實與年齡無關。（６１）當人們面對可以聯想到感興趣事物的信息時，便會警覺起來，接受能力強。而習慣于多進行這種活動的人比那些從來沒有積極主動思考的人在步入老年時明顯更加健康。許多專家確信，向大腦提出挑戰是極有好處的，因此他們將這一理論應于自己身上。國立老化研究所的副主任（６２）James Fozard說：“關鍵不是非得學會記憶大量的信息。我們大多數人并不需要那種技巧。這種特別的培訓沒有保持精神集中的能力更加有趣。”（６３）Fozard與其他人都宣稱他們用各種不同的精神技巧向自己的大腦提出挑戰，不僅因為他們喜歡這樣，還因為他們確信自己的活動領域有助于大腦工作的方式。

Gene Cohen是同一研究所的代理主任，他建議年紀較大的人參加腦力與體力活動時應使獨自參與和集體行動兼而有之。Cohen說（６４）我們通常得到的建議時在年紀增長時要保持身體上的活動，但老人也需要保持精神上的活力。這樣做的人更有可能保持其智力水平，通常更加愉快，能更好地調節自己的生活。Cohen說，“關鍵是，你得雙管齊下。智力行為的確對腦細胞的健康與大小有影響。”

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６１、明顯健康的人是那些______________ Ａ）可以記住大量信息的人

Ｂ）非常聰明的人

Ｃ）思維警覺，接受能力強的人

Ｄ）擅長分辨不同聲音的人 ６２、根據Fozard的觀點，人們通過_______可以讓大腦更加高效的工作。Ａ）一直做記憶性的工作

Ｂ）參加各種腦力活動 Ｃ）進行特別的培訓

Ｄ）經常進行調整 ６３、James與其他科學家在研究中的發現_________ Ａ）還是有待證明的理論

Ｂ）受到許多其他專家的挑戰 Ｃ）已廣為人接受

Ｄ）被他們自己應用 ６４、老年人通常得到的建議是_________ Ａ）堅持體能鍛煉以保持身體健康

Ｂ）向他們大腦提出挑戰，以保持精神上的活躍 Ｃ）通過特別的培訓來保持精神警覺 Ｄ）在獨自活動與集體活動之間保持平衡 ６５、本文的中心思想是什么？

Ａ）人腦中的生化變化是如何發生的

Ｂ）為什么人應該保持身體與精神兩方面的活躍 Ｃ）智力行為如何影響腦細胞的健康

Ｄ）為什么人應該在年齡增長時接受特別的精神培訓

“成千上萬人瘋狂下載。。。

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第三篇：大學英語四級考試閱讀材料每日一練(十三)

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Passage 14 Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do-especially in a tight job market.Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come cross his desk every day.“It’s amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves,” he says.“Resumes arrive with stains.Some candidates don’t bother to spell the company’s name correctly.Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate, ” Crossley concludes.If they cannot take of these details.“Why should we trust them with a job?”

Can we pay too much attention to detail? Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward.“To keep from losing the forest for the trees,” says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture they don’t, we should drop them and move to something else.”

Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA.“The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time,” says Garfield.“But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal.This allowed us to landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal.This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary.” Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.Too often we believe what accounts for other’s success is some special secret or a lucky break.But rarely is success so mysterious.Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.66.According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected________ A)because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume B)because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume C)because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applications D)because they eliminated their names from the applicants list themselves 67.The word “perfectionists”(Line 1, Para 3)refers to those who________ A)demand others to get everything absolutely right B)know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances C)pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives D)are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do 68.Which of the following is the author’s advice to the reader? A)Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlooked B)Don’t forget details when drawing pictures

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C)Be aware of the importance of a task before undertaking it.D)Careless applicants are not to be trusted.69.The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that_______ A)minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectives B)failure is the mother of success C)adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any work D)keeping one’s goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked 70.The best title for this passage would be _________ A)Don’t Be a Perfectionist B)Importance of Adjustments C)Details and Major Objectives D)Hard Work Plus Good Luck

Passage 14 每個人都可以，而且應該對細節加以注意——尤其是在供過于求的就業市場上，Bob Crossley是一名人力資源專家，他在每日放到桌上的就職申請中注意到了這一點。他說道：“有許多候選人自己把自己給淘汰了，其人數之多令人吃驚。”（６６）簡歷送來時不夠清潔，有污點。有些候選人把公司的名字拼錯了。“我只要看到一個錯誤，就把候選人淘汰掉了。”Crossley總結到，“如果他們連這樣的細節都注意不到，我們憑什么在工作中相信他們呢？”

Passage 14 Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do-especially in a tight job market.Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come cross his desk every day.“It’s amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves,” he says.“Resumes arrive with stains.Some candidates don’t bother to spell the company’s name correctly.Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate, ” Crossley concludes.If they cannot take of these details.“Why should we trust them with a job?”

Can we pay too much attention to detail? Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward.“To keep from losing the forest for the trees,” says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture they don’t, we should drop them and move to something else.”

Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA.“The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time,” says Garfield.“But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal.This allowed us to landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal.This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary.” Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.Too often we believe what accounts for other’s success is some special secret or a lucky break.But rarely is success so mysterious.Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.66.According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected________

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A)because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume B)because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume C)because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applications D)because they eliminated their names from the applicants list themselves 67.The word “perfectionists”(Line 1, Para 3)refers to those who________ A)demand others to get everything absolutely right B)know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances C)pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives D)are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do 68.Which of the following is the author’s advice to the reader? A)Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlooked B)Don’t forget details when drawing pictures C)Be aware of the importance of a task before undertaking it.D)Careless applicants are not to be trusted.69.The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that_______ A)minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectives B)failure is the mother of success C)adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any work D)keeping one’s goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked 70.The best title for this passage would be _________ A)Don’t Be a Perfectionist B)Importance of Adjustments C)Details and Major Objectives D)Hard Work Plus Good Luck

Passage 14 每個人都可以，而且應該對細節加以注意——尤其是在供過于求的就業市場上，Bob Crossley是一名人力資源專家，他在每日放到桌上的就職申請中注意到了這一點。他說道：“有許多候選人自己把自己給淘汰了，其人數之多令人吃驚。”（６６）簡歷送來時不夠清潔，有污點。有些候選人把公司的名字拼錯了。“我只要看到一個錯誤，就把候選人淘汰掉了。”Crossley總結到，“如果他們連這樣的細節都注意不到，我們憑什么在工作中相信他們呢？”

我們對細節過分地注意會不會太過分呢？當然會。（６７）完美主義者以自己工作的較大目標為代價在小事情上糾纏不休。“為幾棵樹而放棄了森林”，在圣弗朗西斯科的加州大學副教授Charles Garfield說，“我們必須不斷地問自己，我們關注的細節怎樣與更大的事業相吻合。如果不符合的話，就應該丟下它們，去做其他的事情。”

Garfield將這一過程與他在國家航空宇航局任計算機科學家的工作相比較。“阿波羅二號向月球發射時有９０％的時間都稍稍偏離了航道，”Garfield說，“但還是有可能成功著陸的，因為我們知道目標的確切坐標。這使得我們在必要時可以做

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出調整。”（６９）知道我們想去的地方是什么有助于我們判斷我們從事的任務的重要性。

我們過于經常地相信，他們的成功是源自某些特別的秘密或是幸運的機遇。但成功很少有這么神奇。我們反復看到，（６８）在我們力所能及的范圍做好小事情，隨后就會得到大回報。

６６、根據本文，有些申請職位的人被拒絕________ A)是因為他們不夠細心，這一點從他們送交的不夠清潔的簡歷中可以看出 B)是因為他們所受的教育不夠，這一點從他們簡歷中糟糕的拼寫中可以看出 C)是因為他們在申請時沒有詳細描述他們的背景

D)是因為他們自己把自己的名字從申請人名單中刪除了

６７、perfectionists這個詞（第三段第２行）指那些_____的人。

A)要求別人絕對做好每一件事

B)知道如何根據情況調整目標 C)對細節過分關注，而忽略了主要目標

D)無論做什么都能達到完美的效果

６８、下面哪個是作者對讀者的建議？

A)雖然對細節過于關注可能代價過高，它們也不應被忽略 B)畫圖時別忘了細節

C)在從事一項任務之前要想清楚它的重要性 D)不細心的申請者不會被信任

６９、阿波羅二號向月球發射的例子是為了說明________-A)在向主要目標進發時小錯誤可以忽略

B)失敗是成功之母 C)調整是成功做好一切工作的關鍵

D)在心里保持一個目標對于決定什么樣的細節可以被忽略很有用 ７０、本文最好的標題應是________-A)別做完美主義者

B)調整的重要性 C)細節與主要目標

D)努力工作加好運

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Passage 18 Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food.The most you can say about anyone’s preference, is that it’s one person’s opinion.But because the two big cola companies-Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we’ve wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty.We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic or Pepsi, Diet Coke, or Diet Pepsi.These were people who thought they’d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers.Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other.We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi;then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants’ choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand.In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials.The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse-only 7 to 27 identified all four samples correctly.While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times.Two people got all four samples wrong.Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor.Our preference test result suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.86.According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to _______ A)find out the role taste preference plays in a person’s drinking B)reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers C)show that a person’s opinion about taste is mere guess-work D)compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks 87.The statistics recorded in the preference tests show_______ A)Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people’s two most favorite drinks B)There is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi C)Few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi D)People’s tastes differ from one another 88.It is implied in the first paragraph that________ A)the purpose of taste tests is to promote the sale of colas B)the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companies C)the competition between the two colas is very strong D)blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans 89.The word “burnout”(Line 4, Para.5)here refers to the state of _________

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A)being seriously burnt in the skin B)being unable to burn for lack of fuel C)being badly damaged by fire D)being unable to function because of excessive use 90.The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to _________ A)show that taste preference is highly subjective B)argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy C)emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other D)recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas

Passage 18（９０）味覺是極為主觀的東西，因而我們通常不會做對食品喜好程度的測試。我們能對任何人的偏好所說的最多的，便是那是個人意見。（８８）但因為兩大可樂公司——可口可樂與百事可樂的銷售是如此的具有攻擊性，（８６）我們不由地想知道對味道的偏好在品牌忠誠度上實際起了多大的作用。我們開始了一項味覺測試，它會挑戰那些自稱是可口可樂或是百事可樂的擁護者的人：蒙眼嘗味來發現你喜愛的品牌。

Passage 18 Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food.The most you can say about anyone’s preference, is that it’s one person’s opinion.But because the two big cola companies-Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we’ve wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty.We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic or Pepsi, Diet Coke, or Diet Pepsi.These were people who thought they’d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers.Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other.We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi;then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants’ choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they cou)ld recognize their brand.In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials.The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse-only 7 to 27 identified all four samples correctly.While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times.Two people got all four samples wrong.Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor.Our preference test result suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.86.According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to _______ A)find out the role taste preference plays in a person’s drinking B)reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers

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C)show that a person’s opinion about taste is mere guess-work D)compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks 87.The statistics recorded in the preference tests show_______ A)Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people’s two most favorite drinks B)There is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi C)Few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi D)People’s tastes differ from one another 88.It is implied in the first paragraph that________ A)the purpose of taste tests is to promote the sale of colas B)the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companies C)the competition between the two colas is very strong D)blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans 89.The word “burnout”(Line 4, Para.5)here refers to the state of _________ A)being seriously burnt in the skin B)being unable to burn for lack of fuel C)being badly damaged by fire D)being unable to function because of excessive use 90.The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to _________ A)show that taste preference is highly subjective B)argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy C)emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other D)recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas

Passage 18（９０）味覺是極為主觀的東西，因而我們通常不會做對食品喜好程度的測試。我們能對任何人的偏好所說的最多的，便是那是個人意見。（８８）但因為兩大可樂公司——可口可樂與百事可樂的銷售是如此的具有攻擊性，（８６）我們不由地想知道對味道的偏好在品牌忠誠度上實際起了多大的作用。我們開始了一項味覺測試，它會挑戰那些自稱是可口可樂或是百事可樂的擁護者的人：蒙眼嘗味來發現你喜愛的品牌。

我們請了一批志愿者，他們對傳統可口可樂、百事可樂、低糖可樂與低糖百事四者中的一種十分喜愛。他們都認為自己可以毫不費力把自己喜愛的牌子與其它牌子區分開來。

我們最終確定了１９名普通可樂飲用者與２７名低糖可樂飲用者。

然后我們給他們喝四種不知種類的可樂樣品，每次一種，一組喝普通可樂，另一組喝低糖可樂。我們請他們說出每種樣品是可口可樂還是百事可樂；然后以統計的角度分析數據，以把參加測試者的選擇與猜測相比較。我們認為把四種樣品都判斷正確可不容易，但也不算困難，因為這些人都相信自己可以分辨出自己喜愛的品牌。（８７）結果，１９個普通可樂飲用者中只有７個正確地在全部四個測試樣品中區分出了自己喜愛的品牌。低糖可樂飲用者做得更糟，２７個人中只有７個人把全部四個都判斷對了。

兩組的結果都比隨機猜測的正確率要高，但每組中幾乎有一半人選錯了兩次以上，有兩個人把全部四個都弄錯了。總體來說，（８９）一半的參與測試者在最后一輪測試中與第一輪中表現差不多，因此疲勞或是味覺失靈不是原因。我們的

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口味偏好測試的結果表示，只有很少的百事可樂愛好者與可口可樂愛好者真的可以由口味和價格判斷出他們喜愛的品牌。

８６、根據本文，做這個口味偏好測試是為了________ Ａ）弄清在人們飲用飲料時口味偏好所起的作用 Ｂ）揭示哪一種可樂更受人喜愛 Ｃ）顯示人們對口味的評價僅僅是猜測而已 Ｄ）比較參與測試者選擇自己喜愛飲料的能力

８７、在口味偏好測試中的統計顯示________ Ａ）可口可樂與百事可樂是人們最喜愛的兩種飲料

Ｂ）可口可樂與百事可樂的口味沒有很大差別

Ｃ）很少有人無法區分可口可樂與百事可樂

Ｄ）人們的口味互不相同 ８８、在第一段中暗示_________ Ａ）口味測試的目的是促進可樂的銷售

Ｂ）提高品質是兩家可樂公司最關心的事

Ｃ）兩種可樂的競爭很激烈

Ｄ）要區分品牌愛好者，蒙眼測試是必要的 ８９、“burn out”這個詞（第５段第６行）指的是____的狀態

Ａ）皮膚嚴重燒傷

Ｂ）因為缺乏燃料不能燃燒 Ｃ）被火損傷得很嚴重

Ｄ）因為過度使用而失靈了 ９０、作者寫本文的目的是___________ Ａ）顯示味覺偏好是十分主觀的

Ｂ）提出觀點，即味覺測試是一項重要的市場推廣策略 Ｃ）強調口味與價格兩者密切相關

Ｄ）推薦在可樂品質管理中引入蒙眼測試

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Passage 7 When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’s claim for it , the first step is to present the warranty（保單）,or amy other records which might help, at the store of purchase.In most cases, this action will produce results.However, if it does not ,there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager.In general, the “higher up ” the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster the or she can expect it to be settled.In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s favour, assuming he or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but it they connot get to the place of purchase ,it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question.If this cannot be done , the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong , rather than by making general statements.For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo(立體聲音響)does not work” The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer.If so , the consumer should do this ,stating the complaint as firmly as possible.But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further.She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or organization responsible for protecting consumers’ rights.31.When a con summer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to _ A)complain personally to the manager B)threaten to take the matter to court C)write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase D)show some written proof of the purchase to the store 32.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it’s better to complain to _____ A)a shop assistant B)a store manager C)the manufacturer D)a public organization 33.The most effective complaint can be made by __________ A)showing the faulty item to the manufacturer B)explaining exactly what is wrong with the item C)saying firmly that the item is of poor quality D)asking politely to change the item 34.The phrase “live up to”(Line2 Para.1)in the context means________ A)meet the standard of B)realize the purpose of C)fulfil the demands of D)keep the promise of 35.The passage tells us ______________

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A)how to settle a consumer’s complaint about a faulty item B)how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item C)how to avoid buying a faulty item D)how to deal with complaints from customers

Passage 7 當一名顧客發現（３４）他／她買的物品有毛病，或是在某方面沒有達到制造商所宣稱的那樣時，（３１）他／她要做的第一件事就是去原來的商店，把質量保單或任何可能有用的記錄給他們看。在大多數情況下，這種行動很有效。但縱使它無效，（３５）顧客還是可以用各種方法來使自己得到滿意的處理方式。許多顧客采用一種簡單而普通的方式，即（３２）直接向商店經理抱怨。通常來說，顧客抱怨的對象越“高級別”，他們的問題就可望更快被解決。在這種情況下，通常是顧客一方贏得了勝利，假設他們要求合理的話。

只要有可能，顧客應該當面訴說，但假如他們沒法去買東西的地方，在電話里訴說或是寫信抱怨也是可以接受的。

如果抱怨時既有禮貌而又足夠堅定，那么通常這是最有效力的，特別是當顧客能夠闡明到底物品有什么問題時。如果做不到這一點，（３３）顧客如能具體說明問題所在，也會有最大可能的成功，這比籠統地抱怨要管用。比如說，“左邊的喇叭壓根兒不響，右邊的喇叭的聲音也不清楚”，這種話就比只說“這個立體聲音響不好用”要好。

Passage 7 When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’s claim for it , the first step is to present the warranty（保單）,or amy other records which might help, at the store of purchase.In most cases, this action will produce results.However, if it does not ,there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager.In general, the “higher up ” the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster the or she can expect it to be settled.In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s favour, assuming he or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but it they connot get to the place of purchase ,it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question.If this cannot be done , the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong , rather than by making general statements.For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo(立體聲音響)does not work” The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer.If so , the consumer should do this ,stating the complaint as firmly as possi ble.But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further.She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or

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organization responsible for protecting consumers’ rights.31.When a con summer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to _ A)complain personally to the manager B)threaten to take the matter to court C)write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase D)show some written proof of the purchase to the store 32.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it’s better to complain to _____ A)a shop assistant B)a store manager C)the manufacturer D)a public organization 33.The most effective complaint can be made by __________ A)showing the faulty item to the manufacturer B)explaining exactly what is wrong with the item C)saying firmly that the item is of poor quality D)asking politely to change the item 34.The phrase “live up to”(Line2 Para.1)in the context means________ A)meet the standard of B)realize the purpose of C)fulfil the demands of D)keep the promise of 35.The passage tells us ______________ A)how to settle a consumer’s complaint about a faulty item B)how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item C)how to avoid buying a faulty item D)how to deal with complaints from customers

Passage 7 當一名顧客發現（３４）他／她買的物品有毛病，或是在某方面沒有達到制造商所宣稱的那樣時，（３１）他／她要做的第一件事就是去原來的商店，把質量保單或任何可能有用的記錄給他們看。在大多數情況下，這種行動很有效。但縱使它無效，（３５）顧客還是可以用各種方法來使自己得到滿意的處理方式。許多顧客采用一種簡單而普通的方式，即（３２）直接向商店經理抱怨。通常來說，顧客抱怨的對象越“高級別”，他們的問題就可望更快被解決。在這種情況下，通常是顧客一方贏得了勝利，假設他們要求合理的話。

只要有可能，顧客應該當面訴說，但假如他們沒法去買東西的地方，在電話里訴說或是寫信抱怨也是可以接受的。

如果抱怨時既有禮貌而又足夠堅定，那么通常這是最有效力的，特別是當顧客能夠闡明到底物品有什么問題時。如果做不到這一點，（３３）顧客如能具體說明問題所在，也會有最大可能的成功，這比籠統地抱怨要管用。比如說，“左邊的喇叭壓根兒不響，右邊的喇叭的聲音也不清楚”，這種話就比只說“這個立體聲音響不好用”要好。

商店的經理也許會建議顧客給制造商寫信。如果是這樣的話，顧客應該寫信，盡可能禮貌而且堅定地把問題表達出來。但如果禮貌的抱怨沒有達到預期的效果，免費？宅在家學英語？怎么報名？

顧客就可以進一步行動。他們可以威脅說要把銷售商告到法庭去或是說把銷售商告到某個私立或公立的保護消費者權益的機構去。

３１、當顧客發現他買的東西有毛病時，他應該做的第一件事就是______ A)找經理當面抱怨

B)威脅說要訴諸法庭 C)寫一封堅定的信去購買物品的商店抱怨 D)給商店看一些寫下來的購買憑證

３２、如果顧客想很快地解決他的問題，比較好的方法是向_____抱怨

Ａ）店員

Ｂ）商店經理

Ｃ）制造商

Ｄ）一個公立機構

３３、最有效的抱怨是采用________的方式。

Ａ）把有毛病的物品給制造商看

Ｂ）確切地說明物品的毛病 Ｃ）堅定地說這物質量很差

Ｄ）有禮貌地請求更換物品 ３４、“live up to ”（第一段第２行）這個短語結合上下文，意思是________ Ａ）達到??的標準

Ｂ）意識到??的目的 Ｃ）滿足??的要求

Ｄ）遵守??的諾言 ３５、本文告訴我們_________ Ａ）如何解決顧客就有問題的物品發出的抱怨 Ｂ）如何就有問題的物品進行有效的抱怨 Ｃ）如何避免買到有問題的物品 Ｄ）如何處理顧客的抱怨

“成千上萬人瘋狂下載。。。

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