第一篇：大學(xué)英語四級翻譯練習(xí)一

中國畫

中國畫線條簡單，卻能給人無限的想象空間。所以中國人看畫，事實上是在心里作畫。也許有人會問：中國的山水畫家為什么老是喜歡畫一些簡陋的茅屋，而不畫高大的建筑呢？這是因為中國人覺得物質(zhì)生活是短暫的，人的精神卻是永恒的。一個人如果領(lǐng)悟了天地的遼闊，山水的悠久，他還能不察覺自己的渺小，而變得謙虛嗎？ Chinese painting Chinese painting, though simple in line, inspires a boundless realm of imagination.Therefore, when Chinese people appreciate their painting, they are actually painting in their mind.Some may ask;why do Chinese landscape painters love to paint shabby thatched cottages instead of high buildings? It is because they sense the brevity of physical life but he eternity of the human spirit.If one realizes the boundlessness of heaven and earth and the eternity of mountains and rivers, how could he be otherwise than humble at his own insignificance in the universe?

謙虛

中國人說話總是很客氣，這并不是中國人虛偽，而是他們處世做人的一種基本態(tài)度---謙虛。中國人一向不愿跟別人爭勝，但是自己一定要懷抱著高遠(yuǎn)的理想。如果他說沒有什么菜，意思是說：不管拿出多少好吃的東西來款待你，仍然不能充分表示對你的尊重和歡迎。在中國的山水畫里往往沒有人，就是有，也畫得很小，只能算點綴。這是中國人對大自然的謙虛，他把自己融入風(fēng)景里，而不讓風(fēng)景來陪襯自己。

Chinese people are always humble in conversation.It is not out of deceit, but out of their basic principle for conducting themselves in life: modesty.They don’t often want to contend for the upper hand, but certainly hold lofty ambition within themselves.By saying there is not much to eat, they mean that no matter how much delicious food may be served, it is never enough to show their respect for and hospitability towards you.In Chinese paintings, there are no humans, or if there are any they are merely tiny adornments.It is out of their humility in nature, by blending humans into the scenery instead of highlighting humans above it.燒菜

燒菜是一種藝術(shù)。所以會燒菜的人一定懂得配菜，知道哪幾種菜配在一起，顏色鮮明可愛；哪一種菜要加些什么作料才好吃；燒哪些菜要用快火，哪些菜要用慢火。這些事都不簡單，全靠廚子的技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗；做久了，自然熟能生巧。中國人講究生活的藝術(shù)，如果只有很少的菜錢，他們就特別用些心思，把簡單的食物做得味道鮮美，增加生活的樂趣。Cooking Cooking can be considered an art.A good chef know how to complement material in the dish.He has the knowledge of what ingredients make lovely bright colors, of the spices that make a dish delicious, and of the need for quick heat or slow fire to make dishes taste right.All this is not simple, but is dependent on the technique and experience of the chef, who can only reach perfection after long practice.Chinese people stress the art of living.If they have but little to expend on food, they will pay special attention to the cooking, making delicious dishes out of the simple ingredients that add spice to life.自強(qiáng)不息

中華文明歷來注重自強(qiáng)不息，不斷革故鼎新。“天行健，君子以自強(qiáng)不息。”這是中國的一句千年傳世格言。中華民族之所以能在5000多年的歷史進(jìn)程中發(fā)展壯大，歷經(jīng)挫折而不屈，屢遭坎坷而不餒，靠的就是這樣一種發(fā)瘋圖強(qiáng)、堅忍不拔與時俱進(jìn)的精神。中國人民在克服前進(jìn)道路上的各種困難中表現(xiàn)出來的頑強(qiáng)毅力，正是這種自強(qiáng)不息精神的生動寫照。Self-improvement Chinese civilization has always emphasized unremitting self-improvement, reform and innovation.An ancient Chinese motto has been handed down to generations for thousands of years, i.e., “As Heaven keeps vigorous through movement, a gentleman should unremittingly practice self-improvement.” Throughout its 5,000-year history, it is thanks to perseverance, determination, stamina and innovation that the Chinese nation has grown after surviving numerous setbacks and adversity.Chinese people’s great tenacity in overcoming difficulties on the road to progress gives expression to their traditional spirit of unremitting self-improvement..

第二篇：2016大學(xué)英語四級 翻譯練習(xí)

世界貿(mào)易組織成立于1995年1月1日，目的是確保一個穩(wěn)定的全球和貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境。在當(dāng)今世界上的190多個國家中，世界貿(mào)易組織的成員國(member country)有158個。在處理國家之間的貿(mào)易規(guī)則方面，世界貿(mào)易組織是唯一的全球性國際組織。世貿(mào)組織的事務(wù)應(yīng)該引起我們的關(guān)注，因為世貿(mào)組織制定的規(guī)則對我們國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)和國民生活都有一定的影響。The WTO(World Trade Organization),established on January 1, 1995, aims to ensure a stable trade and economic world environment.The WTO is an association of 158 member countries, of more than 190 countries in the world today.The WTO is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.The business of the WTO should be of interest to us because the rules that are being decided therein have an impact on our national economy, and peoples lives.2 奧運(yùn)會是國際性的體育盛會(sporting events)，體育項目種類繁多，分為夏冬兩季，均是每4年舉辦一次。最初有記載的奧運(yùn)會于公元前776年在希臘的奧林匹亞(Olympia)舉行。奧運(yùn)會是最大的媒體活動之一。2000年悉尼奧運(yùn)會上，有超過1.6萬名播音員和新聞記者參與報道。據(jù)估計，有38億觀眾通過電視收看了此屆盛會。然而，奧運(yùn)會的發(fā)展也是奧運(yùn)會面臨的一個大問題。

The Olympic Games are an international multisport event subdivided into summer and winter sporting events.The summer and winter games are each held every four years.The original Olympic Games were first recorded in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece.The Olympics are one of the largest media events.In Sydney in 2000 there were more than 16 000 broadcasters and journalists, and an estimated 3.8 billion viewers watched the games on television.However, the development of the Olympics is one of the largest problems the Olympics face today.3 《三國演義》由羅貫中創(chuàng)作于14世紀(jì)，是一部中國歷史題材小說。小說以漢朝末年和三國時期的歷史演變?yōu)楸尘埃瑪⑹隽嗽谶@個動蕩(turbulent)時期發(fā)生的一系列重大事情。整個故事情節(jié)從公元168年開始一直到公元280年領(lǐng)土統(tǒng)一(reunification)時結(jié)束。小說篇幅長達(dá)80萬字，分為120個章節(jié)，共描述了1 191個人物角色，堪稱中國文學(xué)史上四大經(jīng)典小說之一。

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era, starting in AD 168 and ending with the reunification of the land in AD 280.It is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, with a grand total of 800 000 words, 1 191 characters, and 120 chapters.4 秧歌舞(Yangko)是中國漢族的一種傳統(tǒng)民間舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝(costume)，他們的表演動作有力而迅速。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼(gong)鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會蜂擁到街上觀看秧歌舞表演。近年來，中國東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了秧歌隊，隊員常年通過跳秧歌舞來保持健康，同時他們也樂在其中。The Yangko dance is a traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northern provinces.Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and their movements are vigorous and quick.During holidays such as lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongs they swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter how cold it is outside.In recent years, elderly people in some cities in Northeast China have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancers mostly enjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.5 中國人喜歡在一起吃飯，這個傳統(tǒng)可以追溯到很久之前。這反映出中國人喜歡團(tuán)圓、不愿分離的觀念——圓桌、圓盤、圓碗都象征著團(tuán)圓和美滿。盤子通常放在桌子的中央,這樣坐在桌子面前的所有人都可以吃得到。一鍋熱湯尤其可以增加和諧、團(tuán)圓的氣氛。朋友們也喜歡在一起吃飯、生活。最近一位美國漢學(xué)家(Sinologist)的著作認(rèn)為，中國人的集體觀念(collective tradition)就是從一同吃飯發(fā)展而來的。

Chinese like to eat together, which is a tradition that can be traced back a long time ago.It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division—round tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection.Dishes are usually placed at the center of the table so that everyone around the table can share them.A hot pot, in particular, adds to the atmosphere of harmony and union.Friends also like to eat and live together.A recent book by an American Sinologist held that the Chinese collective tradition developed out of the practice of eating together.6 川劇(Sichuan Opera)就像四川火鍋以及其他的名菜一樣動人、豐富。變臉(Face Changing)是川劇中的一大亮點。據(jù)說古人在他們的臉上作畫，[JP2]以便趕走野生動物。川劇吸收了這一古老的技藝并將其升華為一門藝術(shù)。變臉是一門神奇的藝術(shù)。演員在不到20秒的時間內(nèi)要換十多次臉譜。通過舉手、擺袖或搖頭，演員使用不同的臉譜來表現(xiàn)不同的情緒，并通過看得見摸得著的臉譜表達(dá)出看不見摸不著的感情。

Sichuan Opera(Chuan Ju), like hotpot and other famous Sichuan dishes, is exciting and rich.Face Changing is the highlight of Sichuan Opera.It is said that ancient people painted their faces to drive away wild animals.Sichuan Opera absorbs this ancient skill and perfects it into an art.Face Changing is a magical art.Actors change more than 10 masks in less than 20 seconds.By raising the hand, swinging a sleeve or tossing the head, an actor uses different masks to show different emotions, expressing invisible and intangible feelings through visible and tangible masks.7 長城作為世界上最偉大的奇觀之一，是古代中國在不同時期為抵御北方游牧民族（nomadic tribe）侵襲而修筑的規(guī)模浩大的軍事工程的統(tǒng)稱。如同巨龍一般，長城自東向西綿延8 800多公里。距今已有2 000多年歷史的萬里長城很多地方已經(jīng)變成了廢墟，但是它仍然是世界上最具吸引力的地方。1987年，長城被聯(lián)合國教科文組織（UNESCO）列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders in the world, is the general name of a series of largescale military constructions during different periods in ancient China, hoped for the defense against the invasion of nomadic tribes from the north.Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall stretches over 8 800 kilometers from east to west of China.With a history of more than 2 000 years, many sections of the Great Wall have been in ruins now.However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all around the world.In 1987, the Great Wall was listed as a World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.8 光棍節(jié)，又稱“雙十一”，最初是由大學(xué)生發(fā)起的單身人士的情人節(jié)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)從最初的慶祝單身變成了中國人的一個網(wǎng)購狂歡節(jié)。過去六年里，中國的電商（ecommerce）巨頭們開始利用這一商機(jī)，通過打折促銷吸引顧客，提高銷售收入。天貓(Tmall.com)雙十一一天的銷售額從2009年的5 000萬飆升至2013年的350億。郵政部門（the State Post Bureau）表示由于準(zhǔn)備充分，盡管訂單增加，快遞業(yè)務(wù)仍然運(yùn)行正常。

Singles Day, also named the Double 11 Day, which originated with college students as an alternative to Valentines Day for single people, now has transformed its original function as a day of celebration for the great unloved into a day of crazy online shopping for the Chinese people.Over the past six years, Singles Day has been taken advantage of by Chinese ecommerce giants by offering discounts and launching sales campaigns on that day to attract customers and boost sales income.Sales at Tmall.com on Singles Day have snowballed from 50 million yuan in 2009 to 35 billion yuan in 2013.The State Post Bureau said that thanks to adequate preparation, express deliveries were running on schedule despite the increase in orders.9 對于中國人來說，“面子”十分重要，它指的是一個人根源于自尊的名譽(yù)觀。大部分中國人都認(rèn)為，有面子是最重要的事情之一，丟面子則會帶來巨大的痛苦。因此，人們必須了解并遵守面子規(guī)則，如果違反就會受到嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。然而，有時候一個人丟面子不僅僅是因為他們的行為不符合社會的要求，還可能是由于別人的行為沒有符合他個人的期待。

Face is immensely important for the Chinese.It can be defined as a notion of ones reputation rooted in selfesteem.Most of the Chinese people believe that to have face is one of the most valued things, while to lose face is a cause of great anguish.Thus, people are expected to know and abide by the rules of face and are penalized harshly if they break them.However, sometimes a person could lose face not only because of his failure to match up to societys obligations on him, but also from the failure of others to act in accordance with his expectations of them.武術(shù)在我國源遠(yuǎn)流長，是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的瑰寶(gem)。我們知道，一個民族的優(yōu)秀文化遺產(chǎn)不僅僅屬于一個民族，它會逐漸傳播到世界的其他地方而成為人類的共同財富。為了更好地推廣武術(shù)，使其與奧運(yùn)項目接軌，中國武協(xié)和國際武聯(lián)(the Chinese Wushu Association and the International Wushu Federation)做了艱苦卓絕的工作。現(xiàn)在武術(shù)已被列為一種與保齡球(bowling)和國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)舞(international standard dance)有同等地位的奧運(yùn)表演項目。

With a long history in China, wushu is a gem of Chinese traditional culture.As we all know, the excellent cultural heritage of a nation doesnt belong to the nation alone but will be spread to the rest of the world gradually to be shared by all humanity.The Chinese Wushu Association and the International Wushu Federation have been working very hard to popularize wushu and move it closer to the Olympic events.Now, wushu has been accepted as an Olympic demonstration event with the same status as bowling and international standard dance.11 旗袍(Qipao)是中國獨特的傳統(tǒng)服飾。旗袍原本是滿族(Manchu)婦女的服裝，穿在身上非常寬松，直上直下，中間沒有腰線。后來一些漢族的女性對這種服飾進(jìn)行了改造，使它更加合身、性感。20世紀(jì)20年代，旗袍在上海的女學(xué)生中變得非常流行。旗袍一般是由絲綢制成，領(lǐng)口、袖口和腋襟上都繡有精細(xì)的花邊。旗袍體現(xiàn)了中國女性的端莊、溫柔和美麗。

Qipao is a unique kind of traditional Chinese attire.Originally worn by Manchu women, Qipao fitted loosely and hung straight down the body with no waistlines.And then some Han Chinese ladies carried out some improvements on the design, making it more fitting and sexier.When it came to the 1920s, Qipao became very popular among the girl students in Shanghai.Qipao is usually made of silk, and embroidered with delicate laces at the neckline, cuffs and edges.Qipao embodies Chinese womens modesty, softness and beauty.中國石窟(grotto)主要反映的是佛教文化藝術(shù)。敦煌莫高窟、大同云岡石窟、洛陽龍門石窟、天水麥積山石窟，號稱中國四大石窟藝術(shù)景觀。佛教石窟隨山雕鑿、彩繪，形象生動自然，將崇高美(sublimity)與世俗情(secular feeling)融為一體，把天然造化與人工創(chuàng)造有機(jī)結(jié)合，是由建筑、繪畫、雕塑等組成的博大精深、絢麗奪目的綜合藝術(shù)殿堂。其藝術(shù)成就為世界所矚目，已成為重要的世界文化遺產(chǎn)。

Chinese grottoes mainly reflect the art of Buddhist culture.In China, there are four major art landscapes of grottoes: the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang, the Yungang Grottoes at Datong, the Longmen Grottoes at Luoyang, and the Maijishan Grottoes at Tianshui.Carved and painted on mountains, the Buddhist grottoes mingle both sublimity and secular feelings together, presenting us a vivid and natural appearance.They embody the systematic combination of both the exceptional artistry of great nature and the extremely fine craftsmanship of mankind.The Chinese Buddhist grottoes are regarded as a profound and stunning general art gallery, displaying the art of architecture, painting, sculptures and etc.The artistic achievements of Chinese grottoes have attracted the attention of the world, and have become an important international cultural heritage.13 中國古典文學(xué)包括詩歌、散文、小說及詞(ci)、賦(fu)、曲(qu)等多種文體，藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)手法豐富各異。小說歷史悠久，并在明清時期達(dá)到巔峰。小說中的《三國演義》《水滸傳》《西游記》《紅樓夢》被稱為中國四大古典文學(xué)名著，至今在國內(nèi)外都有著廣泛而深遠(yuǎn)的影響。研讀四大名著能夠了解中國傳統(tǒng)人文社會、民俗，是汲取古代文明精粹、處世為人策略與智慧的重要途徑。

Chinese classical literature includes poetry, prose, fiction, and ci(new lyrics written to preexisting tunes), fu(“descriptive poems” of prosepoetry), qu(a freer form based on the new popular songs and dramatic arias), and many other styles.Its artistic expressions are various in techniques.Chinese fiction has a long history, reaching its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Four classics of Chinese literature are Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Pilgrimage to the West, and A Dream of Red Mansions, which have extensive and farreaching significance both on a national and international level.Through reading “the four famous novels” carefully, you can understand traditional Chinese society and human culture, and its folklore.And it is an important way to absorb the quintessence of ancient culture as well as to pick up strategies and wisdom on how to get along with others.14 泰山(Mount Tai)位于山東中部，占地426平方千米，最高峰“玉皇頂(the Jade Emperor Peak)”海拔約1 545米。泰山以恢宏的自然景觀著稱于世，山上點綴著寺廟、石碑和石刻(stone inscription)。身為中國五大名山之首，泰山備受佛教(Buddhism)和道教(Taoism)的推崇。中國的很多皇帝都曾到泰山敬拜天地。傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為泰山是每天太陽最先升起的地方。因此為了到泰山之巔看日出，成千上萬的人午夜就開始攀登泰山。

Located in central Shandong Province, Mount Tai covers 426 square kilometers with its highest peak, the Jade Emperor Peak, reaching about 1 545 meters above sea level.Mount Tai earns a reputation for its imposing natural scenery festooned with a chain of temples, stone tablets and stone inscriptions.As the first of the “Five Great Mountains” in China, Mount Tai is revered both in Buddhism and Taoism.Many emperors in China visited it to hold the Heaven Worship ceremony.Traditional belief maintains that each day begins with the sun rising at Mount Tai, thus thousands of sun worshipers climbed it from as early as midnight in order to appreciate sunrise at its peak.中國古代四大藝術(shù)中的“畫”特指國畫。其繪畫形式是用毛筆蘸墨、顏料作畫于絹或宣紙之上，古代稱之為水墨丹青(inkpainting)。為區(qū)別于西方的油畫而稱之為中國畫，簡稱“國畫”。其題材有人物、山水、花鳥等。技法可分為工筆(fine brushwork)和寫意(freehand brushwork)。國畫的藝術(shù)特質(zhì)在于“筆墨”，強(qiáng)調(diào)以形寫神，畫盡意在。國畫在藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作上反映了中華民族的審美意識和情趣。

Painting in the four art forms in ancient China particularly refers to traditional Chinese painting.Traditional Chinese painting is done with a brush dipped into black or colored ink and is painted on spun silk or xuan paper.In ancient China, it was called inkpainting.In order to distinguish it from Western oilpaintings, the Chinese people term their works “Chinese painting”, short for traditional Chinese painting.The subject matters of Chinese paintings are typically figures, landscapes, birds and flowers.The drawing skills and techniques employed by the Chinese painters can be divided into two forms: fine brushwork and freehand brushwork.The artistic characteristics of Chinese painting lie in “the writing brush and ink”.Chinese painting emphasizes using the shape to convey the feelings of the painter.Even though a painting is a finished product, it endlessly conveys a meaning.In terms of the artistic creation, Chinese painting is a reflection of the aesthetic consciousness and artistic sentiment of the Chinese people.16 瓷器(porcelain)是中國最為重要的手工藝品之一。中國瓷器有3 500多年的歷史，明清時期尤其繁榮。瓷器不僅可以用作日常餐具(dinnerware)、花瓶等，精美的瓷器更是常常被人們用來裝飾家居。作為高檔藝術(shù)品的象征，真品瓷器常常具有極高的藝術(shù)價值和經(jīng)濟(jì)價值，因此，常被很多人視為珍藏品。中國瓷器受到各國人民的歡迎，經(jīng)常被用作表達(dá)中外友誼的禮物。Porcelains are one of Chinas most important handicrafts.Chinese porcelains have a history of more than 3 500 years, their most prosperous period being Ming and Qing Dynasties.Porcelains can be used as daily dinnerware and vases, and delicate porcelains are even commonly used for home decorations by people.As the symbols of highend works of art, authentic porcelains are often of extremely high artistic and economic value and therefore they are often regarded as precious collections by many people.Chinese porcelains are popular with people around the world, and they are often used as presents for expressing friendship between Chinese and foreign people.17 酒是中國人生活中的重要飲品之一。中國制酒源遠(yuǎn)流長，享譽(yù)中外。在中國最具有代表性的酒莫過于白酒(liquor)了，從某種角度上來說，中國的酒文化就是白酒文化。酒在中國人眼里更多的是一種交際的工具。酒在中國人生活中占有重要的位置，滲透于(permeate)整個中華五千年的文明史中，包括文學(xué)創(chuàng)作、娛樂、烹飪、養(yǎng)生保健等各方面。

Alcohol is one of the important drinks in Chinese peoples life.Chinese alcoholmaking has a long history and has been renowned at home and abroad.In China, no alcohol is more representative than Chinese liquor and at some point, Chinese alcohol culture is Chinese liquor culture.Alcohol is more of a communication tool in Chinese peoples eyes.Alcohol has permeated 5 000 years civilization of the whole Chinese history, which plays an important role in every aspect of Chinese peoples life, from literary creation and entertainment to cooking and health preservation.18 11月11日由四個1構(gòu)成，因此每年此日就是光棍節(jié)(Singles Day)。20世紀(jì)90年代，南京眾多大學(xué)首先開始慶祝光棍節(jié)。正如其名，這個新節(jié)日是專門為單身人士設(shè)立的。近年來，中國成為世界上互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶最多的國家，而單身人士是網(wǎng)購的主力軍(main force)，許多電子商務(wù)平臺(platform)就在光棍節(jié)當(dāng)天開展促銷活動以吸引中國不計其數(shù)的單身人士前來購物。目前，光棍節(jié)已成為中國人瘋狂網(wǎng)購的日子。

Singles Day falls on every November 11th because the date is comprised of four “ones”.It was initially celebrated at many universities in Nanjing during the 1990s.As the name indicates, this new holiday is one exclusively for people who are still living a single life.In recent years, as China has become a country with the worlds biggest population of Internet users and the single people are the main force of Chinas online spending power, many ecommerce platforms launch promotion campaigns on the day in order to attract countless single people around China to their websites.Singles Day has become a day of crazy online shopping among the Chinese now.19 隨著城市化(urbanization)進(jìn)程的加快，越來越多的農(nóng)民工(migrant worker)在城市里安頓下來。他們把子女接到城里來，希望孩子能接受到更好的教育。然而，這些農(nóng)民工發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實并不像他們預(yù)期的那么美好。城市公立學(xué)校的設(shè)施和師資遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足大批農(nóng)民工子女的需求。幸運(yùn)的是，農(nóng)民工子女的教育已成為政府議事日程上優(yōu)先處理的問題。

With the acceleration of urbanization, an increasing number of migrant workers settle down in the cities.They bring their children along with them to the cities, with the hope of their children receiving better education.However, the migrants find the reality is not as promising as theyve expected.The facilities and faculties in the urban public schools are far from enough to meet the needs of the big group of migrant children.Luckily, the education problem of the migrant children has become a priority on the governments agenda.20 杭州市擁有世界上最大的公用自行車系統(tǒng)(bike sharing system)。目前杭州市共有2 700個公用自行車租賃站點，共計66 500輛車。計劃至2020年，公共自行車的數(shù)量將增至175 000輛。租用自行車需要智能卡(smart card)，可在任意站點租車、在任意站點還車。租車騎行1小時內(nèi)免費(fèi)，1小時以上則按每小時1元收費(fèi)。公用自行車系統(tǒng)對緩解杭州市的交通擁堵(congestion)起到了很大的作用。

With 66 500 bikes in 2 700 renting stations in the city now, Hangzhou owns the largest bike sharing system in the world.It plans to increase to 175 000 bikes by 2020.For renting a bike, one needs a smart card.One can rent a bike and return it at any station.Bike users can ride for free for the first hour and pay 1 yuan per hour for the extra time.The system is of great help to relieve the traffic congestion in Hangzhou city.

第三篇：英語四級段落翻譯練習(xí)(一)

段落翻譯

一、對龍圖騰的崇拜在中國大約已綿延了八千多年。中國龍是古人將魚、蛇、馬、牛等動物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。中國龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過程同步。在中國人的心目中，龍具有振奮騰飛、開拓變化的寓意和團(tuán)結(jié)凝聚的精神。

二、秧歌舞是中國漢族的一種民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動作有力迅速。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會蜂擁到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年來，中國東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了了秧歌隊，隊員常年通過跳秧歌舞來保持健康，同事他們也樂在其中。

三、長城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國卻沒去過長城，就想到了巴黎沒有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說：“不到長城非好漢。”實際上，長城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國后才將其連城長城。然而，今天我們看到的長城——東起山海關(guān)，西至嘉峪關(guān)——大部分都是在明代修建的。

四、餃子是深受中國人民喜愛的傳統(tǒng)食品。相傳為古代醫(yī)圣張仲景發(fā)明。餃子的制作是包括： 1）搟皮、2）備餡、3）包餡水煮三個步驟。其特點是皮薄餡嫩，味道鮮美，形狀獨特，百食不厭。民間有“好吃不過餃子”的俗語。中國人接親待客、逢年過節(jié)都有包餃子吃的習(xí)俗，寓意吉利。對崇尚親情的中國人來說，“更歲交子”吃餃子，更是歡度除夕、辭舊迎新必不可少的內(nèi)容。

五、針灸是中醫(yī)學(xué)的重要組成部分。按照中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò)理論，針灸療法主要是通過疏通經(jīng)絡(luò)、調(diào)和氣血，來達(dá)到陰陽歸于平衡，使臟腑趨于調(diào)和之目的。其特點是“內(nèi)病外治”。主要療法是用針刺入病人身體的一定穴位，或用艾火的溫?zé)岽碳撇∪说难ㄎ唬赃_(dá)到刺激經(jīng)絡(luò)。治療病痛的目的。針灸以其獨特的優(yōu)勢，流傳至今并傳播到了世界，與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽(yù)為中國的“新四大國粹”。

六、中國功夫即中國武術(shù)，是將技擊寓于搏斗和套路運(yùn)動之中的中國傳統(tǒng)體育項目，承載著豐富的中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說，同時兼容了道家、釋家的思想。中國武術(shù)源遠(yuǎn)流長、流派林立、拳種繁多，講究剛?cè)岵?jì)、內(nèi)外兼修，蘊(yùn)含著先哲們對生命和宇宙的參悟。后世所稱十八般武藝，主要指：徒手拳藝，如太極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀槍劍戟、斧鉞鉤叉等。

七、漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡單圖畫，經(jīng)過不斷演變發(fā)展最終成為一種兼具音、形、意韻的獨特文字。現(xiàn)存中國古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形。此后，漢字又經(jīng)歷了金文、隸書、楷書、草書、行書等不同的階段。漢字結(jié)構(gòu)“外圓內(nèi)方“，源于古人”天圓地方“的觀念。漢字有五種基本筆畫，即：橫、豎、撇、捺、折。

八、中國人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨樹一幟。有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年。筷子古時稱為箸，它看似簡單，但卻同時具有夾、撥、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多種功能。中國民間視筷子為吉祥之物，如婚俗中將筷子隱喻為快生貴子的祝福等。與使用刀叉以及手抓的 方式不同，成雙結(jié)對的筷子含有“和為貴“的意蘊(yùn)。西方人贊譽(yù)筷子是古老的東方文明。

九、印章就是圖章。中國歷代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱記、合同、符、契等等不同的稱謂，而帝王所用的印章古時稱璽、印、寶、章等。據(jù)史料記載，印章在戰(zhàn)國時代已普遍使用。印章的制作是將篆隸等字體、圖像用陰、陽的形式雕刻而成，形狀以圓、方為主。印章用朱色

鈐蓋，除日常應(yīng)用外，又多用于書畫題識，逐漸成為中國特有的藝術(shù)形式之一。

十、天干地支是中國歷法中用以記錄和命名年歲的方法。十天干為：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支為：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人觀測朔望月，發(fā)現(xiàn)月亮圓缺12次大體上是一年的天數(shù)，而兩個朔望月約是60天。古人以十天干與十二地支的順序依次相配，記錄不同年份，60年為一個輪回。干支紀(jì)年法從古沿用至今。按干支紀(jì)年法，2011年便是辛卯年。C

十一、京劇被譽(yù)為“東方歌劇”，是地道的中國國粹。它起源于中國多種古老的地方戲劇，特別是南方的“徽班”。到了19世紀(jì)末，京劇形成并成為中國最大的戲曲劇種。京劇是綜合性表演藝術(shù)，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）為一體，通過程式化的表演手段，敘述故事，刻畫人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、凈（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行當(dāng)。

十二、道教是中國土生土長長的宗教。創(chuàng)始人是春秋末期的哲學(xué)家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德經(jīng)》為主要經(jīng)典。道教主張“重人貴生”。崇尚清靜無為，修身養(yǎng)性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。無名天地之始；有名萬物之母。故常無，欲以觀其妙；常有，欲以觀其徼”便是老子的至理名言。

十三、中國成語是漢語中意義完整的表示一般概念的固定詞組或短語。“成語”中的“成”既是約定俗成。成語是比詞大而語法功能又相當(dāng)于詞的語言單位。絕大多數(shù)的中國成語由四個漢字組成，例如：自強(qiáng)不息、青出于藍(lán)、厚積薄發(fā)。成語主要從民間諺語、古代文學(xué)作品、詩歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提煉而成，是漢語語言中精煉而又富有生命力的一部分。

十四、中國是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)。栽桑、養(yǎng)蠶、繅絲、織綢是中國古代人民的偉大發(fā)明。商周時期絲綢的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)就已發(fā)展到相當(dāng)高的水平。西漢時張騫通西域，把中原與波斯灣、地中海緊密聯(lián)系起來，開辟了中外交流貿(mào)易的新紀(jì)元。從此中國的絲綢以其卓越的品質(zhì)、精美的花色和豐富的文化內(nèi)涵聞名于世，成為中國文化的象征。東方文明的使者。

十五、中國園林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等與自然地貌有機(jī)結(jié)合的環(huán)境藝術(shù)，是我國古代建筑藝術(shù)的珍寶。其建造原則是“妙極自然，宛自天開”。游賞中國古典園林，能充分領(lǐng)略“假自然之景，創(chuàng)山水真趣”的園林意境。在世界三大園林體系中，中國園林歷史悠久、內(nèi)涵豐富，被譽(yù)為世界造園史上的淵源之一。

十六、筆墨紙硯是中國古代文人書房當(dāng)中必備的寶貝，被稱為“文房四寶”。用筆墨書寫繪畫在中國可追溯到五千年前。秦時已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制筆；漢代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了紙張以后，簡牘錦帛逐失其用；硯臺則隨筆墨的使用而發(fā)展。“文房四寶”到宋朝以后特指湖筆、徽墨、宣紙、端硯。可以說文房四寶書寫了整個中華文明。

十七、中國書法（calligraphy），像中國漢字一樣，最初見于殷商時期（Yin or Shang Dynasty）。書法不是像寫字那樣僅僅是為了達(dá)到社會交流的目的，而是一種用來表達(dá)作者思想，抱負(fù)以及自身感情的藝術(shù)。作為中國上乘藝術(shù)世界特有的一個構(gòu)件，書法也是外國友人津津樂道或者掌握的最富挑戰(zhàn)性的藝術(shù)形式之一。學(xué)習(xí)中國書法，必須對中國文字的起源有所了解。書法這門藝術(shù)包含了很多理論，也需要很多技巧，能夠達(dá)到書法藝術(shù)最高境界的書法家并無幾人。十八、十二生肖（animal sign）在中國非常流行。十二屬相是一個用來紀(jì)年的十二年的循環(huán)（cycle）。長期以來，人們與十二生肖之間有著特別的關(guān)系。許多藝術(shù)形式都取材于十二生肖。屬相有其特別的文化內(nèi)涵，如屬鼠的人往往聰明，懂得積累財富。屬相還有助于在社交活動中得知別人的年齡。為了避免直接問及一個人的年齡，人們通常問他的屬相，這就可以確定他在十二生肖的排位。然而通常問屬相只是在朋友和熟人之間弄明白誰的年齡更大。

十九、農(nóng)歷正月十五日的元宵節(jié)（Lantern Festival）是中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。自漢代（Han Dynasty）起中國人就開始慶祝元宵節(jié)了。如今元宵節(jié)已經(jīng)成為一個人們娛樂消遣的節(jié)日。節(jié)日期間，各地舉行各式各樣的燈節(jié)，街上會掛起形狀不同、大小各異的燈籠，引得無數(shù)游人駐足。另外還舉行猜燈謎、敲年鼓、耍龍燈、趕廟會等其他娛樂活動。元宵節(jié)另一個重要組成部分是吃元宵（也稱湯圓），很顯然它們是因為元宵節(jié)而得名的。

二十、師父/師傅是用來指大師或老師。通常用于武術(shù)（martial arts）的語境，表示一種教導(dǎo)關(guān)系。在中國大陸，師父/師傅是用來對需要知識或技術(shù)的各行各業(yè)的一種常見的尊稱，例如教師、司機(jī)、廚師、家庭裝飾人員以及某些行業(yè)和藝術(shù)中的一些長者，而且他們都有豐富的經(jīng)驗，例如繪畫與書法（calligraphy）。在現(xiàn)代俚語（slang）中，人們用這個詞來加強(qiáng)與其他人的關(guān)系，尤其是不太熟悉的人。

二十一、舞龍（dragon dance）是中國文化中一種傳統(tǒng)的舞蹈與表演形式。舞龍最多出現(xiàn)于節(jié)日慶祝中，這與舞獅相似。在舞龍中，一隊人用竿舉著龍。傳統(tǒng)的龍在表演中的動作象征著它的歷史角色，即對力量和威嚴(yán)的表現(xiàn)。龍深深地扎根于中國文化之中，中國人經(jīng)常認(rèn)為自己是“龍的傳人”并將其作為民族身份的象征。東方和西方都存在著龍的文化。在西方的許多文學(xué)作品中都可以找到龍，而且這些龍與中國龍存在著巨大的差異。

二十二、放鞭炮（firecrackers）是春節(jié)慶祝時最盛行的習(xí)俗之一。在宋朝，人們用火藥制作鞭炮，代替以前的爆竹。最初，放鞭炮是為了驅(qū)趕邪惡，尋求幸福。現(xiàn)在放鞭炮驅(qū)趕邪惡的用意逐漸淡化，更多的是為了增加節(jié)日的氣氛。由于燃放煙花爆竹會引起火災(zāi)和造成人身傷害，所以近來各地方市區(qū)都有規(guī)定禁止燃放煙花爆竹。盡管有禁止燃放煙花爆竹的規(guī)定，但很多市民還是會到鄉(xiāng)村、郊區(qū)放煙花來慶祝新年。

一、Chinese Dragon

Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years.The ancients in China considered the dragon(or loong)a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena.The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation.To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.二、Yangko Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces.The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid.During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko.Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.三、The Great Wall

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings!If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower;or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids!Men often say, “He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.”In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the “Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty.However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.四、Dumplings

Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes.According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing.There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1)make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour;2)prepare the dumpling stuffing;3)make dumplings and boil them.With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times.There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”.During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings.To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.五、Acupuncture

Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs.It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”.The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain.With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world.Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu(otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”

六、Chinese Kung Fu

Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance.It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks.The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi”(otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit).Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism.Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training.It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe.The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing(Taijiquan), form and will boxing(Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm(Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.七、Chinese Characters

Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things.After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time.The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters.Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc.Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth.The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---“(the horizontal stroke)“│”(the vertical stroke), “／”(the left-falling stroke), “＼”(the right-falling stroke), and “乙”(the turning stroke).八、Chinese Chopsticks

The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world.The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago.Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese.They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on.Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China.For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon.Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”.Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.九、Chinese Seal

A seal can also be defined as a stamp.Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others.The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc.According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period(475BC-221BC).The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on;or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square.Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies.It is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks.十、Chinese Era

The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years.The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui.The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai.After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn.In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle.The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now.according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.十一、Beijing Opera

Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China.It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China.At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China.Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts---song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance.Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting.The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan(young female), jing(painted face, male), and chou(clown, male or female).十二、Chinese Taoism

Taoism first originated in China.The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period(770BC-476BC).Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic.Taoism advocates the value of a human being’s life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from one’s mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature.The following is an example of Laozi’s golden saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way;The names that can be named are not unvarying names.It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang;The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind.Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences;He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.十三、Chinese Idioms

Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions.Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice.An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word.Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters.For example, ziqiangbuxi(make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa(success comes with time and effort).Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings.Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.十四、Chinese silk

China is the home of silk.Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese.As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties(1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level.During the Western Han Dynasty(206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication.From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations.Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.十五、Chinese Classical Garden

The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture.It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape.The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.十六、The Four Treasures of the Study

The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago.In the Qin Dynasty(221BC---206BC), people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes.During the Han Dynasty(206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink.After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out.The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink.After the Song Dynasty(960AD---1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province;huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, Anhui province;xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province;and duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province(Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou).Indeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have writtin the whole Chinese civilization, as it is.十七、Chinese Calligraphy Chinese Calligraphy, like character, first appeared during the Yin or Shang Dynasty.Calligraphy, unlike writing for the sole purpose of social communication, is an art used to express the ideas, accomplishments, and feelings of the calligrapher.Calligraphy is a special category in China’s world of fine arts and one of the most challenging Chinese art forms for a foreigner to appreciate or master.Studying Chinese calligraphy one must learn something about the origins of Chinese characters.Calligraphy is an art of form that involves a great deal of theory and requires many skills;consequently there are few calligraphers that have reached the highest realm of calligraphy.十八、Animal Sign The 12 animal signs are very popular in China.The Chinese animal signs are a 12-year cycle used for dating the years.For a long time there has been a special relationship between humans and the 12 animal signs.The 12 animal signs are widely used in many art forms.These animal signs have specific cultural connotations.For example, people under the rat sign are usually smart and willing to accumulate wealth.The animal signs also serve a useful social function for finding out people’s ages.Instead of asking directly how old a person is, people often ask what his or her animal sign is.This would place that person’s age within a cycle of 12 years.More often, asking for animal signs is simply to know who is older among friends and acquaintances.十九、The Lantern Festival The Lantern Festival is a traditional festival celebrated by Chinese on the 15th of the 1st lunar month.Chinese started to celebrate the Lantern Festival since the Han Dynasty.Nowadays the Lantern Festival has become an occasion for people to entertain themselves and have fun.During the Lantern Festival, different lantern appreciation activities are held, lanterns of various shapes and sizes are hung in the streets, attracting countless visitors.Other entertainments such as guessing riddles on lanterns, beating drums, playing dragon lanterns and going to fairs are also held.Another important part of the Lantern Festival is eating small dumpling balls, yuanxiao or tangyuan.Obviously, they get the name from the festival itself.

第四篇：大學(xué)英語四級詞匯練習(xí)一

大學(xué)英語四級詞匯練習(xí)一

1.In the Mediterranean seaweed is so abundant and so easily harvested that it is never of great ________.A)fareB)paymentC)worthD)expense

2.The writer was so ________ in her work that she didn’t notice him enter the room.A)absorbedB)abandonedC)focusedD)centered

3.Actually, information technology can ________ the gap between the poor and the rich.A)linkB)breakC)allyD)bridge

4.Some research workers completely ________ all those facts as though they never existed.A)ignoreB)leaveC)refuseD)miss

5.Computer power now allows automatic searches of fingerprint files to match a print at a crime ________.A)stageB)sceneC)locationD)occasion

6.The most basic reason why dialects should be preserved is that language helps to ________ a culture.A)retainB)relateC)remarkD)review

7.Companies are struggling to find the right ________ between supply and demand, but it is no easy task.A)equationB)formulaC)balanceD)pattern

8.Mass advertising helped to ________ the emphasis from the production of goods to their consumption.A)varyB)shiftC)layD)moderate

9.Because of his excellent administration, people lived in peace and ________and all previously neglected matters were taken care of.A)convictionB)contestC)consentD)content

10.I know you’ve got a smooth tongue, so don’t talk me ________ buying it.A)awayB)downC)outD)into

第一題：

fare: n.(交通工具的)票價,車(船)費(fèi)

payment: n.支付,付款

worth: n.價值,財產(chǎn);a.值,值得

expense: n.花費(fèi)，(pl.)費(fèi)用

第二題：

absorb: v.吸收,并吞,全神貫注

abandon: v.放棄,沉溺

focus: v.(使)聚焦，(使)集中；n.焦點，(注意力、活動、興趣等的)中心

center: n.中心,中心點a.中央的v.使集中,集中

第三題：

link: n.環(huán)，節(jié)，聯(lián)系；vi.連接，聯(lián)系

break: vt.打破，破碎，中斷，中止，違反(法律、規(guī)定等)；vi.破，斷裂；n.中斷，間歇 ally: n.盟友,同盟國;v.聯(lián)盟,聯(lián)合,與...有關(guān)系

bridge: n.橋 v.架橋于;把...連結(jié)(或彌合)起來;使渡過

第四題：

ignore: v.不理睬,忽視;

leave: n.許可,告別,請假;v.離開,出發(fā),留下

refuse: v.拒絕，謝絕

miss: n.過錯,避免,失敗vt.未得到,未達(dá)到,未聽到,未覺察,逃脫,遺漏,錯過

第五題：

stage: n.階段,舞臺,場所,戲劇,站,驛站,級,層,腳手架vt.上演,表演

scene: n.場,景,情景,鏡頭,發(fā)生地點,道具,布景,景色

location: n.位置,場所,特定區(qū)域;

occasion: n.場合,時機(jī),機(jī)會,誘因,理由vt.致使,惹起,引起

第六題：

retain: vt.保持，保留

relate: v.講,敘述,有關(guān)系

remark: n.評論，意見，注意；vt.說，評論，注意；vi.評論，談?wù)?/p>

review: n.檢討,復(fù)習(xí),回顧;v.溫習(xí),檢討,評論

第七題：

equation: n.相等,等式

formula: n.公式,程式;準(zhǔn)則,方案

balance: n.平衡,差額vi.平衡,相等vt.稱,權(quán)衡,比較,使平衡,結(jié)算,抵消

pattern: n.圖案,模范,榜樣;型,式樣;樣品;圖樣vt.摹制,仿造;以圖案裝飾

第八題：

vary: vt.改變,使多樣化vi.變化,不同,違反

shift: n.移位,變化,移動,輪班,手段,辦法vt.替換,轉(zhuǎn)移,改變,移轉(zhuǎn),推卸,變速vi.轉(zhuǎn)換 lay: vt.放,擱;下;鋪設(shè),敷設(shè),砌;把?壓平,使倒下;使處于某種狀態(tài);鋪,涂;布置

moderate: a.適度的,穩(wěn)健的,中等的,節(jié)制的vt.節(jié)制,使穩(wěn)定,使緩和vi.變緩和

第九題：

conviction: n.定罪;確信,信服,信念

contest: n.競賽,爭論vt.競賽,爭取,爭辯vi.爭奪

consent: n.同意,贊成vi.同意,贊成content: n.內(nèi)容,滿足,意義;a.滿足的,滿意的,意義的;v.使...滿足,使...安心;

第十題：

talk down: 說服 指示

talk out: 無此搭配.(talk out of v.說服某人不做某事 勸阻)

talk into: v.說服某人做某事1.答案:C

1.答案: C

參考譯文:在地中海,海藻很多并且收成很好,所以不是很值錢.題目分析:本題的題干結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,只需注意一個句型so...that...,只不過so...的部分是由兩個并列的結(jié)構(gòu)組成的.考點解析:本題主要考查對四個選項意思的辨析,尤其是一些比較細(xì)的區(qū)別.fare特指車,船,飛機(jī)等費(fèi)用.payment泛指一般的費(fèi)用.尤其注意的是expense不僅指時間,金錢的花費(fèi),而且指體力,能量的消耗.2.答案:A

參考譯文:打字員太專注于她的工作一直與都沒有注意到他進(jìn)屋來.題目分析:本題的結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,依然是so...that...句型.考點解析:本題的解題首先需要考慮四個選項中可以和介詞in搭配,另外搭配的詞組要符合題意,綜合考慮,選擇A.需要注意四個選項分別和哪些介詞搭配.absorb與in搭配,abandon是及物動詞,focus on與center on意思接近,都表示集中于,專注于.3.答案:D

參考譯文:實際上,信息技術(shù)彌合了窮富之間的差距.題目分析:本題題干的結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單.考點解析:本題需要根據(jù)賓語the gap判斷需要填入的動詞,應(yīng)該是具有彌合,消除意思的詞語.四個選項的意思差別還是比較大的.可能大家對bridge這個詞的動詞的意思不是很熟悉,但只要根據(jù)其名詞的意思,就可以大概的知道做動詞時的意思.4.答案:A

參考譯文:一些研究人員完全忽視了所有那些事實,即使它們從沒存在過.題目分析:本題題干的結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單,題干包含一個讓步狀語as though they never existed.考點解析:本體四個選項都是考試中常考的詞匯,意思差別也比較大.根據(jù)題目中的賓語all those facts,以及讓步狀語as though they never existed.很容可以選出ignore

5.答案:B

參考譯文:計算機(jī)電源現(xiàn)在允許自動檢索的指紋檔案，以匹配在犯罪現(xiàn)場獲得的指紋。題目分析:本題題干結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,包含一個句型allow...to do...考點解析:本題四個選項的意思比較接近,但根據(jù)題干的場景,應(yīng)該能夠排除A和C,比較B和D, scene是特指發(fā)生某事情的現(xiàn)場,與題目中的fingerprint和match a print at a crime意思相符,所以選擇B

6.答案:A

參考譯文:方言之所以應(yīng)該被保留的最根本原因是語言有助于留住文化。

題目分析:本題題干的結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜,含有兩個從句,其中why dialects should be preserved為定語從句,其先行詞為reason, that language helps to retain a culture為賓語從句.注意向本題題干中的這種先行詞為reason,由why引導(dǎo)的定語從句翻譯的時候需要翻譯為...之所以...的原因是...考點解析:本題四個選項都是由re開頭的,主要是考察形式相近的詞語意思的辨析.這道題其實很簡單，從題干可以看出dialects和language是同義詞,那么需要填入的詞一定也是preserve的同義詞,也就不難選出retain了.這是這也是標(biāo)志詞法的一個應(yīng)用.7.答案:C

參考譯文:公司在努力尋找供給和需求之間正確的平衡,但這并不是一個簡單的任務(wù).題目分析:本題題干結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單

考點解析:本題主要是對選項四個詞匯意思的辨析.根據(jù)題目中的supply and demand,可以確定選擇balance.特別需要注意pattern這個詞,它的意思比較多,考試中比較容易考到.8.答案:B

參考譯文:大規(guī)模廣告宣傳，使重點從商品的生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到商品的消費(fèi)上.題目分析:本題題干的結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,只需注意一個固定搭配shift...from...to...是把...從...轉(zhuǎn)移到...的意思.考點解析:本題主要是對A,B兩個選項所指對象的細(xì)小區(qū)別.根據(jù)題目的意思,以及題目中的from...to...可以首先排除C,D兩個選項.vary...from...to...表示由...到...情況不等的意思,所以選擇B.注意vary, shift, transfer, alter意思的區(qū)別:

vary 強(qiáng)調(diào)因為條件不同而發(fā)生變化；

shift 表示觀點、立場、重點、位置等的改變；

transfer 轉(zhuǎn)換，可表示工作調(diào)動，球員轉(zhuǎn)會等；

alter 強(qiáng)調(diào)調(diào)整，更改，取“改變”含義時，常表示外貌、性格的改變；

9.答案:D

參考譯文:由于他的出色管理，人民生活得和平并且滿足,所有之前被忽略的事情都得到了照顧.題目分析:本題題干結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單,前半句Because of his excellent administration為原因狀語,后面半句為主句部分.考點解析:本題四個選項都是以con開頭的詞語,主要考查對四個形式相近的詞會意思的辨析.尤其是對后三個詞匯的辨析,這四個詞匯都是考試中經(jīng)常會考到的詞匯,大家務(wù)必要辨析清楚,牢記意思.10.答案:D

參考譯文:我知道你口齒伶俐,所以不要說服我買下它.題目分析:本題題干結(jié)構(gòu)簡單.考點解析,本題主要考查talk與其它介詞構(gòu)成的短語的意思的辨析.

第五篇：新大學(xué)英語四級翻譯練習(xí)

新大學(xué)英語四級翻譯練習(xí)

1.I have had great deal of trouble______________________________.(跟得上班上的其他同學(xué))2.___________(我們沒有人料到主席會出現(xiàn))at the party.We thought he was still in hospital.3.A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,________________(正如預(yù)料的那樣).4.Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much__________(是一門科學(xué)，也是一門藝術(shù)).5.Some women ___________________(本來能夠掙一份很好的工資)in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family.6．Over a third of the population was estimated_________(無法獲得)to the health service.7.Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used______________(習(xí)慣了學(xué)生遲到)his lecture.8.The price of beer____________(從50美分到4美元不等)per liter during the summer season.9.We’d like __________________(預(yù)訂一張餐桌)five for dinner this evening.10.There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means____________(想找麻煩).244 11.It may be necessary to stop__________________________(每隔…時間)in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.12.The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ______________(傷害自己).13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_______________(忙著準(zhǔn)備)her examination.14.The ship’s generator broke down and the pumps____________________(不得不用手工操作)instead of mechanically.15.Why didn’t you tell me you could me the money? I___________________________(本來不必從銀行借錢的）

16．By the time you get to New York, I____________(已經(jīng)動身去)London.17.Buying clothes______________________(是一件很耗時的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.18.It’s time_____________________(采取措施)about the traffic problem downtown.19.When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon______________(克服了這種心理).20.Please don’t stand in the kitchen, you’re________________（擋路了）.197 21．There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone ____________(打擾我)that evening.22._____________________(正是由于她太沒有經(jīng)驗)that she does not know how to deal with the situation.23.When I __________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)他騙我)I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.24.The manager would rather his daughter__________________(不在一個辦公室內(nèi)工作).25.The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_______________(最終因天氣不好而取消了).26．I__________________(將在做實驗)from three to five this afternoon.27.How close parents are to their children_________________ __(有很強(qiáng)的影響)the character of the children.28.But for his help, I _____________________(我不可能這么早完成).29.His remarks left me ____________________________(想知道他的真實目的).30.Mark often____________________________(試圖逃脫罰款)whenever he breaks traffic regulations.31．If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to______________(訴助武力).32.The room is in a terrible mess;it _____________________（肯定沒打掃過）.33.Everybody knows he____________________________（受到了冤枉指控）.34.He wears a pair of sunglasses________________________（惟恐被別人認(rèn)出來）.35.She never dreams of _______________________(被派到國外).124 36.If you won’t agree to our plan,_____________________(他們也不會同意).37.I should say Henry is _______________________(與其說是個作家不如說是)as a reporter.38._____________________(信不信由你), his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.39.If you don’t like to swim, you ____________(不妨待在家里).40.Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you____________________(弄臟了新地毯).100 41．Frankly speaking, I’d rather you ________________(不采取任何措施)about it for the time being.42.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________(起著不可缺少的作用)in raising children.43.John seems a nice person, ___________________(即使這樣), I don’t trust him.44.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_____________(正在研制)and perfected now.45.What a lovely party!It’s worth_________________(牢記一生).76 46．Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not____________(失去聯(lián)系)the outside world.47.Cancer is _________________(僅次于)heart disease as a cause of death.48.It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have ______________(這么好的天氣).49.I would ______________(不會訴諸法律)a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate.50.John cannot afford to go to the university, _________________(更不用說出國了).51．I don’t mind your_____________(你延期做出決定)the decision as long as it is not too late.52.I suggested he ____________________（使自己適應(yīng)）his new conditions.53.I have no objection_______________________（再聽聽你的故事）.54.This popular sports car___________________（正在生產(chǎn)出來）out at the rate of a thousand a week.55._____________________________（請你找張空白紙）and write your name at the top?

參考答案：

1.keeping up with the rest of the class.2.none of us expected the chairman to turn up 3.as was to be expected 4.an art as it is a science 5.could have made a good salary.6.to have no access 7.to students’ being late for 8.ranges/varies from 50 cents to $4 9.to reserve a table for 10.to make trouble 11.at intervals 12.injure himself 13.busy preparing for 14.had to be operated manually 15.needn’t have borrowed it from the bank.16.shall have left for 17.is often a very time-consuming job 18.something was done/some measures were taken 19.overcame it/got over it 20.in the way 21.had interrupted me 22.it is because she is too inexperienced 23.caught him cheating me 24.did not work in the same office 25.was finally called off/cancelled because of the bad weather 26.will be doing/conducting the experiment 27.has a strong influence on 28.would not have finished so early 29.wondering about his real purpose 30.attempts to escape being fined 31.resort to force 32.can’t have been cleaned 33.was wrongly accused/charged 34.for fear that he should be recognized 35.being sent abroad 36.neither will they 37.not so much a writer 38.Believe it or not 39.may just as well stay at home 40.stain the new carpet 41.didn’t do anything 42.play indispensable roles 43.Even so 44.are being developed 45.remembering all my life 46.lose contact with 47.second only to 48.such fine weather 49.have never resorted to

50.not to speak of/not to mention/let alone going abroad 51.delaying making 52.should adapt himself to

新大學(xué)英語四級翻譯練習(xí)

1.I have had great deal of trouble______________________________.(跟得上班上的其他同學(xué))2.___________(我們沒有人料到主席會出現(xiàn))at the party.We thought he was still in hospital.3.A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,________________(正如預(yù)料的那樣).4.Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much__________(是一門科學(xué)，也是一門藝術(shù)).5.Some women ___________________(本來能夠掙一份很好的工資)in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family.6．Over a third of the population was estimated_________(無法獲得)to the health service.7.Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used______________(習(xí)慣了學(xué)生遲到)his lecture.8.The price of beer____________(從50美分到4美元不等)per liter during the summer season.9.We’d like __________________(預(yù)訂一張餐桌)five for dinner this evening.10.There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means____________(想找麻煩).244 11.It may be necessary to stop__________________________(每隔…時間)in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.12.The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ______________(傷害自己).13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_______________(忙著準(zhǔn)備)her examination.14.The ship’s generator broke down and the pumps____________________(不得不用手工操作)instead of mechanically.15.Why didn’t you tell me you could me the money? I___________________________(本來不必從銀行借錢的）

16．By the time you get to New York, I____________(已經(jīng)動身去)London.17.Buying clothes______________________(是一件很耗時的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.18.It’s time_____________________(采取措施)about the traffic problem downtown.19.When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon______________(克服了這種心理).20.Please don’t stand in the kitchen, you’re________________（擋路了）.197 21．There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone ____________(打擾我)that evening.22._____________________(正是由于她太沒有經(jīng)驗)that she does not know how to deal with the situation.23.When I __________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)他騙我)I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.24.The manager would rather his daughter__________________(不在一個辦公室內(nèi)工作).25.The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_______________(最終因天氣不好而取消了).26．I__________________(將在做實驗)from three to five this afternoon.27.How close parents are to their children_________________ __(有很強(qiáng)的影響)the character of the children.28.But for his help, I _____________________(我不可能這么早完成).29.His remarks left me ____________________________(想知道他的真實目的).30.Mark often____________________________(試圖逃脫罰款)whenever he breaks traffic regulations.31．If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to______________(訴助武力).32.The room is in a terrible mess;it _____________________（肯定沒打掃過）.33.Everybody knows he____________________________（受到了冤枉指控）.34.He wears a pair of sunglasses________________________（惟恐被別人認(rèn)出來）.35.She never dreams of _______________________(被派到國外).124 36.If you won’t agree to our plan,_____________________(他們也不會同意).37.I should say Henry is _______________________(與其說是個作家不如說是)as a reporter.38._____________________(信不信由你), his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.39.If you don’t like to swim, you ____________(不妨待在家里).40.Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you____________________(弄臟了新地毯).100 41．Frankly speaking, I’d rather you ________________(不采取任何措施)about it for the time being.42.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________(起著不可缺少的作用)in raising children.43.John seems a nice person, ___________________(即使這樣), I don’t trust him.44.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_____________(正在研制)and perfected now.45.What a lovely party!It’s worth_________________(牢記一生).76 46．Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not____________(失去聯(lián)系)the outside world.47.Cancer is _________________(僅次于)heart disease as a cause of death.48.It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have ______________(這么好的天氣).49.I would ______________(不會訴諸法律)a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate.50.John cannot afford to go to the university, _________________(更不用說出國了).51．I don’t mind your_____________(你延期做出決定)the decision as long as it is not too late.52.I suggested he ____________________（使自己適應(yīng)）his new conditions.53.I have no objection_______________________（再聽聽你的故事）.54.This popular sports car___________________（正在生產(chǎn)出來）out at the rate of a thousand a week.55._____________________________（請你找張空白紙）and write your name at the top?

參考答案：

1.keeping up with the rest of the class.2.none of us expected the chairman to turn up 3.as was to be expected 4.an art as it is a science 5.could have made a good salary.6.to have no access 7.to students’ being late for 8.ranges/varies from 50 cents to $4 9.to reserve a table for 10.to make trouble 11.at intervals 12.injure himself 13.busy preparing for 14.had to be operated manually 15.needn’t have borrowed it from the bank.16.shall have left for 17.is often a very time-consuming job 18.something was done/some measures were taken 19.overcame it/got over it 20.in the way 21.had interrupted me 22.it is because she is too inexperienced 23.caught him cheating me 24.did not work in the same office 25.was finally called off/cancelled because of the bad weather 26.will be doing/conducting the experiment 27.has a strong influence on 28.would not have finished so early 29.wondering about his real purpose 30.attempts to escape being fined 31.resort to force 32.can’t have been cleaned 33.was wrongly accused/charged 34.for fear that he should be recognized 35.being sent abroad 36.neither will they 37.not so much a writer 38.Believe it or not 39.may just as well stay at home 40.stain the new carpet 41.didn’t do anything 42.play indispensable roles 43.Even so 44.are being developed 45.remembering all my life 46.lose contact with 47.second only to 48.such fine weather 49.have never resorted to

50.not to speak of/not to mention/let alone going abroad 51.delaying making 52.should adapt himself to