第一篇:慕課東南大學學術英語演講稿
Good morning,ladies and gentlemen.For those of you who don't know me, my name's 發發發.I’m here today to share with you something about my doctoral dissertation at the Department of Sociology, Southeast University.The title of my talk is ‘Work Life Balance and Job Satisfaction: How Relevant Are They?’.I will start with an introduction to the real situation and literature review, then introduce some work-related variables such as workplace culture, social support and motivation and conceptual framework for the relationship between work life balance and job satisfaction,next present the most important results of investigations, and finally I hope to draw a few conclusions and I also want to acknowledge a few people.I hope today’s topic is of particular interest to those of you who want to have work life balance or improve employee’s job satisfaction and increase productivity.Lastly, If you have any questions, I'll be happy to answer them as we go along.As we all know, the global economy is more complex and interlinked,which demands higher efficiency and productivity from the employees.And the high pressure caused by the economy development will lead to a decrease in job satisfaction.With the decrease of job satisfaction, the employees will have worse performance at work.In fact, according to the previous researches, satisfaction with the job is a part of life satisfaction which depends on the balance of work and individual life.When the employees are satisfied with their job, they can work longer and more productive over their lifetime.However, many companies and organizations do not realize the significant role of work life balance towards the employees' job satisfaction.In addition, many previous studies focused on the factors such as flexibility of work, motivation, and so on.But they do not examine the role of work life balance on job satisfaction.Thus, my research was conducted to examine and scrutinize on the relationship of work life balance and job satisfaction and specifically examine the relationships among employees in healthcare organizations.The reason that I select healthcare organizations is that the hospitals are perceived to be the workplace that is highly stressful.Before talking about my research, I still need to explain the definitions of work-life balance, workplace culture, job satisfaction and other related terms though everybody has some understanding.First, different perspectives of work life balance are all about concerning how people react towards their live for the purposes of balancing both work and life.Second, Workplace culture sometimes called organizational culture affects everything from how much your employees like their jobs to how likely they are to timely complete tasks.In addition, though job satisfaction also has a different perspective by every one, basically job satisfaction is associated with salary, occupational stress, empowerment, company and administrative policy, achievement, personal growth, relationship with others, and the overall working condition.Last but not least, It is found from the study that work life balance has positive influence on job satisfaction.In addition,according to some previous researches and some real situation researches, we can find work life balance which include workplace cultures,social support and motivation, affect job satisfactions,which is a conceptual framework.So we have some hypotheses: HI: Workplace culture is positively related with job satisfaction.H2: Social support is significantly related with job satisfaction.H3: Motivation is related with job satisfaction.My paper data was collected from management staff from four healthcare organizations in Klang Valley, Malaysia.A total of 205 questionnaires were distributed and 205 were returned, which contributing 100% to the response rate.The questionnaires includes five parts : the demographic profile of the respondents, the workplace culture, the questions about social support, motivation and the questions related to job satisfaction.At the investigation,we used Cronbach's alpha to measure the internal consistency of workplace culture, social support, motivation and job satisfaction.The data indicated that the highest levels of work life balance among job satisfaction was motivation.The moderate level of work life balance among management staffs job satisfaction is the workplace culture.Social support has low impact on management staff’s job satisfaction.The results of the study indicates that there is positive relationship between workplace culture and social support have positive influences on job satisfaction but the effect is very weak.And there is a negative relationship between motivation and job satisfaction.Even though most respondents claim that they have to work long hour, they still manage to balance their work life.It can be concluded that the workplace culture, social support and motivation affect the work life balance.However, this study is subjected to various limitations.For example, there was a small sample and the role of attitude, spiritual belief and culture was not included.Generally speaking, This study indicated the important of balance the rises of the responsibilities of the workers and the demand of stability in the family.So let me summarize what I've said.In conclusion, work life balance positively affect job satisfaction.In work life balance, except for motivation, workplace culture and social support have a positive relationship with job satisfaction.In the light of what we have seen today, I suggest that the company or organizations should give due consideration on achieving the work life balance of its employees to promote job satisfaction.Only when employees are satisfied with their job, they can work longer and more productive.Now, I will close my presentation.Many thanks for your attention.Are there any questions?
第二篇:英語學術演講稿
Good morning everyone.Welcome to my presentation.My name is …My major is mechanical engineering.The research direction of my team is the robot, so I’ll talk something about applications of the teleoperator robot in our life with two examples.The main contents of my speech are the medical robot and the cooking robot.First of all, we should know what teleoperator robot is.Teleoperator robots are mainly used for various operations of non-industrial production, for example, the medical robot, the cooking robot and the cleaning robot.Let’s first see the medical robot.The main characteristics of the medical robot is remote control.The remote control lets people stride across the space-time barrier.It means that the doctor and the patient can be in different places, as is shown in the pictures.The patient is in Strasbourg while the surgeon is in New York.The display screen provides surgery scene to the surgeon.By operating the main operation terminal and inputting commands, doctors can control the robot to have surgery.Robots can also serve our daily life.Most of us may already know that the robot cooks in the university cafeteria of Beijing Jiaotong University.We all think that it’s very interesting.These pictures show us the process of the robot cooking.First, the chef puts raw materials into the robot, then choses the dish to cook in the display screen.Next, the robot starts to cook.In the cooking process, the chef follows the robot’s voice prompts to add spices.Just three minutes later, the robot pours the cooked dish into the prepared basin.The robot cooking not only takes less time but also uses less gas.It can save fifty percent of gas.As the above examples allude, teleoperator robots provide service for mankind and make our life more convenient.Meanwhile they save us a lot of time and sources of energy.I believe in the future teleoperator robots will be more widely used and provide better service to our life.That’s all.Thank you.
第三篇:英語學術演講稿
Good morning everyone.Welcome to my presentation.My name is …My major is mechanical engineering.The research direction of my team is the robot, so I’ll talk something about applications of the teleoperator robot in our life with two examples.The main contents of my speech are the medical robot and the cooking robot.First of all, we should know what teleoperator robot is.Teleoperator
robots are mainly used for various operations of non-industrial production, for example, the medical robot, the cooking robot and the cleaning robot.Let’s first see the medical robot.The main characteristics ofthe medical robot is remote control.The remote control lets people stride across the space-time barrier.It means that the doctor and the patient can be in different places, as is shown in the pictures.The patient is in Strasbourg while the surgeon is in New York.The display screen
provides surgery scene to the surgeon.By operating the main operation terminal and inputting commands, doctors can control the robot to have surgery.Robots can also serve our daily life.Most of us may already know that the robot cooks in the university cafeteria of Beijing Jiaotong University.We all think that it’s very interesting.These pictures show us the process of the robot cooking.First, the chef puts raw materials into the robot, then choses the dish to cook in the display screen.Next, the robot starts to
cook.In the cooking process, the chef follows the robot’s voice prompts to add spices.Just three minutes later, the robot pours the cooked dish into the prepared basin.The robot cooking not only takes less time but also uses less gas.It can save fifty percent of gas.As the above examples allude, teleoperator robots provide service for mankind and make our life more convenient.Meanwhile they save us a lot of time and sources of energy.I believe in the future teleoperator robots will be more widely used and provide better service to our life.That’s all.Thank you.
第四篇:慕課
作為課堂教學的班級授課制自提出以來,對課堂教學的變革就一直沒有中斷過,在變革過程中,既有建設性探索,也不乏顛覆性的嘗試,甚至有諸如“學校消亡論”、“課堂消亡論”的論斷。但時至今日,課堂教學依然是學校教育最基本的組織形式。當人類進入21世紀后,隨著信息技術的迅猛發展,出現了資源網絡化、環境虛擬化、教學個性化、學習自主化、活動協作化等特征,對教育教學產生極大沖擊。尤其是近期“慕課”強勢來襲,新技術正在引發一場學習的革命和教育的革命,正在改變幾千年來的教育模式[1]?!澳秸n”提供了一種支持泛在學習、知識建構、交流協作的無縫學習空間,使傳統的、根深蒂固的單向知識傳授轉向注重交流與評估的多向互動;使個體認知轉向分布式認知。滿足學生日益增長的個性化學習需求是其基本動力,知識生產勝于知識消費是其基本學習理念。它改變了人與人的共生關系,倒逼學校教育、課堂教學方式的變革。我們的學校若不改革,可能會淪為世界一流學校的教學實驗室和輔導教室[1];我們的課堂教學方式若不變革,可能會淪為“慕課”平臺的自習室。面對“慕課”對課堂教學的挑戰,須重新審視面對面教學的處境。巨大的挑戰之下亦蘊含著變革的機遇,“慕課”為課堂生態的重建提供新的定向。慕課,簡稱“MOOC”,也稱“MOOCs”,是新近涌現出來的一種在線課程開發模式,它發端于過去的那種發布資源、學習管理系統以及將學習管理系統與更多的開放網絡資源綜合起來的舊的課程開發模式。
所謂“慕課”(MOOC),顧名思義,“M”代表Massive(大規模),與傳統課程只有幾十個或幾百個學生不同,一門MOOCs課程動輒上萬人,最多達16萬人;第二個字母“O”代表Open(開放),以興趣導向,凡是想學習的,都可以進來學,不分國籍,只需一個郵箱,就可注冊參與;第三個字母“O”代表Online(在線),學習在網上完成,無需旅行,不受時空限制;第四個字母“C”代表Course,就是課程的意思
MOOC是新近涌現出來的一種在線課程開發模式,它發端于過去的那種發布資源、學習管理系統以及將學習管理系統與更多的開放網絡資源綜合起來的舊的課程開發模式。通俗地說,慕課是大規模的網絡開放課程,它是為了增強知識傳播而由具有分享和協作精神的個人組織發布的、散布于互聯網上的開放課程。
(一)開放性課程設計打破了課堂教學封閉性的局限
“慕課”產生于開放教育資源運動不斷發展的背景之下,從開放教育資源到開放學習,再到當前一種新型開放資源模式:“慕課”的本質屬性均沿承了開放教育的理念。開放教育主張教育的民主和平等,不論學習者的性別、年齡、種族、經濟等狀況,向世界任何地區、任何人提供能夠充分滿足學習需求的學習機會。而“慕課”在沿承開放教育基礎之上已遠超越最初的“學習資源”、“學習內容”開放的內涵,它是一套完整的教學模式,包含了上課、分享觀點、信息反饋、完成作業、評估學習進度、討論學習內容、參加考試、得到分數、拿到證書等學習全過程,整個教學過程均是開放的?!伴_放”正在成為一種價值,任何學習對象均可在任何時間自由選擇注冊學習,基于大數據的個性化學習分析沖破了傳統課堂教學的藩籬。傳統課堂教學重視學生共性,對學生的個性學習關照不足。進而為每位學習者設計差異性的學習內容、學習模式、反饋資源等,凸顯了個性發展,沖破課程教學方式的“標準化”藩籬。
(二)多主體的交流互動拆除了教師與學生之間森嚴的壁壘 “慕課”平臺引入了社交理念,來自不同地域的授課者與學習者依托網絡社區進行開放式的、多元化的互動和交流,形成了多主體、多向互動的分布式認知結構———認知不僅發生在學習者的頭腦中,還發生在人與人、人與平臺的交互過程中。學習者根據不同的主題可以在不同的社交網站上構建學習互助的亞群體,并隨著學習者的不斷聚集進一步衍生出課程的相關網站與資源庫[11]。教師或助教通過網絡社交平臺在線參與到學習者的討論區,或者篩選出集中且意義較大的問題,以文字整理或視頻形式進行系統解答。學習者可以自主選擇不同方式進行參與,“慕課”借助社會化網絡工具,形成了比傳統課堂教學中更大、更新的學習共同體,拆除教師與學生之間森嚴的壁壘,摒棄了傳統教室里等級分明的權威形象,師生之間用平等、民主的協商來取代教師的專斷。
(三)基于微視頻與交互練習的知識圖譜式學習路徑擺脫了課堂教學“滿堂灌”的局限 微視頻與交互練習是“慕課”核心的學習資源。一般而言,“慕課”的教學安排按“周”布置,教師規定好每周的學習內容,將學習內容分為多個知識模塊分別錄制10分鐘左右的“微視頻”,微視頻即為課程信息傳輸的核心形式。它以一個知識點為單位編制,短小精悍,反映了教師針對某個知識點、某個教學環節或某個問題展開教與學活動的教學資源的有機組合,它擺脫了傳統課堂教學中教師將完整的教學內容對學生進行滿堂灌的局限。同時,微視頻的學習逐漸由易到難進階,呈現的是一種基于知識點的知識圖譜式的學習路徑。相對于完整的課堂教學內容來說,更加有利于學習者集中精力,體現了“做中學”并強化了知識點的練習。此外,大多數的交互式練習都是課程服務器按照程序自動評估打分,最大的優勢是能給予學生及時的反饋評估,使學生及時了解自己的學習成果,課程服務器將會根據學生作答的情況提供相應的講解視頻或其他材料,以強化學習。
“慕課”本身也逐漸顯露出了更多的現實困境,它們要比上述外部因素嚴重得多。這更值得引起重視和關注。
第一,注冊者眾多,認真者較少,完成者寥寥。第二,“慕課”課程對教師的要求很高,任課教師壓力巨大。不是所有“慕課”課程都引人入勝,也不是所有教師都適合擔任“慕課”課程。
第三,“慕課”課程必須由高深的技術作支撐。第四,“慕課”的接受效果不甚理想。有 第五,評價與測試是最大難點。
“慕課”背景下課堂教學生態的重建
課堂是由教師、學生、學習內容以及課堂教學環境所構成的一種總體關聯的系統?!澳秸n”作為新技術引入課堂教學,將原來課上的知識傳授通過在線微課程放在課下預先進行,而將原來課下進行的知識內化過程放在課上通過教師引導、學生自主參與來進行,實現了課堂教學的“翻轉”。課堂“翻轉”改變了原有課堂教學要素的動態組合,勢必引起課堂教學生態的重建。課堂教學生態的重建主要表現為以下四個方面:
(一)重建課堂教學理念.從重“教”轉變為重“學”傳統的課堂教學觀以“控制教學進度”為特征,常常以教定學,教師控制、主宰著課堂。“控制”、“主宰”均意味著一種外力、服從和被動,這種課堂教學觀將教學過程等同于認知過程、知識傳授過程,將課堂變為“教堂”。
(二)重建課堂教學目標新課程改革著眼于終身教育的價值追求,提出了知識與技能、過程與方法、情感態度與價值觀三維一體的課程目標,它們是同一教學過程的不同方面,是同一門課程促進學生發展的不同維度,也是教育境界由低級到高級、逐漸層遞性的表征,突出的是生命主體終身發展必備的基礎知識與基本技能,注重的是超越“死記硬背、題海戰術”的學習能力發展,升華的是個體完整生命的和諧發展。
(三)重建課堂教學實施過程“慕課”帶來了教學組織形式的“翻轉”,為解決傳統的課堂教學實施過程中的問題帶來了契機。“慕課”背景下的課堂“翻轉”,將傳統課堂上“傳授知識”的認知目標放在課下利用在線學習實現,而課堂上則是以師生的討論、交流、探究為主,整個教學組織形式發生了改變。
(四)重塑課堂教學要素教師、學生、教學內容與課堂教學環境是課堂教學中不可或缺的基本要素,它們之間相互作用、相互聯系的動態發展構成了復雜的課堂教學系統?;凇澳秸n”的課堂“翻轉”,使師生關系發生了前所未有的變化,也為課堂教學環境帶來了新的屬性。
第五篇:慕課
“大規模開放在線課程”(Massive Open OnlineCourses, MOOC)又稱“慕課”。在過去的幾年時間里,在世界范圍內,作為全球開放教育資源運動(OER)和教育信息化浪潮的一個重要部分,“大規模開放在線課程”迅猛發展,并對包括高等教育在內的學校教育乃至社會教育產生了并正在產生著重要而深遠的影響。
一時間,在各國政府的教育管理者與政策制定者們、教育研究人員、大學校長、教授,以及來自各行各業的慕課學習者中,既有人為之振奮,將慕課的興起喻之為“象牙塔的倒掉”和“大學的革命”;也有人對慕課嗤之以鼻,認為它沒有什么值得大驚小怪的,覺得它并不會對大學產生多少影響;而更多的人則是不知所措。
面對慕課來襲,大學究竟應該如何推動和發展大規模開放在線課程?尤其是如何將慕課與大學自身的發展、協同創新不斷提升人才培養質量,以及如何與大學所承載的社會使命等緊密地聯系起來?這將成為擺在今天每一位大學校長面前的一個重要且無法回避的攻關課題。
本文結合作者自己的理解與認識,就大學如何推動和發展慕課給諸位校長們提供八點建議。
一、跟蹤世界高等教育信息化發展趨勢
就世界范圍而言,普及化、國際化、信息化可謂當前高等教育的三大發展趨勢。其中,普及化使得更多的人有接受高等教育的機會;國際化絕非單純地吸收國際留學生、引進外籍教師、開展雙語教學、提高教師出國比例等,它更多的是通過國際合作來提升大學知識創新和人才培養的質量;信息化則是從工具、資源、過程等系統的各個環節,以信息與通訊技術來變革高等教育。世界高等教育的這三大趨勢,在慕課這兒可以說是融于一身,它正好順應了全球高等教育變革的普及化、國際化和信息化這三大趨勢。因此,大學校長理應跟蹤世界高等教育發展趨勢,在自己的大學積極推動和發展慕課。
二、選修一門慕課,體驗嘗試
常言道,要知道梨子的味道,你必須親口嘗一嘗。大學校長們要想知道慕課究竟對大學教育教學變革會產生怎樣的影響,大學究竟應該如何應對?大學應該怎樣來推動和發展慕課?其中第一個要做的事情,我想恐怕就是選一門慕課進行學習,校長要親自體驗一下,嘗試一下,哪怕因時間和精力問題無暇顧及最后不得不輟學,也要選修一門課程。事實上,已經有一些校長在這么做了。北京大學李曉明校長助理不僅自己修課體驗,而且自己親自上課,帶領團隊在Courera上開設課程。復旦大學的陸昉副校長親歷親為,積極推動復旦大學的慕課發展。
三、理性冷靜地看待慕課,既不盲從也不漠視
其實,大學是否需要啟動慕課計劃、推動和發展慕課,大學為什么要推動和發展慕課,這是需要理性的、冷靜地思考的問題。在如何看待慕課這個問題上,大學校長應該持一種理性冷靜的態度,既要避免盲目跟風,狂熱鼓噪,也要避免麻木不仁,視而不見。校長要緊密地結合自己學校的實際,理性有序地推動和發展慕課。
四、深入研究在線學習、混合學習模式
大學校長不僅要了解和體驗大規模開放在線課程,更要緊密結合全球高等教育發展的趨勢,特別是在大學教學改革的新動向、新技術、新模式,不斷深化大學課程與教學改革。今天的大學不僅要有全球眼光,而且還要不斷努力,為學生提供更多的、個性化的選擇。為此,大學應深入研究在線學習與混合學習模式,積極探索將開放教育資源運動、世界大學名校公開課、中國大學視頻公開課以及大規模開放在線課程之類的課程與資源運用于大學內的課堂教學改革和人才培養過程之中。大學要推動和發展慕課,首先要積極探索和研究慕課。
這是當務之急,也是推動和發展慕課的前提。
五、制定教學信息化宏觀戰略與政策
與推進和發展高等教育信息化一樣,大學應當審時度勢,立足學校自身實際,在調查研究和分析的基礎上,制定切實可行的大學教學信息化宏觀戰略與政策,尤其是要將大規模開放在線課程、微課、信息技術與課程深度融合、大學課程數字化與信息化、技術支持的教師專業發展等緊密結合起來,整體布局,系統變革,循序漸進。
六、加入大學課程聯盟共建共享
慕課興起,國內大學聞風而動。北京大學積極推動與edX和 Coursera的合作,清華大學設立了大規模開放在線課程研究中心,上海華東師范大學設立了慕課中心,成立了面向中學的由國內20所著名中學發起的C20慕課聯盟。許許多多大學摩拳擦掌,積極推動和發展大規模開放在線課程。
2012年4月,上海市教委為了實現上海各高校課程、專業、師生資源共享,正式發文批準成立“上海高校課程資源共享中心”。2013年10月9日,由重慶大學等高校發起成立的、自愿結成的、非盈利性、非法人、開放性的高校聯盟“東西部高校課程共享聯盟”理事會成立大會在北京大學中關新園舉行,該聯盟是在教育主管部門的指導下,為實現高校優質課程資源廣泛共享而自愿結成的高校聯盟。
對于國內大學而言,我們不僅可以與edX、Coursera之類的國際機構合作,將自己的課程面向世界發布,也可以在“東西部高校課程共享聯盟”共建共享。大學不僅可以借助這些聯盟和平臺提升自己大學的知名度和社會影響力,而且也可以借助社會資本,深化和發展大學自己的課程與教學水平,不斷提升自身師資隊伍的質量與水平。
七、立足校內人才培養深化教學改革
大學推動和發展慕課,不應當是為了趕時髦。大學應當利用推動和發展慕課的這一契機和舉措,緊密結合大學自身人才培養實際,立足校內人才培養,不斷推動課程改革,深化大學教學改革,踐行大學社會使命。為此,大學推動和發展慕課應當納入到大學整體發展戰略之中加以系統考量,整體規劃,應當將大規模開放在線課程與學校課程建設、教學改革、教師隊伍建設、教學模式創新、人才培養質量等等之類立校之本的東西緊密結合起來,立足校內人才培養深化教學改革。
事實上,在國內高校中,已經有一些大學開始這么做了。
2014年1月16日,復旦大學召開新聞發布會,正式宣布2014年4月1日復旦大學將登陸全球慕課平臺Coursera。在復旦大學副校長陸昉看來,此舉標志著復旦大學對如何建設慕課、運用慕課、發展慕課形成了共識,也有了自己的思路,并邁出了實質性的步伐。在接受上海教育新聞網記者劉時玉的采訪時,陸昉副校長說,“我們希望一方面把復旦的課程推向社會,擔負應有的社會責任;另一方面希望引領校內的教學改革,使在線教學線上線下同步進行,把慕課建設納入常規的教學體系?!?/p>
八、積極試點總結經驗穩步推進
在推動和發展慕課的過程中,不同的大學,在心態、動機、目的和意圖幾個方面也許略有不同。一些大學,積極推動慕課,似乎有加入世界一流大學俱樂部的味道,同時,另外一些大學則更多地著眼于深化大學課程改革。還有一些大學,則著眼于踐行大學的使命。無論是哪種動機、目的、心態和意圖,在推動和發展慕課的時候,大學應當積極試點,不斷總結經驗教訓,穩步推進。避免“一窩蜂”,避免“瞎折騰”、“搞運動”。