第一篇：高中英語必修三 module 1 Great European Countries 教案

Module 1 Europe

Reading

Great European Cities

高一英語組：王娟

Teaching plan

Step 1:Teaching goals: 1.Target language

A.Important words and phrases Landmark, situated, gallery,symbol, located, architect, project,sculpture,birthplace,civilization,ancient,opposite,more than, be famous for, work on, all the time B.Important sentences

Paris is the capital and largest city of France,situated on the River Seine.Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches and museums.2.Ability goals

To enable the students to talk about some great European cities.3.Learning ability goals

To help the students how to talk about some cities Step 2 :Teaching important and difficult points To get the students to learn the great European cities To get the students to learn how to describe a city or place Step 3:Teaching methods

Fast reading, careful reading, listening,discussion, Step 4:Teaching methods Project, ppt, audio, Step 5:Teaching procedures I.Review II.lead in

III.Reading A.Task 1:Fast reading/Skimming To get the main idea of this passage B.Task 2: listening To finish the multiple Choice(單項(xiàng)選擇)1.Which of the following is NOT a capital city?

A.Paris.B.Barcelona.C.Madrid.2.Paris is also famous for _____.A.restaurants

B.cafe

C.restaurants,cafe and theatres

3.Florence is the city of _____.A.France

B.Spain

C.Italy

4.The Renaissance is a great artistic movement which began in the _____ and lasted for three hundred years.A.1400s

B.1500s

C.1300s

5.Athens is known as the birthplace of _____.A.western civilization

B.Antonio Gaudi

C.Leonardo da Vinci

C.Task 3: Careful reading/Scanning To finish the True or False Questions 1.The Eiffel Tower is a tall building in France 2.There are a lot of restaurants and cafes in Paris.3.Florence is the capital of Spain.4.The Church of the Sagrada Familia was built in 1926.5.The artistic movement called the Renaissance began in Florence.6.The Uffizi Palace is a famous hotel in Florence.7.A long time ago, Athens was the world’s most powerful city.8.There were a lot of good writers in ancient Athens.D.Task 4: Summary : to retell the passage

The capital and largest city of France is Paris.It is _______(situate)on the River Seine.The world’s largest art galleries are ______(locate)in Paris.The second largest city of Spain is Barcelona, situated __ the northeast coast.One of Barcelona’s most famous _________(landmark), the Church of the Sagrada Familia, was _______(design)by Antonio Gaudi.Florence, an Italian city, became _________(know)for a great artistic movement, which began in the 1300s.The _________ of Greece is Athens.The work of Greece’s best writers_________(influence)other writers ever since.IV.Discussion

Work in groups, and discuss how to describe a city? V.Practice Useful sentence structures...is the capital of.........is located/ situated in/on......is famous/known for/as...The popular places are...One of the most famous landmarks is...Let's take Beijing as an example Beijing is the 1.___________and2._________second largest city of China, and 3._______(situate)in the North China Plain(華北平原).Beijing is 4._______(know)as the political,educationand cultural center of China.There are many5._______(landmark)in Beijing.The best-known one includes the Great Wall of China,6._______ is considered to be one of the world greatest miracle.Beijing has been the most popular city of china.So more and more people want to visit Beijing.7._____ my opinion, the best time to visit Beijing is spring , for theweather of that time is very fine, neither too hot 8.______too cold.When you feel9.________(tire)after one day's journey ,you can taste the Peking Roast Duck,a kind of 10._______(tradition)food in Beijing.Its very delicious.VI.Homework

第二篇：高中英語必修三筆記

Unit 1 1.mean v.意思是，意味著+doing；打算，意欲+to do adj.吝嗇的

My new job means travelling a lot.I meant to tell you the truth but didn’t get a chance.I didn’t mean to hurt you.He is too mean to buy his wife a birthday gift.2.take place vi.發(fā)生

Great changes have taken place in my hometown.3.of all kinds 各種各樣的 of … kind …類的

Questions of this kind are difficult to answer.4.starve v.（使）挨餓，餓死

The animals were left to starve to death.She is starving herself to lose weight.starvation n.5.honour v.尊敬，尊重

n.光榮，榮幸；令人感到光榮的人或事 The president honoured us with a personal visit.They are going o fight for the honour of the country.be/feel honoured to do sth.感到榮幸

I am very honoured to be included in the team.do sb.the honour of doing sth.使增光，賞光，給…帶來榮譽(yù)

Will you do me the honour of becoming my wife?

In honour of 紀(jì)念，為向…表示敬意

A dinner party will be held in honour of our guests.A monument will be put up in honour of those who died during World WarⅡ.6.satisfy v.（使）滿足，（使）滿意

Nothing satisfies him—he is always complaining.satisfy one’s curiosity 7.harm v./Un.損害

The rumor harmed his image.This will do harm to your career.harmful adj.對…有害的

Smoking is harmful to your health.8.in memory of 作為對…的紀(jì)念（+死人）

in honour of 作為對…的紀(jì)念（+死人、活人）

9.dress up 穿上盛裝，穿上正式服裝；裝扮，喬裝打扮

There is no need to dress up—come as you are.10.arrival n.到達(dá)，抵達(dá)

We apologized for the late arrival of the train.Guests received the dinner on arrival at the hotel.11.gather v.聚集，收攏，歸攏

The whole family gathered together at Jack’s home.12.award n.獎，獎品，獎金，獎狀

win/receive/get an award 13.produce Un.（農(nóng)）產(chǎn)品

product Cn.產(chǎn)品

14.admire v.欽佩，羨慕，贊賞，欣賞

I have always been admiring your new car.I don’t agree with her, but I admire her, for sticking to her principles.15.day and night I think of you day and night.16.turn up

We planned to meet at 7:00 but she never turned up.17.hold one’s breath Hold your breath and count to ten.He held his breath when the results were announced.18.apologize v.道歉+to sb.for sth.We apologize for the late arriving.Go and apologize to her.apology n.make an apology to sb.for sth.19.drown v.Two children drowned after falling into the water.The fruit was drowned in cream.20.obvious adj.be obvious to sb.that…

It is obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated.21.marry sb.be married to sb.22.set off 出發(fā)+for..We set off for London just after ten o’clock.23.remind v.提醒，使想起

You remind me of your father when you say that.Please remind me to phone Jack before I go.24.forgive v.原諒

I’ll never forgive her for what she did.Unit 2 1.diet n.日常飲食，日常食物；特種飲食，規(guī)定的飲食；飲食限制

A balanced diet and regular exercise are both important to our health.be/go on a diet The doctor asked him to go on a diet to lose weight.I’m on a diet.2.balance v.（使）保持平衡，（使）均衡，（使）平穩(wěn)

The dog balanced a ball on his nose.balanced adj.均衡的，調(diào)和的 3.frustrate v.使沮喪，使灰心，使受挫折

I find it frustrating that I can’t speak French.I’m feeling rather frustrated in my present job.4.barbecue v.燒烤

n.烤肉

We had a barbecue on the beach.roast adj.烤好的，烤制的 v.烤 5.slim v.減肥

adj.苗條的

I don’t want any cake, but I’m trying to slim.6.curious adj.好奇的

I’m curious about what happened.We were curious to know where she had gone.curiosity n.好奇心

7.get away with 做了…而未被發(fā)覺，未受懲罰

How did she get away with cheating? 8.lie v.說謊 –lied-lied ；躺，位于 –lay-lain

n.謊言

lay v.下蛋；放置 –laid-laid 9.earn one’s living=make one’s living 謀生

He earned his living as a reporter.10.glare v.怒目而視+at…

She didn’t shout.She just glared at me silently.11.spy on 暗中監(jiān)視，窺探

Have you been spying on me? 12.limited adj.有限的

limit n.限度，限制，限量，極限

a speed limit There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.13.benefit n.優(yōu)勢，益處

vt.使受益，對…有用

vi.得益于+from…

He couldn’t see the benefit of arguing any longer.We should spend the money on something that will benefit everyone.Who can benefit from those changes? 14.combine v.組合，結(jié)合，聯(lián)合，混合

combine work with pleasure Is it possible to combine the two parties? 15.cut down 減少…的量，縮減

We couldn’t cut down our expense any more.16.only too 極為，非常

I’m only too pleased to be able to get home.17.consult v.咨詢，請教+sb.about sth.；與…商議，商量+with sb.about/on sth.Unit 3 1.bring up 養(yǎng)育，撫養(yǎng)，教養(yǎng)；提出；嘔吐

She brought up 5 children.He was brought up by his aunt.Bring it up at the meeting.bring up the lunch 2.set v.為…設(shè)置背景（常用作被動）

The novel is set in London is the 1960’s.3.bet n.打賭，賭注

make a bet 打賭 win/lose a bet We have got a bet on who is going to arrive first.4.wander v.漫游，游蕩，閑逛；走神，開小差

We wandered back towards the car.She wandered aimlessly on the streets.Try not to let your mind wander.Don’t wander off the subject—keep to the point.5.permit v.允許，準(zhǔn)許

permit sb.to do sth.permit doing sth.We don’t permit smoking in the hall.Visitors are not permitted to take photos.6.go ahead(with sth.)開始做，著手干

—May I start now?

—Yes, go ahead.The government is going to go ahead with its tax cutting plan.7.stare at 盯著看，凝視，注視

I stared blankly at the piece of paper in front of me.8.fault n.過錯，過失，責(zé)任；缺陷，毛病，故障

It was his fault that we were late.9.spot v.發(fā)現(xiàn)，注意到，看見

—Where did you spot him?

—It was in the hotel where we lived.I finally spotted my friend in the crowd.10.passage n.船費(fèi)，旅費(fèi)；航行，旅行

Have a pleasant passage!work one’s passage 在船上工作以抵船資 11.account n.賬戶

v.解釋，說明，是…的原因+for account number open/close an account How do you account for the accident? 12.seek v.尋找，尋求 –sought-sought They sought shelter from the rain.We must seek for a solution to the problem.13.amount n.數(shù)量，數(shù)額+of+Un.large amounts of money 14.take a chance=take chances 碰碰運(yùn)氣，冒冒風(fēng)險 15.manner n.方式，方法；態(tài)度，舉止

He answered in a businesslike manner.have a friendly manner

manners n.禮貌，規(guī)矩

It’s bad manners to eat like that.16.simply 確實(shí)，簡直，非常，實(shí)在

The view is simply wonderful.That is simply not true.17.in rags 衣衫襤褸，穿得破舊

The beggar is dressed in rags.18.indeed 其實(shí)，實(shí)際上；當(dāng)然，真的，確實(shí)；真正地

I don’t mind.Indeed, i am pleased.It’s indeed a beautiful bag.I’m very sad indeed to hear of your father’s death.19.as for 至于，關(guān)于

You’ll have a bed, as for him, he’ll have to sleep on the floor.20.bow n./v 鞠躬

He bowed to/before the queen.21.seat vt.使…坐下

I’m seated.Please be seated.22.disappointed

be disappointed in/with sb.at/by sth.I’m very disappointed by the result.Unit 4 1.violent adj.暴力的，強(qiáng)暴的；猛烈的，劇烈的，強(qiáng)烈的

Children shouldn’t be allowed to watch violent movies.a violent change a violent headache 2.in time 及時；最后，終于

The ambulance got there just in time.He learnt to accept his step mother in time.3.cool down=cool off 變涼，冷卻下來 4.fundamental adj.基礎(chǔ)的，基本的+to Hard-work is fundamental to success.5.presence n.在場，出席；存在，出現(xiàn)

Your presence is requested at the meeting.6.dissolve v.（使）溶解

Salt dissolves in water.Dissolve the salt in water.7.harmful n./adj.+to Smoking is harmful to your health.Smoking does harm to your health.8.multiply v.乘；迅速增加，成倍增加

multiply A by B

multiply A and B together Multiply 2 and 6 together and you get 12.2 multiplied by 6 is/makes/equals 12.9.remain v.剩余，剩下；留待，尚待+to do

link v.仍然是

After the big fire, very little of my house remained.It remains to be seen whether they will like the gift.What happened to the amber room remains a mystery.10.spread v./n.傳播

-spread-spread 11.lessen v.（使）縮小，變小，變少

The noise lessened as the plane got further away.His behaviour has lessened him in her eyes.12.cheer up（使）高興起來，振作起來

Cheer up!The news isn’t too bad.He took her to the party to cheer her up.13.now(that)conj.既然，由于

Now that John has arrived, we can begin.14.get/have the hang of sth.熟悉某物的用法

15.break out vi.（戰(zhàn)爭，恐慌，火災(zāi)等）突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)

Unit 5 1.rather than 而不是

I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than a coffee.2.baggage/luggage Un.行李

Two pieces of luggage have gone missing.3.chat v.閑談，聊天

My children spent hours chatting on the phone to their friends.What were you chatting about? 4.scenery Un.（某地、某國總的外景或外貌）

scene Cn.（Scenery的一部分，但還包括其中的人及其活動；也可指展現(xiàn)在眼前的情景）

The scene after the earthquake was horrible.view Cn.（從某處看到的景色）

The view from the top of the tower was very wonderful.5.surround v.圍繞，環(huán)繞，包圍，圍住

surround sb./sth.with…

Tall trees surround the lake.The lake is surrounded by/with tall trees.They have surrounded the building with police.6.measure v.測量，度量；有…的長度、大小、分量

A ship’s speed is measured in knots.This room measures 6 metres by 4.7.aboard prep./adv.在…上

He is already aboard the plane.We finally went aboard.8.settle down 舒適地坐下或躺下；定居下來過安定的生活

I settled down with a book.When are you going to get married and settle down? 9.manage to do=succeed in doing=be able to do 成功地做 10.with in prep.不出（時間、距離、范圍、限度）；在…之內(nèi)

You should receive a reply within 7 days.Is it within walking distance? 11.slight adj.輕微的，略微的

I woke up with a slight headache.slightly adv.略微，稍微

a slightly different version 12.confirm v.證實(shí)，進(jìn)一步確定，確認(rèn)，批準(zhǔn)

The experiment confirmed his theory.The president confirmed that he would visit France the following month.13.distance n.距離，間隔

What’s the distance from Changchun to Beijing? What’s the distance between Changchun and Beijing?

in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處，遠(yuǎn)方的

I saw smoke in the distance.14.downtown n.城鎮(zhèn)的商業(yè)中心區(qū)

adj.商業(yè)中心區(qū)的 adv.在商業(yè)中心區(qū)

I went downtown to do some shopping today.15.over 在…期間，經(jīng)過

Will you be at home over Christmas? Over the years he has become lazier and lazier.16.approximately adv.大約，大概

The hospital is approximately 5 kilometers from the station.17.nearby adj.在附近的adv.附近

My parents live nearby.18.terrify v.使恐懼，使十分害怕

Flying terrifies her.19.impress v.給…留下深刻印象；使…銘記

impress sth.on/upon sb.His honesty impresses her.He impresses her with his honesty.My father impressed on me the value of hard work.

第三篇：高中英語 Unit4 全單元教案必修三

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of stars Period 1 Warming up & Pre-reading Teaching aims: 1.Learn the new words.2.Talk about the science of stars Step 1 Words Learn the new words of this unit.Step 2 Warming up & lead in 1.Talk about science subjects T: Good morning/afternoon, everyone.What class do you have today? S1: Maths, English, Chinese, physics, history, and geology.T: What other subjects do you have in school? S2: Computer, chemistry, biology, music, PE, and politics.T: Which is your favourite? Why? S3: My favourite one is …because it’s very interesting/exciting/instructive/… S4: I like …best because …

2.Talk about universe and solar system T: Let’s follow this astronomer to learn about universe.How did the universe come into being? S1: After the “Big Bang”, the universe came into being.T: Do you know the solar system in the universe? What is it made up of? S2: The solar system contains eight planets and many comets and other objects.T: Can you name the eight planets? S3: The Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.T: Which planet do we live on? Can you describe what it looks like? S4: Earth.It supports a variety of life and 70% of the earth is covered with seas or oceans.T: Why does life only exist on the earth? S5: Because there is air and water on the earth.Step 3 Pre-reading Get the students to discuss the questions on page 25 with their partners.Then ask the students to tell their stories.Encourage them to tell different stories, If they don’t know any, tell them some.Read some stories to the students.Pangu separates the sky from the earth;The Biblical Account;India;Japan;Europe;Let them discuss in groups.Step4 Homework 1.Review the words of this unit.2.Preview the passage of “Reading”.3.Do page 27 Ex.3.Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of stars Period 2 Reading and Comprehending Teaching Aims: Enable the Ss to say something about astronomy Help the students to form a good habit of reading Cultivate the Ss' awareness of protecting the earth.Teaching Importance: How to improve the Ss'ability to understand how life began on the earth Teaching Methods: Task--based method Teaching Procedure: Step1.Warming up 1.Free talk 2.Review the words of Unit 4 by playing chess on the blackboard.Step2 Leading-in 1.Talk about some pictures.2.Watch a video and then ask the Ss to put the pictures on the screen into a right order.Step3 Reading Task 1 Skimming Read the passage quickly and join the main idea for each paragraph.Para.1a)The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth

Para.2 b)The development of plants and animals on the earth

Para.3 c)A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe

Para.4 d)The importance of water for life

Para.5 e)The formation of the earth

Task 2 Scanning Read the passage carefully and then fill in the blanks with different kinds of living things.Fill in the blanks with different kinds of living things.plantsanimals1________________Small plants in watershellfish and all sorts of fish2____________________insects4__________amphibians5__________7__________reptiles8__________dinosaurs9__________mammals green plants on land3________________forests6_________Task 3 Careful Reading: Finish the summary according to the text: After the “big bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of _______,it _______loudly with fire and rock, which were _____ to produce the_________, carbon dioxide and other gases.Then ________ grew.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with _____.Many millions of years later the first ________ began to appear on land.When the plants grew to forest, _____ appeared for the first time.They produced young generally by __________.When dinosaurs disappeared, ________ became more important.Task 4 Post Reading Discuss in groups.1.What problems have been caused by humans to the earth? 2.How to protect the earth and make it a better place to live on? Step 4 Homework 1.Search the Internet for the imformation of the development of life.2.Read the passage carefully and try to find out key points.Period 3 Reading(2)Teaching goals:

1.Learn the usage of some difficult words and expressions.2.Train the students’ ability to remove the difficulties while reading.Teaching important points:

Train the students’ ability to cooperate with others.Step 1 Revision 1.Check up the homework.2.Have a quiz of the words.Step 2.Language points 1.It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour.Which leads non-restrictive attributive clause.in time: sooner or later;eventually I will see him in time.In time(for sth/to do sth): not late She will be back in time to prepare dinner.In/out of time: in/not in the correct time 2.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.To come: serves as attributive She is the last person to do such a thing.Depend on: something might only happen or be true if the circumstances are right for it Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.3.…by laying eggs.lay-laid-laid-laying 放, 把......放在......;產(chǎn)卵 He laid his books on the desk.4.give birth to 1)生（孩子）She’s just given birth to a healthy baby girl.她剛剛生了個健康的女嬰。

2)產(chǎn)生

The extraordinary experience gave birth to his latest novel.這段奇特的經(jīng)歷促成了他的最新的一部小說的誕生。

5.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.prevent sth./ sb.(from)doing sth.制止(防止)某人(某物)做某事 Nothing can prevent this plan from being carried out.6.…the earth may become too hot to live on.地球可能會因此變得太熱而不適合生物的生存。The question is too hard to understand.Step 3 Homework 1.Recite Para 5 of this passage.2.Do Ex.1 and 3 on page63.3.Preview the grammar of this unit.Period 4 Grammar Teaching Aims: To learn about Noun Clauses as the Subject To discover useful structures.Step 1 Revision Check up the homework.Step 2 Preparation Show some sentences on the blackboard.a.A tree has fallen across the road.b.You are a student.c.To find your way can be a problem.d.Smoking is bad for you.e.“How do you do?” is a greeting.f.What she said is not yet known.g.That we shall be late is certain.h.It’s certain that we shall be late.T: What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? Or find its subject in each sentence.Step 3 Grammar

1.Give the students some time to find the sentences in the passage.The collect answers from the class.2.Show typical examples of how to make a subject clause.Guide the Ss to find out what changes we have to make when we make a sentence or combine two sentences using subject clause.Teacher shows the example and Ss write down the sentences.3.Turn to page 64.Read the following passage quickly and finish the eight sentences.Step4 Homework 1.Do Ex.2 and 3 on page 29.2.Finisg Ex.1 on page 64.3.Preview “Using languge”.Period 5 Using Language and speaking Step 1 Revision Check up the homework.Step 2 Reading---A visit to the moon 1.Play the tape for the Ss to listen.2.Read the passage carefully and then describe the three ways in which gravity changed for Li Yanping and how his weight changed.3.Find out the key points.Step 3 Speaking Speaking on page 31 What do you need if you travel to the moon? Sample: S1: Let’s think about what we would need to protect our skin if we visited the Moon.S2: I’d take some skin cream.That works very well when we go to the sea.S3: Yes, but it’s going to be much too hot to put cream on your skin on the Moon.S4: What’s more you get direct heat from the sun.There are no clouds on the Moon to protect you.S3: Oh dear, and I also have to carry oxygen around with me everywhere because there’s no oxygen on the Moon.S2: Why don’t we carry the oxygen on our backs in a tank? S1: Good idea, but won’t that hurt our skin? S4: I think it will.Why don’t we wear a spacesuit which has the possibility of protecting your skin and helping you carry the oxygen very easily? S1: A very good idea.We also need some sunglasses as the sun will be as bad for our eyes as for our skin.S3: That’s right.The helmet of the suit can have sunglasses you can use.S2: How will the suit protect our skin? S4: It’s so hot there so I suggest we design suit that can supply cold water so the wearer feels cool and hot water to warm us if we feel cold.S2: Great!So I won’t need sun cream after all.That’s good!Step4 Homework Finish the exercises of 《English Learners’ Lighthouse》.

第四篇：高中英語必修三知識點(diǎn)

學(xué)習(xí)知識容易，轉(zhuǎn)化成為能力很難;提出問題容易，得到圓滿答復(fù)很難;點(diǎn)評別人容易，身臨其境去做很難;指責(zé)同事容易，正確評價自己很難。下面小編給大家分享一些高中英語必修三知識，希望能夠幫助大家，歡迎閱讀!

高中英語必修三知識1

第一單元)starve

作不及物動詞，表示“餓死，挨餓”。

starve for=be starve of/for，表示“渴望獲得，迫切得到”。)plenty

作不可數(shù)名詞，只用于肯定句中，表示“充足，大量，富裕”，可做主語，賓語或表語。

做主語時，謂語動詞隨著 plenty 所指的單復(fù)數(shù)形式作相應(yīng)的變化。

plenty 也可作副詞，表示“充分地，十足地，好多”。

in plenty 表示“大量的，豐富，充?！笨勺鞅碚Z，定語，狀語。)satisfy

作及物動詞，表示“滿意，使?jié)M足”，直接跟賓語，若接 that 從句時，意思是“使相信”，從句前有間接賓語。

satisfy … with 以……滿足

be satisfied with 對……滿足

satisfy … for 向……償還

be satisfied to do sth 滿足于做某事)harm

作名詞，意為“損害”，不與不定冠詞連用，常與 do，come，mean 等動詞搭配。

do more harm than good 弊大于利

There ’ s no harm in(sb ’ s)doing sth=It does no harm for sb to do sth做某事無害處

作及物動詞，表示“損害，傷害”。)lead

作及物動詞，表示“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)”其賓語常接介詞短語或者副詞作賓補(bǔ)。

表示“影響，致使”時，后接介詞 to，也可以接不定式。

lead sb into 使某人陷入某種不良的狀態(tài)。

lead sb away 使盲從，常用于被動語態(tài)。

lead nowhere 毫無結(jié)果，對……不起作用。

lead up to sth 作為……準(zhǔn)備，導(dǎo)致。

lead sb by the nose 牽著某人的鼻子，完全操縱某人

lead a dog ’ s life 過困難的生活

lead sb believe that 使某人相信(假的事情或不確切的事情)

lead the way 帶路，帶頭

lead 作為名詞，give sb alead 給某人做出榜樣，提示某人)origin

是名詞，表示“起源，起因，出身”。

be of origin 起源于，出身于)event

是名詞，表示“事變，事件”，既可以指歷史上的，國際上的，國內(nèi)的大事件，也可以指日常事件 , 復(fù)數(shù)形式還可以指事態(tài)的發(fā)展和結(jié)局。

也可以指體育比賽中的“項(xiàng)目”。

常見詞組： at all events/in every event 總之，無論如何，不管怎樣

in the event 結(jié)果，終于 in the event of 萬一，如果，倘若 in that event 若果那樣的話)dress

作及物動詞，表示“給……穿衣”，后接人作賓語，也可以做不及物動詞，表示“穿上衣服，穿著衣服”。

dress up 穿上盛裝，打扮

dress 作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“衣服”;作可數(shù)名詞，表示“婦女及兒童的衣服”。

dress sth up 修飾，掩飾)trick

play a trick on sb=play sb a trick 開某人的玩笑，詐騙某人

do/turn the trick 達(dá)到(預(yù)期的)目的，獲得成功。

have a/the trick of doing sth(有)做……的習(xí)慣 / 癖好。

be up to tricks，be at one ’ stricks 玩鬼把戲，鬧惡作劇

trick 可以做動詞，trick sbinto doing 騙某人去做某事 trick sb out of …騙取某人)memory

是名詞，表示“記憶”時，接 for 而不接 of。

復(fù)數(shù)形式 memories 可表示往事。

in memory of 紀(jì)念，一般表示對死者的紀(jì)念。

lose one ’ s memory “失去記憶”，可能永遠(yuǎn)也想不起來;而 slip sb ’ s memory指一般想不起來，可能不知道什么時候又想起。

within one ’ s memory=within the memory of 表示“記憶所及的時間”。)gain

作及物動詞，表示“獲得”，指經(jīng)過努力取得有價值的東西或想要的東西。

也可以表示“增加，增進(jìn);(鐘，表)走得快”。

作不及物動詞，表示“獲得利益，增加，改善”。

作名詞表示“收獲，利益，增加”。常用的詞組有“ gain in 增加 gain over 說服 gain on sb/sth 趕上)gather

作及物動詞，意為“搜集，采集，恢復(fù)，積累，加速”。還可以表示“推斷，得出(印象，想法”后常接從句。

作不及物動詞，表示“聚集，群集”。

常用的詞組有： gather oneself together 振作精神 gather oneself up 集中全力，鼓起勇氣)admire

作及物動詞，只能接名詞或者代詞作賓語，不能接賓語從句。

admire to do 高興做 admire sb for sth 在某方面欽佩某人 admire at 對……感到羨慕，對……感到驚訝)forward

作副詞，表示“向前地，向未來”。

look forward to 盼望，期待 push one ’ s way forward 擠著向前走 come forward 走出來

put forward 提出 backward and forward 來回

forward 作形容詞，表示“在前面的，熱心參與的”。

作名詞，表示“(足球，曲棍球的)前鋒”。

作動詞，表示“轉(zhuǎn)遞，增進(jìn)，發(fā)送，提高”。)take place

表示“發(fā)生”有計劃的，有目的的，有準(zhǔn)備的發(fā)生，是不及物動詞，無賓語，不能用于被動語態(tài)。

區(qū)別 take place，happen，break out ：

take place 有計劃的發(fā)生，多指運(yùn)動，變化，進(jìn)步，會議，婚禮等。

happen 偶然發(fā)生或者意外事件的發(fā)生。

break out 表示“突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)出人意料，多指地震，火災(zāi)，火山，戰(zhàn)爭，疾病，瘟疫等的突然發(fā)生。

take one ’ s place 表示“代替某人，執(zhí)政，上臺”。

take the place of 表示“取代，代替”。)fool 的短語

make fool of 欺騙，捉弄 act/play the fool 瞎胡鬧，逗樂

fool around/about 無所事事，胡混 fool out of 騙走 fool away 把(時間)胡混掉 fool with胡擺弄)apologize

apologize to sb for doing sth 因?yàn)樽隽四呈孪蚰橙说狼?/p>

make an apology to sb for doing sth 道歉)drown

表示“淹死，淹沒，浸泡，沉浸于”。

drown one ’ s sorrow in drink 借酒消愁

drown sth out 淹沒)wipe

wipe sth from/off sth 把……從……上擦掉 / 擦凈。

wipe out 擦拭(盆，碗等的)內(nèi)部，除去，消滅，摧毀。

wipe over 再擦一遍。

wipe the floor with sb(在辯論中，競賽中)把某人打得一敗涂地。)weep

weep about 為……而哭泣 weep at 看到 / 聽到……而哭泣 weep away 一直哭

weep for/over 因……而哭泣 weep out 哭著抒發(fā)掉)forgive

作及物動詞，表示“原諒，赦免”，有時可以接雙賓語。

forgive sb for doing sth 原諒某人做某事)有關(guān) word 的短語：

give one ’ s word 許諾 break one ’ s word to 失信于 have a ward with sb和某人交談

have words with sb 和某人吵架 have word 聽到消息 eat one ’ s word 認(rèn)錯，道歉

go back on one ’ s word 食言 put in/say a good word for sb 為某人說好話相助

say the word 發(fā)指令，發(fā)信號 in short words 簡言之 in other words 換句話說

in a/one word 總之 word for word 逐字地，一字不差地 by word of mouth 口頭上

without a word 什么也沒說)有關(guān) breath 的短語：

catch one ’ s breath 屏息 drawn breath 歇口氣 drawn one ’ s first/last breath出生/ 死亡

get one ’ s breath 恢復(fù)正常呼吸 lose one ’ s breath 氣喘吁吁 save one ’ s breath不必浪費(fèi)口舌

take one ’ s breath away 使某人吃驚 waste one ’ s breath 白費(fèi)唇舌 out of/short ofbreath 喘不過氣，上氣不接下氣)set off

“出發(fā)，起程”，還可以表示“使爆炸，激發(fā)”。

有關(guān) set 的短語：

set up 建立，樹立，創(chuàng)立 set forth 出發(fā)，起程，公布 set out 開始，著手，出發(fā)

set about 著手，試圖，開始 set fire to 點(diǎn)火 set to doing sth 開始做某事

set … aside 把……放在一邊 set sth down 記下來 set … free 將……釋放)as though

表示“好像，似乎”，引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動詞多用于虛擬語氣。

如果 as though 從句中所敘述的情況是事實(shí)或有可能發(fā)生，也可用于陳述語氣。

其后面除了跟句子外，還可以跟名詞，動詞不定式，形容詞(短語)，介詞短語或分詞。

還可以表示感嘆語氣，來對某項(xiàng)建議、假設(shè)或推測表示不贊成，驚訝，不滿和厭惡等。

3.語法

情態(tài)動詞

定義 :

情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義 ,但要與動詞原形及其被動語態(tài)一起使用，給謂語動詞增添情態(tài)色彩，表示說話人對有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。

情態(tài)動詞后面加動詞原形。

分類：

情態(tài)動詞有四類：

①只做情態(tài)動詞： must,can(could),may(might),ought to

②可做情態(tài)動詞又可做實(shí)義動詞： need,dare

③可做情態(tài)動詞又可做助動詞： shall(should),will(would)

④具有情態(tài)動詞特征： have(had,has)to,used to

位置 :

情態(tài)動詞在句中放在謂語動詞之前 , 謂語動詞前若有助動詞 , 則在助動詞之前 , 疑問句中 , 情態(tài)動詞則在主語之前。

特點(diǎn)：

情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化 , 情態(tài)動詞后面跟的動詞需用原形 ,否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動詞后面加 “ not ”。個別情態(tài)動詞有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式 ,過去式用來表達(dá)更加客氣, 委婉的語氣 , 時態(tài)性不強(qiáng) , 可用于過去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。情態(tài)動詞屬非及物動詞，故沒有被動語態(tài)。

基本助動詞與情態(tài)助動詞最主要的區(qū)別之一是，基本助動詞本身沒有詞義，而情態(tài)助動詞則有自己的詞義，能表示說話人對有關(guān)動作或狀態(tài)的看法，或表示主觀設(shè)想。

除此之外，情態(tài)助動詞還有如下詞法和句法特征：)除 ought 和 used 以外，其他情態(tài)動詞后面只能接不帶 to 的不定式。如果我們把 ought to 和 used to看做是固定詞組的話，那么，所有情態(tài)動詞無一例外地只能接不帶 to 的不定式。)情態(tài)助動詞在限定動詞詞組總是位居第一。)情態(tài)助動詞用于第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時的時候，沒有詞形變化，即其詞尾無-s 形式。)情態(tài)動詞沒有非限定形式，即沒有不定式和分詞形式，也沒有相應(yīng)的動名詞。)情態(tài)助動詞的“時”的形式并不是時間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志。在不少場合，情態(tài)助動詞的現(xiàn)在時和過去時形式都可以表示現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)頃r間。)情態(tài)助動詞之間是相互排斥的，即在一個限定動詞詞組中只能出現(xiàn)一個情態(tài)助動詞，但有時卻可以與 have 和 be 基本助動詞連用。

用法

首先它是動詞，而且不同于行為動詞，行為動詞表示的是可以通過行為來表達(dá)的動作(如寫，讀，跑)，而情態(tài)動詞只是表達(dá)的一種想法(如能，也許，敢)。

用法是：情態(tài)動詞 + 行為動詞原形

情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義 , 表示說話人的情緒 , 態(tài)度或語氣的動詞 , 但不能單獨(dú)作謂語 , 只能和其他動詞原形構(gòu)成謂語。

情態(tài)動詞數(shù)量不多 , 但用途廣泛 , 主要有下列 :

can(could), may(might), must, need, ought to, dare(dared),shall(should), will(would),have(to),had better.功能

助動詞(auxiliary)主要有兩類：基本助動詞(primary auxiliary)和情態(tài)助動詞(modalauxiliary)?；局鷦釉~有三個： do, have 和 be;情態(tài)助動詞基本的有十四個： may, might;can, could;will,would;shall, should;must, need, dare,used to, ought to,had better上述兩類助動詞的共同特征是，在協(xié)助主動詞構(gòu)成限定動詞詞組時，具有作用詞的功能。)構(gòu)成否定式。)構(gòu)成疑問式或附加疑問式。)構(gòu)成修辭倒裝。)代替限定動詞詞組。

can 和 could 的用法

1.表示能力或客觀可能性，還可以表示請求和允許。

注意：① could 也可表示請求，語氣委婉，主要用于疑問句，不可用于肯定句，答語應(yīng)用 can(即 could不能用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的簡略答語中)。

② can 表示能力時，還可用 be able to 代替。

2.表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。(主要用在否定句、疑問句或驚嘆句中)

3.“ can(could)+ have + 過去分詞”的疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為懷疑或不肯定。

4.用在疑問句及否定句中，表示驚訝，不相信等。

5.cannot … tooenough 表示“無論怎樣……也不過分”，“越……越好”。

may 和 might 的用法

1.表示許可。

表示請求、允許時，might 比 may 的語氣更委婉一些，否定回答時(口語中常用)no , you can ’ t.or , yes,please 用 mustn ’ t 表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意(具有強(qiáng)烈禁止的意思)。

用 May I …征詢對方許可在文體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣。在日?？谡Z中，用 Can I … 征詢對方意見在現(xiàn)代口語中更為常見。

2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。

3.表示推測、可能(疑問句不能用于此意)。

4.“ may(might)+ have + 過去分詞”表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的推測。

must 和 have to 的用法

1.表示必須、必要。(must 表示主觀多一些而 have to 則表示客觀多一些)

回答 must 引出的問句時，如果是否定的回答，不能用 mustn ’ t，而要用 needn ’ t 或 don ’ t have to。

2.“ must be + 表語”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測，它的否定或疑問式用 can 代替 must。

3.“ must + have + 過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)常用在肯定句中，表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的推測。它的否定或疑問式用 can 代替 must。

4.have to 的含義與 must 相似，兩者往往可以互換使用，但 have to 有各種形式，隨 have 的變化而定。must 與have to 有下列幾點(diǎn)不同：

① must 表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而have to 則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。

② must 一般只表現(xiàn)在，have 則有更多的時態(tài)形式。

③ 二者的否定意義不大相同。

④ 詢問對方的意愿時應(yīng)用 must。

注意： have to 也可拼做 have got to。

dare 和 need 的用法

1.need 表示“需要”或“必須”，作情態(tài)動詞時，僅用于否定句或疑問句中，在肯定句中一般用 must, have to, ought to, 或should 代替。

注意： needn ’ t + 不定式的完成式“表示本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事”

2.Dare 作情態(tài)動詞時，主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用在肯定句中。

3.Dare 和need 常用作實(shí)義動詞，有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，所不同的是，作實(shí)義動詞時，在肯定句中，dare 后面通常接帶 to的不定式，在否定和疑問句中，dare 后面可接帶 to 或不帶 to 的不定式。

shall 和 should 的用法

一.shall 的用法：

1.shall 用于第一人稱，表示征求對方的意愿。

2.shall 用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵尽?/p>

3.shall 用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。

二.should 的用法：

1.should 表示勸告、建議、命令，其同義詞是 ought to;在疑問句中，通常用 should 代替 ought to。

should 的含義較多，用法較活，現(xiàn)介紹三種其特殊用法。

情態(tài)動詞 should 用于第一人稱時可以表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。

should 還可以用在 if 引導(dǎo)的條件從句，表示一件事聽起來可能性很小，但也不是完全沒有可能。相當(dāng)于“萬一”的意思。從句謂語由 should加動詞原形構(gòu)成，主句謂語卻不一定用虛擬語氣。

此外，Why(or How)+ should 結(jié)構(gòu)表示說話人對某事不能理解，感到意外、驚異等意思。意為“竟會”。

2.“ should + have + 過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)一般表示義務(wù)，表示應(yīng)該做到而實(shí)際上沒有做到，并包含一種埋怨、責(zé)備的口氣。

will 和 would 的用法

1.表示請求、建議等，would 比 will 委婉客氣。

2.表示意志、愿望和決心。

3.用“ will be ”和“ will(would)+ have +過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測，主要用于第二、三人稱。前者表示對目前情況的推測，后者表示對已經(jīng)完成的動作或事態(tài)的推測。

4.would 可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。would 表過去習(xí)慣時比 used to 正式，并沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣”的含義。

5.表料想或猜想。

ought to 的用法

1.ought to 表示應(yīng)該。

2.表示推測。注意與 must 表示推測時的區(qū)別：

He must be at home by now.(斷定他已到家)

He ought to be home by now.(不十分肯定)

This is where the oil must be.(比較直率)

This is where the oil ought to be.(比較含蓄)

3.“ ought to + have + 過去分詞”表示過去應(yīng)做某事而實(shí)際未做。

注意：在美國英語中，ought to 用于否定句和疑問句時，to 可以省略。

ought 和 should 的區(qū)別：

1.ought 語氣略強(qiáng)。

2.should 較常用。

3.ought 在美國英語中用的很少，而 should 卻相當(dāng)常用。

4.ought 屬正式用語。

used to，had better，would rather 的用法

1.used to 表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在已不存在，在間接引語中，其形式可不變。如：

He told us he used to play football when he was young.在疑問句、否定句、否定疑問句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，可有兩種形式：

疑問句

Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?

Used you to go to the same school as your brother?

否定句

I usedn ’ t to go there.I didn ’ t use to go there.usedn ’ t 亦可拼作 usen ’ t，但發(fā)音皆為 ['ju:snt]。

否定疑問句

Usen ’ t you to be interested in the theatre?

Didn ’ t you use to be interested in the theatre?

Had better 意為“最好”，后接不帶 to 的不定式。

注：① had best 與 had better 同意，但較少用。② You had better …用于同輩或小輩，對長輩不可用。

Would rather 意為“寧愿”，表選擇，后接不帶 to 的不定式。

由于 would rather 表選擇，因而后可接 than。

高中英語必修三知識2

第二單元)diet

作名詞，表示“日常飲食”。

be/go on diet 節(jié)食

作動詞，表示“節(jié)食“。)區(qū)別 energy，strength，power 和 force ：

energy 主要指人的精力，工作或活動的能力，自然界的能等。

power 主要指做一件事情所依靠的的能力，功能，人或機(jī)器等事物所潛在的或所發(fā)揮出來的力量，職權(quán)，權(quán)力或政權(quán)。

force 主要指自然界中的力量，暴力，勢力，說服力，壓力，法律，道德或情感的力量，軍事的力量。

strength 指一人或一物所含的內(nèi)在的力量，能用以從事，忍受，或抵抗很多事物。)balance

作名詞，表示“天平，秤;平衡，平穩(wěn)“。

be/hang in the balance 不確定的，尚未決定的keep one ’ s balance 保持平衡

on balance 考慮周全，總的來說

strike a balance 找出折中辦法，妥協(xié)

作動詞，表示“權(quán)衡，平衡”;balance A against B 權(quán)衡利弊。)sign

作名詞，表示“記號，符號，標(biāo)志，標(biāo)記，手勢，跡象，指示牌”等。

作動詞表示“簽名，簽署，示意，做手勢”。

in sign of 作為……的記號;表示……的。

make no sign of 沒有……的樣子(跡象)，沒有表示……

sign for 簽約應(yīng)聘或受雇

sign for sth 簽收某物

sign sb on/up 使某人簽約受雇

sign up(for sth)注冊參加(俱樂部，課程))sigh

sigh over … 為……嘆息

sigh for 想念，思念

sigh out/forth sth 邊嘆息邊說出……)slim

作形容詞，表示“苗條的，纖細(xì)的，小的”。

作動詞，表示“變細(xì)，減肥”。

slim down 減肥，縮減。)lie

作名詞，表示“謊言，謊話，假象”是可數(shù)名詞。

若表示說謊，只能使 tell lies 或者 tell a lie。

a white lie 無惡意的謊言

throw a lie in sb ’ s face 當(dāng)面斥責(zé)某人說謊

give the lie to 證明……不真實(shí)

live a lie 過騙人的生活

作動詞 , 表示“說謊”。

lie one ’ s way into/out of 靠撒謊得到某物

lie sb out of sth 從某人處騙取某物

lie in one ’ s teeth/throat 睜著眼睛說瞎話

lie lied lied 說謊

lie lay lain 位于，躺著，平方

lay laid laid 放置，產(chǎn)卵)rid

rid sb/sth of … 使某人或某物擺脫……

get rid of 擺脫，除出

be rid of=rid oneself of 除去，擺脫)amount

a large amount of 大量的(后跟不可數(shù)名詞)

no amount of 再多的……也不……

作不及物動詞，表示“總計，等于”后跟介詞 to。)debt

be in debt 欠債

be out of debt 不欠債

get/run into debt 負(fù)債

be deep/deeply/heavily in debt 負(fù)債累累

pay/back/repay one ’ s debt 償還債務(wù)

clear/pay off/wipe off one ’ s debt=get outof debt 還清債務(wù)

be in sb ’ s debt=be in debt to sb 欠某人的情，感激某人)區(qū)別 glare，gaze，stare，glance ：

glare 指怒視，強(qiáng)調(diào)敵對或者威脅的態(tài)度。

stare 指睜大眼睛出神地看，注視，瞪視，這種注視出于驚訝，好奇，羨慕，恐懼，有時是粗魯無禮的。

glance 指瞥視，匆匆一看。

gaze 指目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看，凝視，注視，這種注視是由于驚奇，喜歡或興趣所致。)limit

作動詞，limit … to … 把……限定在……范圍內(nèi)。

作名詞，常與介詞 to 連用。

形容詞 limited 表示“有限的，極少的，(見解)狹窄的”。)benefit

作動詞，表示“使……受益”。

benefit from/by … 從……中受益

be of benefit of 對……有益，對……有利)有關(guān) throw 的短語：

trow at 向……扔去 throw about 亂扔 throw off 扔開，擺脫 throw back 扔回 throw down 扔下，推翻throw sb over 背棄某人 throw oneself on/upon sb/sth 依賴 throw oneself into sth積極做某事)有關(guān) get 的短語：

1.get about(around)

(1)(能)到處走動，旅行。(2)(消息、謠言等)傳播，流傳。

2.get along

(1)離開(某地)。(2)相處，過日子，合得來。(3)進(jìn)展。

3.get away

(1)離開，逃離，逃走。(2)逃避責(zé)罰，免受處罰，受較輕處罰。

4.get back

(1)返回，回家。(2)取回，拿回，失而復(fù)得。

5.get down 下來，取下，放下，弄下，寫下，打下，吞下。

6.get down to(6doing)sth 開始做某事，認(rèn)真處理某事。

7.get in

(1)進(jìn)站，到達(dá)，回來。(2)請來。(3)插話。(4)收獲，收割。

8.get off

(1)起飛，動身，出發(fā)。(2)下班，下車。(3)從輕處罰，被放過。

9.get on

(1)上車。(2)進(jìn)行，進(jìn)展，過日子。(3)相處。

10.get out

(1)出來，出去，離開。(2)拿出，取出。(3)出版，發(fā)表。(4)泄漏，傳出。

11.get out of

(1)逃避，躲掉。(2)為了逃避工作，使說出(拿出等)。(3)放棄，戒除，停止。

12.get over

(1)走過，越過，渡過。(2)克服，戰(zhàn)勝。(3)恢復(fù)，痊愈。

13.get through

(1)做完，用完，吃完，看完。(2)通過(考試)，接通(電話)，度過(時間)。

14.get together 聚會，聯(lián)歡。

15.get up

(1)起床，起身。(2)打扮。(3)舉辦。

16.get doing

(1)繼續(xù)做某事。(2)開始做起某事來。

17.get done

(1)被……。(2)處于某種狀態(tài)。

18.get sb sth / get sth for sb sth / 為某人弄到某物。

19.get sb(sth)to.do sth 做某人(某事物)做某事。

20.get sb(sth)doing sth 使某人(某事物)(開始)起來。

21.get sth done 使某事被做。注：有時表示遭遇。

22.get to do sth

(1)開始做某事。(2)有機(jī)會做某事，設(shè)法做成某事。

高中英語必修三知識3

第三單元)bet

make a bet 打賭

place/put a bet on 在……下賭注

one ’ s best bet 最好的辦法

作動詞，表示“打賭，賭博”，后直接加賓語。

I bet(that)表示“我敢肯定”，相當(dāng)于 I am sure。

you bet 表示“肯定，沒問題”，相當(dāng)于 certainly。)scene

scene 表示“(戲劇，電影中的)一幕 / 一場，出事地點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)場，情景;風(fēng)景，布景”。

behind the scenes 在幕后;秘密地。

on the scene 在現(xiàn)場。

set the scene(for sth)作事前的現(xiàn)場描述，為……做準(zhǔn)備。

come on the scene 到現(xiàn)場。)stage

表示“舞臺，戲劇，階段”，可以表示“路程，一段路，(事故發(fā)生的)現(xiàn)場”。

be/go on the stage 當(dāng)演員，登臺演出

set the stage for sth 為某事做準(zhǔn)備。)tale

是可數(shù)名詞，表示“傳說，故事”。

tell its own tale 不言自喻，顯而易見。)permit

作動詞，后接名詞或者代詞，表示“允許，答應(yīng)”;也可以表示“使可能”。

后接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

后接動名詞，不能直接跟不定式。

分詞短語作狀語。

后不能跟從句。

permit of sth 認(rèn)可，容忍。

作名詞，表示“許可證，執(zhí)照，許可”。)account

作名詞，表示“敘述，報道，理由，賬目，戶頭”。

by/from all accounts 根據(jù)大家所說的。

give an account of 敘述，報道，說明。

作名詞，表示“認(rèn)為”時，后接復(fù)合賓語。

account for 表示“做出解釋，導(dǎo)致，是……的原因”，還可以表示“占，捕獲”。

常見的詞組：

out of account 不考慮 on all accounts/on every account 無論如何 on no account決不

take … into account/take account of … 對……加以考慮，顧及…… turn … to good account利用)jealous

be jealous of sb 嫉妒，唯恐某人被他人奪走。

be jealous of sth 妒忌，精心守護(hù)。)issue

作動詞，表示“發(fā)行，出版，發(fā)布“。

issue sb with sth 將某物發(fā)給某人。

issue in 導(dǎo)致。

作名詞，表示“流出，發(fā)行，(出版物的)期號，爭端”。

at issue 要考慮的，意見不同的。

take issue with sb(on/over/about)就某事論某人。)bow

bow at sb 朝某人鞠躬 bow to sb 鞠躬迎接某人

bow sb in/into 鞠躬迎入某人 bow sb out 鞠躬送走某人

bow to sth 順從某事

take a/one ’ s bow(演員)鞠躬謝幕(bow 作名詞)。)pretend

作及物動詞，后接動詞不定式，that 從句，名詞。

pretend to sth 表示“自以為有……”，后面接名詞，常指“學(xué)問，智慧，美德”。)有關(guān) trouble 的詞組：

get into trouble 陷入困境，惹麻煩 ask for/look for/borrow trouble 自找麻煩，自討苦吃

be a trouble to sb 對某人是個麻煩 be a trouble to do 干某事是件麻煩事

be in trouble 處于困境 get sb into trouble 使某人陷入困境 get out of trouble 擺脫困境

have trouble doing sth 做某事很費(fèi)力 make trouble 鬧事，搗亂 make trouble for sb給某人帶來麻煩 take the trouble to do sth=take the troublein doing sth 不辭勞苦地做某事 troublesb to do sth 麻煩某人做某事 trouble sb for sth 麻煩某人某事

3.語法

名詞性從句

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(Noun Clauses)。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組 ,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞

引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：

連詞： that(無任何詞意)

whether,if(均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性)

as if ,as though(均表示“好像”，“似乎”)

以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分

連接代詞： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.whichever,whomever

連接副詞： when, where, how, why

不可省略的連詞：

1.介詞后的連詞

2.引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比較：

whether 與 if 均為”是否”的意思。但在下列情況下，whether 不能被 if 取代：

1.whether 引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首

2.引導(dǎo)表語從句

3.whether 從句作介詞賓語

4.從句后有” or not ”

Whether he will come is not clear.大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以置于句末，用 it 充當(dāng)形式主語。

二.主語從句

作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞 that，whether，if 和連接代詞 what，who，which，whatever，whoever 以及連接副詞 how，when，where，why 等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。

有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語 it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：

(1)It + be + 名詞 + that 從句

(2)It + be + 形容詞 + that 從句

(3)It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that 從句

(4)It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句

另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do ”，常用的句型有：

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that …

It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.)that …

It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that …

三、賓語從句

名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。

1.由連接詞 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

由連接詞 that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that 在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時 , 第二個分句前的 that不可省

注意：在 demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“(should)+ 動詞原形”。

2.用 who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever,whatever,whichever 等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。

3.用 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether 與 if在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用 whether，不用 if ：

a.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時;b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時;c.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時;d.從句后有“ or not ”時;e.后接動詞不定式時。

4.注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態(tài)。

當(dāng)主句動詞是過去時態(tài)(could, would除外)，從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時等;當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。

5.think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中?/p>

四、表語從句

在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用 as if 引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+ 系動詞 + that 從句。

需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是 reason 時，表語從句要用 that 引導(dǎo)而不是 because。

【注意】 whether 可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的 if 卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。

五、同位語從句

同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由 that 引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有 advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word 等。

同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：

that 作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略;that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。

試比較下面兩個例句 :

I had no idea that you were here.(that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略)

Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancientGreece ?(that 引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略)

六、名詞性 that-從句)由從屬連詞 that 引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性 that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性 that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：

主語： That he is still alive is sheer luck.他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。

賓語： John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。

表語： The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事實(shí)是近來誰也沒有見過他。

同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recentlydisturbs everyone in hisoffice.近來誰也沒有見過他，這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安。

形容詞賓語： I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你對工作滿意我感到很高興。)That-從句作主語通常用 it 作先行詞，而將 that-從句置于句末，例如：

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整個計劃注定要失敗。

It ’ s a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。

用 it 作形式主語的 that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：

a.It + be + 形容詞 + that-從句

It is necessary that …　有必要……

It is important that …　重要的是……

It is obvious that …　很明顯……

b.It + be +-ed 分詞 + that-從句

It is believed that …　人們相信……

It is known to all that …　從所周知……

It has been decided that …　已決定……

c.It + be + 名詞 + that-從句

It is common knowledge that ………是常識

It is a surprise that …　令人驚奇的是……

It is a fact that …　事實(shí)是……

d.It + 不及物動詞 + that-分句

It appears that …　似乎……

It happens that …　碰巧……

It occurred to me that …　我突然想起……

七、名詞性 wh-從句)由 wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性 wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,.whose, whoever, what,whatever,which, whichever 等連接代詞和 where, when, how, why 等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語和間接賓語等，例如：

主語： How the book will sell dependson its author.書銷售如何取決于作者本人。

直接賓語： In one ’ s own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以隨心所欲。

間接賓語： The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱樂部將給得勝者設(shè)獎。

表語： My question is who will takeover president of the Foundation.我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。

賓語補(bǔ)足語： She will name him whatever she wants to.她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。

同位語：　 I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么時候回來。

形容詞賓語： I ’ m not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請。

介詞賓語：　 That depends on where we shall go.那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞 it 做形式主語，而將 wh-從句置于句末，例如：

It is not yet decided who will do that job.還沒決定誰做這項(xiàng)工作。

It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他們何時結(jié)婚依然不明。

八、if, whether 引導(dǎo)的名詞從句)yes-no 型疑問從句

從屬連詞 if, whether 引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，因此也分別被稱為 yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和 wh-從句的功能相同，例如：

主語： Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.這一計劃是否可行還有等證實(shí)。

賓語： Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。

表語： The point is whether we should lend him the money.問題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢給他。

同位語： They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他們調(diào)查他是否值得信賴。

形容詞賓語： She ’ s doubtful whether weshall be able to come.她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。

介詞賓語： I worry about whether he canpass through the crisis of his illness.我擔(dān)心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。)選擇性疑問從句

選擇性疑問從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞 if/whether … or 或 whether … or not 構(gòu)成，例如：

Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish.請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。

I don ’ t care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。

if 和 whether 的區(qū)別：

1、在動詞不定式之前只能用whether。

2、在 whether …… ornot 的固定搭配中。

3、在介詞后，只能用whether。

4、賓語從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時，只能用 whether。

5、用 if 會引起歧義時，只用 whether。

九、否定轉(zhuǎn)移

1)將 think,believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。注意：若謂語動詞為 hope, 賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。

2)將 seem,appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。

3)有時將動名詞，介詞短語或整個從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷χ^語動詞的否定。

4)有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動詞前。

高中英語必修三知識點(diǎn)

第五篇：【英語】高中英語新課標(biāo)必修三_Unit_1優(yōu)秀教案

普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書（人教版）

英語必修Ⅲ

Unit1 Festivals around the world(Reading)

Festivals and Celebrations

學(xué)生姓名：趙倩倩

Unit 1 Festivals around the world

Ⅰ.Analysis of teaching material

At the beginning of the class, the teacher can lead in the topic of the unit by having a free talk with students about their winter holidays and the Spring Festival.The Warming Up is intended to have students start thinking about the variety of events and festivals that are celebrated in China, and connect them with seasons of the year and reasons for the celebrations.The teacher can use this part to introduce information that Chinese students should have about their country’s cultural events.The Pre-reading is a continuation of the Warming Up and it moves the discussion to a more personal level.It is intended to help students enter imaginatively into a discussion of festivals and their importance to the society.It also directs their attention to the variety of events and activities those festivals include.The teacher should let students discuss the questions and predict what kind of information will be introduced in the Reading.The reading passage titled FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS briefly describes the earliest kinds of festivals with the reasons for them, and then four different kinds of festivals that occur in most parts of the world.Encourage students to look at the pictures and the heading of each section to guess what the text might be about.Then let them skim for the general idea for each section, and scan for further understanding.Because this passage introduces a lot of useful new words and expressions which are only used for festivals, in order not to let students feel much difficult, the teacher should deal with any language problems while they are reading.After reading, students are required to do the four exercises in the Comprehending to see how much they have understood the reading passage.The teacher can first let them work in pairs or in groups to find the answers cooperatively, and then check their answers with the whole class.To consolidate the contents of the reading passage, students should be required to talk about festivals in their own words at the end of the class.In order to arouse students’ interest, the teacher can hold a competition between groups.Ⅱ.Teaching aims

1.Knowledge aims

1).Get students to learn the useful new words and expressions in this part: beauty, harvest, starve, origin, religious, ancestor, Mexico, feast, bone, belief, poet, arrival, gain, independence, gather, agriculture, award, rooster, admire, energetic, Easter, clothing, Christian, custom, take place, in memory of, dress up, play a trick on, look forward to, day and night, as though, have fun with 2).Let students learn about history and basic knowledge of festivals both in and out of China.2.Ability aims 1).Develop students’ reading ability and let them learn different reading skills.2).Enable students to talk about festivals and celebrations.3.Emotional aims 1).Stimulate students’ love for their own national culture and customs.2).Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning.Ⅲ.Teaching methods: 1.Explanation to get the students to have a clear idea.2.Discussion to get the students to understand the text easier.Ⅳ.Teaching Aids:

A computer and a tape recorder

Ⅴ.Teaching important and difficult points 1.Important points 1).Let students learn more about history and basic knowledge of festivals.2).Get students to learn different reading skills.2.Difficult points 1).Develop students’ reading ability.2).Enable students to talk about festivals and celebrations.Ⅵ.Teaching procedure →Step 1 Leading-in Have a free talk with students.Ask them the following questions: Did you have a good time in your winter holidays? When did you feel most happy and excited? Why?(At the Spring Festival.Because it’s the most important festival in our country...)→Step 2 Warming up

1.Let students brainstorm the other Chinese festivals.(Lantern Festival, Pure Brightness Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, New Year’s Day, Chung Yeung Festival...)

2.Let students read the information about Chinese festivals below and discuss another three Chinese festivals: When does the festival come? What do people celebrate? What do people do? Festivals Date Festivals Date New Year January 1st Teachers’ Day September 10th International March 8th National Day October 1st Women’s Day Arbor Day March 12th The Spring Festival Lunar New Year International Labor May 1st Dragon Boat the fifth day of the fifth Day Festival lunar month International Children’s Day Army Day June 1st August 1st Mid-Autumn Festival

Lantern Festival Pure Day Chinese Youth Day May 4th

the 15th day of the 8th lunar month

the 15th day of the 1st lunar month

Brightness April the fifth

3.Ask students to fill in the following form and ask some to share their opinions with the whole class.The first one is given as an example.Festivals Time of year/date What it celebrates What people do Mid-Autumn autumn/fall the beauty of the give/eat moon Festival full moon, harvest, cakes and watch

time with family the full moon with and friends family and friends

4.Talk about some foreign festivals with students.(Christmas, April Fools’ Day, Easter, Halloween, Valentine’s Day, Thanksgiving Day,...)→Step 3 Pre-reading 1.Let students discuss the following questions: What festivals or celebrations do you have in your city or town? What part of a festival do you like best—the activities, the music, the sights, the food or the people who visit? 2.Ask students to look at the pictures and title of the passage in Reading.Discuss in pairs what kind of information will be introduced in the passage.→Step 4 Reading

1.Fast reading Ask students to skim the reading passage and then fill in the following chart.Kinds of Festivals Names of Festivals Countries Festivals

Festivals

Harvest

Spring

(Let students look through the chart and then read the text silently.Three minutes later, check the answers with the whole class.Show the suggested answers on the screen.)2.Intensive reading Allow students to read carefully this time to understand the main ideas of each paragraph and the important details, and then finish the following: 1)Choose the best answer to each question or to finish each sentence according to the text.(1)Why do Japanese people light lamps during the Festival of the Dead? A.Because they want to make the festival colorful.B.Because they want to light up their rooms.C.Because they want to light up their way.D.Because they want to lead their ancestors to return to earth.(2)Which of the following was not mentioned as a famous person in the text? A.Mohandas Gandi.B.Christopher Columbus.C.Abraham Lincoln.D.Qu Yuan.(3)The place where people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruits is ______________.A.India B.America C.Europe D.China(4)Easter is held in memory of the return of Jesus for Christians and also celebrates ______________.A.the coming of spring B.the autumn harvest C.the Lunar New Year D.the end of a year Suggested answers:(1)D(2)C(3)C(4)A 2)Use the information from the reading passage to answer the following questions.(1)What are festivals of the dead usually for?(2)What makes autumn festivals happy events?(3)What do people usually do at spring festivals?(4)What is one important reason to have festivals and celebrations?(5)Compare the festivals of the dead in Mexico, Japan and China.What things are similar? What things are different? 3.Reading and discussion Read the text a third time and then work in pairs to do the following.1)Based on the reading passage, what do most festivals seem to have in common? Why do you think these things might be important to people everywhere? Talk with your partner and fill in the chart below.Three common things Reasons why they are important to people everywhere 1.2.3.2)Discuss in pairs which festivals you think are the most important and which are the most fun.Then fill in the chart with your ideas.Type of festival Example of festival Reasons for your

choice Most important

Most fun

(Let students have enough time to read the passage carefully and discuss the questions and charts with their partners.Encourage them to expand their answers according to their own experiences.)4.Explanation Help students analyze some difficult, long and complex sentences and guess the meanings of some new words.Encourage them to try to deal with the language points in the context.Discuss the following important sentences and phrases in the passage.1)Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.2)In memory of 3)India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.4)People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.5)The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.6)The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.Suggested explanations: 1)The sentence contains a non-restrictive attributive clause who might return either to help or to do harm.It means people hold some festivals either to show respect to the dead or to make their ancestors happy in case they might come back to do harm.2)In memory of: serving to recall sb., to keep him fresh in people’s minds He wrote a poem in memory of his dearest wife, who died in an accident.in honor of: showing great respect or high public regard 3)The leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain: a noun phrase followed by an attributive clause as the appositive 4)two clauses for reason 5)energy n.→ energetic adj.: full of or done with energy look forward to: “to” is a preposition here.I’m looking forward to hearing from you.be devoted to;be/get used to;get down to;stick to...6)covered with cherry tree flowers: a past participle phrase equal to “which is covered with cherry tree flowers” as though: as if He talks as though he knew all about it.He looks as if he had seen a ghost.5.Reading aloud and underlining Ask students to read the passage aloud to the tape and let them pay attention to the pronunciation of each new word and the pauses within each sentence.Tell them to pick out all the useful expressions or collocations from the passage while reading and copy them to the notebook after class as homework.→Step 5 Consolidation

Ask students to talk about festivals in their own words according to the text.Then let them complete the following passage with proper words or phrases.There are all kinds of festivals and ______________ around the world, which are held for different ______________.The ancient festivals were mainly held at three times a year—the end of the cold ______________, planting in spring and ______________ in autumn.Some festivals are held to ______________ the dead or ______________ the ancestors, who might return either to help or ______________, while other festivals are held to honor famous people or to the ______________, such as Dragon Boat Festival, Columbus Day, and so on.Harvest and ______________ festivals are happy events because their food is ______________ for the winter and the ______________ work is over, to which Mid Autumn Festival belongs.And the most ______________ and important festivals are the ones that ______________ the end of winter and to the coming of ______________ such as the Lunar New Year, at which people have a very ______________.Suggested answers: celebrations;reasons;weather;harvest;honor;to satisfy;to do harm;gods;Thanksgiving;gathered;agricultural;energetic;look forward to;spring;good time →Step 6 Homework

1）Preview the next part about reading to get the main idea.2)Translate these sentences into English:（People usually do at the Spring Festival）1 大掃除迎新年的到來。（do some cleaning）2 除夕夜放鞭炮。(set off firecrackers)3孩子們穿上新衣服。(dress up)4互相拜訪親戚或朋友。(visit relatives)5 北方人喜歡吃餃子。(dumpling)6家長給孩子們壓歲錢。(lucky money in red packets)3)Write a passage:

My favourite festival-the Spring Festival 參考寫作內(nèi)容:

春節(jié)是中國最重要的節(jié)日, 它不僅是慶祝農(nóng)歷新年的到來, 也是家人團(tuán)聚的時候。除夕之夜，人們穿著漂亮的新衣服，與家人團(tuán)聚并一起在家里吃豐盛的年飯。午夜，人們會放鞭炮迎接新年的到來。在春節(jié)期間，人們互相拜訪親戚或朋友。大人習(xí)慣上要給孩子們壓歲錢，祝福孩子們新年好運(yùn)。在許多地方，人們放炮竹。但是在一些城市，放炮竹已經(jīng)被禁止了。孩子們非常盼望過新年，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢猿悦牢兜臇|西，穿上新衣服，開心地玩耍。更重要的是，他們可以得到父母、親戚的壓歲錢?！鶶tep 8.Reflection

Ⅶ.Blackboard design

Unit 1 Festivals around the world

Festivals and Celebrations Kinds of Festivals Festivals Festivals Harvest Spring

Names of Festivals

Countries