第一篇：法律常見翻譯

法律常見詞匯——be liable for;be liable to 轉載▼

法律常見詞匯——be liable for;be liable to be liable for;be liable to 釋義: 對……應負有責任, be responsible in accordance with law 用法: be liable for sth.;be liable to sb.例1 Should the carrying vessel has arrived at the port of shipment as advised and the Seller fails to have the quantity of the goods ready for loading in time as specified, the Seller shall be liable for any dead freight or demurrage.注釋:（1）the carrying vessel：買方船只，即承運船只

（2）fails to have the quantity of the goods ready for loading in time as specified：不能按規定的時間備妥貨物以待裝船

（3）the Seller shall be liable for any dead freight or demurrage：則（由此而產生的）空艙費及滯期費應由賣方負擔 dead freight：空艙費；demurrage：滯期費

參考譯文：

如果買方船只按照到達裝運港，而賣方不能按規定的時間備妥貨物以待裝船，則由此而產生的空艙費及滯期費應由賣方負擔。

例2 Party A shall not, under this guarantee, be liable for any direct or indirect loss whatsoever arising out of any defect in the parts or components thereof.注釋：

（1）under this guarantee：根據本擔保

（2）be liable for any direct or indirect loss：承擔任何直接或間接損失的賠償責任 參考譯文：

根據本擔保，甲方不應承擔因零部件缺陷而引起的任何直接或間接損失的賠償責任。例3 A company may invest in other limited liability companies or companies limited by shares and be liable to the companies which it has invested in to the extent of the amount of capital invested in such companies.注釋：

（1）invest in other limited liability companies or companies limited by shares：向其他有限責任公司、股份有限公司投資

（2）to the extent of the amount of capital invested in such companies：以該出資額為限 參考譯文：

公司可以向其他有限責任公司、股份有限公司投資，并以該出資額為限對所投資公司承擔責任。

例4 If the share prospectus, measures for offer of corporate bonds, financial or accounting report, listing report document, annual report, interim report or ad hoc report announced by an issuer or securities underwriting company contain or contains any falsehood, misleading statement or major omission, thus causing losses to investors in the course of securities trading, the issuer or the company shall be liable for the losses and the responsible director(s), supervisor(s)and /or the manager of the issuer or the company shall be jointly and severally liable for such losses.注釋：

（1）share prospectus：招股說明書

（2）measures for offer of corporate bonds：公司債券募集辦法（3）financial or accounting report：財務會計報告（4）listing report document：上市報告文件（5）annual report：年度報告

（6）interim report：臨時報告，亦稱中期報告（7）ad hoc report：臨時報告

（8）an issuer or securities underwriting company：發行人、承銷的證券公司

（9）shall be jointly and severally liable for such losses：應當承擔各自的連帶賠償責任 參考譯文：

發行人、承銷的證券公司公告招股說明書、公司債券募集辦法、財務會計報告、上市報告文件、年度報告、中期報告、臨時報告，存在虛假記載、誤導性陳述或者有重大遺漏，致使投資者在證券交易中遭受損失的，發行人、隨銷的證券公司應當承擔賠償責任，發行人、承銷的證券公司負有責任的董事、監事、經理應當承擔各自的連帶賠償責任。

例5 After arrival at the destination port of Party A, the machinery shall be assembled by Party A itself.When Party A believes it is necessary to get the technical assistance from Party B, Party B shall send its technicians to provide technical guidance on the site and other required technical assistance during the assembling of key parts of the machinery.Party B shall be liable for the losses incurred in the course of assembling due to the technical default.注釋：

（1）the destination port of Party A：甲方口岸（目的港）

（2）the machinery shall be assembled by Party A itself：設備由甲方自行安裝（3）the technical assistance from Party B：乙方的技術服務（4）to provide technical guidance on the site：進行現場指導

（5）during the assembling of key parts of the machinery：在主要設備安裝過程中

（6）Party B shall be liable for the losses incurred in the course of assembling due to the technical default：在安裝過程中由于技術上的問題所造成的損失由乙方負責

參考譯文：

設備到達甲方口岸后，由甲方自行安裝。但在主要設備安裝過程中，甲方認為需要時，乙方必須派出技術人員進行現場指導，提供必要的技術服務；在此過程中由于技術上的問題所造成的損失由乙方負責。

例6 If, in accordance with the Contract, Party B fails to make purchase of the products of compensation trade and Party A fails to deliver the products in question, either Party shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Contract, be liable for a breach of Contract, and shall indemnify for all the economic losses.注釋：

（1）Party B fails to make purchase of the products of compensation trade：乙方未能按合同規定購買補償貿易商品

（2）Party A fails to deliver the products in question：甲方未能按合同提供商品時（3）be liable for a breach of Contract：承擔違約責任

（4）indemnify for all the economic losses：賠償由此造成的經濟損失

參考譯文：

如乙方未能按合同規定購買補償貿易商品或甲方未能按合同提供商品時，均應按合同條款承擔違約責任，賠償由此造成的經濟損失。

例7 The Contractor shall, under the provisions of Clause 82 on the obligations of the Contractor, be liable for any loss or damage to the Works during the execution and operation of the Works.注釋：（1）under the provisions of Clause 82 on the obligations of the Contractor：按照第82條對承包人責任的規定

（2）any loss or damage to the Works：對工程的任何損失或損壞

（3）during the execution and operation of the Works：在施工及作業過程中

參考譯文：

按照第82條對承包人責任的規定，承包人亦應對其在施工及作業過程中造成的對工程的任何損失或損壞承擔責任。

例8 Unless such defect, shrinkage or other fault is the one for which the Contractor is liable under the Contract, the Engineer shall, after due consultation with the Employer and the Contractor, determine the amount in respect of the costs of such search incurred by the Contractor.The amount in question shall be added to the Contract Price and the Engineer shall notify the Contractor accordingly, with a copy to the Employer.注釋：

（1）such defect, shrinkage or other fault：缺陷、收縮或其它不合格之處

（2）for which the Contractor is liable under the Contract：按合同規定，……屬承包商的責任（3）after due consultation with the Employer and the Contractor：與業主和承包人充分協商之后

（4）determine the amount in respect of the costs of such search incurred by the Contractor：確定承包人由于上述調查所支出的費用總額

（5）the amount in question shall be added to the Contract Price：應將其增加到合同總價中（6）the Engineer shall notify the Contractor accordingly, with a copy to the Employer：工程師應相應通知承包人，并將一份副本呈交業主

參考譯文：

除非按合同規定，上述缺陷、收縮或其它不合格之處應屬承包商的責任，否則工程師應在與業主和承包人充分協商之后，確定承包人由于上述調查所支出的費用總額，并應將其增加到合同總價中，工程師應相應通知承包人，并將一份副本呈交業主。

例9 If such defect, shrinkage or other fault is the one for which the Contractor is liable, the cost of the Work carried out in searching as aforesaid shall be borne by the Contractor.Provided that, in such case, the Contractor shall, in accordance with the provisions of Clause 82, remedy such defect, shrinkage or other fault at his own cost.注釋：

（1）for which the Contractor is liable：……是承包人的責任

（2）remedy such defect, shrinkage or other fault at his own cost：自費修補上述缺陷、收縮或其它不合格之處

參考譯文： 如上述缺陷、收縮或其它不合格之處是承包人的責任，則上述有關調查工作的費用應由承包人承擔。在此種情況下，承包人應按第82條規定自費修補上述缺陷、收縮或其它不合格之處。

例10 The Employer shall not be liable to the Contractor for the matter or thing arising out of or in connection with the Contract or execution of the Works, unless the Contractor has included a claim in respect thereof in his Final Statement and in the statement at completion referred to in Sub-Clause 92.5.注釋：

（1）the Employer shall not be liable to the Contractor for…：業主不應對承包人（就……）負有責任（2）unless the Contractor has included a claim in respect thereof in his Final Statement and in the statement at completion referred to in Sub-Clause 92.5：除非承包人在其最終報表中以及在第92.5款提及的竣工報表中已經包括索賠事宜

參考譯文：

除非承包人在其最終報表中以及在第92.5款提及的竣工報表中已經包括索賠事宜，對由合同及工程實施引起的或與之有關的任何問題和事件，業主不應對承包人負有責任。

第二篇：常見文言文字詞翻譯

常見文言文字詞翻譯

汝——你

予 ——我；給

夫——那；句首發語詞；丈夫；成年男子的通稱，人

奉——通“俸”侍奉；接受、奉行；供養

妻子——妻子和孩子

曰——說

睡——坐寐，即坐著打瞌睡

股——大腿

謗——指公開批評錯誤

愛——古代有兩個常用義項，一是親愛義，古今相同;一是吝惜義，今已消失 謫——貶官

謝——感謝；道歉

雖——雖然；即使

慍——怨恨

遂——于是就

故——特意；緣故

旦——早晨

儼然——整齊的樣子

乳——喂奶

絕境——與世隔絕的地方

交通——交錯相通

鮮美——鮮嫩美麗

持——憑借，依靠

良——真、實在蕃——多

辭——推辭；語言

策——馬鞭；鞭打、驅使；記錄；計謀

鵠——天鵝

安——怎么；養

卑——低下；身份低微

進——在朝廷上做官

退——不在朝廷上做官

去——放棄；距離；離開

方——面積

以——所以；認為；因為

暝——昏暗

居——停留

第三篇：常見作文短語翻譯

作文短語庫

16.警示 set the alarm bell ringing/ warn sb of

17.危害 do/cause damage to /endanger wildlife/destroy the balance of ecology

18.結束put an end to sth/ end/ stop/ get rid of sth

19.道德 It’s a traditional virtue/ It’s im(moral)to do sth

20.關愛, 照顧care for/ attend to/take care of

22.彷徨 feel at loss/at sea/ be caught /be stuck/trapped in a dilemma/stand at a crossroads

23.技能 acquire skills/ polish up writing skills/ develop problem-solving skills/develop a high

level of competence in communication skills

24.施壓put pressure on.減壓reduce /relieve one’s pressure

26.工作、就業 create a new job/ provide job training/ ensure better working conditions

27.回報 bring rewards to sb/ reward /repay sb for sth/ pay sb back/ a rewarding job/ It’s

worthwhile to do

28.習慣 form/develop the habit of /fall into/pick up/slide into the habit of gambling

29.沉溺 be addicted to/be absorbed in / be hooked on/ be buried in /

30.樂觀、悲觀 be positive/optimistic about;be pessimistic about life/ feel depressed

31.有益于 be beneficial to / to one’s advantage/

32優于 be superior to/ have an edge over

33.權衡 seek a balance A between B, weigh the advantages and disadvantages

34.危險 be at risk/ be endangered/

35.掌握 have a better understanding of / have a thorough understanding of /grasp sth

36.利用 make better/full use of / make the most of /take advantage of

37.思考/考慮 reflect on/ give thought to /rethink sth / think sth over/ take sth into consideration

38.使….產生 bring about/ give rise to/ contribute to/ lead to/result in

39.為了 for the sake of /for the benefit of / in the interest of sb/sth

40.堅持 stick to points/ hold on /fast to the dream/

41.追求 seek after/ long for sth / pursuit dreams

42.牢記 bear/keep sth in mind

43展現,發揮 bring out one’s character/ display one’s potential

44熱情/喜愛 be enthusiastic about/ be keen on / have a passion for/be fond of43 執行 carry out / put sth into practice /

44.完成,實現 achieve success/ realize goals/ fulfill dreams

生效(law)come into effect/take effect/

46確保guarantee sb sth/ensure a secure job

47應付,處理 wrestle with/deal with/cope with /see to

attend/ address/solve/handle the problem

48.旨在,意在 be intended to do /be meant to do / be aimed at doing/

49.鑒于 in view of / in the light of / considering that

50.盡管 In spite of.despite the fact that …

第四篇：常用常見職稱翻譯匯總

1.研究系統職稱翻譯

研究員[正高]

professor , professor +學科

副研究員[副高]

associate professor;associate professor of 學科

助理研究員[中]

research associate

研究實習員[初]

research assistant

2.大學教師系列職稱翻譯

教授[正高]

professor

副教授[副高]

associate professor;associate professor of 學科

講師[中]

lecturer

助教[初]

assistant

3.中等專業學校、技工學校教師系統職稱翻譯

高級講師[副高]

senior lecturer

講師[中]

lecturer

助理講師[初]

assistant lecturer

教員[初]

teacher

高級實習指導教師[副高]senior instructor

一級實習指導教師[中]first-grade instructor

二級實習指導教師[初]second-grade instructor

三級實習指導教師[初]third-grade instructor

4.中學教師系列職稱翻譯

中學高級教師[副高] 可譯為 senior teacher(secondary school)

中學一級教師[中]first-grade teacher(secondary school)

中學二級教師[初]second-grade teacher(secondary school)

中學三級教師[初]third-grade teacher(secondary school)

5.小學教師系列職稱翻譯

小學高級教師[中] senior teacher(primary school)

小學一級教師[初]first-grade teacher(primary school)

小學二級教師[初] second-grade teacher(primary school)

小學三級教師[初]third-grade teacher(primary school)

6.工程技術系列職稱翻譯

教授級高級工程師[正高]professor of engineering

高級工程師[副高]senior engineering或associate professor of engineering

工程師[中]engineer

助理工程師[初]assistant engineer

技術員[初]technician 7.實驗系列職稱翻譯

高級實驗師[高] senior lab master

實驗師[中]lab master

助理實驗師[初]assistant lab master

實驗員[初]laboratory technician

8.農業技術系列職稱翻譯

高級農藝師[高]senior agronomist

農藝師[中]agronomist

助理農藝師[初]assistant agronomist

農業技術員[初]agricultural technician

9.圖書資料系列職稱翻譯

研究館員[正高]professor of library science

副研究館員[副高] associate professor of library science

館員[中]librarian

助理館員[初]library assistant

管理員[初]clerk

10.檔案系列職稱翻譯

研究館員[正高]professor of archives science

副研究館員[副高]associate professor of archives science

館員[中]archivist

助理館員[初]assistant archivist

管理員[初]file clerk

11.文物博物系列職稱翻譯

研究館員[正高]professor of relics and museology

副研究館員[副高]associate professor of relics and museology

館員[中] museologist

助理館員[初] assistant museologist

文博管理員[初]conservator

12.衛生技術系列職稱翻譯

主任醫師[正高] professor of medicine, professor of medical science

兒科主任醫師 professor of paediatrics

皮膚科主任醫師 professor of dermatology

副主任醫師[副高]associate professor of treatment,associate professor of +學科

主治醫師[中] doctor-in-charge

外科主治醫師surgeon-in-charge

眼科主治醫師 oculist-in-charge

兒科主治醫師 pediatrician-in-charge

內科主治醫師 physician-in-charge

婦科主治醫師 gyneco-logist-in-charge

皮膚科主治醫師 dermatol-ogist-in-charge

牙科主治醫師 dentist-in-charge

醫師[初]doctor,或 doctor+科別

醫士[初]assistant doctor

主任藥師[正高]professor of pharmacy

副主任藥師[副高]associate professor of pharmacy

主管藥師[中]pharmacist-in-charge

藥師[初]pharmacist

藥士[初]assistant pharmacist

主任護師[正高]professor of nursing

副主任護師[副高]associate professor of nursing

主管護師[中]nurse-in-charge

護師[初]nurse practitioner

護士[初]nurse或 nurse's aide

主任技師[正高]full senior technologist

副主任技師[副高]associate senior technologist

主管技師[中]technologist-in-charge

技師[初]technologist

技士[初]technician

13.新聞系列職稱翻譯

高級編輯[正高] full senior editor

主任編輯[副高]associate senior editor

編輯[中]editor

助理編輯[初]assistant editor

高級記者[正高]full senior reporter

主任記者[副高]associate senior reporter

記者[中]reporter

助理記者[初]assistant reporter

14.出版系列職稱翻譯

編審[正高]full senior editor

副編審[副高]associate senior editor

編輯[中]editor

助理編輯[初]assistant editor

技術編輯[中]technical editor

助理技術編輯[初]assistant technical editor

技術設計員[初]technical designer

一級校對[中]first-grade proofreader

二級校對[初]second-grade proofreader

三級校對[初]third-grade proofreader

15.翻譯系列職稱翻譯

譯審[正高]full senior translator

副譯審[副高]associate senior translator

翻譯[中]translator

助理翻譯[初]assistant translator

16.廣播電視播音系列職稱翻譯

播音指導[正高]director of announcing

主任播音員[副高]chief announcer

一級播音員[中]first-grade announcer

二級播音員[初]second-grade announcer

三級播音員[初]third-grade announcer

17.經濟系列職稱翻譯

高級經濟師[高] senior economist

經濟師[中]economist

助理經濟師[初] assistant economist

經濟員[初]economic clerk

18.會計系列職稱翻譯

高級會計師[高]senior accountant

會計師[中]accountant

助理會計師[初]assistant accountant

會計員[初]treasurer

19.統計系列職稱翻譯

高級統計師[高] senior statistician

統計師[中]statistician

助理統計師[初]assistant statistician

統計員[初]statistical clerk

20.律師系列職稱翻譯

一級律師[正高]“律師”first-grade lawyer

二級律師[副高]second-grade lawyer

三級律師[中]third-grade lawyer

四級律師[初]fourth-grade lawyer

律師助理[初]lawyer's assistant 21.公證系列職稱翻譯

一級公證員[正高] first-grade notary public

二級公證員[副高]second-grade notary public

三級公證員[中]third-grade notary public

四級公證員[初]fourth-grade notary public

公證員助理[初]notary's assistant

22.海關系列職稱翻譯

高級關務監督[高]senior customs supervisor

關務監督[中]customs supervisor

助理關務監督[初]assistant customs supervisor

關務員[初]customs clerk

23.航空飛行系列職稱翻譯

一級飛行員[高]first-grade pilot

二級飛行員[中]second-grade pilot

三級飛行員[初]third-grade pilot

四級飛行員[初]fourth-grade pilot

一級領航員[高]first-grade navigator

二級領航員[中]second-grade navigator

三級領航員[初]third-grade navigator

四級領航員[初]fourth-grade navigator

一級飛行通信員[高]first-grade flight radioman

二級飛行通信員[中]second-grade flight radioman

三級飛行通信員[初]third-grade flight radioman

四級飛行通信員[初]fourth-grade flight radioman

一級飛行機械員[高]first-grade flight engineer

二級飛行機械員[中]second-grade flight engineer

三級飛行機械員[初]third-grade flight engineer

四級飛行機械員[初]fourth-grade flight engineer

24.船舶技術系列職稱翻譯

高級船長[高] senior captain

船長[中]captain

大副[中]譯作first mate或 mate

二副[初]second mate

三副[初]third mate

高級輪機長[高]senior engineer, senior chief engineer

輪機長[中]chief, chief engineer

大管輪[中]first engineman

二管輪[初]second engineman

三管輪[初]third engineman

高級電機員[高]senior electrician

通用電機員[中]general electrician

一等電機員[中]first electrician

二等電機員[初]second electrician

高級報務員[高]senior radioman

通用報務員[中]general radioman

一等報務員[中]first radioman

二等報務員[初]second radioman

限用報務員[初]special radioman

25.體育教練系列職稱翻譯

主教練[高]chief coach

教練[中]coach

助理教練[初]assistant coach

26.藝術系列職稱翻譯

一級演員 first-grade actor

二級畫師 second-grade painter

三級導演 third-grade director

四級演員 fourth-grade actor

27.工藝美術系列職稱翻譯

高級工藝美術師[高]senior industrial artist；

工藝美術師[中]industrial artist；

助理工藝美術師[初]assistant industrial artist；

工藝美術員[初]painter of handicraft。其它

審計員 auditor；

法醫 forensic medicine

社會各界職位中英文對照大全

7.工商金融 INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL AND BANKING COMMUNITIES 名譽董事長 Honorary Chairman 董事長 Chairman 執行董事 Executive Director 總裁 President 總經理 General Manager;C.E.O(Chief Executive Officer)經理 Manager 財務主管 Controller 公關部經理 PR Manager 營業部經理 Business Manager 銷售部經理 Sales Manager 推銷員 Salesman 采購員 Purchaser 導演 Director 演員 Actor 畫師 Painter 指揮 Conductor 編導 Scenarist 錄音師 Sound Engineer 舞蹈編劇 Choreographer 美術師 Artist 制片人 Producer 剪輯導演 Montage Director 配音演員Dubber 攝影師 Cameraman 化裝師 Make-up Artist 舞臺監督 Stage Manager 售貨員 Sales Clerk 領班 Captain 經紀人 Broker 高級經濟師 Senior Economist 高級會計師 Senior Accountant 注冊會計師 Certified Public Accountant 出納員 Cashier 審計署審計長 Auditor-General, Auditing Administration 審計師 Senior Auditor 審計員 Auditing Clerk 統計師 Statistician 統計員 Statistical Clerk 廠長 factory Managing Director 車間主任Workshop Manager 工段長 Section Chief 作業班長 Foreman 倉庫管理員 Storekeeper 教授級高級工程師 Professor of Engineering 高級工程師 Senior Engineer 技師 Technician 建筑師 Architect 設計師 Designer 機械師 Mechanic 化驗員 Chemical Analyst 質檢員 Quality Inspector 高級農業師 Senior Agronomist 農業師 Agronomist 助理農業師 Assistant Agronomist 農業技術員 Agricultural Technician 中國科學院院長 President, Chinese Academy of Sciences 主席團執行主席 Executive Chairman 科學院院長 President(Academies)學部主任Division Chairman 院士 Academician 大學校長 President, University 中學校長 Principal, Secondary School 小學校長 Headmaster, Primary School 學院院長 Dean of College 校董事會董事 Trustee, Board of Trustees 教務主任Dean of Studies 總務長 Dean of General Affairs 注冊主管 Registrar 系主任Director of Department/Dean of the Faculty 客座教授 Visiting Professor 交換教授 Exchange Professor 名譽教授 Honorary Professor 班主任Class Adviser 特級教師 Teacher of Special Grade 研究所所長 Director, Research Institute 研究員 Professor 副研究員 Associate Professor 助理研究員 Research Associate 研究實習員 Research Assistant 高級實驗師 Senior Experimentalist 實驗師 Experimentalist 助理實驗師 Assistant Experimentalist 實驗員 Laboratory Technician 教授 Professor 副教授 Associate Professor 講師 Instructor/Lecturer 助教 Assistant 高級講師 Senior Lecturer 講師 Lecturer 助理講師 Assistant Lecturer 教員 Teacher 指導教師 Instructor 主任醫師（講課）Professor of Medicine 主任醫師（醫療）Professor of Treatment 兒科主任醫師 Professor of Paediatrics 主治醫師 Doctor-in-charge 外科主治醫師 Surgeon-in-charge 內科主治醫師 Physician-in-charge 眼科主治醫師 Oculist-in-charge 婦科主治醫師Gynaecologist-in-charge 牙科主治醫師 Dentist-in-charge 醫師 Doctor 醫士 Assistant Doctor 主任藥師 Professor of Pharmacy 主管藥師 Pharmacist-in-charge 藥師 Pharmacist 藥士 Assistant Pharmacist 主任護師 Professor of Nursing 主管護師 Nurse-in-charge 護師 Nurse Practitioner 護士 Nurse 主任技師 Senior Technologist 主管技師 Technologist-in-charge 技師 Technologist 技士 Technician 總編輯 Editor-in-chief 高級編輯 Full Senior Editor 主任編輯 Associate Senior Editor 編輯 Editor 助理編輯 Assistant Editor 高級記者 Full Senior Reporter 主任記者 Associate Senior Reporter 記者 Reporter 助理記者 Assistant Reporter 編審 Professor of Editorship 編輯 Editor 助理編輯 Assistant Editor 技術編輯 Technical Editor 技術設計員 Technical Designer 校對 Proofreader 譯審 Professor of Translation 翻譯 Translator/Interpreter 助理翻譯 Assistant Translator/Interpreter 廣播電視 RADIO AND TELEVISION 電臺/電視臺臺長 Radio/TV Station Controller 播音指導 Director of Announcing 主任播音員 Chief Announcer 播音員 Announcer 電視主持人 TV Presenter 總公司 Head Office 分公司 Branch Office 營業部 Business Office 人事部 Personnel Department(人力資源部)Human Resources Department 總務部 General Affairs Department 財務部 General Accounting Department 銷售部 Sales Department 促銷部 Sales Promotion Department 國際部 International Department 出口部 Export Department 進口部 Import Department 公共關系 Public Relations Department 廣告部 Advertising Department 企劃部 Planning Department 產品開發部 Product Development Department 研發部 Research and Development Department(R&D)秘書室 Secretarial Pool 6.社會團體 NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION 會長 President 主席 Chairman 名譽顧問 Honorary Adviser 理事長 President 理事 Trustee/Council Member 總干事 Director-General 總監 Director 5.立法機關 LEGISLATURE 中華人民共和國主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People?s Republic of China 全國人大委員長/副委員長 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People?s Congress 秘書長 Secretary-General 主任委員 Chairman 委員 Member（地方人大）主任Chairman, Local People?s Congress 人大代表 Deputy to the People?s Congress 政府機構 GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION 國務院總理 Premier, State Council 國務委員 State Councilor 秘書長 Secretary-General（國務院各委員會）主任Minister in Charge of Commission for（國務院各部）部長 Minister 部長助理 Assistant Minister 司長 Director 局長 Director 省長 Governor 常務副省長 Executive Vice Governor 自治區人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People?s Government 地區專員 Commissioner, prefecture 香港特別行政區行政長官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 市長/副市長 Mayor/Vice Mayor 區長 Chief Executive, District Government 縣長 Chief Executive, County Government 鄉鎮長 Chief Executive, Township Government 秘書長 Secretary-General 辦公廳主任Director, General Office（部委辦）主任Director 處長/副處長 Division Chief/Deputy Division Chief 科長/股長 Section Chief 科員 Clerk/Officer 發言人 Spokesman 顧問 Adviser 參事 Counselor 巡視員 Inspector/Monitor 特派員 Commissioner 外交官銜 DIPLOMATIC RANK 特命全權大使 Ambassador Extraordinary and plenipotentiary 公使 Minister 代辦 Charge d?Affaires

臨時代辦 Charge d?Affaires ad Interim 參贊 Counselor 政務參贊 Political Counselor 商務參贊 Commercial Counselor 經濟參贊 Economic Counselor 新聞文化參贊 Press and Cultural Counselor 公使銜參贊 Minister-Counselor 商務專員 Commercial Attaché 經濟專員 Economic Attaché 文化專員 Cultural Attaché 商務代表 Trade Representative 一等秘書 First Secretary 武官 Military Attaché 檔案秘書 Secretary-Archivist 專員/隨員 Attaché 總領事 Consul General 領事 Consul 司法、公證、公安 JUDICIARY,NOTARY AND PUBLIC SECURITY 人民法院院長 President, People?s Courts 人民法庭庭長 Chief Judge, People?s Tribunals 審判長 Chief Judge 審判員 Judge 書記 Clerk of the Court 法醫 Legal Medical Expert 法警 Judicial Policeman 人民檢察院檢察長 Procurator-General, People?s procuratorates 監獄長 Warden 律師 Lawyer 公證員 Notary Public 總警監 Commissioner General 警監 Commissioner 警督 Supervisor 警司 Superintendent 警員 Constable 政黨 POLITICAL PARTY 中共中央總書記 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee 政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee 政治局委員 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee 書記處書記 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee 中央委員 Member, Central Committee 候補委員 Alternate Member 省委/市委書記 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC 黨組書記 secretary, Party Leadership Group 4 EXECUTIVE AND MANAGERIAL(管理部分)Chief Executive Officer(CEO)首席執行官 Director of Operations 運營總監 Vice-President 副總裁 Branch Manager 部門經理 Retail Store Manager 零售店經理 HMO Product Manager 產品經理 Operations Manager 操作經理 Assistant Vice-President 副總裁助理 Field Assurance Coordinator 土地擔保協調員 Management Consultant 管理顧問 District Manager 市區經理 Hospital Administrator 醫院管理 Import/Export Manager 進出口經理

Insurance Claims Controller 保險認領管理員 Program Manager 程序管理經理 Insurance Coordinator 保險協調員 Project Manager 項目經理

Inventory Control Manager 庫存管理經理 Regional Manager 區域經理

Chief Operations Officer(COO)首席運營官 General Manager 總經理

Executive Marketing Director 市場行政總監 Controller(International)國際監管 Food Service Manager 食品服務經理 Production Manager 生產經理 Administrator 醫療保險管理 Property Manager 房地產經理 Claims Examiner 主考官 Controller(General)管理員 Service Manager 服務經理 Manufacturing Manager 制造業經理 Vending Manager 售買經理

Telecommunications Manager 電信業經理 Transportation Manager 運輸經理 Warehouse Manager 倉庫經理 Assistant Store Manager 商店經理助理 Advertising Manager 廣告經理 Travel Agent 旅行代辦員 Salesperson 銷售員

Accounting Assistant 會計助理 Accounting Clerk 記帳員 Accounting Manager 會計部經理 Accounting Stall 會計部職員 Accounting Supervisor 會計主管 Administration Manager 行政經理 Administration Staff 行政人員 Administrative Assistant 行政助理 Administrative Clerk 行政辦事員 Advertising Staff 廣告工作人員

Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座員 Airlines Staff 航空公司職員 Application Engineer 應用工程師 Assistant Manager 副經理 Bond Analyst 證券分析員 Bond Trader 證券交易員 Business Controller 業務主任 Business Manager 業務經理 Buyer 采購員 Cashier 出納員

Chemical Engineer 化學工程師 Civil Engineer 土木工程師 Clerk/Receptionist 職員／接待員

Clerk Typist & Secretary 文書打字兼秘書 Computer Data Input Operator 計算機資料輸入員 Computer Engineer 計算機工程師

Computer Processing Operator 計算機處理操作員 Computer System Manager 計算機系統部經理 Copywriter 廣告文字撰稿人 Deputy General Manager 副總經理 Economic Research Assistant 經濟研究助理 Electrical Engineer 電氣工程師 Engineering Technician 工程技術員 English Instructor/Teacher 英語教師 Export Sales Manager 外銷部經理 Export Sales Staff 外銷部職員 Financial Controller 財務主任 Financial Reporter 財務報告人

F.X.(Foreign Exchange)Clerk 外匯部職員 F.X.Settlement Clerk 外匯部核算員 Fund Manager 財務經理 General Auditor 審計長

General Manager/President 總經理 General Manager Assistant 總經理助理 General Manager?s Secretary 總經理秘書 Hardware Engineer（計算機）硬件工程師 Import Liaison Staff 進口聯絡員 Import Manager 進口部經理 Insurance Actuary 保險公司理賠員 International Sales Staff 國際銷售員 Interpreter 口語翻譯 Legal Adviser 法律顧問 Line Supervisor 生產線主管 Maintenance Engineer 維修工程師 Management Consultant 管理顧問 Manager 經理

Manager for Public Relations 公關部經理 Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程師 Manufacturing Worker 生產員工 Market Analyst 市場分析員

Market Development Manager 市場開發部經理 Marketing Manager 市場銷售部經理 Marketing Staff 市場銷售員 Marketing Assistant 銷售助理 Marketing Executive 銷售主管 Marketing Representative 銷售代表

Marketing Representative Manager 市場調研部經理 Mechanical Engineer 機械工程師 Mining Engineer 采礦工程師 Music Teacher 音樂教師 Naval Architect 造船工程師 Office Assistant 辦公室助理 Office Clerk 職員

Operational Manager 業務經理 Package Designer 包裝設計師

Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位預訂員 Personnel Clerk 人事部職員 Personnel Manager 人事部經理 Plant/Factory Manager 廠長 Postal Clerk 郵政人員 Private Secretary 私人秘書 Product Manager 生產部經理 Production Engineer 產品工程師 Professional Staff 專業人員 Programmer 電腦程序設計師 Project Staff（項目）策劃人員 Promotional Manager 推銷部經理 Proof-reader 校對員

Purchasing Agent 采購（進貨）員 Quality Control Engineer 質量管理工程師 Real Estate Staff 房地產職員 Recruitment Coordinator 招聘協調人 Regional Manger 地區經理

Research & Development Engineer 研究開發工程師 Restaurant Manager 飯店經理 Sales and Planning Staff 銷售計劃員 Sales Assistant 銷售助理 Sales Clerk 店員、售貨員 Sales Coordinator 銷售協調人 Sales Engineer 銷售工程師 Sales Executive 銷售主管 Sales Manager 銷售部經理 Salesperson 銷售員

Seller Representative 銷售代表 Sales Supervisor 銷售監管 School Registrar 學校注冊主任 Secretarial Assistant 秘書助理 Secretary 秘書

Securities Custody Clerk 保安人員 Security Officer 安全人員 Senior Accountant 高級會計 Senior Consultant/Adviser 高級顧問 Senior Employee 高級雇員 Senior Secretary 高級秘書 Service Manager 服務部經理 Simultaneous Interpreter 同聲傳譯員 Software Engineer（計算機）軟件工程師 Supervisor 監管員 Systems Adviser 系統顧問 Systems Engineer 系統工程師 Systems Operator 系統操作員 Technical Editor 技術編輯 Technical Translator 技術翻譯 Technical Worker 技術工人

Telecommunication Executive 電訊（電信）員 Telephonist/Operator 電話接線員、話務員 Tourist Guide 導游

Trade Finance Executive 貿易財務主管 Trainee Manager 培訓部經理 Translation Checker 翻譯核對員 Translator 翻譯員

Trust Banking Executive 銀行高級職員 Typist 打字員

Word Processing Operator 文字處理操作員 3.HUMAN RESOURCES（人力資源部分）Director of Human Resources 人力資源總監 Assistant Personnel Officer 人事助理 Compensation Manager 薪酬經理 Employment Consultant 招募顧問 Facility Manager 后勤經理

Job Placement Officer 人員配置專員 Labor Relations Specialist 勞動關系專員 Recruiter 招聘人員

Training Specialist 培訓專員

Vice-President of Human Resources 人力資源副總裁

Assistant Vice-President of Human Resources 人力資源副總裁助理 Personnel Manager 職員經理 Benefits Coordinator 員工福利協調員

Employer Relations Representative 員工關系代表 Personnel Consultant 員工顧問 Training Coordinator 培訓協調員

2.COMPETER AND MATHEMATICS(計算機部分)Manager of Network Administration 網絡管理經理 MIS Manager 電腦部經理 Project Manager 項目經理 Technical Engineer 技術工程師 Developmental Engineer 開發工程師 Systems Programmer 系統程序員 Administrator 局域網管理員 Operations Analyst 操作分析 Computer Operator 電腦操作員 Product Support Manager 產品支持經理 Computer Operations Supervisor 電腦操作主管 Director of Information Services 信息服務主管 Systems Engineer 系統工程師 Hardware Engineer 硬件工程師

Applications Programmer 應用軟件程序員 Information Analyst 信息分析 LAN Systems Analyst 系統分析 Statistician 統計員

1.MAKETING AND SALES(市場與銷售部分)Vice-President of Sales 銷售副總裁 Senior Customer Manager 高級客戶經理 Sales Manager 銷售經理

Regional Sales Manager 地區銷售經理

Procurement Manager 采購經理 Procurement Agency 采購代辦所 Sales Assistant 銷售助理 Wholesale Buyer 批發采購員 Tele-Interviewer 電話調查員 Real Estate Appraiser 房地產評估師 Marketing Consultant 市場顧問

Marketing and Sales Director 市場與銷售總監 Market Research Analyst 市場調查分析員 Manufacturer?s Representative 廠家代表 Director of Subsidiary Rights 分公司權利總監 Sales Representative 銷售代表

Assistant Customer Executive 客戶管理助理 Marketing Intern 市場實習Marketing Director 市場總監 Insurance Agent 保險代理人 Customer Manager 客戶經理

Vice-President of Marketing 市場副總裁 Regional Customer Manager 地區客戶經理 Sales Administrator 銷售主管 Telemarketing Director 電話銷售總監 Telemarketer 電話銷售員 Sales Executive 銷售執行者 Marketing Assistant 市場助理 Retail Buyer 零售采購員 Real Estate Manager 房地產經理 Real Estate Broker 房地產經紀人 Purchasing Agent 采購代理 Product Developer 產品開發 Marketing Manager 市場經理 Advertising Coordinator 廣告協調員 Advertising Assistant 廣告助理

Ad Copywriter(Direct Mail)廣告文撰寫人 Customer Representative 客戶代表

第五篇：常見的翻譯技巧

常見的翻譯技巧

一、詞義的多樣性表達

1、一個單詞多種表達

2、多個詞表達一個意思，如表達“死”

除此之外，還有多個詞翻譯成一個意思（主要指英譯漢），不再具體講。

3、幾個單詞

二、增減詞

增詞：原文意思在，表達不清楚，英文中如果不增詞，就表達不夠完整 減詞：原文中表達意思的詞在，如果漢語中不把詞減去的話，顯得累贅 如色狼：wolf 不能說color wolf

（一）添詞例子：

確保正確，不是100％必須

添加解釋說明性文字，添加必須性文字(重點)。

1、Mr.Edwards and Mr.Cheney offered a striking contrast in appearance as they sat side by side, with Mr.Cheney looking his 63 years and Mr.Edwards looking less than his 51.來自《紐約時報》：愛得華茲先生與切尼先生并排就座時，外表殊為不同，切尼先生看上去與實際年齡63歲相仿，而愛得華茲先生看上去比實際年齡51歲年輕。

2、This great scientist was born in New England.這位偉大的科學家出生于美國東北部的新英格蘭。

3、Those were the words that were to make the world blossom for me, “like Aaron’s rod, with flowers.”(high priest)

were to表示將來；Aaron是摩西的兄弟

正是這幾句話，日后讓整個世界在我面前如花展開，就像《圣經》中所說的“亞倫的杖開了花”。（來自美國的海倫凱勒）

4、三個臭皮匠，抵個諸葛亮

Two heads are better than one.The wit of three cobblers surpasses that of Zhuge Liang, the master mind.(civic pride)

5、班門弄斧

to teach fish to swim;to teach the old granny to suck eggs

to show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter 陰: negative aspect of things

（二）減詞例子：

減去解釋說明性文字

減去原文有、不減難受的詞，減去必須性，必須減。

1、According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1,000 years).英國電信的未來學家Ian Pearson認為，這些成就預計將出現在新千年頭幾十年之中。

2、We take this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make prompt shipment of the merchandise.告訴你們，可以立即裝船。

3、大會準備工作正在緊張有序地進行。

The preparations for the conference are underway in a busy but ordering manner.4、失業問題一直是我們工作的中心。

The(issue of)unemployment has always been the centre/focus of our work.三、漢語四字格的使用 只針對英譯漢

1.Even the most beautiful became bent and toothless, their dark clothes smelling, as the mamma’s did, of smoke and manure.即使絕色佳人也會彎腰駝背、皓齒盡落，一身皂衣，如同奶媽的衣服一樣，全是煙味，臭氣熏人。

2.On this battle rests the fate of our nation.Let every man do his utmost.民族命運決于此役，凡我士兵必須奮力抗敵。

3.Drew Pearson, a thirty-four-year-old reporter, described them as “ragged, weary, and apathetic,” with “no hope on their faces.”

Drew Pearson，一位34歲的記者，表述他們時說，他們衣衫襤縷，疲憊不堪、冷漠無情，一臉絕望。4.To Henry Kissinger, for whose wise counsel and dedicated services far beyond the call of duty I shall always remain grateful.致Henry Kissinger，精于良言、鞠躬盡瘁、逾于所司，永至不忘。

5.a world of difference, take a risk in desperation, await with great anxiety, decline with all sorts of excuses

天壤之別、鋌而走險（孤注一擲）、翹首以待（望穿秋水）、百般推辭

四、詞性的轉換

(一)一般情況下：漢語動詞用的多，英語名詞用的多，漢譯英，動詞轉名詞；英譯漢，名詞轉動詞

1.絕對不允許違反這個原則。

Violation of the principle should never be allowed/tolerated.2.堅持一個中國的原則是實現和平統一的基礎與前提。

Adherence to the “One-China” policy should serve as the basis and prerequisite for peaceful reunification.3.Everyone was away on holiday.每個人都出去度假。

4.He came to my home for help.他到我家來請求幫助。

5.I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.我非常感謝我的父親，因為在我還是小孩子的時候，他就不停的鼓勵我。

（二）單詞介紹：apathetic describe

1、“a”表示“無”如：: atheist 無神論者, amoral/immoral 無關道德的/沒有道德的, atypical pneumonia 非典, SARS: severe acute respiratory syndrome, 嚴重的呼吸道傳染綜合癥

2、“path”表示情感: sympathy 同情, antipathy 反感, empathy 可以將心比心的理解他人, pathology, 病理學

3、“scribe”表示寫: prescribe 開處方, script 文字資料、腳本, scripture 宗教經典, scribble 亂涂亂劃, postscript 附言（商業信函中禁用）, inscribe 刻, inscription 碑銘, subscribe 訂閱, manuscript 手稿，五、表達法的正反轉換

原文肯定，翻譯后為“不+否定”，有意想不到的效果，如：語氣緩和或漢語中沒有此種表達方法

1.Wet paint.油漆未干

2.Keep upright.(Handle with care.)切勿倒置（小心輕放）3.Admission by invitation only.非請莫入

4.If it rains in Cleveland today, volunteers will stand in lines with umbrellas to keep voters dry.如果今天克里弗蘭下雨，志愿者將打著傘排著隊，以免選民淋濕。

5.If any mater should be added after this contract comes into force, then such a matter shall be agreed upon by

both sides through friendly consultations and confirmed by means of exchanging official documents.本合同生效后如有未盡事宜，須經雙方友好協商同意，并交換正式文本以確認

注意：表達法的正反轉換要根據具體情況，主要出于兩點：

1、表達習慣；

2、語氣的緩和與加強

六、直譯與意譯

盡量用直譯；

兩種情況下不能用直譯：

1、比喻在一種語言中可以接受，而在另一種語言中不能接受

2、特別具有豐富文化內涵的詞

第一種情況的例子

1、drink like a fish形容一個人喝水又多又急，中文形容“牛飲”

2、turn swords into ploughs 化干戈為玉帛

3、pull the chestnut out of the fire 火中取栗

4、天下沒有不散的筵席 No feast lasts forever.The best of friends must part.5、五十步笑百步 The pot calls the kettle black.The soldier who retreated fifty paces laughed at the one who had fallen back a hundred paces.第二種情況的例子

1、You are a clever dog.你真聰明（狗在漢語中有貶義）

2、Every dog has his day.三十年河東、三十年河西；凡人皆有得意時

3、In a word, those nonverbal messages speak to hearts, not heads.總而言之，這些非語言信息是訴之于情感、而非理智。（背景：美國總統大選時對著裝等的評價）

七、句子的分與合（一）合句例子：

1、深圳機場為了方便旅客，設置了四間更衣室。室內設備齊全。

For the convenience of the passengers, Shenzhen Airport has set aside four well-equipped changing rooms.2、盧嘉川挨近她，情不自禁地握住了她的手。這女孩的熱情、大膽和奔向革命的赤誠深深感動了他。

Lu Jiachuan, deeply moved by the girl’s passion, bravery/courage and revolutionary spirit, came up to her and couldn’t help/resist taking her hands.3、道靜氣得渾身發抖。她二話沒說，立刻向經理辭了職。

Trembling/quivering with anger, Daojing gave the manager immediate notice without saying anything.(注意：gave notice表示辭職，預留準備時間，gave a week’s notice)

（二）分句例子：

1、本科生分為四年制和五年制兩種，學生畢業考試及格并且通過論文后，即可獲得學士學位。

The undergraduate program is either four years or five years.After passing the graduation examinations and defending successfully their graduation theses, the students will be conferred a bachelor’s degree.(conferred表示授予，漢語常用獲得)注意：Bachelor’s degree 學士學位

BA(Bachelor of Arts）文科學士

BS(Bachelor of Sciences)理科學士

Master ’s degree 碩士學位

Doctor’s degree 博士學位

Associate Bachelor’s degree

專科學位

Assistant professor 助理教授，不是助教之意

Teaching assistant 助教

2、深圳作為全國最早的特區，與內地經濟往來極為密切，特別是在香港回歸祖國以后，人員往來大為增加，深圳機場是全國十大機場之一。

As the Nation’s/China’s first SEZ, Shenzhen has established very close economic ties with the Nation’s inner parts.Especially after Hong Kong was returned to the motherland, the number of people arriving at and leaving Shenzhen has increased greatly.Shenzhen Airport is one of ten largest airports of the nation.注意：

1、“全國十大機場之一”可以翻成 is nation’s Top Ten airports.2、“人員往來大為增加” 可以翻成 human exchange between Shenzhen and the inner parts of Nation, 但與前面有重復

八、成語的翻譯

首先要弄懂中文意思，其次追求完美

(一)套譯

漢語中的成語，英語中有一個意思非常接近成語，直接套用 call a spade a spade 實話實說；實事求是

reap what one has sown 種瓜得瓜/作繭自縛（區別褒、貶義和感情色彩）kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 殺雞取卵/涸澤而漁 castle in the air 海市蜃樓/空中樓閣 過河拆橋kick down the ladder

格格不入 like a square peg in a round hole

（二）直譯

在成語所包含的比喻和語言內涵被另一種文化完全接受的情況下，可以直譯。Trojan horse 特洛伊木馬 表示從內部起爆 sour grapes

酸葡萄 表示得不到東西的心理

Sphinx’s riddle 斯芬克斯之謎，表示難解之謎 a Judas kiss 猶大之吻，表示叛變、背叛

（三）直譯套譯均可

鑒于有些成語有對應的，但有些人喜歡把意思直接譯出來 to kill two birds with one stone 一石兩鳥/一箭雙雕 crocodile tears鱷魚之淚/黃鼠狼給雞拜年

聲東擊西 to shout in the east and strike in the west/to look one way and row another 掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm/ the apple of one’s eye

對牛彈琴 play a lute to the cow/ cast the pearls before swine

（四）意譯

有些比喻和文化內涵不能另一種語言作接受 in a pig’s whisper 低聲的

make a monkey of somebody 嘲弄某人 the skeleton at the feast令人掃興的人 a family skeleton 家丑

葉公好龍 professed love of what one really fears 毛遂自薦 volunteer one’s service 初出茅廬 at the start of one’s career

（五）特別容易弄錯的成語 pull somebody’s leg 嘲弄某人

eat one’s words 認錯，特別承認自己說錯話 dog-eat-dog 殘酷的，特別表示競爭 in the seventh heaven 極為開心

九、英語從句的漢譯與句序的調整

英語翻譯第一步要保證大的結構調整好，句序結構是基礎。

1、狀語從句調整：挑出主干部分

(1)、澳門，南海之濱一顆閃耀的明珠，以她的風采、滄桑和輝煌，更以1999年12月20日這個不同尋常的日子，吸引著全世界的目光。

A shining pearl on the coast of South China, Macao attracts the world’s attention for her charm, history of great events and glory, especially for the unusual date of December 20, 1999.South China Sea 表示中國南海，不是“南中國海”

East China Sea 東海

（2）、This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.（橫線表示狀語）

通過支持某些與當前目標無關、但是在將來可能很重要的研究，一般情況下似乎可以有效的做到這一點。immediate與in the future相對，表示當前 of possible＝possibly mostly表示在一般情況下

（3）、For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.（橫線表示狀語）

例如，他們不能彌補明顯的社會不公，因此也就不能說明，如果一個貧窮的年輕人在更為有利的環境下成長的話，他可能會有多大才干。

說明：

1、underprivileged字面意思表示特權不足的（委婉語），翻譯時an underprivileged youngster與he位置調換，英語提到人名出現在句子主干中，而漢語則出現在第一次提到的地方。

2、“ster”加在單詞后面表示什么樣的人，如：gang表示幫派，gangster表示匪幫；

3、gross形容不好的意思，表示昭然若揭，非常明顯的小貼士：(1)、翻譯時遇到不認識的詞，怎么辦？

從詞性上說，形容詞、副詞不認識，建議省略，錯譯原比漏譯扎眼

名詞、動詞不認識，則難以處理，盡量通過上下文來推測該詞的意思。

(2)、關于單詞的見解

單詞主要記general word，中高級口譯不會考過于專業的東西，主要考常識性內容，不建議背專項單詞。推薦用書《上海新東方學校中高級口譯詞匯必備》、《上海新東方學校中高級口譯筆試備考精要》

(3)、記憶單詞分長期記憶和短期記憶

通過記詞根和大量閱讀，能夠幫助大家長期記憶

2、定語從句調整

英譯漢時，定語無非前置和后置，變成形容詞性詞或單成一句。

（1）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.兩個從句：which和that引導

譯文：社會科學是知識探索一個分支，它力求用理智的、有序的、系統的、冷靜的方法研究人類和他們的種種行為，這種方式正是自然科學家用來研究自然現象的。說明：

1、譯文中“正是”一詞來源于“the same”

2、reason作為動詞，表示推理

（2）“In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”

兩個定語從句：as we call it

放在先行詞the scientific revolution之前翻譯

that expanded??

分譯 contends：如果不認識，可以翻譯成“說”，因為前后都有引號 譯文：新學派的一位領導人認為：“簡而言之，我們所謂的科技革命，在很大程度上是指一系列工具的改進、發明和使用，這些改進、發明和使用在各個方面都拓展了科學范圍”。“名詞+介詞+名詞+定語從句”：定語從句99％用來修飾第一個名詞” 注意：

1、定語從句的翻譯方法

(1)合譯：把定語從句放到被修飾詞之前

(2)分譯：定語從句單成一句，先行詞重復一下

2、定語從句先行詞判斷方法（并非100％適用）

（1）、He opposed some proposals for opening the economy, like starting a stock market, that were embraced only after he lost power.先找名詞，再根據定語從句的謂語動詞的單復數判斷先行詞的單復數，則先行詞為“proposals”

譯文：他反對某些開放經濟的提議，如創建股票市場，這些提議只有在他下臺之后，才被人們所接受。

（2）、It assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.根據定語從句謂語動詞單復數，易于判斷which引導的從句用語修飾account，此處account表示講述、評論。

譯文：他假定人們對人權有一個統一的看法，而這種看法根本就不存在。

（3）、這所大學的任務是培養德智體全面發展，能熟練運用外語從事外事和文化交流工作的合格人才。

翻譯時先找主干：這所大學的任務是培養人才(The university aims to turn out qualified graduates)。譯文：The university aims to turn out qualified graduates that are all-roundly/well developed in morality, intellect and physique, and that are able to use proficiently foreign languages in foreign affairs and cultural exchanges.翻譯詞要根據具體情況，如“文明”一詞，文明小區“model”；講文明“politesse, manners”；（4）漢語中的題型“??是??” 兩種方法：“??，which??”或“it is??”

謀求和平與發展、加強對話與合作，是各國人民的普遍愿望。

It is the universal wish of all the nations to achieve peace and development and strengthen dialogues and cooperations.鞏固與東盟面向和平與繁榮的戰略伙伴關系，推進互利互惠的全方位合作，是中國將長期堅持的基本外交政策。

China shall consolidate its strategic partnership with the ASEAN in the direction of peace and prosperity, and promote mutually benefiting cooperation in an all-round manner, which is China’s long-term and basic foreign policy.