第一篇：畢業設計混凝土橋梁結構形式(中英文翻譯)

混凝土梁橋的結構形式

事實證明，預應力混凝土結構是在技術上先進、經濟上有競爭力、符合審美學的一種先進技術。從使用標準組成的小跨徑橋梁到吊梁和跨徑將近100英尺的連續箱梁橋，幾乎所有的混凝土橋梁，甚至于相對短時間的橋梁都是預應力結構的。采用預制、現場澆筑或兩種方法并用。在同一工程中經常同時使用先張法和后張法。

在美國，公路橋一般情況下必須滿足荷載、設計和AASHTO規定的建設的要求。對于服務于其它目的步行街和橋梁的設計要求由當地的或地方的代碼建立。ACI代碼的備注也被納入參考。

伴隨最小交通中斷的大約100英尺的跨徑的橋梁由提供低的初級預算，最小量維修和養護費用和快速的簡易的預制板組成。這種梁一般是用先張法。預制板一塊挨一塊的放置并且在相鄰的預制板間受剪的縫隙填滿不收縮的灰泥之后，經常在中間橫膈膜的位置后張拉。對于公路，用瀝青鋪設的表面可以直接用在預制混凝土的上面。在某些情況下，一塊放置在正確位置的現澆板提供復合作用。

空心板一般用于深度15英尺到21英尺，寬度3英尺或4英尺。對于一個標準HS20的公路，空心板適合于大約50 英尺的跨徑。標準渠化區段在多種寬度，深度從21英尺到35英尺時是有利的，可用于大約20英尺到60英尺的跨徑。中空的箱形梁和T形梁用于大約100英尺的長跨徑。

對于中等跨徑的大約120英尺的公路橋，一般使用AASHTO 標準梁。它們和一種復合現場預制行車道板一起使用。在板被安置之后，這樣的梁經常在預澆梁的先張拉 與合成梁的后張拉后結合。試圖獲得改進經濟，一些國家已經采用更精煉的設計，例如華盛頓州標準梁。

經過特別設計預制建筑梁可以用來攜帶一個單軌鐵路系統。完成的沃爾特迪斯尼樂園單軌鐵路的一系列的特征, 每個包括六個單獨支持的預拉梁，一起形成連續結構。典型的跨距是100到110英尺。被使用的337根梁，大約一半有垂直與水平曲率和易變超級升高的一些結合。所有的梁是中空的，它的特征是通過在曲梁中插入泡沫和在直梁制作中移動形心軸獲得。

由于運輸問題和構件垂直的大而重的問題，預制梁不能用于跨徑超過120英尺的橋梁。另一方面，橋梁有一種向大跨徑發展的明顯趨勢。對于提高的都市高速道路來說，大跨徑促進通路而且將對下面的活動妨礙減到最少。對環境的損害問題的關心，導致連續高架橋大跨徑的選擇。對于跨河橋，因為航行間隙的需求，中間可能不可以搭設橋墩。

在這一個類型的典型建筑中，橋墩（臺）采用現場預制, 經常使用滑動的技術。一個箱梁的“ 錘頭”澆筑在橋墩的頂端, 并且通過平衡的懸臂方法控制每個方向的建筑進

行。最后,在完成跨中結合處的澆筑之后, 這種結構對于完全連續性的橋梁來說是進一步的受拉的。修剪鑰匙可能被用在片段之間垂直面之上, 而且預制建筑與環氧基樹脂黏在一起。

想象的工程學藉著許多特別的技術示范已經延長混凝土建筑的范圍，就橋梁而言，已經遠遠超過幾年以前可以想象的到的任何事。在美國，雙向彎曲的現場澆鑄的部分箱梁已經成功地完成 310 英尺 的跨距，跨越了北加州的鰻魚河。該橋的中間跨度550英尺，側跨跨度390英尺，初步設計已經完成。

預應力混凝土橋梁很適合于大跨徑的另一種形式是懸索箱梁。一個值得注意的例子是阿根廷境內的Chaco-Corrientes橋。橋的主跨徑804英尺，由兩個A型構架塔支撐，懸索從塔頂到沿著底板伸展。受拉的懸索不僅提供一種垂直反應組成支撐底板，而且對于箱梁產生水平的壓縮，增加構件中的張拉力。

許多年以前德國工程師 Ulrich Finsterwalder 提出適合于負擔荷載和大跨徑的一個結構類型是壓帶式橋。壓帶是橋運輸跨越萊茵河的一個管道和人行道，跨徑446英尺。上部結構的施工順序是（a）垂直的一對懸索，(b)在每個懸索的下面，安置預制板形成一人行道甲板和 一U型 的平臺, 并且(c)在附近現場澆注混凝土。放置在頂部的管道支撐在扶手的頂部，向一邊傾斜，大幅地增加結構的主要風速。

討論橋梁形式應適當的考慮結構的美學。當結構可能根據最小的費用和技術設計的時候，時間消逝了。特別是橋梁結構到處可見。生產視覺上不愉快的結構 , 過去經常發生, 是一種不負專業責任的行為。特別地對于主要的跨距，還有一些比較普通的結構來說，應該在設計過程的概念階段尋找建筑的建議。出處：

安瑞克．混凝土橋梁結構形式[J]．建筑實錄(美)，2010，33(36)：34—36

The Structure of Concrete Bridge Pre-stressed concrete has proved to be technically advantageous, economically competitive, and esthetically superior bridges, from very short span structures using standard components to cable-stayed girders and continuous box girders with clear spans of nearly 100aft.Nearly all concrete bridges, even those of relatively short span, are now pre-stressed.Pre-casting, cast-in-place construction, or a combination of the two methods may be used.Both pre-tensioning and post tensioning are employed, often on the same project.In the United States, highway bridges generally must-meet loading ,design ,and construction requirements of the AASHTO Specification.Design requirements for pedestrian crossings and bridges serving other purposes may be established by local or regional codes and specifications.ACI Code provisions are often incorporated by reference.Bridges spans to about 100ft often consist of pre-cast integral-deck units ,which offer low initial cost ,minimum ,maintenance ,and fast easy construction ,with minimum traffic interruption.Such girders are generally pre-tensioned.The units are placed side by side ,and are often post-tensioned laterally at intermediate diaphragm locations ,after which shear keys between adjacent units are filled with non-shrinking mortar.For highway spans ,an asphalt wearing surface may be applied directly to the top of the pre-cast concrete.In some cases ,a cast-in-place slab is placed to provide composite action.The voided slabs are commonly available in depths from 15 to 21 in.and widths of 3 to 4 ft.For a standard highway HS20 loading, they are suitable for spans to about 50 ft, Standard channel sections are available in depths from 21 to 35 in a variety of widths, and are used for spans between about 20 and 60 ft.The hollow box beams-and single-tee girders are intended for longer spans up to about 100 ft.For medium-span highway bridges ,to about 120 ft ,AASHTO standard I beams are

generally used.They are intended for use with a composite cast-in-place roadway slab.Such girders often combine pre-tensioning of the pre-cast member with post-tensioning of the composite beam after the deck is placed.In an effort to obtain improved economy ,some states have adopted more refined designs ,such as the State of Washington standard girders.The specially designed pre-cast girders may be used to carry a monorail transit system.The finished guide way of Walt Disney World Monorail features a series of segments, each consisting of six simply supported pre-tensioned beams ,together to from a continuous structure.Typical spans are 100 to 110 ft.Approximately half of the 337 beams used have some combination of vertical and horizontal curvatures and variable super elevation.All beams are hollow, a feature achieved by inserting a styro-foam void in the curved beams and by a moving mandrel in straight beam production.Pre-cast girders may not be used for spans much in excess of 120 ft because of the problems of transporting and erecting large, heavy units.On the other hand ,there is a clear trend toward the use of longer spans for bridges.For elevated urban expressways ,long spans facilitate access and minimize obstruction to activities below.Concern for environmental damage has led to the choice of long spans for continuous viaducts.For river crossings, intermediate piers may be impossible because of requirements of navigational clearance.In typical construction of this type, piers are cast-in-place, often using the slip-forming technique.A ―hammerhead‖ section of box girder is often cast at the top of the pier, and construction proceeds in each direction by the balanced cantilever method.Finally, after the closing cast-in-place joint is made at mid-span, the structure is further post-tensioned for full continuity.Shear keys may be used on the vertical faces between segments, and pre-cast are glued with epoxy resin.The imaginative engineering demonstrated by many special techniques has extended the range of concrete construction for bridges far beyond anything that could be conceived just a few years ago.In the United States, twin curved cast-in –place segmental box girders have recently been completed for of span of 310 ft over the Eel River in northern California.Preliminary design has been completed for twin continuous box girders consisting of central 550 ft spans flanked by 390 ft side spans.Another form of pre-stressed concrete bridge well suited to long spans is the cable-stayed box girder.A notable example is the Chaco-Corrientes Bridge in Argentina.The bridges main span of 804 ft is supported by two A-frame towers, with cable stays stretching from tower tops to points along the deck.The deck itself consists of two parallel box girders made of pre-cast sections erected using the cantilever method.The tensioned cables not only

provide a vertical reaction component to support the deck ,but also introduce horizontal compression to the box girders ,adding to the post-tensioning force in those members.Stress-ribbon Bridge pioneered many years ago by the German engineer Ulrich Finsterwalder.The stress-ribbon bridge carries a pipeline and pedestrians over the Rhine River with a span of 446 ft.The superstructure erection sequence was to(a)erect two pairs of cables,(b)place pre-cast slabs forming a sidewalk deck and a U under each of the sets of cables, and(c)cast-in-place concrete within the two Us.The pipeline is placed atop supports at railing height, off to one side, which greatly increases the wind speed of the structure.It is appropriate in discussing bridge forms to mention structural esthetics.The time is past when structures could be designed on the basis of minimum cost and technical advantages alone.Bridge structures in particular are exposed for all to see.To produce a structure that is visually offensive ,as has occurred all too often in the past, is an act professional irresponsibility.Particularly for major spans ,but also for more ordinary structures ,architectural advice should be sought early in conceptual stage of the design process.

第二篇：橋梁混凝土結構耐久性施工方案

《橋梁混凝土結構耐久性施工方案》

一、編制說明

根據施工設計圖提供技術參數及資料，本工程地處多為鹽堿和鹽堿水環境，其地質多為海相沉積形成，富含Cl-SO2等多種離子。工程處于寒冷地區，雨雪天后為保證通行主要市區道路和部分公路都噴灑化冰鹽水；本工程橋梁結構所處的環境類型為Ⅱ類，根據工程地質勘察本場地河水、地下水及基土對混凝土存在微腐蝕性，對鋼筋混凝土結構中的鋼筋具弱等腐蝕性，本工程設計基準使用100年。因此確定橋梁各部位防腐等級如下：鉆孔灌注樁、墩柱、橋墩、橋臺按不低于環境作用等級C級采取防護。

二、根據混凝土防腐設計設計圖依據工程施工規范標準：

1、《普通混凝土配合比設計規程》JGJ55-2011）

2、《公路工程混凝土結構防腐技術規范》（JIC/TB07-01-2006）

3、《混凝土結構工程施工質量驗收規范》(GB50204-2015)

4、《混凝土耐久性檢驗評定標準》(JGJ/T193-2009)

5、《混凝土外加劑》（BG8706-2008）

6、《天津市鋼筋混凝土耐久性設計規程》（DB/29-165-2006）

7、《天津市市政工程施工技術規范》（DB29-75JI0406）

8、《混凝土結構工程施工質量驗收規范》（GB50204-2015）

9、《普通混凝土拌合物性能試驗方法標準》（GB/50080-2016）

10、《普通混凝土長期性能和耐久性能試驗方法標準》（GB/T5008-2016）

11、《普通混凝土拌合物力學試驗方法標準》（GB/T5008-2016）

12、《用于水泥和混凝土中的粒化高爐礦渣》（BG/T18046-2008）

13、《用于水泥和混凝土中的粉煤灰》（BG/T1596-2005）

14、《混凝土拌合水標準》（JGJ63-2006）

15、《公路工程質量檢驗評定標準》（JTGF80/1-2018）

16、《公路橋涵施工技術規范》（JTG/F50-2011）

三、防腐混凝土耐久性配合比選擇：

充分考慮混凝土配合比試配時的指標：電通量、抗凍性、抗裂性、密實性、耐磨性、耐蝕性、抗堿-骨料反應檢驗滿足工程要求。所以在鉆孔樁配合比中摻加粉煤灰，增加混凝土流動度和易性，便于工程施工。對于墩柱摻加粉煤灰、磨細礦渣粉使混凝土更加密實內實外光、色澤一致。預制梁或現澆箱梁摻加磨細礦渣粉降低水化熱又能增加其強度。根據拌合站到施工現場混凝土運輸距離選擇坍落度。

綜合上述對橋梁混凝土結構耐久性影響因素，為保證混凝土結構耐久性滿足工程質量需要：

1.1

從原材料調查與選擇：①水泥：采用品質穩定強度不低于42.5級的低堿硅酸鹽或普通硅酸鹽水泥，禁止使用其它品種水泥，（考慮混凝土整體色澤一致因素），選年產量規模大產品質量穩定150萬噸以上廠家，技術指標滿：水泥的比表面積不宜超過350㎡/kg堿含量不超過0.6%，游離氧化鈣含量不超過1.5%水泥中C3A的含量不超過8%②河砂：優先選用無堿活性的河砂廠家，砂級配合理、質地均勻；細度模數在2.6-3.0中砂，且含泥量不大于1.5%泥塊含量不大于0.1%且無雜質，并進行細集料堿-硅酸反應砂漿棒膨脹率為0.1-0.20%的活性時，由各種原材料帶入每個m3混凝土中的總堿量不超過1.8Kg/m3③碎石：調查工程周邊生產廠家并取樣試驗（使用前做堿-骨料反應）：優先采用質地堅硬的石灰巖、花崗巖、輝綠巖等球形狀、吸水率低空閑率小，母巖立方體抗壓強度與混凝土設計強度之比大于2.0倍的碎石。選生產廠家反擊破生產碎石方式，并且要三級配選生產（4.75-9.5mm9.5-19mm16-31.5mm），各個粒徑標示并分倉清楚、壓碎值不大于10%、級配良好、含泥量、泥塊含量、針片狀等技術指標滿足規范要求。④拌合水：技術指標滿足規范要求。⑤高效減水劑：高效減水率進場前經試驗合格后入庫。⑥阻銹劑技術指標滿足規范要求。⑦粉煤灰符合《GB/T1596-2017》用于水泥混凝土中的粉煤灰技術指標滿足規范要求。⑧磨細礦渣粉技術指標滿足規范要求。通過試驗選擇合格的生產廠家為工程提供原材料,當以上原材料不能滿足工程要求時，在配合比中摻加低鈣粉煤灰硅灰等活性摻合料；原材料檢驗頻率按公路橋涵施工技術規范《JTG/TF50-2011》執行。

四、拌合站拌合質量控制

1.1拌合站嚴格控制原材料對于水泥、河砂、碎石、高效減水劑、粉煤灰、礦渣粉經試驗合格后方準入庫。

1.2每天早晨試驗員上班做河砂、碎石含水量試驗根據試驗室理論配合比換算成施工配合比，質量負責人負責核對，并交給攪拌機操作員輸入程序中。

1.3投料順序為：砂石—水泥—拌合水—摻合料—高效減水劑

1.4拌和機稱量系統經市縣以上計量技術檢定合格后：投料水泥誤差為±1%砂石誤差為±2%減水劑粉煤灰磨細礦渣粉誤差為±0.5%拌合時間添加外加劑為120S，值班試驗員觀察和易性滿足施工所需要求時，放料做坍落度試驗滿足工地后，按規范做所要求試件組數，拆模后送標準養護室進行養護。

1.5現場試驗員跟裝混凝土的罐車一起到施工現場，先做坍落度試驗，當混凝土坍落度不能滿足澆筑要求時，使用隨車帶10L減水劑進行調整直至符合要求。

五、現場混凝土澆筑 1.1當澆筑樁基時，應根據混凝土方量計算出封底最小數量預留儲備3個罐車混凝土，防止混凝土不足。澆筑程序按樁基技術交底執行，試件制作。①每個工班至少2組，樁基直徑深度大于20米3組深度每超過10米增加1組。②墩柱按3組制作，2組做28b，1組做同條件養護，③T梁或箱梁按4組試件制作其中2組做抗壓試驗，2組做同條件。④連續澆筑超過1000m3混凝土，每個工班至少取2組試件；制作試件按橋規標準執行。

1.2當澆筑墩柱或其它構筑物混凝土數量時，提前做好各項準備工作：檢查模板是否捆綁牢固、是否有沒有粘貼好的縫隙，1.3混凝土的振搗設備至少預留1套振搗工應該熟悉混凝土振搗規范防止過振或漏振運輸，使混凝土拆模后出現砂線、水波紋、離析、空洞現象。

六、混凝土的養護

1.1混凝土養護：當澆筑混凝土達到強度拆模后，對構筑物及時覆蓋養護，當較小構筑物在頂部放一桶養護水使用細管引向構筑物并使用塑料薄膜包裹膠帶緊，防止漏風使其保持濕潤。T梁采用自動噴淋設備，專人負責此項噴淋工作。當張拉強度滿足強度要求時止。

七、混凝土耐久性質量試驗及檢驗驗證

1.1混凝土抗凍性試驗主要是檢驗驗證其耐久性按規范進行，試件尺寸為100*100*400mm一個凍融循環為2.5-4.0h,凍融循環試驗以相對彈性模量下降至75%或重量損失率達5%時，即可認為試件已達破壞，該試驗凍融循環次數為抗凍融等級。本工程抗凍耐久性指數60% 1.2混凝土電通量試驗檢驗驗證橋梁混凝土氯離子含量： 本試驗方法通過測定混凝土在直流恒電壓作用下通過電量值來評價不同原材料和配合比中的氯離子滲透性能。本工程氯離子擴散系數小于7。

從源頭做起，對進場原材料：水泥、河砂、碎石、外加劑、粉煤灰、磨細礦渣粉等進行試驗檢測控制，使混凝土中的總堿含量小于3.0/m3對于試驗檢測不合格的產品，拒絕卸車，并記錄生產廠家車號；施工過程每個環節進行控制，混凝土出站運輸到澆筑盡可能縮短時間，振搗工熟悉工藝流程使混凝土振搗密實，拆模后及時覆蓋養護。以保證澆筑后混凝土各項指標滿足設計圖的技術要求；來保證橋梁結構混凝土耐久性質量要求。

2018.5.3

第三篇：出租車計價器畢業設計中英文翻譯

ABSTRACT 1.INTRODUCTION Transporting people in the morning from their homes to their works and back in the afternoon has become a big problem in big cities especially in undeveloped countries.As a partial solution of this problem, the authorities in some countries had, unofficially, left the taxicab drivers to carry different passengers to different places at the Same time.For example, a taxicab with four seats may carry four different passengers without any relation between them except that their way of travelling is the same.Accordingly, it has become very difficult to rely on the present conventional single-channel taximeter to determine the fare required from each passenger separately.Accordingly, an unfair financial relation was created between the taxicab driver, owner, passengers and the state taxation department.Under these circumstances, taxicab drivers force the passengers to pay more than what they should pay.In some cases passengers had to pay double fare they should pay.With the present conventional single-channel taximeter, taxicab owners are not able to determine the daily income of their taxicab.In some cases(a taxicab with four seats)they may only get one quarter of the income of the taxicab(collected by the taxicab driver).From which they should pay the salary of the taxicab driver as well as the cost of fuel, minor and major repairs in addition to the car depreciation.As a matter of fact the position of the taxicab owners is not so bad as it seems.A general agreement has been reached between the taxicab drivers and owners such that the drivers should guarantee a fixed daily income to the owners as well as the paying for the cost of fuel as well as the minor repaires.Even though the taxicab drivers still share the large portion ofthe income of the taxicab.Also with the presence of the single-channel taximeter, it has become very difficult for the state taxation department to know the yearly income of the taxicab and accordingly it has become very difficult to estimate the taxes to be paid by the taxicab owners.In order to face this problem, the state taxation department had to impose a fixed estimated taxes for each seat of the taxicab whatever the income of the taxicab.In this paper, we introduced a multichannel taximeter that can deal with more than one passenger simultaneously.I t should be pointed out that by the term passenger we mean a one person or a group of related persons.I t should also be pointed out that our proposed multi-channel taximeter is not, simply, a multi display readouts.As a matter of fact it contains logic circuits that automatically changes the fare per killometer of travelling distance or per minutes of 'waiting time according to the number of passengers hiring the taxicab.In the following part and as an example, we will present a complete design for a three-channel taximeter.Block diagrams as well as detailed circuit diagrams of the experimental three-channel taximeter are also included.A prototype has been built under grant from the Egyptian Academy for Scientific and Technological Research.2.AN EXPERIMENTAL THREECHANNEL TAXIMETER Theory of operation of our experimental device to work as an electronic digital taximeter is based on t h e fact thathe speedometer cable rotates one revolution for each meter of travelling distance.Accordingly, if the speedometer cable is coupled with a speed sensor that generates a single pulse for each meter of travelling distance, then our taximeter could be three up counter modules associated with a speed sensor unit.However, our experimental taximeter is not simply a three display readouts.As a matter offact it contains logic circuits that automatically changes the fare per kilometer of travelling distance or per minutes of waiting time according to the number of passengers hiring the taxicab.The device may be splitted into two main parts: The first is the speed sensor unit which may be located anywhere in the taxicab such that an easy coupling to the speedometer cable can be achieved.The second unit contains the main electronic circuit, the displayand control panel.The unit should be located somewhere in front of both the driver and the passengers.A possible components locations is shown in Figure 1.A.Speed Sensor Unit The main function of this unit is to supply train of pulses whose frequency is proportional to the angular rotation of the wheels.A possible form of a speed sensor is shown in Figure 2.If may consist of a tj.pica1 permanent magnet sine wave generator with its output connected to a pulse shapping circuit(two general purpose silicon diodes, 1K ohms resistor and a schmit trigger inverter).In order to find some way to detect the movement of the taxicab, the output of the sine wave generator is rectified through a general purpose silicon diode Dl then smoothed by a 1000 F capacitor.The output voltage at terminal Q is then limited to the value of 4.7 volts by using a Ik ohms resistor as well as a zener diode ZD.The level of the voltage at terminal Q would be high whenever the taxicab is moving and will be zero otherwise.This voltage can be used for the automatic switching from distance fare to time fare.B.Main Electronic and Display Unit A suggested shape for the main electronic and display unit is shown in Figure 3.The control and display panel contains all ' controls necessary for operating the taximeter as well as four readout displays.The first channel will give the sum of money required from the first passenger, while the second and third readouts are for the second and third passengers, respectively.The fourth readout will give the total income of the taxicab.The contents of the last readout should be nonvolatile and be able to be retained even during parking the taxicab.The channel rotary selector switchs 1 , 2 and 3 have fully clockwise/anticlockwise positions.In the fully anticlockwise position, the counter of the corresponding readout is blancked and disabled.In the fully clockwise position, the counter is unblanked, cleared to zero and enabled to be ready for counting the sum of money required from the first, second and third passengers, respectively.Pushing the total sum pushbutton 4 unblanks the fourth readout enabling any person to retain the readout corresponding to the total income.After the release of the pushbutton, the fourth readout will be blanked again.This unit also contains the main electronic circuit which will be fully described in the following section.3.DESCRIBTION OF THE MAIN ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT The general block diagram of the main electronic circuit is shown in Figure 4.It consists of five subcircuits designated by the symboles CTI up to CT4supporting circuits, these are: The number of passenger deticition circuit CTI, travelling distance scaling circuit CT2, waiting time scaling circuit CT3, circuit CT4 which generates clock pulses for the display circuit.A.Number of Passengers Detection Circuit CT1 As shown from the general block diagram, the circuit CTI has three inputs I, 2 and 3 as well as three outputs J, K and L.The function of the circuit is to supply a high level voltage at terminals J, K or L if and only if one, two or three passengers are hiring the taxicab, respectively.The term passenger, here, means one person or a group of related persons.When a passenger is getting into the cab, we simply turn on a free readout display by turning the corresponding rotary selector switch to a fully clockwise direction.This will automatically disconnect the corresponding terminal I, 2 or 3 from ground.The logical relation between various input terminals I, 2 and 3 and the output terminals J, K and L is shown in Table 1.As a combinational circuit we start the design by deriving a set of boolean functions.A possible simplified boolean functions that gives minimum number of inputs to gates may be obtained from Table I.A possible logical diagram that is based on the above derived expressions is shown in Figure 5.It consists of two inverters, four 2-input AND, to3-input AND two 3-input OR gates B.Tavelling Distance Scaling Circuit CT2 As shown from the block diagram of Figure 4, the circuit CT2 has four input J, K, L and E and one output M.The function of the circuit is to supply a single pulse at the output M for a certain number of pulses generated at the output of the speed sensor(certain number of meters travelled by the taxicab), according to the number of passengers hiring the car.A suggested fare per kilometer of travelling distance is shown in colomn two of Table 2.the circuit, in this case, should supply a single pulse at the output M for every 100, 125 or 143 pulses generated at the input terminal E according to the level of voltage at input terminale 3, K or L, respectively.Our circuit could be, as shown in Figure 5, three decade counters, connected as a three digit frequency divider whose dividing ratios 100, 125 and 143 are automatically selected by the voltage level at terminals J, K and L, respectively.A possible circuit diagram that may verify the above function is shown in Figure 6.It consists of three decade counters type 7490, one BCD-to decimal decoder type 7445, three 4-input AND, one 3-input ANDone 2-input AND two 3-input OR gates.C.Time Scaling Circuit CT3 As shown in the block diagram, the time scalingcircuit will have four inputs J, K, L and F and one output N.The function of this circuit and accordingto colomn three of Table 2(fare per 2 minuts of waiting time)is to supply a single pulse at the output N for every 120, 240 or 360 pulses supplied at the input terminal F from the I Hz clock according to level of voltage at inputs J, K and L, respectively.Time scaling circuit would be similar to the distance scaling circuit but with different diving ratios.A Possible circuit diagram is shown in figure 7.It consists, in this case, of three decade counter type 7490, two 3-input AND, one 5-input AND, one 2-input AND one 3-input OR gates.D.Circuit CT4 Which Generates Clock Pulses for Display Circuit The function of this circuit is to supply one, two or three pulses at the output terminal R for each pulse generated at any of the terminals N or M, according to the voltage level at the input terminals J, K or L, respectively.The output P will receive a pulse for each pulse generated at any of the input terminals N or M.This function can be performed by the circuit shown in Figure 8, it consists of one ripple counter type 7493, one half of a dual JK masterslave flip-flops circuit type 7476, three inverters, three 2-input AND, one 3-input AND, one 2-input OR and one 3-input OR gates.When a pulse is generated at either input terminals N or M, a high level voltage will be generated at the output Q of the flip-flop.This will g a t e t h e I Khz signal to be connected to the input A of the ripple counter as well as to the output terminal R.When one, two or three pulses are counted by the ripple counter, according to the level of voltage at the input terminals J, K and L, respectively, a high is generated to reset the counter and change the state of the flip-flopsuch that Q becomes low.Hence, the 1 KHz signal is disabled to reach the outputerminal R or the input A of the ripple counter.In order to ensure the proper function of the circuit, the flip-flop should be cleared whenever a new channel is operated.This has been achieved by the input 5 and will be explained later when describing the function of the channels rotary selector switchs.E.Display Circuit As shown in Figure 2, the display panel would contain three 4-digit displays that give the sum of money required from each passenger separately as well as a one six-digit display that gives the total income of the taxicab.A possible wiring diagram for the display circuit is shown in Figure 9.Rotating any of the rotary selector switches to fully clockwise direction will supply the corresponding display by5 volts through terminals 1, 2 and 3, respectively.The corresponding display will be unblanked by supplying a low level of voltage through terminals A, C and G, respectively.Keeping terminals 8, D and H, respectively, at low level will keep them reset to zero.The corresponding display is then enabled by removing the low voltage from terminals B, D, and H, respectively, to be ready for counting the sum of money required from the corresponding passenger starting from zero.The counting pulses for these three displays are supplied through terminal P.The total sum display will be enabled whenever any of the three displays is enabled(this is done by a 3-input OR gate as shown in Figure 8).Retaining the contents of the last display will be done by unblanking it by supplying a low level of voltage to terminal I as shown in Figure 10 b.F.Changing Over Between Time and Distance Fares In the following part, two different methods for changing over between time andistance fares are suggested: The first is to switch to time fare whenever the distance fare is less than the time fare.Hence, a simple look to fares table can show that time fare should be used whenever the taxicab moves with speed less than 50 m/min.A possible circuit that can perform this switching action is shown in Figure IO c.It contains one rpm limit switch and a one inverter as well as two 2-input AND gates.The contacts of the limit switch are normally closed and will be opened whenever the angular speed of the speedometer cablexceeds 50 rmp.The second alternation is to connect the input of the inverter in Figure 10 c.to the output terminal Q of the speedometer circuit, Figure 2.In this case, the switching into time fare will be done whenever the taxicab is at stand still.G.Function of the Rotary Selector Switches The voltage levels that should be supplied by the terminals of the rotary selector switches in order to ensure proper operation by the electronic circuit are given in Table 3.Connection of three rotary selector switches each witb four decks of five poles each, that satisfy the logic function of Table 3, is shown in Figure 10 a.Rotating any of the three switches into fully clockwise direction will pass through five positions.The function of the rotary selector switches can be described starting from the first position passing through variousteps until reaching the final position as follows: Initial position: In this position a low voltage level is applied to terminals I, 2 and 3, this will disconnect the 5 volts supply from the three first displays, set the three inputs of the number of passenger detection circuit CTI to low level.A low voltage level is applied to terminals 8, D and H, this is to ensure that the total income display is disabled.Voltage levels at terminals A, C, G and S are at no care condition.Step I: Rotating any of the rotary selector switches one step toward clockwise direction will supply 5 volts to the corresponding display, provides a high level voltage at terminals 1, 2 or 3 indicating that one passenger have entered the taxicab.A high level voltage should be applied to terminals A, C or G in order to ensure that the corresponding display is still blanked.Other terminals B, D, H and S are kept unchanged.Step 2: Rotating the rotary selector switch one step further, will change the state of voltages at terminal A, C or G to be at low level and unblanks the corresponding display.States of voltages at terminals I, 2, 3 and S are remained unchanged.Terminals B, D and H should be remained at low level to ensure that the corresponding readout is cleared to zero while unblanking the display.二、中文翻譯.導言

在不發達的國家，早上把人們從他們家送到工作的地方，然后下午送回來已成為一個大問題，尤其是在大城市。

作為解決這個問題的一個部分，在某些國家出租車用來解決這個問題，送人們從一個地方到另外一個地方。例如，出租車的四個席位可攜帶四個不同的沒有任何關系的乘客，除了他們的路線是相同的。

因此，依靠目前的傳統的單車道計價以確定所需的票價，把每個乘客的計費分開，這已成為一個非常困難的問題。因此，在出租車司機，車主，乘客和國家稅務部門之間存在著不公平的財政關系。

在這種情況下，出租車司機強迫乘客支付多于他們所應付的。在某些情況下乘客支付了他們應付車費的雙倍。

本常規單頻道計程車，出租車司機不能夠確定出租車日常收入。在某些情況下（出租車的4個席位），他們可能只有出租車四分之一的收入（大部分的出租車司機）。從這些支付工資的出租車司機以及作為燃料費用外，還要維修以及汽車折舊等費用。事實上，出租車業主并非似乎如此糟糕。一項在出租車司機和車主之間的協議已經達成，司機應保證每天固定收入，以及向業主支付燃料以及維修的費用。即使如此，還是有的出租車司機的很大一部分份額之收入的出租車。現在還存在的單聲道計價，已經變得非常，國家稅務部門也知道這種困難 每年估計出租車業主的收入支出，以及應支付的稅務也很困難。

為了應對這一問題，國家稅務部已實行固定估計稅，每個座位的出租車不論收入。在本文中，我們介紹了多通道的士計程表，可處理超過一名乘客同時進行的情況。我應該指出，我所說的長期旅客指一個人或一組相關的人。我同時也應指出，我們提出的多渠道的計價，不是簡單地說，一個多顯示讀數。作為一個先進的事項，事實上它包含邏輯電路，可以自動計算變化的車費以及每公里行走距離或每分鐘的候車時間按照乘客人數雇用出租車。在下面的部分，我舉出一個例子，我們將介紹一個完整的三通道計價。框圖以及詳細的電路圖，實驗三通道計價功能也包括在內。原型下已建成 埃及贈款科學學院 和技術研究。2.實驗

出租車計價器理論的運作我們的實驗裝置從事電子數字計價依據。事實上速度電纜旋轉1 圈的每米距離行駛。因此，如果車速電纜耦合與速度傳感器，產生一個單脈沖每平方米的旅行距離，那么，我們的的士可以三倍于反模塊相與速度傳感器的單位。然而，我們的實驗是計價而不僅僅是只顯示三個讀數。事實上，它包含邏輯電路，可以根據每公里的行駛距離或每分鐘等候時間按照乘客人數雇用出租車來自動改變車費。該裝置可能會分成兩個主要部分組成：第一是速度傳感器，這個傳感器可位于任何地方，在出租車內進行這樣一個簡單的耦合車速電纜是可以實現的。

單位包含了主要的電子電路，顯示器以及控制面板。該單位應位于前排的司機和乘客之間。

A． 速度傳感器

其主要職能是本單位提供脈沖的培訓，這個脈沖的頻率會于旋轉角度相適合。一種可能的形式一個速度傳感器。如果可以包含正弦波發生器的輸出連接到脈沖整形電路的永磁器件（2通用芯片二極管，1000歐姆的電阻和施密特觸發逆變器）。

為了找到某種方式來檢測出租車的運動，正弦波發生器的輸出是糾正通過一個通用的硅二極管延胡索乙然后平滑的1000年F電容。那個輸出電壓在終端Q是當時限于價值4.7伏特用益歐姆的電阻以及一個齊納二極管ZD。出租車的終端電壓在終端Q將高電壓降為零。這電壓可作為改變出租車從距離計費到時間計費方式的開關電壓。

主要的電子和顯示單元

一個建議是主要形式的電子和顯示單元。控制和顯示器面板包含所有'控制所必需的經營的士以及四個可讀顯示器。第一頻道將給出從第一乘客，第二乘客，第三乘客分別應付的費用，第四個會給出總收入給予出租車。最后讀出的數據會包括停車的費用等等費用。頻道選擇器開關1，第2和第3個，按順時針/逆時針的立場。在充分逆時針的立場，反相應的讀出是未標明和殘疾人。以順時針方向則是未定義的，清除為零，對于第一第二第三的乘客分別計費。第四號推進總鈕第四次讀出，使任何人保留讀出相應的總收入。經過釋放按鈕，第四次讀出將再次保留。這個單位還包含主要電子電路將在下一節充分描述。

描述的主要電子電路

電路一般框圖主要電子電路。它由五個部分指定的電腦符號與電話系統整合成為4個支撐電路，它們是：判斷乘客數量電路CT1，旅行距離電路CT2，等待時間電路CT3，時鐘脈沖顯示電路CT4。

乘客人數檢測電路CT1，該電路電腦與電話系統整合有三個輸出：1，2和3相對應于三個輸出J，K和L。

這個循環電路函數包含高電壓的終端 J，K或L，如果有1個或者2，3個乘客分別租用出租車。這個組里的任意乘客都是一組相關的人。當一個乘客進入出租車后，我們只是表示這樣一種情況，自由讀出顯示在談到相應的旋轉選擇開關，以一個完全順時針方向。這將自動斷開相應的終端1，2或3個從地面。邏輯關系各種輸入端子之間第1，第2和第3個輸出端J，K和L是列于表1。作為一個組合電路，我們開始設計產生了一系列布爾函數。

一種可能的邏輯圖的基礎上，上述源性表達。它包括兩個變頻器，4個2輸入和3輸入以及2個3輸入或門。B.行駛距離標量環路CT2 如圖所示的方框圖圖4，電路CT2有4個輸入J，K，L及E和1個輸出M，輸出功能的電路是供應單脈沖的輸出M的某一些脈沖產生的輸出的速度傳感器（出租車行駛了一定得距離），根據乘客的人數租用的汽車。我們建議票價按每公里行駛距離顯示在兩個表格2里面。

這個環路，在這種情況下，應提供單脈沖的輸出M的每100，125或143脈沖所產生的輸入端根據級別的電壓輸入終端3，K或L。

我們的電路顯示，三個十年的計數器，作為一個三位數分頻器的分比率100，125和143個自動選定的電壓一級終端J，K和L分別。一種可能的線路圖可被驗證，上述功能如圖6。它包括三個十年的計數器7490，一個聲BCD-以杜威解碼器輸入7445，3個4輸入和1個3輸入以及1個2輸入和2個3輸入或門。

時間縮放電路CT3.時間縮放電路含有4個輸入端 J，K，L及F和一個輸出端N，這個電路的函數根據表格2的意思（車費每2分鐘的等待時間）是在J，K和L分別供應單脈沖到輸出端N時，提供單脈沖的輸出N。時間縮放電路將類似于距離標量環路，但是有不同的行駛比率。它包括3個十進制計數器7490，2個3輸入與門和一個5輸入與門，1個2輸入與門和一個3輸入或門。

電路產生時鐘脈沖的顯示電路CT4 這條電路的作用根據電壓電平在輸入終端J、K或者L，分別供應1，2或者脈沖在每脈沖的輸出終端R引起在任何終端N或M。無論輸入端N或者M中的誰發送脈沖，都只有一個脈沖能被輸出端P接收。它由一個反向計數器7493構成，其中一半是雙JK主從觸發器電路，型號為7476，包括三個變頻器，三個2輸入與門，一個3輸入與門，1 2輸入或門以及一個3輸入或門。當脈沖引起在輸入的終端N或M，觸發器的輸入Q上將產生高級電壓。這個門信號將被連接到計數器的輸入A并且連接到輸出終端R。當第一，第二或第三個脈沖由漣波計數器開始計數，J,K,L端會分別根據電壓的大小來使產生重置或者翻轉來改變狀態，然后Q端變為輸出低電壓。因此，1 KHz信號沒有能力到達輸出端R或是計數器的輸入端A。為了確保電路的函數準確無誤，當切換到新頻道時，觸發器要清零。對于功能選擇開關旋轉渠道的描述，稍后會以一個成功的5輸入門函數來解釋。

顯示電路

該顯示面板將包含三個4位數顯示器，這樣可以給出每個乘客應付車費的總和，一個六位數顯示器可以給出出租車的總收入。一種可能的接線圖的顯示電路。以順時針方向旋轉所選擇的開關將提供相應的顯示，這可以通過5伏電壓來分別控制1，第2和3終端。對應的顯示通過供應低級電壓通過終端A、C和G，分別。保持終端D和H在低級狀態下重置為零對應的顯示分別通過終端B,D,H而改變低壓狀態，并準備好從對應的乘客那里計算出相應的計數款額，計數脈沖這三個顯示器通過終端提供總額。計數器還將通過終端P為3個顯示器提供脈沖只要這三個顯示器中任意一個是正常的，那么總額將被顯示出來。

時間和距離變化時車費的改變

在下面的部分，兩種不同的方法使得時間和距離改變從而導致車費發生變化，有如下建議：首先是當以路程計價的費用低于以時間計費的費用時，采用時間計費。從此，一個簡單的票價表顯示當出租車移動速度小于50米/分時應該采用時間計費方式。一種可能的電路可以執行此開關行動，它包含一個轉速限位開關和一個反轉器以及兩個2輸入與門。接觸的限位開關通常是封閉，只有當角速度超過50RMP的時候才會打開。第二個改變將中斷連接到圖10C的輸入端，輸出端Q連接速度的電路。在這種情況下，只要出租車的狀態保持靜止，那么計費開關就會處于關閉狀態。

功能選擇旋轉開關

功能選擇開關旋轉的電壓應提供的該終端的旋轉選擇開關，以確保正常運行的電子電路列于表3。每5個桿就有4個板連接著3個旋轉選擇開關，每個符合邏輯功能表3，旋轉任何三個切換到完全順時針方向將通過5個職位。功能的旋轉選擇開關可以說是從第一的位置通過直到達到最后的立場如下：

初始位置：在這個位置上的低電壓電平適用于第一第二和第三終端，浙江斷開來自三個中一個顯示器的5伏特電壓供應，設置三個顯示器，乘客檢測電路并與電路系統整合到較低的水平。終端D,H采用低電壓，這是為了確保顯示的總收入選項已被禁用。

步驟1：以順時針方向旋轉任何旋轉選擇開關一格將提供5伏特電壓到相應的顯示，提供一個高等級的電壓終端1，2或3，這表明一名乘客已經進入了出租車。終端C，G應為高電平，以確保相應的顯示仍然是籠罩。其他端口，如D，H端口保持不變。

步驟2：旋轉旋轉選擇開關1，然后將在終端A，C或G上改變電壓使其處于低電壓狀態，并會產生相應的顯示。終端1，2，3以及S上的電壓狀態保持不變。終端B，D和H應保持在較低水平，以確保當顯示為無數據時相應的讀出清除為零。

第四篇：張理想畢業設計中英文翻譯

南京工業大學學士學位（英文資料翻譯）

畢業設計(論文)英文翻譯

學生姓名： 張 理 想 學 號： P1704070315 所在學院： 浦 江 學 院 專 業： 藝術設計（展示設計）設計(論文)題目：連 云 港 市 商 業 空 間 設 計 指導教師： 趙 慧 寧

2011年 2月6日

南京工業大學學士學位（英文資料翻譯）

譯文：

展覽空間形態的多樣化設計

一、展示空間的發展趨勢

在信息社會化的今天，展示空間超越了僅僅作為展覽建筑的一部分而存在，更多地與辦公空間、文化娛樂空間、商業空間等其它空間類型和城市公共空間融合在一起，彼此間的功能界限變得模糊，成為承載社會文化活動的多元場所。最近10年是展覽建筑及展示空間迅速發展的時期。不同類型的展覽建筑其內部空間的特點也各不相同，展示空間正向多元化、個性化發展。

在藝術展示空間，由于當代藝術品在形式和體量上的突破使得空間由傳統的、經典的垂直的墻面轉向水平的地面、垂直的空中，甚至加上聲像和互動技巧，突破了三度空間的限制。展示空間的設計常常會和展示內容、主題結合起來，使空間更加積極地參與到展示中，成為信息傳播的媒介，體現信息化與藝術化。

同時，數字技術的發展和進步產生了虛擬的展示空間，雖然虛擬空間還不會取代實體空間的存在，但是強大的技術力量己經重構了人們的空間觀念，改變了傳統的信息交流模式，成為新時代展示空間發展的新趨勢。

二、展示空間形態的特征

展示空間必須滿足人的流動或運動的基本需要，即在一定的時間過程中，通過對展示空間的認知和感受來獲取信息。拋開時間的三維空間，展示空間僅僅是一種自存狀態。由于現代展示的空間造型運用新技術與新材料，以及對環境和歷史等方面的重視，使得純凈幾何形的造型體系越來越走向“弱化”的境地。

1、形態的可變性

在信息時代，藝術的發展以及藝術家的創作模式和表述形式上處于不斷更新狀態。為適應這樣的變化，這類展示空間必須具有一定的彈性和可變性，去代替以往的穩定性。無論是交互的裝置藝術，還是利用數字技術的多媒體作品，都要求新的展覽建筑與內部空間成為一個混合體，不但包含常規的展覽方式，更是一個能適應多變的活動與事件的裝置。“空間，也是一種市場手段。”這是荷蘭建筑師雷姆?庫哈斯對現代社會的商業文化進行了長期研究而得出的結論。將展覽活動在內的多種文化活動植入購物領域，把人們從單調的購物的環境中解脫出來，同時展覽活動也成為商家品牌戰略的重要組成。庫哈斯設計的普拉達紐約專賣店實現了將購物空間向公共空間的轉化。在大廈的一層和地下室，為了使店面與地下一層自然連接，首先將整個寬度的地面同時下降，然后再升高到地面層的高度，形成了一個凹陷狀的“波”。在坡道上的特大斑馬紋的木階梯被用作非正式的展示空間，人們可以在這里進行選購。按一個按鈕一個舞臺就會從對面的坡道上旋轉出來，把階梯變成一個可供觀看表演、電影放映和演講的觀眾席。

2、形態的不定式

在數字化信息化時代大潮的影響下，建筑審美傾向也發生了改變。在形體塑造方面出現了反叛單一形體和強幾何形體的不定式形態。展示空間的不定形態增強了空間的動感，為展示提供了更多的可能，也帶來了更加豐富的空間體驗。

漸進線小組設計的梅塞德斯——奔馳博物館是一個不定形態展示空間的典型例子。將建筑中所有的界面和構件全部彎曲、軟化，利用博物館的開放式大空間形成一個“地景式”的

南京工業大學學士學位（英文資料翻譯）

空間界面。展覽在一個波狀拓撲變化的表面展開，為參觀者提供了無數的視點，更彰顯了汽車帶給人類的行動力和那種獨有的運動感。參觀者既可以依照既定路線循序而觀，也可以徜徉于室內的景觀之中自由瀏覽。樓板上的自由的孔洞，加強了不同樓層之間的空間視覺聯系和交通聯系。

三、展示空間形態的多樣化設計

展示空間已成為新觀念、新思潮、新技術的試驗對象。新技術與新媒介的組合運用，產生了以聲、像、色、光組合的新展示模式形式，豐富的視聽信息使今天的展示藝術更有魅力。然而，藝術對展示空間的影響一方面通過藝術作品表現出來；另一方面，藝術以多種形式、以媒體、材料等豐富的多元姿態登上展示的舞臺，并影響到空間形態的基本特質。展示形態中藝術和技術特點的結合體現，使空間能更加充分地體現出時代的“新”特征和未來建筑發展的新趨向。

1、新理念的運用

隨著時代的發展，人性化的展示空間已成為我們追求的目標。展示空間無可替代的公眾性使其具有更多的人性色彩，使技術的人情化處理手法有了更多的表現空間。人性化的技術設計，可尊重展覽建筑的地域環境和歷史文化；設計中的隱喻與象征體現使空間與人之間能夠很好的交流；自然體系的引入也是人們對最初場所的留戀。倫佐.皮亞諾設計的吉巴歐文化中心是展示卡納克族文化的一組建筑。建筑的空間和結構形式繼承了當地傳統民居—棚屋的特色，外部材料使用不銹鋼和當地出產的木材。棚屋朝向貫穿中心通道而開放；建筑外殼上的開口用于吸納海風或引導對流，針對不同的風速和風向，百葉不同方向的開合可以控制室內氣流，最大限度的利用了自然條件降溫降濕。該建筑充分表現出他的高技術對人的重視與關懷。

2、新技術的運用

同柯布西埃當年探索混凝土形態的表現力一樣，當代建筑師開始探索影像，使空間界面圖像化與信息化。在建筑的表現力上，他們認為影像和形態實際是一個物體的兩個方面，都是為了獲得人們所期望的建筑視覺效果。而在視覺吸引力上，具有三維動畫效果的影像是僵硬的混凝土無法比擬的，表達空間信息的載體不再僅限于“硬”的墻體，而是被抽象、“軟化”了的影像符號。2008北京奧運鳥巢開幕式中，聲、光、電、水、火的完美結合以無以倫比的藝術體現及非凡的光影效果展示了中華古老文明，為開幕式的成功奠定了基礎。LED（發光二極管）在這里得到最大限度的利用，創歷屆之最，無數顆LED將體育場打造成數字時代的多媒體空間，其制造的光影效果與表演密切結合，幻化出各種圖案，將

南京工業大學學士學位（英文資料翻譯）

觀眾引入夢幻般的世界中。

“智能化”設計則從根本上利用前沿的科學技術，提升了建筑的智能。目前，很多建筑師設計的展示空間都體現了“智能化”的傾向，他們綜合利用信息媒體技術，并在設計中融合多種專業、多門學科，使傳統的靜態空間充滿生機。美國建筑師格雷.林(GregLynn)為奧地利OMV公司設計的H2展覽館就體現了這一點。該展覽館是用于展示公司最新太陽能技術和節能技術的場所，建筑利用了許多高新技術，它的表皮可以根據太陽的移動表現出不同的形態。內部空間中也融入了數字技術，觀眾可以通過觸摸屏幕和移動開關進入數字世界。

3、當代藝術的體現

展示空間的發展也總是和藝術的進步相伴而行，無論是文藝復興、啟蒙運動、現代主義、信息化的時代，展覽建筑及空間的設計往往都在一定程度上展現了同一時代的藝術觀念。然而當代藝術的啟迪與融合，更是空間造型的重要源泉，因此，在技術中彌漫的藝術性成為當代展示空間所特有的氣質

附英文原文：

The diversity of the exhibition space form design

First, showing the space development trend

In the information society today, showing the space beyond just as part of the exhibition building there and more with office space, cultural entertainment space, commercial space and other space type and urban public space fuses in together, each other's functional bounds, become blurred bearing social and cultural activities of the DuoYuan places.In recent 10 years is the exhibition building and showing the space of the rapid development of the period.Different types of the exhibition building the interior space and the characteristics of each are not identical, showing the space is diversified, and the individuation development.南京工業大學學士學位（英文資料翻譯）

In art exhibition space, because contemporary art in form and dimension of breakthroughs in space by the traditional, that classic vertical metope to the ground of the level, vertical air, even with audio-visual and interaction skills, broke through the three dimensional limit.The design of the exhibition space will often and display content, combined theme, make space more actively involved in the display, become the medium of information transmission, reflect the information and art is changed.Second, the morphological characteristics of exhibition space

Display space must meet the flow of people or the basic needs of movement, that is, in a certain time process, through the display space of the cognitive and feeling to get information.Despite the time of three dimensional space, showing the space is only a save from state.Because the modern show space modelling use new technology and new materials, as well as to the environment and other historical value, making pure geometry modelling system more to the “weakening” position.1, the variability of form

In the information age, the development of the arts and the artist's creation pattern and expression form in a continuous update status.In order to adapt to such a change, this kind of exhibition space must have a certain flexibility and variability, to replace the stability of the past.Whether the installation art, or interaction using a digital technology, multimedia works, require new exhibition architecture and interior space to become a hybrid, not only contain the conventional exhibition, but also a way to adapt to the changing of the events of the activities and the device.“Space, also be a kind of market means.” This is the Dutch architect rem? Library of the modern society had commercial culture and the conclusion of the long-term study.The activities of cultural activities, DuoZhong implanted shopping areas, people from the monotony of shopping environment freed, and exhibition activities also become an important component of the brand strategy of business.Rem koolhaas's prada New York stores will shopping space to realize the transformation of the public space.In the building of a layer and the basement, in order to make the stores and underground a layer of natural connection, the first of the width of the ground at the same time, and then down to the ground floor of high rise, formed a depression，南京工業大學學士學位（英文資料翻譯）

“wave”.The ramp of extreme zebra grain on the wooden ladder is used as informal display space, people can be here the choose and buy.Press a button a stage will be from the opposite hill, rotating out into a ladder for the show, cinema and the speech.2, the form of infinitive

In the digital information era under the influence of the aesthetic tendency, building have also changed.In the body shaping the rebel have a single form and strong geometrical form of infinitive form.Display space form of the space between enhance move feeling, for display offers more possible, also brought more rich experience of space.Gradual line design team of the Mercedes Benz-museum is a form of uncertain display space typical example.Will building all the interface and the component all bending, softening, use of the museum's open large space form a “landscape type” space interface.The exhibition in a wave of topology changes for the visitors on the surface, providing countless point of view, more reveal the car brings human action and that the unique athletic feeling.Visitors can view in accordance with established by route and, also can enjoy the indoor landscape in free browse.On the floor of the free hole, strengthening the different floor space between the visual contact and transport links.Three, show the diversity of the space form design

Display space has become a new concept, new thoughts, new technical subjects.New technology and new media, produced using the sound, like, color, light combination of new display mode, rich audio-visual information form that today's show art more attractive.However, to show the influence of art space on one hand through the art work shows out;On the other hand, art DuoZhong form, with the media, and materials of the rich DuoYuan stance on the stage of the show, and the impact on the basic characteristics of the space form.Display form art and technical characteristics of combining reflected, make the space can more fully reflect The Times “new” features and the new developing trend of future architecture.1, the new idea of use

南京工業大學學士學位（英文資料翻譯）

With the development of The Times, the human nature in the display space has become the goal of our pursuit.Display space irreplaceable public make it has more human nature color, make contribution to the technology processing technique have more performance space.The human nature in the technology design, can respect the exhibition building regional environment and history culture;In the design of metaphor and symbol to reflect space and person can be good communication between;The introduction of the natural system is of first place people want to stay.Aaron carrizo.Skin jarno design, the auspicious OuWenHua center is showing a group of creek state culture construction.Building space and structure forms inherit the traditional houses-shed the local characteristics, external material use stainless steel and local produce of wood.Hut throughout the center channel toward open;Building the enclosure for the open sea breeze or guide convection, absorbing according to different wind speed and direction of the different direction, shutter open indoor airflow control, maximum use of the natural conditions cooling down wet.The building is sufficient to show his high technology on the people's attention and care.2, the use of the new technology

Le corbusier's west with that explore the expressive force of concrete form as contemporary architects began to explore, image, make the space interface visualization and information.In building expression and they think images and form is actually an object in two aspects, is to have people of the expectations of architectural visual effect.And in visual appeal, has the three dimensional animation effects of image is stiff concrete can not match the carrier of information, expressive space no longer tied to the “hard” wall body, but by the abstract, “softening” image symbols.2008 Beijing the Olympic bird's nest opening ceremony, sound, light, electricity, water, fire is the perfect combination of the art of incomparable to reflect and special lighting effect of the Chinese ancient civilization, show for the opening ceremony of success laid the foundation.The LED(light emitting diode)in here to get maximum use, and all the most, millions of LED will fight a stadium of the digital age, the manufacturing of multimedia space shadows and performance closely combining all kinds of patterns, such a fantastic world into the audience.南京工業大學學士學位（英文資料翻譯）

“Intelligent design” is basically use the frontier science and technology, and to promote the building of intelligence.At present, many architect design display space reflect the “intelligent” tendencies, comprehensive utilization of their information media technology, and in the design of fusion DuoZhong professional, the multi-discipline, make traditional static space full of vitality.American architect gray.Lin(GregLynn)for Austria OMV company design of H2 exhibition hall reflected that.The exhibition hall is used to display the latest solar technology and energy saving technology, site of the building use many high technology and new technology, its skin may, according to the sun moves had different forms.Internal space also blended in digital technology, the audience can touch the screen and switch by moving into the digital world.and the embodiment of contemporary art。

The development of exhibition space and the progress of the art is always accompanied whatsoever, the Renaissance, the enlightenment, modernism, the information time and space, the exhibition building design is usually in a certain extent, show the same age ideas about art.However the inspiration of the contemporary art and the fusion, but also an important source of space modelling, therefore, in the technology of contemporary art was in a display space unique temperament。

——資料來源：http://www.tmdps.cn/viewthread.php?tid=113310&extra= 2011/06/16 晚上21:50

第五篇：!出租車計價器畢業設計中英文翻譯

畢業論文準備

ABSTRACT In this paper, a multi-channel taximeter that is able to deal with more than one passenger simultaneously is proposed.In order to demonstrate the theory of operation of the proposed system, a complete design for an experimental three-channel taximeter(whose prototype has been built under grant from the Egyptian Academy for Scientific and Technological Research)is presented.System location, outline, block diagrams as well as detailed circuit diagrams for the experimental taximeter are also included.1.INTRODUCTION Transporting people in the morning from their homes to their works and back in the afternoon has become a big problem in big cities especially in undeveloped countries.As a partial solution of this problem, the authorities in some countries had, unofficially, left the taxicab drivers to carry different passengers to different places at the Same time.For example, a taxicab with four seats may carry four different passengers without any relation between them except that their way of travelling is the same.Accordingly, it has become very difficult to rely on the present conventional single-channel taximeter to determine the fare required from each passenger separately.Accordingly, an unfair financial relation was created between the taxicab driver, owner, passengers and the state taxation department.Under these circumstances, taxicab drivers force the passengers to pay more than what they should pay.In some cases passengers had to pay double fare they should pay.With the present conventional single-channel taximeter, taxicab owners are not able to determine the daily income of their taxicab.In some cases(a taxicab with four seats)they may only get one quarter of the income of the taxicab(collected by the taxicab driver).From which they should pay the salary of the taxicab driver as well as the cost of fuel, minor and major repairs in addition to the car depreciation.As a matter of fact the position of the taxicab owners is not so bad as it seems.A general agreement has been reached between the taxicab drivers and owners such that the drivers should guarantee a fixed daily income to the owners as well as the paying for the cost of fuel as well as the minor repaires.Even though the taxicab drivers still share the large portion ofthe income of the taxicab.Also with the presence of the single-channel taximeter, it has become very difficult for the state taxation department to know the yearly income of the taxicab and accordingly it has become very difficult to estimate the taxes to be paid by the taxicab owners.In order to face this problem, the state taxation department had to impose a fixed estimated taxes for each seat of the taxicab whatever the income of the taxicab.In this paper, we introduced a multichannel taximeter that can deal with more than one passenger simultaneously.I t should be pointed out that by the term passenger we mean a one person or a group of related persons.I t should also be pointed out that our proposed multi-channel taximeter is not, simply, a multi display readouts.As a matter of fact it contains logic circuits that automatically changes the fare per killometer of travelling distance or per minutes of 'waiting time according to the number of passengers hiring the taxicab.In the following part and as an example, we will present a complete design for a three-channel taximeter.Block diagrams as well as detailed circuit diagrams of the experimental three-channel taximeter are also included.A prototype has been built under grant from the Egyptian Academy for Scientific and Technological Research.2.AN EXPERIMENTAL THREECHANNEL TAXIMETER Theory of operation of our experimental device to work as an electronic digital taximeter is based on t h e fact thathe speedometer cable rotates one revolution for each meter of travelling distance.Accordingly, if the speedometer cable is coupled with a speed sensor that generates a single pulse for each meter of travelling distance, then our taximeter could be three up counter modules associated with a speed sensor unit.However, our experimental taximeter is not simply a three display readouts.As a matter offact it contains logic circuits that automatically changes the fare per kilometer of travelling distance or per minutes of waiting time according to the number of passengers hiring the taxicab.The device may be splitted into two main parts: The first is the speed sensor unit which may be located anywhere in the taxicab such that an easy coupling to the speedometer cable can be achieved.The second unit contains the main electronic circuit, the displayand control panel.The unit should be located somewhere in front of both the driver and the passengers.A possible components locations is shown in Figure 1.A.Speed Sensor Unit The main function of this unit is to supply train of pulses whose frequency is proportional to the angular rotation of the wheels.A possible form of a speed sensor is shown in Figure 2.If may consist of a tj.pica1 permanent magnet sine wave generator with its output connected to a pulse shapping circuit(two general purpose silicon diodes, 1K ohms resistor and a schmit trigger inverter).In order to find some way to detect the movement of the taxicab, the output of the sine wave generator is rectified through a general purpose silicon diode Dl then smoothed by a 1000 F capacitor.The output voltage at terminal Q is then limited to the value of 4.7 volts by using a Ik ohms resistor as well as a zener diode ZD.The level of the voltage at terminal Q would be high whenever the taxicab is moving and will be zero otherwise.This voltage can be used for the automatic switching from distance fare to time fare.B.Main Electronic and Display Unit A suggested shape for the main electronic and display unit is shown in Figure 3.The control and display panel contains all ' controls necessary for operating the taximeter as well as four readout displays.The first channel will give the sum of money required from the first passenger, while the second and third readouts are for the second and third passengers, respectively.The fourth readout will give the total income of the taxicab.The contents of the last readout should be nonvolatile and be able to be retained even during parking the taxicab.The channel rotary selector switchs 1 , 2 and 3 have fully clockwise/anticlockwise positions.In the fully anticlockwise position, the counter of the corresponding readout is blancked and disabled.In the fully clockwise position, the counter is unblanked, cleared to zero and enabled to be ready for counting the sum of money required from the first, second and third passengers, respectively.Pushing the total sum pushbutton 4 unblanks the fourth readout enabling any person to retain the readout corresponding to the total income.After the release of the pushbutton, the fourth readout will be blanked again.This unit also contains the main electronic circuit which will be fully described in the following section.3.DESCRIBTION OF THE MAIN ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT The general block diagram of the main electronic circuit is shown in Figure 4.It consists of five subcircuits designated by the symboles CTI up to CT4supporting circuits, these are: The number of passenger deticition circuit CTI, travelling distance scaling circuit CT2, waiting time scaling circuit CT3, circuit CT4 which generates clock pulses for the display circuit.A.Number of Passengers Detection Circuit CT1 As shown from the general block diagram, the circuit CTI has three inputs I, 2 and 3 as well as three outputs J, K and L.The function of the circuit is to supply a high level voltage at terminals J, K or L if and only if one, two or three passengers are hiring the taxicab, respectively.The term passenger, here, means one person or a group of related persons.When a passenger is getting into the cab, we simply turn on a free readout display by turning the corresponding rotary selector switch to a fully clockwise direction.This will automatically disconnect the corresponding terminal I, 2 or 3 from ground.The logical relation between various input terminals I, 2 and 3 and the output terminals J, K and L is shown in Table 1.As a combinational circuit we start the design by deriving a set of boolean functions.A possible simplified boolean functions that gives minimum number of inputs to gates may be obtained from Table I.A possible logical diagram that is based on the above derived expressions is shown in Figure 5.It consists of two inverters, four 2-input AND, to3-input AND two 3-input OR gates B.Tavelling Distance Scaling Circuit CT2 As shown from the block diagram of Figure 4, the circuit CT2 has four input J, K, L and E and one output M.The function of the circuit is to supply a single pulse at the output M for a certain number of pulses generated at the output of the speed sensor(certain number of meters travelled by the taxicab), according to the number of passengers hiring the car.A suggested fare per kilometer of travelling distance is shown in colomn two of Table 2.the circuit, in this case, should supply a single pulse at the output M for every 100, 125 or 143 pulses generated at the input terminal E according to the level of voltage at input terminale 3, K or L, respectively.Our circuit could be, as shown in Figure 5, three decade counters, connected as a three digit frequency divider whose dividing ratios 100, 125 and 143 are automatically selected by the voltage level at terminals J, K and L, respectively.A possible circuit diagram that may verify the above function is shown in Figure 6.It consists of three decade counters type 7490, one BCD-to decimal decoder type 7445, three 4-input AND, one 3-input ANDone 2-input AND two 3-input OR gates.C.Time Scaling Circuit CT3 As shown in the block diagram, the time scalingcircuit will have four inputs J, K, L and F and one output N.The function of this circuit and accordingto colomn three of Table 2(fare per 2 minuts of waiting time)is to supply a single pulse at the output N for every 120, 240 or 360 pulses supplied at the input terminal F from the I Hz clock according to level of voltage at inputs J, K and L, respectively.Time scaling circuit would be similar to the distance scaling circuit but with different diving ratios.A Possible circuit diagram is shown in figure 7.It consists, in this case, of three decade counter type 7490, two 3-input AND, one 5-input AND, one 2-input AND one 3-input OR gates.D.Circuit CT4 Which Generates Clock Pulses for Display Circuit The function of this circuit is to supply one, two or three pulses at the output terminal R for each pulse generated at any of the terminals N or M, according to the voltage level at the input terminals J, K or L, respectively.The output P will receive a pulse for each pulse generated at any of the input terminals N or M.This function can be performed by the circuit shown in Figure 8, it consists of one ripple counter type 7493, one half of a dual JK masterslave flip-flops circuit type 7476, three inverters, three 2-input AND, one 3-input AND, one 2-input OR and one 3-input OR gates.When a pulse is generated at either input terminals N or M, a high level voltage will be generated at the output Q of the flip-flop.This will g a t e t h e I Khz signal to be connected to the input A of the ripple counter as well as to the output terminal R.When one, two or three pulses are counted by the ripple counter, according to the level of voltage at the input terminals J, K and L, respectively, a high is generated to reset the counter and change the state of the flip-flopsuch that Q becomes low.Hence, the 1 KHz signal is disabled to reach the outputerminal R or the input A of the ripple counter.In order to ensure the proper function of the circuit, the flip-flop should be cleared whenever a new channel is operated.This has been achieved by the input 5 and will be explained later when describing the function of the channels rotary selector switchs.E.Display Circuit As shown in Figure 2, the display panel would contain three 4-digit displays that give the sum of money required from each passenger separately as well as a one six-digit display that gives the total income of the taxicab.A possible wiring diagram for the display circuit is shown in Figure 9.Rotating any of the rotary selector switches to fully clockwise direction will supply the corresponding display by5 volts through terminals 1, 2 and 3, respectively.The corresponding display will be unblanked by supplying a low level of voltage through terminals A, C and G, respectively.Keeping terminals 8, D and H, respectively, at low level will keep them reset to zero.The corresponding display is then enabled by removing the low voltage from terminals B, D, and H, respectively, to be ready for counting the sum of money required from the corresponding passenger starting from zero.The counting pulses for these three displays are supplied through terminal P.The total sum display will be enabled whenever any of the three displays is enabled(this is done by a 3-input OR gate as shown in Figure 8).Retaining the contents of the last display will be done by unblanking it by supplying a low level of voltage to terminal I as shown in Figure 10 b.F.Changing Over Between Time and Distance Fares In the following part, two different methods for changing over between time andistance fares are suggested: The first is to switch to time fare whenever the distance fare is less than the time fare.Hence, a simple look to fares table(Table 2)can show that time fare should be used whenever the taxicab moves with speed less than 50 m/min.A possible circuit that can perform this switching action is shown in Figure IO c.It contains one rpm limit switch and a one inverter as well as two 2-input AND gates.The contacts of the limit switch are normally closed and will be opened whenever the angular speed of the speedometer cablexceeds 50 rmp.The second alternation is to connect the input of the inverter in Figure 10 c.to the output terminal Q of the speedometer circuit, Figure 2.In this case, the switching into time fare will be done whenever the taxicab is at stand still.G.Function of the Rotary Selector Switches The voltage levels that should be supplied by the terminals of the rotary selector switches in order to ensure proper operation by the electronic circuit are given in Table 3.Connection of three rotary selector switches each witb four decks of five poles each, that satisfy the logic function of Table 3, is shown in Figure 10 a.Rotating any of the three switches into fully clockwise direction will pass through five positions.The function of the rotary selector switches can be described starting from the first position passing through variousteps until reaching the final position as follows: Initial position: In this position a low voltage level is applied to terminals I, 2 and 3, this will disconnect the 5 volts supply from the three first displays, set the three inputs of the number of passenger detection circuit CTI to low level.A low voltage level is applied to terminals 8, D and H, this is to ensure that the total income display is disabled.Voltage levels at terminals A, C, G and S are at no care condition.Step I: Rotating any of the rotary selector switches one step toward clockwise direction will supply 5 volts to the corresponding display, provides a high level voltage at terminals 1, 2 or 3 indicating that one passenger have entered the taxicab.A high level voltage should be applied to terminals A, C or G in order to ensure that the corresponding display is still blanked.Other terminals B, D, H and S are kept unchanged.Step 2: Rotating the rotary selector switch one step further, will change the state of voltages at terminal A, C or G to be at low level and unblanks the corresponding display.States of voltages at terminals I, 2, 3 and S are remained unchanged.Terminals B, D and H should be remained at low level to ensure that the corresponding readout is cleared to zero while unblanking the display.二、中文翻譯

摘要

本文提出了一種出租車多通道計價的方案，能同時處理一個以上乘客的情形。為了從理論上說明本方案，提出了一個實驗上的三通道型的士的完整設計（其原型是根據埃及科學和技術研究學院的研究而建成得）。.導言

在不發達的國家，早上把人們從他們家送到工作的地方，然后下午送回來已成為一個大問題，尤其是在大城市。

作為解決這個問題的一個部分，在某些國家出租車用來解決這個問題，送人們從一個地方到另外一個地方。例如，出租車的四個席位可攜帶四個不同的沒有任何關系的乘客，除了他們的路線是相同的。

因此，依靠目前的傳統的單車道計價以確定所需的票價，把每個乘客的計費分開，這已成為一個非常困難的問題。因此，在出租車司機，車主，乘客和國家稅務部門之間存在著不公平的財政關系。

在這種情況下，出租車司機強迫乘客支付多于他們所應付的。在某些情況下乘客支付了他們應付車費的雙倍。

本常規單頻道計程車，出租車司機不能夠確定出租車日常收入。在某些情況下（出租車的4個席位），他們可能只有出租車四分之一的收入（大部分的出租車司機）。從這些支付工資的出租車司機以及作為燃料費用外，還要維修以及汽車折舊等費用。事實上，出租車業主并非似乎如此糟糕。一項在出租車司機和車主之間的協議已經達成，司機應保證每天固定收入，以及向業主支付燃料以及維修的費用。即使如此，還是有的出租車司機的很大一部分份額之收入的出租車。現在還存在的單聲道計價，已經變得非常，國家稅務部門也知道這種困難 每年估計出租車業主的收入支出，以及應支付的稅務也很困難。

為了應對這一問題，國家稅務部已實行固定估計稅，每個座位的出租車不論收入。在本文中，我們介紹了多通道的士計程表，可處理超過一名乘客同時進行的情況。我應該指出，我所說的長期旅客指一個人或一組相關的人。我同時也應指出，我們提出的多渠道的計價，不是簡單地說，一個多顯示讀數。作為一個先進的事項，事實上它包含邏輯電路，可以自動計算變化的車費以及每公里行走距離或每分鐘的候車時間按照乘客人數雇用出租車。在下面的部分，我舉出一個例子，我們將介紹一個完整的三通道計價。框圖以及詳細的電路圖，實驗三通道計價功能也包括在內。原型下已建成 埃及贈款科學學院 和技術研究。.實驗THREECHANNEL

出租車計價器理論的運作我們的實驗裝置從事電子數字計價依據。事實上速度電纜旋轉1 圈的每米距離行駛。因此，如果車速電纜耦合與速度傳感器，產生一個單脈沖每平方米的旅行距離，那么，我們的的士可以三倍于反模塊相與速度傳感器的單位。然而，我們的實驗是計價而不僅僅是只顯示三個讀數。事實上，它包含邏輯電路，可以根據每公里的行駛距離或每分鐘等候時間按照乘客人數雇用出租車來自動改變車費。該裝置可能會分成兩個主要部分組成：第一是速度傳感器，這個傳感器可位于任何地方，在出租車內進行這樣一個簡單的耦合車速電纜是可以實現的。

單位包含了主要的電子電路，顯示器以及控制面板。該單位應位于前排的司機和乘客之間。

A． 速度傳感器

其主要職能是本單位提供脈沖的培訓，這個脈沖的頻率會于旋轉角度相適合。一種可能的形式一個速度傳感器。如果可以包含正弦波發生器的輸出連接到脈沖整形電路的永磁器件（2通用芯片二極管，1000歐姆的電阻和施密特觸發逆變器）。

為了找到某種方式來檢測出租車的運動，正弦波發生器的輸出是糾正通過一個通用的硅二極管延胡索乙然后平滑的1000年F電容。那個輸出電壓在終端Q是當時限于價值4.7伏特用益歐姆的電阻以及一個齊納二極管ZD。出租車的終端電壓在終端Q將高電壓降為零。這電壓可作為改變出租車從距離計費到時間計費方式的開關電壓。

主要的電子和顯示單元

一個建議是主要形式的電子和顯示單元。控制和顯示器面板包含所有'控制所必需的經營的士以及四個可讀顯示器。第一頻道將給出從第一乘客，第二乘客，第三乘客分別應付的費用，第四個會給出總收入給予出租車。最后讀出的數據會包括停車的費用等等費用。頻道選擇器開關1，第2和第3個，按順時針/逆時針的立場。在充分逆時針的立場，反相應的讀出是未標明和殘疾人。以順時針方向則是未定義的，清除為零，對于第一第二第三的乘客分別計費。第四號推進總鈕第四次讀出，使任何人保留讀出相應的總收入。經過釋放按鈕，第四次讀出將再次保留。這個單位還包含主要電子電路將在下一節充分描述。描述的主要電子電路

它由五個部分指定的電腦符號與電話系統整合成為4個支撐電路，它們是：判斷乘客數量電路CT1，旅行距離電路CT2，等待時間電路CT3，時鐘脈沖顯示電路CT4。

乘客人數檢測電路CT1如圖所示的一般框圖，該電路電腦與電話系統整合有三個輸出：1，2和3相對應于三個輸出J，K和L。

這個循環電路函數包含高電壓的終端 J，K或L，如果有1個或者2，3個乘客分別租用出租車。這個組里的任意乘客都是一組相關的人。當一個乘客進入出租車后，我們只是表示這樣一種情況，自由讀出顯示在談到相應的旋轉選擇開關，以一個完全順時針方向。這將自動斷開相應的終端1，2或3個從地面。邏輯關系各種輸入端子之間第1，第2和第3個輸出端J，K和L是列于表1。作為一個組合電路，我們開始設計產生了一系列布爾函數。

一種可能的邏輯圖的基礎上，它包括兩個變頻器，4個2輸入和3輸入以及2個3輸入或門。B.行駛距離標量環路CT2，電路CT2有4個輸入J，K，L及E和1個輸出M，輸出功能的電路是供應單脈沖的輸出M的某一些脈沖產生的輸出的速度傳感器（出租車行駛了一定得距離），根據乘客的人數租用的汽車。我們建議票價按每公里行駛距離顯示在兩個表格2里面。

表2 這個環路，在這種情況下，應提供單脈沖的輸出M的每100，125或143脈沖所產生的輸入端根據級別的電壓輸入終端3，K或L。

我們的電路按圖5顯示，三個十年的計數器，作為一個三位數分頻器的分比率100，125和143個自動選定的電壓一級終端J，K和L分別。一種可能的線路圖可被驗證，它包括三個十年的計數器7490，一個聲BCD-以杜威解碼器輸入7445，3個4輸入和1個3輸入以及1個2輸入和2個3輸入或門。

時間縮放電路CT3.時間縮放電路含有4個輸入端 J，K，L及F和一個輸出端N，這個電路的函數根據表格2的意思（車費每2分鐘的等待時間）是在J，K和L分別供應單脈沖到輸出端N時，提供單脈沖的輸出N。時間縮放電路將類似于距離標量環路，但是有不同的行駛比率。它包括3個十進制計數器7490，2個3輸入與門和一個5輸入與門，1個2輸入與門和一個3輸入或門。

電路產生時鐘脈沖的顯示電路CT4 這條電路的作用根據電壓電平在輸入終端J、K或者L，分別供應1，2或者脈沖在每脈沖的輸出終端R引起在任何終端N或M。無論輸入端N或者M中的誰發送脈沖，都只有一個脈沖能被輸出端P接收。它由一個反向計數器7493構成，其中一半是雙JK主從觸發器電路，型號為7476，包括三個變頻器，三個2輸入與門，一個3輸入與門，1 2輸入或門以及一個3輸入或門。當脈沖引起在輸入的終端N或M，觸發器的輸入Q上將產生高級電壓。這個門信號將被連接到計數器的輸入A并且連接到輸出終端R。當第一，第二或第三個脈沖由漣波計數器開始計數，J,K,L端會分別根據電壓的大小來使產生重置或者翻轉來改變狀態，然后Q端變為輸出低電壓。因此，1 KHz信號沒有能力到達輸出端R或是計數器的輸入端A。為了確保電路的函數準確無誤，當切換到新頻道時，觸發器要清零。對于功能選擇開關旋轉渠道的描述，稍后會以一個成功的5輸入門函數來解釋。

顯示電路

該顯示面板將包含三個4位數顯示器，這樣可以給出每個乘客應付車費的總和，一個六位數顯示器可以給出出租車的總收入。以順時針方向旋轉所選擇的開關將提供相應的顯示，這可以通過5伏電壓來分別控制1，第2和3終端。對應的顯示通過供應低級電壓通過終端A、C和G，分別。保持終端D和H在低級狀態下重置為零對應的顯示分別通過終端B,D,H而改變低壓狀態，并準備好從對應的乘客那里計算出相應的計數款額，計數脈沖這三個顯示器通過終端提供總額。計數器還將通過終端P為3個顯示器提供脈沖只要這三個顯示器中任意一個是正常的，那么總額將被顯示出來。

時間和距離變化時車費的改變

在下面的部分，兩種不同的方法使得時間和距離改變從而導致車費發生變化，有如下建議：首先是當以路程計價的費用低于以時間計費的費用時，采用時間計費。從此，一個簡單的票價表顯示當出租車移動速度小于50米/分時應該采用時間計費方式。一種可能的電路可以執行此開關行動如圖10c，它包含一個轉速限位開關和一個反轉器以及兩個2輸入與門。接觸的限位開關通常是封閉，只有當角速度超過50RMP的時候才會打開。第二個改變將中斷連接到圖10C的輸入端，輸出端Q連接速度的電路。在這種情況下，只要出租車的狀態保持靜止，那么計費開關就會處于關閉狀態。

功能選擇旋轉開關

功能選擇開關旋轉的電壓應提供的該終端的旋轉選擇開關，以確保正常運行的電子電路列于表3。每5個桿就有4個板連接著3個旋轉選擇開關，每個符合邏輯功能表3，旋轉任何三個切換到完全順時針方向將通過5個職位。功能的旋轉選擇開關可以說是從第一的位置通過直到達到最后的立場如下：

初始位置：在這個位置上的低電壓電平適用于第一第二和第三終端，浙江斷開來自三個中一個顯示器的5伏特電壓供應，設置三個顯示器，乘客檢測電路并與電路系統整合到較低的水平。終端D,H采用低電壓，這是為了確保顯示的總收入選項已被禁用。

步驟1：以順時針方向旋轉任何旋轉選擇開關一格將提供5伏特電壓到相應的顯示，提供一個高等級的電壓終端1，2或3，這表明一名乘客已經進入了出租車。終端C，G應為高電平，以確保相應的顯示仍然是籠罩。其他端口，如D，H端口保持不變。

步驟2：旋轉旋轉選擇開關1，然后將在終端A，C或G上改變電壓使其處于低電壓狀態，并會產生相應的顯示。終端1，2，3以及S上的電壓狀態保持不變。終端B，D和H應保持在較低水平，以確保當顯示為無數據時相應的讀出清除為零。