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溫家寶總理在政府工作報告中分析當前經濟形勢時指出

時間:2019-05-14 11:28:12下載本文作者:會員上傳
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第一篇:溫家寶總理在政府工作報告中分析當前經濟形勢時指出

溫家寶總理在政府工作報告中分析當前經濟形勢時指出,我們正面臨前所未有的困難和挑戰,國際金融危機還在蔓延、仍未見底。回答24—26題。

24.受國際金融危機影響,我國經濟增速持續下滑,已成為影響全局的主要矛盾。為盡快扭轉經濟增速下滑趨勢,實施了積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策。下面屬于積極的財政政策的是 ①保持全年國民生產總值增長8%左右的目標 ②全年新增貸款5萬億元以上,創歷年新增貸款新高 ③安排財政赤字9500億元,創出60年來的最高紀錄 ④減稅退稅或低免稅,減輕企業、居民稅負約5000億元 A.①② B.③④ C.①③ D.②③

25.如何戰勝國際金融危機,溫家寶引述《淮南子》的鼓勵國民;取火莫若取燧,汲水莫若鑿井。意思是說,求取火種不如自己去使用上古取火的器具,想得到水不如自己去鑿井。這里蘊涵的哲學道理是

A.抓住主要矛盾,次要矛盾就迎刃而解 B.事物的內部矛盾是事物發展的源泉 C.矛盾是事物發展的根本原因 D.矛盾雙方在一定條件下相互轉化 26.溫總理在記者招待會上的開場白中說,“ 莫道今年春將盡,明年春色倍還人。”總理對我國經濟發展充滿信心的哲學依據是

A.事物的變化都是根本性質的變化 B.一切事物都處在運動變化的過程中

C.任何事物的發展都是經歷艱難曲折 D.事物的發展是前進性與曲折性的統一 金融危機襲來,就在普通百姓為自己飯碗發愁的時候,金融業高管們天價薪酬問題成了大家爭議的話題。回答27、28題。

27.人們之所以對金融業高管們的高薪反應激烈,原因在于收入差距過大。財政部出臺了金融企業負責人薪酬管理辦法,明確規定了最高年薪,被稱為中國版的“限薪令”。對企業高管設定年薪上限說明 ①公平的收入分配離不開政府的宏觀調控②社會存在收入差距不利于社會經濟的發展③“限薪”符合社會主義市場經濟的根本目標 ④“限薪”是解決社會收入差距過大的根本辦法 A.①② B.③④ C.①③ D.②③

28.從分配角度分析,下列措施中具有縮小收入差距作用的是 ①提高企業最低工資標準②個人工薪所得實行超額累進稅率③努力提高企業經濟效益④完善最低生活保障制度 A.①②③④ B.①②④ C.①②③ D.②④

人民幣匯率形成機制改革受到國內外媒體和有關方面的廣泛關注和充分理解。2009年我國將保持人民幣匯率“在合理均衡水平上的基本穩定”。回答29、30題。

29.溫家寶總理在講到有關人民幣匯率問題時指出,我們的目標是在合理、均衡的水平上保持人民幣幣值的基本穩定,這是由市場和我們自己決定的,任何國家不能對人民幣升值或貶值施加壓力。這說明①經濟主權是國家主權的重要內容②對外經濟交往要堅持獨立自主原則③人民幣匯率不受國際社會的影響④人民幣匯率穩定有利于世界經濟發展 A.①② B.③④ C.②③ D.①④ 30.某企業在2008年4月10日以10美元/件的價格出售100萬件某商品,該商品的成本為人民幣14元/件(當日匯率是1美元兌換人民幣6.99元)。半年后的10月份又以同樣價格和成本出售了100萬件商品(當時的匯率是1美元兌換人民幣6.88元)。半年后該企業所獲得的利潤(以人民幣計算)是

A.6990萬元 增加120萬元 B.6880萬元 減少120萬元

C.5480萬元 減少110萬元 D.5590萬元 增加110萬元 31.觀察漫畫(圖2-6),聰明的烏鴉給我們的啟示是①思想與實際結合,活學活用 ②發揮主觀能動性,就能事半功倍 ③解決問題需要探索創新實踐 ④知識、能力、實踐不可或缺 A.①③④ B.①②③

C.②③ D.①④

中國網民有2.53億。一方面,網民積極在網上 發言;另一方面,越來越多的領導干部上網來交 流,這是中國政壇一種新氣象。回答32、33題。32.今年“兩會”召開期間,人民網開展了“您最關 注的兩會熱點問題”的網上調查,得到了廣大網友的 熱烈響應,網友留言達3萬余條。這一做法

A.有利于人民群眾直接參與國家事務的管理

B.有利于發揮媒體在社會輿論中的導向作用

C.說明網絡成為公民參與政治生活的新通道

D.說明言論自由是我國公民的基本政治權利

33.越來越多的領導干部上網與百姓交流,網絡日益得到黨和政府的高度重視,這是因為①網絡成為傾聽民意的重要平臺 ②網民正在成為重要的監督力量

③網絡擴大了公民的民主政治權利 ④網絡成為政府公開信息的主要方式

A.①②③ B.①②④ C.③④ D.①②

“多植荷 花塘自清,勤反腐敗政自明”。本屆中央政府高度重視反腐敗工作。回答34、35題。34.“政者,正也。其身正,不令而行;其身不正,雖令而不從。”孔子的這一觀點對我們今天治國的啟示是

A.要堅持依法治國的基本方略 B.要加強執政者自身的道德建設

C.要堅持對人民負責的活動原則 D.要將政者置于群眾的監督之下

35.溫家寶總理在政府工作報告中強調:反腐敗工作,要針對腐敗現象易發的領域從源頭上防治腐敗,防患于未然。這體現的哲學道理是

①看問題既要全面,又要分清主流和支流

②把握事物的因果聯系,提高實踐活動自覺性

③事物的性質是由矛盾的主要方面所規定

④重視量變,量變到一定程度會引起質變

A.①②④ B.②③④ C.①③ D.②④

38.(32分)材料一:當前全球經濟形勢因金融危機蔓延而明顯惡化,隨之而來的是貿易保護主義日漸抬頭。例如美國政府通過的新的經濟刺激計劃,其中有關“只買美國貨”的條款引起了包括歐洲在內的其他國家的警惕。即便是在歐洲,貿易保護主義也在蔓延,一些國家在救助本國經濟的過程中試圖將利益圈在國內,甚至不惜以犧牲別國利益為代價。

材料二:當今世界經濟已形成“你中有我,我中有你”的局面,在金融危機面前,封閉與保護沒有出路,開放與合作才是正途。中國貿易和投資促進團于2008年2月24日至28日對德國,瑞士,西班牙,英國進行的訪問,正是用實際行動為抵制貿易保護主義做出表率。在幫助歐洲提振經濟信心的同時,中國企業也沒有花“冤枉錢”。歐洲企業在諸多領域擁有先進的技術和產品,對中國產業升級和經濟轉型相當有幫助,這也是此次采購的重點。

材料三:為應對國際金融危機對我國的影響,保持經濟穩定增長,2009年初我國出臺了汽車、鋼鐵、有色金屬等十大產業調整振興規劃。十大產業振興規劃,在應對國際金融危機沖擊、解決當前存在的突出矛盾的同時,以結構調整、增強發展后勁、實現產業升級為核心內容,其關鍵詞,就是“調整”。通過調整,提升和優化產業布局,為三年后我國產業結構升級打下堅實基礎,從而使中國經濟真正既大又強。

(1)結合材料一,材料二,運用經濟常識的有關知識,分析我國反對貿易保護主義的原因。(13分)

(2)運用政治常識的知識,說明在經濟全球化背景下應怎樣維護我國的國家利益?(9分)(3)結合材料三,運用所學辯證法的知識,說明產業振興規劃為什么強調“結構調整”?(10分)

39.材料四 對于中歐關系,溫家寶總理有一段“船橋論”的精辟論述。他說,中歐沒有根本的利害沖突,我們共同利益廣泛,又有合作需要,在這一點上,“我們是同在一條船上”。同時,中歐又“和而不同”。中歐歷史、社會、文化傳統、社會制度不同,存在分歧是正常的,并不可怕,也不會妨礙我們的關系,從這個意義上說,“我們又同在一座橋上——一座溝通友誼、加強磋商、解決分歧的橋上”。

(4)運用矛盾分析法,說明中歐既是同在一條船上也是同在一座橋上的正確性?(10分)40.(28分)隨著電視劇《走西口》的熱播,歷史上的晉商和晉商文化再次成為人們談論的焦點。閱讀材料,回答問題。

(1)平遙古城作為旅游景觀,其體現旅游資源價值的是什么?(8分)

舊時曾有人說:“凡是有麻雀的地方,就有山西商人。”他們的經營范圍十分廣泛,上至綢緞,下至蔥蒜。……晉商受儒家文化影響很深,講求“誠召天下客,義納八方財”;“寧叫賠折腰,不叫客吃虧”。在經營活動中他們用宗法社會的鄉里之誼彼此團結在一起,形成大大小小的商幫群體。……清人紀曉嵐說:“山西人多商于外,十余歲輒從人學貿易,俟蓄積有資,始歸納婦。”清人納蘭常安說:“塞上商賈,多宣化、大同、朔平三府人,甘勞瘁,耐風寒。”

——摘自張正明著《晉商史話》

(2)依據材料歸納晉商商業活動的特點。(10分)

“利以義制,名以清修”是晉商所信奉的做人和行商的準則。意思是說:用道義來制衡利益,用清廉來培育名聲。即便以現代的觀點來看,這句話也不失為今人為人處世的原則。

(3)請結合經濟常識的知識,簡要說明“利以義制,名以清修”對企業成功的重要意義。(10分)

24.B 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.B 29.A 30.C 31.A 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.D 38.(32分)(1)①貿易保護主義違背了經濟全球化的必然趨勢,阻礙世界經濟的發展,反對貿易保護主義是生產社會化特別是經濟全球化的客觀要求。在生產社會化、經濟全球化條件下,各國之間的經濟聯系日益廣泛,客觀上要求國與國之間貿易自由、相互開放。(3分)②貿易保護主義不符合經濟發展規律,違背了市場經濟的開放性,平等性和競爭性,反對貿易保護主義是市場經濟的內在要求。各國只有在平等、競爭、開放的基礎上,參與國際分工與全作,互通有無、調劑余缺,才能實現資源的優化配置(3分)

③貿易保護主義違背了非歧視性原則,阻礙了國際貿易的發展。(2分)

反對貿易保護主義是當前應對國際金融危機的要求。危機當頭,各國以鄰為壑,無益解決任何問題,應增強合作,保持貿易和投資開放,抵制保護主義。(2分)

④我國在對外貿易中堅持平等互利、合作共贏的原則。貿易保護主義違背了這一基本原則,增加了我國經濟運行的外部風險,不利于我國對外貿易和國民經濟的發展。(3(2)①當代國際競爭的是實質是以經濟和科技為基礎的綜合國力的較量,提高綜合國力是維護國家利益的根本。(3分)②堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策,積極參與國際競爭與合作,趨利避害,充分利用經濟全球化帶來的有利條件和機遇來發展自己(3分)③堅持獨立自主的基本立場,在和平共處五項原則的基礎上建立國際經濟新秩序,加強國際合作,維護國家利益(3分)

(3)(1)強調結構調整,符合整體部分相互關系原理。(1分)通過結構調整,各部分優化組合,整體會產生新的巨大效益,發揮出比部分工能總和更大的功能。(2分)因此,既要搞好局部,又要有全局思想。(1分)各個產業要努力調整結構,把各自做大做強,真正使我國的十大產業為解決當前存在的突出矛盾發揮巨大作用。(1分)②強調結構調整,符合量變質變的關系原理。(1分)通過調整結構,使構成事物的成分在結構和排列次序上發生變化,引起質變。(2分)因此要重視量變。(1分)通過各個產業淘汰落后生產、兼并重組等自身的調整,實現我國產業結構升級和優化產業布局,為使國民經濟真正既大又強發揮作用。(1分)

(若從聯系的觀點等其它角度分析,言之有理,可酌情給分)

39、(4)答案:中歐之間既有廣泛的利益,又存在某些分歧,這是堅持用全面的觀點看待中歐關系(3分)

中歐之間的歷史社會文化傳統存在差異,因而中歐之間在某些問題上有分歧,這是在中歐關系上堅持具體問題具體分析的表現(3分)

中歐沒有根本的利害沖突,共同利益與合作是主流,分歧是支流,這是用兩點論和重點論相統一的觀點看待中歐關系。(4分)

40、(3)①良好的信譽和企業形象,對企業的生存競爭,有著至關重要的作用。(2分)“名以清修”可以使企業樹立良好的形象,使其在競爭中取得有利的地位。(1分)

②誠實信用是現代市場交易活動的基本精神。(2分)“利以義制”可以幫助企業獲得市場,實現商品的價值。(1分)③誠實信用是社會主義精神文明建設的題中之義。(2分)企業都堅持“利以義制,名以清修”,可以共同營造良好的經濟環境,有利于市場經濟的正常運行。(1分)④商家在經濟效益和社會效益上求雙贏,有利于樹立良好的信譽和形象才能取得真正的成功。(1分)

第二篇:溫家寶總理5日在向全國人大作政府工作報告時提出

溫家寶總理5日在向全國人大作政府工作報告時提出,2012年國內生產總值增長目標為7.5%。有心人應該會發現,這是我國近八年來經濟增速目標首次低于8%。中國經濟正在放棄“保8”的崇拜,但并不意味著放松經濟發展的要求。調低經濟增速大有含義。

首先,GDP目標下調,實現經濟軟著陸。在我國政府穩中求進的總體策略下,我國經濟仍將繼續軟著陸的進程,這就需要一個穩定的發展速度作為緩沖。我國政府擁有足夠的資源保證經濟增長減速的過程平穩有序,而通貨膨脹率在2012年基本上都會在政府設定的4%目標以下。同時,政府有足夠的空間來調整貨幣和財政政策以維持經濟的穩定增長,進而實現經濟軟著陸的目標。

其次,GDP目標下調,實現經濟發展方式轉變。經濟增速目標下調,為我國經濟“調結構”留下了空間。如果通過投資加大刺激經濟增長的力度,我國經濟仍然能夠高速發展。但是,與之相伴的將是重復投資、犧牲壞境、地區經濟發展不平衡等惡果。GDP增長目標調低一點,經濟增速慢一點,環境保護好一點,地區經濟發展平衡一點,人民生活反而會更加幸福。

第三,GDP目標下調,表現出我國經濟平穩發展的信心。從國內外情況看,我國經濟面臨較多不確定性,存在著下行壓力。尤其是歐元區主權債務危機引發的金融動蕩,嚴重影響了我國的對外出口,對我國實體經濟存在著一定損害。國內房地產市場調控有緊無松,多數城市出現房價下跌的現象,基本遏制了投機性和投資性購房需求。這些最終都會影響我國的經濟增長。面臨這些不利因素,我國政府確定7.5%的經濟增速,既務實又表現出了對經濟發展的強大信心,同時和“十二”五規劃中經濟增速7%的遠期目標相貼近。

最后,GDP目標下調,人民幸福指數上調。我國經歷30多年的經濟持續高速增長,取得的成就世所公認,但是人民幸福感卻沒有按同樣的速度上升。這歸咎于我國在以往的經濟發展中高消耗、高污染、低勞動力成本的不可持續的發展方式。我國政府此次主動調低GDP增速目標,為經濟“減負”,是為促進經濟發展方式轉變,使經濟發展模式從重視GDP轉向重視民生,實現更高水平、更高質量的經濟增長,使人民生活更加幸福。

理性、務實、自信、負責,7.5%透視了中國今年的發展脈絡

第三篇:溫家寶總理在今年的政府工作報告中

邯鄲市一中校刊

溫家寶總理在今年的政府工作報告中,提出“在全國城鄉普遍實行免費義務教育”、“在試點基礎上,從今年秋季起將全面免除城市義務教育學雜費”。

這一重大舉措對整個教育的發展具有奠基性意義和深遠的歷史作用,是我國教育發展史上的一個重要里程碑。將這一政策落到實處,需要切實破解財政資金對義務教育投入不足的“軟肋”。

但對一些地方官員來說,多年來寧可將資金用在各類項目上,用在政績工程上,用在請客送禮上,也不愿意向教育多投入。財政資金優先保障教育投入,說起來簡單,實際做起來,面臨著各種主客觀的制約因素。

1993年發布的《中國教育改革和發展綱要》,當時就提出國家財政性教育經費的支出在上世紀末占GDP的比例應該達到4%,但這個目標沒有達到。

正因為如此,在國家教育事業發展“十一五”規劃綱要的研究和制定階段,“逐步使財政教育經費支出占國內生產總值的比例達到4%”是否明確寫入國家的規劃中,曾經引起過專家的爭論。

中央領導在討論這一比例時,認為勒緊腰帶也要確保4%這一比例,從而一錘定音。4%的比例最終明確寫入了國家教育事業發展“十一五”規劃綱要。

這個綱要將在“十一五”期間實現政府對義務教育負全責,逐步將義務教育全面納入公共財政保障范圍。明確各級政府

提供教育公共服務的職責,并按照建立公共財政體制的要求,將教育列入公共財政支出的重點領域。

溫家寶總理在政府工作報告中,再次對此進行了明確。

健全公共財政制度、加大政府教育投入力度是保障教育公益性、辦好讓人民群眾滿意的教育的基礎。近年來,隨著經濟的快速發展,各級政府逐步加大對教育的投入,教育在國家財政的“大盤子”里,分量是實實在在地越來越重了。

確保財政資金對教育的投入,需要將教育投入的政府責任進行量化和明確,列出政府對教育投入的“清單”,有剛性的硬約束,以有利于執行和落實。各級政府教育經費支出按照事權和財權相平等的原則,在財權中單獨列項,并報同級人民代表大會批準,并向社會公布。

對一些貧困地區來說,還面臨著一個現實的問題,就是農村義務教育的歷史債務問題。在一些地方,鄉鎮的負債很大程度上是教育負債帶來的。農村義務教育債務問題時間長、范圍廣、數額大,嚴重制約了義務教育進一步健康發展。

政府工作報告提出“用三年左右時間基本化解農村義務教育歷史債務”,國家在安排財政超收收入時,其中一項支出就是解決農村義務教育債務這個歷史遺留問題。能否將這一要求落到實處,考驗著地方政府的執政能力和責任意識。

考驗地方政府執政能力的,還有外來人口的子女教育問題。

◆政治教師朱苒

摘自《瞭望》

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近幾年,這一問題引起了各地的重視,建設起了一些農民工子弟學校,同時將外來人口子女納入公辦學校的招生范圍,將他們納入到城市義務教育體系中來,這些措施,使得外來人口子女就學問題得到越來越有效的解決。

但如果將外來人口子女義務教育經費全部納入財政支出,還有不少的問題需要解決,政府應將農民工子女接受義務教育工作納入當地教育發展規劃,列入教育經費預算。與此同時,可考慮建立市、區、鎮三級政府分擔的財政機制,使各級政府共同分擔流動兒童的教育責任,為農民工子女接受平等的教育提供充足的資源。

第四篇:溫家寶總理在2010的政府工作報告

溫家寶總理在2010《政府工作報告》介紹主要工作報告時指出,在連續六年增收增產之后,更要毫不松懈的抓好三農工作。按照統籌發展的要求,堅持把解決三農問題作為全部工作的重中之重,進一步強化惠農政策,協調推進工業化、城鎮化和農業農村現代化,鞏固和發展農業農村好形勢。

三農問題”是指農業、農村、農民這三個問題。實際上,這是一個從事行業、居住地域和主體身份三位一體的問題,但三者側重點不一,必須一體化地考慮以上三個問題。“三農問題”是農業文明向工業文明過渡的必然產物。雖然各個工業化國家歷史發展階段中都曾有過,但是基于中國人口基數大,農村人口多,導致的人均資源占有量少,人地矛盾等問題,在解決三農問題上,較之發達國家尤為棘手。

中國自古以來就是過農業大國。三農問題是一個關系到國民素質、經濟發展、社會穩定、國富民強的大問題,因此是全部工作的重中之重。“三農問題”獨立地描述是指廣大鄉村區域,只能以種植、養殖生產業為主,身份為農民的大部分國民的生存狀態的改善與產業發展以及社會進步問題。系統的描述是指21世紀的中國,歷史形成二元社會中,城市現代化,二、三產業發展,城市居民的殷實,受制于農村的進步、農業的發展、農民的小康相對滯后的問題。中國的國民經濟發展潛力巨大,且不論質的提升,僅從量上考察,中國的重大經濟問題都依賴于農村、農業,農民問題的突破。“三農問題”實質是城市與農村發展不同步問題,結構不協調問題。

我認為,在三農問題中最重要的是人的因素,也就是農民。

首先,政府應該為占我國人口大多數——9億的農民建立健全農村社會保障體系。我國農村社會保障體系包括農村社會救助、社會保險、社會福利、社會優撫四個方面。而社會保險是農村社會保障的核心。應當包括養老、醫療、工傷、失業和生育四個方面。由于我國農村主要實行的是家庭聯產承包責任制的形式進行生產經營的,所以對工傷和失業保險的要求并不迫切。而隨著平均壽命的提高和老齡化,他們對養老和醫療保險的要求進一步提高。而我國農村社會保險情況卻不令人滿意。我國農村經濟和社會變革程度加快,尤其是工業化、城市化速度得以提升,而農村社會保障模式仍然根植于傳統的自然經濟基礎,社會養老保險和最低生活保障體系還有待建立和推廣,合作醫療僅在小范圍進行試點,社會救濟面狹窄,救濟水平偏低。可以說,我國目前農村地區只有零碎的社會保障,有些地方甚至處于無保障狀態。數據顯示,1991到2001年,城市人均社會保障支出占人均GDP的比重平均為15%,而農村只有0.18%,城市人均享受的社會保障費用支出是農村的90倍之多。我想這個數字可以一定程度上說明為何我國的生育政策在農村推行的總是不盡人意,為何我國新出生人口男女比例進一步不協調。數千年的農業發展,讓農民養成在自然經濟基礎上的小農思想,尤其在生育思想上為養兒防老。把年老之后失去勞動能力之后的生活寄托在兒子身上。嫁出去的女兒是潑出去的水,唯有兒子才是自己在年老之后的依靠,導致“越生越窮,越窮越生”的局面。我認為,在現代社會這一思想仍然大行其道的原因就是農村社會保障體系的薄弱和不健全,讓廣大農民仍然有后顧之憂。所以,有效改善這一現狀的方式就是進一步加大對農村社保的投入和關注力度。解決了農民這一后顧之憂,計劃生育政策在農村受到的阻撓會大大減少。農村人口出生率會減少。會使父母有更多的時間和金錢投入在為數不多的孩子身上,利于他們得到更多的關愛和教育以及生活質量的提高。這就有利于第二個問題的推進,即提高農村人口素質。

其次,提高農村人口素質,發展家鄉建設,增強農民工競爭力。農村幼兒教育發展程度低,與農村初等教育發展不適應。而這個階段正是人類大腦成長發育的關鍵階段。且義務教育受重視程度較低,有些家長不愿意適齡兒童入學或者是未在接受完義務教育過程中輟學,以便照顧更加年幼的弟弟妹妹,為家里做一份貢獻,尤其是女孩子,在教育上受到了性別歧視。但在國家強制要求下,這一情況在今年來有所改善,但是強制推行與自覺自愿,很顯然,效

果是不一樣的。此外,教學設施、教育資源與城鎮有很大差距,教育發展城鄉失衡。中等教育更是如此。學校少、規模小,在人口眾多的省份競爭力尤為大。培養高等學生成本太高,在經濟上,仍有一部分家庭負擔不起。結合現狀,發展農村職業教育在現階段來說是較為可行的方案。尤其在今年來大學生找不到工作的情況下,“讀書無用論”大肆其道。因此結合農村現實與農村經濟需要,教會農民一些較為實用的職業技能,在一定程度上可以幫助農民走上致富的道路。培養成本也較低,周期短,轉化為生產力的周期較短,較高等教育農民的可接受程度高。培養農村剩余勞動力,使他們學會一技之長,在進城務工時增強競爭力。同時提高素質,減少了因為人口流動導致的社會不安定因素。也可以使他們更好的融入城市。有調查顯示,一個國家或地區母親的受教育程度決定了孩子的受教育素質,也就是說如果母親受到了良好的教育,對孩子會起到一種潛移默化的作用,會使孩子的素質得以提高。雖然此項政策在短時間內效果不是很明顯,但我相信,這有利于我國人口素質的整體提高和縮小城鄉差距。同時,可以讓更多的讓有能力和水平為家鄉建設盡一份力,如加快農村基礎設施建設,這可以就地解決一部分勞動人口的就業問題,也可以使農村農業得到更好的發展,加快城鎮化進程。

因此,綜上,我們可以發現,關于三農的每一個問題都不是獨立存在的,都是相互關聯相互制約的。社會保障制度的健全可以使人們沒有后顧之憂,使生育政策得到很好的貫徹實施,降低了生育率,有更多的資源在每一個孩子身上,為他們提供了更好的受教育機會和不那么擁擠的就業機會,提高了人口素質,緩解了人地矛盾,他們用運用自己的聰明才智為家鄉、為城市作出貢獻,減少了社會不穩定因素,阻止了社會矛盾、資源矛盾的進一步加劇,新增人口的減少,也使國家有物力財力為農民提供更好的社會保障和福利。在此過程中,也會有一部分農民轉化為城鎮居民,加快我國的城鎮化步伐,利于我們更好的建設小康社會,步入發達國家行列。可見是環環相扣,牽一發而動全身。

我覺得你在論述“三農問題中最重要的是人的因素”應該加入一些哲學觀點,拖出人即農民本身的作用和地位,上升到理論高度。你對改變農民素質和建立保障的目的意義的論述的比較充實了,也構想了由此帶來的可預見性美好轉變,但我覺得對于由這一點的改變對農業,農村這兩個問題的關聯帶動作用論述的不強,三農問題是一個整體性問題,農民可以是一個突破口,你要把三農整體的發展論述總結一下。還有,對你提出的解決方案所遇到的阻力和現實限制因素也應該闡述全面。

第五篇:2010和2011溫家寶總理政府工作報告中英文版

在第十一屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議上的政府工作報告 國務院總理 溫家寶 2010年3月5日

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT--Delivered at the Third Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2010 Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council 各位代表,Fellow Deputies, 現在,我代表國務院向大會作政府工作報告,請予審議,并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)to provide comments and suggestions.一、2009年工作回顧

I.Review of Work in 2009 2009年是新世紀以來我國經濟發展最為困難的一年。去年這個時候,國際金融危機還在擴散蔓延,世界經濟深度衰退,我國經濟受到嚴重沖擊,出口大幅下降,不少企業經營困難,有的甚至停產倒閉,失業人員大量增加,農民工大批返鄉,經濟增速陡然下滑。在異常困難的情況下,全國各族人民在中國共產黨的堅強領導下,堅定信心,迎難而上,頑強拼搏,從容 應對國際金融危機沖擊,在世界率先實現經濟回升向好,改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得新的重大成就。國內生產總值達到33.5萬億元,比上年增長 8.7%;財政收入6.85萬億元,增長11.7%;糧食產量5.31億噸,再創歷史新高,實現連續6年增產;城鎮新增就業1102萬人;城鎮居民人均可 支配收入17175元,農村居民人均純收入5153元,實際增長9.8%和8.5%。我國在全面建設小康社會道路上又邁出堅實的一步。實踐再次證明,任何艱難險阻都擋不住中華民族偉大復興的歷史進程。

The year 2009 was the most difficult year for our country's economic development since the beginning of the new century.This time last year the global financial crisis was still spreading, and the world economy was in a deep recession.Our economy was severely affected;our exports decreased significantly;a large number of enterprises had operating difficulties, and some even suspended production or closed down;the number of unemployed people increased significantly;many migrant workers had to return to their home villages;and the pace of our economic growth suddenly slowed down.In these unusually difficult circumstances, the people of all our ethnic groups fortified their confidence, tackled difficulties head on, worked tenaciously, and responded calmly to the impact of the global financial crisis under the firm leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Our economy was the first in the world to have made a turnaround, and we made major new achievements in reform and opening up as well as socialist modernization.GDP reached 33.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year(here and below).Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7%.Grain production was 531 million tons, a new record and an increase for the sixth consecutive year.A total of 11.02 million urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17,175 yuan, and the net per capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, up 9.8% and 8.5% respectively in real terms.We took another steady step along the path of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Events again proved that no difficulties or obstacles can impede the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.過去的一年,極不平凡,令人振奮。我們隆重 慶祝新中國成立60周年。撫今追昔,偉大祖國的輝煌成就極大地激發了全國人民的自信心和自豪感,極大地增強了中華民族的向心力和凝聚力,極大地提升了我國 的國際地位和影響力,必將激勵我們在中國特色社會主義道路上繼續奮勇前進。

The past year was truly extraordinary and inspiring.We held a grand celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China.The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and raised China's international standing and influence.All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.一年來,我們主要做了以下工作:

Over the last year, we mainly undertook the following work.(一)加強和改善宏觀調控,促進經濟平穩較快發展。我們實行 積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策,全面實施并不斷完善應對國際金融危機的一攬子計劃。大規模增加財政支出和實行結構性減稅,保持貨幣信貸快速增長,提 高貨幣政策的可持續性,擴大直接融資規模,滿足經濟社會發展的資金需求,有效擴大了內需,很快扭轉了經濟增速下滑趨勢。1.Strengthening and improving macro-control and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We comprehensively implemented and constantly improved the package plan for addressing the global financial crisis.We significantly increased government spending, implemented structural tax reductions, rapidly increased supplies of money and credit, made our monetary policy more sustainable, and increased the amount of direct financing.We thus ensured funding for economic and social development, effectively boosted domestic demand, and quickly reversed the slowdown in economic growth.著力擴大居民消費。我們鼓勵消費的政策領域之寬、力 度之大、受惠面之廣前所未有。中央財政投入資金 450億元,補貼家電汽車摩托車下鄉、汽車家電以舊換新和農機具購置。減半征收小排量汽車購置稅,減免住房交易相關稅收,支持自住性住房消費。全年汽車銷 售1364萬輛,增長46.2%;商品房銷售9.37億平方米,增長42.1%;社會消費品零售總額實際增長16.9%,消費對經濟增長的拉動作用明顯增 強。

We vigorously expanded consumer spending.Our policies to encourage consumption covered more areas, were stronger and benefited more people than ever before.The central government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes.Part of the subsidies also supported trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles.We reduced or exempted taxes on buying and selling homes to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.Throughout the year 13.64 million motor vehicles were sold, an increase of 46.2%;commodity housing sales amounted to 937 million square meters, up 42.1%;and total retail sales of consumer goods increased 16.9% in real terms: Consumption played a much bigger role in fueling economic growth.促進投資快速增長。我們發揮政府投資“四兩撥 千斤”的作用,引導帶動社會投資。實施兩年新增4萬億元的投資計劃。2009年中央政府公共投資 9243億元,比上年預算增加5038億元,其中,保障性住房、農村民生工程、社會事業投資占44%,自主創新、結構調整、節能減排和生態建設占16%,重大基礎設施建設占23%,災后恢復重建占14%。全社會固定資產投資增長30.1%,投資結構進一步優化。投資快速增長有效彌補了外需下降的缺口,加強 了薄弱環節,為經濟社會長遠發展奠定了堅實的基礎。

We promoted rapid growth in investment.We guided and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment.We implemented a plan to invest an additional 4 trillion yuan over two years.In 2009, the central government's public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year's budget.Of this, 44% was invested in.low-income housing, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;16% in independent innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions, and ecological improvement;23% in major infrastructure projects;and 14% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Fixed asset investment increased.30.1% nationwide.We further improved the investment structure.Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundation for long-term economic and social development 我們加快推進汶川地震災后恢復重建,重災區已完成投資6545億元,占規劃總投資的65.5%。國家 的大力支持,全國人民的無私援助,災區群眾的艱苦奮斗,使遭受重大創傷的災區呈現出嶄新面貌。一座座新城拔地而起,一個個村莊煥發出蓬勃生機。這充分體現 了中華民族的無疆大愛,有力彰顯了社會主義制度的無比優越。

We accelerated the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work.We have already invested 654.5 billion yuan, 65.5% of the total planned investment, in the worst hit areas.Thanks to the government's strong support, the selfless assistance of people throughout the country, and the hard work of residents of the earthquake area, the badly damaged areas have taken on a brand-new appearance, with new towns rising straight out of the ground, and villages brimming with vitality.All this fully reflects the boundless love of the Chinese nation and powerfully demonstrates the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.(二)大力調整經濟結構,夯實長遠 發展基礎。我們把保增長與調結構緊密結合起來,加快解決制約經濟發展的結構性矛盾。

2.Vigorously carrying out economic restructuring, and shoring up the foundation for long-term development.We closely integrated sustaining economic growth with economic restructuring, and moved more quickly to resolve structural problems limiting economic development.“三農”工作進一步加強。中央財政用于“三農”的支出 7253億元,增長21.8%。大幅度提高糧食最低收購價。啟動實施全國新增千億斤糧食生產能力建設規劃。繼續改善農村生產生活條件,農村飲水安全工程使 6069萬農民受益,新增510萬沼氣用戶,新建和改造農村公路38萬公里、農村電網線路 26.6萬公里,又有80萬戶農村危房得到改造,9.2萬戶游牧民實現了定居。我們加大扶貧力度,貧困地區的生產生活條件得到明顯改善。

We further strengthened the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.The central government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, an increase of 21.8%.We raised the minimum grain purchase prices by a large margin.We began implementation of 'the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons nationwide.We continued to improve living and working conditions in rural areas.We implemented rural drinking water safety projects that benefited 60.69 million people, increased the number of methane gas users by 5.1.million, built and upgraded 380,000 kilometers of roads and 266,000 kilometers of electric power lines and renovated 800,000 dilapidated houses in the countryside, and helped build permanent housing for 92,000 nomadic families.We also intensified our efforts to fight poverty.As a result, working and living conditions notably improved in poverty-stricken areas.產業結構調整力度加大。制定并實施十大重點產業 調整振興規劃。鼓勵企業加快技術改造,安排200億元技改專項資金支持4441個技改項目。重點行業兼并重組取得新進展。下大力氣抑制部分行業產能過剩和 重復建設,關停小火電機組2617萬千瓦,淘汰落后的煉鋼產能1691萬噸、煉鐵產能2113萬噸、水泥產能7416萬噸、焦炭產能1809萬噸。加快實 施國家科技重大專項,中央財政用于科技的支出1512億元,增長30%。積極支持自主創新產品推廣應用,清潔能源、第三代移動通信等一批新興產業快速發 展。大力加強基礎設施建設,新建鐵路投入運營5557公里,高速公路新建通車4719公里,城市軌道交通建設加快,新建、改擴建民用機場35個;新增發電 裝機8970萬千瓦,西氣東輸二線西段工程實現供氣,南水北調工程建設加快推進,6183座病險水庫除險加固工程開工建設。

We intensified industrial restructuring.We formulated and implemented a plan for restructuring and invigorating ten key industries.We encouraged enterprises to accelerate technological upgrading, and provided 20 billion yuan to support 4,441 technological upgrading projects.Further progress was made in mergers and reorganization in key industries.We made great efforts to restrict excess production capacity and redundant development in some industries.We closed down 26.17 million kilowatts of small thermal power stations, and eliminated backward facilities with total production tons in the steelmaking industry, 21.13 million tons in the iron-smelting 74.16 million tons in the cement industry, and 18.09 million tons in the coke industry.We accelerated the implementation of major national science and technology projects,and spent 151.2 billion yuan of central government funds on science and technology, an increase of 30%.We vigorously supported the widespread use of domestically innovated products, and the development of emerging industries such as clean energy and third-generation mobile communications.We vigorously strengthened infrastructure development;put 5,557 kilometers of newly built railway lines into operation;opened 4,719 kilometers of new expressways to traffic, accelerated urban rail development;and built, renovated or expanded 35 civil airports.We increased the installed power-generating capacity by 89.7 million kilowatts, began supplying gas through the western section of the second line of the project for shipping natural gas from west to east, accelerated construction on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and began reinforcing 6,183 dangerous reservoirs.節能減排和環境保護扎實推進。安排 預算內資金,支持重點節能工程、循環經濟等項目2983個;實施節能產品惠民工程,推廣節能空調500多萬臺、高效照明燈具1.5億只。繼續推進林業重點 生態工程建設,完成造林8827萬畝,森林覆蓋率達到20.36%。綜合治理水土流失面積4.8萬平方公里。加強“三河三湖”等重點流域水污染防治和工業 廢水廢氣廢渣治理。“十一五”前四年累計單位國內生產總值能耗下降 14.38%,化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降9.66%和13.14%。積極開展應對氣候變化工作,明確提出2020年我國控制溫室氣體排放行動目 標和政策措施。氣象預報預警和地震監測工作得到加強,災害防御能力不斷提升。

We made solid progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions and protecting the environment.We supported 2,983 key energy conservation and recycling projects through budgetary investment.We implemented a project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, putting into use more than 5 million energy-saving air-conditioners and 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs.We continued to develop key ecological projects in the forestry industry, and completed the afforestation of 5.88 million hectares, thereby raising the percentage of land covered by forest to 20.36%.Through combined measures, we brought soil erosion on 48,000 square kilometers of land under control.We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao, and Dianchi lakes, and improved the control of wastewater, gases and residues from industry.Over the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38%,and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased 9.66% and 13.14% respectively.We made vigorous efforts to respond to climate change, and set forth our country's targets, policies and measures for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.We improved our weather forecasting and early warning;as well as earthquake monitoring, and constantly improved our disaster prevention and protection capabilities.區域協調發展邁出新步伐。深入實施區 域發展總體戰略,制定若干區域發展重大規劃和政策。中西部和東北地區加快開放開發,積極承接產業轉移,發展基礎不斷夯實;東部地區加快結構和自主創新,經 濟發展活力增強。區域發展呈現布局改善、結構優化、協調性提高的良好態勢。

We took new steps in balancing development between regions.We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development;and formulated several major regional development plans and policies.The central and western regions and northeast China accelerated opening up and development, welcomed industries relocated from other parts of the country, and continuously strengthened their foundation for development.The eastern region accelerated restructuring and independent innovation, and the vitality of its economic development increased.A favorable situation emerged in which regional development was better distributed, structured and coordinated.(三)堅持深化改革開放,不斷完善有利于科學發展的體制機制。我們把深化改革開放作 為應對國際金融危機的強大動力,努力消除體制障礙,不斷提高對外開放水平。3.Steadfastly deepening reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically.We deepened reform and opening up to respond more powerfully to the global financial crisis, worked hard to remove institutional obstacles and continued to open wider to the outside world.重點領域和關鍵環節改革加快推進。增值稅轉型全面實施。成品油價格和稅費改革順利推進,新的成品油價 格形成機制規范運行。國家開發銀行商業化轉型和農業銀行股份制改革扎實推進,跨境貿易人民幣結算試點啟動實施。創業板正式推出,為自主創新及其他成長型創 業企業開辟了新的融資渠道。地方政府機構改革有序開展,事業單位分類改革試點穩步進行。集體林權制度改革全面推開,15億畝林地確權到戶,占全國集體林地 面積的60%,這是繼土地家庭承包之后我國農村經營制度的又一重大變革。

We accelerated reform in key areas and links.We comprehensively carried out VAT reform.The reform of the prices of refined oil products and taxes and fees on them was implemented smoothly, and a new [w]mechanism[/w] for pricing them worked well.We made solid progress in commercializing the China Development Bank and introducing the joint stock system in the Agricultural Bank of China, and launched a pilot project to use the renminbi as the settlement currency for cross-border trade.The ChiNext stock market was officially launched, which opened a new financing channel for enterprises based on independent innovation and other growth enterprises.We proceeded with the reform of local government departments in an orderly manner, and steadily carried out a trial of reforming institutions by type.We comprehensively launched the reform of tenure in collective forests.We devolved tenure in 100 million hectares of forest land to rural households, equaling 60% of the country's total area of collective forests.This is another major reform of China's rural operation system, and follows in the footsteps of the household land contract responsibility system.開放型經濟水平不斷提高。出臺一系列穩定 外需的政策措施,采取符合國際慣例的方式支持出口企業,完成短期出口信用保險承保900億美元,安排421 億美元大型成套設備出口融資保險。鼓勵增加進口。去年下半年開始進出口降幅明顯收窄,國際市場份額得到鞏固,全年進出口總額2.2萬億美元。扭轉利用外資 下降局面,全年實際利用外商直接投資900億美元。企業“走出去”逆勢上揚,非金融類對外直接投資和對外工程承包營業額分別達433億美元和777億美 元。積極參與國際宏觀經濟政策對話協調和經貿金融合作,在共同應對國際金融危機中發揮了建設性作用。We constantly raised the level of the open economy.We introduced policies and measures to stabilize foreign demand, adopted methods that conform to international practices to support export companies, completed the issuance of short-term export credit insurance worth US$ 90 billion, and arranged $42.1 billion of export financing insurance for complete sets of large [w]equipment[/w].We encouraged increases in imports: Since the second half of last year;falls in imports and exports have clearly eased, and we have consolidated our share of international markets.Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion.We reversed the decline in utilized foreign investment, and actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year.More enterprises “went global” in spite of the adverse situation;non-financial outward direct investment amounted to $43.3 billion, and receipts from overseas project contracting operations reached $77.7 billion.We actively participated in international macroeconomic policy dialogue and coordination as well as economic, trade and financial cooperation, and played a constructive role in the joint response to the global financial crisis.(四)著力改善民生,加快發展社會事業。在應對國際金融危機的困難情況下,我們更加注重保障和改善民生,切實解決人民群眾 最關心、最直接、最現實的利益問題。4.Striving to improve people's wellbeing and accelerating the development of social programs.In the difficult circumstances of responding to the global financial crisis, we gave greater priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and effectively solved the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.實施更加積極的就業政策。強化政府促進就業的責任。中央財政安排就業專項資金 426億元,比上年增長 59%。實施困難企業緩繳社會保險費或降低部分費率、再就業稅收減免及提供相關補貼等政策,鼓勵企業穩定和增加就業。開展系列就業服務活動,多渠道開辟公 益性就業崗位,促進高校畢業生到基層就業、應征入伍和到企事業單位就業見習。全年組織2100萬城鄉勞動者參加職業培訓。這些措施促進了就業的基本穩定。

We implemented a more active employment policy.We increased the responsibility of the government for stimulating employment.The central government allocated 42.6 billion yuan in special employment funds, an increase of 59%.For distressed enterprises, we postponed and in some cases reduced their payment of social security contributions.We also reduced or exempted reemployment tax and provided related subsidies to encourage enterprises to maintain or increase their levels of employment.We launched a series of employment service activities, created public-service jobs through multiple channels, and encouraged college graduates to take jobs at the primary level, enlist in the army, or join enterprises and institutions as interns.We provided job training for 21 million urban and rural workers.These measures helped bring about basic employment stability.加快完善社會保障體系。普遍建立養老保險省級統籌制度,出臺包括農民工在內的城鎮企業職工養老保險關系轉移接續辦法。在320個縣開展新型農村社會養老保險試點,推動我國社會保障制度建設邁出歷史性步伐。中央 財政安排社會保障資金2906億元,比上年增長16.6%。企業退休人員基本養老金連續5年增加,去年又人均提高10%。農村五保戶供養水平、優撫對象撫 恤補助標準、城鄉低保對象保障水平都有新的提高。中央財政安排保障性安居工程補助資金551 億元,比上年增長2倍。新建、改擴建各類保障性住房200萬套,棚戶區改造解決住房130萬套。全國社會保障基金積累6927億元,比上年增長 44.2%。社會保障體系得到加強。

We accelerated improvements in the social security system.We established a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and introduced a method for transferring pension accounts for workers of urban enterprises, some of whom are rural migrant workers.We launched a pilot project for a new rural pension insurance system in 320 countiesMajor progress was made in reform and opening up.New breakthroughs were achieved in crucial areas and key links of reform, and the socialist market economy further improved.Last year, total foreign trade volume reached US$ 2.97 trillion and the openness ofthe economy increased rapidly.——這五年,我國國際地位和影響力顯著提高。我們在國際事務中發揮重要的建設性作用,有力維護國家主權、安全和發展利益,全方位外交取得重大進展。我們成功舉辦北京奧運會、上海世博會,實現了中華民族的百年夢想。

-China's international prestige and influence grew significantly.We played an important and constructive role in international affairs;effectively safeguarded our national sovereignty, security and development interests;and made major progress in our all-around diplomacy.We successfully hosted the Beijing Olympics and Shanghai World Expo, thus fulfilling dreams the Chinese nation had cherished for a century.這些輝煌成就,充分顯示了中國特色社會主義的優越性,展現了改革開放的偉大力量,極大增強了全國各族人民的自信心和自豪感,增強了中華民族的凝聚力和向心力,必將激勵我們在新的歷史征程上奮勇前進。

These brilliant achievements clearly show the advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the great power of reform and opening up.They greatly increased the confidence and pride of our people of all ethnic groups, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and inspired us to forge ahead on our historic course.五年來,我們主要做了以下工作:

The following are our main accomplishments over the past five years:

(一)加強和改善宏觀調控,促進經濟平穩較快發展。我們注重把握宏觀調控的方向、重點和力度,牢牢掌握經濟工作的主動權。“十一五”前期,針對投資增長過快、貿易順差過大、流動性過剩,以及結構性、輸入性物價上漲等問題,采取正確的政策措施,有效防止了苗頭性問題演變成趨勢性問題、局部性問題演變成全局性問題。近兩年,面對百年罕見的國際金融危機沖擊,我們沉著應對、科學決策,果斷實行積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策。堅持實施一攬子計劃,大規模增加政府支出和實行結構性減稅,大范圍實施重點產業調整振興規劃,大力推進自主創新和加強科技支撐,大幅度提高社會保障水平。堅持擴大內需的戰略方針,采取鼓勵消費的一系列政策措施,增加城鄉居民特別是低收入群眾收入,消費規模持續擴大,結構不斷升級。實施兩年新增4萬億元的投資計劃,其中,新增中央投資1.18萬億元。保障性安居工程、農村民生工程和社會事業投資占43.7%,自主創新、結構調整、節能減排和生態建設占15.3%,重大基礎設施建設占23.6%,災后恢復重建占14.8%。政府投資引導帶動社會投資,國內需求大幅增加,有效彌補外需缺口,較短時間內扭轉經濟增速下滑趨勢,在世界率先實現回升向好,既戰勝了特殊困難、有力地保障和改善了民生,又為長遠發展奠定了堅實基礎。

1.Strengthening and improving macro-control, and spurring steady and rapid economic development We paid close attention to the orientation, focus and strength of macro-control and kept a firm grasp on the initiative in our economic work.In the early stages of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we adopted correct policies and measures to address overheated investment growth, the excessive trade surplus, excess liquidity, and structural and imported inflation;effectively prevented emerging problems from evolving into trends;and prevented problems in anyone area from becoming general problems.In the last two years, we responded coolly to the impact of the global financial crisis a crisis of a severity seldom seen in the last century, made decisions scientifically and resolutely followed a proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy.We steadfastly implemented a multi-point plan, greatly increased government spending and made structural tax reductions, carried out the plan for restructuring and reinvigorating key industries on a large scale, vigorously promoted innovation and increased support for work in science and technology, and substantially increased social security benefits.We steadfastly followed a strategy of expanding domestic demand;adopted policies and measures to encourage consumer spending;and increased urban and rural incomes, particularly for low-income people.As a result, consumer spending grew steadily and its structure constantly improved.We carried out a two-year investment plan to increase spending by 4 trillion yuan, including 1.18 trillion yuan from the central government.Of this amount, 43.7% was invested in low-income housing projects, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;15.3% in innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions and ecological improvement;23.6% in major infrastructure projects;and 14.8% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Government spending guided and drove nongovernmental investment, greatly increased domestic demand and effectively compensated for weak external demand.This helped to reverse the slowdown in economic growth in a relatively short time and make the Chinese economy the first in the world to pick up again.In this way, we not only got over the hard times and ensured and improved the wellbeing of the people, but also laid a firm foundation for long-term development.(二)毫不放松地做好“三農”工作,鞏固和加強農業基礎。中央財政“三農”投入累計近3萬億元,年均增幅超過23%。徹底取消農業稅和各種收費,結束了農民種田交稅的歷史,每年減輕農民負擔超過1335億元。建立種糧農民補貼制度和主產區利益補償機制,農民的生產補貼資金去年達到1226億元。對重點糧食品種實行最低收購價和臨時收儲政策,小麥、稻谷最低收購價提高了25%到40%。嚴格保護耕地。著力推進農業科技進步。糧食產量屢創歷史新高,去年達到1.09萬億斤,連續7年增產;農民人均純收入達到5919元,實現持續較快增長。農村綜合改革穩步推進,集體林權制度改革、國有農場管理體制改革全面推開。農業農村基礎設施加快建設,完成7356座大中型和重點小型水庫除險加固,解決2.15億農村人口飲水安全問題,農民的日子越過越好,農村發展進入一個新時代。

2.Striving to do our work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers well, and consolidating and strengthening the agricultural foundation Central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and fanners totaled nearly 3 trillion yuan and grew at an average annual rate of more than 23%.Agricultural tax and various government charges were totally abolished, thereby ending the history of farmers paying taxes on the crops they grow and easing their annual burden by more than 133.5 billion yuan.We set up a subsidy system for grain growers and a benefit subsidy system for major growing areas, and paid out 122.6 billion yuan in production subsidies to grain growers last year.Minimum purchase prices and temporary purchase and storage policies were put in place for key grain varieties, and the minimum purchase prices for wheat and rice were raised by between 25% and 40%.We rigorously safeguarded arable land.We worked hard to make advances in agricultural science and technology.New record highs were set for grain production, which reached 545 billion kg last year, the seventh consecutive yearly increase.The per capita net income of farmers continued to grow rapidly and reached 5,919 yuan.We made steady progress with comprehensive reforms in the countryside and fully implemented the reform of tenure in collective forests and the system for managing state-owned farms.We accelerated agricultural and rural infrastructure development.We finished reinforcing 7,356 large and medium-sized reservoirs and key small reservoirs and ensured the safety of drinking water for 215 million rural residents.Farmers' lives constantly improved and rural development entered a new era.(三)大力推進經濟結構調整,提高經濟增長質量和效益。一是加快產業結構調整和自主創新。積極推進企業技術改造和兼并重組,工業特別是裝備制造業總體水平和競爭力明顯提高。戰略性新興產業迅速成長。加快建設國家創新體系,實施知識創新工程和技術創新工程,突破了一批產業發展急需的前沿技術、核心技術和關鍵裝備技術,一大批科研成果實現了產業化。服務業快速發展,在國內生產總值中占比提高2.5個百分點。基礎設施建設明顯加快,五年建成鐵路新線1.6萬公里,新增公路63.9萬公里,其中高速公路3.3萬公里,新建、改擴建機場33個,新建和加固堤防1.7萬公里。二是扎實推進節能減排、生態建設和環境保護。提出到2020年我國控制溫室氣體排放行動目標和政策措施,制定實施節能減排綜合性工作方案。大力發展清潔能源,新增發電裝機容量4.45億千瓦,其中水電9601萬千瓦、核電384萬千瓦。關停小火電機組7210萬千瓦,淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、鋼鐵、水泥、焦炭產能。推進林業重點生態工程建設,完成造林2529萬公頃。綜合治理水土流失面積23萬平方公里,加強重點流域水污染防治、大氣污染防治和工業“三廢”治理。大力發展循環經濟。五年累計,單位國內生產總值能耗下降19.1%,化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降12.45%、14.29%。三是促進區域經濟協調發展。落實區域發展總體戰略,頒布實施全國主體功能區規劃,制定西部大開發新十年指導意見和一系列區域發展規劃,推出促進西藏和四省藏區、新疆等民族地區跨越式發展的新舉措。中西部和東北地區發展加快,經濟增速等主要指標超過全國平均水平;東部地區經濟結構不斷優化,自主創新和競爭力逐步提高;地區間基本公共服務差距趨于縮小,各具特色的區域發展格局初步形成。

3.Strongly promoting economic restructuring and improving the quality andperformance ofeconomic growth First, we accelerated industrial restructuring and innovation.We vigorously carried out technological upgrading in enterprises and enterprise mergers and reorganizations, which noticeably raised the overall level and competitiveness of Chinese industries, particularly equipment manufacturing.Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly.We accelerated the development of the national innovation system;carried out knowledge innovation projects and technology innovation projects;and made breakthroughs in urgently needed cutting-edge technologies, core technologies and key equipment technologies.A large number of research results have been applied in industrial production.The service industry developed quickly and the proportion it contributes to GDP rose by 2.5 percentage points.We greatly accelerated infrastructure development.We expanded the railway system by 16,000 km over the past five years and the road system by 639,000 km, including 33,000 km of expressways.We built, improved or expanded 33 airports and built or reinforced 17,000 km of dykes.Second, we made genuine progress in energy conservation, emissions reduction, ecological improvement and environmental protection.We formulated policies, measures and national objectives for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 and drew up a comprehensive work plan for conserving energy and reducing emissions.We vigorously developed clean energy.New power generating units with a capacity of 445 million kW were put on line, including hydropower plants with 96.01 million kW capacity and nuclear pmver plants with 3.84 million kW capacity.We decommissioned small thermal power plants with a capacity of 72.1 million kW and eliminated a number of outdated coal, steel, cement and coke production facilities.We made progress on key ecological forestry projects, and afforested a total of 25.29 million hectares.We applied a combination of approaches to control soil erosion on 230,000 km2 of land, and strengthened efforts to control water and air pollution in key watersheds, prevent and control air pollution and control industrial wastewater, waste gases and residues.We strongly promoted the development of the circular economy.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 19.1%, chemical oxygen demand by 12.45% and sulfur dioxide emissions by 14.29%.Third, we worked to balance regional economic development.We implemented a master strategy for regional development, issued and implemented the national plan for development priority zones;fommlated new 10-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans;and introduced new measures to stimulate development by leaps and bounds in Tibet, Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces, Xinjiang and other ethnic minority areas.Development accelerated in the central and western regions and northeast China, and their economic growth rates and other main economic indicators were higher than the national average.The economic structure of the eastern region constantly improved, and its innovativeness and competitiveness gradually increased.Discrepancies in levels of basic public

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