第一篇:MBA英語總結
MBA英語總結
Part Ⅰ、Writing ⒈避開扣分點(語法錯誤)的措施: ①對動詞前面加情態動詞。
②對名詞單復數形式如果不確定,則這么處理(Knowledge → many kinds of knowledge)。③不能用You作為人稱代詞。④從句盡量少用,防止錯誤。
⒉內容上:要控制自己的思想,在漢語上控制,英語作文不要求思想內容是否深刻。措施:
①有針對性地選定范文結構,按范文結構來寫,加少部分自己的內容。②注意語言多樣化,用好“七種武器”。
⒊經典句式: ⅰ、as ① 段首句:
As a matter of fact, ______.As is fairly well-known to us all, ______.上述句型就是“萬能句型,無所不在”,可以用在文中任何位置。② 列舉:
……as follows, ______(First, ……)As will be listed below, ______ ③ 插入語:
主語:as it is,謂語______.主語:as it were,謂語______.插入語能提高句子的檔次。④ 段末句:
As discussed so far, ______.(結論)
As for as(主題詞)I am concerned, ______.(結論)As far as I am concerned, ______.(自己觀點)
Just as an old and popular saying goes, ______.(諺語結束)Just as any coin has two sides, ______.(結論)ⅱ、It ①It goes without saying that ______.(不用說……)
②It is commonly(generally/popularly/widely)through(believed/argued/estimated/held)by a majority of experts that ______.③It is quite obvious(clear/evident)that ______.④It is for beyond any reasonable doubt that ______.⑤It may seem pretty likely that ______.ⅲ、There ①There is no denying to the obvious fact ______.(不可否認)②There is no exception to the rule that ______.(無一例外)ⅳ、to ①To be honest, ______(= To tell the truth, ______).②To cut a long story short, ______.(文章結尾句)③To put it in another way, ______.④To put it more exactly, ______.⑤To put it simply, ______ ⅴ、Intervention ①in a remarkable sense, ______.②on any significant scale, ______.③to a considerable extent, ______.ⅵ、List ①First/First and foremost of all/On one hand/To begin with/For one thing ②Second/What’s more/In addition/On other hand ③Third/Last but not least/Finally/For another thing For one thing ______ for another ______.(表示列舉)
⒋文章類型及結構 ⅰ、觀點類: ①兩個觀點論述:
P1:When it comes to a vital topic of …, there are always different viewpoint among the general public in our society, …(總體上介紹)P2(Ⅰ):It is commonly and wildly thought by a small group of people that …, in order to make this point clear, they put forward some interesting argument as listed below, …(贊同的觀點)P2(Ⅱ):On the other hand, it must be admitted that other people may think otherwise, according to them, …, they also arise some remarkable points as follows, … P3:As discussed so far there is certain truth in both views.So far as I know, the first group of people seem to be on a form stand.Therefore I prefer to side with them.②一個主觀點:
提出觀點→深入論述→結束(范文)③問題型:
問題是什么→原因→解決辦法(范文)ⅱ、圖表作文:
P1:一個變化兩個數據,典型數據。
禁止使用倍數關系
禁止使用the more…the more… P2:敘述原因(1~3個)P3:預測趨勢 ⅲ、商務作文: ①Claim ②Apology ③Demand for payment ④Offer 范文(教材303~306)⒌諺語:
①Honestly is the best policy.(誠實為上)②Practice makes perfect.(熟能生巧)③No pains, no gains.(熟能生巧)④A friend in need is a friend indeed.⑤Money is everything.(金錢萬能)⑥Knowledge is power.(知識就是力量)⒍關于WTO語句(見寫作寶典)
Part Ⅱ、Reading Comprehension ⒈時間分配
15分鐘/篇 = 1分鐘(主旨題)+ 6分鐘(讀文章)+ 8分鐘(做題目)⒉Facts做細節題步驟:
①縮小范圍(根據Main idea)。
②找線索比較(題目Key Words對應文章Key Words)。③換詞:找出出題者如何換詞(Replacement of word)。閱讀理解三步走:①研究主旨題;②細節題;③看如何換詞 推論題可暫時放開不做,做后再作。⒊Short answer(簡答題)答案必須簡練,不必是完整句。①主旨題(idea):Common nouns.例:P&D of blacks in American.②Facts 找Source→Copy(從原文中找)③歸納題:自己找詞歸納。原則: a)、short
b)、copy
c)、conclusion ④新題型:論點在前,論據在后。到論據前找論點,論證方法,一般為:giving example ⑤回答Why:去掉Because of,直接答出關鍵詞(注意不要大寫)。完整句回答:a)、so that
b)、because
Part Ⅲ、Translation ⒈從句(重點)
① 定語從句:N(SVO)——總是一個得分點。
對于較短的定語從句,直接提前,長句則要注意拆分。Where引導的從句90%以上為定語從句。定語從句翻譯后的注意位置變化。② 主語從句: 先譯主語。③ 狀語從句:
先譯主句:原因是…,條件是…,結果是… ⒉同位語:
① 譯成定語從句:N1N2→N2N1
② 先從句。例:The fact I passed the exam is true.(我考試通過是事實。)⒊比較結構:出現省略結構,否定語等 ① more…, than… as…, as… 從后往前譯
②no more…, than… ③A not so much … as B ④as much as ⑤歧義詞組:as well a(也),as far as(就…來說),as long as(只要).⒋非謂語動詞: V-ing,to V,V-ed ①修飾名詞:作定語 ②修飾動詞:作狀語
? 時間狀語:正當 ? 原因狀語:因為 ? 結果狀語:結果 ? 目的狀語:為了
Part Ⅳ、語法:
步驟:①Choice(選項)→②相似選項選出key(排除明顯不相似詞)→③、sentence 根據相似選項,前后觀察,從結構上選key.⒈從句:
①從句引導詞:as → what → which → that ②狀語從句:provided = given(= if),directly = immediately(=as soon as).③unless(= if not),not…until(搭配)④從句成分——SVD.狀語從句——邏輯含義,兩句之間的邏輯關系。If, when, unless, not until ⒉非謂語動詞:
①V-ing —— 主動;V-ed —— 被動 ②V-ing —— 現在;to V —— 將來
③N V-ing S V O;SVO,V-ing;獨立主格結構 ④介詞后,V,V-ing ⒊虛擬語氣 ①倒裝結構
②建議(命令,假設)that S V(原型)⒋結構
①比較結構:A:more N.…than N.(謂語動詞與more后的N一致)
B:倍數關系:twice more…than…;twice as…as…;
②倒裝結構:Hardly(Only,No…)S V O What = That that
①句首:
As a matter of fact, …
As is fairly well-known to us all, … ②列舉:
……as follows, ______(First, ……)As will be listed below, ______ ③插入:
主語:as it is,謂語______.主語:as it were,謂語______.④結束:
As discussed so far, ______.(結論)
As for as(主題詞)I am concerned, ______.(結論)As far as I am concerned, ______.(自己觀點)
Just as an old and popular saying goes, ______.(諺語結束)Just as an old proverb goes, ______.Just as an old idiom goes, ______.Just as any coin has two sides, ______.(結論)⑤
It goes without saying that ______.(不用說……)
It is commonly(generally/popularly/widely)through(believed/argued/estimated/held)by a majority of experts that ______.It is quite obvious(clear/evident)that ______.It is for beyond any reasonable doubt that ______.It may seem pretty likely that ______.⑥
There is no denying to the obvious fact ______.(不可否認)There is no exception to the rule that ______.(無一例外)⑦
To be honest, ______(= To tell the truth, ______).To cut a long story short, ______.(文章結尾句)To put it in another way, ______.To put it more exactly, ______.To put it simply, ______ ⑧列舉:
First/First and foremost of all/On one hand/To begin with/For one thing Second/What’s more/In addition/On other hand Third/Last but not least/Finally/For another thing For one thing ______ for another ______.(表示列舉)
模式一:問題→原因→解決辦法
AIDS in Modern Society Recently, there has been a wide concern among the general public with respect to AIDS.As can be seen from the newspapers and TV programs, there are already many cases of AIDS in our life.If the present situation goes on, serious sequences will be inevitable in the near future.Then how to prevent it from further spread.First and foremost of all, we should learn the facts that how AIDS is transmitted and how it is not transmitted.What’s more, we should share that knowledge with our family and community.Last but not the least, we need government support from both areas of finance and law.Only through these efforts, I believe, can the problem of AIDS be efficiently solved soon.They also arise some remarkable points as follows, …, besides, … P3(My view):
As discussed so far above there is certain truth in both views.As far as I know, … , Therefore I prefer to side with them.模式二:雙觀點型
Position and Negative Aspects of Sports When it comes to a vital topic of sports, there are always different viewpoints among the general public in our modern society.It is commonly thought to majority of people that sports are of great important to people’s health.To begin with, as a matter of fact, sports stimulate blood circulation.In addition, it goes without saying that sports can help digestion.Last but not the least, sports, as it were, make one energetic.On the other hand, it must be admitted that other people may think otherwise.According to them, sports are time-consuming in the morning.Furthermore, if one takes exercise without taking in enough nutrition, it will do harm to his health, which is just the opposite to what he wishes.As discussed so far above there is certain truth in both views.As far as I know, the first group of people may seem to be reasonable and therefore I prefer to side with them.框架:
P1(introduction):
When it comes to a vital topic of ______, there are always different viewpoints among the general public in our modern society.It is commonly thought to majority of people that ______.In order to make this point clear, they put forward some interesting argument as listed below.First and foremost of all, ______, what’s more, ______.Last but not the least, ______.P2(discussed):
On the other hand, it must be admitted that other people may think otherwise.According to them, ______.
第二篇:01 MBA英語沖刺總結
MBA英語總結
一、閱讀理解A
(一)解題順序
1、題目標題:快速定位題目核心詞及題型—目的文章中快速定位文章所在位置
2、文首文尾:詳讀文首文尾,特別文首句,明白文章主體寫什么;總-分-總;總-分
3、順序解題:按文章順序,根據定位具體題目對應文章位置,詳細解題;
(二)總體原則
1、開門見山點主題:關注文首/段首句;
2、轉折之后必答案,轉折之后是重點,轉折之后即觀點,轉折之后表態度;
轉折單詞:but ,however,though,yet ,hardly,while, certainly, 轉折詞組:in fact,of course,sad to say,as a matter of fact,(三)文章結構
1、文章結構:總-分或總-分-總,要么轉折、對比,要么舉例說明。每段的第一句很重要,尤其總分結構的段。通過首段或者前兩段,來把握信息點。也就是作者想說什么。
2、中心論點:中心句一般在段首。舉例段一般在舉例前后。轉折之后即中心(或者后一句,一般在該段的第三行上下浮動)。重點詞:that mean,the notion is that
3、文章舉例:舉例都是為了說明觀點的。這個觀點(中心句),大部分會在舉例之前已經表達了,部分在舉例之后表達。一定要找出作者舉例想說明的這個觀點。
4、關鍵轉折:轉折的時候,你要知道作者對什么進行了轉折。
(四)題型思路:
1、細節題:
(1)特殊選項即答案:一個與其他三個選項很不一樣;(2)根據題干找選項:
提問式問法:選項回答題干即答案what,which,why 補全填空法:選項帶入題干,邏輯相符通順;
2、詞/句義題:
關鍵看詞匯附近上下文語境理解該處詞義;統一視同為生詞;
(1)考熟詞:考生一般最熟悉的相近意非答案,不能按已知意思找選項;(2)考生詞:
并列關系:同義詞;which means,in other words,to put it simply 轉折關系:反義詞
解釋說明:選項用原詞解釋原詞非答案
3、推斷題:
(1)題干標志:infer,imply,indicate,暗示了推斷了
(2)選項不能與原文一樣,但也不能沒關系,原文某句話找到根據,同義詞替換(3)最佳方法:排除選項法
4、態度題:
(1)題干出現:attitude,viewpoint,opinion,standing point;(2)選詞總結
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CD基本不選,主要在AB里選擇;A正向;B負向;關鍵作者使用詞性方向;同類排
5、事例分析:
(1)題干標志:case,example:(2)一般例前句為答案,例后面少;觀點+例子證明;(3)就近找答案,同義詞替換為選項;
6、主旨題
(1)題干關鍵詞:main idea,topic,title,entitle,purpose,maily above(2)看文首開門見山點主旨;首段轉折之后為答案;開頭提問式,選項回答即答案;(3)選項尋找關鍵詞;文首段首高頻關鍵詞對應即答案;(4)擴大/縮小信息非答案;例子/原句非答案;
(五)解題技巧
1、正確選項:
(1)高頻詞對應法:特別文首、段首關鍵高頻詞;
(2)同義詞替換法:選項與文章出題處一個或幾個詞,同義詞替換表相同意;(3)選項矛盾選一:選項中意思完全相反的2個選項,其中之一是對的(4)詞匯題的選項:在原文的該詞匯附近的句子;
并列關系或解釋——同義詞。轉折關系——反義詞。
(5)語氣委婉不絕對的選項往往是答案:can,could,probably,may,maybe,might,be likely to,most,more or less,relatively,assumably,ordinarily presumedly,about,approximately,almost,nearly,perhaps等。含有某種、某些、某人的不確定的指代含義的選項往往是答案some,someone,somebody,something,certain,somewhat,sometime,somewhere.含有表示“發展變化”含義的選項往往是答案:change,delay,improve,postpone,increase,alter,decrease,decline,expand,develop,grow,evolution,progress,influence,transfer,transform等。含有表示“重要”含義的選項往往是答案:
important,necessity,essential,necessary,crucial,critical,fatal,main,concernful,momentous,significant,staple,vital.正確答案幾率較大的詞:some,should,change,effort,endeavor.2、錯誤選項
(1)同類項排除法:選項相同選項非答案;(2)重復原文非答案;
(3)擴大/縮小信息非答案;
(4)文章例子非答案:用文章里舉例的句子來作為選項,直接排除;(5)張冠李戴偷換概念非答案;
/ 5(6)無關選項非答案:與文章無關,節外生枝選項非;(7)選項主謂賓與題干原文不一致非答案;(8)選項中出現only的非答案;
語氣過于絕對的選項往往不是答案:must,always,never,the most(最高級),all,only,any,none,entirely,utterly,every,completely,necessary, dispensable,indispensable,certainly,undoubtedly,definitely,surely, by all means,all to nothing,to acertainty,等。
二、閱讀理解B(7選5)
(一)多項對應(易):
1、尋找題干關鍵詞:名稱、人名、數字、謂動、信息詞等
2、回到原文定位:跳讀,尋找題關鍵詞在文章出處,標記;
3、原文與選項比較:同義詞替換
4、解題技巧:先選擇簡單可確定的選項;反向選擇最終難的題目;
(二)選小標題(難):段落中心思想
1、出題說明:橫線為下面段落的主要標題內容;
2、分析選項:尋找選項關鍵詞,標出;
3、段落定位:關注段首,細節精讀;
4、解題方法:高頻詞對應解題法;同義詞替換法;
5、解題順序:先做確定簡單的,再做難的-反選(最后的排除法)
三、翻譯題
1、評分標準: 卷面分,內容分,不能有錯別字,全部為中文。
2、卷面形式:卷面整潔,字數滿格,字跡清晰,內容“信達雅”,準確完整通順;
3、翻譯技巧:
(1)直譯與意譯相結合原則;盡量先直譯,不行再意譯(2)詞匯翻譯:
增詞法:根據語境,適當增加詞語;
重復法:避免歧義和語義明確,把漢語重復; 比喻法:盡量適用中文,同比英語對仗發譯;(3)否定肯定轉換:
肯翻否:rather A than B 選A非B,more than ,better than ,far from 否翻肯:not until,no less than Anyting but =not at all 一點也不
4、翻譯順序:
(1)簡單句找謂動,長難句找連詞;遇到長難分句翻。
(2)正常主從正序翻,形式主/賓從還原翻,主從長難分句翻;(3)方式/目的/時狀/地狀/定語從句提前翻,表語從句正序翻(4)同位語從句提前翻(被修飾的名詞之前),若被隔開分句翻;
(5)主從在句首,動詞之后是賓從,系動之后是表從,名詞之后同位從(6)非限定從句分句翻,英語有標點跟隨翻;
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四、寫作
(一)大作文
1、柱狀bar/曲線line chart(1)第一段:開篇數字
The given bar/line chart clearly illustrates great changes from the year__to the year__.According to the data revealed by this chart,the number of__ increased dramatically from __ to__,while the number of__ slided slightly and remained almost the same.In the meantime,the number of__ experienced a steady downturn./The number of __fluctuated sharply all though.1000萬 10 million(百萬)(2)第二段:分析原因 From my perspective,a couple of factors can contribute to this phenomenon.There are numerous reasons accounting for such changes.To begin with,it is apparent that the prosperity of our nation and the improvement of living condition result in the popularity of this trend.What is more,there is no denying that government implemented proper relevant policies recently,which play a significant role in driving this tendency.Last but not least,it can be said without any exaggeration that the turning attitude of people,in combination with better education, promotes more people to make these choices.(In addition,it is universally acknowledged that confronted with life pressure in the highly developed society,people would like to manage and reduce their pressure.As a result,more attention is paid to do sth(tour Chinese traditional culture)(3)第三段:收尾總結
Base on what has been discussed above, we can safely come to a conclusion that this trend/phenomenon will continue in the following years.It is worthwhile to note that it surely can be inevitably widespread with better governmental policies.In my opinion,it is a positive trend and should be encouraged,for it is not only beneficial for A__,but also conducive to B__.2、餅圖 pie chart(1)第一段:開篇數字
As we can see from the diagram, remarkable tendency that has occurred in the sphere draws our attention.The given pie chart clearly illustrates the percentage of_主題 _.According to the data revealed by this chart,the ranking first/the percentage of__ accounts for _% of the total.Meanwhile,The next two significant items are_A and _B,which take up _% and _% respectively.In the meantime,the proportion of the remaining part only makes up a small percentage in the whole chart.3、表格 table(1)第一段:開篇數字
As we can see from the diagram, remarkable tendency that has occurred in the sphere draws our attention.The given table clearly illustrates the percentage of_主題 _.According to the data revealed by this table,most A under __ are ,and In the meantime,the proportion of the remaining part only makes up a small percentage in the whole table.4 / 5
(二)小作文:
1、道歉信
2、感謝信
3、邀請信
4、建議信
5、詢問信
6、辭職信
7、求職信
8、祝賀信
9、請求信
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第三篇:MBA 英語常用翻譯技巧總結
MBA 英語常用翻譯技巧總結
(一)翻譯考察三方面內容:
1、專有名詞(如operational research expert)、習慣用法(如depend on)及多義詞的翻 譯(如school、set 的多義)
2、一般性翻譯技巧:包括詞義選擇,詞序調整,詞性轉換和增詞法等等
3、具體句型(定從、狀從、主從、賓從、表從、同位從、強調結構、并列、比較、倒裝、插入、被動、否定等)
一、常用方法
英漢兩種語言在句法、詞匯、修辭等方面均存在著很大的差異,因此在進行英漢互譯時必然會遇到 很多困難,需要有一定的翻譯技巧作指導。常用的翻譯技巧有增譯法、省譯法、轉換法、拆句法、合并法、正譯法、反譯法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重組法和綜合法等。這些技巧不但可以運用 于筆譯之中,也可以運用于口譯過程中,而且應該用得更加熟練。
1.增譯法:指根據英漢兩種語言不同的思維方式、語言習慣和表達方式,在翻譯時增添一些詞、短句或句子,以便更準確地表達出原文所包含的意義。這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。漢語無主句較 多,而英語句子一般都要有主語,所以在翻譯漢語無主句的時候,除了少數可用英語無主句、被動 語態或“There be…”結構來翻譯以外,一般都要根據語境補出主語,使句子完整。英漢兩種語言 在名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞和冠詞的使用方法上也存在很大差別。英語中代詞使用頻率較高,凡說 到人的器官和歸某人所有的或與某人有關的事物時,必須在前面加上物主代詞。因此,在漢譯英時 需要增補物主代詞,而在英譯漢時又需要根據情況適當地刪減。英語詞與詞、詞組與詞組以及句子 與句子的邏輯關系一般用連詞來表示,而漢語則往往通過上下文和語序來表示這種關系。因此,在 漢譯英時常常需要增補連詞。英語句子離不開介詞和冠詞。另外,在翻譯時還要注意增補一些原文 中暗含而沒有明言的詞語和一些概括性、注釋性的詞語,以確保譯文意思的完整。總之,通過增譯,一是保證譯文語法結構的完整,二是保證譯文意思的明確。如:(1)What about calling him right away? 馬上給他打個電話,你覺得如何?(增譯主語和謂語)
(2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四個現代化實現該有多好啊!(增譯主句)(3)Indeed, the reverse is true 實際情況恰好相反。(增譯名詞)
(4)就是法西斯國家本國的人民也被剝奪了人權。
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增譯物 主代詞)
(5)_______只許州官放火,不許百姓點燈。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps.(增譯連詞)(6)這是我們兩國人民的又一個共同點。
This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增譯介詞)(7)在人權領域,中國反對以大欺小、以強凌弱。
In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增譯暗含詞語)(8)三個臭皮匠,合成一個諸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增譯注 釋性詞語)
2.省譯法:這是與增譯法相對應的一種翻譯方法,即刪去不符合目標語思維習慣、語言習慣和表 達方式的詞,以避免譯文累贅。增譯法的例句反之即可。又如:
(1)You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京訪問期間就住在這家飯店里。(省譯物主代詞)(2)I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在這兒過得愉快。(省譯物主代詞)(3)中國政府歷來重視環境保護工作。
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.(省譯名詞)3.轉換法:指翻譯過程中為了使譯文符合目標語的表述方式、方法和習慣而對原句中的詞類、句 型和語態等進行轉換。具體的說,就是在詞性方面,把名詞轉換為代詞、形容詞、動詞;把動詞轉 換成名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞;把形容詞轉換成副詞和短語。在句子成分方面,把主語變成狀語、定語、賓語、表語;把謂語變成主語、定語、表語;把定語變成狀語、主語;把賓語變成主語。在 句型方面,把并列句變成復合句,把復合句變成并列句,把狀語從句變成定語從句。在語態方面,可以把主動語態變為被動語態。如:
(1)我們學院受教委和市政府的雙重領導。
Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government.(名詞轉動詞)(2)Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.孩子們看電視過多會大大地損壞視力。(名詞轉動詞)(3)由于我們實行了改革開放政策,我國的綜合國力有了明顯的增強。
Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved.(動詞轉名詞)(4)I’m all for you opinion.我完全贊成你的意見。(介詞轉動詞)
(5)The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.改革開放政策受到了全中國人民的擁護。(動詞轉名詞)
(6)In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment.作者在文章中,對人類疏忽自身環境作了批評。(形容詞轉名詞)
(7)In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.在有些歐洲國家里,人民享受最廣泛的社會福利,如醫療保險等。(被動語態轉主動語態)(8)時間不早了,我們回去吧!
We don’t have much time left.Let’s go back.(句型轉換)(9)學生們都應該德、智、體全面發展。
All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.(名詞轉副詞)4.拆句法和合并法:這是兩種相對應的翻譯方法。拆句法是把一個長而復雜的句子拆譯成若干個 較短、較簡單的句子,通常用于英譯漢;合并法是把若干個短句合并成一個長句,一般用于漢譯英。漢語強調意合,結構較松散,因此簡單句較多;英語強調形合,結構較嚴密,因此長句較多。所以 漢譯英時要根據需要注意利用連詞、分詞、介詞、不定式、定語從句、獨立結構等把漢語短句連成 長句;而英譯漢時又常常要在原句的關系代詞、關系副詞、主謂連接處、并列或轉折連接處、后續 成分與主體的連接處,以及意群結束處將長句切斷,譯成漢語分句。這樣就可以基本保留英語語序,順譯全句,順應現代漢語長短句相替、單復句相間的句法修辭原則。如:
(1)Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.同中國加強合作,符合美國的利益。(在主謂連接處拆譯)
(2)I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我要感謝你們無與倫比的盛情款待。中國人民正是以這種熱情好客而聞明世界的。(在定語從句前 拆譯)
(3)This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account 英聯邦各國尤其如此,它們認為英國加入歐共體,將能保證歐共體的政策照顧到它們的利益。(在 定語從句前拆譯)
(4)中國是個大國,百分之八十的人口從事農業,但耕地只占土地面積的十分之一,其余為山脈、森林、城鎮和其他用地。
China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.(合譯)
5.正譯法和反譯法:這兩種方法通常用于漢譯英,偶爾也用于英譯漢。所謂正譯,是指把句子按 照與漢語相同的語序或表達方式譯成英語。所謂反譯則是指把句子按照與漢語相反的語序或表達方 式譯成英語。正譯與反譯常常具有同義的效果,但反譯往往更符合英語的思維方式和表達習慣。因 此比較地道。如:
(1)在美國,人人都能買到槍。
In the United States, everyone can buy a gun.(正譯)In the United States, guns are available to everyone.(反譯)(2)你可以從因特網上獲得這一信息。
You can obtain this information on the Internet.(正譯)
This information is accessible/available on the Internet.(反譯)(3)他突然想到了一個新主意。
Suddenly he had a new idea.(正譯)He suddenly thought out a new idea.(正譯)A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him.(反譯)(4)他仍然沒有弄懂我的意思。
He still could not understand me.(正譯)Still he failed to understand me.(反譯)(5)無論如何,她算不上一位思維敏捷的學生。
She can hardly be rated as a bright student.(正譯)She is anything but a bright student.(反譯)(6)Please withhold the document for the time being.請暫時扣下這份文件。(正譯)請暫時不要發這份文件。(反譯)
二、被動語態譯法
英語中被動語態的使用范圍極為廣泛, 尤其是在科技英語中, 被動語態幾乎隨處可見, 凡是在不 必、不愿說出或不知道主動者的情況下均可使用被動語態, 因此, 掌握被動語態的翻譯方法, 對于 MBA 入學考試的復習與應考是極為重要的, 因為在MBA 入學考試中,英譯漢文章的內容多以科 普文章為主。在漢語中, 也有被動語態, 通常通過“把”或“被”等詞體現出來, 但它的使用范圍遠遠 小于英語中被動語態的使用范圍, 因此英語中的被動語態在很多情況下都翻譯成主動結構。對于 英語原文的被動結構, 我們一般采取下列的方法: 1.翻譯成漢語的主動句。英語原文的被動結構翻譯成漢語的主動結構又可以進一步分為幾種不同 的情況。
(1)英語原文中的主語在譯文中仍做主語。在采用此方法時, 我們往往在譯文中使用了“加以”, “經過”, “用……來”等詞來體現原文中的被動含義。例如: 例1.Other questions will be discussed briefly.其它問題將簡單地加以討論。
例2.In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.換言之, 礦物就是存在于地球上, 但須經過挖掘、鉆孔、人工爆破或類似作業才能獲得的物質。例3.Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.核能對健康、安全, 甚至對生命本身構成的危險可以用一個詞—輻射來概括。
(2)將英語原文中的主語翻譯為賓語, 同時增補泛指性的詞語(人們,大家等)作主語。例如: 例1.It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.可能有人會指出, 無線電廣播同樣也能做到這一點, 但還是電視屏幕上的節目要生動、真實得多。例2.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series ofprogrammes which are both instructive and entertaining.(85 年考題)人們常說, 電視使人了解時事, 熟悉政治領域的最新發展變化, 并能源源不斷地為觀眾提供各種 既有教育意義又有趣的節目。
例3.It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.人們普遍認為,孩子們的早年經歷在很大程度上決定了他們的性格及其未來的人品。另外, 下列的結構也可以通過這一手段翻譯: It is asserted that … 有人主張…… It is believed that … 有人認為……
It is generally considered that … 大家(一般人)認為 It is well known that … 大家知道(眾所周知)…… It will be said … 有人會說…… It was told that … 有人曾經說……
(3)將英語原文中的by, in, for 等做狀語的介詞短語翻譯成譯文的主語, 在此情況下, 英語原文 中的主語一般被翻譯成賓語。例如: 例1.A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.原子反應堆需要一種合適的燃料。
例2.By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.大戰結束時, 這個組織拯救了八百人, 但那是以二百多比利時人和法國人的生命為代價的。
例3.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.許多人認為, 普通人的思維活動根本無法與科學家的思維過程相比, 而且認為這些思維過程必須 經過某種專門的訓練才能掌握。(4)翻譯成漢語的無主句。例如: 例1.Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.應該盡最大努力告?nbsp| 年輕人吸煙的危害, 特別是吸上煙癮后的可怕后果。
例2.By this procedure, different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their inhibit to heat.通過這種方法分析發現不同種類的蜂蜜的抗菌活動對熱的敏感程度也極為不同。
例4.Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.在我們這個世紀內研制了許多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的也許就是氣墊船了。例5.New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….必須找到新的能源,這需要時間……
另外, 下列結構也可以通過這一手段翻譯: It is hoped that … 希望……
It is reported that … 據報道…… It is said that … 據說……
It is supposed that … 據推測…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸張地說…… It must be admitted that … 必須承認…… It must be pointed out that … 必須指出…… It will be seen from this that … 由此可見……(5)翻譯成帶表語的主動句。例如: 例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly.進攻的決定不是輕易作出的。
例2.On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.總的來說, 得出這種結論是有一定程度把握的, 但必須具備兩個條件: 能夠假定這個孩子對測試 的態度和與他比較的另一個孩子的態度相同;他也沒有因為缺乏別的孩子已掌握的有關知識而被 扣分。
(注意上述翻譯技巧在該句翻譯中的綜合運用。)2.譯成漢語的被動語態。英語中的許多被動句可以翻譯成漢語的被動句。常用“被”, “給”, “遭”, “挨”, “為……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。例如: 例1.Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man.地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人類引燃的。
例2.These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.這些訊號是由外層空間的星球碰撞或者核反應所造成的。
例3.Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colours.自然光或者“白光”實際上是由許多種顏色組成的。
例4.The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped.流體在管道中流動的情況, 受到諸如流體粘度、泵送速度等各種因素的影響。
例5.They may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrial planets, and they are believed to have been the planetesimal-like building blocks for some of the outer planets and their satellites.它們可能一直是地球行星的一部分大氣的來源。它們還被認為是構成外部行星以及其衛星的一種類 似微星的基礎材料。
例6.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.工具 和技術本身作為根本性創新的源泉多年來在很大程度上被科學史學家和科學思想家們忽視了。
例7.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府是以減少技術的經費投入來增加純理論科學的經費投入, 還是相反, 這往往取決于把哪一方 看作是驅動的力量。
例8.The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.石油的供應可能隨時會被中斷;不管怎樣,以目前的這種消費速度,只需30 年左右,所有的油井 都會枯竭。
MBA 英語常用翻譯技巧總結
(二)三、形容詞譯法
英語和漢語語言結構和表達習慣有很多差異之處,翻譯時往往能死扣原文逐詞逐句譯出。下面擬談談形容 詞的翻譯問題。
(一)、一些原義并無否定意思的形容詞和別的詞搭配,有時可譯成否定句。1.These goods are in short supply.這些貨物供應不足。
2.This equation is far from being complicated.這個方程一定也不復雜。
(二)、為了使譯文自然流暢,讀起來順口,在一些形容詞前可根據上下文內容加上副詞“很”、“最”等字。1.It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.這是我度過最愉快的一天。
2.It is easy to compress a gas.氣體很容易壓縮。
(三)、有時可將英語的“形容詞+名詞短語”譯成漢語的主謂結構。1.She spoke in a high voice.她講話聲音很尖。
2.This engine develops a high torque.這臺發動機產生的轉矩很大。
(四)、如果一個名詞前有幾個形容詞修飾,英譯時應根據漢語習慣決定其順序。1.a large brick conference hall 一個用磚砌的大會議廳
2.a plastic garden chair 一把在花園里用的塑料椅子
(五)、英語中一些表示知覺、情感、欲望等心理狀態的形容詞,同連系動詞構成復合謂語時,翻譯時可 將形容詞譯成動詞。
1.You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承擔的責任。
2.Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.類似的批評在他后來寫的評論美國的文章中屢見不鮮。
3.He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever.他誠懇地懺悔過去,并保證永遠不再玩汽車。
(六)、由于語言習慣不同,英語里的形容詞有時譯成漢語副詞。1.I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body.我要對每一個人都親切、溫順、和善。
2.He asked me for a full account of myself and family.他詳盡地問起我自己和我家里的情況。
3.Another war will be the absolute end of our country.再來一次戰爭將徹底毀滅我們這個國家。
從以上幾個方面可以看出,譯好形容詞是使譯文通順、流暢的一個環節
四、舉例before 和good 具體譯法
(一)連詞before 的含義是“在……以前”(previous to the time when)。在句法上,它引導狀語從句。可見它的詞義頗為單純,功能比較專一。然而,由于漢英表達習慣的不同,在將before 漢譯時,其譯法卻 多種多樣。常見的有以下幾種:
1,直譯成“(在)……(以或之)前”。這時主句與before 從句中的兩個動作按時間先后依次發生。Before I enter on the subject I have something to say.在討論這一問題之前,我有些話要說。
They led a miserable life before their hometown was liberated.他們家鄉解放前生活很苦。
2,譯成“(后)……才”。副詞“才”在漢語中表示某事發生得晚或慢。如果在含有before 從句的復合句中,強調從句動作發生得晚或慢時,就可以應用這種譯法。這里又有兩種情況,一種是主句主語為名詞或代詞,另一種是主語與非人稱it。
The train had left before he got to the station.火車開了他才到車站。
It seemed a long time before my turn came.似乎過了好大一會兒才輪到我。
3,連詞before 與barely,scarcely, hardly 連用時還可譯成“剛……就”。在漢語中,“就”強調事情發生 得早或快。如果原文突出主句與從句的動作一前一后緊接著或幾乎同時發生,即可用此譯法。We had barely sat down before we heard bicycles outside.我們剛坐下就聽到外邊有自行車的聲音。
We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.我們剛離開學校天就下起雨來。
4,如果原文主句中謂語動詞是否定形式則可譯成“就”、“便”、或“快”。這又分主句主語為名(代)詞和it 兩種情況。
I had not waited long before she came.我沒等多久她就來了。
It was not long before he got to know it.不久他就知道了。
5,假使原文目的在于渲染從句動作發生之前,主句動作業已發生,可譯成“未……就”或“還沒有(來得及)…… 就”。
The day began to break before we got to the hilltop.我們還沒有到達山頂天就開始亮了。
Before I could say a single word, he ran away.我連一句話也沒來得及說他就跑了。
另外,像before he knew it 一類習慣說法,則可譯成“不……(就)”。The boy fell down from the ladder bvefore he knew it.那個男孩不知怎么一來就從梯子上摔了下來。
6,譯為“趁(著)”,或用反說,譯成“不然會”、“要不就”、“沒”、“不”等。Study hard before it is too late.趁早努力學習。
I’ll do it now before I forget.趁著還沒忘記,我現在就做。
She arrived before I expected.我沒料到她來的這么早。
7,某些習語中的連詞before 可譯成“先……然后”、“先……再”或“而后”等。One must sow before one can reap.先有播種后有收獲。Look before you leap.三思而后行。
有些習語中的before 也可譯成“未……先”。
Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.雞蛋未孵,勿先數雛。
此外,連詞before 還作“與其……(寧愿)”(rather than)講,通常可以為“寧可……也不(肯)”、“寧愿…… 決不”等。例如:
We will die before we give in.我們寧死不屈。He would die before he lied.他寧死也不肯說謊。
以上羅列了連詞before 的幾種常見的譯法。英漢表達方式很不相同,具體譯法,須根據具體情況而定
(二)Good 一詞,在英語中該算是最熟悉、最常用的了。它的搭配能力很強,而且也常見于科技文章中。一看到good,我們便自然而然得會想到“好的”這一詞義。然而,在一些場合,good 的譯法卻是頗費躊躇 的。
1,可譯為“好的”,但概念模糊:如good fish(好魚),是指品種,大小還是新鮮程度呢?
2,勉強可譯為“好的”,但不搭配:如Good fire 若譯為“很好的爐火”是可以理解的,但不如譯為“旺盛的 爐火”。
3,譯成“好的”反而錯了:如good hard work 不是指“一項好的但卻艱巨的工作”,而是指“一項十分艱巨 的工作”。
為什么這樣普通的詞在翻譯時卻難處理呢?其原因有二: 第一,只知其一,不知其二、三
有的詞有一個義項,有的詞有兩個或兩個以上義項。good 一詞,在《現代高級英漢雙解辭典》中就有十 八項釋義,如不能全面地掌握這些義項,翻譯時就會遇到困難。第二,不善舉一反三,觸類旁通
從語言的發展來看,一個詞總會有一個最原始的或最基本的詞義(叫做本義),而其他的詞義是由這個詞 發展或引申而來的(叫做引申義)。引申,就是由原義產生新義。選擇詞義難就難在這個“新”字上。一是 英語單詞本身已有引申義。這就要勤查字典,從諸多詞義中去挑選最合適的詞義。二是詞典中所有詞義都 不貼切,要根據漢譯的需要去創造新義,而新義又必須與本義相關聯。如good 一詞在英語中已有引申義 “strong,vigorous(強健的,有力的)”。因此,His eyesight is still good.一句應譯為“他的視力仍 然很強。”(good 由“好的”引申為“強的”)。而在下面的例句中,good 可引申為“高度的”。To produce strong X-rays the tube had to be made a very good vacuum.管子要產生強的射線,就必須制成高度的真空。而“高度的”這一詞義,在《現代高級英漢雙解辭典》、《遠 東英漢大辭典》等的漢語釋義中都是沒有的,因而可算是新創的。現在,讓我們以《現代高級英漢雙解辭 典》為據,列舉good 一詞的幾個義項來觀察它在漢譯時是如何引申和再引申的。為了節省篇幅,只探討 作為形容詞用的而且常用于科技文章中的幾個義項的譯法,不涉及用于生活、口語和文學時的譯法,也不 涉及用于問候語、客氣的稱呼、贊揚之詞以及片語和復合詞的用法。為了方便,在此不再引用其英語的釋 義而用其對應的漢語譯義,每一詞義只舉一例。(1)、美好的;良好的;令人滿意的 a good knife 一把好刀 a good conductor 良導體 漢譯時引申:
1,a good soil 肥沃的土壤 2,good oil 提純了的油
3,a good money 真的貨幣 4,a good river 暢通的河道 5,good English 規范的英語
6,Good switches move quickly.優質開關動作靈活。(good 引申為“優質的”)7,That engine sounds good.那臺發動機聽起來很正常。(good 引申譯為“正常”)8,the rocket travels better through vacuum than it des through the air.火箭穿過真空比穿過空氣容易。(good 引申譯為“容易”)
9,A good example of a case where electricity is changed to power is the electric streetcar.電變為動力的典型例子是電車。(good example 引申譯為“典型的例子”)10,In the absence of an outdoor aerial this telescopic aerial will give a good picture if the transmitter signal is sufficiently strong.在無室外天線時,若發射機的信號很 強,這種拉桿天線可產生清晰的圖象(good picture 引申譯為“清晰的圖象”)
11,Laser possesses a series of remarkable properties, which make it a better light source in a number of cases.激光有許多顯著的特性,這些特性使它在許多情況下成為一種更理 想的光源。(good 引申譯為“理想的”)(2)、有益的
Milk is good food for children.牛奶對小孩是有益的。漢譯時引申: 1,good gradient平緩的坡度
2,It is no good heating the material to such a temperature.把材料加熱到這樣的溫度是不恰當 的。(good 引申為“恰當的”)
(3)、能勝任的;有能力的;能干的 漢譯時引申:
1,a good chess player 高明的棋手
2,A good human translator can do perhaps 2000 to 3000 words a day.一個熟練的翻譯人員一 天也許能翻譯兩千到三千個詞。(good 引申譯為“熟練的”)(4)、徹底的;完全的
The workers gave the machine a good checking.工人們對機器進行了徹底的檢查。漢譯時引申: 1,have a good drink 喝個痛快
2,It has been thought of making good use of the sun"s energy to serve the well-being of the people.我們早就設想過充分利用太陽能來為自己造福。(good 引申譯為“充分”)3,This set consumes so little power that a good 12 volt car battery can still start your car after you have been watching TV for 10 hours.本機耗電極少,因而具有12 伏足電的汽車蓄電池在你看電視十小時后仍能用于開車。(good 引申為“充足的”)
4,Rivers provide good sources of hydropower.河流具有豐富的水力資源。(good 引申譯為“豐富 的”)
5,The CE circuit is widely favored since it can be designed for good voltage and current gains.CE 電路得到廣泛的使用,因為它能獲得高電壓增益和高電流增益。(good...gains 引申譯為“高……增益”)
(5)、可靠的;安全的;確實的
a car with good brakes 剎車可靠的汽車 a good investment 安全的投資漢譯時引申: good debts 確可償還的債務__
第四篇:2015最新MBA英語備考
MBA英語備考
英語學習是一個點點滴滴積累的過程,因此,在備考過程中,大家就需要努力做到系統,循序漸進和按部就班。
首先,大家目前要對自己的英語水平做一個客觀的評估,一個準確的定位,繼而制定出相應的復習計劃和策 略。
從整年的備考來講,英語復習大致分為四個階段:
第一個階段是基本功夯實階段。萬丈高樓平地起,關鍵是要打地基,這一階段主要側重英語知識的系統復習。大家應該把重點放在基礎知識的積累方面,具體而言就是詞匯和語法兩方面知識的積累。
第二個階段是真題解密階段。所謂真題解密階段,即正視過去,重視歷年真題的學習研究。歷史是一面鏡子,可以折射未來發展的道路。要真正做到這一點,同學們應把真題分為一個個專題,作深度剖析,即,根據試卷題型分成詞匯、完型、閱讀、翻譯和寫作五個專題。這五個專題就是我們在第二個階段重點攻克的目標。我們在總結真題的過程當中會發現,真題是有很多規律的,歷史總是驚人地相似的,命題專家并不是隨意地出題,而是萬變不離其宗,都是有一定套路的。因此,在專項研究每個專題的過程當中,同學們可以深刻地感受到這些套路的存在。相應地,我們也可以挖掘出富有針對性的之道。在這個階段,大家還必須把這些相應的之道進行總結,并力爭把它們上升到相對熟練的高度,這是第二個階段的核心任務。
第三個階段是鞏固提高階段。在此階段,我們一方面要繼續提升我們的語言基本功(尤其是詞匯的認知和理解),提升我們的語言應用能力(讀、寫、譯),熟化我們的解題套路,另一方面,我們還要強化優勢,彌補劣勢,找到自己的不足加以有針對性地改進。此外,大家應該力爭在此階段通過大量實踐練習,完全吸收老師的講解并能總結提煉出一套有自己特色的解題思路。真正做到站在巨人的肩膀上,一覽眾山小。(切忌一味機械而又教條地背誦什么解題技巧,這只會讓你的理論和實踐完全脫節。)
第四個階段是模考沖刺階段。這個階段基本上進入到了11月中下旬,離我們的2010年MBA聯考已經非常接近,大家在這個階段最好參加一系列的模考,模考的好處顯而易見,比如說可以幫助查漏補缺(因為科學規范的模擬題目和實戰環境會讓考生及時發現很多潛在問題),還可以幫助考生更好地掌控考場節奏,此外,模考還可以幫助大家調整心態、穩定狀態,使大家在進入考場之前達到理想的應試狀況,從而使得我們在考場上充滿信心,做到放手一搏。
二、俗話說,千里之行,始于足下,在當前這樣一個夯實基礎的階段,您能否再深入具體談談考生應該怎樣做?
鑒于目前大家正處于備考的第一個階段,也就基礎夯實階段,我想有針對性地再強調兩個方面的學習。
第一個方面就是詞匯的學習。我們MBA的考試,要求的詞匯數量從2006年的4500個已經上升到5800個,而四級是4500個,六級和研究生入學考試求的都是5500個。所以單純從詞匯的數量上來講,它是高于六級和普研的,是廣大MBA考生面臨的第一道難關。對于邊工作邊學習的廣大MBA考生而言,短期之內想記住5800個單詞可以說甚為艱巨,所以大家在復習當中應該做到有所側重。
我把這5800個單詞分為三種,第一種是基礎詞匯,第二種是核心詞匯,第三種是邊緣詞匯。
所謂的基礎詞匯就是大家在高中以前所接觸到、所學習到的詞匯。這部分詞匯,如果大家了解高中教學大綱的話,大概是2000左右,這一部分詞匯,因為大家接觸得比較頻繁,還是有一點兒的印象,所以經過短期的回顧應該可以馬上恢復。所以它不應該是我們基礎階段學習的重點。
第二部分核心詞匯,指的是什么呢?如果想了解核心詞匯的定義,最好先了解一下邊緣詞匯,它指的是那些比較專業、語境比較偏狹,使用頻率比較低的詞匯,比方說,鋅zinc,斑馬zebra,canvasser挨家挨戶兜售貨物的銷售員。在英語的整套試卷中,考生會發現它們的應試價值是很低的,所以我們把它們稱為邊緣詞匯。把基礎詞匯和邊緣詞匯(包括很偏狹的商務詞匯)部分排出,剩下的就是核心詞匯了,我通過多年的研究,發現真正有考試價值的核心詞匯也就是3000個左右。這部分單詞是構建我們閱讀、翻譯和寫作的基礎,是基礎班階段學習的重中之重。
大家如果有時間跟老師把這部分核心詞匯系統地過一遍,一方面可以加強記憶效果,做到更好的理解與把握,另一方面也可以習得很多的詞匯學習方法。但是同學們一定要注意,記憶單詞并非目的,而是要在考試中去理解和應用單詞。所以大家一定要有“學以致用”的意識,一邊背誦,一邊積極在語境中實踐,鞏固消化。我們可以通過做一系列的詞匯練習題來加以鞏固,也可以通過精讀一定的文章加以鞏固,比如新概念二冊,新概念三冊等等。在基礎階段,我要強調的第二個問題是語法問題。
大家都知道,在MBA的試卷當中語法題目已經徹底地退出了,語法考題已經成為歷史,那么是不是說語法就不重要了呢?答案是否定的!大家都知道在普通研究生入學考試中是沒有詞匯題目的,也是沒有語法題目的。但每一個參加研究生入學考試的考生在備考過程中,都會花上大量的時間和精力去背單詞和學語法。為什么?因為語法和詞匯一樣屬于最最基本的語言基礎。一個人英文差,從某種意義上講就是語法差,單詞可以自己背,但語法需要理解才能掌握,須跟著老師學。
簡單舉個例子,翻譯“去學校”,漢語當中“去”一個字,“學校”兩個字。“去學校”就出來了。但是英語這樣對應的翻譯go school就是錯誤的,從這一個小例子大家就可以感受出來英語和漢語是不一樣的,它是強調一種外在形式的語言,你必須在中間加個虛詞,加個to才是正確的。還有很多很多的句子,你會發現如果不了解語法的話,根本就讀不懂,甚至意思大相徑庭。
所以我常說語法是構建句子的靈魂,甚至是構建英語的靈魂。真正高難度的英語考試不是難在詞匯上,而是在語法上。簡言之,語法的系統學習會讓考生對英語有一個全新的認識,對提升考生的閱讀、翻譯、寫作等技能起到至為關鍵的作用。
三、對于基礎特別不好的學員,比如說中專畢業,沒上過高中,您認為通過一年的學習,最終可以通過聯考嗎?
這樣的考生還是比較常見的,可以說每年都有碰到。他們只要從詞匯班做起,一個個臺階跟過來,不會有任何問題。在我的班上,我總會照顧到這些同學,并經常和他們保持溝通交流,我認為他們的成功才能更證明老師或者說輔導班的成功。
四、在最初的詞匯復習階段,關于詞匯的記憶,您建議大家用哪些記憶的方式呢? 記憶單詞一定要注意方法,我們成年人不再是小孩子,我們的理性思維遠遠勝于感性思維,所以我們一定要采用一些理性的記憶方法,尤其是詞根詞綴的聯想記憶方法,阿基米德曾經說,給我一個杠桿我可以撬起地球,詞根和詞綴在單詞記憶方面就可以很好地起到杠桿的作用。
還有一種方法我覺得比較適合基礎差的學員,那就是不妨通過朗讀背誦一些淺易的文章,比如上新概念二冊,你可以想像一下90篇文章全背下來你可以掌握多少詞匯量。如果你的基本功好一點,也可以朗讀背誦新概念三冊的文章。即使背不下來,通過朗讀把單詞搞熟了,很多詞匯也可以成為我們詞匯量范圍之內的可用單詞。
五、為考生推薦英語方面的參考用書
就英語學習而言,我認為考生應該準備詞匯、句法、閱讀、真題四個方面的工具書。詞匯大家應該先聽一段時間課程,在掌握了一些方法、具備了一些思路或意識之后,再看詞匯書。句法涉及到寫作、翻譯和長難句理解也是很重要的一方面,卻經常被考生所忽略。詞匯:《MBA聯考英語核心詞匯精讀筆記》經濟管理出版社 句法:《考研英語長難句分類突破與句法速成》北航出版社 閱讀:《MBA聯考英語精讀80篇》北航出版社 或《MBA聯考英語閱讀100篇》機工社真題:《MBA聯考英語歷年真題名家詳解》 以暑假為分界線,上半年重點是詞匯+句法;后半年重點是閱讀+真題。
最后,我想說,09年對于大家而言是特殊的一年,是奮斗拼搏的一年,是做青春最后一搏以換取人生重大轉機的一年,我深信“有志者,事競成,破釜沉舟,百二秦關終屬楚;苦心人,天不負,臥薪嘗膽,三千越甲可吞吳”。真誠希望大家能夠經受得住成功道路上的考驗——享受奮斗帶給你的痛和樂
第五篇:MBA英語面試
MBA面試英語口語:經典口語詞匯it’s just my cup of tea(正合我的口味,指人,事等)Take it easy.easy dose it。(慢慢來,別著急)Do as i said(照我的意思做)Let’s roll up our sleeves。(大家一起干吧,有時候指大家一起拼搏)Put it in my hands。(交給我好了。有時候指幫助別人做一些瑣碎的小事)。..is now in season。(正是吃。..的好季節,比如一些剛剛換季的水果)Let’s grab a bite to eat(讓我們趕緊吃點東西吧,一般指時間很緊張)This food is out of the world(此食只應天上有,人間哪得幾回吃)What a bummer!(太掃興了,也指對一些事情期望過高但事實上并沒有達到預期的效果)First things first(先做要緊的事,很多場合都很適用)Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you。(不要杞人憂天)Did you get the picture(你明白了沒有?適用于給某人講解一些東西后問其是否理解)Be back in.。.minutes!(必須在。..分鐘內回來!命令的口吻。通常是指領隊人對隊員說的話)Time is running out。(沒時間了)Great minds think alike.(英雄所見略同)Get going!(趕快動身吧!用在開始行動時)We’ve got to hit the road。(我們要趕快了,hit the road表現出緊急,很形象)I can’t place his face。(碰見某人和你打招呼而你不記得他是誰的時候,可以用這個句子)Once bitten,twice shy(一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井繩)I’m exhausted。(筋疲力盡,形容非常疲憊)
MBA面試英語口語:常見問題匯總
1.Where do you live?
Well, I am living in Xiamen since I have job over there for quite some time.I really enjoy life in the seaside city like Xiamen.2.Is your family important to you?
Yes, they are very important to me.Although I live alone now, I do go back to see my parents at weekends.I need their support and comfort whenever I feel depressed and I also need them to share my pleasure or success with me.3.Who has influenced you most in your family?
My father has influenced me in many ways.For example, he taught me how to repair a bike and set up a tent, how to behave bravely and so on.He is both a caring father and tough guy.I have always admired him.I would like you to tell me about a teacher who has greatly influenced you.I would like you to talk about this topic for one or two minutes.Looking back, I think one of the teachers who really influenced me a lot was Mr.Wang.He was the physics teacher at the middle school.First, he took his teaching seriously.He was always well prepared to give his lessons and made sure we had got the important points.Moreover, he encouraged us to be confident and brave to do everything.4.What is your favorite part of the day?
Well, the evening time for my family to stay together is really my happiest time.We love each other and are always willing to share some interesting events around us and ready to give comfort and support to any family member when they are in trouble.5.How important are friends to you?
Friendship is very important to me.I can talk with my friends about my family, my worries, or my plans.They give me a lot of advice and support.I can share my happiness or sadness with them.Without friends, it is very difficult to survive in modern society, which is full of competition and struggle.6.What do you think of your boss/colleagues?
Well, I can’t say I feel close to every one of them, but I do find most of them enjoyable.I socialize with some people who are mostly of my age.We go out once a week to have dinner or go to cinema.I can learn a lot form them..What do you do in your spare time?
I have many things to do in my spare time.But my favorite one is reading the detective stories at home in the evening after I finish my homework.8.What is your favorite film?
My favourite film is Gone with the Wind.I was deeply influence by Scarlet’s love for Ashley and Rhett’s love for Scarlet, which was hopeless.I think she is brave, intelligent, independent, and courageous.What are the characteristics of a good boss?
Inspiring, experienced, well-dressed, polite, easy to talk to, hard working, honest, sensible
9.What benefits would you offer your employees?
Companies offer their employees many benefits, which usually depends on how long the employee has worked there and their position in the company.These benefits could include very expensive items such as accommodation, or chances of traveling, and holiday.口語復試材料(英文自我介紹)
一、第一句話(first word)見到考官的第一句話,很關鍵,不用說的很復雜。可以是一個簡單句,但一定要鏗鏘有力。展示出自信和實力。千萬不要來一句“sorry, my English is poor”.常見的開頭有:1.Good morning!may I introduce myself..2.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.I’m peter white, my NO is …(北大清華等學校參加面試的考生很多,可能對考生有一個編號,說一下自己的編號顯得很職業,也很正式。)
二、作自我介紹——成長經歷(making a self-introduction ——developing history)有很多學校要求做一個自我介紹,這一問題并非在請你大談你的個人歷史。考官是要在你的介紹中尋找有關你性格、資歷、志向和生活動力的線索。來判斷你是否適合讀MBA。你可以先介紹一下成長的經歷,出生地和畢業學校等內容。在這一部分要介紹的有些特色,讓老師在聽幾十個人流水帳式的介紹中增加一點樂趣,就權且當作MBA人際關系管理的第一個挑戰吧!I come from ******,the capital of *******Province.I graduated from the ******* department of *****University in July ,1997.(很簡單的一句話,一定要發音準確!要把畢業學校的英文準確名字搞清楚了。)你可以借光一下家鄉的名人,可以用這句高水平的話,展示高超你高超的口語。You know, there is a saying that “The
greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”.I think the city really deserves it.另外在介紹性格和愛好的時候,適合把家庭介紹結合在一起,可以說父母給了你哪些方面良好的影響。不要流水帳似的介紹家庭成員。可以這么說:Just like my father, I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.Frequently I exchange ideas with my family during super.In addition , during my college years, I was once the chairman of the Student Union.These work have urged me develop active and responsible characters.在這里給出描述個人品質常用詞匯的中英文對照,可以參考。able 有才干的,能干的 adaptable 適應性強的 active 主動的,活躍的aggressive 有進取心的 ambitious 有雄心壯志的 amiable 和藹可親的 amicable 友好的 analytical 善于分析的 apprehensive 有理解力的aspiring 有志氣的,有抱負的 audacious 有冒險精神的 capable 有能力的,有才能careful 辦理仔細的 candid 正直的 competent 能勝任的constructive 建設性的cooperative 有合作精神的 creative 富創造力的dedicated 有奉獻精神的 dependable 可靠的 diplomatic 老練的,有策disciplined 守紀律的 dutiful盡職的 well-educated 受過良好教育的efficient 有效率的 energetic 精力充沛的 expressivity 善于表達faithful 守信的,忠誠的 frank 直率的,真誠的 generous 寬宏大量的genteel 有教養的 gentle 有禮貌的humorous 有幽默 impartial 公正的 independent 有主見的 industrious 勤奮的ingenious 有獨創性的 motivated 目的明確的 intelligent 理解力強的learned 精通某門學問的 logical 條理分明的 methodical 有方法的modest 謙虛的 objective 客觀的 precise 一絲不茍的 punctual 嚴守時刻的 elastic 實事求是的 responsible 負責的sensible 明白事理的 sporting 光明正大的 steady 踏實的 systematic有系統的 purposeful 意志堅強的 sweet-tempered性情溫和的temperate 穩健的 tireless 孜孜不倦的
三、作自我介紹——職業發展(making a self-introduction ——career development)這是很關鍵的一部分,也是MBA考官會重點考察的一部分。要把工作經歷和MBA的學習以及職業發展方向作為一個整體來談,讓老師感到你選擇MBA是一個理性的選擇而不是一時沖動,選擇MBA是職業發展中的一個必然選擇,而不是因為找不到工作。你可以用這些句型:
1、In the past years, I’ve worked at IBM as a software engineer.In my work, I found communication and management is very important.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning.So I choose MBA!if I am given a chance to study MBA in this famous University, I will stare no effort to master a good command of communication and management skill.(在過去的幾年中,我作為一個軟件工程師在IBM工作。在工作中,我發現交流和管理非常的重要。我一直認為一個人很容易落后,如果不持續學習的話,所以我選擇了MBA!如果我有機會在這個著名的大學學習MBA,我會不遺余力的掌握溝通和管理的技能。)