第一篇：MBA聯考英語寫作例題及

便條就是一種簡單的書信，內容簡短，大多是臨時性的留言、要求等。是在有急事需告訴別人而又不能面談時，就可以寫便條，如請假條、留言條等等，一般不寫地址，與普通書信基本相同。具有用途廣泛、形式簡單、文字要求不嚴格的特點。便條都不用郵寄。例一：請假條。寫請假條時，如有醫生出具的證明，最好一起附上。Dear Mr.Pike，I very much regret I was unable to attend school this morning owing to a severe attack of illness.I am enclosing here with a certificate from the doctor who is attending me, as he fears it will be several days before I shall be able to resume my study.I trust my enforced absence will not give you any serious inconvenience.Sincerely yours Jack 親愛的派克先生：

非常抱歉，我因今晨突然生病不能前來上課。現附上醫生證明，醫生擔心我也許要幾天后才能上課。希望我這次身不由己的缺勤不致給您帶來很大的麻煩。

忠實于您的杰克

例二：留言條。可用于說明一件事、做一次活動安排以及詢問等等，應直截了當。寫留言條，日期部分寫在右上角，一般只寫星期幾，或星期幾上午、下午或具體鐘點。Dear peter: I have done all my things here.i sincerely thank you for the trouble you have taken for my sake.I am leaving for home by train at two this afternoon.this is to say good-bye to you.Please kindly remember me to your wife.Yours ever, Jack 親愛的彼特：

我在這里的事情已經全部辦好。這次麻煩你了，我萬分感激。我定于今天下午兩點乘火車返家，特來辭行，并請代向你的妻子問好。

摯友

杰克

The bar chart above demonstrates clearly that some changes havetaken place in terms of the situation of part-time jobs in a certain university.Although the participation percentage of part-time jobs from university thefirst year to the third year almost remain stable, we can see that percentageof university the fourth year has been on a sharp rise。

In the freshman year, based upon the data of the chart, the participationpercentage of part-time jobs is nearly 67.77%;the second year, 71.13%;thethird year, 71.93%.Surprisingly, the percentage rises dramatically to 88.24%in the senior year。

For my part, it’s of no difficulty for us tocome up with some possible factors to account for this trend.For example, dullnessand loneliness are common problems of seniors, therefore more seniors take partin part-time jobs.But the sources of this phenomenon go way deeper.It is theturbulent employment environment that shapes this trend.For hunting jobs andthen broadcasting their ambition, seniors try all means to gather workingexperience.I believe that finding reasons can be described as a bridge betweenproblems and solutions.(187words)(文都 徐可風)

網絡綜合a blessing or a curse?

As TV enters more and more families, people begin to wonder about its advantages and disadvantages.Some believe that it is a blessing, while others hold that it is a curse to society.Let's look at the good points of TV.Firstly, it can bring people new information in time from every corner in the world.People can enjoy their favourite programs at home.For example, Discovery is the program I like most, not only because it is interesting, but also because it provides some knowledge I cannot get from books.But on the other hand, TV may exert bad influence on people.A case in point is that some programs are full of violence and these programs unwittingly set terrible examples for audience.As a result, people, especially juveniles, are led to commit crimes.In my opinion, the attitude toward TV all depends on oneself.Mature persons are always capable to keep themselves away from its bad influence.But one thing is important： we should make full use of its advantages and avoid its disadvantages.● How to...題型

模板1

Along with the great economic development/the development of people's living standard in China and the high call for dealing with 主題 , more and more people are coming to realize the serious problem caused by 主題.But how to solve this problem?

As a matter of fact, there are many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but I think the following ones may be most effective.First of all is 方法1.Another way to solve the problem of 主題 is 方法2.Finally 方法3.These are not the best and the only several measures we can take.But there is no doubt that attention must be paid and it is clear that the task demands great efforts.The government/We should take considerable efforts to achieve the goal.(119 words)

范文:

How to solve unemployment problem?

Along with the great economic development in China and the high call for dealing with unemployment problem , more and more people are coming to realize the serious problem caused by unemployment.But, how to solve this problem?

As a matter of fact, there are many ways that can contribute to solving this serious problem, but I think the following ones may be most effective.First of all is to change people's traditional idea and encourage them to channel their own career.Another way to solve the problem of unemployment is to develop the tertiary industry.Finally we can find other ways to solve this problem.For example, increasing government investment.These are not the best and the only several measures we can take.But there is no doubt that attention must be paid and it is clear that the task demands great efforts.The government should take considerable efforts to achieve the goal.模板2

主題 is an annoying problem for people all over the world.I believe it can be dealt with on three levels: internationally, nationally, and last but not least, on a personal level.In my opinion, strict international regulations should be made.At the same time, 方法1.On the national level, government must see to it 方法2.Lastly, what can we do as individuals? First, 方法3.For instance, 例子.Second, 方法4.In a word, 主題 is a problem that can be solved if people take actions in cooperation.(81 words)

范文:

How to fight against pollution?

Pollution, with the development of modern industry, is becoming an annoying problem for people all over the world.I believe it can be dealt with on three levels： internationally, nationally, and last but not least, on a personal level.In my opinion, strict international regulations should be made.At the same time, every country should realize the seriousness of pollution and put all our heads together to fight against it.On the national level, government must see to it that severe measures should be carried out.These measures could help to reduce pollution and protect our environment.Lastly, what can we do as individuals? First, I think we should make changes to our life styles.For instance, we can try and use public transport or bicycles as much as possible.Second, we can protest against any bad actions.In a word, pollution is a problem that can be solved if people take actions in cooperation.模板3

主題 is the foundation of our future development.If 主題 become poor/sick/worse, it is impossible for us to attain our goal.On the other hand, if 主題 become strong/good, we can achieve our dreams.How can we have good 主題 ? First, we should 方法1.Second, we should 方法2 , such as 例子.Third, there is a proverb that says, “ 諺語.” If we pay attention to 主題 , we can avoid 缺點1 or at least 缺點2.In conclusion, nothing is more valuable than 主題.In good 主題 , we can get more development.In good 主題 , we can lead a happy life.(90 words)

范文:

How to improve our health?

It is known to us all that health is the foundation of our future success.If our health become poor, it is impossible for us to attain our goals.On the other hand, if our health becomes good, we can finally achieve our dreams.How can we have good health ? There are some advices for you as follows.First, we should keep on doing exercise every day.Second, we should form some good habits , such as early rising, taking exercise regularly.Third, there is a proverb that says, “Prevention is better than cure.” If we pay enough attention to our health , we can avoid getting sick or at least cure ourselves of a disease while it is still at an early stage.In conclusion, nothing is more valuable than health.In good health , we can get more development in our career.Only being in good health , we can lead a happy life.模板4

Today the problem of 主題 has become more and more serious.現象1,2,3.If the problem continues to become worse like this, we will suffer the serious bad effect.Concerned people have put forward some methods to deal with the problems.The government has established laws to protect 主題.Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems.People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems and use more reasonable methods to cope with the problems.Only in this way can we have a better and wonderful future.(88 words)

范文：

How to protect environment?

Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious.The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources and at the same time polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.If the problem continues to become worse like this, we will suffer the serious bad effect.What we will leave to our offspring might be a desperate future.Concerned people have put forward some methods to deal with the problems.The government has established laws to protect air, forests and sea resources and to stop environmental pollution.Although we have already achieved some success, we still have a long way to go.Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems.People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems and use more reasonable methods to cope with the problems.Only in this way can we have a better and wonderful future.模板5

When asked about one of the biggest problems today, many people say that 主題 is most threatening.They are afraid of the bad influence caused by 主題.To this problem, most people respond with the demand for 方法1.Indeed, this is urgently needed, for 原因.If we adopt this method, we can partially solve the problem.Moreover, we should take more effective ways to cope with the problem.So in the long run we must 方法2.Man is highly adaptable and creative.Since we can solve a lot of thorny problems, why can't we deal with this problem successfully?(97 words)

范文：

How to solve the energy problem?

When asked about one of the biggest problems today, many people say that energy crisis is most threatening.They are afraid of the bad influence caused by energy crisis.Although many people have realized this and some concerned experts have taken many measures, the crisis is still threatening.To this problem, most people respond with the demand for more rigid conservation of natural resources.Indeed, this is urgently needed, for the present habitual waste of energy is very serious.If we adopt this method, we can partially solve the problem.Moreover, we should take more effective way to cope with the problem.So in the long run we must develop new sources of energy instead of merely conserving the limited supplies.No mountain can never be conquered and no problem can never be solved.Man is highly adaptable and creative.Since we can solve a lot of thorny problems, why can't we deal with this problem successfully?

第二篇：MBA英語寫作

深圳華章傾情為您量身訂做

深圳模串寫作模板

————————顧越

小作文常用模板

信函

1． 邀請函

Dear_____,I am writing this letter to invite you to ______________________.I think it would be a great idea if you could participate in____________.Please accept my invitation and let me know at your convenience as soon as possible.I would be looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.Yours Sincerely

_________

2． 申請函

模板：

Dear_____,I am writing this letter to try to apply for ______________________.I think it would be a great honor for me if you can grant this opportunity for me.I know that I have given you enough trouble and please ignore my request if it is too difficult.)I will be really appreciated if you can give me this chance.I would be looking forward to your reply with great pleasure.Yours Sincerely

_________

3.投訴信

模板

Dear_____,I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_______.(I am writing this letter in purpose of making a complaint about______________.)The reason for my dissatisfaction is _________________.I will be really appreciated if you can do something to change this situation.I would be looking forward to your reply and thank you for your consideration.福田地址：福田區深南中路2002號中核大廈528室電話： ***6

南山地址：南山區科技園南區科苑南路武漢大學產學研大樓A204室1電話： ***6

Yours Sincerely

_________

4． 感謝信

模板：

Dear_____,I am writing this letter in purpose of expressing my heartfelt gratitude for ______________.It is really kind of you that _________________.Words are beyond me to express my thanks to your kindness.Thank you again.Yours Sincerely

_________

5． 道歉信

模板

Dear_____,I am writing this letter in purpose of expressing my apology that ______________.I feel terribly sorry about this.Once again, I am very sorry for any inconvenience caused.I will be really appreciated if you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.Yours Sincerely

_________

6． 祝賀信

Dear_____,I am writing this letter in purpose of expressing my congratulations that ______________.You may not imagine how excited I was when I got the news.I am just as proud as you are and send my hearty congratulations.Please accept my warmest congratulations.I wish you a great success and fulfillment in the year ahead.Yours Sincerely

_________

7． 建議信

Dear_____,I am writing this letter in purpose of providing some conductive suggestions.In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions._______________________

I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with your to further details.Yours Sincerely

_________

大作文常用模板

議論文

(一)問題解決型：

模板一

Along with the rapid development of Chinese economy and improvement of Chinese people’s living standard, more and more people are coming to realize the serious problem of _____主題_____.So it is of greatThere are several factors which might cause this problem.原因一，二，三.(First of all, besides, at last)

As a matter of fact, there are many ways that can contribute to solving this serious problem, but I think the These are not the best and the only several measures we can take.But there is no doubt that attention must be paid and it is clear that task demands great efforts.Every one should make a special effort to avoid the bad effect.The government ought to spare no efforts to set up some policies and laws to achieve the goal.As long as we combine our efforts together, there is greater possibilities that we can manage to solve the problems.(185words)

模板二

The market economy has brought China both benefits and headaches, one of which is the problem of _____主題__________.There is no denying that serious social problems will arise unless this problem is properly solved.As a result, it is essential for us to explore ways to cope with it.The cause which might lead to this problem could be illustrated as follows.First of all, 原因一.What’s

Serious as the problem seems, we can find some solutions to it.To begin with, 方法一.In addition, 方法

二.It is important that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.Following these methods may not guarantee the success, but the payoff will be worth the effort.(143words)

（二）積極有利型：

As the society becomes more and more advanced and complicatedimportant role in the life of individual members of the society and in the development of the society itself.It is universally acknowledged that(主題)arouse more public attentions.There can be no doubt that the significance of(主題)can be clearly seen in the following aspects: 有利處一，二，三(initially, what’s more, the last but not the least)

From what has been clearly discussed above, I can definitely come to the conclusion that(主題)is something that we cannot develop without, especially in hi-tech and information age, because it can not only improve our life but also change our life.It can be said without exaggeration that bring China historic and realistic significance.It is , therefore, high time that we took action to get full use of(173words)

（三）利弊分析型：

模板一

Nowadays，It is universally acknowledged that()plays a more and more important role in not only the improvement of the living standard of people but also in the development of the society.However，when it comes to(), the opinions concerning it vary from individual to individual.Some people are in favor of(題)，while others are against such choice.Those who are in favor of()believe that it has following advantages: 優點一，二，三，（To begin with, in addition, lastly）

Like everything else, we are all aware that has both favorable and unfavorable aspects.But I believe that the positive aspects carry more weight than the negative ones.There must be some measures taken to hold back the disadvantages.Therefore ,if we make all our efforts to avoid the disadvantages and make full use of the advantage, surely, we will benefit from（主題）(199 words)

模板二

When it comes to _____主題______, different people have different attitudes towards it.Some people believe that _____主題_______ will bring us a lot of opportunities, while others argue that it will imply many challenges to us as well.There is probably some truth in both statements.To some people, the opportunities can be seen from the following aspects.First of all, _____優點一__________.What’s more, _______優點二_______ And most important of all,_優點三______________.However, just as everything has two sides, it undoubtedly brings about some challenges along with opportunities.To begin with, _______缺點一____________In addition, ______缺點二____________.Based on what has been discussed above, I may reasonably conclude that __主題_____ is like a double-edged sword, which presents us challenges as well as opportunities.Therefore, we should try our efforts to make full use of the opportunities of ______主題_____, and at the same time strive to make ourselves well prepared in every aspect to meet the challenges.(153 words)

(四)A or B型

第一段：

Nowadays，there is a widespread concern over 主題一and 主題二.When asked about which is more important , different people often offer different answers，it is inevitable to make choices between them.An overwhelming majority of people would like to give first priority to 主題一，while other people hold different ideas.第二段：

As a matter of fact, 主題一優點，主題一缺點

On the other hand, 主題二優點，缺點。

第三段：

From what illustrated above, It is not difficult to find out that(你認為重要的主題)carry more weight than（另一主題），because 繼續說優點.Which one is more beneficial, A or B? The answer will not be exactly the same.It depends on people’s own preference.Everyone should make a suitable choice according to his own idea.圖表作文模板：

As can be clearly seen from this graph, great changes have taken place in the number of _____________.__________has been increased/decreased from________in _______to ______in ________.From the changes in the graph, it goes without saying that_____________.When it comes to the reasons for the changes, different people give different explanations.Here I shall just give a few.圖畫作文模板：

As can be clearly seen from this cartoon, a thought-provoking phenomenon is depicted in a vivid manner.What we see in this picture is that______________________.In fact, it goes with saying that we should attach more importance to it.

第三篇：MBA聯考英語作文

投訴信

日期 Dear sir,(第一段)I am sorry to inform you that I am unhappy about__________________，so I regret to have to complain _____________（提出投訴，表示遺憾）(第二段)There are ________________(問題1)，______________(造成的影響)；___________________(問題2)，_________________(造成的影響)；（該段主要用于陳述不滿的原因）。（第三段）

I would appreciate it very much if your company could look into the matter and arrange for a replacement of the faulty goods promptly.So I propose that you___________________________________________, I am looking forward to your earliest reply.（該段主要提出補救的建議）

Sincerely yours XXX

常見詞和關鍵詞：late delivery，cause，fulfill order，on checking the goods receive(當驗貨時)，I found that, since the late delivery has caused dissatisfaction among our customers, I considering, discount, I suggest that, I propose that, recently, refuse, as you known, after-sales service, breakdown, immediate, shipment, delay，道歉信

日期 Dear sir，（第一段）

Thank you for your letter of ______（時間）.I am very sorry to hear about your problems with my faulty.I had no idea that you were in any way dissatisfied.(感謝對方告知實情，并表示道歉)（第二段）

If you had let me know earlier, I could have investigated this immediately.Please allow

me

to

explain

what happened.__________________________________(解釋原因)； ————————————（提出解決方案）；if you experience any difficulties, please call me or fax me at once and I will take immediate action.（該段用于解釋原因并提出解決方案）（第三段）

Please let me apologize to express how sorry I am.I will make efforts to prevent a recurrence.(我們將盡力防止此事再次發生)

Sincerely yours XXX

常見詞和關鍵詞：excellent,apologize

感謝信

日期 Dear Sir,（第一段）

I am writing this letter to express my gratitude for your warm reception while I ______________________。（告之感謝對方什么）（第二段）

Your sincerity was most impressive.Without your help, things would not have gone so smoothly.___________;_____________;______________(l列舉對方如何幫助我們)。It is hard to imagine what my life have been like without your care and help.（恭維對方，描述如何幫助我們）（第三段）

I am anticipating further cooperation.In return for your hospitality, I would like to invite you to ____________（邀請來做什么），I am looking forward to seeing you again at that time.（對未來關系展望）

Sincerely yours XXX

常見詞和關鍵詞：hospitality，warm reception,heartfelt thanks,colleagues

邀請函

日期 Dear XXX，（第一段）

I am delighted to invite you and your delegation of 10 people to pay a working visit to china for a week in September or October 2011.the propose of visit is_____________________(邀請來做什么事情)；（第二段）

I highly appreciate our undergoing the discussion on_____________(在什么地方的討論)，and expect a have fruitful meeting with you in China.By the way, your group’s board,lodging and all other expenses will be coverd by us.Should you have some questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.Very truly yours XXX

圖表作文

（第一段）

The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________（圖表主題）。The first thing we notice is that_____________（圖表最大特點）/the changes in the number of _____over the period from______to_____.This means that as ___________________（進一步描述）。(該段描述圖表的性質，簡單闡述其特點)

（第二段）

As can see from the above chart, _____________（圖表細節一）。After ving_________（細節一的變化），the ____________（緊跟著的變化）。The figures also tells us that___________________圖表細節二）。In the secondary，we can see that ______________accounts for _________（進一步描述）。

A number of factors may have contributed to this situation.Above all,________________（原因1）,second,_________________(原因2),A major reason is that_________________________（原因3）。（該段對圖表的數據進行說明，并闡述原因）

（第三段）

Judging from this chart，we can draw the conclusion that___________（結論）。It is high time that we ______________（發出倡議）。/there is every reason to believe that the trend will continue in the foreseeable future.總結 關鍵詞匯：

increase,decrease,fell,decline,sharply,dramatically,significantly,rapidly,steadily,slightly,remained unchanged, rise gradually, peaked at, low level, reached the peak, three-fold increase, A increase gradually while B decrease, A and B are closely related, table，對比觀點型

（第一段）

In recent years, there has been a heated debate over the relative importance of _________versus_______.Whereas some people hold that __________is more important than _________, others argue that the reverse is true.(對全文進行概述)（第二段）

Those who take the first view assume that ___________(對觀點進行介紹),in contrast, the second opinion is based on the assumption that_________________(對觀點進行介紹).（第三段）

As for me, I advocate the first view point.The reasons are as follows: Firstly, _____________________________________________________ Secondly, ___________________________________________________ Finally, _________________________(闡述自己選擇的觀點的理由)In my opinion, it does not make sense to generalize about which is more important, ___________ or ____________.Their relative importance depends on specific contexts.So the debate is essentially a chicken-and egg problem.關鍵詞：nowadays, for example，問題解決型

（第一段）

In recent years, there has been a lot of debate over____________（問題）/ scandal was disclosed, people and government and international communities were shocked.It is reported that________________(寫一個報道內容)，this situation calls for close attention from the general public.(該段對問題進行描述)（第二段）

A number of factors have contributed to the emergence of this problem.Firstly, _________________________________________________ Secondly, ________________________________________________ Thirdly, ________________________________________________ Another factors worth mentioning is that_____________________(該段要寫問題產生的原因或者影響)（第三段）

To solve the problem, several measures can be taken.Premerily, ____________________________________________ Secondly,_________________________________________ The most significant measure is___________________________(該段要寫解決問題的方法)關鍵詞匯：positive effect , negative effect, to reduce the negative effect, A large number of ,the situation is associated with several factors, incident，accident, is likely to harm the reputation of , address, issue, It is necessary to, domestic-brand, distributor, fundamental，對立觀點型

（第一段）

Across the world throughout history, it often happens that different people perceive the same objective thing differently.For example, two typical points of view have been expressed concerning_____________________(引出文章討論的對象)(第二段)Some people think that ________________, they cite the following as major reasons: firstly, ______________,secondly,__________________.（介紹第一種觀點，并解釋原因）(第三段)Others argue that _________________.they base this argument mainly on The following grounds: first, _______________.second,_____________.（介紹第二種觀點，并解釋原因）

For my point, I advocate the first viewpoint.My reasons are as follow: First,_______________.second,______________.third,____________.(發表自己的觀點并說明原因)或者都不同意，自己提出新觀點：

I do not agree with other of the view.In my opinion,_______________, The reason why_______________________________________ 關鍵詞匯：disagreement, whereas, different people have different view, thereby，獨立觀點型

(第一段)In recent years, more and more people tend to______________________ /there has been a growing trend among___________________________ /with the development of economic globalization, more and more people___________________。This phenomenon is receiving more and more attention from the general public.(該段要求對事實進行描述)（第二段）

I think we should take a positive/negative attitude towards it.The reasons are as follows.First, _________________, second,_________________.Finally,_______________.(該段表明自己的觀點，并說明原因)（第三段）

From the above analysis, we can see that _____________________.there is every reasons that this trend will continue and even grow stronger in the future, because_____________________./I firmly believe that_____________________(該段總結展望)關鍵詞匯：

opportunity, personally, oppose, convinction, rethink, strategy, owing to, appeal, on the practical side, as well as, benefit from this sort of, not only…but also, obviously,

第四篇：2012年MBA聯考寫作考試大綱

中國MBA·MPA·MPAcc考前輔導第一品牌真正名師 真正第一 輝煌十年

華杰門戶網：中國MBA論壇：華杰網校：2012年MBA聯考寫作考試大綱

一、考試性質

工商管理碩士生入學考試是全國統一的選拔性考試，在教育部授權的工商管理碩士生培養院校范圍內進行聯考。聯考科目包括綜合能力和英語。本考試大綱的制定力求反映工商管理碩士生專業學位的特點，科學、公平、準確且規范地測評考生的相關知識基礎、基本素質和綜合能力。綜合能力考試的目的是測試考生的數學基礎知識及運用能力、邏輯思維能力和漢語理解及書面表達能力。

二、評價目標

要求考生具有較強的文字材料理解能力和書面表達能力。

三、考核內容

寫作題

寫作題部分綜合考查考生的分析、論證能力和文字表達能力。寫作題分兩種類型。

1.論證有效性分析

論證有效性分析題的題干為一段有缺陷的論證，要求考生對此做出分析與評論。分析與評論的內容由考生根據試題自己決定。

2.論說文

論說文的考試形式有三種：命題作文、基于文字材料的自由命題作文、案例分析。每次考試選擇其中一種形式。要求考生在準確、全面地理解題意的基礎上，寫出思想健康、觀點明確、材料充實、結構嚴謹、條理清楚、語言規范、卷面整潔的文章，鼓勵考生結合實際，發揮創造性。

四、考試形式和試卷結構

（一）考試時間

考試時間為180分鐘。

（二）答題方式

答題方式為閉卷、筆試，不允許使用計算器。

試卷分試題、答題卡和答題紙三部分，選擇題的答案必須涂寫在答題卡上，非選擇題的答案必須填寫在答題紙相應的位置上。

（三）試卷滿分及考查內容分數分配

本試卷滿分為200分。其中數學（問題求解和條件充分性判斷）75分，邏輯推理60分，寫作65分。

（四）試卷題型比例

寫作題2小題，論證有效性分析30分，論說文35分，共65分。深圳：咨詢0755-83661619北京：咨詢010-68400166bj.huajiemba.com

廣州：咨詢020-38662283gz.huajiemba.com上海：咨詢021-58208670sh.huajiemba.com 更多

第五篇：MBA聯考論證有效性分析寫作萬能

2014管理類聯考論證有效性分析寫作指導

示例（大綱要求：要求學生對一段有缺陷的論證做出分析，分析內容由考生根據試題自定

分析下面的論證在概念、論證方法、論據及結論等方面的有效性。題目自擬。600字左右。

（提示： 論證有效性分析評論型作文思考的一般要點是： 概念特別是核心概念的界定和使用是否準確并前后一致，有無各種明顯的邏輯錯誤，該論證的論據是否支持結論，論據成立的條件是否充分等。作文要注意內容深度、邏輯結構和語言表達。）

在全球9家航空公司的140份訂單，得到確認后世界最大的民用飛機制造商之一空中客車公司2005年10月6日宣布將在全球正式啟動其全新的A350遠程客機項目。中國、俄羅斯等國作為合作伙伴也被邀請參與A350飛機的研發與生產過程。其中，中國將承擔A350飛機5%的設計和制造工作。這意味著未來空中客車公司每銷售100架A350飛機，就將有5架由中國制造。這表明中國經過多年艱苦的努力，民用飛機研發與制造能力得到了系統地提升，獲得了國際同行的認可；這也標志著中國已經可以在航空器設計與制造領域參與全球競爭并占有一席之地。由此看出在經濟全球化的時代,參與國際合作將帶來雙贏的結果。也是提高我國技術水平和產業國際競爭力的必由之路。參考例文

參與國際合作將帶來雙贏的結果嗎？

中國被空中客車邀請參與A350飛機的研發與生產過程，表明中國民用飛機研發與制造能力得到了系統地提升，獲得了國際認可；由此看出參與國際合作將帶來雙贏的結果。該論證的論據不足以支持其論點，論證缺乏科學性，由此得出的結論是有失偏頗的。

首先，該論證存在混淆概念的缺陷，文中“制造工作”和“中國制造”，這是兩個不同的概念，“制造工作”可能只是飛機制造工作中的部分工作，而“中國制造”可能意味著幾乎大部分工作全部是在中國完成的。由此而得出的結論是沒有科學依據的，是不可信的。

其次，該論證存在論據不充分的缺陷，文中“中國被空中客車邀請參與A350飛機的研發與生產過程。表明中國民用飛機研發與制造能力得到了系統地提升，獲得了國際認可”。中國被邀請參與A350飛機的研發與生產過程，并不能真正表明中國民用飛機研發與制造能力得到了系統地提升，缺乏足夠的論據支持，所以得出的結論是令人難以信服的。

另外，該論證存在以偏概全的缺陷，文中“中國被空中客車邀請參與A350飛機的研發與生產過程，由此看出在經濟全球化的時代,參與國際合作將帶來雙贏的結果。也是提高我國技術水平和產業國際競爭力的必由之路”。僅以一個邀請，就推斷出參與國際合作將帶來雙贏的結果，也是提高我國技術水平和產業國際競爭力的必由之路的結論是牽強的，是不可信的。

綜上所述，以上論證是沒有說服力的，得出的結論是站不住腳的，還有待于進一步科學論證。

萬能模板 __________(簡單總結文中的邏輯推理關系)，上述計劃（報告、文章、評論、建議等）的論據不足以支持其論點，論證缺乏科學性，由此而得出的結論（論證、報告、建議）是不可信的，是值得商榷的/需要進一步論證的。

首先，在概念使用方面，犯了“混淆概念”的錯誤（舉例說明），/混淆使用了“概念1”和“概念2”，（舉例說明）/前后概念使用不一致（偷換概念），前面使用的是“概念1”，后面使用的缺是“概念2”。這種概念混淆的問題，大大削減了上文推理的嚴謹性和有效性。

其次，該論證犯了“不當類比”的錯誤。文中未能將（故事/寓言）和（企業經營之道/啟發）進行有效的類比。（故事/寓言）是 因為 原因1，企業/啟發 是因為 原因2 二者的規律也許有某種共性，但也必然有本質的區別和界限，上述論證把故事/寓言，一般化為 企業/啟發 應對不確定性的普遍性原則。似乎有些輕率地概括，因此，不具有客觀的類比性。

另外，該論證犯了“以偏概全”的錯誤。上文中對 調查/個案例子 的敘述也很含糊。文中并沒有提供 調查/個案 存在的可靠依據。就算 調查/個案 是真實的，讀者并不知道該項調查/個案 是否具有典型性。那也無從談起其具有“推而廣之”的代表性。

最后，該論證犯了“論據不充分”的錯誤。文中論據A不是結論B的唯一條件。導致結論B的原因還可能有原因1，原因2等。上文中A 結論是基于 論據1或2，但是 論據1或2 是否是導致A結論 的唯一原因呢？顯然可以導致A結論還可能存在影響因素1、影響因素2 等諸多的影響因素。那么，A 結論 是否能得到人們的認可,能否實現預期的效果，還有待考證。

綜上所述，如果上述論證/分析/報告/文章/評論/建議能進一步提供相應的 數據/論據 和相關信息，排除原文的概念界定不清、論據不充分、邏輯推理不嚴密等論證缺陷就很有說服力了，但該文中并沒有說明其他信息，所以該論證是不全面的/有缺陷的。(由于該論證存在上述種種問題。所以，該論證是難以令人信服的。)關于文章題目：

1、一份難以實現（不可信）的商業計劃（調查報告、改革方案）

2、___________（文中的結論）難以實現（難以奏效、不可信）

3、___________（文中的結論）一定實現嗎？/一定嗎？

4、藝術題目：一座美麗的空中樓閣 寫作步驟：

1、審題。至少閱讀三遍，找錯誤，找出三到四個典型錯誤，寫在草稿紙上。

2、列提綱。在草稿紙上按模板列出文章結構，打完整腹稿，檢查語言表達，心里整理不清楚的句子寫出來在草稿紙上修改。

3、謄寫到答題卷上。不會寫的字詞用同義詞或近義詞代替。分析時多用”可能，或許，也許、未必、并不能、不一定、并不意味著、并不能說明“等模糊詞。

4、檢查。字數，標點符號，保持字跡工整、卷面整潔。

論證有效性分析，其實非常簡單，就是找4個左右邏輯錯誤，套用萬能寫作模板，寫八股文而言，但一定要按這樣的模板套用，才能達到采分點！！大家把我們第一次給的材料多分析幾個，試著找找邏輯錯誤，寫3—5篇作文試試，用筆寫字的能力和習慣也要鍛煉，現在很少有人用筆寫字了。適應考試！

分析思路（從哪幾個方面找錯誤，挑邏輯錯誤）

1、文中出現舉例的，首先考慮可能會有“以偏概全”的可能，列舉的事例可能不具有代表性； 以一個或兩個非隨機抽取的、不具有代表性的例子推斷總結出一個一般性的結論。比如：最近，對《華爾街周刊》的讀者進行的調查中，80%的被調查都對資本收益稅的增加表示強烈的不滿。這項調查顯示了全體選民將反對資本收益稅的增加。

2、文中出現數字百分比的列舉，要分析考慮分子和分母的變化，以及樣本基數的變化中的錯誤推理；數字繆論，數字有變化比率但沒有基數，僅從數字角度來說說明問題，忽略了事物的性質和事物的內部特征。

3、出現了一段時間后價格的變動，要考慮是否存在通貨膨脹的可能性；幾十年以后，依然不考慮價格變化。

4、出現寓言故事，可能存在“不當類比”的錯誤；文中出現兩個地區，或者兩個企業等兩個現象，要考慮兩個現象的成因、規模、所處的產品階段等是否具有一致性和可對比性，不在同一個坐標進行對比。類比相似的兩個人、物或事情，只是根據兩個事物表面相似和事物的一些偶然屬性，牽強附會地進行類比。其邏輯是：由于他們在某些方面（甚至是多方面）很相似，所以在別的方面也應該相似或相同。犯了機械類比的錯誤。簡單拿機器和人，動物和人，動物和企業類比都不當。

5、要仔細分析文章是否存在前后的概念理解混淆現象，可能有“混淆概念”的錯誤；同一個概念，前面所指與后面所指不一致，比如前面說“新手”后面用“新作者”、“新小說作者”界定不明，混淆使用。

6、文章結論是否存在“自相矛盾”的推理；前面的要論證的是A，結論得出A的對立面。

7、影響文中的事件的是否還有其他影響因素，一因多果，一果多因。出現“一定、肯定、因此、所以”，考慮是否存在“想當然的絕對推理/論據不充分”的錯誤。

8、最后，即使文中作者的推理是正確的，最終的解決方法是否是唯一的解決方案，是否會產生負面和消極影響。提示

只需對材料的論證進行分析，找出其中的邏輯錯誤，不需要提供解決方案，不需要發表自己的觀點。

練習

1、下文摘自某雜貨店的一份商業報告：

“自從我們在雜貨店增加了藥品部后，本總銷售額增加了兩成。顯然，顧客圖的是一條龍購物的便利。因此在接下來的兩三年內增加利潤最穩妥的辦法是，陸續增添服裝部、汽車配件和維修部。以后還要繼續增添新部門和服務品種，如食府、園藝部等。作為本地區惟一一家擁有全套服務的商店，我們會比本地其他商店擁有更強的競爭優勢。”

2、下文摘錄于某投資公司的一份商業計劃:

“研究顯示,一般人隨著年齡的增長,用于運動的時間將逐漸減少,而用于看電視的時間將逐漸增多.在今后20年,城市人口中老年人的比例將有明顯增長.因此本公司應當及時售出’達達運動鞋’公司的股份,并增加’全球電視’公司中的投資.”

3、下文摘編于某雜志的一篇文章：有人認為“對進口芯片也實行增值稅退稅政策”并不足慮，因為經濟全球化時代，你中有我，我中有你，中國何必揮擲重金，重復搞設計呢？中國目前芯片制造企業80％以上是從外面接單來生產，龍身不也擺得挺好嗎？

他們所舉的案例是：在芯片業史上最悲壯的2001年，全球芯片銷量銳減30％，中國也有8％的增長；另外，專業代工出身的TW同樣造就了一代“雙雄”———TW積體電路制造公司（臺積電）與聯華電子———成為全球芯片代工的霸主。

4、獅子與野驢一起外出打獵，獅子力氣大，野驢跑得快。他們抓獲了許多野獸。獅子把獵物分開，堆成三份，說道：“這第一份，該我拿，因為我是王。第二份也該是我的，把它算作我和你一起合作的報酬。至于第三份呢？如果你不準備逃走，也許會對你有大害。” 獅子不僅把所有的獵物占為己有，并且差點把野驢也吃掉了。公司經營也是一樣。如果想要吞并比自己實力弱的公司而聯合比自己實力雄厚的公司，最后的結果就只能是和這只野驢一樣，不僅自己一無所獲，而且會面臨自己被消滅的危險。所以，企業最好的競爭戰略不是和比自己強大的企業合作，而是應該和比自己弱的企業合作來一起對抗更強大的企業。

5、下文出于一本為熱衷于創作的人撰寫的指導。

新作者通常無法使著名的大型出版社相信他們的作品將暢銷，因此他們必須首先找一家沒有什么名氣的小出版社出版他們的作品以便贏得一些銷售記錄。但《神話作家》雜志的編輯們為熱衷創作的人帶來了一則好消息：過去兩年中，神話小說出版的數量大幅增長。此外，去年出版的神話小說中，幾乎一半的作品出自于首次寫小說的人之手。由于神話小說的市場正在擴大，所有的出版社都會想要增加它們出版神話小說的數量。因此，新手們應該創作神話小說，以增加他們在著名的大型出版社出版第一部小說的機會。