第一篇：MBA聯(lián)考英語應(yīng)用技巧分享

在參加MBA考試的時候，最關(guān)鍵的一個問題也是最重要的一個問題。就是要把握MBA英語應(yīng)試技巧MBA英語考試重點(diǎn)：

1.聽力方面怎么復(fù)習(xí)?

我們MBA較高。

在參加MBAMBA英語應(yīng)試技巧MBA

1.?

考試的聽力和普研的聽力是一樣的，聽力分為三個部分，其中第二部分的難度確實(shí)比較大，普研的同學(xué)很難拿到分。我建議現(xiàn)在考生在復(fù)習(xí)聽力的時候，第二部分暫時不要多考慮，重點(diǎn)放在第一部分和第三部分。

3.閱讀答題的時候，時間怎么來分配?

根據(jù)分值來確定，考試總的時間是180分鐘，一百分的題。閱讀其中的比重是40分，40分的閱讀在180分鐘時間里面根據(jù)分值來確定，我給考生 劃定一個閱 讀的最低時間是75分鐘，還可以延長180MBA考試是五篇閱讀文章，15分鐘到18給

4.考，5.的 分開來，只不過是普通的英文單詞，在工商管理上下文里面就具有了特定的含義。

6.有沒有必要預(yù)留檢查的時間?

簡答題可以檢查一下，選擇題檢查答案又得把文

章過一遍。簡答題是五道題十分，值得我們?nèi)z查答案，看看答案有沒有出錯的地方，有沒有拼錯的地方，這些東西可以檢查一下。選擇題的閱讀不要檢查，沒有用。

今年MBA大一些。大家應(yīng)該充滿信心去考，不要想考下來取得更好的成績。

第二篇：MBA聯(lián)考英語作文

投訴信

日期 Dear sir,(第一段)I am sorry to inform you that I am unhappy about__________________，so I regret to have to complain _____________（提出投訴，表示遺憾）(第二段)There are ________________(問題1)，______________(造成的影響)；___________________(問題2)，_________________(造成的影響)；（該段主要用于陳述不滿的原因）。（第三段）

I would appreciate it very much if your company could look into the matter and arrange for a replacement of the faulty goods promptly.So I propose that you___________________________________________, I am looking forward to your earliest reply.（該段主要提出補(bǔ)救的建議）

Sincerely yours XXX

常見詞和關(guān)鍵詞：late delivery，cause，fulfill order，on checking the goods receive(當(dāng)驗貨時)，I found that, since the late delivery has caused dissatisfaction among our customers, I considering, discount, I suggest that, I propose that, recently, refuse, as you known, after-sales service, breakdown, immediate, shipment, delay，道歉信

日期 Dear sir，（第一段）

Thank you for your letter of ______（時間）.I am very sorry to hear about your problems with my faulty.I had no idea that you were in any way dissatisfied.(感謝對方告知實(shí)情，并表示道歉)（第二段）

If you had let me know earlier, I could have investigated this immediately.Please allow

me

to

explain

what happened.__________________________________(解釋原因)； ————————————（提出解決方案）；if you experience any difficulties, please call me or fax me at once and I will take immediate action.（該段用于解釋原因并提出解決方案）（第三段）

Please let me apologize to express how sorry I am.I will make efforts to prevent a recurrence.(我們將盡力防止此事再次發(fā)生)

Sincerely yours XXX

常見詞和關(guān)鍵詞：excellent,apologize

感謝信

日期 Dear Sir,（第一段）

I am writing this letter to express my gratitude for your warm reception while I ______________________。（告之感謝對方什么）（第二段）

Your sincerity was most impressive.Without your help, things would not have gone so smoothly.___________;_____________;______________(l列舉對方如何幫助我們)。It is hard to imagine what my life have been like without your care and help.（恭維對方，描述如何幫助我們）（第三段）

I am anticipating further cooperation.In return for your hospitality, I would like to invite you to ____________（邀請來做什么），I am looking forward to seeing you again at that time.（對未來關(guān)系展望）

Sincerely yours XXX

常見詞和關(guān)鍵詞：hospitality，warm reception,heartfelt thanks,colleagues

邀請函

日期 Dear XXX，（第一段）

I am delighted to invite you and your delegation of 10 people to pay a working visit to china for a week in September or October 2011.the propose of visit is_____________________(邀請來做什么事情)；（第二段）

I highly appreciate our undergoing the discussion on_____________(在什么地方的討論)，and expect a have fruitful meeting with you in China.By the way, your group’s board,lodging and all other expenses will be coverd by us.Should you have some questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.Very truly yours XXX

圖表作文

（第一段）

The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________（圖表主題）。The first thing we notice is that_____________（圖表最大特點(diǎn)）/the changes in the number of _____over the period from______to_____.This means that as ___________________（進(jìn)一步描述）。(該段描述圖表的性質(zhì)，簡單闡述其特點(diǎn))

（第二段）

As can see from the above chart, _____________（圖表細(xì)節(jié)一）。After ving_________（細(xì)節(jié)一的變化），the ____________（緊跟著的變化）。The figures also tells us that___________________圖表細(xì)節(jié)二）。In the secondary，we can see that ______________accounts for _________（進(jìn)一步描述）。

A number of factors may have contributed to this situation.Above all,________________（原因1）,second,_________________(原因2),A major reason is that_________________________（原因3）。（該段對圖表的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行說明，并闡述原因）

（第三段）

Judging from this chart，we can draw the conclusion that___________（結(jié)論）。It is high time that we ______________（發(fā)出倡議）。/there is every reason to believe that the trend will continue in the foreseeable future.總結(jié) 關(guān)鍵詞匯：

increase,decrease,fell,decline,sharply,dramatically,significantly,rapidly,steadily,slightly,remained unchanged, rise gradually, peaked at, low level, reached the peak, three-fold increase, A increase gradually while B decrease, A and B are closely related, table，對比觀點(diǎn)型

（第一段）

In recent years, there has been a heated debate over the relative importance of _________versus_______.Whereas some people hold that __________is more important than _________, others argue that the reverse is true.(對全文進(jìn)行概述)（第二段）

Those who take the first view assume that ___________(對觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行介紹),in contrast, the second opinion is based on the assumption that_________________(對觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行介紹).（第三段）

As for me, I advocate the first view point.The reasons are as follows: Firstly, _____________________________________________________ Secondly, ___________________________________________________ Finally, _________________________(闡述自己選擇的觀點(diǎn)的理由)In my opinion, it does not make sense to generalize about which is more important, ___________ or ____________.Their relative importance depends on specific contexts.So the debate is essentially a chicken-and egg problem.關(guān)鍵詞：nowadays, for example，問題解決型

（第一段）

In recent years, there has been a lot of debate over____________（問題）/ scandal was disclosed, people and government and international communities were shocked.It is reported that________________(寫一個報道內(nèi)容)，this situation calls for close attention from the general public.(該段對問題進(jìn)行描述)（第二段）

A number of factors have contributed to the emergence of this problem.Firstly, _________________________________________________ Secondly, ________________________________________________ Thirdly, ________________________________________________ Another factors worth mentioning is that_____________________(該段要寫問題產(chǎn)生的原因或者影響)（第三段）

To solve the problem, several measures can be taken.Premerily, ____________________________________________ Secondly,_________________________________________ The most significant measure is___________________________(該段要寫解決問題的方法)關(guān)鍵詞匯：positive effect , negative effect, to reduce the negative effect, A large number of ,the situation is associated with several factors, incident，accident, is likely to harm the reputation of , address, issue, It is necessary to, domestic-brand, distributor, fundamental，對立觀點(diǎn)型

（第一段）

Across the world throughout history, it often happens that different people perceive the same objective thing differently.For example, two typical points of view have been expressed concerning_____________________(引出文章討論的對象)(第二段)Some people think that ________________, they cite the following as major reasons: firstly, ______________,secondly,__________________.（介紹第一種觀點(diǎn)，并解釋原因）(第三段)Others argue that _________________.they base this argument mainly on The following grounds: first, _______________.second,_____________.（介紹第二種觀點(diǎn)，并解釋原因）

For my point, I advocate the first viewpoint.My reasons are as follow: First,_______________.second,______________.third,____________.(發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)并說明原因)或者都不同意，自己提出新觀點(diǎn)：

I do not agree with other of the view.In my opinion,_______________, The reason why_______________________________________ 關(guān)鍵詞匯：disagreement, whereas, different people have different view, thereby，獨(dú)立觀點(diǎn)型

(第一段)In recent years, more and more people tend to______________________ /there has been a growing trend among___________________________ /with the development of economic globalization, more and more people___________________。This phenomenon is receiving more and more attention from the general public.(該段要求對事實(shí)進(jìn)行描述)（第二段）

I think we should take a positive/negative attitude towards it.The reasons are as follows.First, _________________, second,_________________.Finally,_______________.(該段表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，并說明原因)（第三段）

From the above analysis, we can see that _____________________.there is every reasons that this trend will continue and even grow stronger in the future, because_____________________./I firmly believe that_____________________(該段總結(jié)展望)關(guān)鍵詞匯：

opportunity, personally, oppose, convinction, rethink, strategy, owing to, appeal, on the practical side, as well as, benefit from this sort of, not only…but also, obviously,

第三篇：MBA聯(lián)考英語寫作例題及

便條就是一種簡單的書信，內(nèi)容簡短，大多是臨時性的留言、要求等。是在有急事需告訴別人而又不能面談時，就可以寫便條，如請假條、留言條等等，一般不寫地址，與普通書信基本相同。具有用途廣泛、形式簡單、文字要求不嚴(yán)格的特點(diǎn)。便條都不用郵寄。例一：請假條。寫請假條時，如有醫(yī)生出具的證明，最好一起附上。Dear Mr.Pike，I very much regret I was unable to attend school this morning owing to a severe attack of illness.I am enclosing here with a certificate from the doctor who is attending me, as he fears it will be several days before I shall be able to resume my study.I trust my enforced absence will not give you any serious inconvenience.Sincerely yours Jack 親愛的派克先生：

非常抱歉，我因今晨突然生病不能前來上課。現(xiàn)附上醫(yī)生證明，醫(yī)生擔(dān)心我也許要幾天后才能上課。希望我這次身不由己的缺勤不致給您帶來很大的麻煩。

忠實(shí)于您的杰克

例二：留言條。可用于說明一件事、做一次活動安排以及詢問等等，應(yīng)直截了當(dāng)。寫留言條，日期部分寫在右上角，一般只寫星期幾，或星期幾上午、下午或具體鐘點(diǎn)。Dear peter: I have done all my things here.i sincerely thank you for the trouble you have taken for my sake.I am leaving for home by train at two this afternoon.this is to say good-bye to you.Please kindly remember me to your wife.Yours ever, Jack 親愛的彼特：

我在這里的事情已經(jīng)全部辦好。這次麻煩你了，我萬分感激。我定于今天下午兩點(diǎn)乘火車返家，特來辭行，并請代向你的妻子問好。

摯友

杰克

The bar chart above demonstrates clearly that some changes havetaken place in terms of the situation of part-time jobs in a certain university.Although the participation percentage of part-time jobs from university thefirst year to the third year almost remain stable, we can see that percentageof university the fourth year has been on a sharp rise。

In the freshman year, based upon the data of the chart, the participationpercentage of part-time jobs is nearly 67.77%;the second year, 71.13%;thethird year, 71.93%.Surprisingly, the percentage rises dramatically to 88.24%in the senior year。

For my part, it’s of no difficulty for us tocome up with some possible factors to account for this trend.For example, dullnessand loneliness are common problems of seniors, therefore more seniors take partin part-time jobs.But the sources of this phenomenon go way deeper.It is theturbulent employment environment that shapes this trend.For hunting jobs andthen broadcasting their ambition, seniors try all means to gather workingexperience.I believe that finding reasons can be described as a bridge betweenproblems and solutions.(187words)(文都 徐可風(fēng))

網(wǎng)絡(luò)綜合a blessing or a curse?

As TV enters more and more families, people begin to wonder about its advantages and disadvantages.Some believe that it is a blessing, while others hold that it is a curse to society.Let's look at the good points of TV.Firstly, it can bring people new information in time from every corner in the world.People can enjoy their favourite programs at home.For example, Discovery is the program I like most, not only because it is interesting, but also because it provides some knowledge I cannot get from books.But on the other hand, TV may exert bad influence on people.A case in point is that some programs are full of violence and these programs unwittingly set terrible examples for audience.As a result, people, especially juveniles, are led to commit crimes.In my opinion, the attitude toward TV all depends on oneself.Mature persons are always capable to keep themselves away from its bad influence.But one thing is important： we should make full use of its advantages and avoid its disadvantages.● How to...題型

模板1

Along with the great economic development/the development of people's living standard in China and the high call for dealing with 主題 , more and more people are coming to realize the serious problem caused by 主題.But how to solve this problem?

As a matter of fact, there are many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but I think the following ones may be most effective.First of all is 方法1.Another way to solve the problem of 主題 is 方法2.Finally 方法3.These are not the best and the only several measures we can take.But there is no doubt that attention must be paid and it is clear that the task demands great efforts.The government/We should take considerable efforts to achieve the goal.(119 words)

范文:

How to solve unemployment problem?

Along with the great economic development in China and the high call for dealing with unemployment problem , more and more people are coming to realize the serious problem caused by unemployment.But, how to solve this problem?

As a matter of fact, there are many ways that can contribute to solving this serious problem, but I think the following ones may be most effective.First of all is to change people's traditional idea and encourage them to channel their own career.Another way to solve the problem of unemployment is to develop the tertiary industry.Finally we can find other ways to solve this problem.For example, increasing government investment.These are not the best and the only several measures we can take.But there is no doubt that attention must be paid and it is clear that the task demands great efforts.The government should take considerable efforts to achieve the goal.模板2

主題 is an annoying problem for people all over the world.I believe it can be dealt with on three levels: internationally, nationally, and last but not least, on a personal level.In my opinion, strict international regulations should be made.At the same time, 方法1.On the national level, government must see to it 方法2.Lastly, what can we do as individuals? First, 方法3.For instance, 例子.Second, 方法4.In a word, 主題 is a problem that can be solved if people take actions in cooperation.(81 words)

范文:

How to fight against pollution?

Pollution, with the development of modern industry, is becoming an annoying problem for people all over the world.I believe it can be dealt with on three levels： internationally, nationally, and last but not least, on a personal level.In my opinion, strict international regulations should be made.At the same time, every country should realize the seriousness of pollution and put all our heads together to fight against it.On the national level, government must see to it that severe measures should be carried out.These measures could help to reduce pollution and protect our environment.Lastly, what can we do as individuals? First, I think we should make changes to our life styles.For instance, we can try and use public transport or bicycles as much as possible.Second, we can protest against any bad actions.In a word, pollution is a problem that can be solved if people take actions in cooperation.模板3

主題 is the foundation of our future development.If 主題 become poor/sick/worse, it is impossible for us to attain our goal.On the other hand, if 主題 become strong/good, we can achieve our dreams.How can we have good 主題 ? First, we should 方法1.Second, we should 方法2 , such as 例子.Third, there is a proverb that says, “ 諺語.” If we pay attention to 主題 , we can avoid 缺點(diǎn)1 or at least 缺點(diǎn)2.In conclusion, nothing is more valuable than 主題.In good 主題 , we can get more development.In good 主題 , we can lead a happy life.(90 words)

范文:

How to improve our health?

It is known to us all that health is the foundation of our future success.If our health become poor, it is impossible for us to attain our goals.On the other hand, if our health becomes good, we can finally achieve our dreams.How can we have good health ? There are some advices for you as follows.First, we should keep on doing exercise every day.Second, we should form some good habits , such as early rising, taking exercise regularly.Third, there is a proverb that says, “Prevention is better than cure.” If we pay enough attention to our health , we can avoid getting sick or at least cure ourselves of a disease while it is still at an early stage.In conclusion, nothing is more valuable than health.In good health , we can get more development in our career.Only being in good health , we can lead a happy life.模板4

Today the problem of 主題 has become more and more serious.現(xiàn)象1,2,3.If the problem continues to become worse like this, we will suffer the serious bad effect.Concerned people have put forward some methods to deal with the problems.The government has established laws to protect 主題.Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems.People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems and use more reasonable methods to cope with the problems.Only in this way can we have a better and wonderful future.(88 words)

范文：

How to protect environment?

Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious.The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources and at the same time polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.If the problem continues to become worse like this, we will suffer the serious bad effect.What we will leave to our offspring might be a desperate future.Concerned people have put forward some methods to deal with the problems.The government has established laws to protect air, forests and sea resources and to stop environmental pollution.Although we have already achieved some success, we still have a long way to go.Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems.People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems and use more reasonable methods to cope with the problems.Only in this way can we have a better and wonderful future.模板5

When asked about one of the biggest problems today, many people say that 主題 is most threatening.They are afraid of the bad influence caused by 主題.To this problem, most people respond with the demand for 方法1.Indeed, this is urgently needed, for 原因.If we adopt this method, we can partially solve the problem.Moreover, we should take more effective ways to cope with the problem.So in the long run we must 方法2.Man is highly adaptable and creative.Since we can solve a lot of thorny problems, why can't we deal with this problem successfully?(97 words)

范文：

How to solve the energy problem?

When asked about one of the biggest problems today, many people say that energy crisis is most threatening.They are afraid of the bad influence caused by energy crisis.Although many people have realized this and some concerned experts have taken many measures, the crisis is still threatening.To this problem, most people respond with the demand for more rigid conservation of natural resources.Indeed, this is urgently needed, for the present habitual waste of energy is very serious.If we adopt this method, we can partially solve the problem.Moreover, we should take more effective way to cope with the problem.So in the long run we must develop new sources of energy instead of merely conserving the limited supplies.No mountain can never be conquered and no problem can never be solved.Man is highly adaptable and creative.Since we can solve a lot of thorny problems, why can't we deal with this problem successfully?

第四篇：MBA 英語常用翻譯技巧總結(jié)

MBA 英語常用翻譯技巧總結(jié)

（一）翻譯考察三方面內(nèi)容：

1、專有名詞（如operational research expert）、習(xí)慣用法（如depend on）及多義詞的翻 譯(如school、set 的多義)

2、一般性翻譯技巧:包括詞義選擇，詞序調(diào)整，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和增詞法等等

3、具體句型（定從、狀從、主從、賓從、表從、同位從、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、并列、比較、倒裝、插入、被動、否定等）

一、常用方法

英漢兩種語言在句法、詞匯、修辭等方面均存在著很大的差異，因此在進(jìn)行英漢互譯時必然會遇到 很多困難，需要有一定的翻譯技巧作指導(dǎo)。常用的翻譯技巧有增譯法、省譯法、轉(zhuǎn)換法、拆句法、合并法、正譯法、反譯法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重組法和綜合法等。這些技巧不但可以運(yùn)用 于筆譯之中，也可以運(yùn)用于口譯過程中，而且應(yīng)該用得更加熟練。

1.增譯法：指根據(jù)英漢兩種語言不同的思維方式、語言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式，在翻譯時增添一些詞、短句或句子，以便更準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出原文所包含的意義。這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。漢語無主句較 多，而英語句子一般都要有主語，所以在翻譯漢語無主句的時候，除了少數(shù)可用英語無主句、被動 語態(tài)或“There be…”結(jié)構(gòu)來翻譯以外，一般都要根據(jù)語境補(bǔ)出主語，使句子完整。英漢兩種語言 在名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞和冠詞的使用方法上也存在很大差別。英語中代詞使用頻率較高，凡說 到人的器官和歸某人所有的或與某人有關(guān)的事物時，必須在前面加上物主代詞。因此，在漢譯英時 需要增補(bǔ)物主代詞，而在英譯漢時又需要根據(jù)情況適當(dāng)?shù)貏h減。英語詞與詞、詞組與詞組以及句子 與句子的邏輯關(guān)系一般用連詞來表示，而漢語則往往通過上下文和語序來表示這種關(guān)系。因此，在 漢譯英時常常需要增補(bǔ)連詞。英語句子離不開介詞和冠詞。另外，在翻譯時還要注意增補(bǔ)一些原文 中暗含而沒有明言的詞語和一些概括性、注釋性的詞語，以確保譯文意思的完整。總之，通過增譯，一是保證譯文語法結(jié)構(gòu)的完整，二是保證譯文意思的明確。如：（1）What about calling him right away? 馬上給他打個電話，你覺得如何？（增譯主語和謂語）

（2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四個現(xiàn)代化實(shí)現(xiàn)該有多好啊！（增譯主句）(3)Indeed, the reverse is true 實(shí)際情況恰好相反。（增譯名詞）

(4)就是法西斯國家本國的人民也被剝奪了人權(quán)。

Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.（增譯物 主代詞）

（5）_______只許州官放火，不許百姓點(diǎn)燈。

While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps.（增譯連詞）（6）這是我們兩國人民的又一個共同點(diǎn)。

This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.（增譯介詞）（7）在人權(quán)領(lǐng)域，中國反對以大欺小、以強(qiáng)凌弱。

In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.（增譯暗含詞語）（8）三個臭皮匠，合成一個諸葛亮。

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.（增譯注 釋性詞語）

2.省譯法：這是與增譯法相對應(yīng)的一種翻譯方法，即刪去不符合目標(biāo)語思維習(xí)慣、語言習(xí)慣和表 達(dá)方式的詞，以避免譯文累贅。增譯法的例句反之即可。又如：

(1)You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京訪問期間就住在這家飯店里。（省譯物主代詞）(2)I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在這兒過得愉快。（省譯物主代詞）(3)中國政府歷來重視環(huán)境保護(hù)工作。

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.(省譯名詞)3.轉(zhuǎn)換法：指翻譯過程中為了使譯文符合目標(biāo)語的表述方式、方法和習(xí)慣而對原句中的詞類、句 型和語態(tài)等進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。具體的說，就是在詞性方面，把名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為代詞、形容詞、動詞；把動詞轉(zhuǎn) 換成名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞；把形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞和短語。在句子成分方面，把主語變成狀語、定語、賓語、表語；把謂語變成主語、定語、表語；把定語變成狀語、主語；把賓語變成主語。在 句型方面，把并列句變成復(fù)合句，把復(fù)合句變成并列句，把狀語從句變成定語從句。在語態(tài)方面，可以把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。如：

(1)我們學(xué)院受教委和市政府的雙重領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government.(名詞轉(zhuǎn)動詞)（2）Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.孩子們看電視過多會大大地?fù)p壞視力。(名詞轉(zhuǎn)動詞)（3）由于我們實(shí)行了改革開放政策，我國的綜合國力有了明顯的增強(qiáng)。

Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved.(動詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞)(4)I’m all for you opinion.我完全贊成你的意見。（介詞轉(zhuǎn)動詞）

（5）The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.改革開放政策受到了全中國人民的擁護(hù)。（動詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞）

（6）In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment.作者在文章中，對人類疏忽自身環(huán)境作了批評。（形容詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞）

（7）In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.在有些歐洲國家里，人民享受最廣泛的社會福利，如醫(yī)療保險等。（被動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)主動語態(tài)）（8）時間不早了，我們回去吧！

We don’t have much time left.Let’s go back.(句型轉(zhuǎn)換)（9）學(xué)生們都應(yīng)該德、智、體全面發(fā)展。

All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.(名詞轉(zhuǎn)副詞)4.拆句法和合并法：這是兩種相對應(yīng)的翻譯方法。拆句法是把一個長而復(fù)雜的句子拆譯成若干個 較短、較簡單的句子，通常用于英譯漢；合并法是把若干個短句合并成一個長句，一般用于漢譯英。漢語強(qiáng)調(diào)意合，結(jié)構(gòu)較松散，因此簡單句較多；英語強(qiáng)調(diào)形合，結(jié)構(gòu)較嚴(yán)密，因此長句較多。所以 漢譯英時要根據(jù)需要注意利用連詞、分詞、介詞、不定式、定語從句、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等把漢語短句連成 長句；而英譯漢時又常常要在原句的關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞、主謂連接處、并列或轉(zhuǎn)折連接處、后續(xù) 成分與主體的連接處，以及意群結(jié)束處將長句切斷，譯成漢語分句。這樣就可以基本保留英語語序，順譯全句，順應(yīng)現(xiàn)代漢語長短句相替、單復(fù)句相間的句法修辭原則。如：

(1)Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.同中國加強(qiáng)合作，符合美國的利益。（在主謂連接處拆譯）

（2）I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我要感謝你們無與倫比的盛情款待。中國人民正是以這種熱情好客而聞明世界的。（在定語從句前 拆譯）

（3）This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account 英聯(lián)邦各國尤其如此，它們認(rèn)為英國加入歐共體，將能保證歐共體的政策照顧到它們的利益。（在 定語從句前拆譯）

（4）中國是個大國，百分之八十的人口從事農(nóng)業(yè)，但耕地只占土地面積的十分之一，其余為山脈、森林、城鎮(zhèn)和其他用地。

China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.（合譯）

5.正譯法和反譯法：這兩種方法通常用于漢譯英，偶爾也用于英譯漢。所謂正譯，是指把句子按 照與漢語相同的語序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語。所謂反譯則是指把句子按照與漢語相反的語序或表達(dá)方 式譯成英語。正譯與反譯常常具有同義的效果，但反譯往往更符合英語的思維方式和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。因 此比較地道。如：

（1）在美國，人人都能買到槍。

In the United States, everyone can buy a gun.(正譯)In the United States, guns are available to everyone.(反譯)（2）你可以從因特網(wǎng)上獲得這一信息。

You can obtain this information on the Internet.（正譯）

This information is accessible/available on the Internet.（反譯）（3）他突然想到了一個新主意。

Suddenly he had a new idea.(正譯)He suddenly thought out a new idea.(正譯)A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him.（反譯）（4）他仍然沒有弄懂我的意思。

He still could not understand me.(正譯)Still he failed to understand me.(反譯)（5）無論如何，她算不上一位思維敏捷的學(xué)生。

She can hardly be rated as a bright student.(正譯)She is anything but a bright student.(反譯)（6）Please withhold the document for the time being.請暫時扣下這份文件。（正譯）請暫時不要發(fā)這份文件。（反譯）

二、被動語態(tài)譯法

英語中被動語態(tài)的使用范圍極為廣泛, 尤其是在科技英語中, 被動語態(tài)幾乎隨處可見, 凡是在不 必、不愿說出或不知道主動者的情況下均可使用被動語態(tài), 因此, 掌握被動語態(tài)的翻譯方法, 對于 MBA 入學(xué)考試的復(fù)習(xí)與應(yīng)考是極為重要的, 因為在MBA 入學(xué)考試中，英譯漢文章的內(nèi)容多以科 普文章為主。在漢語中, 也有被動語態(tài), 通常通過“把”或“被”等詞體現(xiàn)出來, 但它的使用范圍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn) 小于英語中被動語態(tài)的使用范圍, 因此英語中的被動語態(tài)在很多情況下都翻譯成主動結(jié)構(gòu)。對于 英語原文的被動結(jié)構(gòu), 我們一般采取下列的方法: 1.翻譯成漢語的主動句。英語原文的被動結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯成漢語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)又可以進(jìn)一步分為幾種不同 的情況。

(1)英語原文中的主語在譯文中仍做主語。在采用此方法時, 我們往往在譯文中使用了“加以”, “經(jīng)過”, “用……來”等詞來體現(xiàn)原文中的被動含義。例如: 例1.Other questions will be discussed briefly.其它問題將簡單地加以討論。

例2.In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.換言之, 礦物就是存在于地球上, 但須經(jīng)過挖掘、鉆孔、人工爆破或類似作業(yè)才能獲得的物質(zhì)。例3.Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.核能對健康、安全, 甚至對生命本身構(gòu)成的危險可以用一個詞—輻射來概括。

(2)將英語原文中的主語翻譯為賓語, 同時增補(bǔ)泛指性的詞語(人們,大家等)作主語。例如: 例1.It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.可能有人會指出, 無線電廣播同樣也能做到這一點(diǎn), 但還是電視屏幕上的節(jié)目要生動、真實(shí)得多。例2.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series ofprogrammes which are both instructive and entertaining.(85 年考題)人們常說, 電視使人了解時事, 熟悉政治領(lǐng)域的最新發(fā)展變化, 并能源源不斷地為觀眾提供各種 既有教育意義又有趣的節(jié)目。

例3.It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.人們普遍認(rèn)為，孩子們的早年經(jīng)歷在很大程度上決定了他們的性格及其未來的人品。另外, 下列的結(jié)構(gòu)也可以通過這一手段翻譯: It is asserted that … 有人主張…… It is believed that … 有人認(rèn)為……

It is generally considered that … 大家(一般人)認(rèn)為 It is well known that … 大家知道(眾所周知)…… It will be said … 有人會說…… It was told that … 有人曾經(jīng)說……

(3)將英語原文中的by, in, for 等做狀語的介詞短語翻譯成譯文的主語, 在此情況下, 英語原文 中的主語一般被翻譯成賓語。例如: 例1.A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.原子反應(yīng)堆需要一種合適的燃料。

例2.By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時, 這個組織拯救了八百人, 但那是以二百多比利時人和法國人的生命為代價的。

例3.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.許多人認(rèn)為, 普通人的思維活動根本無法與科學(xué)家的思維過程相比, 而且認(rèn)為這些思維過程必須 經(jīng)過某種專門的訓(xùn)練才能掌握。(4)翻譯成漢語的無主句。例如: 例1.Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.應(yīng)該盡最大努力告?nbsp| 年輕人吸煙的危害, 特別是吸上煙癮后的可怕后果。

例2.By this procedure, different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their inhibit to heat.通過這種方法分析發(fā)現(xiàn)不同種類的蜂蜜的抗菌活動對熱的敏感程度也極為不同。

例4.Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.在我們這個世紀(jì)內(nèi)研制了許多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的也許就是氣墊船了。例5.New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….必須找到新的能源，這需要時間……

另外, 下列結(jié)構(gòu)也可以通過這一手段翻譯: It is hoped that … 希望……

It is reported that … 據(jù)報道…… It is said that … 據(jù)說……

It is supposed that … 據(jù)推測…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸張地說…… It must be admitted that … 必須承認(rèn)…… It must be pointed out that … 必須指出…… It will be seen from this that … 由此可見……(5)翻譯成帶表語的主動句。例如: 例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly.進(jìn)攻的決定不是輕易作出的。

例2.On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.總的來說, 得出這種結(jié)論是有一定程度把握的, 但必須具備兩個條件: 能夠假定這個孩子對測試 的態(tài)度和與他比較的另一個孩子的態(tài)度相同;他也沒有因為缺乏別的孩子已掌握的有關(guān)知識而被 扣分。

(注意上述翻譯技巧在該句翻譯中的綜合運(yùn)用。)2.譯成漢語的被動語態(tài)。英語中的許多被動句可以翻譯成漢語的被動句。常用“被”, “給”, “遭”, “挨”, “為……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。例如: 例1.Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man.地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人類引燃的。

例2.These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.這些訊號是由外層空間的星球碰撞或者核反應(yīng)所造成的。

例3.Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colours.自然光或者“白光”實(shí)際上是由許多種顏色組成的。

例4.The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped.流體在管道中流動的情況, 受到諸如流體粘度、泵送速度等各種因素的影響。

例5.They may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrial planets, and they are believed to have been the planetesimal-like building blocks for some of the outer planets and their satellites.它們可能一直是地球行星的一部分大氣的來源。它們還被認(rèn)為是構(gòu)成外部行星以及其衛(wèi)星的一種類 似微星的基礎(chǔ)材料。

例6.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.工具 和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉多年來在很大程度上被科學(xué)史學(xué)家和科學(xué)思想家們忽視了。

例7.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府是以減少技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來增加純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入, 還是相反, 這往往取決于把哪一方 看作是驅(qū)動的力量。

例8.The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.石油的供應(yīng)可能隨時會被中斷；不管怎樣，以目前的這種消費(fèi)速度，只需30 年左右，所有的油井 都會枯竭。

MBA 英語常用翻譯技巧總結(jié)

（二）三、形容詞譯法

英語和漢語語言結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)習(xí)慣有很多差異之處，翻譯時往往能死扣原文逐詞逐句譯出。下面擬談?wù)勑稳?詞的翻譯問題。

（一）、一些原義并無否定意思的形容詞和別的詞搭配，有時可譯成否定句。1.These goods are in short supply.這些貨物供應(yīng)不足。

2.This equation is far from being complicated.這個方程一定也不復(fù)雜。

（二）、為了使譯文自然流暢，讀起來順口，在一些形容詞前可根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容加上副詞“很”、“最”等字。1.It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.這是我度過最愉快的一天。

2.It is easy to compress a gas.氣體很容易壓縮。

（三）、有時可將英語的“形容詞+名詞短語”譯成漢語的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。1.She spoke in a high voice.她講話聲音很尖。

2.This engine develops a high torque.這臺發(fā)動機(jī)產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)矩很大。

（四）、如果一個名詞前有幾個形容詞修飾，英譯時應(yīng)根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣決定其順序。1.a large brick conference hall 一個用磚砌的大會議廳

2.a plastic garden chair 一把在花園里用的塑料椅子

（五）、英語中一些表示知覺、情感、欲望等心理狀態(tài)的形容詞，同連系動詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語時，翻譯時可 將形容詞譯成動詞。

1.You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。

2.Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.類似的批評在他后來寫的評論美國的文章中屢見不鮮。

3.He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever.他誠懇地懺悔過去，并保證永遠(yuǎn)不再玩汽車。

（六）、由于語言習(xí)慣不同，英語里的形容詞有時譯成漢語副詞。1.I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body.我要對每一個人都親切、溫順、和善。

2.He asked me for a full account of myself and family.他詳盡地問起我自己和我家里的情況。

3.Another war will be the absolute end of our country.再來一次戰(zhàn)爭將徹底毀滅我們這個國家。

從以上幾個方面可以看出，譯好形容詞是使譯文通順、流暢的一個環(huán)節(jié)

四、舉例before 和good 具體譯法

（一）連詞before 的含義是“在……以前”(previous to the time when)。在句法上，它引導(dǎo)狀語從句。可見它的詞義頗為單純，功能比較專一。然而，由于漢英表達(dá)習(xí)慣的不同，在將before 漢譯時，其譯法卻 多種多樣。常見的有以下幾種：

1，直譯成“（在）……（以或之）前”。這時主句與before 從句中的兩個動作按時間先后依次發(fā)生。Before I enter on the subject I have something to say.在討論這一問題之前，我有些話要說。

They led a miserable life before their hometown was liberated.他們家鄉(xiāng)解放前生活很苦。

2，譯成“（后）……才”。副詞“才”在漢語中表示某事發(fā)生得晚或慢。如果在含有before 從句的復(fù)合句中，強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動作發(fā)生得晚或慢時，就可以應(yīng)用這種譯法。這里又有兩種情況，一種是主句主語為名詞或代詞，另一種是主語與非人稱it。

The train had left before he got to the station.火車開了他才到車站。

It seemed a long time before my turn came.似乎過了好大一會兒才輪到我。

3，連詞before 與barely，scarcely, hardly 連用時還可譯成“剛……就”。在漢語中，“就”強(qiáng)調(diào)事情發(fā)生 得早或快。如果原文突出主句與從句的動作一前一后緊接著或幾乎同時發(fā)生，即可用此譯法。We had barely sat down before we heard bicycles outside.我們剛坐下就聽到外邊有自行車的聲音。

We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.我們剛離開學(xué)校天就下起雨來。

4，如果原文主句中謂語動詞是否定形式則可譯成“就”、“便”、或“快”。這又分主句主語為名（代）詞和it 兩種情況。

I had not waited long before she came.我沒等多久她就來了。

It was not long before he got to know it.不久他就知道了。

5，假使原文目的在于渲染從句動作發(fā)生之前，主句動作業(yè)已發(fā)生，可譯成“未……就”或“還沒有（來得及）…… 就”。

The day began to break before we got to the hilltop.我們還沒有到達(dá)山頂天就開始亮了。

Before I could say a single word, he ran away.我連一句話也沒來得及說他就跑了。

另外，像before he knew it 一類習(xí)慣說法，則可譯成“不……（就）”。The boy fell down from the ladder bvefore he knew it.那個男孩不知怎么一來就從梯子上摔了下來。

6，譯為“趁（著）”，或用反說，譯成“不然會”、“要不就”、“沒”、“不”等。Study hard before it is too late.趁早努力學(xué)習(xí)。

I’ll do it now before I forget.趁著還沒忘記，我現(xiàn)在就做。

She arrived before I expected.我沒料到她來的這么早。

7，某些習(xí)語中的連詞before 可譯成“先……然后”、“先……再”或“而后”等。One must sow before one can reap.先有播種后有收獲。Look before you leap.三思而后行。

有些習(xí)語中的before 也可譯成“未……先”。

Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.雞蛋未孵，勿先數(shù)雛。

此外，連詞before 還作“與其……（寧愿）”（rather than)講，通常可以為“寧可……也不（肯）”、“寧愿…… 決不”等。例如：

We will die before we give in.我們寧死不屈。He would die before he lied.他寧死也不肯說謊。

以上羅列了連詞before 的幾種常見的譯法。英漢表達(dá)方式很不相同，具體譯法，須根據(jù)具體情況而定

（二）Good 一詞，在英語中該算是最熟悉、最常用的了。它的搭配能力很強(qiáng)，而且也常見于科技文章中。一看到good,我們便自然而然得會想到“好的”這一詞義。然而，在一些場合，good 的譯法卻是頗費(fèi)躊躇 的。

1，可譯為“好的”，但概念模糊：如good fish（好魚），是指品種，大小還是新鮮程度呢？

2，勉強(qiáng)可譯為“好的”，但不搭配：如Good fire 若譯為“很好的爐火”是可以理解的，但不如譯為“旺盛的 爐火”。

3，譯成“好的”反而錯了：如good hard work 不是指“一項好的但卻艱巨的工作”，而是指“一項十分艱巨 的工作”。

為什么這樣普通的詞在翻譯時卻難處理呢？其原因有二： 第一，只知其一，不知其二、三

有的詞有一個義項，有的詞有兩個或兩個以上義項。good 一詞，在《現(xiàn)代高級英漢雙解辭典》中就有十 八項釋義，如不能全面地掌握這些義項，翻譯時就會遇到困難。第二，不善舉一反三，觸類旁通

從語言的發(fā)展來看，一個詞總會有一個最原始的或最基本的詞義（叫做本義），而其他的詞義是由這個詞 發(fā)展或引申而來的（叫做引申義）。引申，就是由原義產(chǎn)生新義。選擇詞義難就難在這個“新”字上。一是 英語單詞本身已有引申義。這就要勤查字典，從諸多詞義中去挑選最合適的詞義。二是詞典中所有詞義都 不貼切，要根據(jù)漢譯的需要去創(chuàng)造新義，而新義又必須與本義相關(guān)聯(lián)。如good 一詞在英語中已有引申義 “strong，vigorous（強(qiáng)健的，有力的）”。因此，His eyesight is still good.一句應(yīng)譯為“他的視力仍 然很強(qiáng)。”（good 由“好的”引申為“強(qiáng)的”）。而在下面的例句中，good 可引申為“高度的”。To produce strong X-rays the tube had to be made a very good vacuum.管子要產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)的射線，就必須制成高度的真空。而“高度的”這一詞義，在《現(xiàn)代高級英漢雙解辭典》、《遠(yuǎn) 東英漢大辭典》等的漢語釋義中都是沒有的，因而可算是新創(chuàng)的。現(xiàn)在，讓我們以《現(xiàn)代高級英漢雙解辭 典》為據(jù)，列舉good 一詞的幾個義項來觀察它在漢譯時是如何引申和再引申的。為了節(jié)省篇幅，只探討 作為形容詞用的而且常用于科技文章中的幾個義項的譯法，不涉及用于生活、口語和文學(xué)時的譯法，也不 涉及用于問候語、客氣的稱呼、贊揚(yáng)之詞以及片語和復(fù)合詞的用法。為了方便，在此不再引用其英語的釋 義而用其對應(yīng)的漢語譯義，每一詞義只舉一例。（1）、美好的；良好的；令人滿意的 a good knife 一把好刀 a good conductor 良導(dǎo)體 漢譯時引申：

1，a good soil 肥沃的土壤 2，good oil 提純了的油

3，a good money 真的貨幣 4，a good river 暢通的河道 5，good English 規(guī)范的英語

6，Good switches move quickly.優(yōu)質(zhì)開關(guān)動作靈活。（good 引申為“優(yōu)質(zhì)的”）7，That engine sounds good.那臺發(fā)動機(jī)聽起來很正常。（good 引申譯為“正常”）8，the rocket travels better through vacuum than it des through the air.火箭穿過真空比穿過空氣容易。（good 引申譯為“容易”）

9，A good example of a case where electricity is changed to power is the electric streetcar.電變?yōu)閯恿Φ牡湫屠邮请娷嚒＃╣ood example 引申譯為“典型的例子”）10，In the absence of an outdoor aerial this telescopic aerial will give a good picture if the transmitter signal is sufficiently strong.在無室外天線時，若發(fā)射機(jī)的信號很 強(qiáng)，這種拉桿天線可產(chǎn)生清晰的圖象（good picture 引申譯為“清晰的圖象”）

11，Laser possesses a series of remarkable properties, which make it a better light source in a number of cases.激光有許多顯著的特性，這些特性使它在許多情況下成為一種更理 想的光源。（good 引申譯為“理想的”）（2）、有益的

Milk is good food for children.牛奶對小孩是有益的。漢譯時引申： 1，good gradient平緩的坡度

2，It is no good heating the material to such a temperature.把材料加熱到這樣的溫度是不恰當(dāng) 的。（good 引申為“恰當(dāng)?shù)摹保?/p>

（3）、能勝任的；有能力的；能干的 漢譯時引申：

1，a good chess player 高明的棋手

2，A good human translator can do perhaps 2000 to 3000 words a day.一個熟練的翻譯人員一 天也許能翻譯兩千到三千個詞。（good 引申譯為“熟練的”）（4）、徹底的；完全的

The workers gave the machine a good checking.工人們對機(jī)器進(jìn)行了徹底的檢查。漢譯時引申： 1，have a good drink 喝個痛快

2，It has been thought of making good use of the sun"s energy to serve the well-being of the people.我們早就設(shè)想過充分利用太陽能來為自己造福。（good 引申譯為“充分”）3，This set consumes so little power that a good 12 volt car battery can still start your car after you have been watching TV for 10 hours.本機(jī)耗電極少，因而具有12 伏足電的汽車蓄電池在你看電視十小時后仍能用于開車。（good 引申為“充足的”）

4，Rivers provide good sources of hydropower.河流具有豐富的水力資源。（good 引申譯為“豐富 的”）

5，The CE circuit is widely favored since it can be designed for good voltage and current gains.CE 電路得到廣泛的使用，因為它能獲得高電壓增益和高電流增益。（good...gains 引申譯為“高……增益”）

（5）、可靠的；安全的；確實(shí)的

a car with good brakes 剎車可靠的汽車 a good investment 安全的投資漢譯時引申： good debts 確可償還的債務(wù)__

第五篇：MBA MPA考試聯(lián)考英語小作文大作文萬能

一、建議信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 寫信目的Para2 S1 處境現(xiàn)狀（嚴(yán)重）。S2 有建議。S3 建議1。S4 建議2。（S5 建議3。）Para3 S1 感謝。S2 期待。

2、說明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Sir or Madam,(/To whom if may concern / To those concerned,)

【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of making some suggestions to improve the service of our library.【P2S1】Although our library functions positively(積極的)in enriching the students’ campus life, its service goes far from being desired.【P2S2】In my eyes, the following measures need to be taken as soon as possible.【P2S3】In the first place, why not arrange an inquiry desk at the circulation hall? 【P2S4】In addition, the students should have access to the latest issues of foreign magazines.(【P2S5】Lastly, you should(/ had)better maintain strict order at the reading room.)

【P3S1】Thank you for spending time(in)reading this letter(/I sincerely hope that you will take my advice into consideration).【P3S2】I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience(方便;合宜)(/I am looking forward to seeing some new changes in the service).Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

二、感謝信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 寫信目的（感謝）

Para2 S1 原因1。S2 原因2。S3 感謝方式（邀請對方）。Para3 S1 再次感謝。S2 祝福對方。

2、說明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Jack(/ Tom / Judy)，【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of expressing(/extending /conveying)my sincere thanks(/gratitude)to you for your warm reception(/hospitality)while I was in America(/While I participated(參加，參與)in the exchange program in America).【P2S1】Your generous(慷慨的, 大方的,慷慨給予的)help made it possible that I had a pleasant stay and a chance to know America culture better.【P2S2】Besides, I consider it an honor for me to made friends with you and I will cherish(珍愛, 珍視, 愛護(hù)，鐘愛)the goodwill(友誼)you showed to me wherever I go.【P2S3】I do(/genuinely /sincerely)hope that you would(/will)visit China in due course(適當(dāng)?shù)臅r候)so that I could enjoy the opportunity to repay yours kinds and refresh our friendship(加深友誼).【P3S1】Once again, please accept my heartfelt gratitude(由衷感謝).【P3S2】Wish you all the best.Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

三、祝賀信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 寫信目的 Para2 S1 艱辛（你）。S2 激動（你）。S3 值得（你）。S4 鼓舞（我）。S5 驕傲（我）。

Para3 S1 再次祝賀。S2 期待更大成功。

2、說明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Jack(/ Tom / Judy)，【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of expressing(/extending /conveying)my warmest congratulations on your graduation from the Graduate School(/your promotion to general manager of the company(榮升公司總經(jīng)理)).【P2S1】I know how hard you have worked to attain(（通常經(jīng)過努力）實(shí)現(xiàn), 達(dá)到, 獲得，得到)this goal.【P2S2】Therefore, I can imagine your excitement when you realized such an ambition(after all these years of painstaking efforts(艱苦努力)).【P2S3】Indeed, no one could have been more deserving than you.【P2S4】On the other hand, for me, it will be a real encouragement to see your efforts rewarded(看到你的能力得到回報).【P2S5】In short, I take great pride in your current achievements.【P3S1】Once again, please accept my heartfelt(/sincere/genuine)congratulations on your success.【P3S2】I wish you will farther success(更大的成功).Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

四、推薦信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 寫信目的Para2 S1（其）現(xiàn)狀。S2（其）目的。S3（其）困難。S4（其）愿望。S5（己）期待。

Para3 S1 感謝。S2 期待（套語）。

2、說明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Jack(/Judy)，【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of introducing(/recommending)to you Li Ming, one of my best friends(/colleagues/students/classmates).【P2S1】Presently(/At present)he(/she)is studying at Sichuan University.【P2S2】He(/She)will go to Harvard University in your place for farther study.【P2S3】As it will be the first time for him to study abroad, he will most likely encounter（碰到）a variety of problems(通用句).【P2S4】He(/She)hopes to obtain your guidance in many ways.【P2S5】I would be grateful if you could can kindly offer help(通用句).【P3S1】Thank you for your due attention to this letter(/Thank you for spending time(in)reading this letter).【P3S2】I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

五、辭職信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 寫信目的Para2 S1 有因。S2 原因（工作性質(zhì)）1。S3 原因2。S4 強(qiáng)調(diào)目的（辭職）。Para3 S1 感謝（曾經(jīng)提供機(jī)會）。S2 期待批準(zhǔn)。（S3 致歉損失。）

2、說明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Mr.Wang，【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of informing you of my decision to(通用句)resign(/resigning)from my current position.【P2S1】After two months of work, I find it inappropriate(不合適的)for me to take the position as an editor for the following reasons.【P2S2】Firstly(/In the first place / First and foremost), I ever expected the job to be challenging and rewarding(挑戰(zhàn)與回報), which has turned out to be the opposite.【P2S3】Besides, the salary has proved to be much lower than you originally promised and I have a large family to spport.【P2S4】Therefore I have made up my mind quit after much deliberation(深思熟慮;研究).【P3S1】Thanks(/Thank you)for having offered me the splendid(/golden)opportunity to work with the outstanding staff(優(yōu)秀員工)here.【P3S2】I genuinely(/sincerely)do hope that you will approve of my resignation.(【P3S3】I am genuinely sorry for any inconvenience caused.)

Yours faithfully(忠實(shí)地), Zhang Wei

六、求職信

1、模板：

Para1（S1 自我介紹。）S2 寫信目的。Para2 S1 有資質(zhì)（條件）。S2 條件1（教育背景）。S3 條件2（工作經(jīng)驗）。（S4 條件3（自身素質(zhì)）。）S4 其它詳細(xì)見簡歷。

Para3 S1 感謝。S2 期待。

2、說明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Sir or Madam,(/To whom if may concern / To those concerned,)

【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of applying for the position as advertised in China Daily(/the local newspaper / on TV).【P1S2】I am an undergraduate from Sichuan University.【P2S1】My qualifications are as follows(/My qualification, I believe, amply meet your requirements).【P2S2】In the first place, my specialty(/specialty / major), English education(/marking), ensures(/guarantees(保證;商品保證))that my educational background is right(/perfectly)in line with(跟?一致)this job.【P2S3】In second, my previous experience as a middle school English teacher(/a sales manager(?/assistant))has helped lay a solid foundation(堅實(shí)的基礎(chǔ))for the work here.(【P2S4】In the third, I a good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn.)【P2S5】Please refer to my attached my resume for more details.【P3S1】I would appreciate it very much if you could schedule an interview.【P3S2】Looking(/I am looking)forward to your reply(to hear from you)at your earliest convenience(方便;合宜).Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

七、邀請信（公函）

1、模板：

Para1 S1 自我介紹。S2 目的。

Para2 S1 活動1。S2（套語）邀請。S3 活動2。S4（套語）邀請。Para3 S1 再次邀請。S2 期待（回復(fù)/來否）。

2、說明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Sir or Madam，【P1S1】I am head(/director)of the Household Electric Appliance Plant, which is a leading manufacturer of high-quality recording equipment.【P1S2】I am writing this letter for the purpose of inviting you to an exclusive(發(fā)布會)presentation of our new models of Digital Recorders.【P2S1】The occasion(活動)(/presentation)will take place at Noble Hotel on the third of January.【P2S2】I would feel it a great honor if you could come.【P2S3】There will also be a reception at two P.M.【P2S4】I hope you will attend too.【P3S1】Since your presence(參加)is so important to this presentation, I do(/sincerely / sincerely)hope you can make it(由衷希望您想法設(shè)法前來參加).【P3S2】We are looking forward to seeing on the day.Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

八、道歉信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 寫信目的Para2 S1 致歉（具體原因）。S2 深深歉意。S3 解決辦法1。S4 問題解決。Para3 S1 再次歉意。S2 期待諒解。

2、說明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Bob，【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of making an apology to you for my carelessness(粗心大意)(/expressing / conveying / extending my sincere apologies to you for my carelessness).【P2S1】When I arrived(/returned)home, I found(that)I had forgotten to return the music CD that you were so kind to lend me.【P2S2】I feel badly(/awfully)sorry for it.【P2S3】As I understand this CD is one of your favorites, I’ll try my best to send it back as soon as possible.【P2S4】According to the regulations concerned, it will take almost a week to reach Canada.【P3S1】Once again, please accept my heartfelt apology.【P3S2】I sincerely hope that we can keep corresponding with each other.(/ 【P3S1】Once again, I am sorry to my inconvenience caused.【P3S2】I sincerely hope you can accept my apology.)

Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

九、投訴信（complaint）

1、模板：

Para1 S1 寫信目的 Para2 S1 原因（總述）。S2 原因1。S3 原因2。S4 處境。Para3 S1 要求。S2 期待解決。

2、說明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

To whom if may concern(/ To those concerned,)

【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of making a complain about the laptop I bought last week.【P2S1】The reason for my dissatisfaction(/complaint)is that a few problems occurred in the use.【P2S2】To begin with, the system often broke down for no reason and some important data were lost.【P2S3】More over(/ in addition), the color of the screen was abnormal, and could not be adjusted.【P2S4】Considering these(鑒于以上原因), I find it difficult to go on with my work.【P3S1】I believe that you will take this matter into serious consideration and gibe a satisfactory reply.【P3S2】At the same time(/In the meantime / meanwhile), I sincerely hope to see improvement in your products(/service / management).Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

十、請求信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 寫信目的Para2 S1 有要求。S2 要求1。S3 要求2。S4 要求3。S5 我的計劃。Para3 S1 再次請求。S2 感謝/期待。

2、說明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Sir or Madam,(/To whom if may concern / To those concerned,)

【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of finding a child in a remote area to offer financial aid(/contributing to “Project Hope” by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area).【P2S1】My requirement are as follows(/The candidate should amply meet the following requirements).【P2S2】In the first place, he must be very poor and truly in need of help.【P2S3】Besides, he must be self-motivated and eager to learn.【P2S4】Last but not the least, he must be willing to return to his home town after graduation from university.(【P2S5】And I would send him a certain sum of money each semester term from this year on until he finishes his higher education.【P3S1】I would be most grateful if you could help me in this matter.【P3S2】Your prompt reply would be highly appreciated.(通用句)

Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

十一、通知

1、模板：

Para1 S1 緣由。S2 主題。S3 要求（總述）。S4 要求1。S5 要求2。S6時間/地點(diǎn)。S7希望/歡迎。

2、說明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Notice 【P1S1】To improve the student’ ability and enrich campus life(/extracurricular activities(課外活動)), the Postgraduates’ Association is recruiting volunteers for an international conference on globalization.【P1S2】The qualifications for the applicants are as follows.【P1S3】To begin with, the candidates should have outstanding skills at English.【P1S4】In addition, they must have a strong professional sprit, cheerful personality and be aged under 35.【P1S5】Last but not the least, the students with relevant working experience are preferred.【P1S6】Those who are interested in this activity may sign up with the monitor of their classes before February 1,2011.【P1S7】Everybody is welcome to join in it.【署通知單位】Postgraduates’ Association

【通知時間】January 15, 2011

十二、備忘錄

1、模板：

Para1 S1 緣由+主題。S2 內(nèi)容（有）。S3 要求1。S4 要求2。S5 報名時間地點(diǎn)。S6期望。(時間+收發(fā)人+事由)

2、說明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Data: January 15, 2011

To: All students of the English Department From: Class Monitor, Zhang Wei Subject: Spring Excursion(正文Message:)

【P1S1】As spring arrives and the weather turns to be agreeable(怡人的)，the department has decided to organize a spring excursion in a suburban county(Huairou District).【P1S2】The activities include mountain-climbing and picnic(爬山和野餐).【P1S3】All the students of the English Department anr encouraged to participate.【P1S4】We remind(提醒)you of the necessity(必要)of bringing some food and water as well as wearing comfortable shoes.【P1S5】Those who are interested in this activity(/excursion)may sign up with the monitor of their classed before April 1, 2011.【P1S6】Everybody is welcome to join in it.十三、報告

1、模板：

Para1 S1 目的Para2 S1 主要活動（總述）。S2 活動1。S3 活動2。S4 活動3。Para3 S1 接下來。S2 期望/展望。

2、說明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

To: Professor Barbara From: James Green Data: January 15, 2011

Subject: First progress report on graduation thesis(畢業(yè)論文)(正文Message:)略。

十四、大作文

1、模板：【4|5|2陣型】

Para1 【己點(diǎn)】S1 有現(xiàn)象+具體現(xiàn)象。S2 有不同“點(diǎn)”。S3 正點(diǎn)+反點(diǎn)。S4 己點(diǎn)。

Para2 【己據(jù)】S1 有據(jù)（總）。S2 據(jù)1。S3 例1。S4 據(jù)2。S5 據(jù)3（換句話說To put it in another way）。

Para3 【己據(jù)】S1 強(qiáng)化己點(diǎn)。S2 預(yù)測（評論）。

2、說明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：【2010年1月MBA 作文】

【P1S1】In this chart, it can be seen that the subscription number of mobile phones in developed countries had a steady but slight increase from 2000 to 2007 and has remained constant since then.【P1S2】Meanwhile, the subscriptions in developing countries have witnessed a dramatic increase, especially from 2004 to 2008.【P2S1】It’s no difficult job to come up with some possible factors to account for this phenomenon.【P2S2】At the top of the list is the recent huge improvement of people’s living standards in developing countries.【P2S3】It is reported that, with the rapid economic growth of these counties, mobile phones have become a life necessity overnight rather than a luxury.【P2S4】Besides we must admit that developing countries have a far larger population and accordingly a larger demand for mobile phone services than developed countries.【P2S5】Finally, what is responsible for the situation is that the mobile phone service in developing countries has been increasingly cheaper these years.【P2S6】In developed countries, however, the speed of the mobile phone service had been more efficient and therefore the market was soon saturated.【P3S1】As discussed above, it is no surprise to see this difference..【P3S2】And I firmly believe that this established trend will continue for quite a while in the forthcoming years.========================

【P1S1】These days, there is an increasingly hot topic among the general public which concerns the phenomenon that a growing number of college students are willing to work as a nurse after graduation.【P1S2】Whenever it comes to this issue, there will spring up a wide variety of voices.【P1S3】Some people view it as beneficial, while still some others consider that it is not suitable or acceptable for a developing country like China.【P1S4】So far as I am concerned, I am inclined to support the former view.【P2S1】It is of no difficulty for me to put forward some arguments to illustrate my standpoint.【P2S2】At the top of the list, with the rapid development of Chinese economy and the steady improvement of living standard, there is an increasing demand for high quality nurses.【P2S3】Based upon a recent Internet survey, about 56% of Chinese families in big cities are in need of this kind of highly educated workforce.【P2S4】What’s more, we must admit that there is a fierce competition in the current Chinese employment market.【P2S5】Last but not the least, the fact cannot be ignored that, in the long run, as an emerging profession in China, highly educated nurses will be widely recognized and respected.【P3S1】There is no denying the fact that people will have diverse views on the same issue, but my standpoint is clear and well founded in the foregoing discussions.【P3S2】Therefore, I believe, the current trend should be encouraged rather than discouraged or even banned.