第一篇：2010高考二輪復習英語教案：專題十八 完形填空
2010高考二輪復習英語教案
專題十八 完形填空
【專題要點】完形填空為綜合性考查題型，是考生雙基知識和綜合運用能力的體現，基本要點如下：1.語法知識類：這些語法包括引導詞、主謂一致、名詞或代詞的數和格、非謂語代詞的用法、平行結構、倒裝句、強調句、情態動詞、虛擬語氣、動詞的基本時態及搭配等；2.詞語辨析類：考查形近詞辨析；考查同義詞和近義詞辨析；考查常用詞辨析；3.背景常識類：完形填空是獨立的語篇，往往滲透著濃厚的風土人情、歷史地理、科學等知識；4.慣用固定搭配：以動詞、名詞和形容詞為中心所構成的短語，通常為考查的重點。
【考綱要求】考綱把完形填空歸于英語知識運用題，對它的具體要求為：在一篇250-300詞（或200-250詞）的短文中留出20個空，要求考生從每小題所給的4個選項中選出最佳選項，使 補足后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結構完整。考綱仍然遵循突出語篇、強調運用、注重交際的原則，強調對學生綜合運用能力的考查以及語言知識的積累和復習。新課標要求，英語教學的總體目標是培養學生的綜合運用能力，而語言技能（聽、說、讀、寫的能力）的形成，在語言學習過程中是相輔相成、相互促進的。學生通過大量的、專門的和綜合的語言練習，才能形成綜合的語言運用能力，同時這也包括了完形填空的能力，為以后的真實的語言交際運用打下一個堅實的基礎。
【教法指引】完形填空題是學生丟分非常嚴重的題型，教師在引導學生突破完形填空時一個是做題方法的指導，另外要把握考綱的要求：即基礎+能力，在平時的復習備考中要抓住這兩點，不能一味地進行完形填空的專項訓練。通過對近幾年來高考完形填空的分析可知，這個題型主要考查考生如下幾方面的能力：
1．熟練運用英語語法短語和慣用法。考生的語法知識越豐富，閱讀速度就越快，對文章的理解就會越深刻、全面。近些年來，情境意義的考查代替了明顯的語法知識的考查，但是仍然會間接地考查語法，這就需要考生平時要不斷錘煉自身的辨析能力。
2．豐富的詞匯知識和扎實的辨析能力。要有一定的詞匯量，一個單詞可能有幾個詞義，對常用的詞義都應掌握，要掌握其不同的詞性，否則，只知詞義不知詞性仍然無法進行正確的把握。要掌握常用的詞語搭配和詞語辨析。3．掌握閱讀技巧，提高語篇理解能力。
雖然所給的文章被抽去了20個詞，但是整篇文章的內容仍是可以理解的。如果考生不能理解文章內容，就難以將正確的詞填人文中。這也就是完形填空題與以單句形式考核詞匯和語法的試題的根本區別。由此可見，考生在做題時必須時刻從上下文考慮，不應該只看到所填的詞在句子內是否可行。
4．學會正確的邏輯推斷方法，銳化自己的思維。邏輯思維能力有助于對文章深層次含義的理 解和把握，從而選擇早佳答案，完成“完形”。總之，可以看出完形填空作為一種綜合性語言測試題，它檢查的是考生對英語的綜合運用能力，包括考生在詞匯、句型、語法等方面的語言知識綜合運用能力以及閱讀理解、英語思維、英語文化背景知識和邏輯推理能力。它 是一種考查學生語言能力，特別是語篇層次上交際能力的較難題型。它覆蓋的面非常廣，是考查考生英語綜合水平的重要手段。教師只有明白了這種題型考查學生學生哪方面的能力和要求在復習備考中嚴格訓練就能提高學生的完形填空題的應試能力。
第二篇：2010高考二輪復習英語教案
2010高考二輪復習英語教案
專題八 非謂語動詞和獨立主格結構
【專題要點】非謂語動詞和獨立主格結構主要用法如下：1.動名詞和動詞不定式作主語、賓語；2.只跟動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語；3.只跟動詞不定式作賓語的常見動詞； 4.既可以跟動名詞又可以跟動詞不定式作賓語，且意義不同的動詞或短語；5.不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞作賓語補足語的區別；6.不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞作定語時的區別； 7.不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞作狀語時的區別；8.動名詞的復合結構在句中作狀語； 9.there be 結構的兩種非謂語形式；10.獨立主格結構在句中作狀語； 11.with復合結構在句中作狀語或定語。
【考綱要求】非謂語動詞包括不定式、動詞-ing形式和過去分詞三種形式。動詞的非謂語形式是中學英語語法的重點和難點,也是每年高考熱點中的熱點, 考綱要求掌握：非謂語動詞的時態和語態；他們在英語句子中的作用；非謂語動詞的基本用法和含義，非謂語動詞在句子中可以充當多種句子成分，比如主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語等；掌握非謂語動詞充當相同句子成分時的辨析；掌握非謂語動詞在不同的語境、語義下的運用。對于獨立主格結構考綱要求掌握獨立主格結構的構成方式；在句子中的作用以及with復合結構。
【教法指引】非謂語動詞包括不定式、v-ing形式和過去分詞，是高中英語學習的難點，也是高考考查的重點。高中英語非謂語動詞是一個重要考點，教師在引導學生復習備考中要注意重點突出、訓練得當，尤其是對以下要點的復習： 1.不定式、現在分詞與過去分詞的用法區別；2.非謂語動詞的主動式與被動式；3.非謂語動詞完成式的用法；4.非謂語動詞用作伴隨狀語；5.非謂語動詞用作目的狀語；6.非謂語動詞用作結果狀語；7.非謂語動詞用作賓語補足語；8.非謂語動詞的邏輯主語問題；9.非謂語動詞用作主語的問題；10.“(be+)過去分詞+介詞”結構；11.動名詞的復合結構和there be結構的非謂語動詞形式。
對于獨立主格結構的復習，教師必須要講清它的構成方式和在句子中的作用以及與with復合結構和分詞之間的辨析的關系。【知識網絡】 非謂語動詞用法
非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和現在分詞。為了區分這三種不同的非謂語動詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語動詞在句子中做主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語以及一些特殊結構句型等角度來區分其用法和細微含義。1．不定式和動名詞作主語的區別
(1)動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作；而不定式作主語表示具體動作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．這里禁止抽煙。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。(具體)(2)動名詞作主語時，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經驗。不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(經驗)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。(經驗)(3）不定式做主語，一般用it當形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的區別(1)不定式作表語
1)不定式作表語一般表示具體動作，特別是表示將來的動作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做兩件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建議是立刻開始干。2）如果主語是不定式（表示條件），表語也是不定式（表示結果）。To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。
To work means to earn a living．工作就是為了生活。
3)如果主語是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導的名詞性從句，不定式作表語是對主語起補充說明 作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不遠的將來買一輛豪華轎車。
The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．(2)動名詞作表語：動名詞作表語，表示抽象的一般性的行為。Our work is serving the people．我們的工作是為人民服務。His hobby is collecting stamps．他的愛好是集郵。(注)動名詞作表語時與進行時態中的現在分詞形式相同，但其所屬結構迥異，進行時態說明動作是由主語完成的。動名詞做表語，說明主語的性質或情況。
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．(3)分詞作表語
分詞做表語有兩種情況，一種是現在分詞做表語，一種是過去分詞做表語，這兩者區別是考試中經常考到的地方。一般來說，表示心理狀態的動詞如excite，interest等都是及物動詞，漢語意思不是“激動”，“高興”，而是“使激動”、“使高興”，因而現在分詞應該是“令人激動的”、“令人高興的”，過去分詞則是“感到激動的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人??的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到??”都用-ed形式。換句話說，若人對??感興趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有興趣時，就是說sb./sth.is interesting.這類詞常見的有： interesting使人感到高興--interested感到高興的 exciting令人激動的--excited感到激動的 delighting令人高興的--delighted感到高興的 disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人費解的--puzzled感到費解的 satisfying令人滿意的---satisfied感到滿意的 surprising令人驚異的--surprised感到驚異的 worrying令人擔心的--worried感到擔心的
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要學生學得太多，他們會感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing．他的論點很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news．聽到這個消息，他們非常激動。3．不定式和動名詞作賓語的區別
英語中大多數動詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動名詞作直接賓語，但有些動詞要求：(1)不定式做賓語和賓語補足語 1)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓語 【口訣記憶】
決心學會想希望，拒絕設法愿假裝，主動答應選計劃 同意請求幫一幫，愿望似乎就沒有，碰巧承擔常努力。attempt企圖 enable能夠 neglect忽視 afford負擔得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 begin開始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 appear似乎，顯得 determine決定 manage設法 cease停止 hate憎恨，厭惡 pretend假裝 ask問 dread害怕 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love愛 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg請求 fail不能 plan計劃
bother擾亂；煩惱 forget忘記 prefer喜歡，寧愿 care關心，喜歡 happen碰巧 prepare準備 decide決定 learn學習regret抱歉，遺憾 choose選擇 hesitate猶豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承諾，允許 start開始 undertake承接 want想要 consent同意，贊同 intend想要 refuse拒絕 decide決定 learn學習vow起
contrive設法，圖謀 incline有?傾向 propose提議 seek找，尋覓 try試圖
2)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓補：動詞+賓語+動詞不定式 ask要求，邀請 get請，得到 prompt促使 allow允許 forbid禁止 prefer喜歡，寧愿 announce宣布 force強迫 press迫使 bride 收買 inspire鼓舞 request請求 assist協助 hate憎惡 pronounce斷定，表示 advise勸告 exhort告誡，勉勵 pray請求
authorize授權，委托 help幫助 recommend勸告，推薦 bear容忍 implore懇求 remind提醒 beg請求 induce引誘 report報告
compel強迫 invite吸引，邀請，summon傳喚 command命令 intend想要，企圖 show 顯示 drive驅趕 mean意欲，打算 train訓練 cause引起 instruct指示 require要求 deserve應受 leave使，讓 tell告訴 direct指導 like喜歡 tempt勸誘 entitle有資格 order命令 warn告誡 enable使能夠 need需要 urge激勵，力說 encourage鼓勵 oblige不得不 want想要 condemn指責，譴責 lead引起，使得 teach教 entreat懇求 permit允許 wish希望(2)有少數動詞只能用動名詞作賓語 【口訣記憶】
考慮建議盼原諒，避免錯過繼續練，否認完成就欣賞 禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準逃亡
acknowledge承認，自認 cease 停止 mention說到，講到 admit 承認 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜歡，討厭 advocate：提倡，主張 complete完成 dread可怕 appreciate 感激，欣賞 confess坦白 endure忍受 avoid避免 contemplate細想 enjoy享有，喜愛 bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒
can't help不禁 delay延遲 escape逃跑，逃避 can't stand受不了 deny否認 excuse借口 consider 考慮 detest嫌惡 fancy幻想，愛好 favor 造成，偏愛 mind 介意 repent悔悟 figure描繪，計算 miss錯過 resent怨恨
finish完成，結束不得 pardon原諒，饒恕 resist抵抗，阻止 forgive原諒 permit 允許 resume恢復 imagine設想 postpone延遲，延期 risk冒險
involve卷入，包含 practise 實行，實踐 suggest建議 hate討厭 prevent阻止 save營救，儲蓄 keep保持 quit放棄停止 stand堅持，忍受 loathe非常討厭，厭惡 recall回想
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激兩年前給我出國學習的機會。
(3)有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別 【口訣記憶】 想起忘記常后悔
1）forget to do 忘記要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發生）2）stop to do 停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或經常做的事 3）remember to do 記住去做某事（未做）remember doing記得做過某事(已做)4)regret to do對要做的事遺憾 regret doing對做過的事遺憾、后悔 5）try to do努力、企圖做某事 try doing試驗、試一試某種辦法 6)mean to do打算，有意要? mean doing意味著
7）go on to do 繼而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 繼續（原先沒有做完的事情）8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）proposing doing建議（做某事）9)like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具體行為；+doing sth 表示抽象、傾向概念（注)如果這些動詞前有should一詞，其后賓語只跟不定式，不能跟動名詞。例如： I should like to see him tomorrow．
10)need, want, deserve +動名詞表被動意義；+不定式被動態表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不記得以前見過那個人嗎? You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要記著是明天動身。
I don't regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔給她講過我的想法。(已講過)I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice．我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實在沒辦法。(未做但要做)You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心。
Let's try doing the work some other way．讓我們試一試用另外一種辦法來做這工作。I didn't mean to hurt your feeling．我沒想要傷害你的感情。
This illness will mean(your)going to hospital．得了這種病(你)就要進醫院。4．不定式、現在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區別(1）不定式作定語
1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一個離開教室的。The train to arrive was from London．將要到站的火車是從倫敦開來的。2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動賓關系 Get him something to eat．給他拿點兒東西吃。
She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做。
3)不及物動詞構成的不定式做定語，要加上適當的介詞和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動賓關系，這里的介詞不能省去。
I need a pen to write with．我需要一支筆寫字。There is nothing to worry about．沒有什么值得發愁的。
4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時間、機會、權利等抽象名詞如： ability能力，本領 drive趕，駕駛 movement運動，活動 ambition抱負，野心 effort努力，嘗試 need需要，需求 campaign戰役，運動 failure失敗，不及格 opportunity機會 chance機會 force力，壓力，要點 promise許諾，希望 courage勇氣 intention意向，意圖 reason理由，原因 decision決定 method方法，方式 light光，光線，亮光
determination決心，決定 motive動機，目的 struggle奮斗，努力，tendency傾向，趨勢 wish希望，愿望，祝愿
5）被修飾的名詞前有序數詞、形容詞最高級或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定詞時候，只能用不定式。
6）不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等習慣上用不定式做定語。John will do anything but work on a farm．除了農活，約翰什么都愿意干。
7）如果其動詞要求用不定式做賓語，或者其形容詞要求不定式做補語，則相應的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如： tend to do---tendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to do His wish to buy a car came true．他要買輛車的愿望實現了。Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us． 他們放棄這個實驗的決定使我們大吃一驚。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave． 他總是第一個到來，最后一個離去。(2)分詞作定語
分詞作定語時有下面幾個特點：
1)現在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞一般表示被動含意。2)現在分詞表示正在進行，過去分詞表示狀態或做完(完成)的事。He rushed into the burning house．他沖進了正在燃燒著的房子。
The child standing over there is my brother．站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房間是我們的教室。Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那個修好的表了嗎? He is an advanced teacher．他是個先進教師。
3）下列不及物動詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語，但不具有被動意義，這點要注意： departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come(3)不定式和分詞作定語時的時間關系 一般來說，不定式所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后；現在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生；過去分詞表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。例如：
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要見那位將從北京請來的醫生嗎？
Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要見那位正在辦公室里寫病歷的醫生嗎？ 5．不定式和分詞作狀語的區別
（1）現在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區別。
現在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動與被動關系的區別。
1）現在分詞作狀語時，現在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作，它們之間的關系是主動關系。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后將門隨手關上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。
2）過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關系是被動關系。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果對這些樹多關心一些，它們本來會長得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困難的時候，我們必須設法克服。(2)動詞不定式和分詞作狀語的區別
1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨，而不定式常常表示目的。
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他們站在路邊談論著這個計劃。(伴隨)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他們站在路邊為的是談論這個計劃。(目的)2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭，除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時，除了表示目的以外，還表示結果或原因。Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在專心讀書，他忘了吃午飯的時間。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔細讀書時，發現了一些從前不知道的東西。(時間)Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔細閱讀，你會學到一些新的東西。(條件)His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太窮，不能維持他的生活。(結果)The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．這男孩個子不夠高，手伸不到書架。(結果)We are glad to hear the news．我們很高興聽到這消息。(原因)（3）下面一些句型是不定式做狀語時候應該注意的：
a：not/never too?to, too?not to , but/only too? to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義
b：做結果狀語的不定式只能出現在句子的末尾，常見的不定式動詞有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。
c：不定式做狀語時，其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語，否則用for引導主語。6．非謂語動詞常考的其它結構（1)疑問詞+不定式結構
疑問詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可構成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以用作主語、賓語、表語和雙重賓語。如：
When to start has not been decided．何時動身尚未決定。(主語)I don't know what to do．我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語)The difficulty was how to cross the river．困難在于如何過河。(表語)I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告訴你哪里可以買到此書。（雙重賓語）注）A.有時疑問詞前可用介詞，如：
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。
B.動詞know 后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語，只能跟疑問詞（如：how, what）+不定式： While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.(2)介詞except和but作“只有?，只能?”講時跟不定式結構（but與不帶to的不定式 連用）。
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.(3)不帶to的不定式
1）在表示生理感覺的動詞后的不定式不帶to。這類詞有： feel 覺得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear聽到 watch注視 listen to聽 perceive察覺，感知 notice注意 see看見 look at看 hear聽
On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue.2)另一類是某些使役動詞，如make, let，have等。如： Let him do it.讓他做吧。
I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了。(注)：
①上述感覺動詞與使役動詞轉換為被動結構時．其后的不定式一般需帶to，如： He was seen to come．
The boy was made to go to bed early.②在動詞find與help之后，不定式可帶to亦可不帶to，如: He was surprised to find the sheep(to)break fence at this season．他發現羊在此季節越出柵欄，感到驚訝。
3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)結構中。例如：
Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上，我除了看電視別的什么也沒有干。但是，如果謂語動詞不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶。
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．醫生除了讓他戒煙，其它什么都沒有說。
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外，他們沒有別有別的辦法。
（4）不定式與動名詞的邏輯主語和分詞獨立結構
1)不定式的邏輯主語為：for +名詞(或代詞賓格)+ 不定式。例如： I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我發現他—個人干這活是不可能的。
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容詞后面，常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語。例如： It was wise of him to do that．他那樣做是明智的。
2)動名詞的邏輯主語為；①人稱代詞的所有格+動名詞；②名詞's+動名詞。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他堅持要我和他們一起去。He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。
3)某些形容詞，如：careless等不定式后可以加of來引導出其邏輯主語。這類詞主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 It is very kind of you to help me．你幫助我太好了。
間或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遺憾了公司里有這么多的麻煩。
7．非謂語動詞中的有關句型（1）動名詞作主語的句型
1）Doing...+ v.Reading is an art.閱讀是門藝術。Seeing is believing.眼見為實。2)It is + no use, no good(fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名詞+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭沒有用。It is no good objecting.反對也沒有用。It is a great fun playing football．打籃球很有趣。
It is a waste of time trying to explain．設法解釋是浪費時間。
3)It is + useless(nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容詞)+ doing sth． It is useless speaking.光說沒用。
It is nice seeing you again．真高興又遇到了你。It is good Playing chess after supper．晚飯后弈棋挺好。It is expensive running this car．開這種小車是浪費。8.非謂語動詞的特殊結構
有些非謂語形式已成為固定用語，用來表示說話人對說話內容所特的態度。1）現在分詞的獨立結構
judging from / by?, generally speaking, strictly speaking 2)不定式的獨立結構
to tell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin / start with 3)動詞原形： Believe it or not(信不信由你)4)作連詞的分詞considering（考慮到，就?而言），providing / provided ?假如，supposing 假如 這些詞用來表示條件的連詞，后接that 從句。
獨立主格結構
一、概念：
“獨立主格結構”是由名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語，加上分詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式或介詞短語作為邏輯謂語構成。這種結構在形式上與主句沒有關系，通常稱為“獨立主格結構”。
二、功能：
“獨立主格結構”實質就是帶有自己主語的非限定狀語從句。眾所周知非限定性從句通常以主句的某一成分作為自己的邏輯主語，從而依附于主句。而有些非限定性從句和無動詞從句帶有自己的主語，在結構上與主句不發生關系，因此成為獨立主格結構。其實，雖然叫做獨立主格結構，并不是真正的獨立，它還是一種從屬分句，在句中有多種作用。如：表原因、表條件、表方式、表伴隨、表時間等，在句中通常起狀語作用。
三、形式：
獨立主格結構在形式上有兩部分組成：第一部分有名詞或代詞擔任，第二部分由分詞、動詞不定式、形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語擔任。按其結構形式分為：—ing 分詞獨立主格結構；—ed分詞獨立主格結構；無動詞獨立主格結構等。
四、舉例：
1、There being nothing else to do, they gone away.由于無事可做，他們離開了。（代詞＋－ing;表原因）
2、Miss Wang come into the classroom, books in hand.王老師走進教室，手里拿著書。（無動詞結構；表伴隨）
3、The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.老人坐在椅子上，閉著眼睛。（名詞＋－ed;表狀態）
4、Class over, we began to play basketball.放學了，我們開始玩籃球。（名詞＋副詞；表時間）
5、Without a word more spoken, he picked up the paper.沒再多說一個字，他拾起那張紙。（借此結構；表伴隨）
6、The last guest to arrive, our party was started.最后一位客人到了，我們的晚會開始了。（名詞＋不定式；表時間）
五、獨立主格結構與分詞短語作狀語的異同：
1、獨立主格結構與分詞短語都可以轉化成狀語從句。但是，獨立主格結構轉換成狀語從句后，有自己的邏輯主語，與主句的主語不一致；而分詞短語轉化為狀語從句后，從句的主語與主句的主語相同。例：
⑴ If time permit, we’d better have a rest at this weekend.－→Time permitting，we’d better have a rest at this weekend.如果時間允許，本周末我們最好休息一下。
⑵ When we see from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.－→Seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.從頂樓上看，花園更漂亮。
2、還應該注意，分詞結構的邏輯主語不是總和主句的主語一致，而是主句的其他成分。語法上稱作“依著原則”；有些分詞結構在句子上找不到它的邏輯主語，語法上稱作“懸垂分詞”。例：
⑴ Looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long time.在屋里找表，用了我很長時間。(依著原則)⑵ When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the root.(我們)種花時必須小心，不能碰壞花根。（懸垂分詞）
六、獨立主格結構與獨立成分的異同：
1、有的分詞短語可以獨立存在，在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語，實際上已經成了習慣短語。這些短語有：generally speaking;frankly speaking;judging from;supposing等等。例：
⑴ Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.總的來說，這個規則很容易懂。
⑵ Judging from what he said, she must be an honest girl.根據他所說的，她一定很誠實。
2、有些固定短語是帶to的不定式，表明說話人的立場和態度，在句中作獨立成分。這些短語有：to be honest;to be sure;to tell you the truth;to cut a long story short;to be frank;to make the matter worse等等。例：
⑴ To tell you the truth, what I said at the meeting was not my opinion.說實話，我在會上說的并不是我的意見。
⑵ To make the matter worse, he locked his keys in the car.更糟糕的是，他把鑰匙鎖在車里了
七、非謂語動詞獨立主格結構
在獨立主格結構中，非謂語動詞和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關系。Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.有這么能干的人來幫你, 你遲早一定會成功的。（such an able man和 to help you 之間存在著主謂關系）
= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在書桌旁坐好后，他母親開始給他講故事。（seating himself at the desk擁有了自己的邏輯主語he，注意是“主格”）
= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丟了自行車鑰匙，他只好步行去學校。（lost 的邏輯主語是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost）
= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.A．不定式“獨立主格結構”
在“邏輯主語+動詞不定式”結構中，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關系。這種結構也可用一個從句或并列分句來表達。1．動詞不定式用主動的形式
在獨立主格結構中，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關系。His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.他母親今晚要來,他正在忙著準備飯菜。（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.）
——will you go to the concert tonight 你今晚去聽音樂會嗎？ ——sorry.So many exercise-books to check, I really can't afford any time.對不起，有這多的作業要批，我真的抽不出時間。
（＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight ,I really can't afford any time.）
The four of us agreed on a division of labour , each to translate a quarter of the book.我們四人同意分工干，每人翻譯全書的四分之一。
（＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.）
Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.種上許多的樹，花和草后，我們新建的學校將看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)B．-ing形式“獨立主格結構”
動詞的-ing形式作狀語時，其邏輯主語一般應與句子的主語保持一致。Being ill, he went home.由于生病,他回家了。（= As he was very ill, he went home.）Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.在課桌旁坐好后，他開始看雜志。（= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.）
1． 表示時間的-ing形式作“獨立主格結構”
Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.每個人都準備好后，老師開始上課。（相當于一個時間狀語從句When everyone was ready)The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.每個人坐好后，主席開始開會。（相當于一個時間狀語從句after everyone was seated）2． 表示原因的-ing形式作“獨立主格結構”
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.由那個男孩帶路，我們沒有困難就找到了那奇怪的洞。（相當于一個原因狀語從句Because the boy led the way）Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.許多眼睛看著他，他感到有點兒緊張。（相當于一個原因狀語從句As many eyes were watching him）必背：
含有being的獨立主格結構。
It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded.今天是國慶節,街上很擁擠。
= As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.沒有別的事可討論，我們都回家了。
= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.3． 表示條件的-ing形式作“獨立主格結構”
Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.時間允許的話，我們下星期將進行一次野炊。（相當于一個條件狀語從句If time permits)My health allowing, I will work far into the night.我的健康許可的話，我愿工作到深夜。（相當于一個條件狀語從句If my health allows）4． 表示方式的-ing形式作“獨立主格結構”
The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.學生們快樂地在學校里走著，每個人胸前都帶著一張卡。（相當于一個并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest）
The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看著天空。（相當于一個并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）
C．-ed形式“獨立主格結構”
與邏輯主語+動詞的-ing形式一樣，如果-ed形式的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致的話，就需要用-ed形式的獨立主格結構。
The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.該書是用簡單英語寫的，英語初學者也能看懂。
= As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it.The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人們的生活條件大大提高，他們工作得更起勁了。
= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上課專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。
= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.The task completed, he had two months' leave.任務完成以后，他休了兩個月的假。（=When the task had been completed, he had two months' leave.）比較：
動詞不定式表示動作沒有發生或即將發生，動詞-ed形式表示動作已經結束，動詞-ing形式往往表示動作正在進行。
The manager looks worried，many things to settle.經理看上去很著急, 有這么多的事情要處理。（事情還沒有處理，而且是由經理本人來處理，用不定式to settle）The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.許多事情已經處理好了，經理看上去很輕松。（事情已經處理好了，用動詞-ed形式settled表示動作已經結束）
The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.小孩一邊做飯，一邊看電視。（兩個動作同時進行）
The food cooked, the boy went to bed.飯做好了，小孩去睡了。（兩個動作有先后，飯已做好，小孩才去睡覺的
八、with、without 引導的獨立主格結構
介詞with/without +賓語+賓語的補足語可以構成獨立主格結構，上面討論過的獨立主格結構的幾種情況在此結構中都能體現。A． with+名詞代詞+形容詞
He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.他不喜歡開著窗子睡覺。
= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中，衣服濕透了。
= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.注意：
在“with+名詞代詞+形容詞”構成的獨立主格結構中，也可用已形容詞化的-ing形式或-ed形式。
With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.由于兒子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快樂。
With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.父親如此出名，兒子不想讀書。B． with+名詞代詞+副詞
Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的燈都打開時，我們的學校看上去更美。
= Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父親在前，小孩在后走著。
= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.C． with+名詞代詞+介詞短語
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.或 He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在門口，手里拿著一部電腦。
= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.或 Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.文森特坐在課桌前，嘴里銜著一支筆。
= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.D． with+名詞代詞+動詞的-ed形式
With his homework done, Peter went out to play.作業做好了，彼得出去玩了。
= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.With the signal given, the train started.信號發出了，火車開始起動了。
= After the signal was given, the train started.I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.工作還沒完成，我不敢回家。
= I wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished.E． with+名詞代詞+動詞的-ing形式
The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.有這么多的孩子坐在他周圍，那男子感到很高興。
= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起來，沒有人知道它在哪里。
= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.他趁沒人注意的時候，從窗口溜走了。
= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.F． with+名詞代詞+動詞不定式
The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.有這么多的家庭作業要做，小男孩看上去很不開心。
= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有這么多的名勝可參觀，小孩很激動。
The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.提示：
在with/without 的復合結構中，多數情況下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她沒再說什么話就離開了會議室。（without不能省略）
九、獨立主格結構的句法功能
獨立主格結構在句中除了能充當原因狀語、時間狀語、條件狀語和伴隨狀語外，還能作定語。在形式上，“獨立主格結構”可位于句首、句中或句尾，并通常用逗號與主句隔開。A．作狀語
獨立主格結構作狀語，其功能相當于一個狀語從句或并列分句。1．表示時間 Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.夜幕降臨，我們在一家小旅館住了下來。
（= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.）All the guests seated, they began their dinner.所有的客人就坐后，他們才開始吃飯。
（= When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.）With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.所需要的都買好后，格雷斯打的回家了。
（After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.）2．表示原因
With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.有許多難題要解決，新當選的總統日子不好過。
（= As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.）
There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.由于在半夜沒有交通工具了，他只好步行回家。
(= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)3．表示條件
Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.如果天氣允許的話，我們下星期將舉行每年一次的運動會。
（= If weather permits，we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.）All the work done, you can have a rest.所有工作做好后，你可以休息。
（=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.）
Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.如果從各方面考慮，你的計劃似乎更實際些。
（= If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.）提示：
表示時間、原因、條件的獨立主格結構一般放在句首，并且不能保留連詞。【誤】When class being over, the students left their classroom.【正】Class(being)over, the students left their classroom.下課了，學生都離開了教室。
【誤】The moon appearing and they continued their way.【正】The moon appearing, they continued their way.月亮出來了，他們繼續趕路。4．表示伴隨情況或補充說明
The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand.那個奇怪的男人在街上走著,手里拿著根手杖。
（= The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand.）The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.殺人犯被帶了進來，手被捆在背后。
（=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.）Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.有兩百人在事故中喪生，其中許多是兒童。
（Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children.）B．作定語
獨立主格結構作定語，其功能相當于一個定語從句。
He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled.(with 的復合結構作定語,修飾the student)他就是有許多問題要解決的那個人。
= He is the person who has a lot of questions to be settled.You can use a large plastic bottle with its top cut off.(with 的復合結構作定語,修飾bottle)你可以使用一個頸被砍掉的大塑料瓶。
= You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut off.He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.他走在一條兩邊沒有路燈的馬路上。(without的復合結構作定語,修飾the road)= He was walking along the road that didn’t have any street lights on its both sides.提示：
在這里我們討論了很多用連詞連接的兩個句子改為獨立主格結構的情況。需要提示的是，不 是所有用連詞的地方都可以改為獨立主格結構。
If you stand on the top of the mountain，the park looks more beautiful.如果你站在山頂上, 公園看上去更美。（不要改為獨立主格結構）
If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be avoided.如果你仔細檢查試卷的話，有些錯誤是可以避免的。（不要改為獨立主格結構）
第三篇：2011高考二輪復習英語教案：名詞和冠詞
2011高考二輪復習英語教案：名詞和冠詞（2）
【專題考案】
1．The little boy often has____ big breakfast，so he looks really strong.A．the
B．／
C．a
D an 2．October l st is___ National Day of ____ People’s Republic of china.A．a；the
B．／；／
C．／；the
D the；／
3．Things of_____ kind come together；people of ____kind fall into __ same group A．the；the；the
B．a；a；the
C．the；the；a
D a；a；a 4．Mr.BIack went to ____cinema last Sunday，while his wife went to ______church． A．the；the
B．／；／
C．／；the
D the；／ 5．He is____ friend of____ writer’s.A．／：the
B．a；the
C．a；a
D a；／ 6．—What is the population of China?
—China has ____population of l．3 billion．
A．the；the
B．a；a
C．a；the
D the；a 7．一 What in ____ world do you like most in _____ world? 一 I hope _____ world is _____peaceful and fair world.A．the；the；the；the
B．／；the；the；／ C．／；the；the；a
D．the；the；the；a 8．As we all know．____life is hard for any of us.If we live___ happy life，we must all work harder.A．／：／
B．／；a
C．a；／
D．a；a 9.______recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S.would be higher than the number of English speaker by_____ year 2090.A, the
B.A, /
C.The ,/
D.The, a 10.If you go by ______train ,you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure you get _____fast one.A./, /
B./, a
C.the, a
D./,/ 11.It is often said that ____teachers have _______very easy life.A /,/
B./,a
C.the,/
D.the, a 12.I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left _____city ,I only remember it was ______ Monday.。A.the , the
B.a ,the
C.a, a
D.the, a
第1頁（共9頁）
13.If you grow up in ______large family ,you are more likely to develop _____ability to get on well with ______others.A./,an the
B.a, the ,/
C.the ,an ,the
D.a, the ,the
14.Mrs ,Taylor has ___8-year-old daughter who has _____gift for painting –she has won two national prizes.A.a，a
B.an，the
C.an，a
D.the，a 15.After dinner he gave Mr.Richardson ________ride to ________Capital Airport.A.the, a
B.a.the
C./, a
D./, the
16.On May 5,2005,at ___World Table Tennis Championship ,Kong Ling hui and WangHao won the gold medal in men’s with ____score of 4:1.A.a ,a
B./ the
C.a ,/
D.the ,a 17.I knew ______John Lennon ,but not ____famous one.A./,a
B.a ,the
C./,the
D.the, a
18.The book tells ____life story of John Smith ,who left _______school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.A.the, the
B.a , the
C.the./
D.a,/
19.When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to _____hotel;I can find you ______bed in my flat.the ,a
B.the,/
C.a ,the
D.a,/ 20.If you buy more than ten, they will knock 20 pence off________.A.a price
B.price
C.the price
D.prices
21.____on-going division between English –speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _______major concern of the country.A.The, /
B.The, a
C.An, the
D.An, / 22.When he left _____college ,he got a job as ______reporter in a newspaper office.A./, a
B /, the
C.a, the
D.the， the 23.The most important thing about cotton in history is ___part that it played in ____Industrial Revolution.A./,/
B.the,/
C.the , the
D.a ,the 24.While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope Newton made _______discovery which completely changed ____ man’s understanding of color.A.a ,/
B.a ,the
C./, the
D.the ,a 25.It is ___world of wonders, _____world where anything can happen.第2頁（共9頁）
A.a.the
B.a, a
C.the, a
D./,/ 26.The Wilsons live in ______A-shaped house near the coast.It is _______17th century cottage.A.the, /
B.an, the
C./, the
D.an ,a 27.Tom owns ______larger collection of ______books than any other student in our class.A.the ,/
B.a,/
C.a ,the
D./, the 28.For a long time they walked without saying ___word.Jim was the first t break _____silence.A.the, a
B.a ,the
C.a ,/
D.the,/ 29.There was ____time _____I hated t go to school.A.a ,that
B.a ,when
C.the ,that
D.the ,when
30.When you finish reading the book ,you will have ______better understanding of ______life., A.a, the
B.the.a
C./,the
D.a,/ 31.I earn 10dollars ____hours as ____supermarket cashier on Saturday.A.a, an
B.the ,a
C.an ,a
D.an ,the 32The sign reads ―in ease of___ fire ,break the glass and push _____red button‖ A./,a
B./,the
C.the ,the
D.a ,a 33.I don’t like talking on ______telephone;I prefer writing ____letter.A.a, the
B.the./
C.the ,the
D.A ,/ 34.Jumping out of ____airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _____exciting experience.A./, the
B./, an
C.an.an
D.the, the
35.One way to understand thousands of new words in gain _____good knowledge of basic word formation.A./
B.the
C.a
D.one 36.The cakes are delicious.He’d like have ______third one because _____second one is rather too small.A.a, a
B.the.the
C.a ,the
D.the ,a 37.A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in ____leg.A.a
B.one
C.the
D.his 38.The warmth of _____sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ___wool used.A.the, the
B.the ,/
C./, the
D./,/ 39.The financial crisis has put the world economy in a difficult _________.A.occasion
B.condition
C.evaluation
D.situation 40.—Paul has gone abroad to try his luck.—In my _______, his decision is not wise.第3頁（共9頁）
A.word
B.view
C.sight
D.way 41.—Jack Brown is very clever and he studies hard as well.—No ________ he comes out first in the exams.A.answer
B.question
C.wonder
D.problem 42.As is well known, the brain performs a very important _______, which controls the nerve system of the body.A.motion
B.action
C.function
D.fact 43.He managed to reach the summit of his career, but it was at the _________ of his health.A.consumption
B.credit
C.exhaustion D.expense 44.—She got her first science fiction published．It turned out to be _________.—when was that?
—It Was in 2008__________ she was still in college．
A.success;that
B.a success；when
C.success;when D.a success;that 45.US President Barack Obama is expecting the economy to show some _________ of recovery． A.attempts
B.signs
C.contents
D.waves 46.The_______is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.A.shoe’s shop
B.shoe shop
C.shoes shop
D.shoes’ shop 47.What the expert has said and done will be _______ to the department managers.A.value
B.benefit
C.of valuable
D.of benefit
48.Giving small children some money as a gift during the Spring Festival is a common ______ in China, which may seem strange to foreigners? A.sense
B.practice
C.ground
D.habit 49.__ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the US would be higher than the number of English speakers by __ year 2090.A.A, the
B.A, /
C.The , /
D.The, a
50.If you go by __ train, you can have a comfortable journey, but make sure you get __ fast one.A.the , the
B./, a
C.the , a
D./, / 51.It is often said that __ teachers have __ very easy life.A./, /
B./, a
C.the, /
D.the, a 52.I can’t remember when exactly the Robinson left __ city.I only remember it was __ Monday.A.the, the
B.a, the
C.a, a
D.the, a 53.If you grow up in __ large family, you are more likely to develop __ ability to get on well with __ others.第4頁（共9頁）
A./, an, the
B.a, the, /
C.the, an, the
D.a, the, the 54.Mrs.Taylor has __ 8 – year – old daughter who has __ gift for painting---she has won two national prizes.A.a, a
B.an, the
C, an, a
D.the, a 55.After dinner he gave Mr.Richardson __ ride to __ Capital Airport.A.the, a
B.a, the
C./, a
D./, the 56.On May 5, 2005, at __ World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in men’s doubles with __ score of 4:1.A.a, a
B./, the
C.a, /
D.the, a 57.I knew __ John Lennon, but not __ famous one.A./, a
B.a, the
C./, the
D.the, a
58.This book tells __ life story of John Smith, who left __ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.A.the, the
B.a, the
C.the, /
D.a, / 59.When you finish reading the book, you will have __ better understanding of __ life.A.a, the
B.the, a
C./, the
D.a, / 60.There was __ time __ I hated to go to school.A.a, that
B.a, when
C.the, that
D.the, when 61.For a long time they walked without saying __ word.Jim was the first to break __ silence.A.the, a
B, a, the
C.a, /
D.the, / 62.Tom owns __ larger collection of __ books than any other student in our class.A.the, /
B.a, /
C.a, the
D./, the 63.The Wilsons live in __ A – shaped house near the coast.It is __ 17th century cottage.A.the, /
B.an, the
C./, the
D.an, a 64.It is __ world of wonders, __ world where anything can happen.A.a, the
B.a, a
C.the, a
D./, / 65.While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made __ discovery which completely changed __ man’s understanding of color.A.a, /
B.a, the
C./, the
D.the, a 66.The most important thing about cotton in history is __ part that it played in __ Industrial Revolution.A./, /
B.the, /
C.the, the
D.a, the 67.When he left __ college, he got a job as __ reporter in a newspaper office.A./, a
B./, the
C.a, the
D.the, the
第5頁（共9頁）
68.__ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is __ major concern of the country.A.The, /
B.The, a
C.An, the
D.An, / 69.If you buy more than ten, they will knock 20 pence off __.A.a price
B.price
C.the price
D.prices 70.When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to __ hotel;I can find you __ bed in my flat.A.the, a
B.the, /
C.a, the
D.a, / 71.I earn 10 dollars __ hour as __ supermarket cashier on Saturday.A.a, an
B.the, a
C.an, a
D.an, the 72.The sign reads ―In case of __ fire, break the glass and push __ red button.‖
A./, a
B./, the
C.the, the
D.an, the 73.---Where is my blue shirt?---It’s in the washing machine.You have to wear __ different one.A.any
B.the
C.a
D.other 74.There’s __ dictionary on __ desk by your side.A.a, the
B.a, a
C.the, a
D.the, the
75.The cakes are delicious.He’d like to have __ third one because __ second one is rather too small.A.a, a
B.the, the
C.a, the
D.the, a 76.One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain __ good knowledge of basic word of formation.A./
B.the
C.a
D.one 77.Jumping out of __ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite __ exciting experience.A./, the
B./, an
C.an, an
D.the, the 78.I don’t like talking on __ telephone;I prefer writing __ letter.A.a, the
B.the, /
C.the, the
D.a, / 79.A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in __ leg.A.a
B.one
C.the
D.his 80.The warmth of __ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of __ wool used.A.the, the
B.the,/
C./, the
D./, / 81.Mr.Smith, there’s a man at __ front door who says he has __ news for you of great importance.A.the, /
B.the, the
C./, /
D./, the 82.There are only twelve _____in the hospital.第6頁（共9頁）
A．woman doctors
B．women doctors C．women doctor
D．woman doctor 83.Mr Smith has two______ , both of whom are teachers in a school.A．brothers-in-law
B．brother-in-laws C．brothers-in-laws
D．brothers-in law 84.——How many ______does a cow have? ——Four.A．stomaches
B．stomach C．stomachs
D．stomachies 85.Some visited our school last Wednesday.A．German B．Germen
C．Germans
D．Germens 86.The______of the building are covered with lots of
.A．roofs;leaves B．rooves;leafs C．roof;leaf
D．roofs;leafs 87.When the farmer returned home he found three _______ missing.A．sheeps B．sheepes
C．sheep
D．sheepies 88.That was a fifty _____engine.A．horse power
B．horses power C．horse powers
D．horses powers 89.My father often gives me
.A．many advice B．much advice C．a lot of advices
D．a few advice 90.Mary broke a ______while she was washing up.A．tea cup B．a cup of tea
C．tea’s cup
D．cup tea 91.Can you give us some _______about the writer? A．informations
B．information C．piece of informations
D．pieces information 92.I had a cup of ______and two pieces of ______this morning.A．teas;bread
B．teas;breads C．tea;breads
D．tea;bread 93.As is known to us all, _______travels much faster than
.A．lights;sounds
B．light;sound C．sound;light
D．sounds;lights 94.She told him of all her _____and _____
.第7頁（共9頁）
A．hope;fear
B．hopes;fear C．hopes;fears
D．hope;fears 95.The rising ______did a lot of ______to the crops.A．water;harm
B．water;harms C．waters;harm
D．waters;harms 96.——How far away is it from here to your school? ——It’s about ________..A．half an hour’s drive
B．half hours drives C．half an hour drives
D．half an hour drive 97.The shirt isn’t mine.It’s______.A．Mrs Smith
B．Mrs’ Smith C．Mrs Smiths’
D．Mrs Smith’s
98.Miss Johnson is a friend of_______..A．Mary’s mother
B．Mary’s mothers’ C．Mary mother’s
D．Mary’s mother’s
99.Last week I called at my_________..A．aunt B．aunts
C．aunt’s
D．auntes’
100.The beach is a ______throw.A．stone
B．stones
C．stones’
D．stone’s
101.I can hardly imagine ______sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A．Peter’
B．Peter
C．Peters D．Peters’
第8頁（共9頁）
參考答案
1-5 CCBDB
6-10 DDBAB 11-15 BDBCB
16-20 DBCAC
21-25 BACAB 26-30 DBBBD 31-35 DBBCC 36-40 CCBDB 41-45 CCDDB 46-50 BDBAB 51-55BDBCB
56-60 DBCDB 61-65 BBDBA 66-70 CABCA 71-75 CBCAC 76-80 CCBCB 81-85 A BACC.86-90 ACABA 91-95BDBCC 96-100 ADDCD 101 B
第9頁（共9頁）
第四篇：2010高考二輪復習英語教案
2010高考二輪復習英語教案
專題十四 強調句、省略句、插入語
【專題要點】強調句、省略句、插入語要點概覽：1.強調句型―It is/was----that----‖的用法。強調句型的特殊疑問句；2.it強調句型與定語從句、狀語從句的區別；3.動詞不定式的省略；4.狀語從句中的省略，―連詞+分詞‖的省略現象；5.常用插入語：by the way 順便說，順便問一下；so far 到目前為止；and so on 等等；on the contrary 相反； no wonder 不足為奇；as a matter of fact 事實上；come along 快點，來吧；in other words 換句話說；as usual 如同以往；as a result 因此，結果。【考綱要求】按照考綱要求，考生應能夠恰當地使用詞語和強調句式對表達的內容進行強調，近幾年的高考試題主要考查考生對謂語動詞的強調的理解和強調句型的靈活使用，考查復合句中的強調句式；按照考試大綱的要求，考生應掌握英語省略的一些基本原則，在行文中正確地使用省略；而近幾年的高考試題主要考查定語從句、賓語從句、狀語從句、簡單句中和交際語境中的省略；按照考綱要求依據不同語境能正確使用插入語，分析近幾年的高考題多以考查短語的形式，在交際用語中或句中進行辨析。
【教法指引】仔細研究近年高考題，我們不難發現強調句、省略句、插入語倍受出題者的青睞。在近五年的高考試卷中強調句、省略句已經成為高考熱點。命題者加大了對句子結構復雜程度和知識面的考查，同時注重考查知識之間的交叉和語法知識的力度。這就要求教師在平時引導考生在復習和備考中注意總結，全面把握，深入研究。具體說把握強調句以下四大考點：（1）考查強調句式的基本結構
（2）考查含有―not…until…‖句型的強調句式（3）考查強調句式的疑問句（4）考查強調句式的正確判斷
省略是高考英語考試大綱要求掌握的的語法項目之一，雖然不是每年必考項目，但不少省份有所涉及省略這一語法項目。從命題的趨勢來看，更側重考查省略在交際中的功能，考查語法知識間的交叉使用。因此教師在引導考生復習備考中要注意以下幾個方面：
1.狀語從句中的省略。當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致，或從句的主語是it，且有系動詞be的任何形式時，可以省略狀語從句的主語和系動詞be。常見的連詞有：as，if, as if, once, though, whether, when, while, unless等等。2.有關to的省略。
（1）在can‘t but，can‘t not help but, can not choose but之后的動詞不定式一般不帶to，but之前有實義動詞do的某種形式do，does，did，done時，也不帶to；（2）當主語或修飾主語的定語從句中有動詞do的某種形式時，用作表語的不定式可以省略。如：All I did is（to）give him a lesson.（3）由why，why not引導的特殊疑問句，后跟省略to的動詞不定式。
（4）have，make，see，hear，notice，observe等后接不帶to的動詞不定式 ；
（5）為避免句子重復，承前省略動詞原形，而保留不定式符號to，但是有助動詞be或have時，則要保留be或have。3.在if引導的虛擬條件句中
在if引導的虛擬條件句中含有had，were，should時，可以把had，were，should放在句首且省略if。
4.在限制性定語從句中的省略
在限制性定語從句中作賓語的關系代詞that、which、whom可以省略；在以the same...as和such...as引導的定語從句中，可以省略與主句相同的部分；the way后面的定語從句中，可以省略that或in which。
教師在引導考生復習備考中按照大綱中要求熟練掌握的常用作插入語的詞語
在英語學習中，插入語是一個比較重要的知識點。由于插入語是一種獨立成分，通常與句中其他成分沒有語法上的關系，許多同學在學習過程中會有一定的困難。其實，插入語大都是對一句話進行附加說明或解釋，通常由一個詞、一個短語或一個句子構成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗號或破折號與句子隔開，按照大綱要求熟練記憶一下常用短語和用法如： by the way 順便說，順便問一下；so far 到目前為止；and so on 等等；on the contrary 相反； no wonder 不足為奇；as a matter of fact 事實上；come along 快點，來吧；in other words 換句話說；as usual 如同以往；as a result 因此，結果。【知識網絡】
強調句的用法
（一）強調句句型
1、陳述句的強調句型：It is/ was + 被強調部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+ that/ who（當強調主語且主語指人）+ 其它部分。It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2、一般疑問句的強調句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。
Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
3、特殊疑問句的強調句型：被強調部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？
When and where was it that you were born?
4、強調句例句：針對I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子進行強調。
強調主語：It was I that(who)met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.強調賓語：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.強調地點狀語：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.強調時間狀語：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5、注意：構成強調句的it本身沒有詞義；強調句中的連接詞一般只用that, who，即使在強調時間狀語和地點狀語時也如此，that, who不可省略；強調句中的時態只用兩種，一般現在時和一般過去時。原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進行時，用It was …，其余的時態用It is …。
（二）not … until … 句型的強調句
1、句型為：It is/ was not until + 被強調部分 + that + 其它部分 普通句：He didn‘t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.強調句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強調句型，till, until可通用；因為句型中It is/ was not … 已經是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
（三）謂語動詞的強調
1、It is/ was … that … 結構不能強調謂語，如果需要強調謂語時，用助動詞do/ does或did。Do sit down.務必請坐。
He did write to you last week.上周他確實給你寫了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street.過馬路時，務必（千萬）要小心啊！
2、注意：此種強調只用do/ does和did，沒有別的形式；過去時用did，后面的謂語動詞用原形。省略句用法
為了使講話和行文簡潔，句中某些成分有時可省略。省略可分以下幾種情況：
（一）簡單句中的省略
1、省略主語：祈使句中主語通常省略。其它省略主語多限于少數現成的說法。(I)Thank you for your help.（括號內為省略的詞語，下同）(I)see you tomorrow.(It)Doesn‘t matter.2、省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分。
(There is)No smoking.(Is there)Anything wrong? Why(do you)not say hello to him?
3、省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留to。
----Are you going there?----I‘d like to(go there).He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to(give me the chance).注意：如果該賓語是be動詞或完成時態，則須在to之后加上be或have。----Are you an engineer?----No, but I want to be.----He hasn‘t finished the task yet.----Well, he ought to have.4、省略表語。
----Are you thirsty?----Yes, I am(thirsty).5、同時省略幾個成分。
Let‘s meet at the same place as(we met)yesterday.----Have you finished your work?----(I have)Not(finished my work)yet.（二）并列句中的省略
兩個并列分句中，后一個分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。My father is a doctor and my mother(is)a nurse.I study at college and my sister(studies)at high school.（三）主從復合句中的省略
1、主句中有一些成分被省略。(I‘m)Sorry to hear that you are ill.(It is a)Pity that he missed such a good chance.2、省略了一個從句或從句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。----Is he coming back tonight?----I think so.----Is he feeling better today?----I‘m afraid not.這種用法常見的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so.He said so 及I suppose not.I believed not.I hope not等。（但I don‘t think so比I think not更常用）。
（四）其它省略
1、連詞that的省略： ①、賓語從句中常省略連詞that，但也有不能省略的情況（參看―名詞性從句‖等有關部分）。②、在定語從句中，that在從句中作賓語時可省略。③、引導主語從句、同位語從句等的連詞that一般不可省略。在表語從句中偶爾可省略。
2、不定式符號to的省略 ①、并列的不定式可省去后面的to。
I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.②、某些使役動詞（如let, make, have）及感官動詞（如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, look at和listen to等）后面作賓語補足的不定式一定要省去to，但在被動語態中須把to復原。----I saw the boy fall from the tree.----The boy was seen to fall from the tree.③、介詞but前若有動詞do，后面的不定式不帶to。The boy did nothing but play.3、在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語與主句主語一致時，可省去―主語 + be‖部分。（參看―狀語從句‖有關部分）
4、連詞if在部分虛擬條件句中可省略，但后面的語序有變化（參見―倒裝句‖有關部分）
5、主句與從句各有一些成分省略。
The sooner(you do it), the better(it will be).插入語的用法
英語句子中（尤其在口語中）常插入一些單詞、短語或者句子，用來補充某些含義。語法上稱他們為―插入語‖。
（一）插入語的類型：
1、單詞（多是副詞），如：besides, however, otherwise, therefore, though等。She is looking fit, though.他看起來倒是健康。I can, however, discuss this when I see you.2、短語
China and India, for example, are neighbours.By the way, where are you from?
3、句子
He is an honest man, I believe.Jack, as far as I know, isn‘t clever.（二）插入語的位置
通常插入語位于句中，并用逗號隔開。但有時，也可位于句首或句末（見上面例句）。也有時，并不用逗號隔開。
You know that I think you are wrong.我認為，你明白你錯了。What on earth do you mean? 你究竟是什么意思？
（三）插入語在句中的作用 一般來說，插入語在句中不起主要作用。如果把插入語抽去，句子的含義不大受影響。但是，有的插入語卻是句子不可缺少的一部分。
He got the news from nobody knows where.他這消息誰也不知道是從哪兒得來的。
（四）插入語的特殊用法 下面這種復雜的特殊疑問句，也可認為包含有―插入語‖。這種疑問句（有的語法書也稱為―混合疑問句‖或―連鎖疑問句‖）常用來征詢對方對某一疑問點的看法、判斷、認識、猜度或請求對方重復一遍說過的話。口語中出現頻率極高。常用動詞有say, suppose, guess, believe, consider, think, imagine 等。
How long did you say she would stay here? When do you suppose they‘ll be back? How old did you think she was
（五）插入語的幾種典型用法 1.許多分詞短語可以用作插入語，這樣的分詞短語有：strictly speaking（嚴格地說），generally considering（一般認為），judging from……（根據……判斷）等。2.常用作插入語的副詞或副詞短語有：indeed（的確），surely（無疑），however（然而），frankly（坦率地說），obviously（顯然），naturally（天然地），luckily（happily）for sb.（算某人幸運），fortunately（幸好），strangely（奇怪），briefly（簡單地說）等。3.常用作插入語的介詞短語有：in conclusion（總之），in a word（簡而言之），in short（簡而言之），in general（一般說來），in a sense（在某種意義上），in my view（在我看來），in his opinion（按照他的看法），in fact（事實上），at first（首先），in addition（此外），of course（當然），to my surprise（使我驚奇的），to her regret（使她遺憾的），for example（例如）等。
4.用簡短的句子結構作插入語，它們常置于句中或句末。這類簡短的句子有：I am sure（我可以肯定地說），I believe（我相信），do you know（你知道嗎），you see（你明白），I‘m afraid（恐怕），it is said（據說），I suppose（我想），what‘s more（而且），what‘s worse（更糟糕的是），that is（也就是說），what is important（重要的是）等。常用作插入語的不定式短語有：to be sure（無疑地），to sum up（概括地說），to tell the truth（老實說）等。
5.常用作插入語的形容詞或其短語有：true（真的），funny（真可笑），needless to say（不用說），most important of all（最為重要），worse still（更糟糕的），even better（更好）等。
2010高考二輪復習英語考案
專題十四 強調句、省略句、插入語 【專題考案】
1.My bike is missing.I can‘t find ____ anywhere.A.one B.ones
C.it D.that 2.----Who‘s that?----____ Professor Li.A.That‘s B.It‘s C.He‘s D.This‘s 3.____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.A.It B.He C.She D.That 4.----Have you ever seen a whale alive?----Yes, I‘ve seen ____.A.that B.it C.such D.one 5.The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.A.this B.that C.it D.one 6.____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.A.It B.There C.Those D.You 7.We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.A.that B.this C.its D.it 8.The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.A.that B.it C.which D.what 9.____ four years since I joined the Army.A.There was B.There is C.It was D.It is 10.How long ____ to finish the work? A.you‘ll take B.you‘ll take it C.will it take you
D.will take you 11.It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.A.who B.whom C.how D.that 12.It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.A.where B.that C.in which D.on which 13.It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.A.which B.when C.as D.that 14.Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave? A.and B.that C.that‘s D.so 15.Mary speaks in a low voice;____ is difficult to know what she is saying.A.it B.that C.so D.she 16.It was ____ I met Mr.Green in Shanghai.A.many years that
B.many years before C.many years ago that
D.many years when 17.____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.A.It, all B.It, that
C.There, who D.There, that 18.So ____ that no fish can live in it.A.shallow is the lake
B.the lake is shallow C.shallow the lake is
D.is the lake shallow 19.----Won‘t you have another try?----____.A.Yes, I will B.Yes, I won‘t C.Yes, I will have D.Yes, I won‘t have 20.----I won‘t do it any more.----____? A.Why don‘t B.Why don‘t do it any more C.Why not D.Why not do 21.----Do you think it will snow tomorrow?----____.A.No, I don‘t think
B.I don‘t think
C.No, I don‘t so
D.I don‘t think so 22.----Will he fail in the exam?----____.A.Don‘t hope to
B.Let‘s hope not
C.Not hope so
D.Let‘s hope not to 23.____ usual, I have forgotten something.A.As B.As it is C.It‘s D.That is 24.____ she a man, she might be elected president.A.If B.Unless C.Was D.Were 25.____ I had time, I would have played it again.A.If B.Unless C.Had D.When 26.____ it rain tomorrow, I‘d stay at home.A.Should B.Would C.When D.If 27.I like sports and ____ my brother.A.so B.so does C.so is D.so likes 28.Francis, ____ born in Kentucky, lived and practised law in Missouri.A.was B.He was C.who is D.although 29.----Aren‘t you the manager?----No, and I ____.A.don‘t want B.don‘t want to C.don‘t want to be D.don‘t 30.----Have you fed the dog?----No, but ____.A.I am B.I‘m just going to C.I‘m
D.I‘m just going 31.Your performance in the driving test didn‘t reach the required standard — ____, you failed.A.in the end B.after all C.in other words
D.at the same time 32.How long ____ she would stay here? A.did she say B.she said C.did D./ 33.____ could do such thing? A.Whom do you think
B.Who do you think C.Do you think whom
D.Did you think who 34.John was ill.Have you heard about ____? A.this B.he C.it D.the one 35.Hurry up!____ getting darker and darker.A.The sky is B.It‘s C.Weather is D.Time is 36.It‘s the third time ____ I have been here.A.that B.when C.after D.who 37.It was simply for that reason ____ I wouldn‘t tell him the truth.A.why B.which C.so D.that 38.Was it in the place ____ the last emperor died? A.where B.that C.which D.in which 39.____ is no difference between A and B.A.It B.Where C.There D.What 40.It ____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.A.was B.were C.are D.had been 41.He said, ― ____ a long way to school.____ a long way to go yet before we arrive.‖ A.It is, It is B.There is, There is C.There is, It is D.It is, There is 42.I don‘t like ____ you speak to her.A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which 43.If you go to Xi‘an, you‘ll find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly ____.A.supposing B.suppose C.to suppose D.supposed 44.____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It 45.It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A.that B.until C.before D.when 46.It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcast began.A.while B.which C.that D.since 47.----Do you mind my taking this seat?
----____.A.Yes, sit down please
B.No, of course not C.Yes, take it please D.No, you can‘t take it
48.----I‘ll be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?---Not at all.____.A.I‘ve no time B.I‘d rather not C.I‘d like it D.I‘d be happy to
49.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to 50.It was not until she came to see us ____ her mother was ill in bed.A.when we knew
B.that did we knew C.that we knew D.that did we know 51.----This store has such high prices.----I agree.Never again ____ here.A.I will shop B.will I shop C.I do shop D.shop I 52.____ was his kindness that everyone praised him.A.It B.What C.So D.Such 53.____, he would have passed the exam.A.If he were to study
B.If he studied hard C.Had he studied hard
D.Should he study hard 54.----David has made great progress recently.----____, and ____.A.So he has, so have you
B.So he has, so you have C.So has he, so have you D.So has he, so you have 55.No sooner ____ they rushed out into the street.A.did they hear the news than
B.did they hear the news when C.had they heard the news than
D.had they heard the news when 56.He was unable to make such progress, ____.A.hard as he tried
B.as hard he tried C.hard he has tried
D.tried hard as he 57.It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.A.who
B.whom
C.how
D.that 58.It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.A.where
B.that
C.in which
D.on which 59.It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.A.which
B.when
C.as
D.that 60.Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave? A.and
B.that
C.that‘s D.so 61.It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.A.many years that
B.many years before C.many years ago that
D.many years when 62.It is these poisonous products _______can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.A.who
B.that
C.how
D.what 63.I feel it is your husband who_______ for the spoiled child.A.is to blame
B.is going to blame
C.is to be blamed
D.should blame 64.It was for this reason _________her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.A.which
B.why
C.that
D.how 65.—Where was it_____ the road accident happened yesterday ?
--In front of the market.A.when
B.that
C.which
D.how 66.It was not until she had arrived home_______ her appointment with the doctor A.did she remember
B.that she remembered C.when she remembered
D.had she remembered 67._____，he often forgot to turn off the lights.A.Even better
B.Strange
C.However
D.Fortunately 68.Greenland，_____ island in the world，covers over two million square kilometers.A.it is the largest B.that is the largest
C.is the largest D.the largest 69.An awful accident_____，however，occur the other day.A.does
B.did
C.has to
D.had to 70.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise，she ____ something she would regret later.A.had said
B.said
C.might say
D.might have said 71.Boris has brains.In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has ____IQ.A.a high
B.a higher
C.the higher
D.the highest 72.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，_____，of course，made the others envy him.A.who
B.that
C.what
D.which 73._____ the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A.Given
B.To give
C.Giving
D.Having given 74._____，success results from hard work.A.Worse still
B.Sure enough
C.To sum up
D.What‘s worse 75.As I know，there is _____ car in this neighborhood.A.no such
B.no a
C.not such
D.no such a 76.He made another wonderful discovery，_____ of great importance to science.A.which I think is B.which I think it is
C.which I think it D.I think which is 77.One day，_____，Newton saw an apple fall from a tree.A.to sum up
B.what‘s more
C.it is said
D.in addition
78.Were all three people in the car injured in the accident? No,___ only the two passengers who got hurt.A.it was
B.there is
C.it were
D.there was 79.---Who is making so much noise in the garden?---___ the children.A.It is
B.They are
C.That is
D.There are 80.It was ___she was about to go out ___the telephone rang.A.when;that
B.so;that
C.before;then
D.when;before 81.It was ___ he said ___ disappointed me.A.what;that
B.that;what
C.that;when
D.it;when 82.____ that silver is not widely used as a conductor? A.Why is
B.Is it why
C.Why is it
D.Why is that 83.I can‘t find Mr.Smith.Where did you meet him this morning?
It was in the hotel ___ he stated.A.that
B which
C.the one
D.where
84.It was in the small house ___was built with stones by his father ___ he spent his childhood.A.which;that
B, that;where
C, which;which
D.that;which 85.It was ___ it was raining so hard that we had to stay at home all day.A.since
B.for
C.as
D.because 86.Is ____three hours ____ the boy ___family is poor to come to school on foot? A.it;that;whose
B.it;that it takes;whose
C.it for;that it takes;whose
D.it;when;that
87.It was his wife___ left him without saying goodbye.A.who
B.which
C.when
D.in which 88.It is on
a winter night ___he spent with me last night.A.that
B.where
C.as
D.when 89 It is the young man ___ looked for ___ caught the murderer.A.that;who
B.that;they
C.they;that
D they;which 90.It was ____ my teacher worked ____ I work hard.A.where;that
B.where； where
C.that;that
D.that;where 91.It was in the evening __we reached the little town of Winchester.A that
B.until
C.since
D.before
92.It was until dark ___ he found ___ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.A.that;what
B.that;that
C.when;what
D.when;that 93.It is the ability to do the job ____ matters ,not where you come from or what you are.A.one
B.that
C.what
D.it 94.I don‘t know ____ that you stay here.A.how long it is B.how long is it
C.it is how long D.is it how long 95.It was _____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.A.we being late
B.our being late
C.we were too late
D.because we were late 96.---what was the party like?
---Wonderful.It‘s years _____ I enjoyed myself much.A.after
B.before
C.that
D.sinc 97.Why!I have nothing to confess.____you want me to say.A.What is it that B.What it is that
C.How is it that
D.How it is that 98．----Tomorrow is a holiday.Why are you doing your homework?
-----I am doing these exercises now so that I won‘t have _____ on Sunday.A.it
B.them
C.for
D.to 99．----Shall I invite Ann to my birthday party tomorrow evening?
----Yes.It‘ll be fine if you______.A.are
B.can
C.invite
D.do 100.----Aren‘t you the manager?
----No, and I______ A.don‘t want to
B.don‘t want to be
C.don‘t want be D.don‘t want 101.---I‘ll be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?
---Not at all.______.A.I‘ve no time
B.I‘d rather not
C.I‘d like it
D.I‘d be glad to 102．----Won‘t you have another try?
----________.A.Yes, I will have B.Yes, I won‘t have C.Yes, I won‘t D.Yes, I will
103．-----I won‘t do it any more.-----_______? A.Why not
B.Why don‘t do any more C.Why not do
D.Why don‘t
104．----Do you think it will snow tomorrow?
----______? A.I don‘t think
B.No, I don‘t think
C.I don‘t think so
D.No, I don‘t so 105．----Have you fed the cat?
----No, but______.A.I‘m
B.I am
C.I‘m just going
D.I‘m just going to 106． —Why do you want the book so much?
—_____, sir.A.Studying
B.Studied
C.Studies
D.To study 107．—Will you go home tomorrow evening? —No, I‘m going to a lecture, or at least I am planning _____.A.so
B.to
C.it
D.that
108._____ for your brother, I would not have gone to see Mr.Wang.A.If it is not
B.Were it not
C.Had it not been D.If they were not 109.We will have a meeting next week, but we don‘t know _____.A.who
B.where
C.as
D.which 110.He said _____ his sister had passed the college entrance examination, and _____ she would go to college in about 20 days.A.that;不填
B.that;that
C.不填;不填
D.that;which
111.Although ________ to stop, he kept on working.A.tell B.telling C.having told D.told 112.---Will you waste your time and money on that?---Certainly ________.A.I not B.don‘t
C.not D.no 113.---Mary didn‘t attend the lecture, did she?
---Yes, she ________.A.attended B.didn‘t attend C.didn‘t D.did 114.---What‘s Joan doing?
---_________ newspapers in the room.A.She reading B.She reads
C.To read
D.Reading 115._________ always succeed.A.Honest and clever students
B.Students who honest and clever C.Honest students and clever
D.Students are honest and clever 116.---Can you climb that tree, my boy?
---__________ ? A.I
B.Myself
C.Mine D.Me 117.Some people are against the plan but _______ support it.A.any more B.many more
C.much more D.no more 118.---Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant?---_________.It‘s too expensive.A.Why not B.I agree
C.I‘m afraid not D.I‘m sure
參考答案：
1-5 CBADB 6-10 ADADC 11-15 DBDBA 16-20 CBAAC 21-25 DBADC 26-30 ABDCB 31-35 CABCB 36-40 ADBCA 41-45 DADDA 46-50 CBDAC 51-55 BDCAC 56-60 ADBDB 61-65 CBACB 66-70BBDBD 71-75 BDACA 76-80ACAAA 81-85 ACAAD 86-90 BAACA 91-95AABAB 96-100DBDDB 101-105 DDDCD 106-110DBCBB 111-115DCDDA 116-118 DBC
2010高考二輪復習英語學案
專題十四 強調句、省略句、插入語 【典例精析】1.（2008安徽卷，32）-----Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
-----Yes, _______, I‘m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.A.If ever
B.If busy
C.If anything
D.If possible 【解析】D本題考查四個句型結構。If ever如果有過的話（如果發生過的話），.If busy根據題意，是If I am busy的省略，與下文語意矛盾；If anything 意思是―更可能的是，總之‖；if possible如果可能的話。題意為―如果可能的話，我將去城里的一些老年之家看看。‖ 2.（2008福建卷，30）– Who should be responsible for the accident?
– The boss, not the workers.They just carried out the order _____.A.as told
B.as are told
C.as telling
D.as they told 【解析】A考查省略、被動的用法。補全句子應該是They just carried out the order as they were told。
3.（2008 全國II，英語，20）It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.A.that
B.how
C.which
D.when 【解析】A句意為―伊利莎白第一次見到史密斯是在新西蘭。‖考查強調句型的用法。It is/was+被強調部分+that/who從句。如果把 It was以及that去掉的話，句子就變成了in New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.句子仍然完整。
4.（2008 重慶卷，英語 22）It was not until midnight __ they reached the camp site.A.that
B.when
C.while
D.as 【解析】A句意：他們直到半夜才到達宿營地。本句考查強調結構，可以還原為：They didn‘t reach the camp site until midnight.這是含有until引導狀語從句的強調句型。當強調 until從句部分時，應注意把not一起提前。即：It is/ was not until + 被強調部分 + that + 其它部分。5.（2008‘NMET 天津卷，英語 8）It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.A.how
B.which
C.that
D.where 【解析】C句意：正是在密西西比河岸馬克·吐溫度過了他孩提時代的大部分時光。本題考查強調句。如果把It was以及that 去掉，原句就成了along the Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.句子仍然完整。6.（08全國I卷）—What fruit is in season now? —Grapes and peaches, ______.A.I know
B.I think
C.I see
D.I feel 【解析】B 考查插入語用法。按照句意此處為我的看法，對前面的答語起補充說明作用。7.（09湖南）Every evening after dinner, if not_____ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A.being tired B.tiring
C.tired
D.to be tired 【解析】C 省略句式。在if引導的條件狀語從句中，從句中還原應為if am not tired from work，根據省略的原則，所以答案選C。8.（09江西）It was _____ he came bank from Africa that wear _________ he met the girl he would like to marry.A.when;then
B.not;until
C.not until;that
D.only;when
【解析】C 強調句型。根據It is ……that 結構可知。
9.（09江西）Some of you may have finished unit one._____ , you can go on to unit two.A.If you may
B.If you do
C.If not
D.If so
【解析】D 省略句的用法。If so = If you have done that / so 10.（09全國2卷）It is often ___that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.A.said
B.to say
C.saying
D.being said 【解析】A 固定句型（it is +Ved +that從句）。11.（09江蘇）---What‘s the matter with Della?
---Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still __ A.hopes to B.hopes so C.hopes not D.hopes for 【解析】A 考查省略句用法。此處為省略不定式，補全為she still hopes to go to the party。【專題突破】考生在做強調句式的題時要牢記強調句的基本句型，學會分析句式，采用去掉句式法，正確辨析強調句、定語從句，然后選擇相應的連接詞即可；省略句和插入語一定要理解語境、語義把握上下文，弄清上下文重復的地方和說話者要表達的意思就可以選出最佳答案。
1.It is rather difficult to make friends with her, but her friendship, _______, is truer than any other‘s.A．while gaining B．after gaining
C.when to gain
D．once gained 2._________, the weather in America is different from place to place.A．As China
B．Like in China
C．Like China
D．As in China
3.－Why didn‘t Tom give you one of his paintings?
－I didn‘t want one，but he would have given me one if I
A．did
B．would
C．will
D．had 4.---Did they tell you the final decision of the committee?---No, they didn‘t, but I think I ought to ______.A./
B.be
C.have
D.have been 5.---Won‘t you go to Kathy‘s wedding party?---No, _____ invited.A.though
B.if
C.as
D.once 6.— Shall Mary come to the concert with us？
－Not ___she has finished her paper A.since
B.once
C．when
D．unless 7.The government managed to have two chemical factories built, though _____ by the citizens.A.being opposed to B.opposed to
C.was opposed to
D.having been opposed to 8.______, Mr.Smith managed to send his daughter to school.A．As he was a poor man
B．A poor man as he was C．Poor man as was he
D．Poor man as he was 9.I don‘t know if you noticed their absence or not, but we
.A．did
B．have
C．had
D．were 10.----How unhappy your roommate looks!----Yes，but he‘s not willing to tell me what it is____ is troubling him.A.what
B.which
C.as
D.that 11.—________ matters to do the job well —what you are or where you come from? —Neither.It depends on whether you put your heart into it.A．Which is it that B．What it is that C．Which it is that D．What is it which 12.—I can‘t find Xiao Ping, where did you see him this morning? —It was in the library______ he studied． A．that
B．where
C．which
D．the one 13.It is exactly _____we behave _____has changed the world.A．which;that
B．how;that
C．how;what D．what;that 14.Was it in 1969 _____ the American astronaut succeeded_____ landing on the moon? A．when；on
B．that；on
C．when；in
D．that：in 15.---I can‘t find Mr.Brown.Where did you meet him this morning?---It was in the hotel _______he stayed.A that
B which
C where
D when 16.— Why did the dinner party start so late last night? — It was _____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.A.we were late
B.we being late
C.our being late
D.because we were late
17.—Why is it ________ so many people enjoy eating on the run? —Of course, the most obvious answer is that fast food is fast.A.that
B.which
C.what
D.how 18.It was not what he said but the way he said it ______ made a great difference to me at last..A.what
B.that
C.before
D.when 19.---The patient looks much better.____ is it that has made him____he is today?---Perhaps the special medicine and his family‘s patient care.A．What;that
B．That;that
C．What;what
D．What;which 20.I think it‘s the driver rather than the passengers who______ for the accident.A.is to blame
B.are to blame
C.are to be blamed D.should blame.21.----______was it ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?----Totally by chance.A.How, that B.What, that
C.When, when D.Where, that
22.It was in the factory _________ his friend worked _______ he picked up a lot of experience.A.where, where
B.that, where
C.that, that
D.where, that 23.It was ___the boy said he almost never did any exercise in the school ___the mother began to worry about his health.A．what;that
B．that;how
C．when;that
D．that;that 24.---How did you know it?---It was in the website www.tmdps.cn _____you can buy the tickets for the opening ceremony for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games on August 8_____I found the full details about tickets prices for them.A．where;that
B．which;that
C．that;which
D.where;which 25.It was ___computer games that cost the boy lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.A．to have played
B．playing
C．played
D．having played 26.——Where did you come across our chemistry teacher ?------It was in the supermarket ______ I purchased mooncakes.A.that
B.which
C.where
D.when 27.——Where did you get to know her?-----It was on the farm______ we worked A.that
B.there
C.which
D.where
28.It is the film _______ director is Steven Spielberg _______ attracts quite a few viewers throughout the world.A．that;who
B．which;that
C．whose;that
D．whose;who 29.1 _____the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.A.General speaking
B.Speaking general C.Generally speaking
D.Speaking generally 30.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea.____，neither of them could swim.A.In fact
B.Luckily
C.Unfortunately D.Naturally 31.Your performance in the driving test didn‘t reach the required standard，_____，you failed.A.in the end
B.after all
C.in other words D.at the same time 參考答案和解析：
1.【解析】D由句意可以得知，her friendship與gain是被動關系，省略了it is。
2.【解析】D根據句意可以得知，―像是在中國一樣‖As it is in China，省略掉了it is。
3.【解析】D由題意可以得知，回答中用到了虛擬語氣，是與過去的事實相反，補全句子應該是he would have given me one if I had wanted one.4.【解析】D由句意可以得知，I think I ought to have been told.5.【解析】A由題干得知回答是―盡管我被邀請了‖，補全應該是though I was invited.6.【解析】D由句意得知，補全句子應該是Mary does not come to the concert with us unless she has finished her paper.7.【解析】B由句意可以得知文中，補全句子應該是though（it was）opposed by the citizens，省略掉了it is 8.【解析】D在as引導的讓步再從句倒裝對，名詞前冠詞應省略。提示：as引導的讓步狀語從句通常將表語或修飾謂語動詞的副詞提前至句首
9.【解析】A but we did 是but we noticed their absence or not的替代式省略。
10【解析】D該題考查特殊疑問詞what引導的強調句作tell的賓語，當強調句中有特殊疑問詞時應把疑問詞放在句子前面。若將該句改為非強調句為: but he‘s not willing to tell me what it is troubling him.11.【解析】A本句考查強調句式，特殊疑問詞應放在句首。句意―做好這項工作的關鍵在于你的職業還是你來自何處？兩者均不是，這要看你是否用心去做。
12.【解析】B 本句是省略了that的強調句型。在被強調部分中library后有一定語從句，補充完整應為It was in the library（where he studied）that I saw him this morning.13.【解析】D句意―恰恰是我們的行為改變了世界的面貌。‖去掉it is…that 句子仍然成立 14.【解析】 D該題考查強調句的疑問形式，即was it…that…,后面一空考查succeed in doing sth.句意―美國宇航員是在1969年成功登上月球的嗎？‖
15.【解析】C此題考查強調句的省略用法。回答上文的where,但用的是強調句型。
16.【解析】C本題考查強調句的一般用法，強調部分在句中作主語，該句中主語由動名詞的復合結構充當。17.【解析】A本題考查特殊疑問句的強調用法，特殊疑問詞why放在句首，即疑問詞+is/was that….18.【解析】B該題考查對強調句的掌握，被強調部分用了not….but…結構，增加了試題的難度。句意―不是他說話的內容而是說話的方式對我起了重要作用‖?
19.【解析】C本句考查強調句。首先考查了它的特殊疑問句式，同時有考查看what引導從句作賓語補足語這一語法現象。
20.【解析】A本題考查強調句式，被強調部分由rather than 連接兩并列主語，謂語動詞和前面的主語一致，另外blame應用主動表被動形式。
21.【解析】A本題考查強調句式中帶有特殊疑問詞的用法，上面已經多次提到，這里不再詳細說明。
22.【解析】D本題考查強調句式，被強調部分作地點狀語，且the factory后是一定語從句，我們應注意強調句式和其他句式的混合使用。
23.【解析】A本句強調狀語，且這一時間狀語是由when來引導的從句充當的。24.【解析】A本句考查強調句型，被強調部分在句中作地點狀語，而且被強調部分由一定語從句構成，增加了試題難度。
25.【解析】B本句是一強調句式，被強調部分在句中作主語，由動名詞充當。
26.【解析】C本題考查強調句的省略用法，被強調部分是一個定語從句，在mooncakes后省略了that I came across our chemistry teacher.27.【解析】D 本題被強調部分是一個定語從句。28.【解析】C本題考查強調句，強調主語（由一定語從句組成）；句意―正是由Steven Spielberg導演的這部電影吸引了全世界的許多觀眾。
29.【解析】C.generally speaking為分詞短語，意思是―一般來說‖，在句中用作插入語。30.【解析】C.unfortunately為副詞，意思是―令人遺憾地，不巧，可惜‖，在句中用作插入語。31.【解析】C.in other words為介詞短語，意思是―換句話說‖，在句中用作插入語。
【學法導航】考生在強調句、省略句、插入語的復習備考中要注意：1.考前應認真研讀高考題目，了解高考題目的立意方向和設問風格，今年仍可能出現復雜句式中考查強調句的現象；2.掌握強調句的基本式及其變式，高考的考查方向一向以實用為主，故可能會在長句中考查。建議大家從題型入手，仔細分析強調句的內部結構，以不變應萬變；3.注意復習定語從句，賓語從句、主語從句、同位語從句中和強調句的混合運用情況；4.使用助動詞do, does和did 對謂語動詞進行強調；5.強調句型中的主謂一致，在強調句型中，當對陳述句中的主語進行強調時，無論被強調的主語是單數還是復數，主句中的謂語動詞都要用單數形式It is/was…，同時，that從句中的謂語動詞也要與被強調的主語在人稱和數方面保持一致； 6.如果由特殊疑問詞引導的強調結構在句中作賓語從句時，從句必須使用陳述語序，不可用疑問語序。
省略這一考點在備考方面應該注意：1.一些常見省略規則，比如前面整理的有關狀語從句中的省略；2.有關to的省略；3.if引導的虛擬條件句中和限制性定語從句中的省略。有關to的省略和if引導的虛擬條件句的省略應該是我們備考的重點；具體說：1).在并列句中，為了避免與第一個分句的相同內容重復，可采用省略謂語，而保留主語和表語或補足語等成分；2).在定語從句中，當先行詞在句中作賓語時，可省略關系代詞that/whom；3).賓語從句中的省略；4).在表示時間、條件、地點、讓步、方式或比較的狀語從句中，如果包含動詞be，從句中的主語與主句相同，或者從句的主語為it，就常常把從句中的主語和謂語的一部分(動詞be)省略掉，只保留連詞+現在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞;5).動詞不定式的省略,在上下文中，為了避免重復前面或后面出現的動詞和動詞短語，通常在一些包含有動詞不定式的結構中，將動詞不定式省略，只保留動詞不定式符號to。在下面幾種情況下只保留不定式符號to：6).在交際英語中的答語中，往往只保留問句中所提問的部分。
插入語這一考點，考生只要注意常用插入語和常用插入語的情況即可。
【專題綜合】1.—I hate talking with that guy.Look, he is coming.What should I do?
—Don‘t speak until_______.A.speaking
B.spoken to
C.spoken
D.speaking to 2.—Why do you want the book so much?
—_______, sir.A.Studying
B.Studies
C.Studied
D.To study
3.I wonder why you won‘t do it as_______.Its the third time you have done so.A.told to
B.be told
C.told you
D.you told 4.The dying old man opened his mouth as if ______something.A.to say
B.saying
C.to have said D.was saying 5.This is an illness that can result in total blindness if_______.A.to leave untreating
B.left untreated
C.leaving untreating
D.is left untreated 6.—I didn‘t do well in the last English test.How about you?
—_______.A.I‘ll do better next time
B.I like English, though C.A lot better
D.Even worse 7.—You seem to have lost your way._______?
—I‘m looking for Wangfujing Street.A.What for
B.Need help
C.Why so
D.Where to 8.—Which would you like, chicken or fish?
—_______
A.I don‘t think so.B.What if?
C.Both.D.Neither can I.9.You may take them all home_______.A.if possible
B.if can
C.unless so
D.even if you can
10.Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don‘t take medicine_______.A.like directed
B.to be directed
C.as directed
D.so that directed 11.The man stopped from time to time ______whether he was being followed.A.as if found
B.as to find
C.as if to find D.when found 12.To tell the truth, I won‘t go to the party_______.A.so as to invite
B.even if invited C.if inviting
D.if invite 13.Water, _______enough, can change into vapour quickly.A.when heated
B.heating
C.though to be heated D.when is heated 14.The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit __________the season.A.whatever
B.wherever
C.whenever
D.however 15.Generally speaking ,____ according to the directions , the drug has no side effect.A．when taking
B．when taken
C．when to take
D．when to be taken 16.What surprised me was not what he said but ______he said it.A.the way
B.in the way that
C.in the way
D.the way which 17.--You haven't lost the ticket, have you?--_________.I know it's not easy to get another one at the moment.A.I hope not
B.Yes, I have
C.I hope so
D.Yes, I‘m afraid so 18.--–Can I speak to Mr Wang, please?
--________.A.Who are you ? B.I‘m Wang
C.Speaking
D.Are you Zhang 19.__________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A.A quiet student as he may be
B.Quiet student as he may be C.Be a quiet student as he may
D.Quiet as he may be a student 20.When_____help, one often says ―Thank you.‖ or ―It‘s kind of you‖.A.offering
B.to offer
C.to be offered
D.offered 21.--I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.--_______good.A.Sound
B.Sounded
C.Sounding
D.Sounds 22.__________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.Would you be
B.Should you be
C.Could you be
D.Might you be 23.I can‘t remember ______ I met the man.A．where was it
B．it was where
C．where it was that D．where was it that
24.It is only 6.7% of Korean students _____have ever read Chinese books or watch Chinese TV programs.A．which
B．whoever
C．that
D．what 25.---____was it ____they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?---Totally by chance.A．What;that B．How;that
C．When;how
D．Where;that 26.I have always been honest and straightforward , and it doesn‘t matter _____I‘m talking to.A.who is it B.who it is
C.it is who
D.it is whom 27.Mr.Smith , in your eyes ,_____that affects the development of China‘s economy ? A.what it is B.what is it
C.how it is D.where is it 28.It was with great joy ______he received the news _______his lost daughter had been found． A．because, that B．which, which C．that, that D．since, that 29.It is in Steven Spielberg‘s first film , Jaws ,_____a big white shark attacks swimmers ____are spending their holidays in a small village by the sea..A.where, who
B.which, that
C.that, that
D.where, that 30.It was the rescue team ____ helped the victims in the earthquake in Tibet.A．which
B．what
C．who
D．whom 30.15.I just wonder ________ that makes him so excited.A.why it does B.what he does C.how it is
D.what it is 31.It is so nice to hear from her._____，we last met more than thirty years ago.A.What?s more
B.That is to say
C.In other words
D.Believe it or not 32._____ with you，I have no money to spare.A.To be frank
B.What‘s more
C.In addition
D.However 33._____，he should have done such a thing.A.Speaking general B.Strange to say
C.Luckily
D.Of course 參考答案和解析：
1.解析】B狀語從句的省略形式，其完整句子是Don‘t speak until you are spoken to.2.【解析】D省略主句保留關鍵詞，根據句意可以知道完整句子是：I want the book very much in order to study.3.【解析】A狀語從句的省略形式，根據句意可知，其完整形式為as you are told to.4.【解析】A狀語從句的省略形式，根據句意可知，其完整形式為：as if he wanted to say...5.【解析】B狀語從句的省略形式，其完整形式是：...if it is left untreated.6.【解析】D 狀語從句的省略形式，其完整句為：I did even worse in the test.7.【解析】B語境省略。Need help? = Do you need help?
8.【解析】C由題意知C項可以恢復為：I‘d like them both / both of them。9.【解析】A狀語從句的省略，由題意知其完整形式為if it is possible.10.【解析】C根據題意可知，其對應完整句子應為：as they are directed。11.【解析】C 該題對應的完整形式是：as if he wanted to find...12.【解析】B該題是狀語從句的省略形式，其完整句是...even if I am invited。13.【解析】A該題是被動語態的狀語從句的省略形式，補完整為：when it is heated 14.【解析】A whatever 引導讓步狀語從句，其后省略了it is。題意是―無論什么季節，律師除了穿套裝外，很少穿其他衣服‖。15.【解析】B當分詞的邏輯主語也就是主句的主語，這時可以省去邏輯主語和be動 詞.現在分詞表示主動和進行，而過去分詞表示被動和完成。在這個句子中，其實是when the drug is taken,省去了the drug is，the drug 和take是被動關系．
16.【解析】A本題考查定語從句中的省略，the way 前省略了that或in which。
17.【解析】A本句的主語是個否定句，從回答可以看出票已經丟了，回答I hope not是我希望沒有丟的意思。回答I hope so是我希望不是沒有丟，就是我希望丟的意思 18.【解析】C漢語打電話中說―我是…‖，英語自報姓名不用―I am …‖。而用―This is … speaking‖ 這一句型或其它省略形式。Speaking=This is Mr Wang speaking=It‘s Mr Wang speaking
19.【解析】B在as引導的讓步再從句倒裝對，名詞前冠詞應省略。提示：as引導的讓步狀語從句通常將表語或修飾謂語動詞的副詞提前至句首。20.【解析】D根據句意可以得知when之后省略了one is。
21.【解析】D Sounds good實際上是It Sounds good的省略22.【解析】B在if引導的虛擬條件句中含有had，were，should時，可以把had，were，should放在句首且省略if。
23.【解析】C本題考查帶有特殊疑問詞的強調句用法，在賓語從句中應使用陳述語序。24.【解析】C本題考查強調句，強調主語，強調主語且該主語含有百分數，所以我們應注意被強調部分特殊結構。
25.【解析】B本題考查強調句，強調部分應為方式狀語。
26.【解析】B本題考查強調句式在賓語從句中的使用，注意使用陳述語序。
27.【解析】B本題考查強調句式在特殊疑問句中的使用，應注意疑問語序和特殊疑問詞位于句首。
28.【解析】C本句既考查強調句型又考查同位語從句，注意分清兩種句型中的that,前面一空考查強調句，后面一空考查同位語從句。.29.【解析】C前一空考查強調句式，后一空考查定語從句，應注意分清整個句子結構。30.【解析】C本題考查強調句式，被強調部分在句中作主語。注意強調句中若強調人，用who, that 均可。
30.【解析】D本題考查強調句式在賓語從句中的使用，主語特殊疑問詞的位置和語序
31.【解析】D.believe it or not為一分句，意思是―信不信由你‖，在句中作插入語。32.【解析】A.to be frank為不定式短語，意思是―坦率地說‖，在句中用作插入語。
33.【解析】B.strange to say為形容詞短語，意思是―說也奇怪‖，在句中用作插入語。
第五篇：高考二輪復習英語教案：專題十 定語從句
高考二輪復習英語教案
專題十 定語從句
【專題要點】定語從句要點概述：1.關系代詞和關系副詞的區別。當先行詞是時間或地點時，如何判斷用關系副詞when, where還是which或that；2.when,where引導定語從句和狀語從句的區別；3.“介詞+關系代詞which/whom”引導的定語從句，關鍵要找準先行詞或定語從句中的謂語動詞的固定搭配；4.that, which引導定語從句的區別；5.as引導的定語從句；6.such---as與such---that的區別；the same----as/that的用法；7.the way作先行詞時用that/in which引導或省略that或in which；8.that引導的定語從句與同位語從句的區別。
【考綱要求】對于定語從句考綱要求掌握以下內容：1.引導限制性定語從句的關系詞；2.引導非限制性定語從句的關系詞；3.限制性與非限制性定語從句的區別；4.介詞+關系代詞的用法；5.不定代詞/數詞+of which/whom引導的非限制性定語從句及其該結構與并列句的判斷；6.關系詞之間的異同現象及選用。
【教法指引】定語從句是高中英語學習的重要語法項目之一，在高考各個題型中都有可能會涉及到。它的結構和用法比較復雜，是高中階段英語學習的一個重點，也是高考英語常考的一個考點，是歷年高考的熱點，掌握定語從句對于語言理解和運用具有重要的意義。對定語從句的考查角度較多，分析近幾年的高考試題發現：從從句類型上看，考查非限制定語從句，限制性定語從句；從關系詞上看，關系代詞which，關系副詞where，關系副詞when均有考查；從介詞+關系代詞方面，也有涉及。當然不管從那個方面考查，只要弄清定語從句的有關概念就可以“以不變應萬變”。因此教師在引導學生復習備考中要注意： 1．了解有關定語從句的所有語法規則，弄清從句中關系代詞和關系副詞的區別。2．分清及物動詞和不及物動詞，判斷句子結構是否完整，注意句子中逗號的語法作用。3．注意先行詞的特殊性和關系代詞的選擇，依據先行詞來選擇“介詞+關系代詞”的結構。4.加強有關定語從句的理解和練習。
【知識網絡】
定語從句
用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞（有時也可說明整個主句或主句中一部分）而起定語作用的句子叫作定語從句。
一、關系代詞引導的定語從句
1.關系代詞用來指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞
句子成分
用于限制從句或非限制性從句
只用于限制性從句
代替人
代替物
代替人或物 主語
Who
which
that 主語
Whom
which
that 賓語
Whose（=of whom）whose（=of which）This is the detective who came from London.The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.The desk whose leg is broken is very old.This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2.關系代詞的用法
（1）如果先行詞是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代詞，關系代詞一般只用that，不用which.例如： All the people that are present burst into tears.（2）如果先等詞被形容詞最高級以及first，last，any，only，few，mush，no，some，very等詞修飾，關系代詞常用that，不用which，who，或whom.例如：
（3）非限制性定語從句中，不能用關系代詞that，作賓語用的關系代詞也不能省略。例如：
There are about seven million people taking part in the election，most of whom、are well educated.（4）which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition，which made his parents very happy.（5）that可指人或物，在從句中作表語，（指人作主語時多用who）僅用于限制性定語從句中。
（6）which可作表語，既可指人，以可指物。指人時，一般指從事某種職業或是有種特征。品性或才能的人。Which引導的定語從句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。
（7）如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關系代詞用which；若是指集體中的各個成員，則用who.（8）先行詞有兩個，一個指人，一個指物，關系代詞應該用that.例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.（9）如果先行詞是anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，關系代詞應該用 who 或whom，不用which.例如： Is there anyone here who will go with you？ 3.“介詞＋關系代詞”是一個普遍使用的結構
（1）“介詞＋關系代詞”可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句。“介詞＋關系代詞”結構中的介詞可以是
in，on，about，from，for，with，to at，of，without 等，關系代詞只可用whom或
which，不可用that.（2）from where為“介詞＋關系副詞”結構，但也可以引導定語從句。例如： We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town…（3）像listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of.（2）
二、關系副詞引導的定語從句 1.關系副詞也可以引導定語從句
關系副詞在從句中分別表示時間。地點或原因。關系副詞when在從句中充當時間狀語，where 充當地點狀語，why充當原因狀語。2.that可引導定語從句表示時間。地點或原因
That有時可以代替關系副詞 when，where 或者why引導定語從句表示時間。地點或原因，在that引導的這種定語從句中，that也可以省去。
三、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句 1.二者差異比較
限制定語從句緊跟先行詞，同先行詞這間一般不加逗號，僅修飾先行詞，可以由關系代詞。關系副詞或that來引導。非限制性定語從句僅作補充或說明，用逗號與主句隔開，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個主句，不可用that引導。2.關系代詞和關系副詞的選擇依據
（1）弄清代替先行詞的關系詞在從句中作什么成分，作狀語的應選用關系副詞，作主語。賓語或表語的可選用關系代詞。
3.先行詞與定語從句隔離
定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，但定語從句與先行詞之間有時也會插入別的成分，構成先行詞與定語從句的隔離。例如：
1）This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about…… 2）He was the only person in this country who was invited
四、as在定語從句中的用法
1.引導限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
（1）as多與such 或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。（2）as 也可單獨使用，引導非限制性定語從句，作用相當于which.例如： The elephant's nose is like a snake，as anybody can see.（3）the same---that與 the same---as在意思上是不同的。2.as引導的非限制性定語從句的位置
as引導的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面。中間或后面，一般用逗號與主句隔開，但which所引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。例如：（1）As is expected，the England team won the football match.（2）The earth runs around the sun，as is known by everyone.3.as, which的比較
1).在非限制性定語從句中，均可替代整個主句或句中某個部分，在從句中作主語，賓語，表語．如從句在主句之后，兩者皆可用 They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.She seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is.Grammar is not a set of dead rules, which/as I have said before.2).如從句在主句之前，用as As we all know, his parents were killed in this war.As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.3).如關系代詞代表主句全句意思，有“正如．．．”“就象．．．”之意時，用as We won the match, as we had expected.He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.4).當先行項被the same, such, so修飾時，用as This is the same book as you bought yesterday.同類書(比較：This is the
same book that you bought yesterday.同一本書)Don’t believe in such men as praise you to your face.I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out.5).當從句內容對主句內容起消極作用，則用which The young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was disgraced.6).as 也可以用來引導非限制性定語從句，用來指待一件事，這時它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。
He is an American, as/which we know from his accent.As we know from his accent, he is an American.He, as we know from his accent, is an American.As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.Grammar, as has been said above, is not a set of rules.Grammar is not a set of dead rules, as/which has been said above.正如: As everyone knows, as you may still remember, as you said, as I can see, as has been mentioned above, as you may have heard, and etc.
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