第一篇：英語句子成分知識點總結
知識點總結
組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。句子成分可分為主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補足語、獨立成分。
1、主語
主語是一個句子的主題。主語的位置
①陳述句中，一般在一句之首。
They managed to rescue all the people in the flood.②疑問句、倒裝句中，一般在助動詞、情態動詞和動詞之后。Up went the arrow into the air.Why do they move and burn more of the forest? Not only will help be given to people who are disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.③祈使句中，往往省略。
Take this money and buy yourself some more books.（句首省略了you）④There be結構中，在be之后。
Around the area of Aswanthere are a lot of important old temples , which date from about 1250 BC.2、謂語
謂語在句子中說明主語的動作，主語具有的特征或所處的狀態。（1）由簡單動詞構成的謂語
They started to use English, but they also brought in some words from their own languages.（2）由動詞短語構成的謂語
Dr.Manette realized that the sister must have been very badly treated.3、表語
表語說明主語的身份、特征、類別、狀態等情況，它位于連系動詞之后，與之構成所謂的系表結構。表語的位置
①通常位于連系動詞之后，但下列情況下，置于連系動詞之前。為了強調表語。In the north isScotland, with its capitalEdinburgh.北面是蘇格蘭，首都是愛丁堡。
②由How/What引出的感嘆句中 What a curious hotel it was!③某些讓步狀語從句中
Child as the boy was, he knew what was the right thing to do.④“the+比較級…，the+比較級…結構中”。
The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.英語你聽得越多，就越容易聽懂。
4、賓語
賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語。賓語表示法 ①名詞用作賓語。
Bob asked all the airlines to fly the pop stars for free.②代詞用作賓語。
It picked it up in its mouth and carried it into the bushes.③數詞用作賓語。
Canadacovers six of the world''s 24 time areas.④名詞化的形容詞用作賓語。
She''s always helping the poorer than herself.⑤副詞用作賓語。
Since then the number of milu deer there has greatly increased.⑥不定式用作賓語
I just didn''t wish to put you to the trouble of changing a large note.⑦動名詞作賓語或名詞化分詞（主要是過去分詞）作賓語
When she had finished listening to the news, Mrs.Cousins turned off the radio.⑧句子用作賓語
I suggest that you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.直接賓語和間接賓語
可具有這種雙賓語的及物動詞有：bring, fetch, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, read, refuse, show, sing, teach, tell, write, buy, find, get, make, envy, return, sell等。I don''t envy you your job.5、補足語
補足語是一種補足主語和賓語的意義的句子成分。用作補足語的有名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式（短語）、分詞（短語）、介詞短語等。
He persuaded other people to provide money or to give help.I think you''ll find these materials much better and much more suitable.The lion could still be seen in the bushes eating the meat.This song is thought to be most popular.6、定語
定語用來修飾名詞或代詞，說明人或物的狀態、品質、數量等。定語表示法
It was the earliest research centre for agriculture.（形容詞用作定語）They had brought a picnic lunch with him.（名詞用作定語）
I''m looking for another speaker who could give a talk.（代詞用作定語）In 1911,she received a second Nobel Prize for her research, becoming the first person in the world to receive two Nobel prizes.（數詞用作定語）The way out lies in the development of education.（副詞用作定語）There are plenty of interesting places to visit.（不定式用作定語）Everybody was at his fighting post.（動名詞用作定語）
By the end of the year, the total money collected had come to over 92 million dollars, all of which were sent to Africa.（分詞用作定語）I know a woman whose three sons are all soldiers.(句子用作定語)7.狀語
狀語是指描述被描述對象的狀態，包括時間狀語，地點狀語，方式狀語，伴隨狀語，讓步狀語等。狀語表示法
1.副詞，如carefully，例句:he did his housework carefully 2.介詞短語,如in the classroom，例句he did his homework carefully in the classroom 3.非謂語短語，如seen from the top of the mountain，或者when facing difficulties，例句Seen from the top of the mountain，the houses beneath are very small When facing difficulties,w e should keep calm 4.從句，如時間狀語從句，地點狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，原因狀語從句等 例句 He will come back next week when the opening ceremony begins.He will come to the school where he spent his childhood.Although he failed in the exam ,he never gave up his goals.He failed in his exam because he gives up his goals halfway.
第二篇：英語劃分句子成分知識點總結
英語句子成分
（一）句子成分的定義：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。
（二）主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結構、疑問句（當主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名詞）
We often speak English in class.（代詞）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數詞）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（動名詞）
The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語從句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）
（三）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構成如下：
1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：He practices running every morning.2、復合謂語：（1）由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系動詞加表語構成。如：We are students.（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態，它一般位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）
Is it yours?（代詞）
The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）
The speech is exciting.（分詞）
Three times seven is twenty one?（數詞）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（愛好）is playing football.（動名詞）
The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語）
Time is up.The class is over.（副詞）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）
（五）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代詞）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數詞）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（動名詞短語）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語從句）
賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補）。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如： His father named him Dongming.（名詞）They painted their boat white.（形容詞）Let the fresh air in.（副詞）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語）We saw her entering the room.（現在分詞）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句）
（七）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）
China is a developing country;America is a developed country.（分詞）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動名詞）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）
（八）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語）
Wait a minute.（名詞）
Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句）
狀語種類如下：
How about meeting again at six?（時間狀語）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（條件狀語）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點狀語）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結果狀語）
She works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語）
I am taller than he is.（比較狀語）
英語句子結構 英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細觀察不外乎五個基本句式。這五個基本句式可以演變出多種復雜的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數英語句子都是由這五個基本句式生成的。這五個基本句式如下： S十V主謂結構 S十V十F主系表結構 S十V十O主謂賓結構
S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結構 S十V十O十C 主謂賓補結構
說明：S＝主語；V＝謂語；P＝表語；O＝賓語；O1＝間接賓語；O2＝直接賓語；C＝賓 語補足語五個基本句式詳細解釋如下： 1．S十V句式
在此句式中，V是不及物動詞，又叫自動詞(vi．)。例如： He runs quickly．他跑得快。
They listened carefully．他們聽得很仔細。He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨凍受餓。
China belongs to the third world country．中國屬于第三世界國家。The gas has given out．煤氣用完了。My ink has run out．我的鋼筆水用完了。2．S十V十P句式
在此句式中，V是系動詞(link v．)，常見的系動詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如： He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book．他似乎對這本書感興趣。The story sounds interesting．這個故事聽起來有趣。The desk feels hard．書桌摸起來很硬。The cake tastes nice．餅嘗起來很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc．花聞起來香甜。You have grown taller than before．你長得比以前高了。He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。He stood quite still．他靜靜地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他長大后當了教師。注意：有些動詞同時也是及物動詞，可構成SVO句式，例如： He looked me up and down．他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手來摸象。They are tasting the fish．他們在品嘗魚。
They grow rice in their home town．他們在家鄉種水稻。He's got a chair to sit on．他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English．請把這個句于澤成英語。3．S十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物動詞(vt．)，因此有賓語。例如： I saw a film yesterday．我昨天看了一部電影。
Have you read the story? 你讀過這個故事嗎? They found their home easily．他們很容易找到他們的家。They built a house last year．他們去年建了一所房子。
They've put up a factory in the village．他們在村里建了一座工廠。They have taken good care of the children．這些孩子他們照看得很好。You should look after your children well．你應該好好照看你的孩子。4．S十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語的及物動詞。常見的須帶雙賓語的動詞有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。例如： He gave me a book/a book to me．他給我一本書。He brought me a pen/a pen to me．他帶給我一枝鋼筆。He offered me his seat/his seat to me．他把座位讓給我。注意下邊動詞改寫后介詞的變化：
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.媽媽給我買了一本書。He got me a chair/a chair for me．他給我弄了一把椅子。Please do me a favor/a favor for me．請幫我一下。He asked me a question/a question of me．他問我個問題。注意，下邊動詞只有一種說法：
They robbed the old man of his money．他們搶了老人的錢。He's warned me of the danger.他警告我注意危險。
The doctor has cured him of his disease．醫生治好了他的病。We must rid the house of th erats．我們必須趕走屋里的老鼠。They deprived him of his right to speak．他們剝奪了他說話的權利。5．S十V十O十C句式
在此句式中，V是有賓語補足語的及物動詞。常帶賓語補足語的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞常見的可接賓語補足語的動詞很多，哪些動詞可接哪幾種形式作賓補，須根據動詞的慣用法而定，不能統而概論。請看下面的例子。They made the girl angry．他們使這個女孩生氣了。They found her happy that day．他們發現那天她很高興。I found him out．我發現他出去了。I saw him in．我見他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand．他們發現沙地上有腳印。They named the boy Charlie．他們給這個男孩起名為查理。I saw him come in and go out．我見他進來又出去。They felt the car moving fast．他們感到汽車行駛得很快。I heard the glass broken just now．我剛才聽到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him．他發現研究所的大門對他關閉了。
eg.1.We are working.我們在工作。主系表
2.I can swim very well.我游泳泳地很好。主謂
3.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me.那個使者給我了一瓶啤酒。主謂雙賓/主謂賓狀
4.Why does the wind blow?
風為什么會吹？主謂
5.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day.雨已經下了一整天了。主謂
6.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.湯姆和杰克都喜歡鄉村音樂。主謂賓
7.Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone.吉姆請我把他的最好的祝愿帶給每個人。主謂賓補
8.You must get the car ready by tomorrow.到明天為止你一定要把小車準備好。主謂賓補
9.I have a lot of clothes to wash.我有許多的衣服需要洗。主謂賓，to wash做clothes的定語
10.He gave his son some advice on reading.他在閱讀方面給了他的兒子一些建議。主謂雙賓
11.Read me the first paragraph.給我讀第一段。主謂雙賓
12.I’ve ordered some soup for you.我已經為你要了一些湯。主謂雙賓/主謂賓狀
13.He began leaning English ten years ago.十年前他開始學英語。主謂賓
14.My being late worried my teacher.我的遲到讓我的老師很擔心。主謂賓，動名詞短語My being late做主語
15.The president himself would visit our school.總統將親自參觀我們的學校。主謂賓
16.April fool’Day is the special day of the year
愚人節是一年中很特別的一天。主系表
17.He usually takes a nap after lunch.他通常在午飯之后要小睡一會兒。主謂賓
18.I got it back at once.我馬上把它取回。主謂賓
19.He finished lunch and went into the garden.他吃完午飯后去了花園。主+并列謂語
20.The telephone rang.電話響了。主謂
21.We study hard.我們努力學習。主謂
22.His father might have died.他的父親可能已經去世了。主謂
23.Will you leave the door open/ unclosed?
你要把門開著？主謂賓補
24.Can you make the dog stand still?
你能讓那只狗站著不動嗎？主謂賓補
25.The landlord had them working day and night.地主讓他們整天工作，主謂賓補
26.A sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing.扎實的語法知識對于寫作是重要的。主系表
27.We all breathe, eat，and drink.我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。主謂
28.I woke up at 6:00 in the morning。
我在早上6點鐘起床。主謂
29.The book weighs five kilos.那本書重達10斤。主謂，five kilos做狀語
30.They will be flying to London.他們將飛往倫敦。主謂賓
第三篇：英語句子成分（范文）
英語句子成分
先來認識一下詞性。記住下列縮寫，查字典時就比較方便了
名詞(nouns）n.代詞（pronoun）pron.形容詞(adjective）adj.或a.副詞（adverb)adv.動詞（Verb）v.介詞（preposition）prep.連詞（conjunction）conj.及物動詞vt.不及物動詞vi.這里所說的詞，不是指一個單詞，而是指一個邏輯上相當于一個詞的單位。比如：Shandong Province就視作一個詞。當然，大多數詞只由一個單詞構成。
名詞是指人、物、事等實體或抽象事物的詞，在句子中通常可以用代詞來替代，可以分為專有名詞如Beijing，和普通名詞如book，專有名詞一般首字母大寫。
代詞是代替人、物、事等的一種詞，如漢語中我你他她它。代詞在句中相當于n.或adj.相當于名詞的代詞，如：人稱代詞（顧名思義，稱呼人的代詞）（he,him）、名詞性物主代詞（顧名思義，相當于名詞的指示東西的主人的代詞）(mine)、反身代詞（顧名思義，反躬自指的代詞）(myself)、相互代詞（顧名思義，幾個人相互指代的代詞）(each other,one another)、指示代詞（顧名思義，你指給我某個東西看時用的代詞）（this）、疑問代詞（顧名思義，發出疑問時用的代詞）(what)、不定代詞（顧名思義，讓智商低的人聽了不知道指誰的代詞）(all,one)等。相當于形容詞的代詞，如形容詞性物主代詞（顧名思義，相當于形容詞的指示東西的主人的代詞）(your)、指示代詞（this）、疑問代詞(what)、不定代詞(all,one)等。
動詞，就是用來表示各類動作的詞匯，基本上每個完整的句子都有一個動詞。動詞分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。及物動詞要且一定要接賓語，不及物動詞一定不能接賓語。這里的賓語是指從句子的語法角度看的賓語而不是指從邏輯關系角度看的賓語。如漢語“我去學校。”去是及物的。而英語“I go to school.”go是不及物的。但你可以把“go to”看成這個短語看成一個動詞，這樣go to就是個及物動詞了。大多數動詞是實意動詞。還有一種動詞叫系動詞，如am,is,feel,turn，prove，他們后面跟表語構成系表結構，系表結構就相當于謂語了，可以體會一下。還有情態動詞（如may,should），情態動詞后要加動詞原形。還有助動詞。
形容詞是用來修飾【名詞或相當于名詞的詞】的詞，副詞是一種用來修飾【動詞、形容詞、全句】的詞。按照表意可以分為表大小的形容詞，表顏色的形容詞，表材料的形容詞??表頻率的副詞，表時間的副詞，表地點的副詞??
介詞就像一個關系強大的黑中介，當有【名詞或相當于名詞的詞】要介入到這個句子中，但是主語賓語已經滿額了時，這個名詞就要委身作為這個介詞的賓語，兩者構成介賓短語，然后讓這個介詞帶它介入到句子中去。但即使兩人僥幸介入到了句子中，也往往擔任不了要職（主語，賓語），只能相當于形容詞或副詞做修飾說明的成分。I go to school.中的to school就是這樣一個介賓短語，它做的是地點狀語（顧名思義，表示地點的狀語）。
連詞是連接詞與詞，短語與短語以及句與句的詞匯。And就是個連詞。為了對稱的美感，連詞兩端盡量做到性質、形式相同，這可以幫助你理解一些語法題。
冠詞加在名詞前面，可以說是名詞的一種標志，冠詞有a,an,the.不定冠詞的“不定”和不定代詞的“不定”是一個意思哦！
數詞分為基數詞（幾）和序數詞（第幾）兩種。
助詞就是幫助別的詞或句子的詞，文言中的之乎者也之類的詞。助詞有結構助詞（如強調句中的that），時態助詞(如完成時中的have)等)。
練習：查字典指出下來詞的詞性；
AlthoughelsetheirsawareeverydayChinesemerelyIn front ofmuchsentencenoneno matter howhowever
讓我們還原一下英語由簡單到復雜的進化的歷程：（個人愚見，不要較真）
最開始，只有一些簡單的名詞，動詞，還沒有句子的概念，只是把詞堆起來。如：I pain help 之后就有了簡單的句子,按一定規則把名詞動詞穿起來。隨著句子的發展，需要表達更多意思形容詞，副詞，代詞等也開始發展了。最初的簡單句大致是主系表或者主謂賓。（在本文系動詞 謂語 賓語 表語(定語)[狀語] {補語} <同位語>）在之后句子就發展得更壯大了，為了說得更形象具體，定狀補等修飾成分出現，還知道使用介賓短語。I eat a(red)apple [happily].He makes me {cry} [in the morning].英語句子有一個原則：一個句子只有一個主語，一個謂語。可是這樣不便于羅列名詞和動詞，于是出現了and之類的連詞來連接并列的詞語，是語言簡單。
可再之后句子變得越來越長，人們想既然詞語可以用連詞連接，句子當然也可以，于是就進化出了連詞，有了連詞就有了復雜的長句子：并列句和復合句。但是長句子往往顯得不簡潔，為此，人們創造出了非謂語動詞的用法，也就是動名詞，現在分詞，過去分詞，不定式。打破了動詞只能做謂語的限制。
之后就出現了倒裝、省略、強調、虛擬語氣等有修飾作用的用法。
暫時講到這兒。下面介紹3種句子種類。
簡單句:通常，指含有一個主謂結構的句子。當然，使用連詞簡單連接動詞名詞了的簡單句任然認定為簡單句。如：
Time iswealth.Time and opportunity are wealth.Time is wealth and is shared with us all.并列句:含有兩個或更多各自獨立的主謂結構，并體現為兩個或更多各自獨立的分句（彼此是獨立的、是互不轄屬的），如：
Time iswealth and health is also wealth.復合句:含有兩個或更多各自獨立的主謂結構，并體現為兩個或更多有主次之分的分句（彼此不是獨立的，從句隸屬于主句），如各種XX從句：
Time is the wealth which is shared with us all.英語的一個句號、問號或嘆號標志著一句話的結束。通常情況下一句話必須屬于簡單句、并列句、復合句中的一種。英語中的冒號和分號起連詞的作用，不是一句話結束的標志。下面正式開講英語語句的結構成分。
先來體會一下：主語賓語通常由【名詞或相當于名詞的詞】來充當；謂語由【動詞或相當于動詞的詞】來充當；表語通常由【形容詞或名詞】或【相當于形容詞或名詞的詞】來充當；定語通常由【形容詞或相當于形容詞的詞】來充當；定語通常由【副詞或相當于副詞的詞】來充當。動名詞就是相當于名詞的詞。現在分詞、過去分詞是相當于形容詞或相當于副詞的詞，不定式最強大，是相當于名詞、形容詞或副詞的詞，介賓短語是相當于形容詞或副詞的詞，系表結構是相當于動詞的詞。這就是為什么要先講詞性再講句子成分的原因。主謂賓表應該沒問題了吧！
是形式主義，to please all是真正的主語。當然，你可以看到在不定式內部又可以劃分出結構to please all。在復雜的非謂語動詞詞組和從句中有可以劃分句子結構，這每一層都必須結構嚴謹。They take a fancy to these film stars.這個句子你既可以理解為：They take a fancy to these film stars.也可以理解為：They take a fancy [to these film stars].句子劃分可以不用太死板。有的動詞接兩個賓語，一個叫直接賓語，一個叫間接賓語。下面兩種說法中warm weather and flowers是直接賓語，us是間接賓語。
Spring brings us warm weather and flowers.Spring brings warm weather and flowers to us.有時謂語會比較復雜：If he hadn’t stayed on net, we would have parted company.練習：在以下的文字中, 有十二個首尾相接的句子, 這十二個句子各自主語部分的最后一詞分別是哪一個？請用下劃線標明。
A whole day’s walk yesterday with no plan tired the three children out our going there won’t help much one is an odd number the walking for long did them no harm these experiments show them that danger what we do willingly is easy her coming at the weekend can give a great pleasure to the children everything she did is this to study may tell you how to study it is certain that the electric brain can not take the place of the human brain after all the wanted is here
答 案
A whole day’s walk yesterday with no plan tired the three children out our going there won’t help much one is an odd number the walking for long did them no harm these experiments show them that danger what we do willingly is easy her coming at the weekend can give a great pleasure to the children everything she did is this to study may tell you how to study it is certain that the electric brain can not take the place of the human brain after all the wanted is here
定狀補是修飾成分。定語修飾名詞，狀語修飾動詞，賓語補足語是說明賓語怎么怎么樣的，通常賓語和賓語補足語單拿出來加上系動詞或不加，能形成一句話。主語補足語是說明主語怎么怎么樣的，原理同賓語補足語類似。
感受一下這個例子：
[After a(few more days’)desert tramping], we [accidentally] saw（several）（wild）camels {run [away] [rapidly] [in the distance]}.[又經過(幾天的)沙漠跋涉]，我們[偶然]看見(幾只)(野)駱駝{[從遠處][飛快地]跑[遠了]}。
漢語中帶“的 ”的是定語，帶“地”的是狀語，帶“得”的是補語。
這就是傳說中的現在分詞作補語了：
We found the water {moving below some unknown plants}.這就是傳說中的帶to和不帶to的不定式作補語了：
The water made us {know water {to have so great worth}}.兩個補語可拆成：We know water to have so great worth.和Water has so great worth.主語補足語是這樣的： 下面我們來欣賞一下各種奇怪的定語和狀語，一般的就不列舉了。
He made(a thousand and one)excuses.Things(suitable for us)are always those(ignored by us).(后置定語)
He is the first(to come).The best way（to be safe）is [never] to feel secure.All is fish(that comes to net).(定語修飾all)
[Even if an ass travels [over the whole world]], he may not come home [a horse].We eat [to live], we don’t live [to eat].倒裝句)
Your grade is good [enough].At open doors dogs come [in].同位語,這個簡單到家了。
In the first class, our vocal music teacher, , gave us all an especial gift,or rather .I love you,
Where there is whispering, to be honest,there is lying.英語語句中用作插入語的常見詞語after all, as a result, briefly, in addition, strange to say......看幾種修飾手法： 狀語置于句首，倒裝以示強調)用特殊句首強調)感嘆句)
Smoking here isn’t safe，is it?（反義疑問句）If we had no enemies, the good luck would forget us.（虛擬語氣）
Wish you success!(祈使句)倒裝句)
練習：畫出句子成分（下面一段選自《簡愛》開頭）
There was no possibility of taking a walk that day.We had been wandering, indeed, in the leafless shrubbery(n,灌木林)an hour in the morning;but since dinner(Mrs.Reed, when there was no company, dined early)the cold winter wind had brought with it clouds so sombre(a.陰沉的), and a rain so penetrating(a.刺骨的), that further outdoor exercise was now out of the question.I was glad of it: I never liked long walks, especially on chilly(a.寒冷的)afternoons: dreadful to me was the coming home in the raw twilight(n.黃昏), with nipped fingers and toes, and a heart saddened by the chidings(n.斥責)of Bessie, the nurse, and humbled(v.使受挫)by the consciousness(=awareness)of my physical inferiority(n.虛弱)to Eliza, John, and Georgiana Reed.略微文藝一點的譯文：
那天，出去散步是不可能了。其實，早上我們還在光禿禿的灌木林中溜達了一個小時，但從午飯時起（無客造訪時，里德太太很早就用午飯）便刮起了冬日凜冽的寒風，隨后陰云密布，大雨滂沱，室外的活動也就只能作罷了。我倒是求之不得。我向來不喜歡遠距離散步，尤其在冷颼颼的下午。試想，陰冷的薄暮時分回得家來，手腳都凍僵了，還要受到保姆貝茵的數落，又自覺體格不如伊麗莎、約翰和喬治亞娜，心里既難過又慚愧，那情形委實可怕。答案： indeed, [in the(leafless)shrubbery] [an hour] [in the morning];but [since dinner] [when there was no company], dined had brought [with {(so)sombre}, {(so)penetrating}, [that further was [now] out of the was glad [of it]: [never] liked(long)walks, [especially] [on chilly afternoons]]: [dreadful [to me] home [in the(raw)twilight], [with(nipped)fingers and toes, and a heart {saddened
[by the chidings](of Bessie),
當然你可以有其他的理解方式,只要不會誤解原意即可。
第四篇：英語句子成分
句子成分(Members of a Sentence)
為什么又要分詞類(parts of speech)，又要分句子成分呢？兩者關系密切，但兩者是不同的概念。同一個詞類可以在句中充當不同的成分，同一個句子成分也可以由不同的詞類來擔任。
什么叫句子成分呢？句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關系，按照不同的關系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當。現代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語。英語的基本成分有六種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓語（object）、定語（attribute）和狀語(adverbial)。英語句子成分中,有些具有形態標志。如第一人稱代詞作主語就用主格“Ｉ”,作賓語用賓格“me”，作定語用所有格“my”。這些形態變化對分析辨認成分很有幫助。
漢語與英語就句子成分表面上看來差不多，實際上有不少差別。例如：
(1)Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.小李回家后, 立刻就睡覺了。(2)I'll go when I have had my dinner.我吃了飯就去。
在英語中，同一個主語在第二次出現時不能省略，必須把每個謂語所陳述的對象都表示出來。而在漢語中，同一個主語在句
“小李回家后立刻就睡覺了”，省去了第二個分句的主語，倒可以避免造成誤解。若將第二次出現的主語補出來，說成“小李回家后，他立刻就睡覺了”。聽的人反而可能把那個“他”誤會成另一個人。把句子的各個成分搞清楚，也就是把句子各部分的關系搞清楚。做到這一點，才可以準確地理解句子的意思或造出結構正確、意思明白的句子。有一點要注意，在分析句子結構時，應該抓住主要成分。我們分析句子結構，劃分句子成分無非是為了理解，或者是為了造句。這個目的達到了就行了，不必過于細致，更不要鉆牛角尖，否則就會事倍功半。各種語言有各自的規則、各自的習慣，而且語言是很靈活的東西，發展過程也很復雜，很難把語法的現象都做出明確、統一的解釋來。在使用一種語言時，語法應讓位于習慣。符合習慣的，有時盡管不符合語法，也是正確的。英語句子有長在短，有簡有繁，從現象看，似乎千變萬化，難以捉摸，但從實質看，可以發現其內在聯系，找出其共同規律。英語句子的基本結構可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結構的基礎。
英語五種基本句型列式如下： 一： Ｓ Ｖ（主＋謂）二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ（主＋謂＋表）三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）基本句型 一
此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。
Ｓ │ Ｖ（不及物動詞）
1.The sun │was shining.2.The moon │rose.3.The universe │remains.4.We all │breathe, eat, and drink.5.Who │cares?
6.What he said │does not matter.7.They │talked for half an hour.8.The pen │writes smoothly 1.太陽在照耀著。2.月亮升起了。3.宇宙長存。
4.我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5.管它呢？
6.他所講的沒有什么關系。7.他們談了半個小時。這支筆書寫流利。基本句型 二
此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態的表語構成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類：be, look, keep, seem等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。
Ｓ │Ｖ（是系動詞）│ Ｐ
1.This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.2.The dinner │smells │good.3.He │fell │in love.4.Everything │looks │different.5.He │is growing │tall and strong.6.The trouble│is │that they are short of money.7.Our well │has gone │dry.8.His face │turned │red.1.這是本英漢辭典。
2.午餐的氣味很好。3.他墮入了情網。
4.一切看來都不同了。5.他長得又高又壯。麻煩的是他們缺少錢。7.我們井干枯了。
8.他的臉紅了。基本句型 三
此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物動詞）│ Ｏ
1.Who │knows │the answer? 2.She │smiled │her thanks.3.He │has refused │to help them.4.He │enjoys │reading.5.They │ate │what was left over.6.He │said │“Good morning.” 7.I │want │to have a cup of tea.8.He │admits │that he was mistaken.1.誰知道答案？
2.她微笑表示感謝。3.他拒絕幫他們。
4.他喜歡看書。5.他們吃了剩飯。
6.他說：“早上好！” 我想喝杯茶。
8.他承認犯了錯誤。基本句型 四
此句型的句子有一個共同特點：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。通常這一間接承受者用一個介詞來連接，當動作的間接承受者在動作的直接承受者之前時，這一介詞被省略。
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ ｏ（多指人）│ Ｏ（多指物）
1.She │ordered │herself │a new dress.2.She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal.3.He │brought │you │a dictionary.4.He │denies │her │nothing.5.I │showed │him │my pictures.6.I │gave │my car │a wash.7.I │told │him │that the bus was late.8.He │showed │me │how to run the machine.1.她給自己定了一套新衣裳。2.她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。3.他給你帶來了一本字典。
4.他對她什么都不拒絕。5.我給他看我的照片。我洗了我的汽車。7.我告訴他汽車晚點了。
8.他教我開機器。基本句型 五
此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（賓語）│ Ｃ（賓補）
1.They │appointed │him │manager.2.They │painted │the door │green.3.This │set │them │thinking.4.They │found │the house │deserted.5.What │makes │him │think so? 6.We │saw │him │out.7.He │asked │me │to come back soon.8.I │saw │them │getting on the bus.1.他們任命他當經理。
2.他們把門漆成綠色。3.這使得他們要細想一想。
4.他們發現那房子無人居住。5.他怎么會這樣想？
6.我們送他出去。他要我早點回來。
8.我看見他們上了那輛公共汽車。
但常用的英語句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡短，這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語（modifier）而加以擴大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數詞），也可以是
各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。下面以基本句型五為例： We found the hall full.我們發現禮堂坐滿了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我們發現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我們發現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師，在聽一個重要報告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我們發現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師，在聽人民日報的一位同志作有關東歐局勢的重要報告。
不同的動詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，因此在學習動詞時，應掌握動詞的類型。
第五篇：經典英語句子成分分析
簡單句、并列句和復合句
（一）句子種類兩種分類法
1、按句子的用途可分四種：
1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old;She didn't hear of you before.2）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she?
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys;Don't talk in class
4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的結構可分三種：
1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。
e.g.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2)并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號（；）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構成。
e.g.You help him and he helps you.The future is bright;the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語從句等。
e.g.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）簡單句的五種基本句型
1、主語+系動詞+表語：e.g.He is a student.2、主語+不及物動詞：e.g.We work.3、主語+及物動詞+賓語：e.g.Henry bought a dictionary.4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）：e.g.My father bought me a car.5、主語+及物動詞+復合賓語（賓語+賓補）：e.g.Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴展、變化或省略而構成。
（三）并列句的分類
1、表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等連接。e.g.The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g.Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.3、表示轉折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g.He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果關系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。e.g.August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.按要求完成下列句子：
1.He dares to tell the truth.（改為否定句）
2.They have lived here for more than ten years.（對畫線部分提問）
3.There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________?（完成反意疑問）
4.You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改為祈使句）
5.They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改為一般疑問句)
6.It is an interesting story.（改為感嘆句）
7.This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（對畫線部分提問）
8.They could hardly believe his words, ____________?（完成反意疑問）
9.The moon is shining brightly.（改為感嘆句）
10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class.（對畫線部分提問）
答案1.He doesn't dare to tell the truth.或He dare not tell the truth.2.How long have they lived here? 3.won't there 4.Be careful with your pronunciation.5.Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening? 6.What an interesting story(it is)!或How interesting the story is!7.How often does this magazine come out? 8.could they 9.How brightly the moon is shining!10.Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class?
it作形式主語常見句式
動詞不定式，動名詞或主語從句作主語時，通常把它們放在謂語動詞前，而用it作形式主語，放到句首，常見句型有：
1.It + be + 形容詞+主語從句，如：
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.2.It + be + 名詞詞組 + 主語從句，這類名詞有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，a question等，如：
It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.It remains a question whether he will come or not.3.It + be + 過去分詞 + 主語從句，這類過去分詞有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等，如：
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.4.It + 不及物動詞(seem, appear, happen等)+ 主語從句, 這類不及物動詞有：appear, happen, seem等，如： It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth.It happened that I was out when he called.5.It + be + 形容詞 + for sb.）+ 動詞不定式
這類句型常用形容詞easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise等作表語，有時候為了強調不定式動作的執行者，常在不定式前加for sb，如：
It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign language.It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.這類形容詞有：easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise 6.It + be + 形容詞 + of sb.+ 動詞不定式，這類形容詞常是表示心理品質,性格特征的形容詞，如：kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和這些形容詞可以構成主系表結構。如：
It’s very kind of you to help me with the work.=You are kind to help me.It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others.=He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others.7.It + be +名詞詞組 + 動詞不定式，如： It is not a good habit to stay up too late.8.It + be + 名詞或形容詞 + 動名詞，這類名詞和形容詞常常是：good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等，如：
It’s a waste of time talking to her any more.It is no use arguing about the matter with him.9.It + take(sb.)+ 時間（金錢）+ 動詞不定式，如：
It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.實戰演練：
1.It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.(NMET 1997)
A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 2.In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.(2001 上海)
A.this B.that C.there D.it
3.is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET1995)
A.There B.This C.That D.It
4.Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab?(MET88)
A.everyone B.this C.her D.it
5.________ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.A.It B.I C.We D.They
6.It is no use his _________ there, the situation is hopeless now.A.to go B.to be going C.going D.having gone 7.It is never too late to learn, ________?
A.is it B.isn’t it C.does it D.doesn’t it
8.___________ is known to all that Shenzhou VI Launched Successfully.A.As B.What C.It D.That
9._______ is reported in the newspaper, the Earthquake in east China's JiangxiProvince killed 13 people
A.It B.As C.That D.What
10.___________ certain that his invention will make people’s life convenient.A.That’s B.This is C.It’s D.What’s
11._________ that there is another football match on the air this evening.A.It says B.It was said C.It is said D.What was said 12.__________ that their daughter got an opportunity to study abroa
d.A.It’s a exciting news B.This is an exciting news C.This is exiting news D.It’s exciting news 參考答案：
1——5 BDDDA 6——10CACAC 11——12CD
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