第一篇：美國文學(xué)綜合練習(xí)1附標(biāo)答

Test One

(Chapter1-2 with answers)

I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.1.____, whose unfinished Autobiography has become a classic of world literature.A.IrvingB.Franklin

C.CooperD.Bryant

2.The Declaration of Independence was drafted by ___.A.PaineB.Washington

C.FranklinD.Jefferson

3.The American literature is aboutyears old.A.200B.300

C.400D.500

4.Diaries, histories, journals, letters, commonplace book, travel books occupy a major position in the literature of the ____ period.A.classicalB.romantic

C.realisticD.colonial

5.To what rights does the Declaration of Independence say all men are entitled?

A.Life, liberty and pursuit of happiness

B.Freedom of Speech and press

C.Freedom of Thought and education

D.Abolishing all evil forms

6.____ was the only American to sign the four documents that created the United States

A.FranklinB.Jefferson

C.EmersonD.Washington

7.The Pilgrims, a small religious group which left their mother country on the ship “Mayflower”, A.1492B.1628

C.1620D.1603

8.Which does not belong to the official documents that created the United States?

A.A.the Declaration of Independence

B.the Constitution

C.the Crisis

D.the treaty of alliance with France

9.As an explorer and leader,was been known as a national hero in America.A.Christopher ColumbusB.Captain John Smith

C.William BradfordD.Edward Taylor

10.Amid the tumult of the American Revolution, the political philosopher Thomas Paine, whose ____ awakened American enthusiasm for independence?

A.Common SenseB.Autobiography

C.WaldenD.History of the Dividing Line

11.“Government is a necessary evil, but its purpose was the benefit of the individual, not his exploitation.” is ____ point of view.A.Paine’sB.Jefferson’s

C.Cooper’sD.Emerson’s

12.The American Puritanism had been a healthy legacy to the Americans.The rhetoric is plain, with a touch of nobility traceable to the direct influence of ____

A.the ConstitutionB.the Bible

C.French symbolismD.Shakespeare

13.The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of ____.A.FranklinB.Emerson

C.JeffersonD.Hawthorne

14.Whose writing style is fresh, simple and direct while the rhetoric is plain and honest?.A.RomanticistsB.Transcendentalists

C.American PuritansD.British settlers

15.“Nothing can settle our affairs so expeditiously as an open and ditermined Declaration for Independence” is from ____.A.JeffersonB.Paine

C.CooperD.Emerson

16.Of the Puritan values, which one of the following is not included?A.hard workB.thrift

C.pietyD.predestination

17.____ is the only good American author before the Revolutionary War.A.FranklinB.Jefferson

C.EmersonD.John Smith

18.The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America was passed on July 4, ___

A.1775B.1777

C.1778D.1776

19.____was a Puritan and he was also one of the pilgriims who were on the Mayflower and signed the “Mayflower Conpact”.A.William FradfordB.Captain John Smith

C.John CalvinD.Edward Taylor

20.Which line is from Jefferson?

A.He has refused his Assent to Laws the most wholesome and necessary

for the public good.B.To a man laboring under calamity, the heat of his own fire hath sadness

in it.Then there is a kind of contempt of the landscape felt by him.C.There is a time in every man’s education when he arrives at the

conviction the envy is ignorance.D.Let him not quit his belief that a popgun is a popgun, though the ancient

and honorable of the earth affirm it to be the crack of doom.II.Read the following statements and decide whether they are true or false.Write a “T” for true and “F” for false.1.Franklin was already a successful businessman when Washington, Jefferson, and other founders of the nation were born.()

2.American Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature.()

3.The book “Of Plymouth Plantation” by William Bradford was not the earliest and most reliable record of the hardships and triumphs of the Pilgrims.()

4.Franklin helped establish a tradition in American writing of complex, utilitarian style.()

5.Captain John Smith’s writings helped set the form of the exploration and travel narratives that inspired men to move westward to America and across the continent.()

6.The American Puritans, like their brothers back in England, were not idealists.()

7.Jefferson thought that natural rights of man must be secured by law and government is not necessary.()

8.Franklin hoped that some form of reconciliation with Great Britain could be worked out.Pain, on the other hand, welcomed the idea of separation.()

9.The Way to Wealth shows how a child discovers through purchase of a toy that one may pay more for something than it is worth.()

10.In the formal, largely factual presentation of the Declaration there was no place for the metahpors and allusions upon which Paine relied so frequently.()

11.Thomas Paine’s attitude toward separation from Englanddiffer from the attitude of most Americans including Franklin.()

12.William Bradford was an adventurer, while Captain John Smith was a Puritan.()

III.For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary works from which it is taken.1.When in the Course of human events, if becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, …

2.And if a string do slip, by chance, they soon

Do screw it up again: whereby

They set it in a more melodious tune

And a diviner harmony.For in Christ’s coach they sweetly sing.As they to glory ride therein.3.Six or seven weeks those barbarians kept him prisoner, many strange triumphs and conjurations they made of him, yet he so demeaned himself amongst them, and he not only diverted them from surprising the fort, but

procured his own liberty, and got himself and his company such estimation amongst them, that those savages admired him more than their own Quiyouckosucks.The manner how they used and delivered him is as follows.4.After these things he returned to his place called Sowans, some 40 miles from this place, but Squanto continued with them, and was their interpreter, and was a special instrument sent of God for their good beyond their expectation, he directed them how to set their corn, where to take fish, and to procure other commodities, and was also their pilot to bring them to unknown places for their profit, and never left them till he died.5.From a Child I was fond of Reading, and all the little Money that came into my Hands was ever laid out in Books.Pleas’d with a Pilgrim’s Progress, my first Collection was of John Bunyan’s Works, in separate little Volumes.Key to Chapter 1-2 練習(xí)答案

I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.1.B2.D3.C4.D5.A

6.A7.C8.C9.B10.A

11.B12.B13.A14.C15.B

16.D17.A18.D19.A20.A

II.Read the following statements and decide whether they are true or false.Write a “T” for true and “F” for false.1.T2.T3.F4.F5.T6.F7.F8.T9.F10.T

11.T12.F

III.For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary works from which it is taken.1.Jefferson’s the Declaration of Independence

2.Edward Taylor’s The Joy of Church Fellowship Rightly Attended

3.Captain John Smith’s The Generall Historie

4.William Bradford’s The Pilgrims Meet the Indians

5.Franklin’s The Autobiography

第二篇：文學(xué)概論綜合練習(xí)

文學(xué)概論綜合練習(xí)題

題型及分?jǐn)?shù)分布

一、填空題，共15空，每空2分，共30分

二、列舉題，共3題，每題10分，共30分

三、簡答題，共1題，15分

四、論述題，共1題，25分

填空題

1、中國的第一部詩歌總集是________________，其中的作品大部分是四言一句，稱為_____________。

2、從四言詩向五言、七言過渡時(shí)期的詩體，是_____________和漢初的_____________

3、唐代五七言_____________和_____________，稱為近體詩

4、中國古代的詩大多是合樂歌唱的，在宋代的代表是詞，又稱詩余、_____________。元代的代表體裁是_____________

5、在中國詩體形式規(guī)范的發(fā)展中，一個(gè)重大的演變是從古代的格律詩過渡到現(xiàn)代的_____________

6、在西方，“詩”一詞源于希臘語，包括_____________和非韻文形式的作品，古希臘的_____________開敘事詩之先河。

7、彼德拉克創(chuàng)立的_____________是西方典型的一種格律詩，而西方的自由詩，是由美國的_____________創(chuàng)立的8、西方自由詩的代表性作品是惠特曼的_____________，自由詩還包括散文詩，魯迅寫于1924年的_____________是中國散文詩的代表作。

9、中國古代散文最初分為記言和記事兩種，記言逐漸演變?yōu)開____________，如諸子百家，記事發(fā)展為史傳文，司馬遷的_____________是其范例

10、南北朝時(shí)的著名文論家劉勰把各類文章分成兩大類，其中有韻的詩賦稱為_____________，不押韻的各種散體文章稱為_____________

11、明代主張“獨(dú)抒性靈”的散文流派是_____________，清代占統(tǒng)治地位的散文流派稱為_____________，他們思想保守，可取之處是文章寫得謹(jǐn)嚴(yán)精煉

12、西方的隨筆（essay）這個(gè)名稱，是由法國作家_____________創(chuàng)造的，隨后_____________把這種文體引進(jìn)了英國

13、中國小說真正的淵源是魏晉南北朝的志人、志怪小說，前者以劉義慶的_____________為代表，后者以干寶的_____________為代表

14、唐代小說的代表性體裁稱為_____________，以《鶯鶯傳》《霍小玉傳》《枕中記》等為代表，宋代的小說主要體裁為_____________，是說書人講述古史舊事、英雄傳奇的底本。

15、明清時(shí)期，中國古典小說達(dá)到巔峰，章回體小說發(fā)展成熟，代表性作品如羅貫中的_____________，施耐庵的_____________、吳承恩的_____________、曹雪芹的_____________等

16、進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)，梁啟超提倡_____________，推動了現(xiàn)代小說在中國的發(fā)展，成功的白話小說以_____________的《吶喊》《彷徨》為代表

17、西方的小說發(fā)展歷史上，文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期以薄伽丘的_____________為先導(dǎo)，短篇小說創(chuàng)作日漸興盛，塞萬提斯的_____________奠定了歐洲近代小說的基本樣式

18、西方進(jìn)入19世紀(jì)，浪漫主義和現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)思潮全面興起，在小說上，法國作家_____________的《巴黎圣母院》和_____________的《人間喜劇》分別成為兩者的代表性作品

19、小說的敘述視角通常是由敘述人稱決定的，一般來說有四種情形，_____________、_____________、第二人稱敘述和人稱或視角轉(zhuǎn)換敘述

20、在小說的人物塑造中，通常會把小說人物分為_____________和_____________兩種，前者是具有

單一或簡單性格的人物，后者是具有多種復(fù)雜性格特征，內(nèi)蘊(yùn)豐富的人物

21、小說中的空間是敘述空間，是由作家選擇的_____________、_____________、_____________、_____________這些因素交織在一起而構(gòu)成的。

22、中國傳統(tǒng)的戲劇基本形式都是由唱做念打構(gòu)成，劇本總是由_____________和_____________構(gòu)成，前者用韻文，后者用散文

23、_____________和_____________統(tǒng)稱為影視文學(xué)

24、戲劇的結(jié)構(gòu)處理方式多種多樣，但一般有兩種類型，一種叫_____________，另一種可以叫做_____________

25、_____________的《玩偶之家》，曹禺的_____________是鎖閉式結(jié)構(gòu)的典范，_____________的《威尼斯商人》，老舍的_____________則是開放式結(jié)構(gòu)的杰作

26、影視文學(xué)的一大特征是_____________結(jié)構(gòu)，它原是法語montage的音譯，原是建筑學(xué)名詞，意為裝配和組合，用在影視藝術(shù)上即為鏡頭的剪輯和組合的方式。

27、文學(xué)閱讀具有消費(fèi)功能、_____________功能和_____________功能

28、文學(xué)閱讀的效果可以從三個(gè)方面看，分別是_____________、_____________和文化交流效果

29、就個(gè)體而言，閱讀的效果是有差別的，大致有三個(gè)不同層次的效果表現(xiàn)，分別是_____________、創(chuàng)造性、_____________

30、毛詩序中說，詩可以“經(jīng)夫婦、成孝敬、厚人倫，美教化，移風(fēng)俗”，這是典型的_____________型批評

31、評點(diǎn)是中國一種傳統(tǒng)的批評文體，在小說點(diǎn)評中，_____________的《紅樓夢》評點(diǎn)，毛宗崗的_____________評點(diǎn)，都是其中的成功典范

32、現(xiàn)代心理分析批評模式的最早應(yīng)用者是_____________，他關(guān)于古希臘悲劇《俄狄浦斯王》與莎士比亞悲劇《哈姆萊特》的論述，與其代表作《夢的解析》的發(fā)表一同引起關(guān)注

列舉：

1、請列舉美國文學(xué)批評家艾布拉姆斯在《鏡與燈》中所提出的“文學(xué)四要素”

2、請列舉教材中提到的六種文學(xué)觀念

3、請列舉文學(xué)文本的呈現(xiàn)類型，并各舉出一個(gè)例子

4、請列舉文學(xué)文本的文化類型，并各舉出一個(gè)例子

5、文學(xué)文本的五個(gè)層面分別是什么

6、請列舉文學(xué)媒介的五個(gè)發(fā)展階段

7、詩根據(jù)抒情和敘事元素比重不同，可以分為哪兩類，請分別舉出兩種體裁

8、請列舉五種格律詩的體裁

9、根據(jù)小說篇幅的長短，小說可以分為哪幾個(gè)類型，請分別舉一個(gè)例子

10、根據(jù)戲劇沖突的性質(zhì)以及它對讀者的感染作用，戲劇文學(xué)可以分成哪幾種類型？請分別舉一個(gè)例子

11、請列舉文學(xué)批評的四種基本批評類型

12、請列舉文學(xué)批評的六種批評文體

簡答題

1、詩的基本特征是什么，請結(jié)合作品，對其中一個(gè)特征進(jìn)行簡單分析

2、散文的基本特征是什么，請結(jié)合作品，對其中一個(gè)特征進(jìn)行簡單分析

3、小說的基本特征是什么，請結(jié)合作品，對其中一個(gè)特征進(jìn)行簡單分析

4、戲劇文學(xué)的基本特征是什么，請結(jié)合作品，對其中一個(gè)特征進(jìn)行簡單分析

論述題

1、什么是“意象”，它有什么特征，請舉出一首詩歌作品，分析其中的意象

2、什么是“意境”，它有什么特征，請舉出一部文學(xué)作品，分析其中的意境

3、什么是“文學(xué)典型”，它有什么特征，請結(jié)合你的閱讀體會，分析一個(gè)文學(xué)典型

4、文學(xué)閱讀過程一般包含哪幾個(gè)階段，請結(jié)合你自己的閱讀體會，進(jìn)行分析

文學(xué)概論綜合練習(xí)參考答案

一、填空題

1、詩經(jīng)四言詩

2、楚辭雜言樂府

3、律詩絕句

4、長短句散曲

5、自由詩

6、韻文荷馬史詩

7、十四行詩惠特曼

8、草葉集野草

9、論說文史記

10、文筆

11、公安派桐城派

12、蒙田培根

13、世說新語搜神記

14、傳奇話本

15、三國演義水滸傳西游記紅樓夢

16、小說界革命魯迅

17、十日談堂吉訶德

18、雨果巴爾扎克

19、第一人稱敘述第三人稱敘述

20、扁平人物圓形人物

21、地域范圍景致器物社會環(huán)境文化氛圍

22、唱詞賓白

23、電影劇本電視劇本

24、鎖閉式結(jié)構(gòu)開放式結(jié)構(gòu)

25、易卜生雷雨莎士比亞茶館

26、蒙太奇

27、鑒賞認(rèn)知

28、個(gè)體效果社會效果

29、愉悅性提升性

30、道德教化

31、脂硯齋三國演義

32、弗洛伊德

二、列舉題

1、宇宙、作品、藝術(shù)家、觀眾

2、摹仿論、實(shí)用論、表現(xiàn)論、體驗(yàn)論、語言論、文化論

3、再現(xiàn)型，如巴爾扎克在《高老頭》中對伏蓋公寓的描寫，表現(xiàn)型，如余光中的《鄉(xiāng)愁》；象征型，如梁小斌《中國，我的鑰匙丟了》

4、高雅文化文本、大眾文化文本、民間文化文本

5、語言層、形象層、意蘊(yùn)層、余意層、衍意層

6、口語媒介、文字媒介、印刷媒介、大眾媒介、網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒介

7、抒情詩：如田園詩、山水詩、牧歌、詠史詩等，敘事詩，如史詩、故事詩、詩劇、詩體小說等

8、律詩、絕句、詞、曲、十四行等

9、長篇小說、中篇小說、短篇小說、微型小說

10、悲劇（《竇娥冤》、《哈姆萊特》、《雷雨》等）喜劇（《威尼斯商人》等）正劇（《玩偶之家》《龍須溝》等）

11、審美欣賞型、理性認(rèn)知型、道德教化型、消遣娛樂型

12、以詩論詩式、評點(diǎn)式、評傳式、序跋式、隨筆式、論文式

簡答題

1、詩的特征是：（1）語詞凝練新奇，（2）結(jié)構(gòu)跳躍簡約，（3）形象鮮明生動，（4）情感濃郁強(qiáng)烈。

2、散文的特征是（1）語言運(yùn)作自由，（2）結(jié)構(gòu)形散神聚，（3）表述對象廣泛，（4）抒寫真情實(shí)感

3、小說的特征是：（1）語言包容舒展，（2）敘述故事情節(jié)，（3）塑造人物性格，（4）建構(gòu)時(shí)空情境。

4、戲劇文學(xué)的特征是：（1）語言富于個(gè)性和動感，（2）結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，（3）矛盾沖突尖銳

論述題

1、“意象”就是表意之象，指的是文學(xué)作品中具有表意性功能的文學(xué)形象，它往往具有特定的哲理意味或者觀念內(nèi)涵。

意象的特點(diǎn)

指意性：往往是為了表達(dá)特定條件下生成的一種觀念或者認(rèn)識

暗示性：往往通過隱喻、轉(zhuǎn)義等等方式，暗示其內(nèi)在的意義

朦朧性：往往顯得意味多樣、景象晦暗，不能最終確定其意義

2、文學(xué)意境是一種獨(dú)特的文學(xué)形象，是通過讀者的感會于心，以情景交融、虛實(shí)相生的方式呈現(xiàn)的，具有韻味無窮的閱讀特點(diǎn)的審美畫面

意境具有如下幾方面的特征

情景交融

虛實(shí)相生

感會于心

3、文學(xué)典型是一種重要的文學(xué)形象，是一種以獨(dú)特的個(gè)別去顯現(xiàn)普遍性的人物或事物的形象 文學(xué)典型的特征

從價(jià)值形態(tài)上看，典型是“這一個(gè)”，具有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性

從審美表現(xiàn)看，典型是現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的真實(shí)性寫照，具有歷史性

從閱讀接受看，典型給人的感受復(fù)雜多樣，具有多義性

從修辭效果看，典型形象可以激發(fā)人的強(qiáng)烈認(rèn)同感

4、文學(xué)閱讀過程一般包含四個(gè)階段

發(fā)生階段：這是文學(xué)閱讀過程的發(fā)端

發(fā)展階段：文學(xué)閱讀繼發(fā)生之后的拓展與深化過程

高潮階段：是文學(xué)閱讀達(dá)到頂端的時(shí)刻，這一階段包含共鳴、凈化、領(lǐng)悟等過程

后效階段：是文學(xué)閱讀高潮完結(jié)后的效果延續(xù)過程

第三篇：《中國知青文學(xué)》閱讀練習(xí)附答案

試題內(nèi)容：

（一）閱讀下面的文字，完成1——3題。（9分，每小題3分）

在新中國的歷史上，1953年是“上山下鄉(xiāng)”的起始之年，是中國知青文學(xué)的起點(diǎn)。此后，文壇便出現(xiàn)了一批描寫知識青年回鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)新農(nóng)村的文學(xué)作品。這一時(shí)期的文學(xué)作品有著共同而鮮明的主題，即“革命理想與革命豪情，以及這種理想與豪情在現(xiàn)實(shí)斗爭中的消長變化，最終升華為對革命理念最大限度的張揚(yáng)和歌頌”。

“文革”結(jié)束后，“歸來”的“右派”作家，批判“文革”、反思?xì)v史，將歷史的傷痕展示于眾。以反思“文革”、批判“極左”路線為主題的傷痕文學(xué)成為新時(shí)期的文學(xué)主潮。展示傷痕的同時(shí)，作家們不忘記與主流政治價(jià)值保持一致，將作品的主題歸到“赦免個(gè)人，擱置對歷史與人性的討論，團(tuán)結(jié)一致向前看”上面。

“文革”結(jié)束后返回城市的知青作家，更多是通過回憶性敘述，書寫知青的困惑與迷茫，以及暴露知青歲月時(shí)的傷痛與陰暗。這些創(chuàng)作可以歸入傷痕文學(xué)的大類里，也有些學(xué)者將這些作品及之后的知青文學(xué)作品歸入反思文學(xué)。從傷痕文學(xué)一脈下來的知青文學(xué)，展示蹉跎歲月的壯麗與沉湎于青春失落的情緒占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位，并沒有對知青這一代人與歷史的關(guān)系進(jìn)行更深入的思考。在魔幻現(xiàn)實(shí)主義、象征主義等現(xiàn)代派思想的影響下，知青文學(xué)的創(chuàng)作主體開始反省并尋求藝術(shù)上的突破。面對現(xiàn)代主義思潮，中國文學(xué)的主導(dǎo)文化受到來自創(chuàng)新的新文化的沖擊。主導(dǎo)文化中的變革因子與創(chuàng)新文化相結(jié)合，催生了尋根文學(xué)的發(fā)生。

尋根文學(xué)是知青作家面對現(xiàn)代主義沖擊的自然反應(yīng)，但同時(shí)也是他們追蹤現(xiàn)代主義的結(jié)果。陳曉明教授認(rèn)為：“‘尋根’可以從西方現(xiàn)代主義的高度撤退下來，回到熟悉的民族本位，甚至再回到以現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的手法書寫鄉(xiāng)村生活，而并不一定會失去現(xiàn)代主義的藝術(shù)性質(zhì)或水準(zhǔn)，這是中國作家豁然開朗領(lǐng)悟到的一個(gè)境界。”

在新世紀(jì)的今天，知青文學(xué)已經(jīng)成為歷史。知青文學(xué)與政治意識的緊密聯(lián)系決定了它的厚度與反思的力度有限。很多知青小說反思“文革”，批判極左路線，沒有反思人性，更沒有反思中國人在那個(gè)時(shí)期應(yīng)該承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。隨著文學(xué)多元化時(shí)代的到來，知青文學(xué)所秉持的隱晦的價(jià)值受到消解，而知青文學(xué)也響起了喪鐘。總的來看，知青文學(xué)是中國特殊時(shí)期政治話語的文學(xué)表達(dá)。當(dāng)新時(shí)期的主導(dǎo)價(jià)值觀念變成穩(wěn)定的社會意識時(shí)，知青文學(xué)便失去了它固有的作用。

（節(jié)選自2014年1月《文化觀察》，有刪改）

1．下面關(guān)于原文內(nèi)容的表述，不正確的一項(xiàng)是

A．早在1953年文壇就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一批描寫知識青年回鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)新農(nóng)村的文學(xué)作品，在新中國歷史上，1953年可以看作是中國知青文學(xué)的起點(diǎn)。

B．知青文學(xué)作品的主題比較統(tǒng)一鮮明，而且最終升華為“對革命理念最大限度的張揚(yáng)和歌頌”。

C．“文革”結(jié)束以后返回城市的知青作家創(chuàng)作的文學(xué)作品，有人把它們歸類為傷痕文學(xué)，也有人把它們歸類到反思文學(xué)里。

D．從傷痕文學(xué)一脈下來的知青文學(xué)，并沒有對知青這一代人與歷史的關(guān)系進(jìn)行更深入的思考，更多的是展示蹉跎歲月的壯麗與沉湎于青春失落的情緒。

2．下列理解和分析，不符合原文意思的一項(xiàng)是

A．“文革”結(jié)束以后，傷痕文學(xué)雖然在反思“文革”、批判“極左”路線，但作品的主題與主流政治價(jià)值保持了一致，擱置了“對歷史與人性的討論”。

B．由尋根文學(xué)的出現(xiàn)可見，中國知青作家受到了現(xiàn)代主義的沖擊，同時(shí)也在追蹤現(xiàn)代主義。

C．在魔幻現(xiàn)實(shí)主義、象征主義等現(xiàn)代派思想的影響下，知青文學(xué)的創(chuàng)作主體開始反省并尋求藝術(shù)上的突破，于是催生了尋根文學(xué)。

D．陳曉明教授認(rèn)為中國作家已經(jīng)領(lǐng)悟到：尋根文學(xué)可以從追蹤西方現(xiàn)代主義的高度撤下來，撤下來也不一定會失去現(xiàn)代主義的藝術(shù)性質(zhì)或水準(zhǔn)。

3．根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，下列說法不正確的一項(xiàng)是

A．中國文學(xué)的主導(dǎo)文化受到現(xiàn)代主義思潮的沖擊，致使主導(dǎo)文化中的變革因子與創(chuàng)新文化相結(jié)合，于是催生了尋根文學(xué)的發(fā)生。

B．已成為歷史的知青文學(xué)的厚度與反思力度是有限的，這正是因?yàn)樗冀K與國家的政治意識緊密相聯(lián)。

C．文學(xué)多元化時(shí)代已經(jīng)到來，而且穩(wěn)定的社會意識成為了新時(shí)期的主導(dǎo)價(jià)值觀念，知青文學(xué)所奉守的隱晦的價(jià)值也就被消解掉了。

D．從知青文學(xué)到傷痕文學(xué)，再到反思文學(xué)和尋根文學(xué)，我們都可以看到，中國文學(xué)很容易受到特殊時(shí)期的政治話語權(quán)影響的。

試題答案：

1．A（1953年之后不久）

2．C（是主導(dǎo)文化中的變革因子與創(chuàng)新文化相結(jié)合，催生了尋根文學(xué)）

3．D（以偏概全，知青文學(xué)和尋根文學(xué)、反思文學(xué) 會受到特殊時(shí)期的政治話語權(quán)影響）

第四篇：美國文學(xué)名詞解釋

1.AmericanTranscendentalism:①transcendentalism has been defined philosophically as “ the recognition in man of the capability of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses.②transcendentalists stress the importance of the Over-soul, the Individual and Nature.Other concepts that accompanied transcendentalism include the idea that nature is enabling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, self-reliant.New England transcendentalism is the product of a combination of Native American Puritanism and European romanticism.③some prominent representatives include Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau.2.Free verse

free verse means the rhymed or unrhymed poetry composed without paying attention to conversational rules of meter.Free verse was originated by a group of French poets of the late 19th century.Their purpose was to free themselves from the restrictions of formal metrical patterns and to recreate instead the free rhymes of nature period.Walt Whitman?s leaves of grass is perhaps the most notable example.3.American Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the puritans.The Puritans were originally members of a division of the protestant church who wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices.They accepted the doctrines of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God.American literature in the 17th century mostly consisted of Puritan literature.Puritanism had an enduring influence on American literature.It had become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, so much a part of national cultural atmosphere, rather than a set of tenets.it comes from the American puritans, who were the first immigrants moved to American continent in the 17th century.Original sin, predestination（預(yù)言）and salvation（拯救）were the basic ideas of American Puritanism.And, hard-working, piousness（虔誠,盡職），thrift and sobriety（清醒）were praised.4.American Dream: American dream means the belief that everyone can succeed as long as he/she works hard enough.It usually implies a successful and satisfying life.It usually framed in terms of American capitalism（資本主義）, its associated purported meritocracy,（知識界精華）and the freedoms guaranteed by the U.S.Bill of Rights.5.Imagism: the 1920s saw a vigorous literary activity in America.In poetry there appeared a strong reaction against Victorian poetry.Imagists placed primary reliance on the use of precise, sharp images as a means of poetic expression and stressed precision in the choice of words, freedom in the choice of subject matter and form, and

the use of colloquial language.Most of the imagist poets wrote in free verse, using such devices as assonance and alliteration rather than formal metrical schemes to give structure to their poetry..The movement which had these as its aims is known in literary history as Imagism.Its prime mover was Ezra Pound.6.American romanticism

①it is one of the most important periods in the history of American literature that stretches from the 18th century to the outbreak of the civil war.It started with the publication of Washington Irving?s The Sketch Book and ended with Walt Whitman?s Leaves of Grass.②being a period of the great flowering of American literature, it is also called “the American Renaissance ”.③American romantic works emphasize the imaginative and emotional qualities of nature literature.The strong tendency to eulogize the individual and common man was typical of this period.Most importantly, the writings of American Romanticism are typically American.Works concentrate on unique

characteristics of the American land.④New England Transcendentalism is the summit of American Romanticism.⑤Romanticists include such literary figures as Washington Irving, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, William Cullen Bryant, Henry Wordsworth Longfellow, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman and some others.

第五篇：美國文學(xué)名詞解釋

1.Naturalism:American naturalism was a new and harsher realism.America’s literary naturalists dismissed the validity of comforting moral truths.They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by their environment and heredity.Puritanism:Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans.They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace form God.3.Realism: Realism emphasizes on a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived.It expresses the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience.4.Romanticism: romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm, faith in value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies a source of corruption.Transcendentalism:They spoke for cultural rejuvenation and stressed the importance of the individual.They offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God.Nature was, to them, alive, filled with God’s overwhelming presence.6.Imagism意象主義: It’s a poetic movement of England and the U.S.flourished from 1909 to 1917.The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by “the direct treatment of the thing” and the economy of wording.7.Local Colorism: fiction or poetry that focuses on specific features – including characters, dialects, customs, history, and landscape – of a particular region.8.Lost Generation: It describes the Americans who remained in Paris as a colony of “expatriates” or exiles.It describes the writers like Hemingway who lived in semi poverty.It describes the Americans who returned to their native land with an intense awareness of living in an unfamiliar changing world.9.Beat Generation: It was a group of American post-World War IIwho came to prominence in the 1950s.They rejected conventional social and moral values;expressed their alienation in their works from conventional “square” society by adopting a life style which featured sex, drugs, jazz and the freedom of the open road.10.Symbolism: Symbolism is the writing technique of using symbols.It enables poets to compress a very complex idea or set of ideas into one image or even one word.It’s one of the most powerful devices that poets employ in creation.11.Modernism：is loosely a synonym of anything contemporary.Strictly, Modernism began in the late 19th century and regarded the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base.They pay more attention to the psychic time than the chronological one.12.A Jazz age(爵士時(shí)代):The Jazz Age describes the period of the 1920s and 1930s.With the rise of the great depression, the values of this age saw much decline.Highlighting what some describe as the decadence and hedonism, as well as the growth of individualism.