第一篇：研究生英語期末考試close總結

第一章

The web magazine From the Window contains poetry and literature from well-know writes across the global.There are thoughtful articles analyzing the state of the world we live in.there is even a piece from the Secretary General of United States, Kofi Annan.It may come as some surprise to find out that the editor of the magazine is a 12-year-old girl, Joy Nightingale.From the Window won Joy Nightingale the first prize in the 1999 child net International and wireless awards.These are given annually for the best use of the internet by and for young people.And they highlight one of the most welcoming aspects of the virtual world.Children have taken to the Internet as though they are born surfing.Perhaps there is because adults have had to change their understanding of technology while children simply accept it as natural.Whatever the reason, children can be found building web and E-mailing friends across the world while adults are still asking: Tell me again –where exactly is cyberspace?

Of course there is growing concern about the fact that children can travel far away from parental supervision in cyberspace.In response, many parents have installed software packages which prevent access to violent or pornographic web.Children are taking a more positive line.The web is a gateway to a world of education and entertainment.The rapid growth in Internet culture has led analysts to speculate that society will soon be divided between the “information rich” and “information poor”.For child net it is especially important that children at the margins of society through poverty or disability have the chance to take their place as equal citizens in the virtual world.第五章

It is an astonishing fact that there are laws of nature, rules that summarize conveniently-not just qualitatively but quantitatively-how the word works.We might imagine a universe in which there are no such laws, in which the 1080 elementary particles that make up a universe like our own behave with utter and uncompromising abandon.To understand such a universe we would need a brain at least as massive as the universe.It seems unlikely that such a universe could have life and intelligence, because beings and brains require some degree of internal stability and order.But even if in a much more random universe there were such beings with an intelligence much greater than our own, there could not be much knowledge, passion or joy.Fortunately for us, we live in a universe that has at least important parts that are knowable.Our common-sense experience and our evolutionary history have prepared us to understand something of the workaday world.When we go into other realms, however, common sense and ordinary intuition turn out to be highly unreliable guides.It is stunning that as we go close to the speed of light, our mass increases indefinitely, we shrink toward zero thickness in the direction of motion, and time for us comes as near to stopping as we would like.Many people think that this is silly, and every week or two I get a letter from someone who complains to me about it.But it is virtually certain consequence not just of experiment but also of Albert Einstein?s brilliant analysis of space and time called the Theory of Relatively.It does not matter that these effects seem unreasonable to us.We are not in the habit of traveling close to the speed of light.The testimony of our common sense is suspect at high velocities.The idea that the world places restrictions on what humans might do is frustrating.Why shouldn?t we be able to have intermediate rotational positions? Why can?t we travel faster than the speed of light? But so far as we can tell, this is the way the universe is constructed.Such prohibitions not only press us toward a little humility;they also make the world more knowable.When 1988 began,East Africa should have been at its most beautiful:normally the short rainy season ends in December , the rivers subside , and the country sparkles;farmers raise crops , animals graze , tourists go on safaris.But this year was different.The rains were heavy and long.The water spread out for miles in places in Kenya and Somalia , cutting off village and forcing herders to ctowd with their livestock onto a few patches of dry land.Things quickly turned ugly.Camels , cows , sheep , and goats all started dying of violent fevers.Some people , too，began to get sick.Some went temporarily blind ；others began bleeding uncontrollably.The disease was Rift Valley fever，caused by an obscure mosquito borne virus.It pops up every few years in Africa when standing water encourages mosquito eggs to hatch--this year?s huge floods brought a spectacular outbreak.According to official estimates , at least 89，000 people caught the disease.Two hundred died，but then the disease is not usually fatal to humans.Animal losses，however，were almost certainly vast--owners reported losing up to 90 percent of their herds.Yet catastrophic as the East African floods were，they had to jostle for the world?s attention with other cases of strange weather---with unusual occurrences of droughts，fires，rains，cold snaps，and heat waves.Every year brings its own grab bag of such anomalies，but this year many of them could be linked to a phenomenon in the empty expanses of the equatorial Pacific--a change in the ocean currents and winds that began in the early months of 1997 and that altered weather patterns around the world.The change in the weather was , of course , the work of E1 Nino.By the end of 1997 , E1 Nino had already become a celebrity of sorts.In 1998, however , E1 Nino's effects on the world came into full flower.It helped make the year the hottest ever recorded.In addition to Rift Valley fever , E1 Nino has been linked to an upsurge in diseases ranging from choler to malaria to dengue fever ,in Kenya , Cambodia , Peru ,and other countries scattered around the globe.第七章

I have always disliked being a man, The whole idea of manhood in America is pitiful, a little like having to wear an ill-fitting coat for one?s entire life.Even the expression “Be a man!” strikes me as insulting and abusive.It means: Be stupid, be unfeeling, obedient and soldierly, and stop thinking.Man means“manly”-how can one think“about men”without considering the terrible ambition of manliness? And yet it is part of every man?s life.It is a hideous and crippling lie;it not only insists on difference and connives at superiority,It is also by its very nature destructive-emotionally damaging and socially harmful.The youth who is subverted, as most are, into believing in the masculine ideal is effectively separated from women –it is the most savage tribal logic and he spends the rest of his life finding women a riddle and a nuisance.Of course, there is a female version of this male affliction.It begins with mothers encouraging little girls to say(to other adults), “ Doyou like my new dress?” In a sense, Girls are traditionally urged to please adults with a kind of coquettishness, while boys are enjoined to behave like monkeys toward each other.The-9-year-old coquette proceeds to become womanish in a subtle power game in which she learns to be sexually indispensable, socially decorative and always alert to a man?s sense of inadequacy.Femininity-being ladylike –implies needing a man as witness and seducer;but masculinity celebrates the exclusive company of men.That is why it is so grotesque;and that is also why there is no manliness without inadequacy –because it denies men the natural friendship of women.It is very hard to imagine any concept of manliness that does not belittle women, and it begins very early.At an age when I wanted to meet girls –let?s say the treacherous years of 13 to 16-I was told to take up a sport , get more fresh air, join the Boy Scouts, and I was urged not to read so much

Late next century, when scholars are scripting the definitive history of the PC,these last few years of high-octane growth may actually be depicted as the Dark Ages.Historians will marvel at how we toiled in front of monolithic ,beige BUBs(big ugly boxes),suffering under the oppressive glare of cathode-ray tubes while our legs scraped against the 30-pound towers beneath our desks.They may also mark 1999 as the start of the PC renaissance ,when manufacturers finally started to get it :This holiday season, computer shoppers will enjoy unprecedented variety in shapes, sizes and colors-and not just in Apple?s groundbreaking line of translucent iMacs and iBooks.Nearly every major PC maker now has innovative desktop designs on the way to market,from hourglass-sculpted towers to flat-panel displays with all the processing innards packed into the base.Among industrial designers,who still think the PC has a long way before you?ll want to display it on your mantle ,the only question is ,what took so long? “The PC industry has ridiculed design for a long time,”says Hartmut Esslinger ,founder of Frog Design.“They have not respected their customers and have underestimated their desires.”

PC makers are finally catching on-and it?s partly out of desperation.Manufacturers used to sell computer by trumpeting their techno bells and whistles,like processor speed and memory.But since ever-faster chips have given us more power on the desktop than we could ever possibly use, computer makers have been competing on price-a strategy that has dropped most units below $1000 and slashed profits.Last week IBM limped from the battlefield ,announcing it would pull its lagging Aptiva line from store shelves and sell it only on the web.Competing only on price “made an industry shakeout inevitable”, says Nick Donatiello,president of the marketing-research firm Odyssey.第九章

A symbol is not the same thing as a sign;that is a fact that psychologists and philosophers often overlook.All intelligent animals use signs,So do we.To them as well as to us sounds and smells and motions are signs of good ,danger ,the presence of other beings,or of rain or storm..Furthermore some animals not only attend to signs but also produce them for the benefits of others.Dogs bark at the door to be let in;rabbits thump to call each other;the cooing of doves and the growl of wolf are unequivocal signs of feelings and intention to be reckoned with by other creatures.We use signs just as animals do,though with considerably more elaboration.We stop at red lights and go on green;we answer calls and bells,watch the sky for coming storms,read trouble or promise or anger in each other’s eyes.That is animal intelligence raised to the human level.Those of us who are dog lovers can probably all tell wonderful stories of how high our dogs have sometimes risen in the scale of clever sign interpretation and sign using.A sign is anything that announces the existence or the imminence of some events,the presence of a thing or a person ,or a changes in the state of affairs.There are signs of the weather ,signs of danger,signs of danger ,signs of future good or evil,signs of what the past expected in experience.It is always a part of the situation to which it refers ,though the reference may be remote in space and time.A symbol differs from a sign in that it dose not announce the presence of the object,the being ,condition,but merely brings this thing to mind.A sign cause us to or act in face of the signified,whereas a symbol causes us to think about the thing symbolized.A sign is always embedded in reality,but a symbol may be divorced from reality althogether.It may refer to a mere idea,or a dream.

第二篇：研究生英語課后close翻譯

第一章

《視窗》這個網站雜志包含世界著名作家的詩歌和文學作品，其中不乏有解釋這個世界的發人深思的文章。甚至還有來自聯合國秘書長科菲·安南的文章。令我們吃驚的是這個雜志的編輯是一個12歲的小女孩，喬治·南丁格爾。

她因為《視窗》這個雜志而獲得1999年有線和無線兒童網絡獎項的一等獎，這些獎每年由年輕人頒發給最善于應用網絡的年輕人。他們強調虛擬世界是網絡最受歡迎的一個方面。孩子們進入到網絡空間仿佛他們天生都會使用網絡。

或許因為孩子們接受這些技術很自然，而大人不得不需要費一番腦筋才能理解。無論什么原因，但孩子們已經建立起網站并向世界各地的朋友發郵件時，而大人仍在詢問“請告訴我一邊，網絡空間究竟在哪”。

當然，孩子們在網絡空間中可以遠離父母的監管，這個問題日益受到關注。很多父母為了應對這件事已經安裝了可以組織孩子們進入暴力和色情網站的軟件。兒童網站采取了更積極的策略，它是一扇通往教育世界和娛樂世界的大門。

網絡文化的迅猛發展已經引起分析家的推測：社會很快就會分成兩個陣營——信息豐富陣營和信息貧乏陣營。為此兒童網站將尤為重要，為那些因為貧困或者殘疾而處在社會邊緣的孩子們能在虛擬網絡中有機會像一個正常公民一樣享受同等權利。

第二章

當你舒服地坐在花園里給你的同時發郵件時，你不需要經歷一個難受的旅行去和他們交談。如果你需要一份重要文件，你可以通過衛星傳真到你的手機上，并且可以在筆記本電腦上觀看。即是來自其它大洲的文件，你也可以立即接收到它。

隨著科技成本的日益降低，生產所有權變成了現實。由于擁有電腦﹑手機﹑傳真機﹑打印機作為遠程工作者的物質工具，他們變成了真正的電子農民。

像傳統農民一樣，在同一環境里生活和工作。他們不僅親手耕耘“土地”，而且收獲豐富的腦力資源成果。

然而，沒有在第25層樓上的豪華辦公室，微型企業家無法證明他們的信譽。無論對和錯，人們認為在漂亮的大辦公室辦公是身份地位的象征。人們想：“如果一個公司能夠提供這些，那么，這個公司經營的一定很好”。但是，面對一個人在家中的一間房子里辦公時，顧客們傾向于這樣想：與他們的接觸畢竟不會長遠。難道一個在黃金地段擁有一間大辦公室的工人才是好的工人么？

事實上，研究表明：家庭工作者一般更加認真地完成任務，并且比在辦公室里德同事工作的時間更長。像擁有土地的傳統農民一樣，他們感覺再為自己工作。

更重要的是，他們不拘泥于計劃，當什么時候合適了他們就開始工作。那就意味著他們花一個或者兩個小時來陪孩子玩耍，然后熬夜來完成演講稿，其結果他是一個更加愉快的工作者。

第三章

在1998年年初時，東非本應是最美麗的時候：一般短暫的雨季在十二月份已經結束，水位下降，鄉村充滿活力；農民種植莊稼，牧民在草地上放牧，游客到處旅游。但今年是不同的，雨季長而且降雨量比較大。在肯尼亞和索馬里大部分地區，水蔓延幾英里，切斷了村莊的聯系，迫使牧民將他們的牲畜轉移到少數干地上。事情很快變得更糟糕。駱駝、奶牛、綿羊、山羊都開始死于高燒。人也開始得病，一些人暫時性失明，而另一些人流血不止。這種疾病被叫作裂谷熱，有蚊子所攜帶的病毒所致。在非洲，這種疾病每隔幾年就會爆發一次——當死水使蚊子大量繁殖時就會爆發，今年裂谷熱的爆發也是由于洪水不退引起的。據官方報道至少有89000人得病，其中死亡200人，但是這種病通常不致命。然而牲畜的損失巨大，據牧主稱他們損失90%的牲畜。

雖然東非災難性的洪水已引起世人的關注，但于此同時，別的一些奇怪天氣也令人們關注，如不正常的干旱，火災，暴雨，寒流和熱浪。每年都會出現大量反常現象，但今年他們中許多都與太平洋赤道附近的洋面上發生的情況有關，即在1997年的頭幾個月里洋流和季風開始改變，并且改變了全世界的天氣類型。當然，這種天氣的改變是厄爾尼諾作用的結果。到1997年底，厄爾尼諾已經眾所周知。然而在1988年，厄爾尼諾對全世界的影響達到鼎盛期，它創造了有史以來的最熱的天氣記錄。，除裂谷熱外，厄爾尼諾還引起了傷寒、瘧疾、登革熱等一系列疾病在肯尼亞、柬埔寨、秘魯和世界其他國家的爆發。

第五章

令人震驚的是宇宙有其自然規律及其法則，這種規律不僅能夠定性的而且能夠定量概括出其運行規則我們可以想象這樣一個宇宙，沒有任何規則像我們宇宙一樣大由1018基本粒子構成，完全在一種無序的混亂狀態下運行，為了了解這個宇宙，我們將需要像這個像宇宙那么大容量的大腦。這樣的宇宙似乎也不太可能有生命和智能生物。因為人類和大腦都需要一個穩定且有序的內部結構。但即使在這個非常混亂無序的宇宙中存在比我們高級的智能生物，他們也將不會有太多的知識、激情和喜悅。

幸運的是，我們生活在至少它的重要組成部分是可知的宇宙中。我們常識性的經驗和進化史已經讓我們去了解到這個世界一些平凡的事情。然而當我們進入其它領域時，常識性的經驗和直覺卻變得高度不可靠。這是令人震驚的，當我們接近光速時，我們的質量在無限增大，我們的厚度卻朝著運動方向零厚度收縮，時間也像我們希望的那樣幾乎停止。許多人認為這些想法是非常愚蠢的，每一到兩星期，我都會收到一封向我質疑的信。但這些確定的事實不僅是實驗的結果，也是阿爾伯特愛因斯坦在《相對論》中關于時間和空間的精辟分析的結果。這些影響對于似乎我們不太合理，但這些不重要。我們并沒有接近于光速旅行的習慣，在這樣的高速運行下，我們的常識也值得懷疑。

這種認為宇宙限制著人類做任何可做的事情的想法是令人沮喪的，為什么我們不能處在中間旋轉的位置呢?為什么我們不能超光速旅行呢？但是據我們所知，這就是宇宙的所構筑方式。這種限制不僅使我們在浩瀚的宇宙面前更加渺小，也使整個宇宙更為可知。

第七章

我一直不喜歡作為一個男人。在美國男子氣概是可悲的，就像一生穿一件不合體的外套度過一生。甚至 “成為一個男人漢”這樣的表述都讓我感到侮辱和辱罵。它的意味是：愚蠢，冷漠，順從，好斗，無思想。男人意味著有男子氣概，當考慮男人的時候，怎能不想到男人可怕的勃勃野心呢？然而這時每個男人生命力的一部分。這是一個駭人聽聞和極其可怕的謊言。它不僅強調與女人的不同，而且縱容其優越性。從本質上講，它具有破壞性，既傷害了人與人之間的感情，有危害整個社會。

如果一個年輕人（大部分年輕人都是如此）受到這種概念誤導，認為具有男子氣概的理想是截然與女人分開，如同野蠻部落的邏輯一樣，他終其一生對女人都不了解，認為女人是討厭的。當然，也有男性所遭受的痛苦折磨的女性版本。它始于一個母親鼓勵小女兒對大人說：“你喜歡我的新裙子嗎？”就某種意思來說，女孩一般被教導用彬彬有禮的方式去討好大人，而男孩則要求像猴子一樣頑皮、淘氣地面對彼此。一個九歲的俊俏小女孩在微妙的權力游戲中成長為成年女子，她學會依賴男人，打扮入時，并且對男性提出的缺點保持注意力。女人就要像個女人，這需要一個男人作為證明者和誘惑者，而男人氣質崇尚獨立，與男人為伍。這是荒誕之所在，這也是為什么男人有缺點的原因，因為它否認了男人和女人之間有自然的友誼關系。

很難想象有不輕視女人的男子氣概的觀念，并且這種觀念很早就被灌輸。在我到了想跟女孩約會的年紀，也就是13—16的反叛的年齡，我總是被告訴去參加運動，去戶外活動，參加童子軍，并且不需要讀太多的書。

第三篇：研究生英語期末考試翻譯總結

以前的功課也許有一大部分是為了這張畢業文憑，不得已而做的。You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma,that is,out of sheer necessity.對于大自然的愛好，我是多方面的，我愛山，但更愛海。I love diverse aspects of mother nature,but I love the sea more than mountain.讀書的問題嘛，我愿說幾句。I would like to say a few words about reading.這幾天心理頗不寧靜。I have felt quite upset recently.至于實在的情形，我心里自然記得的。As for the true facts,of course,I can remember them.我們的城市在過去的十年里經歷了翻天覆地的變化。The past decade saw great changes of out city.希望今后上海能夠與更多的外國城市結為友好城市。It is hoped that shanghai will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future.她從來沒想到他是個不誠實的人。It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man.我突然想到一個主意。An idea suddenly struck me.我給你打國際長途就跟給樓下的李姐打電話差不多，一撥就通。An international phone call to you is as easy as a call to sister li downstairs.宗教不得干預政治。It is impermissible to interfere with politics in the name of religion.漢字在歷史上有過不可磨滅的功績。The system of Chinese characters has played an invaluable role in our history.我們恢復和采取這些貿易方式的原因很簡單：因為我們出口商品就是為了我們國外客戶消費方面的需求。The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple.our export commodities are for the use and consumption of our foreign customers.笆，用竹子、柳條等變成的一種東西。Ba is something made of bamboo or willow branches.我沒注意到這個錯誤。The mistake escaped me.我一時記不起他的名字。His name escapes me for a moment.五月一日會議開幕了。May Day saw the opening of the meeting.這場運動首先在天津開始。Tianjin first saw the rise of the movement.蹲在池塘邊葦叢中的青蛙叫得更起勁了。The fogs that crouched among the reeds by the pond were croaking more vigorously than before.上海港不斷更新設備，這個港口的生產已經面目一新。Now work at this port has taken on a new look,as the workers of Shanghai port has constantly replaced old equipment with new.她喜形于色。She beamed with joy.任何新生事物的成長都是要經過艱難曲折的。New things always have to experience difficulties and setbacks as they grow.他眼明手快。He is quick of eyes and deft of hand.這篇文章淺顯易懂。This article is easy to read and understand.我對他敬而遠之。I stand aloof from him.插上一條斜線便可以糾正此錯誤。Rectification of this fault is achieved by insertion of a wedge.進口用于信息網絡傳播的音像制品，參照本版法第十四條規定辦理。The import of the audio and video products used for information network dissemination shall be handled in reference to the provisions of Article 14 of these measures.由于集裝箱公司的平均處理費及處理量均有增長，集裝箱公司在此期間的業績令人鼓舞。As a result of both increases in average handling fee and handling capacity,the Container Company has achieved an encouraging result in the period.電視通過無線電波發射和接收活動物體的圖像。Television is the transmission and reception of moving objects image by radio waves.他們片面地注重重工業，忽視農業和輕工業，因而市場上的貨物不夠，貨幣不穩定。Their lop_sided stress on heavy industry to the neglect of agriculture and light industry results in a shortage of goods on the market and a non_stable currency.希望你表現更多一點幽默。You are expected to show a little more good humour.許多老房子拆了，新房子就在原地蓋起來了。Many old house were pulled down,and many new ones were built in their place.那年偏又多雨，淅淅瀝瀝，打窗飄瓦，常常擾亂我看書的情緒。As it happened to be a rainy year,I was often disturbed by the pitter_patter of rain beating down against the window and roof.為了能進行核物理方面的研究，要求這些青年教師讀完兩年研究生課程。In order to do research in nuclear physics,the young teachers are required to complete a two_year graduate course.自從第一顆原子彈試驗以來，全世界都已知道，原子可分裂，原子能可利用。Since the first test of the atomic bomb,the world has learnt the atom can be split and its power can be used.有關原子能電站反應堆的復雜性已經談得很多了。Much has been said about the complication of the nuclear power station reactor.船舶的外殼通常涂一層特殊的漆以抗腐蝕。The hull of a ship is often protected against corrosion with a coat of special paint.這里有一個科學和技術革命影響人類歷史進程的明顯例子。Here is a clear case of human history being affected by the scientific and technological revolution.他們到達了旅行的目的地。They reached the goal of their journey.這些數據易于得到。These data are readily available.你可以給我粗略地估計一下費用嗎？can you give me a rough estimate of the cost? 我們將會非常想念她。We shall miss her sorely.這咖啡太濃。The coffee is too strong.早飯吃飽，中午吃飯，晚飯吃少。At breakfast,eat like a king.At lunch,eat like a prince.At supper,eat like a pauper.1.他打開抽屜拿出詞典來。He opened the drawer and took out a dictionary.2.他到車站發現火車已經開走了。Arriving at the station,he found that the train had left.3.去年他去北京看朋友。Last year he went to Beijing to visit his friends.4.他們跑過去歡迎眾代表。They ran over to welcome the delegates.5.他回家去取鑰匙。He went home for the key.6.她哼著曲子走進臥室去。Humming a tune she went into the bedroom.7.游行的人拿著鮮花和彩旗在街道上行進。The paraders marched in the street,carrying flowers and banners in their hands.8.我們應當起來捍衛和平。We should come forward in defence of peace.9.醫生勸他好好休息。The doctor advised him to take a good rest.10.虛心使人進步，驕傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lag behind.11.這會使孩子們高興的。That will please the children.12.她責備孩子遲遲不回家。She reproached her child for staying out late.13.黑漆漆的，不知是日是夜。Pitch dark,I don’t know whether it is day or night.14.裘人道：“一百年還記著呢！比不得你，拿著我的話當耳邊風，夜里說了，早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember if I live to be a hundred!”said Aroma, “I’m not like you , letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.”

15.生于憂患，死于安樂。One prospers in worries and hardships and perishes in ease and comfort 16.你最好在月底之前把這臺機器修好。You had better have this machine repaired by the end of this month.17.那一趟可把我累壞了。That trip tired me out.18.那年輕人把腰板一挺，不服輸。The young man straightened himself up and refused to admit defeat.19.他們把我們當做貴賓來款待。They treated us as distinguished guest.20.真把他沒辦法。He’s really a tough person to cope with.21.把電源插頭插入220V交流電源插座，將電源開關按下。Connect the main plug to AC 220V source socket and push power switch to turn on the receiver.22.她把她的自行車借給我了我。She lent me her bike.23.一本書就像一個大家庭，思想內容匯聚一堂。A book is like a big family—a family of ideas 24.看書就像走親訪友，認識圈子不斷增強。Reading books,like visiting relatives and friends,can enlarge our ideological circle.25.每本書都是物與我的交融，每本書都是過去和未來的紐帶。Generally,a book embodies a perfect blend of the objective and subjective worlds.It also forges a strong link between the past and the future.26.隨著節目越來越娛樂化，電視屏蔽了嚴肅的思考。With more picture than point ,TV diverts to diverts ,screening out any real thinking.27.過去的人即便看書不多，也會修飾的不乏品味。People used to dress themselves in aesthetic costumes of a good reader.28.現在的人卻常常對書籍不屑一顧。But now,many would easily turn up their noses at books.29.他搶了我的飯碗。He’s taken the bread out of my mouth.30.龍生龍，鳳生鳳。Like father ,like son.31.說曹操，曹操到。Talk of the devil, and he’s sure to appear 32.血濃于水，臺灣同胞是我們的手足兄弟。Blood is thicker than water.People in Taiwan are our brothers and sisters sharing the same blood.33.原鄉人的血，必須流返原鄉，才會停止沸騰。Only when the blood of the native son flows back to his native place ,will it stop boiling.34.大陸和臺灣同胞血脈相連，一條海峽不能把我們的骨肉隔斷。The Chinese people ,no matter living on the mainland or living on Taiwan ,are linked together by flesh and blood.The strait that separates us can never cut off such bonds of flesh and blood.35.燕子去了，有再來的時候，楊柳枯了，有在青的時候，桃花謝了，有再開的時候。Swallows may have gone ,but there is a time of return,willow trees may have died back,but there is a time of regreening,peach blossoms may have fallen,but they will bloom again.36.然而朋友們把我救了。他們給了我家庭所不能給的東西。他們的友愛，他們的幫助，他們的鼓勵，幾次把我從深淵的邊沿救回來。Friends are my saviours.They give me things which it is beyond my family to give me.Thanks to their fraternal love ,assistance and encouragement,I have time and again been saved from falling into an abyss while on its verge.37.于是——洗手的時候，日子從水盆里過去，吃飯的時候，日子從飯碗里過去，默默時，便從凝然的雙眼前過去。Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands,vanishes in the rice bowl when I have my meal;passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie.38.學無止境，一生的時間都嫌太短。Art is long ,but life is short.39.小火車在歡騰地疾馳。人們的心和火車一樣，向家鄉急奔。The little train and the hearts of all its passengers ,together ,sped merrily homeward..40.那日，正是黃梅時候，天氣煩躁。王冕放牛倦了，在草地上坐著。One sultry day in early summer ,tired after leading the buffalo to graze ,Wang Mian sat down on the grassl

第四篇：研究生英語期末考試考后總結

動物營養與飼料2010江佳偉2011.01.02/2011.06.24考后整理

2010-2011學年第1學期

英語精讀

1.閱讀簡答

2.詞匯文章中10個單詞的英語含義，漢語意思。

文章為Unit SixText: Two Truths to Live By

3.翻譯

（1）英譯漢下冊Unit Three 課后翻譯A

上冊Unit Four Text課文第7段

（2）漢譯英上冊Unit Five 課后翻譯B第6個

下冊Unit Three 課后翻譯B第6個

4.作文奧運口號 更高，更快，更強。拉丁文與英文三個詞，那組更好？

聽力課本Unit 11 Part Ⅱ 口語部分 Exercise 3 問題1

英語聽力

1.Unit 14Part Ⅰ Section AExercise 1無選項，直接寫句子。

2.Unit 15Part Ⅰ Section BExercise 1

3.Unit 04Part Ⅰ Section AExercise 1

4.Unit 12Part Ⅲ Talk One

5.VOA圣誕節

2010-2011學年第2學期

英語精讀

1.閱讀Unit Eleven Exercise A選擇題

2.詞匯文章中10個單詞的英語含義，漢語意思。

文章為Unit Eleven Text: In Search of the Real Google

3.翻譯

（1）英譯漢

Unit Eleven課文第12段后半段

Here's how the system works.If you're a company selling sneakers, you can bid to have a

link to your website appear in the sponsored area whenever someone does a Google search for, say, tennis or Michael Jordan or sneakers or all of those and more.How prominently your ad will be displayed depends on how much you bid and how many people click on your ad.That means you can’t just buy your way to the top；your link also has to appeal to users.You pay Google for every click you receive.第14段后半段（刪減了一句話）

The free food and laundry and the heavily subsidized massages and haircuts all help, but

there also has to be enough creative work to go around.Google came up with a formula to help

動物營養與飼料2010江佳偉2011.01.02/2011.06.24考后整理ensure this.The San Francisco wi-fi initiative resulted from someone's 10％ time；so did Google Talk, a free system for instant and voice messaging.If Google ever builds that space elevator, it will no doubt be during 10％ time.（2）漢譯英下冊Unit Four 課后翻譯B第6個

下冊Unit Six 課后翻譯B第6個

4.作文比較中美不同的教育制度，你認為孰優孰劣？

聽力課本Unit 23 Part Ⅱ 口語部分 Exercise 1 問題1

英語聽力

1.Unit 26Part Ⅲ Passage One無選項，直接寫句子。

Unit 29Part Ⅲ Talk Two

2.Unit 27Part Ⅰ Section CExercise 1

3.Unit 17Part Ⅰ Section CExercise 1

4.Unit 22Part Ⅲ Report One

5.VOA（是啥主題？我根本就沒聽，前面都沒寫完！）

總結：

精讀試卷會選擇上冊課本中的一篇原文，題目為簡答或選擇，然后挑出10有難度的單

詞（生詞），要求寫出英語含義，漢語意思。翻譯為2道英譯漢，2道漢譯英（上下冊各2道），是上冊課文段落節選和上下冊課后長翻譯。作文為聽力課本的口語部分問題，一般資老師班級聽力課堂小作文也是寫這個，不過課堂上寫過的就不會出了，如想押作文題,可從15個單元中剔除寫過的單元（可以找資老師班里的同學詢問一下）。建議復習時可以將上冊課文對照教師參考書上面的譯文多看幾遍，并看一下課后Exercise A。此外要將上冊6個單元和下冊3個單元以及Mini-Test的長翻譯整理出來。

聽力試卷就不要奢望會有選擇題了！不過還是有規律可循的，試題中第1部分是聽說

教程Part Ⅰ Section AExercise 1的短對話（如果Part Ⅲ的篇章很短，則也是出題來源）；第2部分是Part Ⅰ的表格類題；第3部分是Part Ⅰ中較長的，要書寫的內容較多；第4部分是Part Ⅲ的長篇章。第5部分是VOA的文章，將文中句子補充完整，錄音會放3遍，不過聽力不是很好的同學建議放棄，此段時間用來弄前面幾部分。注意考過的題也會再考，據我所知，美國節日的那題就已連續考過3屆。聽力試卷幾乎全是簡答，書寫量大，一定要邊聽邊寫，因為全部錄音放完后3-5分鐘就交卷。注意聽力考試時間只有一個小時！！

以下為廢話，所謂的湊字數！呵呵。

精讀的PPT,PDF和聽力的PPT可以直接到出版社網上下載，也可以找我索要。qq 624202649

我就是資老師班上的，不過他的教學和出題模式令人不是很適應，俗稱”很變態”。希

望我的這些總結對師弟師妹們的考試有些幫助，祝你們考試順利通過！

第五篇：當代研究生英語下冊課后Close原文1-4

Unit 1，There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence.The first is the sort of brain he is born with.Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others.But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with ,an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn.So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is brought up.If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of，intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individuals intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and John.When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes.Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities.John, however, was educated in home of well-to-do parents who had been to college, This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were，given tests to measure their intelligence.Johns I.Q was 125,twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.Unit 2

Recent studies of the human brain have resulted in some interesting discoveries.Scientists believe that a way to improve the power of the brain may soon be possible.Scientists have discovered that the brain can make its own drugs.The brain contains a protein substance which can act directly on the brain to change aspects of mental activity.Some may change or improve, for example, creativity, intelligence, imagination, and good memory.Chemicals found in the brain carry messages.In recent years scientists have found chemicals that affect mood, memory and other happenings of the mind.About 25 have been found so far.Today the role of chemicals and protein substance in human behaviour is creating much interest.Research seems to show that they may help control insomnia, pain, and mental illness.They have a great capacity to stimulate the brain to conquer deficiencies.They also improve the qualities of memory and learning already in the brain.They hold the secret to mood and emotion.Some day there may be a chemical way to create a better more efficient brain.Unit 3，By measuring the amount of HIVs genetic material in various representative tissue samples from infected people, and extrapolating form these samples to the entire body, Haase estimates that at most 1 in 2,500 cells, maybe fewer, is infected with HIV.This is nowhere near enough for direct cell killing to account for the depletion in their numbers that leads to AIDS.Haase says that his own work now shows that large numbers of CD4 cell ate becoming trapped in lymph tissue, and he believes that HIV also disrupts the production of new cells.In common with a number of other researchers, he also believes that HIV may cause the loss of uninfected CD4 cells by triggering abnormally high levels of cell suicide ,or apoptosis-a separate process that has been a subject of research throughout the 1990s.Taken together, these findings clearly suggest that HIV keeps the immune system in a state of constant activation, and unbalances it in four ways :by trapping mature cells ,by stopping the production of new cells, by triggering abnormally high rates of apoptosis and by killing a small but significant number of cells directly.Their combined impact leaves the immune system depleted and unable to cope with opportunistic infections.How will any of this affect treatments? Would better knowledge of the ways in which the virus disturbs the immune system enable researchers to rebuild it ,broadening the depleted repertoire of CD4 cells ? Roederer , at least, thinks that drugs that directly affect the immune system will be needed.Others go further, Jay Levy at the University of California , San Francisco, worries that prolonged treatment with cocktails of antiviral drugsmight even fool the immune system and “put it to rest”, by keeping levels of HIV so low in the body that they fail to trigger any immune responses at all.This might make individuals who stop taking the drugs even more vulnerable.He argues that immune-restoring treatments should be given alongside antiviral drugs.Already, some researchers are working on novel approaches such as developing genetically engineered T cell to replace lose CD4 cells.Unit 4what is Golbalization?

Economic “globalization” is a historical process, the result of human innovation and technological progress.It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world , particularly through trade and financial flows.The term sometimes also refers to the movement of

people(labor)and knowledge(technology)across international borders.There are also broader cultural, political and environmental dimensions of globalization that are not covered here.At its most basic, there is nothing mysterious about globalization.The term has come to common usage since the 1980s, reflecting technological advances that make it easier and quicker to complete international transactions –both trade an financial flows, It refers to an extension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have operated for centuries at all levels of human economic activity-village markets, urban industries ,or financial centers.Markets promote efficiency through competition and the division of labor-the specialization that allows people and economies to focus on what they do best.Global markets offer greater opportunity for people to tap into more and larger markets around the world.It means that they can have access to more capital flows, technology, cheaper imports, and larger export markets.But markets do not necessarily ensure that the benefits of increased efficiency are shared by all.Countries must be prepared to embrace the policies needed, and in the case of the poorest countries may need the support of the international community as they do so.